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Gibbings SL, Haist KC, Redente EF, Henson PM, Bratton DL. TNFα: TNFR1 signaling inhibits maturation and maintains the pro-inflammatory programming of monocyte-derived macrophages in murine chronic granulomatous disease. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1354836. [PMID: 38404573 PMCID: PMC10884288 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1354836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Loss of NADPH oxidase activity results in proinflammatory macrophages that contribute to hyperinflammation in Chronic Granulomatous Disease (CGD). Previously, it was shown in a zymosan-induced peritonitis model that gp91phox-/- (CGD) monocyte-derived macrophages (MoMacs) fail to phenotypically mature into pro-resolving MoMacs characteristic of wild type (WT) but retain the ability to do so when placed in the WT milieu. Accordingly, it was hypothesized that soluble factor(s) in the CGD milieu thwart appropriate programming. Methods We sought to identify key constituents using ex vivo culture of peritoneal inflammatory leukocytes and their conditioned media. MoMac phenotyping was performed via flow cytometry, measurement of efferocytic capacity and multiplex analysis of secreted cytokines. Addition of exogenous TNFα, TNFα neutralizing antibody and TNFR1-/- MoMacs were used to study the role of TNFα: TNFR1 signaling in MoMac maturation. Results More extensive phenotyping defined normal MoMac maturation and demonstrated failure of maturation of CGD MoMacs both ex vivo and in vivo. Protein components, and specifically TNFα, produced and released by CGD neutrophils and MoMacs into conditioned media was identified as critical to preventing maturation. Exogenous addition of TNFα inhibited WT MoMac maturation, and its neutralization allowed maturation of cultured CGD MoMacs. TNFα neutralization also reduced production of IL-1β, IL-6 and CXCL1 by CGD cells though these cytokines played no role in MoMac programming. MoMacs lacking TNFR1 matured more normally in the CGD milieu both ex vivo and following adoptive transfer in vivo. Discussion These data lend mechanistic insights into the utility of TNFα blockade in CGD and to other diseases where such therapy has been shown to be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie L. Gibbings
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, United States
| | - Kelsey C. Haist
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, United States
| | - Elizabeth F. Redente
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Peter M. Henson
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, United States
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Donna L. Bratton
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, United States
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2
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Yang Y, Tang X, Yao T, Zhang Y, Zhong Y, Wu S, Wang Y, Pan Z. Metformin protects ovarian granulosa cells in chemotherapy-induced premature ovarian failure mice through AMPK/PPAR-γ/SIRT1 pathway. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1447. [PMID: 38228655 PMCID: PMC10791659 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51990-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Premature ovarian failure (POF) caused by chemotherapy is a growing concern for female reproductive health. The use of metformin (MET), which has anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects, in the treatment of POF damaged by chemotherapy drugs remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the impact of MET on POF caused by cyclophosphamide (CTX) combined with busulfan (BUS) and M1 macrophages using POF model mice and primary granule cells (GCs). Our findings demonstrate that intragastric administration of MET ameliorates ovarian damage and alleviates hormonal disruption in chemotherapy-induced POF mice. This effect is achieved through the reduction of inflammatory and oxidative stress-related harm. Additionally, MET significantly relieves abnormal inflammatory response, ROS accumulation, and senescence in primary GCs co-cultured with M1 macrophages. We also observed that this protective role of MET is closely associated with the AMPK/PPAR-γ/SIRT1 pathway in cell models. In conclusion, our results suggest that MET can protect against chemotherapy-induced ovarian injury by inducing the expression of the AMPK pathway while reducing oxidative damage and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Yang
- Faculty of Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, No.461 Bayi Road, Donghu District, Nanchang City, 330006, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangting Tang
- The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Futian, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Yao
- Faculty of Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, No.461 Bayi Road, Donghu District, Nanchang City, 330006, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiqing Zhang
- Faculty of Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, No.461 Bayi Road, Donghu District, Nanchang City, 330006, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yufei Zhong
- Faculty of Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, No.461 Bayi Road, Donghu District, Nanchang City, 330006, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuqing Wu
- Faculty of Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, No.461 Bayi Road, Donghu District, Nanchang City, 330006, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yurou Wang
- Faculty of Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, No.461 Bayi Road, Donghu District, Nanchang City, 330006, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zezheng Pan
- Faculty of Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, No.461 Bayi Road, Donghu District, Nanchang City, 330006, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China.
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Huang Q, Le Y, Li S, Bian Y. Signaling pathways and potential therapeutic targets in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Respir Res 2024; 25:30. [PMID: 38218783 PMCID: PMC10788036 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-024-02678-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a common condition associated with critically ill patients, characterized by bilateral chest radiographical opacities with refractory hypoxemia due to noncardiogenic pulmonary edema. Despite significant advances, the mortality of ARDS remains unacceptably high, and there are still no effective targeted pharmacotherapeutic agents. With the outbreak of coronavirus disease 19 worldwide, the mortality of ARDS has increased correspondingly. Comprehending the pathophysiology and the underlying molecular mechanisms of ARDS may thus be essential to developing effective therapeutic strategies and reducing mortality. To facilitate further understanding of its pathogenesis and exploring novel therapeutics, this review provides comprehensive information of ARDS from pathophysiology to molecular mechanisms and presents targeted therapeutics. We first describe the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of ARDS that involve dysregulated inflammation, alveolar-capillary barrier dysfunction, impaired alveolar fluid clearance and oxidative stress. Next, we summarize the molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways related to the above four aspects of ARDS pathophysiology, along with the latest research progress. Finally, we discuss the emerging therapeutic strategies that show exciting promise in ARDS, including several pharmacologic therapies, microRNA-based therapies and mesenchymal stromal cell therapies, highlighting the pathophysiological basis and the influences on signal transduction pathways for their use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianrui Huang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095, Jie Fang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095, Jie Fang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yue Le
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, 87 Dingjia Bridge, Hunan Road, Gu Lou District, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Shusheng Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095, Jie Fang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China.
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095, Jie Fang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Yi Bian
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095, Jie Fang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China.
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095, Jie Fang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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Xiang L, Huang Q, Chen T, He Q, Yao H, Gao Y. Ethanol extract of Paridis rhizoma attenuates carrageenan-induced paw swelling in rats by inhibiting the production of inflammatory factors. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:437. [PMID: 38049800 PMCID: PMC10696755 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04264-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Inflammation has been identified as a key factor contributing to the development of numerous diseases. Several anti-inflammatory drugs have been developed to treat inflammation-related diseases. However, some of such drugs are associated with varying degrees of side effects. Therefore, it is imperative to develop new anti-inflammatory drugs with reducing side effects for the treatment of inflammation-related diseases. Natural anti-inflammatory drugs have emerged as an important area of research in recent years. The study was to determine the anti-inflammatory mechanism of Paridis rhizoma extract (PRE) in rat models of acute inflammation induced by carrageenan and RAW264.7 cells models induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). MATERIALS AND METHODS PRE was investigated using the carrageenan-induced paw oedema model on rats in vivo. Histopathology examined the extent of inflammatory infiltration and tissue damage. The effect of PRE on the levels of specific cytokines was determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The Cell Counting Kit (CCK)-8 assay evaluated the cytotoxic effects of PRE on Raw264.7 cells. The mRNA expression levels of cytokines were quantified using quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Western blot measured TNF-α, IL6, TLR4, p-P65, p-IKB, HO1, SOD1 and SOD2. Fluorescence measured the cellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). RESULTS PRE treatment reduced interstitial edema and structural damage in a dose-dependent manner in vivo. PRE inhibited inflammatory responses in vivo and in vitro, as evidenced by the decreased expression of inflammatory factors, production of ROS, and increased expression of SOD1, SOD2, and HO1. Moreover, PRE inhibited the activity of the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) pathway. CONCLUSION The anti-inflammatory activity and potential mechanism of PRE were demonstrated according to the results. PRE reduced LPS-induced inflammation in RAW264.7 cells by inhibiting the NF-KB signaling pathway and ROS production in vitro. PRE alleviated interstitial edema and structural damage in the carrageenan-induced paw edema model on rats in vivo. This study provided an idea for future development of PR-based anti-inflammatory drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xiang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, China
| | - Qinwan Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Cheng du University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, China
| | - Qingman He
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, China
| | - Huan Yao
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, China.
- Sichuan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Innovative Re-Development of Famous Classical Formulas, Pengzhou, 611930, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yongxiang Gao
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, China.
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Fini MA, Monks JA, Li M, Gerasimovskaya E, Paucek P, Wang K, Frid MG, Pugliese SC, Bratton D, Yu YR, Irwin D, Karin M, Wright RM, Stenmark KR. Macrophage Xanthine Oxidoreductase Links LPS Induced Lung Inflammatory Injury to NLRP3 Inflammasome Expression and Mitochondrial Respiration. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.21.550055. [PMID: 37502951 PMCID: PMC10370167 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.21.550055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) and the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) remain poorly treated inflammatory lung disorders. Both reactive oxygen species (ROS) and macrophages are involved in the pathogenesis of ALI/ARDS. Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) is an ROS generator that plays a central role in the inflammation that contributes to ALI. To elucidate the role of macrophage-specific XOR in endotoxin induced ALI, we developed a conditional myeloid specific XOR knockout in mice. Myeloid specific ablation of XOR in LPS insufflated mice markedly attenuated lung injury demonstrating the essential role of XOR in this response. Macrophages from myeloid specific XOR knockout exhibited loss of inflammatory activation and increased expression of anti-inflammatory genes/proteins. Transcriptional profiling of whole lung tissue of LPS insufflated XOR fl/fl//LysM-Cre mice demonstrated an important role for XOR in expression and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and acquisition of a glycolytic phenotype by inflammatory macrophages. These results identify XOR as an unexpected link between macrophage redox status, mitochondrial respiration and inflammatory activation.
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Song Z, Bhattacharya S, Huang G, Greenberg ZJ, Yang W, Bagaitkar J, Schuettpelz LG, Dinauer MC. NADPH oxidase 2 limits amplification of IL-1β-G-CSF axis and an immature neutrophil subset in murine lung inflammation. Blood Adv 2023; 7:1225-1240. [PMID: 36103336 PMCID: PMC10111367 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2022007652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The leukocyte NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) regulates inflammation independent of its antimicrobial activity. Inherited defects in NOX2 lead to chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), associated with recurrent bacterial and fungal infections, often with excessive neutrophilic inflammation that results in significant inflammatory burden and tissue damage. We previously showed that excessive leukotriene B4 (LTB4) production by NOX2-deficient mouse neutrophils was a key driver of elevated lung neutrophil infiltration in the initial response to pulmonary challenge with the model fungal particle zymosan. We now identify interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and downstream granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) as critical amplifying signals that augment and sustain neutrophil accrual in CGD mice. Neutrophils, delivered into the lung via LTB4, were the primary source of IL-1β within the airways, and their increased numbers in CGD lungs led to significantly elevated local and plasma G-CSF. Elevated G-CSF simultaneously promoted increased granulopoiesis and mobilized the release of higher numbers of an immature CD101- neutrophil subset from the marrow, which trafficked to the lung and acquired a significantly more proinflammatory transcriptome in CGD mice compared with wild-type mice. Thus, neutrophil-produced IL-1β and downstream G-CSF act sequentially but nonredundantly with LTB4 to deploy neutrophils and amplify inflammation in CGD mice after inhalation of zymosan. NOX2 plays a critical role in dampening multiple components of a feed-forward pipeline for neutrophil recruitment, and these findings highlight NOX2 as a key regulator of neutrophil number, subsets, and function at inflamed sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Song
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Sourav Bhattacharya
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Guangming Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Zev J. Greenberg
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Juhi Bagaitkar
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH
| | - Laura G. Schuettpelz
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Mary C. Dinauer
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
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7
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Zhang F, Liu T, Huang HC, Zhao YY, He M, Yuan W, Li L, Li J, Wu DM, Xu Y. Activation of pyroptosis and ferroptosis is involved in radiation-induced intestinal injury in mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 631:102-109. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.09.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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8
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Lin J, Lu Z, Li G, Zhang C, Lu H, Gao S, Zhu R, Huang H, Aden K, Wang J, Cong Y, Wu H, Liu Z. MCPIP-1-Mediated Immunosuppression of Neutrophils Exacerbates Acute Bacterial Peritonitis and Liver Injury. J Innate Immun 2022; 15:262-282. [PMID: 36273448 PMCID: PMC10643898 DOI: 10.1159/000526784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Monocyte chemotactic protein-1-induced protein-1 (MCPIP-1) is highly expressed in activated immune cells and negatively regulates immune responses, while the mechanisms underlying the immunoregulation of neutrophils in acute bacterial infection and liver injury remain elusive. Here, we examined the role of MCPIP-1 in regulating neutrophil functions during acute bacterial peritonitis and liver injury. Mice with myeloid cell-specific overexpression (McpipMye-tg) or knockout (McpipΔMye) of MCPIP-1 were generated. We found that reactive oxygen species and myeloperoxidase production, formation of neutrophil extracellular traps, and migratory capacity were deficient in McpipMye-tg neutrophils but enhanced in McpipΔMye neutrophils. The recruitment of neutrophils and pathogen clearance were markedly suppressed in McpipMye-tg mice following intraperitoneal infection with Salmonella typhimurium while intensified in McpipΔMye mice. Severe acute S. typhimurium-infected peritonitis and liver injury occurred in McpipMye-tg mice but were alleviated in McpipΔMye mice. RNA sequencing, RNA-binding protein immunoprecipitation and qPCR analysis revealed that MCPIP-1 downregulated the protective functions of neutrophils via degrading the mRNA of cold inducible RNA-binding protein. Consistently, MCPIP-1 was highly expressed in neutrophils of patients with acute infectious diseases, especially in those with liver injury. Collectively, we uncover that MCPIP-1 negatively regulates the antibacterial capacities of neutrophils, leading to exacerbating severe acute bacterial peritonitis and liver injury. It may serve as a candidate target for maintaining neutrophil homeostasis to control acute infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Putian University, Putian, China
| | - Zhanjun Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Gengfeng Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Cui Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huiying Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Sheng Gao
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruixin Zhu
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hailiang Huang
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Konrad Aden
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Storr Liver Unit, Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yingzi Cong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Huili Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhanju Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Fan G, Li Y, Liu Y, Suo X, Jia Y, Yang X. Gondoic acid alleviates LPS‑induced Kupffer cells inflammation by inhibiting ROS production and PKCθ/ERK/STAT3 signaling pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 111:109171. [PMID: 35998508 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Kupffer cells (KCs) is the main macrophage in liver, and its inflammation is related to liver diseases. It has been shown that inflammatory macrophages are accompanied by changes in monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) content. However, the effect of gondoic acid (GA) on inflammation and its underlying mechanism have not been described. In the current study, we demonstrated that GA significantly inhibited the expression of pro-inflammatory factors in LPS-exposed KCs. Further research found that GA reduced lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and enhanced the expression of antioxidant genes. Meanwhile, GA obviously blocked the LPS-stimulated PKCθ/ERK/STAT3 signaling pathways to alleviate the inflammatory responses. These results demonstrated for the first time that GA improves KCs inflammation through the inhibition of ROS production and PKCθ/ERK/STAT3 signaling pathway, the results assist in the potential development of functional foods or prodrugs based on the GA rich plant oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqiang Fan
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Yanfei Li
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Yaxin Liu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Xiaoyi Suo
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Yimin Jia
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
| | - Xiaojing Yang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
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Zhu H, Wang Z, Wang W, Lu Y, He YW, Tian J. Bacterial Quorum-Sensing Signal DSF Inhibits LPS-Induced Inflammations by Suppressing Toll-like Receptor Signaling and Preventing Lysosome-Mediated Apoptosis in Zebrafish. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137110. [PMID: 35806111 PMCID: PMC9266882 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria and their eukaryotic hosts have co-evolved for millions of years, and the former can intercept eukaryotic signaling systems for the successful colonization of the host. The diffusible signal factor (DSF) family represents a type of quorum-sensing signals found in diverse Gram-negative bacterial pathogens. Recent evidence shows that the DSF is involved in interkingdom communications between the bacterial pathogen and the host plant. In this study, we explored the anti-inflammatory effect of the DSF and its underlying molecular mechanism in a zebrafish model. We found that the DSF treatment exhibited a strong protective effect on the inflammatory response of zebrafish induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In the LPS-induced inflammation zebrafish model, the DSF could significantly ameliorate the intestinal pathological injury, reduce abnormal migration and the aggregation of inflammatory cells, inhibit the excessive production of inflammatory mediator reactive oxygen species (ROS) content, and prevent apoptosis. Through an RNA-Seq analysis, a total of 938 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was screened between LPS and LPS + DSF treatment zebrafish embryos. A further bioinformatics analysis and validation revealed that the DSF might inhibit the LPS-induced zebrafish inflammatory response by preventing the activation of signaling in the Toll-like receptor pathway, attenuating the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, and regulating the activation of the caspase cascade through restoring the expression of lysosomal cathepsins and apoptosis signaling. This study, for the first time, demonstrates the anti-inflammatory role and a potential pharmaceutical application of the bacterial signal DSF. These findings also suggest that the interkingdom communication between DSF-producing bacteria and zebrafish might occur in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjie Zhu
- Zebrafish Model Research Center for Human Diseases and Drug Screening in Western China, School of Medicine, The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China; (H.Z.); (Z.W.); (W.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Zhihao Wang
- Zebrafish Model Research Center for Human Diseases and Drug Screening in Western China, School of Medicine, The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China; (H.Z.); (Z.W.); (W.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Wenxin Wang
- Zebrafish Model Research Center for Human Diseases and Drug Screening in Western China, School of Medicine, The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China; (H.Z.); (Z.W.); (W.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yongbo Lu
- Zebrafish Model Research Center for Human Diseases and Drug Screening in Western China, School of Medicine, The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China; (H.Z.); (Z.W.); (W.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Ya-Wen He
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Development Sciences, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Correspondence: (Y.-W.H.); (J.T.); Tel.: +86-135-6438-5795 (Y.-W.H.); +86-29-88302339 (J.T.)
| | - Jing Tian
- Zebrafish Model Research Center for Human Diseases and Drug Screening in Western China, School of Medicine, The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China; (H.Z.); (Z.W.); (W.W.); (Y.L.)
- Correspondence: (Y.-W.H.); (J.T.); Tel.: +86-135-6438-5795 (Y.-W.H.); +86-29-88302339 (J.T.)
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Macrophage NOX2 NADPH oxidase maintains alveolar homeostasis in mice. Blood 2022; 139:2855-2870. [PMID: 35357446 PMCID: PMC9101249 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021015365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The leukocyte NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) plays a key role in pathogen killing and immunoregulation. Genetic defects in NOX2 result in chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), associated with microbial infections and inflammatory disorders, often involving the lung. Alveolar macrophages (AMs) are the predominant immune cell in the airways at steady state, and limiting their activation is important, given the constant exposure to inhaled materials, yet the importance of NOX2 in this process is not well understood. In this study, we showed a previously undescribed role for NOX2 in maintaining lung homeostasis by suppressing AM activation, in CGD mice or mice with selective loss of NOX2 preferentially in macrophages. AMs lacking NOX2 had increased cytokine responses to Toll-like receptor-2 (TLR2) and TLR4 stimulation ex vivo. Moreover, between 4 and 12 week of age, mice with global NOX2 deletion developed an activated CD11bhigh subset of AMs with epigenetic and transcriptional profiles reflecting immune activation compared with WT AMs. The presence of CD11bhigh AMs in CGD mice correlated with an increased number of alveolar neutrophils and proinflammatory cytokines at steady state and increased lung inflammation after insults. Moreover, deletion of NOX2 preferentially in macrophages was sufficient for mice to develop an activated CD11bhigh AM subset and accompanying proinflammatory sequelae. In addition, we showed that the altered resident macrophage transcriptional profile in the absence of NOX2 is tissue specific, as those changes were not seen in resident peritoneal macrophages. Thus, these data demonstrate that the absence of NOX2 in alveolar macrophages leads to their proinflammatory remodeling and dysregulates alveolar homeostasis.
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Glass EB, Hoover AA, Bullock KK, Madden MZ, Reinfeld BI, Harris W, Parker D, Hufnagel DH, Crispens MA, Khabele D, Rathmell WK, Rathmell JC, Wilson AJ, Giorgio TD, Yull FE. Stimulating TAM-mediated anti-tumor immunity with mannose-decorated nanoparticles in ovarian cancer. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:497. [PMID: 35513776 PMCID: PMC9074180 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09612-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current cancer immunotherapies have made tremendous impacts but generally lack high response rates, especially in ovarian cancer. New therapies are needed to provide increased benefits. One understudied approach is to target the large population of immunosuppressive tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). Using inducible transgenic mice, we recently reported that upregulating nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) signaling in TAMs promotes the M1, anti-tumor phenotype and limits ovarian cancer progression. We also developed a mannose-decorated polymeric nanoparticle system (MnNPs) to preferentially deliver siRNA payloads to M2, pro-tumor macrophages in vitro. In this study, we tested a translational strategy to repolarize ovarian TAMs via MnNPs loaded with siRNA targeting the inhibitor of NF-κB alpha (IκBα) using mouse models of ovarian cancer. METHODS We evaluated treatment with MnNPs loaded with IκBα siRNA (IκBα-MnNPs) or scrambled siRNA in syngeneic ovarian cancer models. ID8 tumors in C57Bl/6 mice were used to evaluate consecutive-day treatment of late-stage disease while TBR5 tumors in FVB mice were used to evaluate repetitive treatments in a faster-developing disease model. MnNPs were evaluated for biodistribution and therapeutic efficacy in both models. RESULTS Stimulation of NF-κB activity and repolarization to an M1 phenotype via IκBα-MnNP treatment was confirmed using cultured luciferase-reporter macrophages. Delivery of MnNPs with fluorescent payloads (Cy5-MnNPs) to macrophages in the solid tumors and ascites was confirmed in both tumor models. A three consecutive-day treatment of IκBα-MnNPs in the ID8 model validated a shift towards M1 macrophage polarization in vivo. A clear therapeutic effect was observed with biweekly treatments over 2-3 weeks in the TBR5 model where significantly reduced tumor burden was accompanied by changes in immune cell composition, indicative of reduced immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. No evidence of toxicity associated with MnNP treatment was observed in either model. CONCLUSIONS In mouse models of ovarian cancer, MnNPs were preferentially associated with macrophages in ascites fluid and solid tumors. Evidence of macrophage repolarization, increased inflammatory cues, and reduced tumor burden in IκBα-MnNP-treated mice indicate beneficial outcomes in models of established disease. We have provided evidence of a targeted, TAM-directed approach to increase anti-tumor immunity in ovarian cancer with strong translational potential for future clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan B Glass
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alyssa A Hoover
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kennady K Bullock
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Matthew Z Madden
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Bradley I Reinfeld
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Whitney Harris
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Dominique Parker
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Marta A Crispens
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Dineo Khabele
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - W Kimryn Rathmell
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jeffrey C Rathmell
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Andrew J Wilson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Todd D Giorgio
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Fiona E Yull
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
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Recent Approaches to Determine Static and Dynamic Redox State-Related Parameters. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11050864. [PMID: 35624728 PMCID: PMC9137989 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress refers to an imbalance between oxidant and antioxidant molecules, which is usually associated with oxidative damage to biomolecules and mitochondrial malfunction. Redox state-related parameters include (1) the direct measurement of ROS, (2) the assessment of the antioxidant defense status, and (3) the analysis of the resulting oxidative damage to molecules. Directly measuring ROS appears to be the preferred method among scientists, but most ROS are extremely unstable and difficult to measure. The processes of determining both the oxidative damage to biomolecules and the antioxidant system status, although both are indirect approaches, provide a reliable method to measure oxidative stress on a given sample. Recently, the Seahorse XF and the Oroboros O2k systems have provided new insights into the redox state from a more dynamic point of view. These techniques assess mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation function and bioenergetics on isolated mitochondria, cultured cells, or specific tissues such as permeabilized fibers. This review describes a range of methodologies to measure redox state-related parameters, their strengths, and their limitations. In conclusion, all these techniques are valid and none of them can be replaced by another. Indeed, they have the potential to complement each other for a complete evaluation of the redox state of a given sample.
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14
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Wu Y, Liu L, Lv S, Wang Y, Wang S, Wang S, Zhang J, Wang J. Pyrrolidine Dithiocarbamate Might Mitigate Radiation-Induced Heart Damage at an Early Stage in Rats. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:832045. [PMID: 35392554 PMCID: PMC8981468 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.832045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Radiation-induced heart damage (RIHD) is becoming an increasing concern due to offsetting clinical benefits of radiotherapy to a certain extent. Pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) as an antioxidant has been implicated in cardioprotective effects. We aimed to investigate whether pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate could attenuate heart damage at an early stage post-irradiation and unveil the potential mechanisms. Methods: A total of 15 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into the control, irradiation (IR), and PDTC plus irradiation (PDTC + IR) groups. Hearts were irradiated with a single fraction of 20.0 Gy. Rats received daily intraperitoneal injection of PDTC for 14 days. At the 14th day post-irradiation, echocardiography was performed, and rats were killed. Morphological damage was examined by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) stain and Masson's trichrome stain. The collagen volume fraction (CVF) was applied for semi-quantitative analysis. The protein levels were analyzed by Western blot and mRNA levels by quantitative real-time PCR. Results: No significant damage to systolic function of left ventricular was induced at an early stage post-irradiation. HE staining of cardiac tissue showed that the disordered arrangement of myocardial cells and abnormal cell infiltration were alleviated in the PDTC + IR group. The increased CVF in the irradiation group was inhibited in the PDTC + IR group (22.05 ± 2.64% vs. 9.99 ± 1.65%, p < 0.05). The protein levels of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), and COL-1 were downregulated after treatment with PDTC (p < 0.05), and there was a declining trend in the protein of the connective tissue growth factor (CTGF). The mRNA expression of NF-κB and HIF-1α in the PDTC plus irradiation group was lower than that in the irradiation group (p < 0.05), and there was a declining trend in the mRNA expression of the connective tissue growth factor and COL-1. Conclusion: PDTC alleviates myocardial cell disordered arrangement, abnormal cell infiltration, and pro-fibrotic change at an early stage in rats with radiation-induced heart damage. Such a protective effect is closely associated with the downregulation of NF-κB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lina Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shengliang Lv
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jiandong Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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15
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Antonelou M, Evans RDR, Henderson SR, Salama AD. Neutrophils are key mediators in crescentic glomerulonephritis and targets for new therapeutic approaches. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2022; 37:230-238. [PMID: 33057680 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfaa206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Crescentic glomerulonephritis (CGN) results from a diverse set of diseases associated with immune dysregulation and the breakdown of self-tolerance to a wide range of autoantigens, some known and some that remain unknown. Experimental data demonstrate that neutrophils have an important role in the pathogenesis of CGN. Upon activation, neutrophils generate reactive oxygen species, release serine proteases and form neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), all of which can induce direct tissue damage. In addition, serine proteases such as myeloperoxidase and proteinase 3, presented on NETs, can be processed and recognized as autoantigens, leading to the generation and maintenance of autoimmune responses in susceptible individuals. The basis of the specificity of autoimmune responses in different patients to NET proteins is unclear, but relates at least in part to differences in human leucocyte antigen expression. Conditions associated with CGN are often characterized by aberrant neutrophil activation and NETosis and, in some, impaired NET degradation. Targeting neutrophil degranulation and NETosis is now possible using a variety of novel compounds and may provide a promising therapeutic alternative to glucocorticoid use, which has been a mainstay of management in CGN for decades and is associated with significant adverse effects. In this review, we discuss the evidence supporting the role of neutrophils in the development of CGN and the pathways identified in neutrophil degranulation and NETosis that may translate to novel therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilina Antonelou
- University College London, Department of Renal Medicine, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
| | - Rhys D R Evans
- University College London, Department of Renal Medicine, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
| | - Scott R Henderson
- University College London, Department of Renal Medicine, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
| | - Alan D Salama
- University College London, Department of Renal Medicine, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
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16
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Ernst O, Sun J, Lin B, Banoth B, Dorrington MG, Liang J, Schwarz B, Stromberg KA, Katz S, Vayttaden SJ, Bradfield CJ, Slepushkina N, Rice CM, Buehler E, Khillan JS, McVicar DW, Bosio CM, Bryant CE, Sutterwala FS, Martin SE, Lal-Nag M, Fraser IDC. A genome-wide screen uncovers multiple roles for mitochondrial nucleoside diphosphate kinase D in inflammasome activation. Sci Signal 2021; 14:14/694/eabe0387. [PMID: 34344832 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abe0387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Noncanonical inflammasome activation by cytosolic lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a critical component of the host response to Gram-negative bacteria. Cytosolic LPS recognition in macrophages is preceded by a Toll-like receptor (TLR) priming signal required to induce transcription of inflammasome components and facilitate the metabolic reprograming that fuels the inflammatory response. Using a genome-scale arrayed siRNA screen to find inflammasome regulators in mouse macrophages, we identified the mitochondrial enzyme nucleoside diphosphate kinase D (NDPK-D) as a regulator of both noncanonical and canonical inflammasomes. NDPK-D was required for both mitochondrial DNA synthesis and cardiolipin exposure on the mitochondrial surface in response to inflammasome priming signals mediated by TLRs, and macrophages deficient in NDPK-D had multiple defects in LPS-induced inflammasome activation. In addition, NDPK-D was required for the recruitment of TNF receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) to mitochondria, which was critical for reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and the metabolic reprogramming that supported the TLR-induced gene program. NDPK-D knockout mice were protected from LPS-induced shock, consistent with decreased ROS production and attenuated glycolytic commitment during priming. Our findings suggest that, in response to microbial challenge, NDPK-D-dependent TRAF6 mitochondrial recruitment triggers an energetic fitness checkpoint required to engage and maintain the transcriptional program necessary for inflammasome activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orna Ernst
- Signaling Systems Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jing Sun
- Signaling Systems Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Bin Lin
- Signaling Systems Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Balaji Banoth
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Michael G Dorrington
- Signaling Systems Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jonathan Liang
- Signaling Systems Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.,Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK
| | - Benjamin Schwarz
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA
| | - Kaitlin A Stromberg
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA
| | - Samuel Katz
- Signaling Systems Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.,Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK
| | - Sharat J Vayttaden
- Signaling Systems Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Clinton J Bradfield
- Signaling Systems Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Nadia Slepushkina
- The Trans-NIH RNAi Facility, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, NIH, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Christopher M Rice
- Laboratory of Cancer Immunometabolism, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Eugen Buehler
- The Trans-NIH RNAi Facility, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, NIH, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Jaspal S Khillan
- Mouse Genetics and Gene Modification Section, Comparative Medicine Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Daniel W McVicar
- Laboratory of Cancer Immunometabolism, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Catharine M Bosio
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA
| | - Clare E Bryant
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK
| | - Fayyaz S Sutterwala
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Scott E Martin
- The Trans-NIH RNAi Facility, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, NIH, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Madhu Lal-Nag
- The Trans-NIH RNAi Facility, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, NIH, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Iain D C Fraser
- Signaling Systems Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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17
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Trevelin SC, Sag CM, Zhang M, Alves-Filho JC, Cunha TM, dos Santos CX, Sawyer G, Murray T, Brewer A, Laurindo FRM, Protti A, Lopes LR, Ivetic A, Cunha FQ, Shah AM. Endothelial Nox2 Limits Systemic Inflammation and Hypotension in Endotoxemia by Controlling Expression of Toll-Like Receptor 4. Shock 2021; 56:268-277. [PMID: 34276040 PMCID: PMC8284354 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Leukocyte Nox2 is recognized to have a fundamental microbicidal function in sepsis but the specific role of Nox2 in endothelial cells (EC) remains poorly elucidated. Here, we tested the hypothesis that endothelial Nox2 participates in the pathogenesis of systemic inflammation and hypotension induced by LPS. LPS was injected intravenously in mice with Tie2-targeted deficiency or transgenic overexpression of Nox2. Mice with Tie2-targeted Nox2 deficiency had increased circulating levels of TNF-α, enhanced numbers of neutrophils trapped in lungs, and aggravated hypotension after LPS injection, as compared to control LPS-injected animals. In contrast, Tie2-driven Nox2 overexpression attenuated inflammation and prevented the hypotension induced by LPS. Because Tie2-Cre targets both EC and myeloid cells we generated bone marrow chimeric mice with Nox2 deletion restricted to leukocytes or ECs. Mice deficient in Nox2 either in leukocytes or ECs had reduced LPS-induced neutrophil trapping in the lungs and lower plasma TNF-α levels as compared to control LPS-injected mice. However, the pronounced hypotensive response to LPS was present only in mice with EC-specific Nox2 deletion. Experiments in vitro with human vein or aortic endothelial cells (HUVEC and HAEC, respectively) treated with LPS revealed that EC Nox2 controls NF-κB activation and the transcription of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), which is the recognition receptor for LPS. In conclusion, these results suggest that endothelial Nox2 limits NF-κB activation and TLR4 expression, which in turn attenuates the severity of hypotension and systemic inflammation induced by LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Cellone Trevelin
- King's College London, British Heart Foundation Centre for Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, London, UK
| | - Can Martin Sag
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Min Zhang
- King's College London, British Heart Foundation Centre for Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, London, UK
| | - José Carlos Alves-Filho
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Thiago Mattar Cunha
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Célio Xavier dos Santos
- King's College London, British Heart Foundation Centre for Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, London, UK
| | - Greta Sawyer
- King's College London, British Heart Foundation Centre for Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, London, UK
| | - Thomas Murray
- King's College London, British Heart Foundation Centre for Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, London, UK
| | - Alison Brewer
- King's College London, British Heart Foundation Centre for Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, London, UK
| | | | - Andrea Protti
- King's College London, British Heart Foundation Centre for Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, London, UK
| | - Lucia Rossetti Lopes
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aleksandar Ivetic
- King's College London, British Heart Foundation Centre for Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, London, UK
| | - Fernando Queiroz Cunha
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Ajay M. Shah
- King's College London, British Heart Foundation Centre for Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, London, UK
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18
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Moghadam ZM, Henneke P, Kolter J. From Flies to Men: ROS and the NADPH Oxidase in Phagocytes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:628991. [PMID: 33842458 PMCID: PMC8033005 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.628991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The cellular formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) represents an evolutionary ancient antimicrobial defense system against microorganisms. The NADPH oxidases (NOX), which are predominantly localized to endosomes, and the electron transport chain in mitochondria are the major sources of ROS. Like any powerful immunological process, ROS formation has costs, in particular collateral tissue damage of the host. Moreover, microorganisms have developed defense mechanisms against ROS, an example for an arms race between species. Thus, although NOX orthologs have been identified in organisms as diverse as plants, fruit flies, rodents, and humans, ROS functions have developed and diversified to affect a multitude of cellular properties, i.e., far beyond direct antimicrobial activity. Here, we focus on the development of NOX in phagocytic cells, where the so-called respiratory burst in phagolysosomes contributes to the elimination of ingested microorganisms. Yet, NOX participates in cellular signaling in a cell-intrinsic and -extrinsic manner, e.g., via the release of ROS into the extracellular space. Accordingly, in humans, the inherited deficiency of NOX components is characterized by infections with bacteria and fungi and a seemingly independently dysregulated inflammatory response. Since ROS have both antimicrobial and immunomodulatory properties, their tight regulation in space and time is required for an efficient and well-balanced immune response, which allows for the reestablishment of tissue homeostasis. In addition, distinct NOX homologs expressed by non-phagocytic cells and mitochondrial ROS are interlinked with phagocytic NOX functions and thus affect the overall redox state of the tissue and the cellular activity in a complex fashion. Overall, the systematic and comparative analysis of cellular ROS functions in organisms of lower complexity provides clues for understanding the contribution of ROS and ROS deficiency to human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Mansoori Moghadam
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Henneke
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Julia Kolter
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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19
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Cheng W, Lu J, Wang B, Sun L, Zhu B, Zhou F, Ding Z. Inhibition of inflammation-induced injury and cell migration by coelonin and militarine in PM 2.5-exposed human lung alveolar epithelial A549 cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 896:173931. [PMID: 33549578 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.173931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating studies suggest that fine particulate matter (PM2.5) pollutants in the air are easily enter into alveoli and even the bloodstream, resulting in an inflammatory response that not only triggers respiratory disorders but also causes permanent damage to various organs. Recent findings suggest that coelonin and militarine enriched in orchids can inhibit inflammation-induced injury against respiratory diseases. Here, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory properties of coelonin and militarine and examined their underlying molecular mechanisms in A549 cells exposed to PM2.5. PM2.5 induced significant intracellular reactive oxidative stress accumulation at a concentration of 250 μg/ml, as determined using the dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) fluorescence assay. Cell viability was assessed via the MTS assay to determine the concentrations of compounds appropriate for use in subsequent experiments. Data from the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) showed that both coelonin (10 and 20 μg/ml) and militarine (5 and 10 μg/ml) mitigated PM2.5-induced inflammation by reducing the generation of inflammatory factors, including interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis revealed a remarkable decrease in IL-6, TNF-α, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) mRNA levels in the coelonin and militarine-pretreated groups. In Western blot analysis, expression of inhibitor of NF-κB (IκBα) protein in the coelonin and militarine pretreatment groups was significantly increased compared with the PM2.5 (only) treatment group (P < 0.05), concomitant with a significant decrease in phospho-IκB kinase β/IκB kinase β (p-IKKβ/IKKβ), phospho-nuclear factor of kappa B p65/nuclear factor of kappa B p65 (p-NF-κBp65/NF-κBp65) and COX-2 proteins (P < 0.05). Both coelonin and militarine inhibited migration and inflammation by suppressing PM2.5-induced IKK phosphorylation, and followed by IκBα protein degradation and NF-κB activation. Our collective data strongly supported the utility of coelonin and militarine as novel sources for development of treatments for PM2.5-induced lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Cheng
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No.548, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Lu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No.548, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Bixu Wang
- College of Medical Technology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No.548, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Sun
- College of Medical Technology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No.548, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingqi Zhu
- College of Medical Technology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No.548, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangmei Zhou
- College of Medical Technology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No.548, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhishan Ding
- College of Medical Technology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No.548, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
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Han W, Fessel JP, Sherrill T, Kocurek EG, Yull FE, Blackwell TS. Enhanced Expression of Catalase in Mitochondria Modulates NF-κB-Dependent Lung Inflammation through Alteration of Metabolic Activity in Macrophages. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2020; 205:1125-1134. [PMID: 32601098 PMCID: PMC7415609 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
NF-κB is a reduction-oxidation-sensitive transcription factor that plays a key role in regulating the immune response. In these studies, we intended to investigate the role of mitochondrial-derived reactive oxygen species in regulating NF-κB activation by studying transgenic mice that overexpress mitochondrial-targeted human catalase (mCAT). We treated wild-type (WT) and mCAT mice with intratracheal instillation of Escherichia coli LPS and found that mCAT mice had exaggerated NF-κB activation in the lungs, increased neutrophilic alveolitis, and greater lung inflammation/injury compared with WT mice. Additional studies using bone marrow chimeras revealed that this hyperinflammatory phenotype was mediated by immune/inflammatory cells. Mechanistic studies using bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) showed that LPS treatment induced a sustained increase in NF-κB activation and expression of NF-κB-dependent inflammatory mediators in mCAT BMDMs compared with WT BMDMs. Further investigations showed that cytoplasmic, but not mitochondrial, hydrogen peroxide levels were reduced in LPS-treated mCAT BMDMs. However, mCAT macrophages exhibited increased glycolytic and oxidative metabolism, coupled with increased ATP production and an increased intracellular NADH/NAD+ ratio compared with BMDMs from WT mice. Treatment of BMDMs with lactate increased the intracellular NADH/NAD+ ratio and upregulated NF-κB activation after LPS treatment, whereas treatment with a potent inhibitor of the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (UK5099) decreased the NADH/NAD+ ratio and reduced NF-κB activation. Taken together, these findings point to an increased availability of reducing equivalents in the form of NADH as an important mechanism by which metabolic activity modulates inflammatory signaling through the NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Han
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Joshua P Fessel
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Taylor Sherrill
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Emily G Kocurek
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Fiona E Yull
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Timothy S Blackwell
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232;
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232; and
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37212
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21
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Husain M, Becker EJ, Bone NB, Schmitt A, Pittet JF, Zmijewski JW. NOX2 decoy peptides disrupt trauma-mediated neutrophil immunosuppression and protect against lethal peritonitis. Redox Biol 2020; 36:101651. [PMID: 32771683 PMCID: PMC7415417 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Trauma and sepsis are frequent causes of immunosuppression and risk of secondary bacterial infections and mortality among critically ill patients. Reduced activity of neutrophil NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) and impaired bacterial killing are among the major indices of immunosuppression. We hypothesize that NOX2-decoy peptides disrupt the inhibition of neutrophil NOX2 by plasma of patients with severe trauma and immunosuppression, thereby preserving the neutrophil respiratory burst that is a central antimicrobial mechanism. We demonstrate that plasma from trauma/hemorrhage (T/H) patients, but not healthy donors (HD), significantly reduced the activity of neutrophil NOX2 and impaired bacterial killing. The inhibitory action of plasma was associated with an increase in bacterial infections among trauma survivors. High Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1) is a mediator of lethality in trauma and sepsis and our mechanistic studies revealed that disulfide and oxidized forms of HMGB1 bind to the gp91phox subunit of NOX2, and thus decrease the neutrophil respiratory burst and bacterial killing. NOX2 decoy Anti-Immunosuppression (Ai) Peptides 1 and 3 effectively disrupted the immunosuppressive action of T/H plasma. HMGB1 selectively binds to Ai-Peptide 3, supporting the possibility for direct interaction between HMGB1 and the third external loop of gp91phox. In vivo, Ai-Peptides improved survival of mice subjected to lethal peritonitis. Taken together, plasma-dependent inhibition of neutrophil NOX2 appeared to be a suitable indicator of immunosuppression in patients with severe trauma. Given that gp91phox decoys protected the neutrophil respiratory burst, selected Ai-Peptides have therapeutic potential to reduce bacterial infections and end-organ injury associated with sepsis/trauma-induced immunosuppression. Plasma-induced neutrophil dysfunction is linked to immunosuppression in trauma. HMGB1 are among relevant mediators of neutrophil immunosuppression. NOX2 decoy peptides improved survival of mice with intraperitoneal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maroof Husain
- Department of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, 35294-0012, USA
| | | | | | - Amy Schmitt
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294-0012, USA
| | - Jean-Francois Pittet
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294-0012, USA
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Kuai Y, Liu H, Liu D, Liu Y, Sun Y, Xie J, Sun J, Fang Y, Pan H, Han W. An ultralow dose of the NADPH oxidase inhibitor diphenyleneiodonium (DPI) is an economical and effective therapeutic agent for the treatment of colitis-associated colorectal cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:6743-6757. [PMID: 32550901 PMCID: PMC7295061 DOI: 10.7150/thno.43938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term inflammatory stimulation is considered one of the most important causes of colorectal cancer. Diphenyleneiodonium (DPI), an NADPH oxidase inhibitor, can inhibit a variety of inflammatory responses. However, the systemic toxicity of DPI limits its clinical application. Whether DPI can inhibit colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC) at ultralow concentrations remains unknown. Methods: CAC was induced by azoxymethane (AOM) injection followed by treatment with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS), and DPI was intraperitoneally injected (i.p.) in the first cycle for 21 days. Colon tissue was collected and analyzed by western blotting. Immune cell infiltration and macrophage polarization were examined by immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, or real-time polymerase-chain reaction (PCR). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was measured by flow cytometry. Results: Ultralow dose DPI significantly ameliorated the DSS-induced colitis and attenuated the colon tumorigenesis in the mouse model of AOM/ DSS-induced CAC. Mechanistically, an ultralow dose of DPI inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, (tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6), reduced the macrophage infiltration and classical polarization, and induced the ROS generation. These effects were found to be related to the inhibition of the phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and nuclear factor kappa B (NF -κB). Conclusion: The present study revealed that an ultralow dose of DPI, with no significant systemic toxicity involved, may be an effective way to prevent the occurrence and development of CAC.
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Thimmulappa RK, Chattopadhyay I, Rajasekaran S. Oxidative Stress Mechanisms in the Pathogenesis of Environmental Lung Diseases. OXIDATIVE STRESS IN LUNG DISEASES 2019. [PMCID: PMC7120104 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-32-9366-3_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Globally, respiratory diseases are major cause of disability and mortality, and more alarmingly, it disproportionately affects developing countries, which is largely attributed to poor quality of air. Tobacco smoke and emissions from combustion of fossil fuel and biomass fuel are the major airborne pollutants affecting human lung health. Oxidative stress is the dominant driving force by which the airborne pollutants exert their toxicity in lungs and cause respiratory diseases. Most airborne pollutants are associated with intrinsic oxidative potential and, additionally, stimulate endogenous production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). Elevated ROS and RNS in lungs modulate redox signals and cause irreversible damage to critical biomolecules (lipids, proteins and DNA) and initiate various pathogenic cellular process. This chapter provides an insight into oxidative stress-linked pathogenic cellular process such as lipid peroxidation, inflammation, cell death, mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum stress, epigenetic changes, profibrotic signals and mucus hypersecretion, which drive the development and progression of lung diseases. Lungs are associated with robust enzymatic and non-enzymatic (GSH, ascorbic acid, uric acid, vitamin E) antioxidant defences. However, sustained production of free radicals due to continuous exposures to airborne pollutants overwhelms lung antioxidant defences and causes oxidative injury. Preclinical studies have demonstrated the critical roles and therapeutic potential of upregulating lung antioxidants for intervention of respiratory diseases; however, so far clinical benefits in antioxidant supplementation trials have been minimal and conflicting. Antioxidants alone may not be effective in treatment of respiratory diseases; however it could be a promising adjunctive therapy.
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Distinct Redox Signalling following Macrophage Activation Influences Profibrotic Activity. J Immunol Res 2019; 2019:1278301. [PMID: 31815149 PMCID: PMC6877990 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1278301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims To date, the ROS-generating capacities of macrophages in different activation states have not been thoroughly compared. This study is aimed at determining the nature and levels of ROS generated following stimulation with common activators of M1 and M2 macrophages and investigating the potential for this to impact fibrosis. Results Human primary and THP-1 macrophages were treated with IFN-γ+LPS or IL-4-activating stimuli, and mRNA expression of established M1 (CXCL11, CCR7, IL-1β) and M2 (MRC-1, CCL18, CCL22) markers was used to confirm activation. Superoxide generation was assessed by L-012-enhanced chemiluminescence and was increased in both M(IFN-γ+LPS) and M(IL-4) macrophages, as compared to unpolarised macrophages (MΦ). This signal was attenuated with NOX2 siRNA. Increased expression of the p47phox and p67phox subunits of the NOX2 oxidase complex was evident in M(IFN-γ+LPS) and M(IL-4) macrophages, respectively. Amplex Red and DCF fluorescence assays detected increased hydrogen peroxide generation following stimulation with IL-4, but not IFN-γ+LPS. Coculture with human aortic adventitial fibroblasts revealed that M(IL-4), but not M(IFN-γ+LPS), enhanced fibroblast collagen 1 protein expression. Macrophage pretreatment with the hydrogen peroxide scavenger, PEG-catalase, attenuated this effect. Conclusion We show that superoxide generation is not only enhanced with stimuli associated with M1 macrophage activation but also with the M2 stimulus IL-4. Macrophages activated with IL-4 also exhibited enhanced hydrogen peroxide generation which in turn increased aortic fibroblast collagen production. Thus, M2 macrophage-derived ROS is identified as a potentially important contributor to aortic fibrosis.
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Metformin Activates the Protective Effects of the AMPK Pathway in Acute Lung Injury Caused by Paraquat Poisoning. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:1709718. [PMID: 31781324 PMCID: PMC6875205 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1709718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Objective To observe whether metformin (MET) plays a protective role in acute lung injury (ALI) induced by paraquat (PQ) poisoning in rats by activating the AMPK/NF-κB signaling pathway. Methods PQ exposure was used to construct a rat model of ALI and a model of acute type II alveolar epithelial cell (RLE-6TN) injury, and MET intervention was performed. Rat lung tissue samples were collected to evaluate pathological changes in rat lung tissue, the oxidation index, and inflammatory factors; cell viability was detected by CCK-8 assays, and the protein expression levels of phospho-AMPK and phospho-NF-κBp65 in rat lung tissue and RLE-6TN cells were observed by Western blotting. Results Compared with the PQ group, the MET treatment group showed significantly (1) reduced lung wet/dry ratio (W/D: 4.67 ± 0.31 vs. 5.45 ± 0.40, P < 0.001), (2) reduced pathological changes in lung tissue, (3) decreased MDA levels (nmol/mg prot: 2.70 ± 0.19 vs. 3.08 ± 0.15, P < 0.001) and increased SOD and GSH-Px activities (U/mg prot: 76.17 ± 5.22 vs. 45.23 ± 6.58, 30.40 ± 2.84 vs. 21.00 ± 3.20; all P < 0.001) in lung tissue homogenate, (4) reduced levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in lung tissue homogenates (pg/mL: 47.87 ± 5.06 vs. 66.77 ± 6.55; 93.03 ± 7.41 vs. 107.39 ± 9.81; 75.73 ± 6.08 vs. 89.12 ± 8.94; all P < 0.001), (5) increased activity of RLE-6TN cells (%: 0.69 ± 0.09, 0.76 ± 0.06, and 0.58 ± 0.03 vs. 0.50 ± 0.05; all P < 0.05), (6) decreased protein levels of phospho-NF-κBp65 in lung homogenates and RLE-6TN cells (p-NF-κB/NF-κB: 0.47 ± 0.09 vs. 0.81 ± 0.13; 0.26 ± 0.07 vs. 0.79 ± 0.13; all P < 0.01), and (7) upregulated protein expression of phospho-AMPK in lung homogenates and RLE-6TN cells (p-AMPK/AMPK: 0.88 ± 0.05 vs. 0.36 ± 0.12; 0.93 ± 0.03 vs. 0.56 ± 0.15; all P < 0.01). After the addition of the AMPK inhibitor Compound C (Com C), the protein expression levels of phospho-AMPK and phospho-NF-κBp65 returned to baseline. Conclusion MET can effectively alleviate ALI induced by paraquat poisoning and increase the viability of cells exposed to paraquat. The mechanism may be related to the activation of the AMPK/NF-κB pathway, downregulation of inflammatory mediators such as IL-6 and TNF-α, and upregulation of the SOD and GSH-Px oxidation index, and these effects can be inhibited by the AMPK inhibitor Com C.
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Mayorov V, Uchakin P, Amarnath V, Panov AV, Bridges CC, Uzhachenko R, Zackert B, Moore CS, Davies S, Dikalova A, Dikalov S. Targeting of reactive isolevuglandins in mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation. Redox Biol 2019; 26:101300. [PMID: 31437812 PMCID: PMC6831880 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in Western societies. Despite use of multiple drugs, both chronic and acute inflammation still represent major health burdens. Inflammation produces highly reactive dicarbonyl lipid peroxidation products such as isolevuglandins which covalently modify and cross-link proteins via lysine residues. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been associated with inflammation; however, its molecular mechanisms and pathophysiological role are still obscure. We hypothesized that inflammation-induced isolevuglandins contribute to mitochondrial dysfunction and mortality. To test this hypothesis, we have (a) investigated the mitochondrial dysfunction in response to synthetic 15-E2-isolevuglandin (IsoLG) and its adducts; (b) developed a new mitochondria-targeted scavenger of isolevuglandins by conjugating 2-hydroxybenzylamine to the lipophilic cation triphenylphosphonium, (4-(4-aminomethyl)-3-hydroxyphenoxy)butyl)-triphenylphosphonium (mito2HOBA); (c) tested if mito2HOBA protects from mitochondrial dysfunction and mortality using a lipopolysaccharide model of inflammation. Acute exposure to either IsoLG or IsoLG adducts with lysine, ethanolamine or phosphatidylethanolamine inhibits mitochondrial respiration and attenuates Complex I activity. Complex II function was much more resistant to IsoLG. We confirmed that mito2HOBA markedly accumulates in isolated mitochondria and it is highly reactive with IsoLGs. To test the role of mitochondrial IsoLGs, we studied the therapeutic potential of mito2HOBA in lipopolysaccharide mouse model of sepsis. Mito2HOBA supplementation in drinking water (0.1 g/L) to lipopolysaccharide treated mice increased survival by 3-fold, improved complex I-mediated respiration, and histopathological analyses supported mito2HOBA-mediated protection of renal cortex from cell injury. These data support the role of mitochondrial IsoLG in mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation. We conclude that reducing mitochondrial IsoLGs may be a promising therapeutic target in inflammation and conditions associated with mitochondrial oxidative stress and dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter Uchakin
- Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, GA, USA
| | | | - Alexander V Panov
- Institute of Molecular Biology & Biophysics, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | | | | | - Bill Zackert
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Sean Davies
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Anna Dikalova
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sergey Dikalov
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
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27
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汤 托, 王 胜, 蔡 田, 程 振, 齐 世, 戚 之. [Calenduloside E inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory response by inhibiting activation of ROS-mediated JAK1-stat3 signaling pathway in RAW264.7 cells]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2019; 39:904-910. [PMID: 31511209 PMCID: PMC6765601 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2019.08.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of calenduloside E on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory response in RAW264.7 cells and explore the underlying molecular mechanism. METHODS CCK-8 assay was used to examine the effect of different concentrations of calenduloside E (0-30 μg/mL) on the viability of RAW264.7 cells. The release of the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in RAW264.7 cells in response to pretreatment with 6, 8, and 10 μg/mL calenduloside E for 2 h followed by stimulation with 100 ng/mL LPS was detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The expression levels of iNOS and COX-2 and the activation of JAK-stats, MAPKs and NF-кB signaling pathways in the treated cells were determined using Western blotting. A reactive oxygen species (ROS) detection kit was used to detect ROS production in the cells, and the nuclear translocation of the transcription factor stat3 was observed by laser confocal microscopy. RESULTS Calenduloside E below 20 μg/mL did not significantly affect the viability of RAW264.7 cells. Calenduloside E dose-dependently decreased the expression levels of iNOS and COX-2 induced by LPS, inhibited LPS-induced release of TNF-α and IL-1β, and suppressed LPS-induced JAK1-stat3 signaling pathway activation and stat3 nuclear translocation. Calenduloside E also significantly reduced ROS production induced by LPS in RAW264.7 cells. CONCLUSIONS Calenduloside E inhibits LPS-induced inflammatory response by blocking ROS-mediated activation of JAK1-stat3 signaling pathway in RAW264.7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- 托 汤
- 皖南医学院生物化学与分子生物学教研室,安徽 芜湖 241002Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
- 皖南医学院生物化学与分子生物学教研室,安徽 芜湖 241002Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Active Biological Macro-molecules, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - 胜男 王
- 皖南医学院生物化学与分子生物学教研室,安徽 芜湖 241002Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
- 皖南医学院生物化学与分子生物学教研室,安徽 芜湖 241002Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Active Biological Macro-molecules, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - 田雨 蔡
- 皖南医学院生物化学与分子生物学教研室,安徽 芜湖 241002Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Active Biological Macro-molecules, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - 振宇 程
- 皖南医学院生物化学与分子生物学教研室,安徽 芜湖 241002Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Active Biological Macro-molecules, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - 世美 齐
- 皖南医学院生物化学与分子生物学教研室,安徽 芜湖 241002Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
- 皖南医学院生物化学与分子生物学教研室,安徽 芜湖 241002Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Active Biological Macro-molecules, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - 之琳 戚
- 皖南医学院生物化学与分子生物学教研室,安徽 芜湖 241002Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
- 皖南医学院生物化学与分子生物学教研室,安徽 芜湖 241002Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Active Biological Macro-molecules, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
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28
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Nauseef WM. The phagocyte NOX2 NADPH oxidase in microbial killing and cell signaling. Curr Opin Immunol 2019; 60:130-140. [PMID: 31302569 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The phagocyte NADPH oxidase possesses a transmembrane electron transferase comprised of gp91phox (aka NOX2) and p22phox and two multicomponent cytosolic complexes, which in stimulated phagocytes translocate to assemble a functional enzyme complex at plasma or phagosomal membranes. The NOX2-centered NADPH oxidase shuttles electrons from cytoplasmic NADPH to molecular oxygen in phagosomes or the extracellular space to produce oxidants that support optimal antimicrobial activity by phagocytes. Additionally, NOX2-generated oxidants have been implicated in both autocrine and paracrine signaling in a variety of biological contexts. However, when interpreting experimental results, investigators must recognize the complexity inherent in the biochemistry of oxidant-mediated attack of microbial targets and the technical limitations of the probes currently used to detect intracellular oxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- William M Nauseef
- Inflammation Program, Department of Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 501 EMRB, 431 Newton Road, Iowa City, IA 52242-1101, United States.
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29
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Komegae EN, Fonseca MT, da Silveira Cruz-Machado S, Turato WM, Filgueiras LR, Markus RP, Steiner AA. Site-Specific Reprogramming of Macrophage Responsiveness to Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide in Obesity. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1496. [PMID: 31316525 PMCID: PMC6611339 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms by which obesity may alter immune responses to pathogens are poorly understood. The present study assessed whether the intrinsic responsiveness of resident macrophages to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is reprogrammed in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity. Macrophages from adipose tissue, lung alveoli, and the peritoneal cavity were extracted from obese rats on a HFD or from their lean counterparts, and subsequently studied in culture under identical conditions. CD45+/CD68+ cells (macrophages) were abundant in all cultures, and became the main producers of TNF-α upon LPS stimulation. But although all macrophage subpopulations responded to LPS with an M1-like profile of cytokine secretion, the TNF-α/IL-10 ratio was the lowest in adipose tissue macrophages, the highest in alveolar macrophages, and intermediary in peritoneal macrophages. What is more, diet exerted qualitatively distinct effects on the cytokine responses to LPS, with obesity switching adipose tissue macrophages to a more pro-inflammatory program and peritoneal macrophages to a less pro-inflammatory program, while not affecting alveolar macrophages. Such reprogramming was not associated with changes in the inflammasome-dependent secretion of IL-1β. The study further shows that the effects of diet on TNF-α/IL-10 ratios were linked to distinct patterns of NF-κB accumulation in the nucleus: while RelA was the NF-κB subunit most impacted by obesity in adipose tissue macrophages, cRel was the subunit affected in peritoneal macrophages. It is concluded that obesity causes dissimilar, site-specific changes in the responsiveness of resident macrophages to bacterial LPS. Such plasticity opens new avenues of investigation into the mechanisms linking obesity to pathogen-induced immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evilin N Komegae
- Neuroimmunology of Sepsis Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Monique T Fonseca
- Neuroimmunology of Sepsis Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Walter M Turato
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciano R Filgueiras
- Neuroimmunology of Sepsis Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Regina P Markus
- Laboratory of Chronopharmacology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexandre A Steiner
- Neuroimmunology of Sepsis Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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30
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Newsholme P, Keane KN, Carlessi R, Cruzat V. Oxidative stress pathways in pancreatic β-cells and insulin-sensitive cells and tissues: importance to cell metabolism, function, and dysfunction. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2019; 317:C420-C433. [PMID: 31216193 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00141.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
It is now accepted that nutrient abundance in the blood, especially glucose, leads to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), ultimately leading to increased oxidative stress in a variety of tissues. In the absence of an appropriate compensatory response from antioxidant mechanisms, the cell, or indeed the tissue, becomes overwhelmed by oxidative stress, leading to the activation of intracellular stress-associated pathways. Activation of the same or similar pathways also appears to play a role in mediating insulin resistance, impaired insulin secretion, and late diabetic complications. The ability of antioxidants to protect against the oxidative stress induced by hyperglycemia and elevated free fatty acid (FFA) levels in vitro suggests a causative role of oxidative stress in mediating the latter clinical conditions. In this review, we describe common biochemical processes associated with oxidative stress driven by hyperglycemia and/or elevated FFA and the resulting clinical outcomes: β-cell dysfunction and peripheral tissue insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Newsholme
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, and Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Kevin N Keane
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, and Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Rodrigo Carlessi
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, and Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Vinicius Cruzat
- Faculty of Health, Torrens University Australia, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Dinauer MC. Inflammatory consequences of inherited disorders affecting neutrophil function. Blood 2019; 133:2130-2139. [PMID: 30898864 PMCID: PMC6524563 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2018-11-844563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary immunodeficiencies affecting the function of neutrophils and other phagocytic leukocytes are notable for an increased susceptibility to bacterial and fungal infections as a result of impaired leukocyte recruitment, ingestion, and/or killing of microbes. The underlying molecular defects can also impact other innate immune responses to infectious and inflammatory stimuli, leading to inflammatory and autoimmune complications that are not always directly related to infection. This review will provide an update on congenital disorders affecting neutrophil function in which a combination of host defense and inflammatory complications are prominent, including nicotinamide dinucleotide phosphate oxidase defects in chronic granulomatous disease and β2 integrin defects in leukocyte adhesion deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary C Dinauer
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
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Zeng MY, Miralda I, Armstrong CL, Uriarte SM, Bagaitkar J. The roles of NADPH oxidase in modulating neutrophil effector responses. Mol Oral Microbiol 2019; 34:27-38. [PMID: 30632295 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils are phagocytic innate immune cells essential for killing bacteria via activation of a wide variety of effector responses and generation of large amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Majority of the ROS in neutrophils is generated by activation of the superoxide-generating enzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase. Independent of their anti-microbial function, NADPH oxidase-derived ROS have emerged as key regulators of host immune responses and neutrophilic inflammation. Data from patients with inherited defects in the NADPH oxidase subunit alleles that ablate its enzyme function as well as mouse models demonstrate profound dysregulation of host inflammatory responses, neutrophil hyper-activation and tissue damage in response to microbial ligands or tissue trauma. A large body of literature now demonstrates how oxidants function as essential signaling molecules that are essential for the regulation of neutrophil responses during priming, degranulation, neutrophil extracellular trap formation, and apoptosis, independent of their role in microbial killing. In this review we summarize how NADPH oxidase-derived oxidants modulate neutrophil function in a cell intrinsic manner and regulate host inflammatory responses. In addition, we summarize studies that have elucidated possible roles of oxidants in neutrophilic responses within the oral mucosa and periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melody Y Zeng
- Department of Pediatrics and Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York City, New York
| | - Irina Miralda
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Cortney L Armstrong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Silvia M Uriarte
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky.,Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Juhi Bagaitkar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky.,Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
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Sun Y, Liu J, Zhang X, Li X, Zhou B, Lv Z. Mechanisms involved in inflammatory pulmonary fibrosis induced by lunar dust simulant in rats. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2019; 34:131-140. [PMID: 30496634 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Lunar dust is one of the biggest risk factors in the future manned exploration mission. Much is not known about the pulmonary toxicity of lunar dust. The aim of this study was to evaluate the lung inflammation and oxidative stress induced by subacute exposure to lunar dust stimulant (LDS) in rats. Wistar rats were intratracheally administered LDS, twice a week for 3 weeks. Inflammatory cell counting and cytokine assays using bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were performed. Lung tissues were processed for histopathological examination and immunohistochemical staining. Biomarkers of oxidative stress and genes and proteins related to inflammation and fibrosis in lung tissue were also determined. The neutrophil count in the BALF of LDS-exposed groups was higher than that in controls (P < .05). LDS caused a significant increase in some of biochemical indicators and proinflammatory factors levels in BALF compared with control group. The normal balance between oxidation and antioxidation was broken by LDS. Pathological characteristics of lung tissue and immunohistochemical results for α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) indicated that inflammatory response was an extremely important passage to pulmonary fibrosis. Real-time PCR analysis showed elevated levels of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NOX) mRNA in the lungs (P < .05). Western blotting results were consistent with immunohistochemistry and qPCR results. These results indicate that inhalation of lunar dust may cause inflammatory pulmonary fibrosis. NOX4 may be a key potential therapeutic target for inflammatory injury and fibrosis in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Sun
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, China
- Lunar and Planetary Science Laboratory, MUST-Partner Laboratory of Key Laboratory of Lunar and Deep Space Exploration, CAS, Macau, China
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Jinguo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaoping Zhang
- Lunar and Planetary Science Laboratory, MUST-Partner Laboratory of Key Laboratory of Lunar and Deep Space Exploration, CAS, Macau, China
- Lunar and Planetary Science Laboratory, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Xiongyao Li
- Center for Lunar and Planetary Sciences, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, China
| | - Baichu Zhou
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, China
| | - Zengjing Lv
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, China
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35
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The microbiome and immunodeficiencies: Lessons from rare diseases. J Autoimmun 2019; 98:132-148. [PMID: 30704941 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2019.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs) are inherited disorders of the immune system, associated with a considerable increase in susceptibility to infections. PIDs can also predispose to malignancy, inflammation and autoimmunity. There is increasing awareness that some aspects of the immune dysregulation in PIDs may be linked to intestinal microbiota. Indeed, the gut microbiota and its metabolites have been shown to influence immune functions and immune homeostasis both locally and systemically. Recent studies have indicated that genetic defects causing PIDs lead to perturbations in the conventional mechanisms underlying homeostasis in the gut, resulting in poor immune surveillance at the intestinal barrier, which associates with altered intestinal permeability and bacterial translocation. Consistently, a substantial proportion of PID patients presents with clinically challenging IBD-like pathology. Here, we describe the current body of literature reporting on dysbiosis of the gut microbiota in different PIDs and how this can be either the result or cause of immune dysregulation. Further, we report how infections in PIDs enhance pathobionts colonization and speculate how, in turn, pathobionts may be responsible for increased disease susceptibility and secondary infections in these patients. The potential relationship between the microbial composition in the intestine and other sites, such as the oral cavity and skin, is also highlighted. Finally, we provide evidence, in preclinical models of PIDs, for the efficacy of microbiota manipulation to ameliorate disease complications, and suggest that the potential use of dietary intervention to correct dysbiotic flora in PID patients may hold promise.
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Ma Y, Tang T, Sheng L, Wang Z, Tao H, Zhang Q, Zhang Y, Qi Z. Aloin suppresses lipopolysaccharide‑induced inflammation by inhibiting JAK1‑STAT1/3 activation and ROS production in RAW264.7 cells. Int J Mol Med 2018; 42:1925-1934. [PMID: 30066904 PMCID: PMC6108888 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The anti-inflammatory effects of aloin, a bioactive ingredient extracted from Aloe vera, have been described previously. The present study aimed to assess these effects and explore the underlying molecular mechanisms. RAW264.7 cells were incubated with different doses of aloin (100, 150 and 200 µg/ml) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 100 ng/ml) for the indicated times. Then, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 expression levels were detected by western blot analysis and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The concentrations of inflammatory cytokines in the cell culture supernatant were determined by ELISA. Total nitric oxide (NO) assay and reactive oxygen species (ROS) kits were used to detect NO and ROS levels, respectively. Mitogen-activated protein kinase, nuclear factor κB and Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) pathway activation were verified by western blot analysis. Confocal and nucleocytoplasmic separation experiments were used to detect STAT nuclear translocation. It was identified that aloin decreased the level of LPS-induced iNOS expression, inhibiting the release of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumour necrosis factor-α and NO dose-dependently. Mechanistically, aloin suppressed LPS-induced JAK1-STAT1/3 activation and STAT1/3 nuclear translocation. Additionally, LPS-induced ROS production was inhibited by aloin. Collectively, these data suggest that aloin attenuated LPS-induced inflammation by inhibiting ROS-mediated activation of the JAK1-STAT1/3 signalling pathway, thereby inhibiting the nuclear translocation of STAT1/3 in RAW264.7 cells. The present study provides an experimental basis for the clinical application of aloin in inflammatory-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Ma
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Active Biological Macro‑Molecules, Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, P.R. China
| | - Tuo Tang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Active Biological Macro‑Molecules, Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, P.R. China
| | - Lili Sheng
- Department of Oncology, Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, P.R. China
| | - Ziqian Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Active Biological Macro‑Molecules, Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, P.R. China
| | - Hong Tao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Active Biological Macro‑Molecules, Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, P.R. China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Active Biological Macro‑Molecules, Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, P.R. China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Active Biological Macro‑Molecules, Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, P.R. China
| | - Zhilin Qi
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Active Biological Macro‑Molecules, Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, P.R. China
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37
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Emmerson A, Trevelin SC, Mongue-Din H, Becker PD, Ortiz C, Smyth LA, Peng Q, Elgueta R, Sawyer G, Ivetic A, Lechler RI, Lombardi G, Shah AM. Nox2 in regulatory T cells promotes angiotensin II-induced cardiovascular remodeling. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:3088-3101. [PMID: 29688896 PMCID: PMC6025997 DOI: 10.1172/jci97490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The superoxide-generating enzyme Nox2 contributes to hypertension and cardiovascular remodeling triggered by activation of the renin-angiotensin system. Multiple Nox2-expressing cells are implicated in angiotensin II-induced (Ang II-induced) pathophysiology, but the importance of Nox2 in leukocyte subsets is poorly understood. Here, we investigated the role of Nox2 in T cells, particularly Tregs. Mice globally deficient in Nox2 displayed increased numbers of Tregs in the heart at baseline, whereas Ang II-induced effector T cell (Teff) infiltration was inhibited. To investigate the role of Treg Nox2, we generated a mouse line with CD4-targeted Nox2 deficiency (Nox2fl/flCD4Cre+). These animals showed inhibition of Ang II-induced hypertension and cardiac remodeling related to increased tissue-resident Tregs and reduction in infiltrating Teffs, including Th17 cells. The protection in Nox2fl/flCD4Cre+ mice was reversed by anti-CD25 antibody depletion of Tregs. Mechanistically, Nox2-/y Tregs showed higher in vitro suppression of Teff proliferation than WT Tregs, increased nuclear levels of FoxP3 and NF-κB, and enhanced transcription of CD25, CD39, and CD73. Adoptive transfer of Tregs confirmed that Nox2-deficient cells had greater inhibitory effects on Ang II-induced heart remodeling than WT cells. These results identify a previously unrecognized role of Nox2 in modulating suppression of Tregs, which acts to enhance hypertension and cardiac remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber Emmerson
- King’s College London British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, London, United Kingdom
| | - Silvia Cellone Trevelin
- King’s College London British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, London, United Kingdom
| | - Heloise Mongue-Din
- King’s College London British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pablo D. Becker
- King’s College London, Medical Research Council Centre for Transplantation, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, London, United Kingdom
| | - Carla Ortiz
- King’s College London, Medical Research Council Centre for Transplantation, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lesley A. Smyth
- King’s College London, Medical Research Council Centre for Transplantation, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, London, United Kingdom
| | - Qi Peng
- King’s College London, Medical Research Council Centre for Transplantation, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, London, United Kingdom
| | - Raul Elgueta
- King’s College London, Medical Research Council Centre for Transplantation, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, London, United Kingdom
| | - Greta Sawyer
- King’s College London British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, London, United Kingdom
| | - Aleksandar Ivetic
- King’s College London British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robert I. Lechler
- King’s College London, Medical Research Council Centre for Transplantation, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, London, United Kingdom
| | - Giovanna Lombardi
- King’s College London, Medical Research Council Centre for Transplantation, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ajay M. Shah
- King’s College London British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, London, United Kingdom
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Using ROS as a Second Messenger, NADPH Oxidase 2 Mediates Macrophage Senescence via Interaction with NF- κB during Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infection. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:9741838. [PMID: 30050663 PMCID: PMC6040290 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9741838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) is one of the most prevalent pathogens that cause nosocomial infection in critical patients. However, the mechanisms underlying macrophage growth status and functional changes during PA infection are yet unknown. In the present study, NADPH oxidase, gp91phox (NOX2) mediated macrophage to senescence in a PAO1 colony-dependent manner. gp91phox might regulate the senescence process through mutual interaction with the NF-κB pathway. During infection, the overexpression or downregulation of gp91phox in macrophage could affect the nuclear activity of NF-κB p65, while the downregulation of NF-κB p65 led to a suppressed expression of gp91phox. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) served as the second messenger between both molecules as the ROS inhibitor, N-acetylcysteine (NAC), could partially restore these changes. Consequently, the level of ROS and inflammatory cytokines, including IL-6 and TNFα, elevated during PAO1 infection, and their production altered as a result of the genetic manipulation of gp91phox and NF-κB p65, as well as NAC treatment. Also, the senescent phenotypes, SA-β-gal staining and p16ink4a, changed after genetic manipulation with gp91phox and NF-κB p65 and NAC treatment. The capacity of phagocytosis in macrophages was decreased during senescence. In conclusion, PA directs the macrophage towards senescence, and senescent macrophages exhibit a decreased ability of phagocytosis. This process of senescence was regulated by the interactions between NADPH oxidase gp91phox and NF-κB p65 via ROS as a second messenger.
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Yang SC, Chen PJ, Chang SH, Weng YT, Chang FR, Chang KY, Chen CY, Kao TI, Hwang TL. Luteolin attenuates neutrophilic oxidative stress and inflammatory arthritis by inhibiting Raf1 activity. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 154:384-396. [PMID: 29883707 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils play a significant role in inflammatory tissue injury. Activated neutrophils produce reactive oxygen species (ROS), release proteases, and form neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), significantly affecting the pathogenesis of inflammatory arthritis. We examined the therapeutic effects of luteolin, a flavone found in many plants, in neutrophilic inflammation and on acute inflammatory arthritis. Luteolin significantly inhibited superoxide anion generation, ROS production, and NET formation in human neutrophils. The increase in elastase release, CD11b expression, and chemotaxis was also inhibited by luteolin. Luteolin significantly suppressed phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk) and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase-1 (MEK-1), but not c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). Analysis of the molecular mechanism further revealed that luteolin acts as a Raf-1 inhibitor. In mice with complete Freund's adjuvant-induced arthritis, luteolin ameliorated neutrophil infiltration as well as the thickness of paw edema and ROS production. In conclusion, in addition to its known ROS scavenging effect, this study is the first to provide evidence that luteolin diminishes human neutrophil inflammatory responses by inhibiting Raf1-MEK-1-Erk. Our results focused on the importance of neutrophil activation in inflammatory tissue injury and offer opportunities for the development of luteolin's therapeutic potential to attenuate neutrophilic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun-Chin Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital and National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Natural Products and Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Po-Jen Chen
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products and Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; Department of Cosmetic Science, Providence University, Taichung 433, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hsin Chang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products and Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Weng
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products and Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Rong Chang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Yi Chang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital and National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yu Chen
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products and Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Ting-I Kao
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products and Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; Division of Chinese Internal Medicine, Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Tsong-Long Hwang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products and Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; Chinese Herbal Medicine Research Team, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; Department of Chemical Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 243, Taiwan.
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40
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Kumar S, Gupta E, Kaushik S, Kumar Srivastava V, Mehta SK, Jyoti A. Evaluation of oxidative stress and antioxidant status: Correlation with the severity of sepsis. Scand J Immunol 2018; 87:e12653. [PMID: 29484685 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is a condition caused by infection followed by unregulated inflammatory response which may lead to the organ dysfunction. During such condition, over-production of oxidants is one of the factors which contribute cellular toxicity and ultimately organ failure and mortality. Antioxidants having free radicals scavenging activity exert protective role in various diseases. This study has been designed to evaluate the levels of oxidative and antioxidative activity in sepsis patients and their correlation with the severity of the sepsis. A total of 100 sepsis patients and 50 healthy controls subjects were enrolled in this study from the period October 2016 to June 2017. The investigation included measurements of oxidative enzyme, myeloperoxidase (MPO), antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) and catalase activity (CAT) and cytokines (TNF-α, IL-8 and IFN-γ). Furthermore, the level of these activities was correlated with severity of sepsis. Augmented levels of oxidants were found in sepsis as demonstrated by DMPO nitrone adduct formation and plasma MPO level activity (1.37 ± 0.51 in sepsis vs 0.405 ± 0.16 in control subjects). Cytokines were also found to be increased in sepsis patients. However, plasma SOD and CAT activities were significantly attenuated (P < .001) in the sepsis patients compared with controls subjects. Moreover, inverse relation between antioxidant enzymes (SOD and CAT) and organ failure assessment (SOFA), physiological score (APACHE II), organ toxicity specific markers have been observed as demonstrated by Pearson's correlation coefficient. This study suggests that imbalance between oxidant and antioxidant plays key role in the severity of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kumar
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
| | - E Gupta
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
| | - S Kaushik
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
| | - V Kumar Srivastava
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
| | - S K Mehta
- Department of General Medicine, SMS Medical College & Attached Hospitals, Jaipur, India
| | - A Jyoti
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
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41
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Mishra V, Banga J, Silveyra P. Oxidative stress and cellular pathways of asthma and inflammation: Therapeutic strategies and pharmacological targets. Pharmacol Ther 2018; 181:169-182. [PMID: 28842273 PMCID: PMC5743757 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Asthma is a complex inflammatory disease characterized by airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness. The mechanisms associated with the development and progression of asthma have been widely studied in multiple populations and animal models, and these have revealed involvement of various cell types and activation of intracellular signaling pathways that result in activation of inflammatory genes. Significant contributions of Toll-like-receptors (TLRs) and transcription factors such as NF-кB, have been reported as major contributors to inflammatory pathways. These have also recently been associated with mechanisms of oxidative biology. This is of important clinical significance as the observed inefficacy of current available treatments for severe asthma is widely attributed to oxidative stress. Therefore, targeting oxidizing molecules in conjunction with inflammatory mediators and transcription factors may present a novel therapeutic strategy for asthma. In this review, we summarize TLRs and NF-кB pathways in the context of exacerbation of asthma pathogenesis and oxidative biology, and we discuss the potential use of polyphenolic flavonoid compounds, known to target these pathways and possess antioxidant activity, as potential therapeutic agents for asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Mishra
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Departments of Pediatrics, The Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Jaspreet Banga
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Center for Autoimmune and Musculoskeletal Diseases, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Patricia Silveyra
- Departments of Pediatrics, The Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.
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Abstract
Neutrophils are innate immune phagocytes that have a central role in immune defence. Our understanding of the role of neutrophils in pathogen clearance, immune regulation and disease pathology has advanced dramatically in recent years. Web-like chromatin structures known as neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have been at the forefront of this renewed interest in neutrophil biology. The identification of molecules that modulate the release of NETs has helped to refine our view of the role of NETs in immune protection, inflammatory and autoimmune diseases and cancer. Here, I discuss the key findings and concepts that have thus far shaped the field of NET biology.
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43
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Trawitzki BF, Lilge L, de Figueiredo FA, Macedo AP, Issa JPM. Low-intensity laser therapy efficacy evaluation in mice subjected to acute arthritis condition. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2017; 174:126-132. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2017.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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44
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STIM1 and STIM2 cooperatively regulate mouse neutrophil store-operated calcium entry and cytokine production. Blood 2017; 130:1565-1577. [PMID: 28724541 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-11-751230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are key effector cells of the innate immune system. Calcium-dependent signaling pathways initiated by store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) are known to regulate neutrophil activation; however, the precise mechanism of this process remains unclear. STIM1 and STIM2 are calcium-sensing molecules that link calcium depletion of the endoplasmic reticulum with opening of plasma membrane calcium channels. Although a role for STIM1 in neutrophil SOCE and activation has been established, the function of STIM2 is unknown. Here we use mice with conditional ablation of Stim1 and/or Stim2 to investigate the role of STIM2 in neutrophil activation. We demonstrate that loss of STIM2 results in decreased SOCE, particularly at lower doses of agonists. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, degranulation, and phagocytosis are normal in the absence of STIM2, suggesting STIM1 is the dominant calcium sensor required for classical short-term neutrophil responses. However, neutrophil cytokine production required STIM2, but not STIM1, at least in part as a result of redox regulation of cytokine gene expression. In vivo loss of STIM2 results in lower cytokine levels and protection from mortality in a mouse model of systemic inflammatory response syndrome. These data, combined with previous studies focusing on STIM1, define distinct but cooperative functions for STIM1 and STIM2 in modulating neutrophil bactericidal and cytokine responses.
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Myricitrin Modulates NADPH Oxidase-Dependent ROS Production to Inhibit Endotoxin-Mediated Inflammation by Blocking the JAK/STAT1 and NOX2/p47 phox Pathways. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:9738745. [PMID: 28751937 PMCID: PMC5496130 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9738745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 12/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Myricitrin, a naturally occurring polyphenol hydroxy flavonoid, has been reported to possess anti-inflammatory properties. However, the precise molecular mechanism of myricitrin's effects on LPS-induced inflammation is unclear. In the present study, myricitrin significantly alleviated acute lung injury in mice. Myricitrin also markedly suppressed the production of NO, TNF-α, IL-6, and MCP-1 in RAW264.7 macrophage cells. The inhibition of NO was concomitant with a decrease in the protein and mRNA levels of iNOS. The phosphorylation of JAKs and STAT-1 was abrogated by myricitrin. Furthermore, myricitrin inhibited the nuclear transfer and DNA binding activity of STAT1. The JAK-specific inhibitor ruxolitinib simulated the anti-inflammatory effect of myricitrin. However, myricitrin had no impact on the MAPK signalling pathway. Myricitrin attenuated the generation of intracellular ROS by inhibiting the assembly of components of the gp91phox and p47phox. Suppression of ROS generation using NAC or apocynin or by silencing gp91phox and p47phox all demonstrated that decreasing the level of ROS inhibited the LPS-induced inflammatory response. Collectively, these results confirmed that myricitrin exhibited anti-inflammatory activity by blocking the activation of JAKs and the downstream transcription factor STAT1, which may result from the downregulation of NOX2-dependent ROS production mediated by myricitrin.
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Warnatsch A, Tsourouktsoglou TD, Branzk N, Wang Q, Reincke S, Herbst S, Gutierrez M, Papayannopoulos V. Reactive Oxygen Species Localization Programs Inflammation to Clear Microbes of Different Size. Immunity 2017; 46:421-432. [PMID: 28314592 PMCID: PMC5965455 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2017.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
How the number of immune cells recruited to sites of infection is determined and adjusted to differences in the cellular stoichiometry between host and pathogen is unknown. Here, we have uncovered a role for reactive oxygen species (ROS) as sensors of microbe size. By sensing the differential localization of ROS generated in response to microbes of different size, neutrophils tuned their interleukin (IL)-1β expression via the selective oxidation of NF-κB, in order to implement distinct inflammatory programs. Small microbes triggered ROS intracellularly, suppressing IL-1β expression to limit neutrophil recruitment as each phagocyte eliminated numerous pathogens. In contrast, large microbes triggered ROS extracellularly, amplifying IL-1β expression to recruit numerous neutrophils forming cooperative clusters. Defects in ROS-mediated microbe size sensing resulted in large neutrophil infiltrates and clusters in response to small microbes that contribute to inflammatory disease. These findings highlight the impact of ROS localization on signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Warnatsch
- Antimicrobial Defence Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Rd, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | | | - Nora Branzk
- Antimicrobial Defence Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Rd, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Qian Wang
- Antimicrobial Defence Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Rd, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Susanna Reincke
- Antimicrobial Defence Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Rd, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Susanne Herbst
- Host-Pathogen Interactions in Tuberculosis Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Rd, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Maximiliano Gutierrez
- Host-Pathogen Interactions in Tuberculosis Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Rd, London NW1 1AT, UK
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Apocynin and Nox2 regulate NF-κB by modifying thioredoxin-1 redox-state. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34581. [PMID: 27698473 PMCID: PMC5048297 DOI: 10.1038/srep34581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The reactive-oxygen-species-(ROS)-generating-enzyme Nox2 is essential for leukocyte anti-microbial activity. However its role in cellular redox homeostasis and, consequently, in modulating intracellular signaling pathways remains unclear. Herein, we show Nox2 activation favors thioredoxin-1 (TRX-1)/p40phox interaction, which leads to exclusion of TRX-1 from the nucleus. In contrast, the genetic deficiency of Nox2 or its pharmacological inhibition with apocynin (APO) results in reductive stress after lipopolysaccharide-(LPS)-cell stimulation, which causes nuclear accumulation of TRX-1 and enhanced transcription of inflammatory mediators through nuclear-factor-(NF)-κB. The NF-κB overactivation is prevented by TRX-1 oxidation using inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase-1 (TrxR-1). The Nox2/TRX-1/NF-κB intracellular signaling pathway is involved in the pathophysiology of chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) and sepsis. In fact, TrxR-1 inhibition prevents nuclear accumulation of TRX-1 and LPS-stimulated hyperproduction of tumor-necrosis-factor-(TNF)-α by monocytes and neutrophils purified from blood of CGD patients, who have deficient Nox2 activity. TrxR-1 inhibitors, either lanthanum chloride (LaCl3) or auranofin (AUR), also increase survival rates of mice undergoing cecal-ligation-and-puncture-(CLP). Therefore, our results identify a hitherto unrecognized Nox2-mediated intracellular signaling pathway that contributes to hyperinflammation in CGD and in septic patients. Additionally, we suggest that TrxR-1 inhibitors could be potential drugs to treat patients with sepsis, particularly in those with CGD.
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An interaction between Scribble and the NADPH oxidase complex controls M1 macrophage polarization and function. Nat Cell Biol 2016; 18:1244-1252. [DOI: 10.1038/ncb3413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Hardbower DM, Singh K, Asim M, Verriere TG, Olivares-Villagómez D, Barry DP, Allaman MM, Washington MK, Peek RM, Piazuelo MB, Wilson KT. EGFR regulates macrophage activation and function in bacterial infection. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:3296-312. [PMID: 27482886 DOI: 10.1172/jci83585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
EGFR signaling regulates macrophage function, but its role in bacterial infection has not been investigated. Here, we assessed the role of macrophage EGFR signaling during infection with Helicobacter pylori, a bacterial pathogen that causes persistent inflammation and gastric cancer. EGFR was phosphorylated in murine and human macrophages during H. pylori infection. In human gastric tissues, elevated levels of phosphorylated EGFR were observed throughout the histologic cascade from gastritis to carcinoma. Deleting Egfr in myeloid cells attenuated gastritis and increased H. pylori burden in infected mice. EGFR deficiency also led to a global defect in macrophage activation that was associated with decreased cytokine, chemokine, and NO production. We observed similar alterations in macrophage activation and disease phenotype in the Citrobacter rodentium model of murine infectious colitis. Mechanistically, EGFR signaling activated NF-κB and MAPK1/3 pathways to induce cytokine production and macrophage activation. Although deletion of Egfr had no effect on DC function, EGFR-deficient macrophages displayed impaired Th1 and Th17 adaptive immune responses to H. pylori, which contributed to decreased chronic inflammation in infected mice. Together, these results indicate that EGFR signaling is central to macrophage function in response to enteric bacterial pathogens and is a potential therapeutic target for infection-induced inflammation and associated carcinogenesis.
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Abstract
NADPH oxidase (NOX) isoforms together have multiple functions that are important for normal physiology and have been implicated in the pathogenesis of a broad range of diseases, including atherosclerosis, cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. The phagocyte NADPH oxidase (NOX2) is critical for antimicrobial host defence. Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is an inherited disorder of NOX2 characterized by severe life-threatening bacterial and fungal infections and by excessive inflammation, including Crohn's-like inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). NOX2 defends against microbes through the direct antimicrobial activity of reactive oxidants and through activation of granular proteases and generation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). NETosis involves the breakdown of cell membranes and extracellular release of chromatin and neutrophil granular constituents that target extracellular pathogens. Although the immediate effects of oxidant generation and NETosis are predicted to be injurious, NOX2, in several contexts, limits inflammation and injury by modulation of key signalling pathways that affect neutrophil accumulation and clearance. NOX2 also plays a role in antigen presentation and regulation of adaptive immunity. Specific NOX2-activated pathways such as nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a transcriptional factor that induces antioxidative and cytoprotective responses, may be important therapeutic targets for CGD and, more broadly, diseases associated with excessive inflammation and injury.
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