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Gatti DM, Tyler AL, Mahoney JM, Churchill GA, Yener B, Koyuncu D, Gurcan MN, Niazi MKK, Tavolara T, Gower A, Dayao D, McGlone E, Ginese ML, Specht A, Alsharaydeh A, Tessier PA, Kurtz SL, Elkins KL, Kramnik I, Beamer G. Systems genetics uncover new loci containing functional gene candidates in Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected Diversity Outbred mice. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1011915. [PMID: 38861581 PMCID: PMC11195971 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis infects two billion people across the globe, and results in 8-9 million new tuberculosis (TB) cases and 1-1.5 million deaths each year. Most patients have no known genetic basis that predisposes them to disease. Here, we investigate the complex genetic basis of pulmonary TB by modelling human genetic diversity with the Diversity Outbred mouse population. When infected with M. tuberculosis, one-third develop early onset, rapidly progressive, necrotizing granulomas and succumb within 60 days. The remaining develop non-necrotizing granulomas and survive longer than 60 days. Genetic mapping using immune and inflammatory mediators; and clinical, microbiological, and granuloma correlates of disease identified five new loci on mouse chromosomes 1, 2, 4, 16; and three known loci on chromosomes 3 and 17. Further, multiple positively correlated traits shared loci on chromosomes 1, 16, and 17 and had similar patterns of allele effects, suggesting these loci contain critical genetic regulators of inflammatory responses to M. tuberculosis. To narrow the list of candidate genes, we used a machine learning strategy that integrated gene expression signatures from lungs of M. tuberculosis-infected Diversity Outbred mice with gene interaction networks to generate scores representing functional relationships. The scores were used to rank candidates for each mapped trait, resulting in 11 candidate genes: Ncf2, Fam20b, S100a8, S100a9, Itgb5, Fstl1, Zbtb20, Ddr1, Ier3, Vegfa, and Zfp318. Although all candidates have roles in infection, inflammation, cell migration, extracellular matrix remodeling, or intracellular signaling, and all contain single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), SNPs in only four genes (S100a8, Itgb5, Fstl1, Zfp318) are predicted to have deleterious effects on protein functions. We performed methodological and candidate validations to (i) assess biological relevance of predicted allele effects by showing that Diversity Outbred mice carrying PWK/PhJ alleles at the H-2 locus on chromosome 17 QTL have shorter survival; (ii) confirm accuracy of predicted allele effects by quantifying S100A8 protein in inbred founder strains; and (iii) infection of C57BL/6 mice deficient for the S100a8 gene. Overall, this body of work demonstrates that systems genetics using Diversity Outbred mice can identify new (and known) QTLs and functionally relevant gene candidates that may be major regulators of complex host-pathogens interactions contributing to granuloma necrosis and acute inflammation in pulmonary TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M. Gatti
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, United States of America
| | - Anna L. Tyler
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, United States of America
| | | | | | - Bulent Yener
- Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, United States of America
| | - Deniz Koyuncu
- Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, United States of America
| | - Metin N. Gurcan
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - MK Khalid Niazi
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Thomas Tavolara
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Adam Gower
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Denise Dayao
- Tufts University Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Emily McGlone
- Tufts University Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Melanie L. Ginese
- Tufts University Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Aubrey Specht
- Tufts University Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Anas Alsharaydeh
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Philipe A. Tessier
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Laval University School of Medicine, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sherry L. Kurtz
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Karen L. Elkins
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Igor Kramnik
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Gillian Beamer
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
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Yasuda I, Saludar NRD, Sayo AR, Suzuki S, Yokoyama A, Ozeki Y, Kobayashi H, Nishiyama A, Matsumoto S, Cox SE, Tanaka T, Yamashita Y. Evaluation of cytokine profiles related to Mycobacterium tuberculosis latent antigens using a whole-blood assay in the Philippines. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1330796. [PMID: 38665909 PMCID: PMC11044679 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1330796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction There is no useful method to discriminate between latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) and active pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). This study aimed to investigate the potential of cytokine profiles to discriminate between LTBI and active PTB using whole-blood stimulation with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) antigens, including latency-associated antigens. Materials and methods Patients with active PTB, household contacts of active PTB patients and community exposure subjects were recruited in Manila, the Philippines. Peripheral blood was collected from the participants and used for whole-blood stimulation (WBS) with either the early secretory antigenic target and the 10-kDa culture filtrate protein (ESAT-6/CFP-10), Rv3879c or latency-associated MTB antigens, including mycobacterial DNA-binding protein 1 (MDP-1), α-crystallin (Acr) and heparin-binding hemagglutinin (HBHA). Multiple cytokine concentrations were analyzed using the Bio-Plex™ multiplex cytokine assay. Results A total of 78 participants consisting of 15 active PTB patients, 48 household contacts and 15 community exposure subjects were eligible. The MDP-1-specific IFN-γ level in the active PTB group was significantly lower than that in the household contact group (p < 0.001) and the community exposure group (p < 0.001). The Acr-specific TNF-α and IL-10 levels in the active PTB group were significantly higher than those in the household contact (TNF-α; p = 0.001, IL-10; p = 0.001) and community exposure (TNF-α; p < 0.001, IL-10; p = 0.01) groups. However, there was no significant difference in the ESAT-6/CFP-10-specific IFN-γ levels among the groups. Conclusion The patterns of cytokine profiles induced by latency-associated MTB antigens using WBS have the potential to discriminate between LTBI and active PTB. In particular, combinations of IFN-γ and MDP-1, TNF-α and Acr, and IL-10 and Acr are promising. This study provides the first demonstration of the utility of MDP-1-specific cytokine responses in WBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikkoh Yasuda
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Clinical Infectious Diseases, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Kita-Fukushima Medical Center, Fukushima, Japan
| | | | | | - Shuichi Suzuki
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Akira Yokoyama
- Department of Bacteriology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medicine, Niigata, Japan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuriko Ozeki
- Department of Bacteriology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medicine, Niigata, Japan
| | - Haruka Kobayashi
- Department of Bacteriology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medicine, Niigata, Japan
| | - Akihito Nishiyama
- Department of Bacteriology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medicine, Niigata, Japan
| | - Sohkichi Matsumoto
- Department of Bacteriology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medicine, Niigata, Japan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Universitas Airlangga, Faculty of Medicine, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Division of Research Aids, Hokkaido University Institute for Vaccine Research & Development, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Sharon E. Cox
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Takeshi Tanaka
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
- Infection Control and Education Center, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Yamashita
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shunkaikai Inoue Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
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Headley CA, Gautam S, Olmo‐Fontanez A, Garcia‐Vilanova A, Dwivedi V, Akhter A, Schami A, Chiem K, Ault R, Zhang H, Cai H, Whigham A, Delgado J, Hicks A, Tsao PS, Gelfond J, Martinez‐Sobrido L, Wang Y, Torrelles JB, Turner J. Extracellular Delivery of Functional Mitochondria Rescues the Dysfunction of CD4 + T Cells in Aging. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2303664. [PMID: 37990641 PMCID: PMC10837346 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202303664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction alters cellular metabolism, increases tissue oxidative stress, and may be principal to the dysregulated signaling and function of CD4+ T lymphocytes in the elderly. In this proof of principle study, it is investigated whether the transfer of functional mitochondria into CD4+ T cells that are isolated from old mice (aged CD4+ T cells), can abrogate aging-associated mitochondrial dysfunction, and improve the aged CD4+ T cell functionality. The results show that the delivery of exogenous mitochondria to aged non-activated CD4+ T cells led to significant mitochondrial proteome alterations highlighted by improved aerobic metabolism and decreased cellular mitoROS. Additionally, mito-transferred aged CD4+ T cells showed improvements in activation-induced TCR-signaling kinetics displaying markers of activation (CD25), increased IL-2 production, enhanced proliferation ex vivo. Importantly, immune deficient mouse models (RAG-KO) showed that adoptive transfer of mito-transferred naive aged CD4+ T cells, protected recipient mice from influenza A and Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections. These findings support mitochondria as targets of therapeutic intervention in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colwyn A. Headley
- Host‐Pathogen Interactions ProgramTexas Biomedical Research InstituteSan AntonioTexas78227USA
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate ProgramThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhio43201USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular InstituteStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCA94305USA
| | - Shalini Gautam
- Host‐Pathogen Interactions ProgramTexas Biomedical Research InstituteSan AntonioTexas78227USA
| | | | | | - Varun Dwivedi
- Host‐Pathogen Interactions ProgramTexas Biomedical Research InstituteSan AntonioTexas78227USA
| | - Anwari Akhter
- Population Health ProgramTexas Biomedical Research InstituteSan AntonioTexas78227USA
| | - Alyssa Schami
- Population Health ProgramTexas Biomedical Research InstituteSan AntonioTexas78227USA
| | - Kevin Chiem
- Disease Intervention & Prevention ProgramTexas Biomedical Research InstituteSan AntonioTexas78227USA
| | - Russell Ault
- Host‐Pathogen Interactions ProgramTexas Biomedical Research InstituteSan AntonioTexas78227USA
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate ProgramThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhio43201USA
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and ImmunologySouth Texas Center for Emerging Infectious DiseasesThe University of Texas at San AntonioSan AntonioTX78249USA
| | - Hong Cai
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and ImmunologySouth Texas Center for Emerging Infectious DiseasesThe University of Texas at San AntonioSan AntonioTX78249USA
| | - Alison Whigham
- Host‐Pathogen Interactions ProgramTexas Biomedical Research InstituteSan AntonioTexas78227USA
| | - Jennifer Delgado
- Host‐Pathogen Interactions ProgramTexas Biomedical Research InstituteSan AntonioTexas78227USA
| | - Amberlee Hicks
- Host‐Pathogen Interactions ProgramTexas Biomedical Research InstituteSan AntonioTexas78227USA
| | - Philip S. Tsao
- Stanford Cardiovascular InstituteStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCA94305USA
| | - Jonathan Gelfond
- UT‐Health San AntonioDepartment of Epidemiology & BiostatisticsSan AntonioTexas78229USA
| | - Luis Martinez‐Sobrido
- Disease Intervention & Prevention ProgramTexas Biomedical Research InstituteSan AntonioTexas78227USA
| | - Yufeng Wang
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and ImmunologySouth Texas Center for Emerging Infectious DiseasesThe University of Texas at San AntonioSan AntonioTX78249USA
| | - Jordi B. Torrelles
- Population Health ProgramTexas Biomedical Research InstituteSan AntonioTexas78227USA
| | - Joanne Turner
- Host‐Pathogen Interactions ProgramTexas Biomedical Research InstituteSan AntonioTexas78227USA
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4
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Gatti DM, Tyler AL, Mahoney JM, Churchill GA, Yener B, Koyuncu D, Gurcan MN, Niazi M, Tavolara T, Gower AC, Dayao D, McGlone E, Ginese ML, Specht A, Alsharaydeh A, Tessier PA, Kurtz SL, Elkins K, Kramnik I, Beamer G. Systems genetics uncover new loci containing functional gene candidates in Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected Diversity Outbred mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.21.572738. [PMID: 38187647 PMCID: PMC10769337 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.21.572738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the bacillus that causes tuberculosis (TB), infects 2 billion people across the globe, and results in 8-9 million new TB cases and 1-1.5 million deaths each year. Most patients have no known genetic basis that predisposes them to disease. We investigated the complex genetic basis of pulmonary TB by modelling human genetic diversity with the Diversity Outbred mouse population. When infected with M. tuberculosis, one-third develop early onset, rapidly progressive, necrotizing granulomas and succumb within 60 days. The remaining develop non-necrotizing granulomas and survive longer than 60 days. Genetic mapping using clinical indicators of disease, granuloma histopathological features, and immune response traits identified five new loci on mouse chromosomes 1, 2, 4, 16 and three previously identified loci on chromosomes 3 and 17. Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) on chromosomes 1, 16, and 17, associated with multiple correlated traits and had similar patterns of allele effects, suggesting these QTLs contain important genetic regulators of responses to M. tuberculosis. To narrow the list of candidate genes in QTLs, we used a machine learning strategy that integrated gene expression signatures from lungs of M. tuberculosis-infected Diversity Outbred mice with gene interaction networks, generating functional scores. The scores were then used to rank candidates for each mapped trait in each locus, resulting in 11 candidates: Ncf2, Fam20b, S100a8, S100a9, Itgb5, Fstl1, Zbtb20, Ddr1, Ier3, Vegfa, and Zfp318. Importantly, all 11 candidates have roles in infection, inflammation, cell migration, extracellular matrix remodeling, or intracellular signaling. Further, all candidates contain single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and some but not all SNPs were predicted to have deleterious consequences on protein functions. Multiple methods were used for validation including (i) a statistical method that showed Diversity Outbred mice carrying PWH/PhJ alleles on chromosome 17 QTL have shorter survival; (ii) quantification of S100A8 protein levels, confirming predicted allele effects; and (iii) infection of C57BL/6 mice deficient for the S100a8 gene. Overall, this work demonstrates that systems genetics using Diversity Outbred mice can identify new (and known) QTLs and new functionally relevant gene candidates that may be major regulators of granuloma necrosis and acute inflammation in pulmonary TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Gatti
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME
| | - A L Tyler
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME
| | | | | | - B Yener
- Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY
| | - D Koyuncu
- Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY
| | - M N Gurcan
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC
| | - Mkk Niazi
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC
| | - T Tavolara
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC
| | - A C Gower
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Boston University, Boston, MA
| | - D Dayao
- Tufts University Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, MA
| | - E McGlone
- Tufts University Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, MA
| | - M L Ginese
- Tufts University Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, MA
| | - A Specht
- Tufts University Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, MA
| | - A Alsharaydeh
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX
| | - P A Tessier
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Laval University School of Medicine, Quebec, Canada
| | - S L Kurtz
- Center for Biologics, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD
| | - K Elkins
- Center for Biologics, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD
| | - I Kramnik
- NIEDL, Boston University, Boston, MA
| | - G Beamer
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX
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5
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Larenas-Muñoz F, Ruedas-Torres I, Hunter L, Bird A, Agulló-Ros I, Winsbury R, Clark S, Rayner E, Salguero FJ. Characterisation and development of histopathological lesions in a guinea pig model of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1264200. [PMID: 37808110 PMCID: PMC10556493 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1264200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a very significant infectious disease worldwide. New vaccines and therapies are needed, even more crucially with the increase of multi-drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains. Preclinical animal models are very valuable for the development of these new disease control strategies. Guinea pigs are one of the best models of TB, sharing many features with the pathology observed in human TB. Here we describe the development of TB lesions in a guinea pig model of infection. We characterise the granulomatous lesions in four developmental stages (I-IV), using histopathological analysis and immunohistochemical (IHC) techniques to study macrophages, T cells, B cells and granulocytes. The granulomas in the guinea pigs start as aggregations of macrophages and few heterophils, evolving to larger lesions showing central caseous necrosis with mineralisation and abundant acid-fast bacilli, surrounded by a rim of macrophages and lymphocytes in the outer layers of the granuloma. Multinucleated giant cells are very rare and fibrotic capsules are not formed in this animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Larenas-Muñoz
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology and Toxicology, Pathology and Immunology Group (UCO-PIG), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, University of Córdoba, International Excellence Agrifood Campus ‘CeiA3’, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Inés Ruedas-Torres
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology and Toxicology, Pathology and Immunology Group (UCO-PIG), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, University of Córdoba, International Excellence Agrifood Campus ‘CeiA3’, Córdoba, Spain
- Pathology Department, UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Hunter
- Pathology Department, UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom
- School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Alison Bird
- Pathology Department, UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom
| | - Irene Agulló-Ros
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology and Toxicology, Pathology and Immunology Group (UCO-PIG), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, University of Córdoba, International Excellence Agrifood Campus ‘CeiA3’, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Rebecca Winsbury
- Pathology Department, UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Clark
- Pathology Department, UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Rayner
- Pathology Department, UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom
| | - Francisco J. Salguero
- Pathology Department, UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom
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Dwivedi V, Gautam S, Beamer G, Stromberg PC, Headley CA, Turner J. IL-10 Modulation Increases Pyrazinamide's Antimycobacterial Efficacy against Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection in Mice. Immunohorizons 2023; 7:412-420. [PMID: 37279084 PMCID: PMC10580111 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.2200077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms to shorten the duration of tuberculosis (TB) treatment include new drug formulations or schedules and the development of host-directed therapies (HDTs) that better enable the host immune system to eliminate Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Previous studies have shown that pyrazinamide, a first-line antibiotic, can also modulate immune function, making it an attractive target for combinatorial HDT/antibiotic therapy, with the goal to accelerate clearance of M. tuberculosis. In this study, we assessed the value of anti-IL-10R1 as an HDT along with pyrazinamide and show that short-term anti-IL-10R1 blockade during pyrazinamide treatment enhanced the antimycobacterial efficacy of pyrazinamide, resulting in faster clearance of M. tuberculosis in mice. Furthermore, 45 d of pyrazinamide treatment in a functionally IL-10-deficient environment resulted in sterilizing clearance of M. tuberculosis. Our data suggest that short-term IL-10 blockade with standard TB drugs has the potential to improve clinical outcome by reducing the treatment duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varun Dwivedi
- Disease Intervention & Prevention Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX
| | - Shalini Gautam
- Host Pathogen Interactions Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX
| | - Gillian Beamer
- Host Pathogen Interactions Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX
| | - Paul C. Stromberg
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State Institute, Columbus, OH
| | - Colwyn A. Headley
- Host Pathogen Interactions Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX
| | - Joanne Turner
- Host Pathogen Interactions Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX
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7
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B cells promote granulomatous inflammation during chronic Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in mice. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011187. [PMID: 36888692 PMCID: PMC9994760 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study reveals that in chronic TB, the B cell-deficient μMT strain, relative to wild-type (WT) C57BL/6 mice, displays in the lungs lower levels of inflammation that are associated with decreased CD4+ T cell proliferation, diminished Th1 response, and enhanced levels of interleukin (IL)-10. The latter result raises the possibility that B cells may restrict lung expression of IL-10 in chronic TB. These observations are recapitulated in WT mice depleted for B cells using anti-CD20 antibodies. IL-10 receptor (IL-10R) blockade reverses the phenotypes of decreased inflammation and attenuated CD4+ T cell responses in B cell-depleted mice. Together, these results suggest that in chronic murine TB, B cells, by virtue of their capacity to restrict expression of the anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive IL-10 in the lungs, promote the development of a robust protective Th1 response, thereby optimizing anti-TB immunity. This vigorous Th1 immunity and restricted IL-10 expression may, however, allow the development of inflammation to a level that can be detrimental to the host. Indeed, decreased lung inflammation observed in chronically infected B cell-deficient mice, which exhibit augmented lung IL-10 levels, is associated with a survival advantage relative to WT animals. Collectively, the results reveal that in chronic murine TB, B cells play a role in modulating the protective Th1 immunity and the anti-inflammatory IL-10 response, which results in augmentation of lung inflammation that can be host-detrimental. Intriguingly, in tuberculous human lungs, conspicuous B cell aggregates are present in close proximity to tissue-damaging lesions manifesting necrosis and cavitation, suggesting the possibility that in human TB, B cells may contribute to the development of exacerbated pathology that is known to promote transmission. Since transmission is a major hindrance to TB control, investigating into whether B cells can shape the development of severe pulmonic pathological responses in tuberculous individuals is warranted.
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8
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Souza IDP, Amoras EDSG, de Sousa FDM, de Sousa PVNR, Lima SS, Cayres-Vallinoto IMV, Ishak R, Vallinoto ACR, Queiroz MAF. Plasma Levels of sFas-sFasL and FASL Gene Expression Are Associated with Tuberculosis. Biomolecules 2022; 13:biom13010080. [PMID: 36671466 PMCID: PMC9855614 DOI: 10.3390/biom13010080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis of macrophages infected by Mycobacterium tuberculosis via Fas-FasL is an important immune mechanism against infection. This study investigated the association of tuberculosis (TB) with the presence of the polymorphisms FAS -670A/G and FASL -124A/G, the levels of sFas and sFasL, and the gene expression of FASL and cytokines. Samples of 200 individuals diagnosed with TB and 200 healthy controls were evaluated. Real-time PCR (genotyping and gene expression) and ELISA (dosages of sFas, sFasL, IFN-γ, and IL-10) tests were performed. There was no association of FAS -670A/G and FASL -124A/G polymorphisms with TB. The TB group exhibited high plasma levels of sFas and reduced plasma levels of sFasL (p < 0.05). The correlation analysis between these markers revealed a positive correlation between the levels of sFas and sFasL, sFasL and FASL expression, and between sFas and FASL expression (p < 0.05). In the TB group, there was a positive correlation between FASL expression and IFN-γ levels and higher levels of IL-10 compared to IFN-γ (p < 0.05). High levels of sFas and reduced levels of sFasL and FASL expression may contribute to the inhibition of apoptosis in infected cells and represent a possible bacterial resistance resource to maintain the infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iury de Paula Souza
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém 66075-110, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biology of Infectious and Parasitic Agents, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Ednelza da Silva Graça Amoras
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Francisca Dayse Martins de Sousa
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém 66075-110, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biology of Infectious and Parasitic Agents, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém 66075-110, Brazil
| | | | - Sandra Souza Lima
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém 66075-110, Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo Ishak
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém 66075-110, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Alice Freitas Queiroz
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém 66075-110, Brazil
- Correspondence:
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9
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Lafuse WP, Wu Q, Kumar N, Saljoughian N, Sunkum S, Ahumada OS, Turner J, Rajaram MVS. Psychological stress creates an immune suppressive environment in the lung that increases susceptibility of aged mice to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:990402. [PMID: 36189368 PMCID: PMC9523253 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.990402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Age is a major risk factor for chronic infections, including tuberculosis (TB). Elderly TB patients also suffer from elevated levels of psychological stress. It is not clear how psychological stress impacts immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb). In this study, we used social disruption stress (SDR) to investigate effects of psychological stress in young and old mice. Unexpectedly, we found that SDR suppresses lung inflammation in old mice as evidenced by lower pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in bronchial lavage fluid and decreased cytokine mRNA expression by alveolar macrophages. To investigate effects of stress on M.tb infection, mice were subjected to SDR and then infected with M.tb. As previously reported, old mice were better at controlling infection at 30 days than young mice. This control was transient as CFUs at 60 days were higher in old control mice compared to young mice. Consistently, SDR significantly increased M.tb growth at 60 days in old mice compared to young mice. In addition, SDR in old mice resulted in accumulation of IL-10 mRNA and decreased IFN-γ mRNA at 60 days. Also, confocal microscopy of lung sections from old SDR mice showed increased number of CD4 T cells which express LAG3 and CD49b, markers of IL-10 secreting regulatory T cells. Further, we also demonstrated that CD4 T cells from old SDR mice express IL-10. Thus, we conclude that psychological stress in old mice prior to infection, increases differentiation of IL-10 secreting T cells, which over time results in loss of control of the infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- William P. Lafuse
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States,*Correspondence: William P. Lafuse, ; Murugesan V. S. Rajaram,
| | - Qian Wu
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Naresh Kumar
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Noushin Saljoughian
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Shrayes Sunkum
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | | | - Joanne Turner
- Host Pathogen Interactions Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Murugesan V. S. Rajaram
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States,*Correspondence: William P. Lafuse, ; Murugesan V. S. Rajaram,
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10
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Sholeye AR, Williams AA, Loots DT, Tutu van Furth AM, van der Kuip M, Mason S. Tuberculous Granuloma: Emerging Insights From Proteomics and Metabolomics. Front Neurol 2022; 13:804838. [PMID: 35386409 PMCID: PMC8978302 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.804838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, which claims hundreds of thousands of lives each year, is typically characterized by the formation of tuberculous granulomas — the histopathological hallmark of tuberculosis (TB). Our knowledge of granulomas, which comprise a biologically diverse body of pro- and anti-inflammatory cells from the host immune responses, is based mainly upon examination of lungs, in both human and animal studies, but little on their counterparts from other organs of the TB patient such as the brain. The biological heterogeneity of TB granulomas has led to their diverse, relatively uncoordinated, categorization, which is summarized here. However, there is a pressing need to elucidate more fully the phenotype of the granulomas from infected patients. Newly emerging studies at the protein (proteomics) and metabolite (metabolomics) levels have the potential to achieve this. In this review we summarize the diverse nature of TB granulomas based upon the literature, and amplify these accounts by reporting on the relatively few, emerging proteomics and metabolomics studies on TB granulomas. Metabolites (for example, trimethylamine-oxide) and proteins (such as the peptide PKAp) associated with TB granulomas, and knowledge of their localizations, help us to understand the resultant phenotype. Nevertheless, more multidisciplinary ‘omics studies, especially in human subjects, are required to contribute toward ushering in a new era of understanding of TB granulomas – both at the site of infection, and on a systemic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abisola Regina Sholeye
- Department of Biochemistry, Human Metabolomics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Aurelia A. Williams
- Department of Biochemistry, Human Metabolomics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Du Toit Loots
- Department of Biochemistry, Human Metabolomics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - A. Marceline Tutu van Furth
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Martijn van der Kuip
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Shayne Mason
- Department of Biochemistry, Human Metabolomics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
- *Correspondence: Shayne Mason
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11
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Dwivedi V, Gautam S, Headley CA, Piergallini T, Torrelles JB, Turner J. IL-10 Receptor Blockade Delivered Simultaneously with Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Vaccination Sustains Long-Term Protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection in Mice. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 208:1406-1416. [PMID: 35181640 PMCID: PMC11075079 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) immunization still remains the best vaccination strategy available to control the development of active tuberculosis. Protection afforded by BCG vaccination gradually wanes over time and although booster strategies have promise, they remain under development. An alternative approach is to improve BCG efficacy through host-directed therapy. Building upon prior knowledge that blockade of IL-10R1 during early Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection improves and extends control of M. tuberculosis infection in mice, we employed a combined anti-IL-10R1/BCG vaccine strategy. An s.c. single vaccination of BCG/anti-IL10-R1 increased the numbers of CD4+ and CD8+ central memory T cells and reduced Th1 and Th17 cytokine levels in the lung for up to 7 wk postvaccination. Subsequent M. tuberculosis challenge in mice showed both an early (4 wk) and sustained long-term (47 wk) control of infection, which was associated with increased survival. In contrast, protection of BCG/saline-vaccinated mice waned 8 wk after M. tuberculosis infection. Our findings demonstrate that a single and simultaneous vaccination with BCG/anti-IL10-R1 sustains long-term protection, identifying a promising approach to enhance and extend the current BCG-mediated protection against TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varun Dwivedi
- Disease Intervention and Prevention Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX
| | - Shalini Gautam
- Host Pathogen Interactions Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX; and
| | - Colwyn A Headley
- Host Pathogen Interactions Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX; and
| | - Tucker Piergallini
- Host Pathogen Interactions Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX; and
| | - Jordi B Torrelles
- Population Health Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX
| | - Joanne Turner
- Host Pathogen Interactions Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX; and
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12
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Cronan MR. In the Thick of It: Formation of the Tuberculous Granuloma and Its Effects on Host and Therapeutic Responses. Front Immunol 2022; 13:820134. [PMID: 35320930 PMCID: PMC8934850 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.820134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The defining pathology of tuberculosis is the granuloma, an organized structure derived from host immune cells that surrounds infecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis. As the location of much of the bacteria in the infected host, the granuloma is a central point of interaction between the host and the infecting bacterium. This review describes the signals and cellular reprogramming that drive granuloma formation. Further, as a central point of host-bacterial interactions, the granuloma shapes disease outcome by altering host immune responses and bacterial susceptibility to antibiotic treatment, as discussed herein. This new understanding of granuloma biology and the signaling behind it highlights the potential for host-directed therapies targeting the granuloma to enhance antibiotic access and tuberculosis-specific immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R. Cronan
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In Vivo Cell Biology of Infection Group, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
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13
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Druszczyńska M, Godkowicz M, Kulesza J, Wawrocki S, Fol M. Cytokine Receptors-Regulators of Antimycobacterial Immune Response. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:1112. [PMID: 35163035 PMCID: PMC8835057 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokine receptors are critical regulators of the antimycobacterial immune response, playing a key role in initiating and coordinating the recruitment and activation of immune cells during infection. They recognize and bind specific cytokines and are involved in inducing intracellular signal transduction pathways that regulate a diverse range of biological functions, including proliferation, differentiation, metabolism and cell growth. Due to mutations in cytokine receptor genes, defective signaling may contribute to increased susceptibility to mycobacteria, allowing the pathogens to avoid killing and immune surveillance. This paper provides an overview of cytokine receptors important for the innate and adaptive immune responses against mycobacteria and discusses the implications of receptor gene defects for the course of mycobacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Druszczyńska
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland; (M.G.); (S.W.); (M.F.)
| | - Magdalena Godkowicz
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland; (M.G.); (S.W.); (M.F.)
- Lodz Institutes of the Polish Academy of Sciences, The Bio-Med-Chem Doctoral School, University of Lodz, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
| | - Jakub Kulesza
- Department of Internal Diseases and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, Kniaziewicza 1/5, 91-347 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Sebastian Wawrocki
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland; (M.G.); (S.W.); (M.F.)
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, 7265 Davos, Switzerland
| | - Marek Fol
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland; (M.G.); (S.W.); (M.F.)
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14
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Ferreira CM, Barbosa AM, Barreira-Silva P, Silvestre R, Cunha C, Carvalho A, Rodrigues F, Correia-Neves M, Castro AG, Torrado E. Early IL-10 promotes vasculature-associated CD4+ T cells unable to control Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. JCI Insight 2021; 6:150060. [PMID: 34554927 PMCID: PMC8663558 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.150060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokine-producing CD4+ T cells play a crucial role in the control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection; however, there is a delayed appearance of effector T cells in the lungs following aerosol infection. The immunomodulatory cytokine IL-10 antagonizes control of M. tuberculosis infection through mechanisms associated with reduced CD4+ T cell responses. Here, we show that IL-10 overexpression only before the onset of the T cell response impaired control of M. tuberculosis growth; during chronic infection, IL-10 overexpression reduced the CD4+ T cell response without affecting the outcome of infection. IL-10 overexpression early during infection did not, we found, significantly impair the kinetics of CD4+ T cell priming and effector differentiation. However, CD4+ T cells primed and differentiated in an IL-10–enriched environment displayed reduced expression of CXCR3 and, because they did not migrate into the lung parenchyma, their ability to control infection was limited. Importantly, these CD4+ T cells maintained their vasculature phenotype and were unable to control infection, even after adoptive transfer into low IL-10 settings. Together our data support a model wherein, during M. tuberculosis infection, IL-10 acts intrinsically on T cells, impairing their parenchymal migratory capacity and ability to engage with infected phagocytic cells, thereby impeding control of infection.
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15
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Kalra R, Tiwari D, Dkhar HK, Bhagyaraj E, Kumar R, Bhardwaj A, Gupta P. Host factors subverted by Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Potential targets for host directed therapy. Int Rev Immunol 2021; 42:43-70. [PMID: 34678117 DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2021.1990277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite new approaches in the diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis (TB), it continues to be a major health burden. Several immunotherapies that potentiate the immune response have come up as adjuncts to drug therapies against drug resistant TB strains; however, there needs to be an urgent appraisal of host specific drug targets for improving their clinical management and to curtail disease progression. Presently, various host directed therapies (HDTs) exist (repurposed drugs, nutraceuticals, monoclonal antibodies and immunomodulatory agents), but these mostly address molecules that combat disease progression. AREAS COVERED The current review discusses major Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) survival paradigms inside the host and presents a plethora of host targets subverted by M. tuberculosis which can be further explored for future HDTs. The host factors unique to M. tuberculosis infection (in humans) have also been identified through an in-silico interaction mapping. EXPERT OPINION HDTs could become the next-generation adjunct therapies in order to counter antimicrobial resistance and virulence, as well as to reduce the duration of existing TB treatments. However, current scientific efforts are largely directed toward combatants rather than host molecules co-opted by M. tuberculosis for its survival. This might drive the immune system to a hyper-inflammatory condition; therefore, we emphasize that host factors subverted by M. tuberculosis, and their subsequent neutralization, must be considered for development of better HDTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashi Kalra
- Department of Molecular Biology, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh-160036, India
| | - Drishti Tiwari
- Department of Molecular Biology, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh-160036, India
| | - Hedwin Kitdorlang Dkhar
- Department of Molecular Biology, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh-160036, India
| | - Ella Bhagyaraj
- Department of Molecular Biology, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh-160036, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Bioinformatics Center, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh-160036, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Anshu Bhardwaj
- Bioinformatics Center, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh-160036, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Pawan Gupta
- Department of Molecular Biology, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh-160036, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
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16
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Bobadilla-Del-Valle M, Leal-Vega F, Torres-Gonzalez P, Ordaz-Vazquez A, Garcia-Garcia MDL, Tovar-Vargas MDLA, Delgado-Sanchez G, Guerra De Blas PDC, Wallis RS, Ponce-De-León A, Sifuentes-Osornio J. Mycobacterial Growth Inhibition Assay (MGIA) as a Host Directed Diagnostic Tool for the Evaluation of the Immune Response in Subjects Living With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:640707. [PMID: 34084753 PMCID: PMC8167894 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.640707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The lack of efficient and cost-effective diagnostic tools contributes to poor control of tuberculosis in endemic countries. Moreover, host biological processes influence susceptibility, and infection resolution. It is well known that comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) affect the host immune response, making individuals more susceptible to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Currently, there are no laboratory tools that can identify those subjects who have a higher risk of developing the disease. In this study, we used a whole blood mycobacterial growth inhibition assay to assess the immune response capacity to inhibit mycobacterial growth between healthy subjects and those living with DM2 with optimal and poor glycemic control. We also measured cytokine levels in the culture supernatant by cytokine bead arrays. We included 89 patients with DM2: 54 patients with optimal control (mean age 56.2 ± 11.75 years) and 35 patients with poor control (mean age 52.05 ± 9.94 years). We also included 44 healthy subjects as controls (mean age 42.12 ± 11.75 years). We compared the Δlog UFC (a value that represents the difference between mycobacterial growth in the control tube versus the subject’s blood) between each group. Our results demonstrate that patients with DM2 had a lower capacity to inhibit M. tuberculosis growth (Δlog UFC DM2 subjects 0.9581 (-0.3897 to 2.495) vs Δlog UFC healthy subjects 0.7190 (-0.2678 to 2.098); p=0.013). Comparing subjects living with DM2 (optimal and poor glycemic control) vs healthy subjects, we found only significant differences between healthy subjects and patients poorly controlled (Δlog UFC optimal control group 0.876 (-0.3897 to 2.495); Δlog UFC poor control group 1.078 (0.068 to 2.33); Δlog UFC healthy subjects 0.7190 (-0.2678 to 2.098); p= 0.022). Therefore, glycemic control assessed by glycosylated hemoglobin values influences the capacity of the host to control the infection. Our results confirm that the whole blood mycobacterial growth inhibition assay has potential utility as an in vitro marker of M. tuberculosis immunological control in vivo in subjects living with DM2. This assay can be used to evaluate the immune response of each individual against M. tuberculosis, allowing clinicians to choose a more specific host-directed therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Bobadilla-Del-Valle
- Laboratorio de Microbiologia Clinica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Francisco Leal-Vega
- Laboratorio de Microbiologia Clinica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Pedro Torres-Gonzalez
- Laboratorio de Microbiologia Clinica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Anabel Ordaz-Vazquez
- Laboratorio de Microbiologia Clinica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Ma de Los Angeles Tovar-Vargas
- Laboratorio de Microbiologia Clinica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Guadalupe Delgado-Sanchez
- Centro de Investigación sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Paola Del Carmen Guerra De Blas
- Laboratorio de Microbiologia Clinica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran, Mexico City, Mexico.,LaRed- Coordinating Center, The Mexican Emerging Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Network (La Red), Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Alfredo Ponce-De-León
- Laboratorio de Microbiologia Clinica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Sifuentes-Osornio
- Laboratorio de Microbiologia Clinica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran, Mexico City, Mexico
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17
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Ravesloot-Chávez MM, Van Dis E, Stanley SA. The Innate Immune Response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection. Annu Rev Immunol 2021; 39:611-637. [PMID: 33637017 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-093019-010426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis causes >1.5 million deaths worldwide annually. Innate immune cells are the first to encounter M. tuberculosis, and their response dictates the course of infection. Dendritic cells (DCs) activate the adaptive response and determine its characteristics. Macrophages are responsible both for exerting cell-intrinsic antimicrobial control and for initiating and maintaining inflammation. The inflammatory response to M. tuberculosis infection is a double-edged sword. While cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-1 are important for protection, either excessive or insufficient cytokine production results in progressive disease. Furthermore, neutrophils-cells normally associated with control of bacterial infection-are emerging as key drivers of a hyperinflammatory response that results in host mortality. The roles of other innate cells, including natural killer cells and innate-like T cells, remain enigmatic. Understanding the nuances of both cell-intrinsic control of infection and regulation of inflammation will be crucial for the successful development of host-targeted therapeutics and vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erik Van Dis
- Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA; ,
| | - Sarah A Stanley
- Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA; , .,Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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18
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Li S, Shao L, Fang J, Zhang J, Chen Y, Yeo AJ, Lavin MF, Yu G, Shao H. Hesperetin attenuates silica-induced lung injury by reducing oxidative damage and inflammatory response. Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:297. [PMID: 33717240 PMCID: PMC7885076 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.9728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and the inflammatory response are two important mechanisms of silica-induced lung injury. Hesperetin (HSP) is a natural flavonoid compound that is found in citrus fruits and has been indicated to exhibit strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The current study evaluated the protective effect of HSP on lung injury in rats exposed to silica. The results indicated that the degree of alveolitis and pulmonary fibrosis in the HSP-treated group was significantly decreased compared with the silica model group. The content of hydroxyproline (HYP) was also revealed to decrease overall in the HSP treated group compared with the silica model group, indicating that the degree of pulmonary fibrosis was decreased compared with the silica model group. The present study also demonstrated that HSP reduced oxidation levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX). Total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) was also increased following HSP treatment, indicating that HSP can alleviate oxidative stress in the lung tissue of silica-exposed rats. In addition, HSP was revealed to inhibit the synthesis and secretion of fibrogenic factor TGF-β1, reduce the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-4, TNF-α and increase the levels of anti-inflammatory factors IFN-γ and IL-10. The current study demonstrated that HSP can effectively attenuate silica-induced lung injury by reducing oxidative damage and the inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxian Li
- Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250062, P.R. China
| | - Linlin Shao
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Jinguo Fang
- Primary Health Department, Linqing Health Bureau, Linqing, Shandong 252600, P.R. China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250062, P.R. China
| | - Yanqin Chen
- Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250062, P.R. China
| | - Abrey J Yeo
- Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Martin F Lavin
- Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Gongchang Yu
- Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250062, P.R. China
| | - Hua Shao
- Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250062, P.R. China
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19
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Barros de Pinho R, de Oliveira Silva MT, Brenner G, Dié Alves MS, Azevedo V, Dias Portela R, Borsuk S. A novel approach for an immunogen against Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis infection: An Escherichia coli bacterin expressing phospholipase D. Microb Pathog 2021; 151:104746. [PMID: 33485993 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.104746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis is the causative agent of caseous lymphadenitis (CLA) in small ruminants. There is still needed an immunoprophylaxis model, which induces a protective and sustained immune response against the bacteria. In this study, we evaluated a recombinant Escherichia coli bacterin expressing the recombinant phospholipase D (rPLD) protein, the most relevant virulence factor of C. pseudotuberculosis, as a potential vaccine formulation. E. coli BL21 (DE3) Star strain was used for rPLD protein expression and was then inactivated by formaldehyde. Four groups with 10 Balb/c mice each were immunized twice within a 21 days interval: G1-control - 0.9% saline solution; G2- E. coli bacterin/pAE (naked plasmid); G3- E. coli bacterin/pAE/pld; G4-purified recombinant rPLD. Subsequently, the animals were challenged with a C. pseudotuberculosis virulent strain and evaluated for 40 days. The highest survival rate was observed for G3 with 40% protection, followed by 30% in the purified rPLD group (G4). These two groups also showed considerable IgG production when compared with the control group (G1). Also, a higher significant expression of interferon-γ was observed for the experimental groups G2, G3, and G4 when compared with a control group (G1) (p < 0.05). These results represent that a recombinant bacterin can be seen as a promising approach for vaccinal antigens against CLA, being possible to be used in association of different vaccine strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Barros de Pinho
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia Infecto-Parasitária, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Biotecnologia, UFPel, Pelotas, RS, 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Mara Thais de Oliveira Silva
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia Infecto-Parasitária, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Biotecnologia, UFPel, Pelotas, RS, 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Brenner
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia Infecto-Parasitária, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Biotecnologia, UFPel, Pelotas, RS, 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Mirna Samara Dié Alves
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia Infecto-Parasitária, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Biotecnologia, UFPel, Pelotas, RS, 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Vasco Azevedo
- Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Dias Portela
- Laboratório de Imunologia e Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, UFBA, Salvador, BA, 40140-100, Brazil
| | - Sibele Borsuk
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia Infecto-Parasitária, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Biotecnologia, UFPel, Pelotas, RS, 96010-900, Brazil.
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20
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Shi J, Shi S, Xie W, Zhao M, Li Y, Zhang J, Li N, Bai X, Cai W, Hu X, Hu D, Han J, Guan H. IL-10 alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced skin scarring via IL-10R/STAT3 axis regulating TLR4/NF-κB pathway in dermal fibroblasts. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:1554-1567. [PMID: 33410606 PMCID: PMC7875929 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertrophic scar (HS) is a severe fibrotic skin disease. It has always been a major problem in clinical treatment, mainly because its pathogenesis has not been well understood. The roles of bacterial contamination and prolonged wound inflammation were considered significant. IL‐10 is a potent anti‐inflammatory cytokine and plays a pivotal role in wound healing and scar formation. Here, we investigate whether IL‐10 alleviates lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced inflammatory response and skin scarring and explore the possible mechanism of scar formation. Our results showed that the expression of TLR4 and pp65 was higher in HS and HS‐derived fibroblasts (HSFs) than their counterpart normal skin (NS) and NS‐derived fibroblasts (NSFs). LPS could up‐regulate the expression of TLR4, pp65, Col I, Col III and α‐SMA in NSFs, but IL‐10 could down‐regulate their expression in both HSFs and LPS‐induced NSFs. Blocking IL‐10 receptor (IL‐10R) or the phosphorylation of STAT3, their expression was up‐regulated. In addition, in vitro and in vivo models results showed that IL‐10 could alleviate LPS‐induced fibroblast‐populated collagen lattice (FPCL) contraction and scar formation. Therefore, IL‐10 alleviates LPS‐induced skin scarring via IL‐10R/STAT3 axis regulating TLR4/NF‐κB pathway in dermal fibroblasts by reducing ECM proteins deposition and the conversion of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts. Our results indicate that IL‐10 can alleviate the LPS‐induced harmful effect on wound healing, reduce scar contracture, scar formation and skin fibrosis. Therefore, the down‐regulation of inflammation may lead to a suitable scar outcome and be a better option for improving scar quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihong Shi
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shan Shi
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wenbo Xie
- Queen Mary School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaozhi Bai
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Weixia Cai
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaolong Hu
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dahai Hu
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Juntao Han
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hao Guan
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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21
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Immunoregulatory and Antimicrobial Activity of Bovine Neutrophil β-Defensin-5-Loaded PLGA Nanoparticles against Mycobacterium bovis. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12121172. [PMID: 33271900 PMCID: PMC7760669 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12121172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis) is a member of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex imposing a high zoonotic threat to human health. The limited efficacy of BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Guérin) and upsurges of drug-resistant tuberculosis require new effective vaccination approaches and anti-TB drugs. Poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) is a preferential drug delivery system candidate. In this study, we formulated PLGA nanoparticles (NPs) encapsulating the recombinant protein bovine neutrophil β-defensin-5 (B5), and investigated its role in immunomodulation and antimicrobial activity against M. bovis challenge. Using the classical water-oil-water solvent-evaporation method, B5-NPs were prepared, with encapsulation efficiency of 85.5% ± 2.5%. These spherical NPs were 206.6 ± 26.6 nm in diameter, with a negatively charged surface (ζ-potential -27.1 ± 1.5 mV). The encapsulated B5 protein from B5-NPs was released slowly under physiological conditions. B5 or B5-NPs efficiently enhanced the secretion of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-10 in J774A.1 macrophages. B5-NPs-immunized mice showed significant increases in the production of TNF-α and immunoglobulin A (IgA) in serum, and the proportion of CD4+ T cells in spleen compared with B5 alone. In immunoprotection studies, B5-NPs-immunized mice displayed significant reductions in pulmonary inflammatory area, bacterial burden in the lungs and spleen at 4-week after M. bovis challenge. In treatment studies, B5, but not B5-NPs, assisted rifampicin (RIF) with inhibition of bacterial replication in the lungs and spleen. Moreover, B5 alone also significantly reduced the bacterial load in the lungs and spleen. Altogether, our findings highlight the significance of the B5-PLGA NPs in terms of promoting the immune effect of BCG and the B5 in enhancing the therapeutic effect of RIF against M. bovis.
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22
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Naz F, Arish M. GPCRs as an emerging host-directed therapeutic target against mycobacterial infection: From notion to reality. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 179:4899-4909. [PMID: 33150959 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) is one of the successful pathogens and claim millions of deaths across the globe. The emergence of drug resistance in M. tb has created new hurdles in the tuberculosis elimination programme worldwide. Hence, there is an unmet medical need for alternative therapy, which could be achieved by targeting the host's critical signalling pathways that are compromised during M. tb infection. In this review, we have summarized some of the findings involving the modulation of host GPCRs in the regulation of the mycobacterial infection. Understanding the role of these GPCRs not only unravels signalling pathways during infection but also provides clues for targeting critical signalling intermediates for the development of GPCR-based host-directive therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farha Naz
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Science, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Mohd Arish
- JH-Institute of Molecular Medicine, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, 110062, India.,Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
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23
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Asay BC, Edwards BB, Andrews J, Ramey ME, Richard JD, Podell BK, Gutiérrez JFM, Frank CB, Magunda F, Robertson GT, Lyons M, Ben-Hur A, Lenaerts AJ. Digital Image Analysis of Heterogeneous Tuberculosis Pulmonary Pathology in Non-Clinical Animal Models using Deep Convolutional Neural Networks. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6047. [PMID: 32269234 PMCID: PMC7142129 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62960-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Efforts to develop effective and safe drugs for treatment of tuberculosis require preclinical evaluation in animal models. Alongside efficacy testing of novel therapies, effects on pulmonary pathology and disease progression are monitored by using histopathology images from these infected animals. To compare the severity of disease across treatment cohorts, pathologists have historically assigned a semi-quantitative histopathology score that may be subjective in terms of their training, experience, and personal bias. Manual histopathology therefore has limitations regarding reproducibility between studies and pathologists, potentially masking successful treatments. This report describes a pathologist-assistive software tool that reduces these user limitations, while providing a rapid, quantitative scoring system for digital histopathology image analysis. The software, called 'Lesion Image Recognition and Analysis' (LIRA), employs convolutional neural networks to classify seven different pathology features, including three different lesion types from pulmonary tissues of the C3HeB/FeJ tuberculosis mouse model. LIRA was developed to improve the efficiency of histopathology analysis for mouse tuberculosis infection models, this approach has also broader applications to other disease models and tissues. The full source code and documentation is available from https://Github.com/TB-imaging/LIRA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryce C Asay
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Blake Blue Edwards
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
- Department of Computer Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Jenna Andrews
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Michelle E Ramey
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Jameson D Richard
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Brendan K Podell
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Juan F Muñoz Gutiérrez
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Chad B Frank
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Forgivemore Magunda
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Gregory T Robertson
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Michael Lyons
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Asa Ben-Hur
- Department of Computer Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Anne J Lenaerts
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America.
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24
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Bucsan AN, Mehra S, Khader SA, Kaushal D. The current state of animal models and genomic approaches towards identifying and validating molecular determinants of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and tuberculosis disease. Pathog Dis 2020; 77:5543892. [PMID: 31381766 PMCID: PMC6687098 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftz037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal models are important in understanding both the pathogenesis of and immunity to tuberculosis (TB). Unfortunately, we are beginning to understand that no animal model perfectly recapitulates the human TB syndrome, which encompasses numerous different stages. Furthermore, Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection is a very heterogeneous event at both the levels of pathogenesis and immunity. This review seeks to establish the current understanding of TB pathogenesis and immunity, as validated in the animal models of TB in active use today. We especially focus on the use of modern genomic approaches in these models to determine the mechanism and the role of specific molecular pathways. Animal models have significantly enhanced our understanding of TB. Incorporation of contemporary technologies such as single cell transcriptomics, high-parameter flow cytometric immune profiling, proteomics, proteomic flow cytometry and immunocytometry into the animal models in use will further enhance our understanding of TB and facilitate the development of treatment and vaccination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison N Bucsan
- Tulane Center for Tuberculosis Research, Covington, LA, USA.,Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA
| | - Smriti Mehra
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA
| | | | - Deepak Kaushal
- Tulane Center for Tuberculosis Research, Covington, LA, USA.,Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA.,Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.,Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
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25
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Harjula SKE, Saralahti AK, Ojanen MJT, Rantapero T, Uusi-Mäkelä MIE, Nykter M, Lohi O, Parikka M, Rämet M. Characterization of immune response against Mycobacterium marinum infection in the main hematopoietic organ of adult zebrafish (Danio rerio). DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 103:103523. [PMID: 31626817 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2019.103523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis remains a major global health challenge. To gain information about genes important for defense against tuberculosis, we used a well-established tuberculosis model; Mycobacterium marinum infection in adult zebrafish. To characterize the immunological response to mycobacterial infection at 14 days post infection, we performed a whole-genome level transcriptome analysis using cells from kidney, the main hematopoietic organ of adult zebrafish. Among the upregulated genes, those associated with immune signaling and regulation formed the largest category, whereas the largest group of downregulated genes had a metabolic role. We also performed a forward genetic screen in adult zebrafish and identified a fish line with severely impaired survival during chronic mycobacterial infection. Based on transcriptome analysis, these fish have decreased expression of several immunological genes. Taken together, these results give new information about the genes involved in the defense against mycobacterial infection in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanna-Kaisa E Harjula
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, BioMediTech, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, FI-33014, Tampere University, Finland.
| | - Anni K Saralahti
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, BioMediTech, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, FI-33014, Tampere University, Finland.
| | - Markus J T Ojanen
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, BioMediTech, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, FI-33014, Tampere University, Finland; Laboratory of Immunoregulation, BioMediTech, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, FI-33014, Tampere University, Finland.
| | - Tommi Rantapero
- Laboratory of Computational Biology, BioMediTech, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, FI-33014, Tampere University, Finland.
| | - Meri I E Uusi-Mäkelä
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, BioMediTech, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, FI-33014, Tampere University, Finland.
| | - Matti Nykter
- Laboratory of Computational Biology, BioMediTech, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, FI-33014, Tampere University, Finland.
| | - Olli Lohi
- Tampere Center for Child Health Research, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Center, Tampere University Hospital, FI-33014, Tampere University, Finland.
| | - Mataleena Parikka
- Laboratory of Infection Biology, BioMediTech, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, FI-33014, Tampere University, Finland; Oral and Maxillofacial Unit, Tampere University Hospital, P.O. Box 2000, FI-33521, Tampere, Finland.
| | - Mika Rämet
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, BioMediTech, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, FI-33014, Tampere University, Finland; Department of Pediatrics, Tampere University Hospital, P.O. Box 2000, FI-33521, Tampere, Finland; PEDEGO Research Unit, Medical Research Center Oulu, P.O. Box 8000, FI-90014, University of Oulu, Finland; Department of Children and Adolescents, Oulu University Hospital, P.O. Box 10, FI-90029, OYS, Finland.
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26
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Wong EA, Evans S, Kraus CR, Engelman KD, Maiello P, Flores WJ, Cadena AM, Klein E, Thomas K, White AG, Causgrove C, Stein B, Tomko J, Mattila JT, Gideon H, Lin PL, Reimann KA, Kirschner DE, Flynn JL. IL-10 Impairs Local Immune Response in Lung Granulomas and Lymph Nodes during Early Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2020; 204:644-659. [PMID: 31862711 PMCID: PMC6981067 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1901211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, continues to be a major global health problem. Lung granulomas are organized structures of host immune cells that function to contain the bacteria. Cytokine expression is a critical component of the protective immune response, but inappropriate cytokine expression can exacerbate TB. Although the importance of proinflammatory cytokines in controlling M. tuberculosis infection has been established, the effects of anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-10, in TB are less well understood. To investigate the role of IL-10, we used an Ab to neutralize IL-10 in cynomolgus macaques during M. tuberculosis infection. Anti-IL-10-treated nonhuman primates had similar overall disease outcomes compared with untreated control nonhuman primates, but there were immunological changes in granulomas and lymph nodes from anti-IL-10-treated animals. There was less thoracic inflammation and increased cytokine production in lung granulomas and lymph nodes from IL-10-neutralized animals at 3-4 wk postinfection compared with control animals. At 8 wk postinfection, lung granulomas from IL-10-neutralized animals had reduced cytokine production but increased fibrosis relative to control animals. Although these immunological changes did not affect the overall disease burden during the first 8 wk of infection, we paired computational modeling to explore late infection dynamics. Our findings support that early changes occurring in the absence of IL-10 may lead to better bacterial control later during infection. These unique datasets provide insight into the contribution of IL-10 to the immunological balance necessary for granulomas to control bacterial burden and disease pathology in M. tuberculosis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eileen A Wong
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219
| | - Stephanie Evans
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Carolyn R Kraus
- Nonhuman Primate Reagent Resource, MassBiologics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Boston, MA 02126
| | - Kathleen D Engelman
- Nonhuman Primate Reagent Resource, MassBiologics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Boston, MA 02126
| | - Pauline Maiello
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219
| | - Walter J Flores
- Nonhuman Primate Reagent Resource, MassBiologics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Boston, MA 02126
| | - Anthony M Cadena
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219
| | - Edwin Klein
- Division of Laboratory Animal Resources, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Kayla Thomas
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219
| | - Alexander G White
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219
| | - Chelsea Causgrove
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219
| | - Brianne Stein
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219
| | - Jaime Tomko
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219
| | - Joshua T Mattila
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA 15261; and
| | - Hannah Gideon
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219
| | - P Ling Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15224
| | - Keith A Reimann
- Nonhuman Primate Reagent Resource, MassBiologics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Boston, MA 02126
| | - Denise E Kirschner
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - JoAnne L Flynn
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219;
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27
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Animal Models of Tuberculosis Vaccine Research: An Important Component in the Fight against Tuberculosis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:4263079. [PMID: 32025519 PMCID: PMC6984742 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4263079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is one of the top ten infectious diseases worldwide, and is the leading cause of morbidity from a single infectious agent. M. tuberculosis can cause infection in several species of animals in addition to humans as the natural hosts. Although animal models of TB disease cannot completely simulate the occurrence and development of human TB, they play an important role in studying the pathogenesis, immune responses, and pathological changes as well as for vaccine research. This review summarizes the commonly employed animal models, including mouse, guinea pig, rabbit, rat, goat, cattle, and nonhuman primates, and their characteristics as used in TB vaccine research, and provides a basis for selecting appropriate animal models according to specific research needs. Furthermore, some of the newest animal models used for TB vaccine research (such as humanized animal models, zebrafish, Drosophila, and amoeba) are introduced, and their characteristics and research progress are discussed.
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28
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Bouzeyen R, Haoues M, Barbouche MR, Singh R, Essafi M. FOXO3 Transcription Factor Regulates IL-10 Expression in Mycobacteria-Infected Macrophages, Tuning Their Polarization and the Subsequent Adaptive Immune Response. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2922. [PMID: 31921181 PMCID: PMC6927284 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Alveolar Macrophages play a key role in the development of a robust adaptive immune response against the agent of Tuberculosis (TB), Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb). However, macrophage response is often hampered by the production of IL-10, a potent suppressor of the host immune response. The secretion of IL-10 correlates with TB pathogenesis and persistence in host tissues. Concordantly, inhibition of IL-10 signaling, during BCG vaccination, confers higher protection against M.tb through a sustained Th1 and Th17 responses. Therefore, uncovering host effectors, underlying mycobacteria-induced expression of IL-10, may be beneficial toward the development of IL-10-blocking tools to be used either as adjuvants in preventive vaccination or as adjunct during standard treatment of TB. Here, we investigated the role of FOXO3 transcription factor in mycobacteria-induced secretion of IL-10. We observed that PI3K/Akt/FOXO3 axis regulates IL-10 expression in human macrophages. Knocking down of FOXO3 expression resulted in an increase of IL-10 production in BCG-infected macrophages. The gene reporter assay further confirmed the transcriptional regulation of IL-10 by FOXO3. In silico analysis identified four Forkhead binding motifs on the human IL-10 promoter, from which the typical FOXO3 one at position -203 was the major target as assessed by mutagenesis and CHIP binding assays. Further, we also observed a decrease in gene expression levels of the M1 typical markers (i.e., CD80 and CD86) in SiFOXO3-transfected macrophages while activation of FOXO3 led to the increase in the expression of CD86, MHCI, and MHCII. Finally, co-culture of human lymphocytes with siFOXO3-transfected macrophages, loaded with mycobacterial antigens, showed decreased expression of Th1/Th17 specific markers and a simultaneous increase in expression of IL-4 and IL-10. Taken together, we report for the first time that FOXO3 modulates IL-10 secretion in mycobacteria-infected macrophage, driving their polarization and the subsequent adaptive immune response. This work proposes FOXO3 as a potential target for the development of host-directed strategies for better treatment or prevention of TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania Bouzeyen
- Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections (LTCII), Laboratoire de Recherche 11 (LR11), Institut Pasteur de Tunis (IPT), Tunis, Tunisia
- Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Meriam Haoues
- Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections (LTCII), Laboratoire de Recherche 11 (LR11), Institut Pasteur de Tunis (IPT), Tunis, Tunisia
- Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed-Ridha Barbouche
- Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections (LTCII), Laboratoire de Recherche 11 (LR11), Institut Pasteur de Tunis (IPT), Tunis, Tunisia
- Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ramandeep Singh
- Tuberculosis Research Laboratory, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
| | - Makram Essafi
- Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections (LTCII), Laboratoire de Recherche 11 (LR11), Institut Pasteur de Tunis (IPT), Tunis, Tunisia
- Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
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29
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Sengupta R, Mukherjee S, Moulik S, Mitra S, Chaudhuri SJ, Das NK, Chatterjee U, Chatterjee M. In-situ immune profile of polymorphic vs. macular Indian Post Kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY-DRUGS AND DRUG RESISTANCE 2019; 11:166-176. [PMID: 31542359 PMCID: PMC6904817 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpddr.2019.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Post Kala-azar Dermal Leishmaniasis (PKDL), a sequel of apparently cured Visceral Leishmaniasis presents in South Asia with papulonodular (polymorphic) or hypomelanotic lesions (macular). Till date, the polymorphic variant was considered predominant, constituting 85–90%. However, following active-case surveillance, the proportion of macular PKDL has increased substantially to nearly 50%, necessitating an in-depth analysis of this variant. Accordingly, this study aimed to delineate the cellular infiltrate in macular vis-à-vis polymorphic PKDL. To study the overall histopathology, hematoxylin and eosin staining was performed on lesional sections and phenotyping by immunohistochemistry done in terms of dendritic cells (CD1a), macrophages (CD68), HLA-DR, T-cells (CD8, CD4), B-cells (CD20) and Ki67 along with assessment of the status of circulating homing markers CCL2, CCL7 and CXCL13. In polymorphic cases (n = 20), the cellular infiltration was substantial, whereas in macular lesions (n = 20) it was mild and patchy with relative sparing of the reticular dermis. Although parasite DNA was identified in both variants by ITS-1 PCR, the parasite load was significantly higher in the polymorphic variant and Leishman-Donovan bodies were notably minimally present in macular cases. Both variants demonstrated a decrease in CD1a+ dendritic cells, HLA-DR expression and CD4+ T-cells. In macular cases, the proportion of CD68+ macrophages, CD8+ T-cells and CD20+ B-cells was 4.6 fold, 17.0 fold and 1.6 fold lower than polymorphic cases. The absence of Ki67 positivity and increased levels of chemoattractants suggested dermal homing of these cellular subsets. Taken together, as compared to the polymorphic variant, patients with macular PKDL demonstrated a lower parasite load along with a lesser degree of cellular infiltration, suggesting differences in host-pathogen interactions, which in turn can impact on their disease transmitting potential and responses to chemotherapy. Comparative analysis of immunopathology of polymorphic vs. macular PKDL. Dense lymphohistiocytic infiltrate in polymorphic PKDL. Mild and patchy cellular infiltration in macular PKDL with minimal Leishman Donovan bodies. Decreased presence of CD1a, HLA-DR and CD4+ T-cells in both variants. The presence of CD8+, CD68+and CD20+ cells in polymorphic>>>macular PKDL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritika Sengupta
- Dept. of Pharmacology, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, 700020, India
| | - Shibabrata Mukherjee
- Dept. of Pharmacology, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, 700020, India
| | - Srija Moulik
- Dept. of Pharmacology, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, 700020, India
| | - Sneha Mitra
- Dept. of Pharmacology, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, 700020, India
| | | | - Nilay Kanti Das
- Dept. of Dermatology, Bankura Sammilani Medical College, Bankura, 722102, India
| | - Uttara Chatterjee
- Dept. of Pathology, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, 700020, India.
| | - Mitali Chatterjee
- Dept. of Pharmacology, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, 700020, India.
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Mizuno S, Soma S, Inada H, Kanuma T, Matsuo K, Yasutomi Y. SOCS1 Antagonist–Expressing Recombinant Bacillus Calmette–Guérin Enhances Antituberculosis Protection in a Mouse Model. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 203:188-197. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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31
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Palmer MV, Wiarda J, Kanipe C, Thacker TC. Early Pulmonary Lesions in Cattle Infected via Aerosolized Mycobacterium bovis. Vet Pathol 2019; 56:544-554. [PMID: 30895908 DOI: 10.1177/0300985819833454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium bovis is a serious zoonotic pathogen and the cause of tuberculosis in many mammalian species, most notably, cattle. The hallmark lesion of tuberculosis is the granuloma. It is within the developing granuloma where host and pathogen interact; therefore, it is critical to understand host-pathogen interactions at the granuloma level. Cytokines and chemokines drive cell recruitment, activity, and function and ultimately determine the success or failure of the host to control infection. In calves, early lesions (ie, 15 and 30 days) after experimental aerosol infection were examined microscopically using in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry to demonstrate early infiltrates of CD68+ macrophages within alveoli and alveolar interstitium, as well as the presence of CD4, CD8, and γδ T cells. Unlike lesions at 15 days, lesions at 30 days after infection contained small foci of necrosis among infiltrates of macrophages, lymphocytes, neutrophils, and multinucleated giant cells and extracellular acid-fast bacilli within necrotic areas. At both time points, there was abundant expression of the chemokines CXCL9, MCP-1/CCL2, and the cytokine transforming growth factor (TGF)-β. The proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-1β, as well as the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, were expressed at moderate levels at both time points, while expression of IFN-γ was limited. These findings document the early pulmonary lesions after M. bovis infection in calves and are in general agreement with the proposed pathogenesis of tuberculosis described in laboratory animal and nonhuman primate models of tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell V Palmer
- 1 Bacterial Diseases of Livestock Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Jayne Wiarda
- 1 Bacterial Diseases of Livestock Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA, USA.,2 Immunobiology Graduate Program, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Carly Kanipe
- 1 Bacterial Diseases of Livestock Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA, USA.,2 Immunobiology Graduate Program, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
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Mukherjee S, Sengupta R, Mukhopadhyay D, Braun C, Mitra S, Roy S, Kanti Das N, Chatterjee U, von Stebut E, Chatterjee M. Impaired activation of lesional CD8 + T-cells is associated with enhanced expression of Programmed Death-1 in Indian Post Kala-azar Dermal Leishmaniasis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:762. [PMID: 30679687 PMCID: PMC6345993 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37144-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Post Kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL), caused by Leishmania donovani is the dermal sequel of Visceral Leishmaniasis and importantly, is the proposed disease reservoir. The survival of Leishmania parasites within monocytes/macrophages hinges on its ability to effectively nullify immune activation mechanisms. Thus, delineating the disease-promoting immune mechanisms can facilitate development of immunotherapeutic strategies. Accordingly, in the absence of an animal model, this study aimed to delineate the status of CD8+ T-cells in patients with PKDL. At disease presentation, the absence of CD4+ T-cells at lesional sites was concomitant with an overwhelming infiltration of CD8+ T-cells that demonstrated an absence of Perforin, Granzyme and Zap-70, along with an enhanced expression of Programmed Death-1 (PD-1) and the skin-homing CCL17. Additionally, the lesional CCR4+CD8+ population was associated with an enhanced expression of IL-10 and IL-5. In circulation, the enhanced CD8+CCR4+ T-cell population and raised levels of CCL17/22 was associated with an increased frequency of PD-1, while CD127 was decreased. Taken together, in PKDL, the enhanced plasma and lesional CCL17 accounted for the dermal homing of CD8+CCR4+ T-cells, that along with a concomitant upregulation of PD-1 and IL-10 mediated immune inactivation, emphasizing the need for designing immunotherapies capable of reinvigorating T-cell potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shibabrata Mukherjee
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, 700020, India
| | - Ritika Sengupta
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, 700020, India
| | - Debanjan Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, 700020, India.,Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - Claudia Braun
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, 55131, Germany
| | - Sneha Mitra
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, 700020, India
| | - Susmita Roy
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, 700020, India
| | - Nilay Kanti Das
- Department of Dermatology, Calcutta Medical College, Kolkata, 700073, India
| | - Uttara Chatterjee
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, 700020, India
| | - Esther von Stebut
- Klinik für Dermatologie und Venerologie, Universitätsklinikum Köln, 50937, Koln, Germany
| | - Mitali Chatterjee
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, 700020, India.
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Gao X, Wu C, Wang X, Xu H, Wu Y, Li Y, Jia Y, Wei C, He W, Wang Y, Zhang B. The DosR antigen Rv1737c from Mycobacterium tuberculosis confers inflammation regulation in tuberculosis infection. Scand J Immunol 2018; 89:e12729. [PMID: 30372549 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
There is an urgent need to identify the potential risk factors for activating latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. In this study, we evaluated the immune function of Rv1737c, which is a latency-associated antigen of dormancy survival regulator (DosR) of M. tuberculosis in a mouse model. Our data showed that mice pretreated with recombinant Rv1737c (rRv1737c) exhibited higher levels of antigen-specific antibodies (IgG, IgM and IgA) than sham-treated mice. Following Bacilli Calmette-Guerin (BCG) challenge, rRv1737c adjuvanted with cholera toxin subunit B (CTB) induced diffuse lung inflammation and fibrosis compared to the control mice. The inflammatory pathogenesis due to rRv1737c pre-exposure was associated with a switch in the macrophage phenotype from M1 to activated M2 and was characterized by IL-10 production. Intracellular cytokine analysis further showed that the rRv1737c-pretreated mice exhibited an increased frequency of Th2 cells in the lungs, lymph nodes and spleen after BCG challenge. Furthermore, IFN-γ expression increased in the lungs after rRv1737c pretreatment compared to that in the sham mice. Accordingly, lung cells from rRv1737c-immunized mice stimulated with killed BCG produced higher levels of multiple cytokines, such as IFN-γ, IL-10 and IL-6. The results confirmed that the pathological features of rRv1737c promoted inflammation. Overall, our findings provide direct evidence of the pro-inflammatory function of rRv1737c in a murine model of BCG infection, indicating that Rv1737c is a pathogenic antigen of M. tuberculosis and may be key to the recurrence of latent infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Gao
- The Institute of Clinical Research and Translational Medicine, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Cong Wu
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxia Wang
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hui Xu
- The Institute of Clinical Research and Translational Medicine, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yu Wu
- The Institute of Clinical Research and Translational Medicine, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yonghong Li
- The Institute of Clinical Research and Translational Medicine, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yanjuan Jia
- The Institute of Clinical Research and Translational Medicine, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chaojun Wei
- The Institute of Clinical Research and Translational Medicine, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wenhua He
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yongxiang Wang
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Benzhong Zhang
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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34
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Upadhyay R, Sanchez-Hidalgo A, Wilusz CJ, Lenaerts AJ, Arab J, Yeh J, Stefanisko K, Tarasova NI, Gonzalez-Juarrero M. Host Directed Therapy for Chronic Tuberculosis via Intrapulmonary Delivery of Aerosolized Peptide Inhibitors Targeting the IL-10-STAT3 Pathway. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16610. [PMID: 30413750 PMCID: PMC6226451 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35023-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we demonstrate that aerosols of host directed therapies [HDT] administered during a chronic Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection have bactericidal effect. The pulmonary bacterial load of C57BL/6 mice chronically infected with Mtb was reduced by 1.7 and 0.6 log10CFU after two weeks of treatment via aerosol delivery with ST3-H2A2, [a selective peptide inhibitor of the STAT3 N-terminal domain] or IL10R1-7 [selective peptide inhibitor for the IL-10Ra] respectively and when compared to control mice treated with IL10R1-14 [peptide inhibitor used as negative control] or untreated mice infected with Mtb. Accordingly, when compared to control mice, the bactericidal capacity in mice was enhanced upon treatment with peptide inhibitors ST3-H2A2 and IL10R1-7 as evidenced by higher pulmonary activities of nitric oxide synthase, NADPH oxidase and lysozyme enzymes and decreased arginase enzyme activity. This therapy also modulated important checkpoints [Bcl2, Beclin-1, Atg 5, bax] in the apoptosis-autophagy pathways. Thus, even in the absence of antibiotics, targeting of the host pulmonary IL-10-STAT3 pathway can significantly reduce the Mtb bacilli load in the lungs, modulate the host own bactericidal capacity and apoptosis and autophagy pathways. Our approach here also allows targeting checkpoints of the lungs to determine their specific contribution in pulmonary immunity or pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Upadhyay
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Andrea Sanchez-Hidalgo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Carol J Wilusz
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Anne J Lenaerts
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Jennifer Arab
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Joanna Yeh
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Karen Stefanisko
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Nadya I Tarasova
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Mercedes Gonzalez-Juarrero
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA.
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35
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Harjula SKE, Ojanen MJT, Taavitsainen S, Nykter M, Rämet M. Interleukin 10 mutant zebrafish have an enhanced interferon gamma response and improved survival against a Mycobacterium marinum infection. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10360. [PMID: 29985419 PMCID: PMC6037744 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28511-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis ranks as one of the world’s deadliest infectious diseases causing more than a million casualties annually. IL10 inhibits the function of Th1 type cells, and IL10 deficiency has been associated with an improved resistance against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in a mouse model. Here, we utilized M. marinum infection in the zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a model for studying Il10 in the host response against mycobacteria. Unchallenged, nonsense il10e46/e46 mutant zebrafish were fertile and phenotypically normal. Following a chronic mycobacterial infection, il10e46/e46 mutants showed enhanced survival compared to the controls. This was associated with an increased expression of the Th cell marker cd4-1 and a shift towards a Th1 type immune response, which was demonstrated by the upregulated expression of tbx21 and ifng1, as well as the down-regulation of gata3. In addition, at 8 weeks post infection il10e46/e46 mutant zebrafish had reduced expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines tnfb and il1b, presumably indicating slower progress of the infection. Altogether, our data show that Il10 can weaken the immune defense against M. marinum infection in zebrafish by restricting ifng1 response. Importantly, our findings support the relevance of M. marinum infection in zebrafish as a model for tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanna-Kaisa E Harjula
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, BioMediTech Institute and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Markus J T Ojanen
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, BioMediTech Institute and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.,Laboratory of Immunoregulation, BioMediTech Institute and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Sinja Taavitsainen
- Laboratory of Computational Biology, BioMediTech Institute and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Matti Nykter
- Laboratory of Computational Biology, BioMediTech Institute and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Mika Rämet
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, BioMediTech Institute and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland. .,Department of Pediatrics, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland. .,Department of Children and Adolescents, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland. .,PEDEGO Research Unit and Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
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36
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Moliva JI, Hossfeld AP, Canan CH, Dwivedi V, Wewers MD, Beamer G, Turner J, Torrelles JB. Exposure to human alveolar lining fluid enhances Mycobacterium bovis BCG vaccine efficacy against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in a CD8 + T-cell-dependent manner. Mucosal Immunol 2018; 11:968-978. [PMID: 28930287 PMCID: PMC5860920 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2017.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Current tuberculosis (TB) treatments include chemotherapy and preventative vaccination with Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG). In humans, however, BCG vaccination fails to fully protect against pulmonary TB. Few studies have considered the impact of the human lung mucosa (alveolar lining fluid (ALF)), which modifies the Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) cell wall, revealing alternate antigenic epitopes on the bacterium surface that alter its pathogenicity. We hypothesized that ALF-induced modification of BCG would induce better protection against aerosol infection with M.tb. Here we vaccinated mice with ALF-exposed BCG, mimicking the mycobacterial cell surface properties that would be present in the lung during M.tb infection. ALF-exposed BCG-vaccinated mice were more effective at reducing M.tb bacterial burden in the lung and spleen, and had reduced lung inflammation at late stages of M.tb infection. Improved BCG efficacy was associated with increased numbers of memory CD8+ T cells, and CD8+ T cells with the potential to produce interferon-γ in the lung in response to M.tb challenge. Depletion studies confirmed an essential role for CD8+ T cells in controlling M.tb bacterial burden. We conclude that ALF modifications to the M.tb cell wall in vivo are relevant in the context of vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan I. Moliva
- Dept. Microbial Infection and Immunity, College of Medicine (COM), The Ohio State University (OSU), Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, COM, OSU, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Austin P. Hossfeld
- Dept. Microbial Infection and Immunity, College of Medicine (COM), The Ohio State University (OSU), Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Cynthia H. Canan
- Dept. Microbial Infection and Immunity, College of Medicine (COM), The Ohio State University (OSU), Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Varun Dwivedi
- Dept. Microbial Infection and Immunity, College of Medicine (COM), The Ohio State University (OSU), Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Mark D. Wewers
- Dept. Internal Medicine, Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine Division, COM, OSU, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Gillian Beamer
- Dept. Infectious Diseases and Global Health, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, MA, USA
| | - Joanne Turner
- Dept. Microbial Infection and Immunity, College of Medicine (COM), The Ohio State University (OSU), Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Jordi B. Torrelles
- Dept. Microbial Infection and Immunity, College of Medicine (COM), The Ohio State University (OSU), Columbus, Ohio, USA
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37
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Piergallini TJ, Turner J. Tuberculosis in the elderly: Why inflammation matters. Exp Gerontol 2018; 105:32-39. [PMID: 29287772 PMCID: PMC5967410 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2017.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Growing old is associated with an increase in the basal inflammatory state of an individual and susceptibility to many diseases, including infectious diseases. Evidence is growing to support the concept that inflammation and disease susceptibility in the elderly is linked. Our studies focus on the infectious disease tuberculosis (TB), which is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb), a pathogen that infects approximately one fourth of the world's population. Aging is a major risk factor for developing TB, and inflammation has been strongly implicated. In this review we will discuss the relationship between inflammation in the lung and susceptibility to develop and succumb to TB in old age. Further understanding of the relationship between inflammation, age, and M.tb will lead to informed decisions about TB prevention and treatment strategies that are uniquely designed for the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tucker J Piergallini
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227, United States; College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Joanne Turner
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227, United States.
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38
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De Santis M, Locati M, Selmi C. The elegance of a macrophage. Cell Mol Immunol 2018; 15:196-198. [PMID: 28757608 PMCID: PMC5843624 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2017.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maria De Santis
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Massimo Locati
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
- Laboratory of Leukocyte Biology, Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Carlo Selmi
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
- BIOMETRA Department, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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39
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Wang D, Gu X, Liu X, Wei S, Wang B, Fang M. NK cells inhibit anti-Mycobacterium bovis BCG T cell responses and aggravate pulmonary inflammation in a direct lung infection mouse model. Cell Microbiol 2018; 20:e12833. [PMID: 29447423 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis remains a threat to public health. The major problem for curing this disease is latent infection, of which the underlying mechanisms are still not fully understood. Previous studies indicate that natural killer (NK) cells do not play a role in inhibiting the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the lung, and recent studies have revealed that NK cells regulate the adaptive immunity during mycobacterial infection. By using a mouse model of direct lung infection with Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG), we found that the presence of NK cells postponed the priming and activation of T cells after BCG infection. In addition, depletion of NK cells before infection alleviated pulmonary pathology. Further studies showed that NK cells lysed BCG-infected macrophages in an NKG2D dependent manner. Thus, NK cells did not play a direct role in control BCG, but aggravated the pulmonary inflammation and impaired anti-BCG T cell immunity, likely through killing BCG-infected macrophages. Our results may have important implications for the design of immune therapy to treat tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongfang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuling Gu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoman Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Songtao Wei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Min Fang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,International College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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40
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Abstract
Granulomas are organized aggregates of macrophages, often with characteristic morphological changes, and other immune cells. These evolutionarily ancient structures form in response to persistent particulate stimuli-infectious or noninfectious-that individual macrophages cannot eradicate. Granulomas evolved as protective responses to destroy or sequester particles but are frequently pathological in the context of foreign bodies, infections, and inflammatory diseases. We summarize recent findings that suggest that the granulomatous response unfolds in a stepwise program characterized by a series of macrophage activations and transformations that in turn recruit additional cells and produce structural changes. We explore why different granulomas vary and the reasons that granulomas are protective and pathogenic. Understanding the mechanisms and role of granuloma formation may uncover new therapies for the multitude of granulomatous diseases that constitute serious medical problems while enhancing the protective function of granulomas in infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio J Pagán
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom; , .,MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, United Kingdom
| | - Lalita Ramakrishnan
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom; , .,MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, United Kingdom
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41
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Zondervan NA, van Dam JCJ, Schaap PJ, Martins Dos Santos VAP, Suarez-Diez M. Regulation of Three Virulence Strategies of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: A Success Story. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E347. [PMID: 29364195 PMCID: PMC5855569 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis remains one of the deadliest diseases. Emergence of drug-resistant and multidrug-resistant M. tuberculosis strains makes treating tuberculosis increasingly challenging. In order to develop novel intervention strategies, detailed understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind the success of this pathogen is required. Here, we review recent literature to provide a systems level overview of the molecular and cellular components involved in divalent metal homeostasis and their role in regulating the three main virulence strategies of M. tuberculosis: immune modulation, dormancy and phagosomal rupture. We provide a visual and modular overview of these components and their regulation. Our analysis identified a single regulatory cascade for these three virulence strategies that respond to limited availability of divalent metals in the phagosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels A Zondervan
- Laboratory of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Jesse C J van Dam
- Laboratory of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Peter J Schaap
- Laboratory of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Vitor A P Martins Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands.
- LifeGlimmer GmbH, Markelstrasse 38, 12163 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Maria Suarez-Diez
- Laboratory of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Locke LW, Kothandaraman S, Tweedle M, Chaney S, Wozniak DJ, Schlesinger LS. Use of a leukocyte-targeted peptide probe as a potential tracer for imaging the tuberculosis granuloma. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2018; 108:201-210. [PMID: 29623875 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Granulomas are the histopathologic hallmark of tuberculosis (TB), both in latency and active disease. Diagnostic and therapeutic strategies that specifically target granulomas have not been developed. Our objective is to develop a probe for imaging relevant immune cell populations infiltrating the granuloma. We report the binding specificity of Cyanine 3 (Cy3)-labeled cFLFLFK-PEG12 to human leukocytes and cellular constituents within a human in vitro granuloma model. We also report use of the probe in in vivo studies using a mouse model of lung granulomatous inflammation. We found that the probe preferentially binds human neutrophils and macrophages in human granuloma structures. Inhibition studies showed that peptide binding to human neutrophils is mediated by the receptor formyl peptide receptor 1 (FPR1). Imaging the distribution of intravenously administered cFLFLFK-PEG12-Cy3 in the mouse model revealed probe accumulation within granulomatous inflammatory responses in the lung. Further characterization revealed that the probe preferentially associated with neutrophils and cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage. As there is no current clinical diagnostic imaging tool that specifically targets granulomas, the use of this probe in the context of latent and active TB may provide a unique advantage over current clinical imaging probes. We anticipate that utilizing a FPR1-targeted radiopharmaceutical analog of cFLFLFK in preclinical imaging studies may greatly contribute to our understanding of granuloma influx patterns and the biological roles and consequences of FPR1-expressing cells in contributing to disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Landon W Locke
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Center for Microbial Interface Biology, 793 Biomedical Research Tower, 460 W. 12th Avenue, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Shankaran Kothandaraman
- Department of Radiology, The Wright Center for Innovation in Biomedical Imaging, Martha Morehouse Medical Plaza, 2050 Kenny Road, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43221, USA.
| | - Michael Tweedle
- Department of Radiology, The Wright Center for Innovation in Biomedical Imaging, Martha Morehouse Medical Plaza, 2050 Kenny Road, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43221, USA.
| | - Sarah Chaney
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Daniel J Wozniak
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Center for Microbial Interface Biology, 793 Biomedical Research Tower, 460 W. 12th Avenue, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Larry S Schlesinger
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Center for Microbial Interface Biology, 793 Biomedical Research Tower, 460 W. 12th Avenue, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Texas Biomedical Research Institute, 7620 NW Loop 410, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA.
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43
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Zeng G, Zhang G, Chen X. Th1 cytokines, true functional signatures for protective immunity against TB? Cell Mol Immunol 2017; 15:206-215. [PMID: 29151578 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2017.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The lack of an effective preventative vaccine against tuberculosis (TB) presents a great challenge to TB control. Since it takes an extremely long time to accurately determine the protective efficacy of TB vaccines, there is a great need to identify the surrogate signatures of protection to facilitate vaccine development. Unfortunately, antigen-specific Th1 cytokines that are currently used to evaluate the protective efficacy of the TB vaccine, do not align with the protection and failure of TB vaccine candidates in clinical trials. In this review, we discuss the limitation of current Th1 cytokines as surrogates of protection and address the potential elements that should be considered to finalize the true functional signatures of protective immunity against TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gucheng Zeng
- Department of Microbiology, Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control of the Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Guoliang Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518112, China
| | - Xinchun Chen
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
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44
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Pathakumari B, Devasundaram S, Raja A. Altered expression of antigen-specific memory and regulatory T-cell subsets differentiate latent and active tuberculosis. Immunology 2017; 153:325-336. [PMID: 28881482 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Although one-third of the world population is infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, only 5-10% of the infected individuals will develop active tuberculosis (TB) disease and the rest will remain infected with no symptoms, known as latent TB infection (LTBI). Identifying biomarkers that differentiate latent and active TB disease enables effective TB control, as early detection, treatment of active TB and preventive treatment of individuals with LTBI are crucial steps involved in TB control. Here, we have evaluated the frequency of antigen-specific memory and regulatory T (Treg) cells in 15 healthy household contacts (HHC) and 15 pulmonary TB patients (PTB) to identify biomarkers for differential diagnosis of LTBI and active TB. Among all the antigens tested in the present study, early secretory antigenic target-6 (ESAT-6) -specific CD4+ and CD8+ central memory (Tcm) cells showed 93% positivity in HHC and 20% positivity in PTB. The novel test antigens Rv0753c and Rv0009 both displayed 80% and 20% positivity in HHC and PTB, respectively. In contrast to Tcm cells, effector memory T (Tem) cells showed a higher response in PTB than HHC; both ESAT-6 and Rv0009 showed similar positivity of 80% in PTB and 33% in HHC. PTB patients have a higher proportion of circulating antigen-reactive Treg cells (CD4+ CD25+ FoxP3+ ) than LTBI. Rv2204c-specific Treg cells showed maximum positivity of 73% in PTB and 20% in HHC. Collectively, our data conclude that ESAT-6-specific Tcm cells and Rv2204c-specific Treg cells might be useful biomarkers to discriminate LTBI from active TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balaji Pathakumari
- Department of Immunology, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis (ICMR), Chennai, India
| | - Santhi Devasundaram
- Department of Immunology, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis (ICMR), Chennai, India
| | - Alamelu Raja
- Department of Immunology, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis (ICMR), Chennai, India
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Carow B, Gao Y, Terán G, Yang XO, Dong C, Yoshimura A, Rottenberg ME. CISH controls bacterial burden early after infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis in mice. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2017; 107:175-180. [PMID: 29050767 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2017.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/17/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
CISH gene has been associated with increased susceptibility to human tuberculosis. We found that cish-/- mice had higher M. tuberculosis load in spleens and lungs up to 2.5 weeks after infection but not later compared to controls. Cish mRNA levels were increased in lungs at early and late time points after M. tuberculosis infection. In relation, the titers of inos and tnf mRNA in lungs were reduced early after infection of cish-/- mice. The transfer of cish-/- and control T cells conferred rag1-/- mice similar protection to infection with M. tuberculosis. Macrophages showed increased cish mRNA levels after M. tuberculosis infection in vitro. However, mycobacterial uptake and growth in cish-/- and control macrophages was similar. Thus, we here show that CISH mediates control of M. tuberculosis in mice early after infection via regulation of innate immune mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berit Carow
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yu Gao
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Graciela Terán
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden; Immunoparasitology Unit, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, La Paz, Bolivia
| | - Xuexian O Yang
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Chen Dong
- Institute for Immunology and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Akihiko Yoshimura
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Martin E Rottenberg
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden.
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46
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Torrelles JB, Schlesinger LS. Integrating Lung Physiology, Immunology, and Tuberculosis. Trends Microbiol 2017; 25:688-697. [PMID: 28366292 PMCID: PMC5522344 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2017.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Lungs are directly exposed to the air, have enormous surface area, and enable gas exchange in air-breathing animals. They are constantly 'attacked' by microbes from both outside and inside and thus possess a unique, highly regulated local immune defense system which efficiently allows for microbial clearance while minimizing damaging inflammatory responses. As a prototypic host-adapted airborne pathogen, Mycobacterium tuberculosis traverses the lung and has several 'interaction points' (IPs) which it must overcome to cause infection. These interactions are critical, not only from a pathogenesis perspective but also in considering the effectiveness of therapies and vaccines in the lungs. Here we discuss emerging views on immunologic interactions occurring in the lungs for M. tuberculosis and their impact on infection and persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi B Torrelles
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, College of Medicine, and the Center for Microbial Interface Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Larry S Schlesinger
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, College of Medicine, and the Center for Microbial Interface Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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Abstract
Tuberculosis remains one of the greatest threats to human health. The causative bacterium, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is acquired by the respiratory route. It is exquisitely adapted to humans and is a prototypic intracellular pathogen of macrophages, with alveolar macrophages being the primary conduit of infection and disease. However, M. tuberculosis bacilli interact with and are affected by several soluble and cellular components of the innate immune system which dictate the outcome of primary infection, most commonly a latently infected healthy human host, in whom the bacteria are held in check by the host immune response within the confines of tissue granuloma, the host histopathologic hallmark. Such individuals can develop active TB later in life with impairment in the immune system. In contrast, in a minority of infected individuals, the early host immune response fails to control bacterial growth, and progressive granulomatous disease develops, facilitating spread of the bacilli via infectious aerosols. The molecular details of the M. tuberculosis-host innate immune system interaction continue to be elucidated, particularly those occurring within the lung. However, it is clear that a number of complex processes are involved at the different stages of infection that may benefit either the bacterium or the host. In this article, we describe a contemporary view of the molecular events underlying the interaction between M. tuberculosis and a variety of cellular and soluble components and processes of the innate immune system.
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48
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Abstract
This article describes the nature of the host response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the mouse and guinea pig models of infection. It describes the great wealth of information obtained from the mouse model, reflecting the general availability of immunological reagents, as well as genetic manipulations of the mouse strains themselves. This has led to a good understanding of the nature of the T-cell response to the infection, as well as an appreciation of the complexity of the response involving multiple cytokine- and chemokine-mediated systems. As described here and elsewhere, we have a growing understanding of how multiple CD4-positive T-cell subsets are involved, including regulatory T cells, TH17 cells, as well as the subsequent emergence of effector and central memory T-cell subsets. While, in contrast, our understanding of the host response in the guinea pig model is less advanced, considerable strides have been made in the past decade in terms of defining the basis of the immune response, as well as a better understanding of the immunopathologic process. This model has long been the gold standard for vaccine testing, and more recently is being revisited as a model for testing new drug regimens (bedaquiline being the latest example).
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49
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Moreira-Teixeira L, Redford PS, Stavropoulos E, Ghilardi N, Maynard CL, Weaver CT, Freitas do Rosário AP, Wu X, Langhorne J, O'Garra A. T Cell-Derived IL-10 Impairs Host Resistance to Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 199:613-623. [PMID: 28584007 PMCID: PMC5502318 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity, causing ∼1.5 million deaths annually. CD4+ T cells and several cytokines, such as the Th1 cytokine IFN-γ, are critical in the control of this infection. Conversely, the immunosuppressive cytokine IL-10 has been shown to dampen Th1 cell responses to M. tuberculosis infection impairing bacterial clearance. However, the critical cellular source of IL-10 during M. tuberculosis infection is still unknown. Using IL-10 reporter mice, we show in this article that during the first 14 d of M. tuberculosis infection, the predominant cells expressing IL-10 in the lung were Ly6C+ monocytes. However, after day 21 postinfection, IL-10–expressing T cells were also highly represented. Notably, mice deficient in T cell–derived IL-10, but not mice deficient in monocyte-derived IL-10, showed a significant reduction in lung bacterial loads during chronic M. tuberculosis infection compared with fully IL-10–competent mice, indicating a major role for T cell–derived IL-10 in TB susceptibility. IL-10–expressing cells were detected among both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, expressed high levels of CD44 and Tbet, and were able to coproduce IFN-γ and IL-10 upon ex vivo stimulation. Furthermore, during M. tuberculosis infection, Il10 expression in CD4+ T cells was partially regulated by both IL-27 and type I IFN signaling. Together, our data reveal that, despite the multiple immune sources of IL-10 during M. tuberculosis infection, activated effector T cells are the major source accounting for IL-10–induced TB susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lúcia Moreira-Teixeira
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Infection, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, United Kingdom;
| | - Paul S Redford
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Infection, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, United Kingdom
| | - Evangelos Stavropoulos
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Infection, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, United Kingdom
| | - Nico Ghilardi
- Department of Immunology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080
| | - Craig L Maynard
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Casey T Weaver
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | | | - Xuemei Wu
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Infection, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, United Kingdom
| | - Jean Langhorne
- Malaria Immunology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, United Kingdom; and
| | - Anne O'Garra
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Infection, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, United Kingdom.,National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW3 6NP, United Kingdom
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50
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Moliva JI, Turner J, Torrelles JB. Immune Responses to Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Vaccination: Why Do They Fail to Protect against Mycobacterium tuberculosis? Front Immunol 2017; 8:407. [PMID: 28424703 PMCID: PMC5380737 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb), the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), is the current leading cause of death due to a single infectious organism. Although curable, the broad emergence of multi-, extensive-, extreme-, and total-drug resistant strains of M.tb has hindered eradication efforts of this pathogen. Furthermore, computational models predict a quarter of the world’s population is infected with M.tb in a latent state, effectively serving as the largest reservoir for any human pathogen with the ability to cause significant morbidity and mortality. The World Health Organization has prioritized new strategies for improved vaccination programs; however, the lack of understanding of mycobacterial immunity has made it difficult to develop new successful vaccines. Currently, Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) is the only vaccine approved for use to prevent TB. BCG is highly efficacious at preventing meningeal and miliary TB, but is at best 60% effective against the development of pulmonary TB in adults and wanes as we age. In this review, we provide a detailed summary on the innate immune response of macrophages, dendritic cells, and neutrophils in response to BCG vaccination. Additionally, we discuss adaptive immune responses generated by BCG vaccination, emphasizing their specific contributions to mycobacterial immunity. The success of future vaccines against TB will directly depend on our understanding of mycobacterial immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan I Moliva
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Joanne Turner
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,Center for Microbial Interface Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jordi B Torrelles
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,Center for Microbial Interface Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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