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Wu Z, Lamao Q, Gu M, Jin X, Liu Y, Tian F, Yu Y, Yuan P, Gao S, Fulford TS, Uldrich AP, Wong CC, Wei W. Unsynchronized butyrophilin molecules dictate cancer cell evasion of Vγ9Vδ2 T-cell killing. Cell Mol Immunol 2024; 21:362-373. [PMID: 38374404 PMCID: PMC10978999 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-024-01135-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Vγ9Vδ2 T cells are specialized effector cells that have gained prominence as immunotherapy agents due to their ability to target and kill cells with altered pyrophosphate metabolites. In our effort to understand how cancer cells evade the cell-killing activity of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells, we performed a comprehensive genome-scale CRISPR screening of cancer cells. We found that four molecules belonging to the butyrophilin (BTN) family, specifically BTN2A1, BTN3A1, BTN3A2, and BTN3A3, are critically important and play unique, nonoverlapping roles in facilitating the destruction of cancer cells by primary Vγ9Vδ2 T cells. The coordinated function of these BTN molecules was driven by synchronized gene expression, which was regulated by IFN-γ signaling and the RFX complex. Additionally, an enzyme called QPCTL was shown to play a key role in modifying the N-terminal glutamine of these BTN proteins and was found to be a crucial factor in Vγ9Vδ2 T cell killing of cancer cells. Through our research, we offer a detailed overview of the functional genomic mechanisms that underlie how cancer cells escape Vγ9Vδ2 T cells. Moreover, our findings shed light on the importance of the harmonized expression and function of gene family members in modulating T-cell activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeguang Wu
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University Genome Editing Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Qiezhong Lamao
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University Genome Editing Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Meichao Gu
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University Genome Editing Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Xuanxuan Jin
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University Genome Editing Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University Genome Editing Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Tian
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University Genome Editing Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Yu
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University Genome Editing Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Pengfei Yuan
- EdiGene Inc., Life Science Park, Changping District, 102206, Beijing, China
| | - Shuaixin Gao
- Center for Precision Medicine Multi-Omics Research, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Thomas S Fulford
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Adam P Uldrich
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Catherine Cl Wong
- State Key Laboratory for Complex, Severe and Rare Diseases, Clinical Research Institute, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, 100871, Beijing, China.
| | - Wensheng Wei
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University Genome Editing Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China.
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Fischer K, Bradlerova M, Decker T, Supper V. Vγ9+Vδ2+ T cell control of Listeria monocytogenes growth in infected epithelial cells requires butyrophilin 3A genes. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18651. [PMID: 37903831 PMCID: PMC10616279 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45587-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracellular bacteria produce antigens, which serve as potent activators of γδ T cells. Phosphoantigens are presented via a complex of butyrophilins (BTN) to signal infection to human Vγ9+Vδ2+ T cells. Here, we established an in vitro system allowing for studies of Vγ9+Vδ2+ T cell activity in coculture with epithelial cells infected with the intracellular bacterial pathogen Listeria monocytogenes. We report that the Vγ9+Vδ2+ T cells efficiently control L. monocytogenes growth in such cultures. This effector function requires the expression of members of the BTN3A family on epithelial cells. Specifically, we observed a BTN3A1-independent BTN3A3 activity to present antigen to Vγ9+Vδ2+ T cells. Since BTN3A1 is the only BTN3A associated with phosphoantigen presentation, our study suggests that BTN3A3 may present different classes of antigens to mediate Vγ9+Vδ2+ T cell effector function against L. monocytogenes-infected epithelia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Fischer
- Max Perutz Labs, Vienna Biocenter Campus (VBC), Vienna, Austria
- Department of Microbiology, Immunobiology and Genetics, Center for Molecular Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michaela Bradlerova
- Max Perutz Labs, Vienna Biocenter Campus (VBC), Vienna, Austria
- Department of Microbiology, Immunobiology and Genetics, Center for Molecular Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Decker
- Max Perutz Labs, Vienna Biocenter Campus (VBC), Vienna, Austria.
- Department of Microbiology, Immunobiology and Genetics, Center for Molecular Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Verena Supper
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, Vienna, Austria
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3
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Yuan L, Ma X, Yang Y, Qu Y, Li X, Zhu X, Ma W, Duan J, Xue J, Yang H, Huang JW, Yi S, Zhang M, Cai N, Zhang L, Ding Q, Lai K, Liu C, Zhang L, Liu X, Yao Y, Zhou S, Li X, Shen P, Chang Q, Malwal SR, He Y, Li W, Chen C, Chen CC, Oldfield E, Guo RT, Zhang Y. Phosphoantigens glue butyrophilin 3A1 and 2A1 to activate Vγ9Vδ2 T cells. Nature 2023; 621:840-848. [PMID: 37674084 PMCID: PMC10533412 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06525-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
In both cancer and infections, diseased cells are presented to human Vγ9Vδ2 T cells through an 'inside out' signalling process whereby structurally diverse phosphoantigen (pAg) molecules are sensed by the intracellular domain of butyrophilin BTN3A11-4. Here we show how-in both humans and alpaca-multiple pAgs function as 'molecular glues' to promote heteromeric association between the intracellular domains of BTN3A1 and the structurally similar butyrophilin BTN2A1. X-ray crystallography studies visualized that engagement of BTN3A1 with pAgs forms a composite interface for direct binding to BTN2A1, with various pAg molecules each positioned at the centre of the interface and gluing the butyrophilins with distinct affinities. Our structural insights guided mutagenesis experiments that led to disruption of the intracellular BTN3A1-BTN2A1 association, abolishing pAg-mediated Vγ9Vδ2 T cell activation. Analyses using structure-based molecular-dynamics simulations, 19F-NMR investigations, chimeric receptor engineering and direct measurement of intercellular binding force revealed how pAg-mediated BTN2A1 association drives BTN3A1 intracellular fluctuations outwards in a thermodynamically favourable manner, thereby enabling BTN3A1 to push off from the BTN2A1 ectodomain to initiate T cell receptor-mediated γδ T cell activation. Practically, we harnessed the molecular-glue model for immunotherapeutics design, demonstrating chemical principles for developing both small-molecule activators and inhibitors of human γδ T cell function.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Humans
- Antigens, CD/immunology
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Butyrophilins/immunology
- Butyrophilins/metabolism
- Camelids, New World/immunology
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Molecular Dynamics Simulation
- Phosphoproteins/immunology
- Phosphoproteins/metabolism
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes/cytology
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Crystallography, X-Ray
- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular
- Thermodynamics
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Affiliation(s)
- Linjie Yuan
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xianqiang Ma
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yunyun Yang
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yingying Qu
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Li
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Weiwei Ma
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Jing Xue
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Haoyu Yang
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Wen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Simin Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ningning Cai
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Qingyang Ding
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Kecheng Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lilan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinyi Liu
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yirong Yao
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuqi Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Panpan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qing Chang
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Technology Center for Protein Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Satish R Malwal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Yuan He
- Research Beyond Borders, Boehringer Ingelheim (China), Shanghai, China
| | - Wenqi Li
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Technology Center for Protein Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Chunlai Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Chun-Chi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Eric Oldfield
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Rey-Ting Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Yonghui Zhang
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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Hajdara A, Çakır U, Érsek B, Silló P, Széky B, Barna G, Faqi S, Gyöngy M, Kárpáti S, Németh K, Mayer B. Targeting Melanoma-Associated Fibroblasts (MAFs) with Activated γδ (Vδ2) T Cells: An In Vitro Cytotoxicity Model. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12893. [PMID: 37629075 PMCID: PMC10454423 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) has gained considerable scientific attention by playing a role in immunosuppression and tumorigenesis. Besides tumor cells, TME is composed of various other cell types, including cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs or MAFs when referring to melanoma-derived CAFs) and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), a subpopulation of which is labeled as γδ T cells. Since the current anti-cancer therapies using γδ T cells in various cancers have exhibited mixed treatment responses, to better understand the γδ T cell biology in melanoma, our research group aimed to investigate whether activated γδ T cells are capable of killing MAFs. To answer this question, we set up an in vitro platform using freshly isolated Vδ2-type γδ T cells and cultured MAFs that were biobanked from our melanoma patients. This study proved that the addition of zoledronic acid (1-2.5 µM) to the γδ T cells was necessary to drive MAFs into apoptosis. The MAF cytotoxicity of γδ T cells was further enhanced by using the stimulatory clone 20.1 of anti-BTN3A1 antibody but was reduced when anti-TCR γδ or anti-BTN2A1 antibodies were used. Since the administration of zoledronic acid is safe and tolerable in humans, our results provide further data for future clinical studies on the treatment of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Hajdara
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (A.H.); (U.Ç.); (P.S.); (B.S.); (S.F.); (S.K.); (K.N.)
- Roska Tamás Doctoral School of Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Uğur Çakır
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (A.H.); (U.Ç.); (P.S.); (B.S.); (S.F.); (S.K.); (K.N.)
| | - Barbara Érsek
- Department of Genetics, Cell and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Pálma Silló
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (A.H.); (U.Ç.); (P.S.); (B.S.); (S.F.); (S.K.); (K.N.)
| | - Balázs Széky
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (A.H.); (U.Ç.); (P.S.); (B.S.); (S.F.); (S.K.); (K.N.)
- Roska Tamás Doctoral School of Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Barna
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Shaaban Faqi
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (A.H.); (U.Ç.); (P.S.); (B.S.); (S.F.); (S.K.); (K.N.)
- Károly Rácz Doctoral School of Clinical Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Miklós Gyöngy
- Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Sarolta Kárpáti
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (A.H.); (U.Ç.); (P.S.); (B.S.); (S.F.); (S.K.); (K.N.)
| | - Krisztián Németh
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (A.H.); (U.Ç.); (P.S.); (B.S.); (S.F.); (S.K.); (K.N.)
| | - Balázs Mayer
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (A.H.); (U.Ç.); (P.S.); (B.S.); (S.F.); (S.K.); (K.N.)
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5
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Firth J, Sun J, George V, Huang JD, Bajaj-Elliott M, Gustafsson K. Bacterial outer-membrane vesicles promote Vγ9Vδ2 T cell oncolytic activity. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1198996. [PMID: 37529036 PMCID: PMC10388717 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1198996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Increasing evidence suggests the immune activation elicited by bacterial outer-membrane vesicles (OMVs) can initiate a potent anti-tumor immunity, facilitating the recognition and destruction of malignant cells. At present the pathways underlying this response remain poorly understood, though a role for innate-like cells such as γδ T cells has been suggested. Methods Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy donors were co-cultured with E. coli MG1655 Δpal ΔlpxM OMVs and corresponding immune activation studied by cell marker expression and cytokine production. OMV-activated γδ T cells were co-cultured with cancer cell lines to determine cytotoxicity. Results The vesicles induced a broad inflammatory response with γδ T cells observed as the predominant cell type to proliferate post-OMV challenge. Notably, the majority of γδ T cells were of the Vγ9Vδ2 type, known to respond to both bacterial metabolites and stress markers present on tumor cells. We observed robust cytolytic activity of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells against both breast and leukaemia cell lines (SkBr3 and Nalm6 respectively) after OMV-mediated expansion. Conclusions Our findings identify for the first time, that OMV-challenge stimulates the expansion of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells which subsequently present anti-tumor capabilities. We propose that OMV-mediated immune activation leverages the anti-microbial/anti-tumor capacity of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells, an axis amenable for improved future therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Firth
- Department of Biochemical Engineering University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jingjing Sun
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Vaques George
- Department of Biochemical Engineering University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jian-Dong Huang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Mona Bajaj-Elliott
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London (UCL), London, United Kingdom
| | - Kenth Gustafsson
- Department of Biochemical Engineering University College London, London, United Kingdom
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6
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Li GQ, Xia J, Zeng W, Luo W, Liu L, Zeng X, Cao D. The intestinal γδ T cells: functions in the gut and in the distant organs. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1206299. [PMID: 37398661 PMCID: PMC10311558 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1206299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Located in the frontline against the largest population of microbiota, the intestinal mucosa of mammals has evolved to become an effective immune system. γδ T cells, a unique T cell subpopulation, are rare in circulation blood and lymphoid tissues, but rich in the intestinal mucosa, particularly in the epithelium. Via rapid production of cytokines and growth factors, intestinal γδ T cells are key contributors to epithelial homeostasis and immune surveillance of infection. Intriguingly, recent studies have revealed that the intestinal γδ T cells may play novel exciting functions ranging from epithelial plasticity and remodeling in response to carbohydrate diets to the recovery of ischemic stroke. In this review article, we update regulatory molecules newly defined in lymphopoiesis of the intestinal γδ T cells and their novel functions locally in the intestinal mucosa, such as epithelial remodeling, and distantly in pathological setting, e.g., ischemic brain injury repair, psychosocial stress responses, and fracture repair. The challenges and potential revenues in intestinal γδ T cell studies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Qing Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Clinical Research Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Basic and Clinical Pharmacological Research on Gastrointestinal Tumors, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Jiliang Xia
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Cancer Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Weihong Zeng
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Cancer Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Weijia Luo
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Cancer Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Logen Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Basic and Clinical Pharmacological Research on Gastrointestinal Tumors, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Xi Zeng
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Cancer Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Deliang Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Clinical Research Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Cancer Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
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7
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Umeyama Y, Taniguchi H, Gyotoku H, Senju H, Tomono H, Takemoto S, Yamaguchi H, Tagod MSO, Iwasaki M, Tanaka Y, Mukae H. Three distinct mechanisms underlying human γδ T cell-mediated cytotoxicity against malignant pleural mesothelioma. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1058838. [PMID: 37006249 PMCID: PMC10063812 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1058838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionMalignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a rare and highly aggressive thoracic tumor with poor prognosis and limited therapeutic options. Although immune checkpoint inhibitors exhibit a promising effect in some patients with unresectable MPM in clinical trials, the majority of MPM patients show only modest response rates to the currently available treatments. It is thus imperative to develop novel and innovative therapeutic modalities for MPM, including immune effector cell-based therapies.Methodsγδ T cells were expanded using tetrakis-pivaloyloxymethyl 2-(thiazole-2-ylamino) ethylidene-1,1-bisphosphonate (PTA) and interleukin-2, and the therapeutic potential of γδ T cells was examined through analyzing cell surface markers and cellular cytotoxicity against MPM in vitro using a europium chelate-based time-resolved fluorescence assay system and a luciferase-based luminescence assay system.Results and discussionWe successfully expanded γδ T cells from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of healthy donors and MPM patients. γδ T cells expressed natural killer receptors such as NKG2D and DNAM-1 and exhibited a moderate level of cytotoxicity to MPM cells in the absence of antigens. The inclusion of PTA, (E)-4-hydroxy-3- methylbut-2-enyl diphosphate (HMBPP) or zoledronic acid (ZOL) induced a TCR-dependent cytotoxicity in γδ T cells and secreted interferon-γ (IFN-γ). In addition, γδ T cells expressing CD16 exhibited a significant level of cytotoxicity against MPM cells in the presence of an anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mAb, at lower concentrations than in clinical settings, whereas a detectable level of IFN-γ was not produced. Taken together, γδ T cells showed cytotoxic activity against MPM in three distinct mechanisms through NK receptors, TCRs and CD16. Since major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules are not involved in the recognition, both autologous and allogeneic γδ T cells could be used for the development of γδ T cell-based adoptive immunotherapy for MPM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Umeyama
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- Center for Medical Innovation, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Taniguchi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- *Correspondence: Hirokazu Taniguchi,
| | - Hiroshi Gyotoku
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Senju
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Senju Hospital, Sasebo, Japan
| | - Hiromi Tomono
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- Center for Medical Innovation, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Shinnosuke Takemoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yamaguchi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- Clinical Oncology Center, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | | | - Masashi Iwasaki
- Center for Innovation in Immunoregulative Technology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Tanaka
- Center for Medical Innovation, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- Center for Innovation in Immunoregulative Technology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Mukae
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
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Human Vδ2 T Cells and Their Versatility for Immunotherapeutic Approaches. Cells 2022; 11:cells11223572. [PMID: 36429001 PMCID: PMC9688761 DOI: 10.3390/cells11223572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gamma/delta (γδ) T cells are innate-like immune effectors that are a critical component linking innate and adaptive immune responses. They are recognized for their contribution to tumor surveillance and fight against infectious diseases. γδ T cells are excellent candidates for cellular immunotherapy due to their unique properties to recognize and destroy tumors or infected cells. They do not depend on the recognition of a single antigen but rather a broad-spectrum of diverse ligands through expression of various cytotoxic receptors. In this manuscript, we review major characteristics of the most abundant circulating γδ subpopulation, Vδ2 T cells, their immunotherapeutic potential, recent advances in expansion protocols, their preclinical and clinical applications for several infectious diseases and malignancies, and how additional modulation could enhance their therapeutic potential.
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Kone AS, Ait Ssi S, Sahraoui S, Badou A. BTN3A: A Promising Immune Checkpoint for Cancer Prognosis and Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13424. [PMID: 36362212 PMCID: PMC9653866 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Butyrophilin-3A (BTN3A) subfamily members are a group of immunoglobulins present on the surface of different cell types, including innate and cancer cells. Due to their high similarity with the B7 family members, different studies have been conducted and revealed the involvement of BTN3A molecules in modulating T cell activity within the tumor microenvironment (TME). However, a great part of this research focused on γδ T cells and how BTN3A contributes to their functions. In this review, we will depict the roles and various aspects of BTN3A molecules in distinct tumor microenvironments and review how BTN3A receptors modulate diverse immune effector functions including those of CD4+ (Th1), cytotoxic CD8+ T cells, and NK cells. We will also highlight the potential of BTN3A molecules as therapeutic targets for effective immunotherapy and successful cancer control, which could represent a bright future for patient treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdou-samad Kone
- Laboratory of Immuno-Genetics and Human Pathologies, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Casablanca, Hassan II University, Casablanca 20000, Morocco
| | - Saadia Ait Ssi
- Laboratory of Immuno-Genetics and Human Pathologies, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Casablanca, Hassan II University, Casablanca 20000, Morocco
| | - Souha Sahraoui
- Mohammed VI Center of Oncology, CHU Ibn Rochd, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Casablanca, Hassan II University, Casablanca 20000, Morocco
| | - Abdallah Badou
- Laboratory of Immuno-Genetics and Human Pathologies, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Casablanca, Hassan II University, Casablanca 20000, Morocco
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Okuno D, Sakamoto N, Akiyama Y, Tokito T, Hara A, Kido T, Ishimoto H, Ishimatsu Y, Tagod MSO, Okamura H, Tanaka Y, Mukae H. Two Distinct Mechanisms Underlying γδ T Cell-Mediated Regulation of Collagen Type I in Lung Fibroblasts. Cells 2022; 11:cells11182816. [PMID: 36139391 PMCID: PMC9496746 DOI: 10.3390/cells11182816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a chronic intractable lung disease, leading to respiratory failure and death. Although anti-fibrotic agents delay disease progression, they are not considered curative treatments, and alternative modalities have attracted attention. We examined the effect of human γδ T cells on collagen type I in lung fibroblasts. Collagen type I was markedly reduced in a γδ T cell number-dependent manner following treatment with γδ T cells expanded with tetrakis-pivaloxymethyl 2-(thiazole-2-ylamino) ethylidene-1,1-bisphosphonate (PTA) and interleukin-2. Collagen type I levels remained unchanged on addition of γδ T cells to the culture system through a trans-well culture membrane, suggesting that cell–cell contact is essential for reducing its levels in lung fibroblasts. Re-stimulating γδ T cells with (E)-4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enyl diphosphate (HMBPP) reduced collagen type I levels without cell–cell contact, indicating the existence of HMBPP-induced soluble anti-fibrotic factors in γδ T cells. Adding anti-interferon-γ (IFN-γ)-neutralizing mAb restored collagen type I levels, demonstrating that human γδ T cell-derived IFN-γ reduces collagen type I levels. Conversely, interleukin-18 augmented γδ T cell-induced suppression of collagen type I. Therefore, human γδ T cells reduce collagen levels in lung fibroblasts via two distinct mechanisms; adoptive γδ T cell transfer is potentially a new therapeutic candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Okuno
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Noriho Sakamoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-95-819-7273
| | - Yoshiko Akiyama
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Takatomo Tokito
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Atsuko Hara
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Takashi Kido
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ishimoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Yuji Ishimatsu
- Department of Nursing, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8520, Japan
| | | | - Haruki Okamura
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Cell Therapy, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Tanaka
- Center for Medical Innovation, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Mukae
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
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Gaballa A, Arruda LCM, Uhlin M. Gamma delta T-cell reconstitution after allogeneic HCT: A platform for cell therapy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:971709. [PMID: 36105821 PMCID: PMC9465162 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.971709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Allogeneic Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HCT) is a curative platform for several hematological diseases. Despite its therapeutic benefits, the profound immunodeficiency associated with the transplant procedure remains a major challenge that renders patients vulnerable to several complications. Today, It is well established that a rapid and efficient immune reconstitution, particularly of the T cell compartment is pivotal to both a short-term and a long-term favorable outcome. T cells expressing a TCR heterodimer comprised of gamma (γ) and delta (δ) chains have received particular attention in allo-HCT setting, as a large body of evidence has indicated that γδ T cells can exert favorable potent anti-tumor effects without inducing severe graft versus host disease (GVHD). However, despite their potential role in allo-HCT, studies investigating their detailed reconstitution in patients after allo-HCT are scarce. In this review we aim to shed lights on the current literature and understanding of γδ T cell reconstitution kinetics as well as the different transplant-related factors that may influence γδ reconstitution in allo-HCT. Furthermore, we will present data from available reports supporting a role of γδ cells and their subsets in patient outcome. Finally, we discuss the current and future strategies to develop γδ cell-based therapies to exploit the full immunotherapeutic potential of γδ cells in HCT setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Gaballa
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
- *Correspondence: Ahmed Gaballa,
| | - Lucas C. M. Arruda
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michael Uhlin
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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12
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CD277 agonist enhances the immunogenicity of relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia towards Vδ2 + T cell cytotoxicity. Ann Hematol 2022; 101:2195-2208. [PMID: 35920929 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-022-04930-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Relapse and refractoriness remain the major obstacles in clinical treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Efficacy of current therapeutic strategies for relapsed/refractory (R/R) AML is generally unsatisfying. Vδ2+ T cells have become an attractive candidate for immunotherapy of various types of tumors. However, the results were not exciting in some pilot studies utilizing Vδ2 cell-based protocols to treat R/R AML. Functional receptors on Vδ2 cells and immunogenic ligands on leukemia cells are both critical to the anti-AML effect of Vδ2 cells, which have not been characterized in the context of R/R AML. CD277 can bind to phosphoantigens and promote the activation of Vδ2 cells. Anti-CD277 (clone 20.1) monoclonal antibody (20.1 mAb) has been identified as an agonist of CD277. Whether 20.1 mAb sensitizes R/R AML cells awaits investigation. Herein, we showed that the expressions of activating receptors on Vδ2 cells and CD277 on leukemia cells were deficient in patients with R/R AML. While agonists for NKG2D and TRAIL ligands did not increase the immunogenicity of R/R AML cells, 20.1 mAb significantly enhanced the cytotoxicity of Vδ2 cells on the drug-resistant human AML cell line and different types of primary AML cells from R/R patients. The sensitizing effect of 20.1 mAb was dependent on inducing degranulation of Vδ2 cells. These findings suggest a decisive role of CD277 in mediating the recognition of R/R AML cells by Vδ2+ T cells. CD277 agonist combining adoptive transfer of Vδ2+ T cells may improve the efficacy in the treatment of R/R AML.
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13
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Gamma delta (γδ) T cells in cancer immunotherapy; where it comes from, where it will go? Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 919:174803. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.174803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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14
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Our evolving understanding of the role of the γδ T cell receptor in γδ T cell mediated immunity. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:1985-1995. [PMID: 34515758 PMCID: PMC8589442 DOI: 10.1042/bst20200890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The γδ T cell immune cell lineage has remained relatively enigmatic and under-characterised since their identification. Conversely, the insights we have, highlight their central importance in diverse immunological roles and homeostasis. Thus, γδ T cells are considered as potentially a new translational tool in the design of new therapeutics for cancer and infectious disease. Here we review our current understanding of γδ T cell biology viewed through a structural lens centred on the how the γδ T cell receptor mediates ligand recognition. We discuss the limited knowledge of antigens, the structural basis of such reactivities and discuss the emerging trends of γδ T cell reactivity and implications for γδ T cell biology.
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15
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Alice AF, Kramer G, Bambina S, Bahjat KS, Gough MJ, Crittenden MR. Listeria monocytogenes-infected human monocytic derived dendritic cells activate Vγ9Vδ2 T cells independently of HMBPP production. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16347. [PMID: 34381163 PMCID: PMC8358051 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95908-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Gamma-delta (γδ) T cells express T cell receptors (TCR) that are preconfigured to recognize signs of pathogen infection. In primates, γδ T cells expressing the Vγ9Vδ2 TCR innately recognize (E)-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-but- 2-enyl pyrophosphate (HMBPP), a product of the 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4- phosphate (MEP) pathway in bacteria that is presented in infected cells via interaction with members of the B7 family of costimulatory molecules butyrophilin (BTN) 3A1 and BTN2A1. In humans, Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) vaccine platforms have the potential to generate potent Vγ9Vδ2 T cell recognition. To evaluate the activation of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells by Lm-infected human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (Mo-DC) we engineered Lm strains that lack components of the MEP pathway. Direct infection of Mo-DC with these bacteria were unchanged in their ability to activate CD107a expression in Vγ9Vδ2 T cells despite an inability to synthesize HMBPP. Importantly, functional BTN3A1 was essential for this activation. Unexpectedly, we found that cytoplasmic entry of Lm into human dendritic cells resulted in upregulation of cholesterol metabolism in these cells, and the effect of pathway regulatory drugs suggest this occurs via increased synthesis of the alternative endogenous Vγ9Vδ2 ligand isoprenyl pyrophosphate (IPP) and/or its isomer dimethylallyl pyrophosphate (DMAPP). Thus, following direct infection, host pathways regulated by cytoplasmic entry of Lm can trigger Vγ9Vδ2 T cell recognition of infected cells without production of the unique bacterial ligand HMBPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro F Alice
- Robert W. Franz Cancer Center, Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Portland Medical Center, 4805 NE Glisan St, Portland, OR, 97213, USA
| | - Gwen Kramer
- Robert W. Franz Cancer Center, Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Portland Medical Center, 4805 NE Glisan St, Portland, OR, 97213, USA
| | - Shelly Bambina
- Robert W. Franz Cancer Center, Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Portland Medical Center, 4805 NE Glisan St, Portland, OR, 97213, USA
| | - Keith S Bahjat
- Robert W. Franz Cancer Center, Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Portland Medical Center, 4805 NE Glisan St, Portland, OR, 97213, USA.,Astellas Pharma US, 100 Kimball Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Michael J Gough
- Robert W. Franz Cancer Center, Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Portland Medical Center, 4805 NE Glisan St, Portland, OR, 97213, USA
| | - Marka R Crittenden
- Robert W. Franz Cancer Center, Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Portland Medical Center, 4805 NE Glisan St, Portland, OR, 97213, USA. .,The Oregon Clinic, Portland, OR, 97213, USA.
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16
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Frech M, Schuster G, Andes FT, Schett G, Zaiss MM, Sarter K. RANKL-Induced Btn2a2 - A T Cell Immunomodulatory Molecule - During Osteoclast Differentiation Fine-Tunes Bone Resorption. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:685060. [PMID: 34421818 PMCID: PMC8371446 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.685060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Butyrophilins, which are members of the extended B7 family of immunoregulators structurally related to the B7 family, have diverse functions on immune cells as co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory molecules. Despite recent advances in the understanding on butyrophilins' role on adaptive immune cells during infectious or autoimmune diseases, nothing is known about their role in bone homeostasis. Here, we analyzed the role of one specific butyrophilin, namely Btn2a2, as we have recently shown that Btn2a2 is expressed on the monocyte/macrophage lineage that also gives rise to bone degrading osteoclasts. We found that expression of Btn2a2 on monocytes and pre-osteoclasts is upregulated by the receptor activator of nuclear factor κ-B ligand (RANKL), an essential protein required for osteoclast formation. Interestingly, in Btn2a2-deficient osteoclasts, typical osteoclast marker genes (Nfatc1, cathepsin K, TRAP, and RANK) were downregulated following RANKL stimulation. In vitro osteoclast assays resulted in decreased TRAP positive osteoclast numbers in Btn2a2-deficient cells. However, Btn2a2-deficient osteoclasts revealed abnormal fusion processes shown by their increased size. In vivo steady state µCT and histological analysis of bone architecture in complete Btn2a2-deficient mice showed differences in bone parameters further highlighting the fine-tuning effect of BTN2a2. Moreover, in rheumatoid arthritis patients and experimental arthritis, we detected significantly decreased serum levels of the secreted soluble Btn2a2 protein. Taken together, we identified the involvement of the immunomodulatory molecule Btn2a2 in osteoclast differentiation with potential future implications in basic and translational osteoimmunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Frech
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gregor Schuster
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Fabian T. Andes
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Georg Schett
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mario M. Zaiss
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kerstin Sarter
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
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Chen S, Li Z, Huang W, Wang Y, Fan S. Prognostic and Therapeutic Significance of BTN3A Proteins in Tumors. J Cancer 2021; 12:4505-4512. [PMID: 34149914 PMCID: PMC8210570 DOI: 10.7150/jca.57831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Butyrophilin 3A (BTN3A) family is a type I transmembrane protein belonging to the immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily. The family contains three members: BTN3A1, BTN3A2 and BTN3A3, which share 95% homology in the extracellular domain. The expression of BTN3A family members is different in different types of tumors, which plays an important role in tumor prognosis. Among them, there are many studies on tumor immunity of BTN3A1, which shows that it is essential for the activation of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells, while BTN3A3 is expected to become a potential therapeutic target for breast cancer. Recent studies have shown that the BTN3A family is closely related to the occurrence and development of tumors. Now the BTN3A family has become one of the research hotspots and is expected to become new tumor prediction and treatment targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihan Chen
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,College of Health Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhangyun Li
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenyi Huang
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanyan Wang
- Department of Ultrasonic Medicine, Xuzhou First People's Hospital, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shaohua Fan
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
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γδ T cells suppress Plasmodium falciparum blood-stage infection by direct killing and phagocytosis. Nat Immunol 2021; 22:347-357. [PMID: 33432229 PMCID: PMC7906917 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-020-00847-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Activated Vγ9Vδ2 (γδ2) T lymphocytes that sense parasite-produced phosphoantigens are expanded in Plasmodium falciparum-infected patients. Although previous studies suggested that γδ2 T cells help control erythrocytic malaria, whether γδ2 T cells recognize infected red blood cells (iRBCs) was uncertain. Here we show that iRBCs stained for the phosphoantigen sensor butyrophilin 3A1 (BTN3A1). γδ2 T cells formed immune synapses and lysed iRBCs in a contact, phosphoantigen, BTN3A1 and degranulation-dependent manner, killing intracellular parasites. Granulysin released into the synapse lysed iRBCs and delivered death-inducing granzymes to the parasite. All intra-erythrocytic parasites were susceptible, but schizonts were most sensitive. A second protective γδ2 T cell mechanism was identified. In the presence of patient serum, γδ2 T cells phagocytosed and degraded opsonized iRBCs in a CD16-dependent manner, decreasing parasite multiplication. Thus, γδ2 T cells have two ways to control blood-stage malaria-γδ T cell antigen receptor (TCR)-mediated degranulation and phagocytosis of antibody-coated iRBCs.
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19
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Sasidharan Nair V, Saleh R, Toor SM, Cyprian FS, Elkord E. Metabolic reprogramming of T regulatory cells in the hypoxic tumor microenvironment. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2021; 70:2103-2121. [PMID: 33532902 PMCID: PMC8289790 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-020-02842-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic dysregulation in the hypoxic tumor microenvironment (TME) is considered as a hallmark of solid tumors, leading to changes in biosynthetic pathways favoring onset, survival and proliferation of malignant cells. Within the TME, hypoxic milieu favors metabolic reprogramming of tumor cells, which subsequently affects biological properties of tumor-infiltrating immune cells. T regulatory cells (Tregs), including both circulating and tissue-resident cells, are particularly susceptible to hypoxic metabolic signaling that can reprogram their biological and physicochemical properties. Furthermore, metabolic reprogramming modifies Tregs to utilize alternative substrates and undergo a plethora of metabolic events to meet their energy demands. Major impact of this metabolic reprogramming can result in differentiation, survival, excessive secretion of immunosuppressive cytokines and proliferation of Tregs within the TME, which in turn dampen anti-tumor immune responses. Studies on fine-tuning of Treg metabolism are challenging due to heterogenicity of tissue-resident Tregs and their dynamic functions. In this review, we highlight tumor intrinsic and extrinsic factors, which can influence Treg metabolism in the hypoxic TME. Moreover, we focus on metabolic reprogramming of Tregs that could unveil potential regulatory networks favoring tumorigenesis/progression, and provide novel insights, including inhibitors against acetyl-coA carboxylase 1 and transforming growth factor beta into targeting Treg metabolism for therapeutic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varun Sasidharan Nair
- Cancer Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar
| | - Reem Saleh
- Cancer Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar
| | - Salman M Toor
- Cancer Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar
| | - Farhan S Cyprian
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Member of QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Eyad Elkord
- Biomedical Research Center, School of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, Manchester, M5 4WT, UK.
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20
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Singh KS, Sharma R, Reddy PAN, Vonteddu P, Good M, Sundarrajan A, Choi H, Muthumani K, Kossenkov A, Goldman AR, Tang HY, Totrov M, Cassel J, Murphy ME, Somasundaram R, Herlyn M, Salvino JM, Dotiwala F. RETRACTED ARTICLE: IspH inhibitors kill Gram-negative bacteria and mobilize immune clearance. Nature 2020; 589:597-602. [PMID: 33361818 PMCID: PMC8776033 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-03074-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Isoprenoids are vital to all organisms in supporting core functions of life, like respiration and membrane stability.1 IspH, an enzyme in the methyl erythritol phosphate pathway of isoprenoid synthesis, is essential to gram-negative bacteria, mycobacteria and apicomplexans.2,3 The IspH substrate, HMBPP, is not produced in humans and other metazoans and activates cytotoxic Vγ9Vδ2 T-cells in humans and primates at extremely low concentrations.4-6 We describe novel IspH inhibitors and through structure-guided analog design, refine their potency to nanomolar levels. We have modified these into prodrugs for delivery into bacteria and report that they kill clinical isolates of several multidrug resistant bacterial species such as Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Vibrio, Shigella, Salmonella, Yersinia, Mycobacterium and Bacillus, while being relatively non-toxic to mammalian cells. Proteomic analysis reveals that bacteria treated with prodrugs resemble those with conditional IspH knockdown. Notably, these prodrugs also cause expansion and activation of human Vγ9Vδ2 T-cells in a humanized mouse model of bacterial infection. These IspH prodrugs synergize direct antibiotic killing with a simultaneous rapid immune response by cytotoxic γδ T-cells, which may limit the rise of antibiotic resistant bacterial populations.
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21
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Hsu H, Boudova S, Mvula G, Divala TH, Rach D, Mungwira RG, Boldrin F, Degiacomi G, Manganelli R, Laufer MK, Cairo C. Age-related changes in PD-1 expression coincide with increased cytotoxic potential in Vδ2 T cells during infancy. Cell Immunol 2020; 359:104244. [PMID: 33248366 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2020.104244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Human Vγ9Vδ2 T cells respond to several diverse pathogens by sensing microbial cholesterol intermediates. Unlike CD4 T cells, they are poised for rapid Th1-like responses even before birth, which allows them to play a key role in the first line of defense against pathogens in early life. However, their regulation and functional maturation during infancy (in particular the acquisition of cytotoxic potential) remain understudied. We thus characterized their responses to cholesterol intermediates and Bacille Calmette-Guérin in a cohort of African neonates and 12-month-old infants. Infant Vδ2 lymphocytes exhibited intermediate or adult-like expression of markers associated with differentiation or function, intermediate proliferative responses, and adult-like cytotoxic potential. The enhancement of Vδ2 cell cytotoxic potential coincided with decreasing PD-1 and increasing NKG2A expression. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that switching from a PD-1+ to a NKG2A+ phenotype during infancy indicates a shift in mechanisms regulating Vδ2 T cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoting Hsu
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Sarah Boudova
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Godfrey Mvula
- Blantyre Malaria Project, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Titus H Divala
- Blantyre Malaria Project, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - David Rach
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology Graduate Program, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Randy G Mungwira
- Blantyre Malaria Project, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Francesca Boldrin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Giulia Degiacomi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Miriam K Laufer
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Cristiana Cairo
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.
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22
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Payne KK, Mine JA, Biswas S, Chaurio RA, Perales-Puchalt A, Anadon CM, Costich TL, Harro CM, Walrath J, Ming Q, Tcyganov E, Buras AL, Rigolizzo KE, Mandal G, Lajoie J, Ophir M, Tchou J, Marchion D, Luca VC, Bobrowicz P, McLaughlin B, Eskiocak U, Schmidt M, Cubillos-Ruiz JR, Rodriguez PC, Gabrilovich DI, Conejo-Garcia JR. BTN3A1 governs antitumor responses by coordinating αβ and γδ T cells. Science 2020; 369:942-949. [PMID: 32820120 DOI: 10.1126/science.aay2767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Gamma delta (γδ) T cells infiltrate most human tumors, but current immunotherapies fail to exploit their in situ major histocompatibility complex-independent tumoricidal potential. Activation of γδ T cells can be elicited by butyrophilin and butyrophilin-like molecules that are structurally similar to the immunosuppressive B7 family members, yet how they regulate and coordinate αβ and γδ T cell responses remains unknown. Here, we report that the butyrophilin BTN3A1 inhibits tumor-reactive αβ T cell receptor activation by preventing segregation of N-glycosylated CD45 from the immune synapse. Notably, CD277-specific antibodies elicit coordinated restoration of αβ T cell effector activity and BTN2A1-dependent γδ lymphocyte cytotoxicity against BTN3A1+ cancer cells, abrogating malignant progression. Targeting BTN3A1 therefore orchestrates cooperative killing of established tumors by αβ and γδ T cells and may present a treatment strategy for tumors resistant to existing immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle K Payne
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Jessica A Mine
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Subir Biswas
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Ricardo A Chaurio
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Alfredo Perales-Puchalt
- Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Carmen M Anadon
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Tara Lee Costich
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Carly M Harro
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology, and Molecular Biology and Cancer Biology PhD Program, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Jennifer Walrath
- Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Qianqian Ming
- Drug Discovery, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Evgenii Tcyganov
- Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Andrea L Buras
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Kristen E Rigolizzo
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Gunjan Mandal
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | | | | | - Julia Tchou
- Division of Endocrine and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-1693, USA
| | - Douglas Marchion
- Department of Pathology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Vincent C Luca
- Drug Discovery, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Juan R Cubillos-Ruiz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Paulo C Rodriguez
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Dmitry I Gabrilovich
- Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jose R Conejo-Garcia
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA. .,Department of Gynecologic Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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23
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Sparrow EL, Fowler DW, Fenn J, Caron J, Copier J, Dalgleish AG, Bodman-Smith MD. The cytotoxic molecule granulysin is capable of inducing either chemotaxis or fugetaxis in dendritic cells depending on maturation: a role for Vδ2 + γδ T cells in the modulation of immune response to tumour? Immunology 2020; 161:245-258. [PMID: 32794189 PMCID: PMC7576882 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Release of granulysin by γδ T cells contributes to tumour cell killing. A cytolytic 9000 MW isoform of granulysin kills tumour cells directly, whereas a 15 000 MW precursor has been hypothesized to cause both the maturation and migration of dendritic cell (DC) populations. Recruiting DC to a tumour is beneficial as these cells initiate adaptive immune responses, which contribute to the eradication of malignancies. In this study, Vδ2+ γδ T cells were activated by stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells with zoledronic acid or Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), or were isolated and cultured with tumour targets. Although a large proportion of resting Vδ2+ γδ T cells expressed 15 000 MW granulysin, 9000 MW granulysin expression was induced only after stimulation with BCG. Increased levels of activation and granulysin secretion were also observed when Vδ2+ γδ T cells were cultured with the human B-cell lymphoma line Daudi. High concentrations of recombinant 15 000 MW granulysin caused migration and maturation of immature DC, and also initiated fugetaxis in mature DC. Conversely, low concentrations of recombinant 15 000 MW granulysin resulted in migration of mature DC, but not immature DC. Our data therefore support the hypothesis that Vδ2+ γδ T cells can release granulysin, which may modulate recruitment of DC, initiating adaptive immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L Sparrow
- Infection and Immunity Research Institute, St. George's University of London SW17 0RE, London, UK.,Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre of Cancer Immunotherapy, Southampton General Hospital, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Daniel W Fowler
- Infection and Immunity Research Institute, St. George's University of London SW17 0RE, London, UK
| | - Joe Fenn
- Infection and Immunity Research Institute, St. George's University of London SW17 0RE, London, UK
| | - Jonathan Caron
- Infection and Immunity Research Institute, St. George's University of London SW17 0RE, London, UK
| | - John Copier
- Infection and Immunity Research Institute, St. George's University of London SW17 0RE, London, UK
| | - Angus G Dalgleish
- Infection and Immunity Research Institute, St. George's University of London SW17 0RE, London, UK
| | - Mark D Bodman-Smith
- Infection and Immunity Research Institute, St. George's University of London SW17 0RE, London, UK
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24
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Okuno D, Sugiura Y, Sakamoto N, Tagod MSO, Iwasaki M, Noda S, Tamura A, Senju H, Umeyama Y, Yamaguchi H, Suematsu M, Morita CT, Tanaka Y, Mukae H. Comparison of a Novel Bisphosphonate Prodrug and Zoledronic Acid in the Induction of Cytotoxicity in Human Vγ2Vδ2 T Cells. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1405. [PMID: 32793196 PMCID: PMC7385076 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing attention has been paid to human γδ T cells expressing Vγ2Vδ2 T cell receptor (also termed Vγ9Vδ2) in the field of cancer immunotherapy. We have previously demonstrated that a novel bisphosphonate prodrug, tetrakis-pivaloyloxymethyl 2-(thiazole-2-ylamino)ethylidene-1,1-bisphosphonate (PTA), efficiently expands peripheral blood Vγ2Vδ2 T cells to purities up to 95–99% in 10–11 days. In the present study, we first examined the effect of PTA on farnesyl diphosphate synthase (FDPS) using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) to analyze the mechanism underlying the PTA-mediated expansion of Vγ2Vδ2 T cells. We find that the prodrug induced the accumulation of both isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) and dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP), direct upstream metabolites of FDPS. This indicates that not only IPP but also DMAPP plays an important role in PTA-mediated stimulation of Vγ2Vδ2 T cells. We next analyzed TCR-independent cytotoxicity of Vγ2Vδ2 T cells. When human lung cancer cell lines were challenged by Vγ2Vδ2 T cells, no detectable cytotoxicity was observed in 40 min. The lung cancer cell lines were, however, significantly killed by Vγ2Vδ2 T cells after 4–16 h in an effector-to-target ratio-dependent manner, demonstrating that Vγ2Vδ2 T cell-based cell therapy required a large number of cells and longer time when tumor cells were not sensitized. By contrast, pulsing tumor cell lines with 10–30 nM of PTA induced significant lysis of tumor cells by Vγ2Vδ2 T cells even in 40 min. Similar levels of cytotoxicity were elicited by ZOL at concentrations of 100–300 μM, which were much higher than blood levels of ZOL after infusion (1–2 μM), suggesting that standard 4 mg infusion of ZOL was not enough to sensitize lung cancer cells in clinical settings. In addition, Vγ2Vδ2 T cells secreted interferon-γ (IFN-γ) when challenged by lung cancer cell lines pulsed with PTA in a dose-dependent manner. Taken together, PTA could be utilized for both expansion of Vγ2Vδ2 T cells ex vivo and sensitization of tumor cells in vivo in Vγ2Vδ2 T cell-based cancer immunotherapy. For use in patients, further studies on drug delivery are essential because of the hydrophobic nature of the prodrug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Okuno
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yuki Sugiura
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriho Sakamoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | | | - Masashi Iwasaki
- Center for Innovation in Immunoregulative Technology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shuto Noda
- Center for Medical Innovation, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Akihiro Tamura
- Center for Medical Innovation, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Senju
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Umeyama
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yamaguchi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Makoto Suematsu
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Craig T Morita
- Department of Internal Medicine and the Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Yoshimasa Tanaka
- Center for Medical Innovation, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.,Center for Innovation in Immunoregulative Technology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Mukae
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
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25
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Cooper AJR, Lalor SJ, McLoughlin RM. Activation of Human Vδ2 + γδ T Cells by Staphylococcus aureus Promotes Enhanced Anti-Staphylococcal Adaptive Immunity. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2020; 205:1039-1049. [PMID: 32651220 PMCID: PMC7416323 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Murine studies have shown the potential for γδ T cells to mediate immunity to Staphylococcus aureus in multiple tissue settings by the secretion of diverse cytokines. However, the role played by γδ T cells in human immune responses to S. aureus is almost entirely unknown. In this study, we establish the capacity of human Vδ2+ γδ T cells for rapid activation in response to S. aureus In coculture with S. aureus-infected monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs), Vδ2+ cells derived from peripheral blood rapidly upregulate CD69 and secrete high levels of IFN-γ. DCs mediate this response through direct contact and IL-12 secretion. In turn, IFN-γ released by Vδ2+ cells upregulates IL-12 secretion by DCs in a positive feedback loop. Furthermore, coculture with γδ T cells results in heightened expression of the costimulatory molecule CD86 and the lymph node homing molecule CCR7 on S. aureus-infected DCs. In cocultures of CD4+ T cells with S. aureus-infected DCs, the addition of γδ T cells results in heightened CD4+ T cell activation. Our findings identify γδ T cells as potential key players in the early host response to S. aureus during bloodstream infection, promoting enhanced responses by both innate and adaptive immune cell populations, and support their consideration in the development of host-directed anti-S. aureus treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J R Cooper
- Host Pathogen Interactions Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Stephen J Lalor
- Host Pathogen Interactions Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Rachel M McLoughlin
- Host Pathogen Interactions Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Dublin 2, Ireland
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26
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Natural Self-Ligand Gamma Delta T Cell Receptors (γδTCRs) Insight: The Potential of Induced IgG. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8030436. [PMID: 32759782 PMCID: PMC7564284 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8030436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A γδ T cell acquires functional properties in response to the gamma delta T cell receptor γδTCR signal strength during its development in the thymus. The elucidation of the potential ligands of γδ T cell receptors are of extreme importance; however, they are still not understood. Here we revise the actual state of the art of candidates to exert the function of γδTCR ligands, and propose a theoretical contribution about new potential ligands of γδTCRs, based on biological and hypothetical pieces of evidence in the literature. In conclusion, we hypothetically suggest a possible role of induced antibodies according to the individual’s immune status, mainly of the IgG subclass, acting as γδTCR ligands. Considering that IgG production is involved in some essential immunotherapy protocols, and almost all vaccination protocols, our discussion opens a new and broad field to further exploration.
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27
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Jandke A, Melandri D, Monin L, Ushakov DS, Laing AG, Vantourout P, East P, Nitta T, Narita T, Takayanagi H, Feederle R, Hayday A. Butyrophilin-like proteins display combinatorial diversity in selecting and maintaining signature intraepithelial γδ T cell compartments. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3769. [PMID: 32724083 PMCID: PMC7387338 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17557-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Butyrophilin-like (Btnl) genes are emerging as major epithelial determinants of tissue-associated γδ T cell compartments. Thus, the development of signature, murine TCRγδ+ intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) in gut and skin depends on Btnl family members, Btnl1 and Skint1, respectively. In seeking mechanisms underlying these profound effects, we now show that normal gut and skin γδ IEL development additionally requires Btnl6 and Skint2, respectively, and furthermore that different Btnl heteromers can seemingly shape different intestinal γδ+ IEL repertoires. This formal genetic evidence for the importance of Btnl heteromers also applied to the steady-state, since sustained Btnl expression is required to maintain the signature TCR.Vγ7+ IEL phenotype, including specific responsiveness to Btnl proteins. In sum, Btnl proteins are required to select and to maintain the phenotypes of tissue-protective γδ IEL compartments, with combinatorially diverse heteromers having differential impacts on different IEL subsets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anett Jandke
- Immunosurveillance Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW11AT, UK
| | - Daisy Melandri
- Immunosurveillance Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW11AT, UK.,Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, Great Maze Pond, London Bridge, London, SE19RT, UK
| | - Leticia Monin
- Immunosurveillance Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW11AT, UK
| | - Dmitry S Ushakov
- Immunosurveillance Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW11AT, UK.,Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, Great Maze Pond, London Bridge, London, SE19RT, UK
| | - Adam G Laing
- Immunosurveillance Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW11AT, UK.,Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, Great Maze Pond, London Bridge, London, SE19RT, UK
| | - Pierre Vantourout
- Immunosurveillance Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW11AT, UK.,Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, Great Maze Pond, London Bridge, London, SE19RT, UK
| | - Philip East
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW11AT, UK
| | - Takeshi Nitta
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Tomoya Narita
- Department of Pharmacotherapy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University, Nishitokyo, Tokyo, 202-8585, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takayanagi
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Regina Feederle
- Monoclonal Antibody Core Facility, Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Zentrum, München, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Adrian Hayday
- Immunosurveillance Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW11AT, UK. .,Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, Great Maze Pond, London Bridge, London, SE19RT, UK.
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28
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An Update on the Molecular Basis of Phosphoantigen Recognition by Vγ9Vδ2 T Cells. Cells 2020; 9:cells9061433. [PMID: 32527033 PMCID: PMC7348870 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
About 1-5% of human blood T cells are Vγ9Vδ2 T cells. Their hallmark is the expression of T cell antigen receptors (TCR) whose γ-chains contain a rearrangement of Vγ9 with JP (TRGV9JP or Vγ2Jγ1.2) and are paired with Vδ2 (TRDV2)-containing δ-chains. These TCRs respond to phosphoantigens (PAg) such as (E)-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-but-2-enyl pyrophosphate (HMBPP), which is found in many pathogens, and isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP), which accumulates in certain tumors or cells treated with aminobisphosphonates such as zoledronate. Until recently, these cells were believed to be restricted to primates, while no such cells are found in rodents. The identification of three genes pivotal for PAg recognition encoding for Vγ9, Vδ2, and butyrophilin (BTN) 3 in various non-primate species identified candidate species possessing PAg-reactive Vγ9Vδ2 T cells. Here, we review the current knowledge of the molecular basis of PAg recognition. This not only includes human Vγ9Vδ2 T cells and the recent discovery of BTN2A1 as Vγ9-binding protein mandatory for the PAg response but also insights gained from the identification of functional PAg-reactive Vγ9Vδ2 T cells and BTN3 in the alpaca and phylogenetic comparisons. Finally, we discuss models of the molecular basis of PAg recognition and implications for the development of transgenic mouse models for PAg-reactive Vγ9Vδ2 T cells.
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Human γδ TCR Repertoires in Health and Disease. Cells 2020; 9:cells9040800. [PMID: 32225004 PMCID: PMC7226320 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The T cell receptor (TCR) repertoires of γδ T cells are very different to those of αβ T cells. While the theoretical TCR repertoire diversity of γδ T cells is estimated to exceed the diversity of αβ T cells by far, γδ T cells are still understood as more invariant T cells that only use a limited set of γδ TCRs. Most of our current knowledge of human γδ T cell receptor diversity builds on specific monoclonal antibodies that discriminate between the two major subsets, namely Vδ2+ and Vδ1+ T cells. Of those two subsets, Vδ2+ T cells seem to better fit into a role of innate T cells with semi-invariant TCR usage, as compared to an adaptive-like biology of some Vδ1+ subsets. Yet, this distinction into innate-like Vδ2+ and adaptive-like Vδ1+ γδ T cells does not quite recapitulate the full diversity of γδ T cell subsets, ligands and interaction modes. Here, we review how the recent introduction of high-throughput TCR repertoire sequencing has boosted our knowledge of γδ T cell repertoire diversity beyond Vδ2+ and Vδ1+ T cells. We discuss the current understanding of clonal composition and the dynamics of human γδ TCR repertoires in health and disease.
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Lo Presti E, Mocciaro F, Mitri RD, Corsale AM, Di Simone M, Vieni S, Scibetta N, Unti E, Dieli F, Meraviglia S. Analysis of colon-infiltrating γδ T cells in chronic inflammatory bowel disease and in colitis-associated cancer. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 108:749-760. [PMID: 32202356 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.5ma0320-201rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remains a global health problem with a significant percentage of patients progressing to chronic inflammation and colitis-associated cancer (CAC). Whether or not γδ T cells contribute to initiation and maintenance of inflammation in IBD and in the development of CAC is not known. We have evaluated the frequency, phenotype, and functions of γδ T cells among tissue-infiltrating lymphocytes in healthy donors and IBD and CAC patients. Results show that Vδ1 T cells are the dominant γδ T-cell population in healthy tissue, whereas Vδ2 T significantly abound in chronic IBD. Vδ2 T cells produce more IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-17 than Vδ1 T cells in chronic inflamed IBD. In CAC patients no significant cytokine production was detected in tissue-resident Vδ1 T cells, but Vδ2 T cells produced remarkable amounts of IFN-γ and TNF-α; these data were confirmed by the analysis of an independent cohort of IBD transcriptomes. Moreover, transcriptomes of IBD patients revealed a clear-cut clusterization of genes related with the maintenance of the inflammatory status. In conclusion, our results demonstrating that Vδ2 T cells have a proinflammatory profile in chronic IBD are suggestive of their participation in IBD and CAC pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Lo Presti
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research (CLADIBIOR), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnosis (BIND), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Filippo Mocciaro
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Arnas Civico Di Cristina Benfratelli Hospital, Palermo, Italy
| | - Roberto Di Mitri
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Arnas Civico Di Cristina Benfratelli Hospital, Palermo, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Corsale
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research (CLADIBIOR), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnosis (BIND), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Marta Di Simone
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research (CLADIBIOR), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnosis (BIND), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Salvatore Vieni
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Nunzia Scibetta
- Anatomopathology Unit, Arnas Civico Di Cristina Benfratelli Hospital, Palermo, Italy
| | - Elettra Unti
- Anatomopathology Unit, Arnas Civico Di Cristina Benfratelli Hospital, Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Dieli
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research (CLADIBIOR), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnosis (BIND), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Serena Meraviglia
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research (CLADIBIOR), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnosis (BIND), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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31
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Rampoldi F, Ullrich L, Prinz I. Revisiting the Interaction of γδ T-Cells and B-Cells. Cells 2020; 9:E743. [PMID: 32197382 PMCID: PMC7140609 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Right after the discovery of γδ T-cells in 1984, people started asking how γδ T-cells interact with other immune cells such as B-cells. Early reports showed that γδ T-cells are able to help B-cells to produce antibodies and to sustain the production of germinal centers. Interestingly, the presence of γδ T-cells seems to promote the generation of antibodies against "self" and less against challenging pathogens. More recently, these hypotheses were supported using γδ T-cell-deficient mouse strains, in different mouse models of systemic lupus erythematous, and after induction of epithelial cell damage. Together, these studies suggest that the link between γδ T-cells and the production of autoantibodies may be more relevant for the development of autoimmune diseases than generally acknowledged and thus targeting γδ T-cells could represent a new therapeutic strategy. In this review, we focus on what is known about the communication between γδ T-cells and B-cells, and we discuss the importance of this interaction in the context of autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Rampoldi
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (L.U.); (I.P.)
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32
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Karunakaran MM, Willcox CR, Salim M, Paletta D, Fichtner AS, Noll A, Starick L, Nöhren A, Begley CR, Berwick KA, Chaleil RAG, Pitard V, Déchanet-Merville J, Bates PA, Kimmel B, Knowles TJ, Kunzmann V, Walter L, Jeeves M, Mohammed F, Willcox BE, Herrmann T. Butyrophilin-2A1 Directly Binds Germline-Encoded Regions of the Vγ9Vδ2 TCR and Is Essential for Phosphoantigen Sensing. Immunity 2020; 52:487-498.e6. [PMID: 32155411 PMCID: PMC7083227 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2020.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Vγ9Vδ2 T cells respond in a TCR-dependent fashion to both microbial and host-derived pyrophosphate compounds (phosphoantigens, or P-Ag). Butyrophilin-3A1 (BTN3A1), a protein structurally related to the B7 family of costimulatory molecules, is necessary but insufficient for this process. We performed radiation hybrid screens to uncover direct TCR ligands and cofactors that potentiate BTN3A1's P-Ag sensing function. These experiments identified butyrophilin-2A1 (BTN2A1) as essential to Vγ9Vδ2 T cell recognition. BTN2A1 synergised with BTN3A1 in sensitizing P-Ag-exposed cells for Vγ9Vδ2 TCR-mediated responses. Surface plasmon resonance experiments established Vγ9Vδ2 TCRs used germline-encoded Vγ9 regions to directly bind the BTN2A1 CFG-IgV domain surface. Notably, somatically recombined CDR3 loops implicated in P-Ag recognition were uninvolved. Immunoprecipitations demonstrated close cell-surface BTN2A1-BTN3A1 association independent of P-Ag stimulation. Thus, BTN2A1 is a BTN3A1-linked co-factor critical to Vγ9Vδ2 TCR recognition. Furthermore, these results suggest a composite-ligand model of P-Ag sensing wherein the Vγ9Vδ2 TCR directly interacts with both BTN2A1 and an additional ligand recognized in a CDR3-dependent manner.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens/immunology
- Antigens/metabolism
- Antigens, CD/chemistry
- Antigens, CD/immunology
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Butyrophilins/chemistry
- Butyrophilins/immunology
- Butyrophilins/metabolism
- CHO Cells
- Cricetinae
- Cricetulus
- Germ Cells/immunology
- Germ Cells/metabolism
- HEK293 Cells
- Humans
- Phosphorylation
- Protein Binding
- Protein Multimerization
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/chemistry
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carrie R Willcox
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Centre, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Mahboob Salim
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Centre, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Daniel Paletta
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alina S Fichtner
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Angela Noll
- Primate Genetics Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lisa Starick
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Anna Nöhren
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Charlotte R Begley
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Centre, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Katie A Berwick
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Centre, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Vincent Pitard
- ImmunoConcEpT Laboratory, Equipe labellisée, LIGUE 2017, UMR 5164, Bordeaux University, CNRS, 33076 Bordeaux, France; Flow Cytometry Facility, TransBioMed Core, Bordeaux University, CNRS UMS 3427, INSERM US05, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Julie Déchanet-Merville
- ImmunoConcEpT Laboratory, Equipe labellisée, LIGUE 2017, UMR 5164, Bordeaux University, CNRS, 33076 Bordeaux, France; Flow Cytometry Facility, TransBioMed Core, Bordeaux University, CNRS UMS 3427, INSERM US05, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Paul A Bates
- Biomolecular Modelling Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Brigitte Kimmel
- Medical Clinic and Policlinic II, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Volker Kunzmann
- Medical Clinic and Policlinic II, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Lutz Walter
- Primate Genetics Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mark Jeeves
- Henry Wellcome Building for NMR, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Fiyaz Mohammed
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Centre, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Benjamin E Willcox
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Centre, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
| | - Thomas Herrmann
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
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Alpaca ( Vicugna pacos), the first nonprimate species with a phosphoantigen-reactive Vγ9Vδ2 T cell subset. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:6697-6707. [PMID: 32139608 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1909474117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Vγ9Vδ2 T cells are a major γδ T cell population in the human blood expressing a characteristic Vγ9JP rearrangement paired with Vδ2. This cell subset is activated in a TCR-dependent and MHC-unrestricted fashion by so-called phosphoantigens (PAgs). PAgs can be microbial [(E)-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-but-2-enyl pyrophosphate, HMBPP] or endogenous (isopentenyl pyrophosphate, IPP) and PAg sensing depends on the expression of B7-like butyrophilin (BTN3A, CD277) molecules. IPP increases in some transformed or aminobisphosphonate-treated cells, rendering those cells a target for Vγ9Vδ2 T cells in immunotherapy. Yet, functional Vγ9Vδ2 T cells have only been described in humans and higher primates. Using a genome-based study, we showed in silico translatable genes encoding Vγ9, Vδ2, and BTN3 in a few nonprimate mammalian species. Here, with the help of new monoclonal antibodies, we directly identified a T cell population in the alpaca (Vicugna pacos), which responds to PAgs in a BTN3-dependent fashion and shows typical TRGV9- and TRDV2-like rearrangements. T cell receptor (TCR) transductants and BTN3-deficient human 293T cells reconstituted with alpaca or human BTN3 or alpaca/human BTN3 chimeras showed that alpaca Vγ9Vδ2 TCRs recognize PAg in the context of human and alpaca BTN3. Furthermore, alpaca BTN3 mediates PAg recognition much better than human BTN3A1 alone and this improved functionality mapped to the transmembrane/cytoplasmic part of alpaca BTN3. In summary, we found remarkable similarities but also instructive differences of PAg-recognition by human and alpaca, which help in better understanding the molecular mechanisms controlling the activation of this prominent population of γδ T cells.
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34
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Fichtner AS, Bubke A, Rampoldi F, Wilharm A, Tan L, Steinbrück L, Schultze-Florey C, von Kaisenberg C, Prinz I, Herrmann T, Ravens S. TCR repertoire analysis reveals phosphoantigen-induced polyclonal proliferation of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells in neonates and adults. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 107:1023-1032. [PMID: 32064671 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.1ma0120-427rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The Vγ9Vδ2 T cell subset is the major γδ T cell subset in human peripheral blood and has the unique ability to contribute to immune surveillance by detecting pyrophosphorylated metabolites of isoprenoid synthesis, termed phosphoantigens (pAgs). Vγ9Vδ2 T cells are first detected at midgestation and show postnatal expansion. Interestingly, neonatal Vγ9Vδ2 T cells display a higher TCR repertoire diversity with more public clonotypes and lower pAg responsiveness than in adults. Notably, it is not known whether postnatal changes occur by TCR-dependent reactivity to pAg exposure. Here, we applied next-generation sequencing of γδ TCR repertoires to understand potential differences in the pAg-mediated response of neonatal and adult Vγ9Vδ2 T cells at the level of the expressed γδ TCR. We observed a polyclonal pAg-induced response of neonatal and adult Vγ9Vδ2 T cells, albeit neonatal γδ T cells showed less in vitro pAg responsiveness. Neonatal Vγ9Vδ2 T cells displayed a less pronounced bias for Jδ1 usage and a more frequent use of Jδ2 or Jδ3 that remained stable after pAg exposure. In addition, public and private Vδ2 TRD clones took part in the polyclonal pAg-induced response in neonates and adults. In conclusion, adult and neonatal Vγ9Vδ2 T cells both undergo polyclonal pAg-induced proliferation, whereas especially adult Vγ9Vδ2 T cells display a high stability at the level of the expressed TCR repertoire.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina S Fichtner
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Anja Bubke
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Anneke Wilharm
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Likai Tan
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Lars Steinbrück
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | | | - Immo Prinz
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Herrmann
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sarina Ravens
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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35
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Yang C, Feng T, Lin F, Gong T, Yang S, Tao Y, Li H. Long noncoding RNA TANCR promotes γδ T cells activation by regulating TRAIL expression in cis. Cell Biosci 2020; 10:15. [PMID: 32082540 PMCID: PMC7014783 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-020-00383-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background γδ T cells are an important subset of T lymphocytes that play important roles in innate and adaptive immunity via the secretion of various cytokines. Previous studies have found that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are critical regulators that contribute to the development of immune cells. However, the functions of lncRNAs in the γδ T cells remains poorly studied. Results Here, we identified the novel function of lncRNA NONHSAT196558.1 in isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP)-activated and -expanded γδ T cells using RNA-seq. As it functioned as an activating noncoding RNA of tumor necrosis factor related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), an important cytotoxic cytokine that expressed by γδ T cells in responding to various infectious agents, we named this lncRNA as TANCR. Secondly, the expression of TANCR was found to be positively correlated with TRAIL expression in IPP activated γδ T cells. In addition, TANCR was confirmed to localized both in nucleus and cytoplasm. Finally, a loss-of-function was conducted by using siRNA/ASO or CRISPR/Cas9 system to knockdown or knockout TANCR, and confirmed that silencing of TANCR inhibits TRAIL expression in several kinds of cells, including HEK293T cells, Jurkat cells, and primary γδ T cells. Conclusion These evidences demonstrate that TANCR play important roles in γδ T cell activation. Furthermore, TANCR may be involved in the cytotoxicity of γδ T cells. This study aims to further our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying lncRNA-mediated immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Yang
- 1Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, South Renmin Rd, Chengdu, 610000 China
| | - Ting Feng
- 1Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, South Renmin Rd, Chengdu, 610000 China
| | - Fang Lin
- 1Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, South Renmin Rd, Chengdu, 610000 China
| | - Tinxiang Gong
- Chengdu Blood Center, No. 3, East Yvjie Rd, Chengdu, 61000 China
| | - Shuo Yang
- 1Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, South Renmin Rd, Chengdu, 610000 China
| | - Yuhong Tao
- 3Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 20, South Renmin Rd, Chengdu, 610000 China
| | - Hong Li
- 1Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, South Renmin Rd, Chengdu, 610000 China
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36
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Imbert C, Olive D. γδ T Cells in Tumor Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1273:91-104. [PMID: 33119877 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-49270-0_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Gamma delta (γδ) T cells which combine both innate and adaptive potential have extraordinary properties. Indeed, their strong cytotoxic and pro-inflammatory activity allows them to kill a broad range of tumor cells. Several studies have demonstrated that γδ T cells are an important component of tumor-infiltrated lymphocytes in patients affected by different types of cancer. Tumor-infiltrating γδ T cells are also considered as a good prognostic marker in many studies, though the presence of these cells is associated with poor prognosis in breast and colon cancers. The tumor microenvironment seems to drive γδ T-cell differentiation toward a tumor-promoting or a tumor-controlling phenotype, which suggests that some tumor microenvironments can limit the effectiveness of γδ T cells.The major γδ T-cell subsets in human are the Vγ9Vδ2 T cells that are specifically activated by phosphoantigens. This unique antigenic activation process operates in a framework that requires the expression of butyrophilin 3A (BTN3A) molecules. Interestingly, there is some evidence that BTN3A expression may be regulated by the tumor microenvironment. Given their strong antitumoral potential, Vγ9Vδ2 T cells are used in therapeutic approaches either by ex vivo culture and amplification, and then adoptive transfer to patients or by direct stimulation to propagate in vivo. These strategies have demonstrated promising initial results, but greater potency is needed. Combining Vγ9Vδ2 T-cell immunotherapy with systemic approaches to restore antitumor immune response in tumor microenvironment may improve efficacy.In this chapter, we first review the basic features of γδ T cells and their roles in the tumor microenvironment and then analyze the advances about the understanding of these cells' activation in tumors and why this represent unique challenges for therapeutics, and finally we discuss γδ T-cell-based therapeutic strategies and future perspectives of their development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Imbert
- Inserm, U1068, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Immunity and Cancer, Institut Paoli Calmettes, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France.,Immunomonitoring Platform, Institut Paoli Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Daniel Olive
- Inserm, U1068, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Immunity and Cancer, Institut Paoli Calmettes, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France. .,Immunomonitoring Platform, Institut Paoli Calmettes, Marseille, France.
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37
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Antonelli LR, Junqueira C, Vinetz JM, Golenbock DT, Ferreira MU, Gazzinelli RT. The immunology of Plasmodium vivax malaria. Immunol Rev 2019; 293:163-189. [PMID: 31642531 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Plasmodium vivax infection, the predominant cause of malaria in Asia and Latin America, affects ~14 million individuals annually, with considerable adverse effects on wellbeing and socioeconomic development. A clinical hallmark of Plasmodium infection, the paroxysm, is driven by pyrogenic cytokines produced during the immune response. Here, we review studies on the role of specific immune cell types, cognate innate immune receptors, and inflammatory cytokines on parasite control and disease symptoms. This review also summarizes studies on recurrent infections in individuals living in endemic regions as well as asymptomatic infections, a serious barrier to eliminating this disease. We propose potential mechanisms behind these repeated and subclinical infections, such as poor induction of immunological memory cells and inefficient T effector cells. We address the role of antibody-mediated resistance to P. vivax infection and discuss current progress in vaccine development. Finally, we review immunoregulatory mechanisms, such as inhibitory receptors, T regulatory cells, and the anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-10, that antagonizes both innate and acquired immune responses, interfering with the development of protective immunity and parasite clearance. These studies provide new insights for the clinical management of symptomatic as well as asymptomatic individuals and the development of an efficacious vaccine for vivax malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lis R Antonelli
- Instituto de Pesquisas Rene Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Caroline Junqueira
- Instituto de Pesquisas Rene Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Joseph M Vinetz
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Douglas T Golenbock
- Division of Infectious Disease and immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Marcelo U Ferreira
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo T Gazzinelli
- Instituto de Pesquisas Rene Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Division of Infectious Disease and immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.,Plataforma de Medicina Translacional, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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38
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Feeney ME. The immune response to malaria in utero. Immunol Rev 2019; 293:216-229. [PMID: 31553066 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Malaria causes tremendous early childhood morbidity and mortality, providing an urgent impetus for the development of a vaccine that is effective in neonates. However, the infant immune response to malaria may be influenced by events that occur well before birth. Placental malaria infection complicates one quarter of all pregnancies in Africa and frequently results in exposure of the fetus to malaria antigens in utero, while the immune system is still developing. Some data suggest that in utero exposure to malaria may induce immunologic tolerance that interferes with the development of protective immunity during childhood. More recently, however, a growing body of evidence suggests that fetal malaria exposure can prime highly functional malaria-specific T- and B-cells, which may contribute to postnatal protection from malaria. In utero exposure to malaria also impacts the activation and maturation of fetal antigen presenting cells and innate lymphocytes, which could have implications for global immunity in the infant. Here, we review recent advances in our understanding of how various components of the fetal immune system are altered by in utero exposure to malaria, discuss factors that may tilt the critical balance between tolerance and adaptive immunity, and consider the implications of these findings for malaria prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret E Feeney
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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39
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Poe MM, Agabiti SS, Liu C, Li V, Teske KA, Hsiao CHC, Wiemer AJ. Probing the Ligand-Binding Pocket of BTN3A1. J Med Chem 2019; 62:6814-6823. [PMID: 31268699 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Small-molecule phosphoantigens such as (E)-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-but-2-enyl diphosphate stimulate human Vγ9Vδ2 T cells after binding to the intracellular B30.2 domain of the immune receptor butyrophilin 3 isoform A1 (BTN3A1). To understand the ligand-target interaction in greater detail, we performed molecular docking. Based on the docking results, we synthesized the novel ligand (E)-(7-hydroxy-6-methylhept-5-en-1-yl)phosphonate and mutated proposed binding site residues. We evaluated the impact on butyrophilin binding of existing and novel ligands using a newly developed high-throughput fluorescence polarization assay. We also evaluated the ability of the compounds to stimulate proliferation and interferon-γ production of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells. Mutation of H381 fully blocked ligand binding, whereas mutations to charged surface residues impacted diphosphate interactions. Monophosphonate analogs bind similarly to BTN3A1, although they differ in their antigenicity, demonstrating that binding and efficacy are not linearly correlated. These results further define the structure-activity relationships underlying BTN3A1 ligand binding and antigenicity and support further structure-guided drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Kelly A Teske
- Department of Chemistry , Western Michigan University , Kalamazoo , Michigan 49008 , United States
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40
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Wang H, Nada MH, Tanaka Y, Sakuraba S, Morita CT. Critical Roles for Coiled-Coil Dimers of Butyrophilin 3A1 in the Sensing of Prenyl Pyrophosphates by Human Vγ2Vδ2 T Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 203:607-626. [PMID: 31227581 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1801252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Vγ2Vδ2 T cells play important roles in human immunity to pathogens and tumors. Their TCRs respond to the sensing of isoprenoid metabolites, such as (E)-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-but-2-enyl pyrophosphate and isopentenyl pyrophosphate, by butyrophilin (BTN) 3A1. BTN3A1 is an Ig superfamily protein with extracellular IgV/IgC domains and intracellular B30.2 domains that bind prenyl pyrophosphates. We have proposed that intracellular α helices form a coiled-coil dimer that functions as a spacer for the B30.2 domains. To test this, five pairs of anchor residues were mutated to glycine to destabilize the coiled-coil dimer. Despite maintaining surface expression, BTN3A1 mutagenesis either abrogated or decreased stimulation by (E)-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-but-2-enyl pyrophosphate. BTN3A2 and BTN3A3 proteins and orthologs in alpacas and dolphins are also predicted to have similar coiled-coil dimers. A second short coiled-coil region dimerizes the B30.2 domains. Molecular dynamics simulations predict that mutation of a conserved tryptophan residue in this region will destabilize the dimer, explaining the loss of stimulation by BTN3A1 proteins with this mutation. The juxtamembrane regions of other BTN/BTN-like proteins with B30.2 domains are similarly predicted to assume α helices, with many predicted to form coiled-coil dimers. An exon at the end of this region and the exon encoding the dimerization region for B30.2 domains are highly conserved. We propose that coiled-coil dimers function as rod-like helical molecular spacers to position B30.2 domains, as interaction sites for other proteins, and as dimerization regions to allow sensing by B30.2 domains. In these ways, the coiled-coil domains of BTN3A1 play critical roles for its function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wang
- Division of Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242.,Department of Veterans Affairs, Iowa City Health Care System, Iowa City, IA 52246
| | - Mohanad H Nada
- Division of Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242.,Department of Veterans Affairs, Iowa City Health Care System, Iowa City, IA 52246.,College of Medicine, Tikrit University, Tiktit, 34001, Iraq
| | - Yoshimasa Tanaka
- Center for Bioinformatics and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan.,Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan
| | - Shun Sakuraba
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan; and
| | - Craig T Morita
- Division of Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242; .,Department of Veterans Affairs, Iowa City Health Care System, Iowa City, IA 52246.,Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242
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41
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Yu Y, Liang L, Jin Y, Yin Y. The TRIM14 PRYSPRY domain mediates protein interaction
via
its basic interface. FEBS Lett 2019; 593:1122-1129. [DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yu
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine Department of Pathology School of Basic Medical Sciences Peking University Health Science Center Beijing China
| | - Ling Liang
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine Department of Pathology School of Basic Medical Sciences Peking University Health Science Center Beijing China
- Department of Biophysics School of Basic Medical Sciences Peking University Health Science Center Beijing China
| | - Yan Jin
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine Department of Pathology School of Basic Medical Sciences Peking University Health Science Center Beijing China
| | - Yuxin Yin
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine Department of Pathology School of Basic Medical Sciences Peking University Health Science Center Beijing China
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42
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Yang Y, Li L, Yuan L, Zhou X, Duan J, Xiao H, Cai N, Han S, Ma X, Liu W, Chen CC, Wang L, Li X, Chen J, Kang N, Chen J, Shen Z, Malwal SR, Liu W, Shi Y, Oldfield E, Guo RT, Zhang Y. A Structural Change in Butyrophilin upon Phosphoantigen Binding Underlies Phosphoantigen-Mediated Vγ9Vδ2 T Cell Activation. Immunity 2019; 50:1043-1053.e5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2019.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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43
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Mizuta S, Tagod MSO, Iwasaki M, Nakamura Y, Senju H, Mukae H, Morita CT, Tanaka Y. Synthesis and Immunomodulatory Activity of Fluorine-Containing Bisphosphonates. ChemMedChem 2019; 14:462-468. [PMID: 30637982 PMCID: PMC6818088 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201800764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade using anti-PD-1/PD-L1 or anti-CTLA-4 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) has revolutionized cancer treatment. However, many types of cancer do not respond and for those that do, only a minority of patients achieve durable remissions. Therefore, oncoimmunologists are working to develop adoptive cell therapies for non-hematopoietic tumors by harnessing immune effector cells such as αβ T cells and γδ T cells. In contrast to conventional αβ T cells that recognize peptides in the context of MHC class I or II molecules, γδ T cells expressing Vγ2Vδ2 T cell receptors (also termed Vγ9Vδ2) are stimulated by isoprenoid metabolites (phosphoantigens) such as isopentenyl diphosphate in a butyrophilin-3A1-dependent manner. Vγ2Vδ2 T cells kill almost all types of tumor cells that have been treated with bisphosphonates. In this study, we synthesized a series of fluorine-containing bisphosphonates based on current drugs and found that they stimulated Vγ2Vδ2 T cell killing of tumor cells. A fluorine-containing prodrug analogue of zoledronate where phosphonate moieties were masked with pivaloyloxymethyl groups markedly enhanced Vγ2Vδ2 T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity, and also promoted the expansion of peripheral blood Vγ2Vδ2 T cells. These results demonstrate that a prodrug of a fluorine-containing zoledronate analogue can sensitize tumor cells for killing as well as expand Vγ2Vδ2 T cells for adoptive cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Mizuta
- Center for Bioinformatics and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523 (Japan)
| | - Mohammed S. O. Tagod
- Center for Bioinformatics and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523 (Japan)
- Program for Nurturing Global Leaders in Tropical and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523 (Japan)
| | - Masashi Iwasaki
- Center for Innovation in Immunoregulative Technology and Therapeutics, Gradualte School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshidakonoe-cho, Kyoto, 606-8501 (Japan)
| | - Yoichi Nakamura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501 (Japan)
| | - Hiroaki Senju
- Center for Bioinformatics and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523 (Japan)
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501 (Japan)
| | - Hiroshi Mukae
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501 (Japan)
| | - Craig T. Morita
- Department of Internal Medicine and the Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Iowa City, IA 52246 (USA)
| | - Yoshimasa Tanaka
- Center for Bioinformatics and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523 (Japan)
- Program for Nurturing Global Leaders in Tropical and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523 (Japan)
- Center for Innovation in Immunoregulative Technology and Therapeutics, Gradualte School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshidakonoe-cho, Kyoto, 606-8501 (Japan)
- Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501 (Japan)
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Gutierrez-Arcelus M, Teslovich N, Mola AR, Polidoro RB, Nathan A, Kim H, Hannes S, Slowikowski K, Watts GFM, Korsunsky I, Brenner MB, Raychaudhuri S, Brennan PJ. Lymphocyte innateness defined by transcriptional states reflects a balance between proliferation and effector functions. Nat Commun 2019; 10:687. [PMID: 30737409 PMCID: PMC6368609 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08604-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
How innate T cells (ITC), including invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells, mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells, and γδ T cells, maintain a poised effector state has been unclear. Here we address this question using low-input and single-cell RNA-seq of human lymphocyte populations. Unbiased transcriptomic analyses uncover a continuous ‘innateness gradient’, with adaptive T cells at one end, followed by MAIT, iNKT, γδ T and natural killer cells at the other end. Single-cell RNA-seq reveals four broad states of innateness, and heterogeneity within canonical innate and adaptive populations. Transcriptional and functional data show that innateness is characterized by pre-formed mRNA encoding effector functions, but impaired proliferation marked by decreased baseline expression of ribosomal genes. Together, our data shed new light on the poised state of ITC, in which innateness is defined by a transcriptionally-orchestrated trade-off between rapid cell growth and rapid effector function. Innate T cells (ITC) contain many subsets and are poised to promptly respond to antigens and pathogens, but how this poised state is maintained is still unclear. Here the authors perform single-cell RNA-seq to align the various ITC subsets along an ‘innateness gradient’ that is associated with changes in proliferation and effector functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gutierrez-Arcelus
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA, 02115.,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Center for Data Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Nikola Teslovich
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA, 02115.,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Alex R Mola
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Rafael B Polidoro
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Aparna Nathan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA, 02115.,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Center for Data Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Hyun Kim
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA, 02115.,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Susan Hannes
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA, 02115.,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Center for Data Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Kamil Slowikowski
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA, 02115.,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Center for Data Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Gerald F M Watts
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Ilya Korsunsky
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA, 02115.,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Center for Data Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Michael B Brenner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Soumya Raychaudhuri
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA, 02115. .,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA. .,Center for Data Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA. .,Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Patrick J Brennan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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Tagod MSO, Mizuta S, Sakai Y, Iwasaki M, Shiraishi K, Senju H, Mukae H, Morita CT, Tanaka Y. Determination of human γδ T cell-mediated cytotoxicity using a non-radioactive assay system. J Immunol Methods 2019; 466:32-40. [PMID: 30654042 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The adoptive transfer of immune effector cells, such as CD8+ killer αβ T cells, γδ T cells, NK (natural killer) cells, and genetically-modified T cells, has been receiving increasing attention. It is essential to determine cellular cytotoxicity so as to monitor the function and quality of ex vivo-expanded immune effector cells before infusion. The most common method is the [51Cr]-sodium chromate release assay. It is, however, preferable to avoid the use of radioactive materials in clinical laboratories. In order to establish a non-radioactive alternative to the standard radioactive assay, we previously synthesized a chelate-forming prodrug (BM-HT) and demonstrated that a combination of BM-HT and europium (Eu3+) was useful to determine NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity. In the present study, we examined whether or not this improved assay system could be used to determine the cellular cytotoxicity exhibited by Vγ2Vδ2+ γδ T cells. In addition, we compared Eu3+ and terbium (Tb3+) in the measurement of cellular cytotoxicity. Our assay system using BM-HT could be used successfully for the analysis of both γδ T cell receptor (TCR)- and CD16-mediated cytotoxicity. When the intensity of fluorescence was compared between Eu3+ and Tb3+, Tb3+ chelate was more sensitive than Eu3+ chelate, suggesting that the detection system using Tb3+ is superior to Eu3+ when tumor cells are not efficiently labeled with BM-HT. The method established herein is expected to promote the development of novel adoptive cell therapies for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed S O Tagod
- Center for Bioinformatics and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan; Program for Nurturing Global Leaders in Tropical and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Satoshi Mizuta
- Center for Bioinformatics and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Yuki Sakai
- Center for Bioinformatics and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Masashi Iwasaki
- Center for Innovation in Immunoregulative Technology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshidakonoe-Cho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kengo Shiraishi
- Center for Bioinformatics and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Senju
- Center for Bioinformatics and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Mukae
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Craig T Morita
- Department of Internal Medicine and the Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, Iowa City Veterans Affairs Health Care System, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA
| | - Yoshimasa Tanaka
- Center for Bioinformatics and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan; Program for Nurturing Global Leaders in Tropical and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan; Center for Innovation in Immunoregulative Technology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshidakonoe-Cho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan.
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Expansion and Adoptive Transfer of Human Vδ2 + T Cells to Assess Antitumor Effects In Vivo. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1884:57-72. [PMID: 30465195 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8885-3_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Recent clinical trials have yielded promising results suggesting that γδ T cell62-based immunotherapies can be effective against hematological malignancies. Human T cells expressing Vγ9Vδ2+ receptors are particularly attractive candidates for this application, since they can be readily expanded in vitro in large quantities for adoptive transfer and do not require HLA-matching of donors and recipients. While it is well established that Vγ9Vδ2+ T cells are potently cytolytic against many human cancers and it has been shown that they can control transplanted human tumors in xenogeneic model systems, little is known about the parameters that determine the antitumor efficacy of adoptively transferred Vγ9Vδ2+ T cells in physiologically relevant scenarios. In particular, it may be important to separate their immunosurveillance functions from those employed in the context of an established tumor. Moreover, it is critical to understand how the presence of an immunosuppressive environment, such as one where tumor-infiltrating T cells are held in check by inhibitory ligands, affects the functions of Vγ9Vδ2+ T cells. This chapter describes how to establish Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection of human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells (CBMCs) within immunodeficient mice, so as to drive the in vivo formation of human B cell lymphomas that contain an immunosuppressive environment. Details are provided on how to expand human Vγ9Vδ2+ T cells from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), administer them to the mice, and evaluate tumors and other tissues.
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Khairallah C, Chu TH, Sheridan BS. Tissue Adaptations of Memory and Tissue-Resident Gamma Delta T Cells. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2636. [PMID: 30538697 PMCID: PMC6277633 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial and mucosal barriers are critical interfaces physically separating the body from the outside environment and are the tissues most exposed to microorganisms and potential inflammatory agents. The integrity of these tissues requires fine tuning of the local immune system to enable the efficient elimination of invasive pathogens while simultaneously preserving a beneficial relationship with commensal organisms and preventing autoimmunity. Although they only represent a small fraction of circulating and lymphoid T cells, γδ T cells form a substantial population at barrier sites and even outnumber conventional αβ T cells in some tissues. After their egress from the thymus, several γδ T cell subsets naturally establish residency in predetermined mucosal and epithelial locations, as exemplified by the restricted location of murine Vγ5+ and Vγ3Vδ1+ T cell subsets to the intestinal epithelium and epidermis, respectively. Because of their preferential location in barrier sites, γδ T cells are often directly or indirectly influenced by the microbiota or the pathogens that invade these sites. More recently, a growing body of studies have shown that γδ T cells form long-lived memory populations upon local inflammation or bacterial infection, some of which permanently populate the affected tissues after pathogen clearance or resolution of inflammation. Natural and induced resident γδ T cells have been implicated in many beneficial processes such as tissue homeostasis and pathogen control, but their presence may also exacerbate local inflammation under certain circumstances. Further understanding of the biology and role of these unconventional resident T cells in homeostasis and disease may shed light on potentially novel vaccines and therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Khairallah
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Center for Infectious Diseases, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Timothy H Chu
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Center for Infectious Diseases, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Brian S Sheridan
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Center for Infectious Diseases, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
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Wang X, Liu J, Gao H, Mo XD, Han T, Xu LP, Zhang XH, Huang XJ. Dendritic Cells Are Critical for the Activation and Expansion of Vδ2 + T Cells After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Transplantation. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2528. [PMID: 30443256 PMCID: PMC6221956 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
γδ T cells perform antitumor and antiviral effector functions and are involved in both innate and adaptive immunity. Vδ2+ T cells represent the predominant γδ T subset in the peripheral blood of healthy subjects. Vδ2+ T cells can be selectively activated and expanded by phosphoantigens (pAgs). Dendritic cells (DCs), as potent antigen-presenting cells, are capable of mediating pAgs–triggered Vδ2+ T cells expansion. However, the association between DCs and Vδ2+ T cell recovery in the context of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) remains unclear. We previously demonstrated that the recovery of Vδ2+ T cells was hampered and inversely correlated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) reactivation in patients undergoing haploidentical HSCT (haploHSCT). Whether Vδ2+ T cells from haploHSCT recipients can be expanded by stimulation with aminobisphosphonates or pAg–presenting DCs is of particular interest. Herein, we showed that Vδ2+ T cells recovered after haploHSCT failed to expand after ex-vivo stimulation with pamidronate. In addition, we found that the recovery of DC subsets was significantly decreased, and the concentration of myeloid DCs (mDCs) correlated significantly with Vδ2+ T cell recovery in the setting of allogeneic HSCT. Furthermore, coculture of peripheral lymphocytes from recipients with monocyte-derived and pamidronate-pretreated autologous or allogeneic DCs induced the successful expansion of Vδ2+ T cells. Of note, allogeneic DCs from third-party donors stimulated a significantly higher efficiency of Vδ2+ T cell expansion than autologous DCs. More importantly, the memory features were well-retained and the cytotoxic cytokines-production capacity was significantly enhanced in the expanded Vδ2+ T cells. Taken together, these results suggest that the frequency and function of DCs are critical for the recovery of Vδ2+ T cells after allogeneic HSCT. The fact that vigorous expansions of Vδ2+ T cells were induced by phosphoantigen-pretreated DCs, especially by allogeneic third-party DCs, provides additional options for the development of individualized immunotherapy strategies that utilize the anti-viral and anti-leukemic effects of γδ T cells in the context of hematopoietic transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Wang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China.,Beijing Hightrust Diagnostics, Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Jiangying Liu
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China
| | - Haitao Gao
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Mo
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Han
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China
| | - Lan-Ping Xu
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Zhang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Huang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China
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49
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Boutin L, Scotet E. Towards Deciphering the Hidden Mechanisms That Contribute to the Antigenic Activation Process of Human Vγ9Vδ2 T Cells. Front Immunol 2018; 9:828. [PMID: 29731756 PMCID: PMC5919976 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Vγ9Vδ2 T cells represent a major unconventional γδ T cell subset located in the peripheral blood of adults in humans and several non-human primates. Lymphocytes that constitute this transitional subset can sense subtle level changes of intracellular phosphorylated intermediates of the isoprenoid biosynthesis pathway (phosphoantigens, pAg), such as isopentenyl pyrophosphate, during cell stress events. This unique antigenic activation process operates in a rigorous framework that requires the expression of butyrophilin 3A1 (BTN3A1/CD277) molecules, which are type I glycoproteins that belong to the B7 family. Several studies have further shown that pAg specifically bind to the intracellular B30.2 domain of BTN3A1 linked to the antigenic activation of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells. Here, we highlight the recent advances in BTN3A1 dynamics induced upon the binding of pAg and the contribution of the different subunits to this activation process. Recent reports support that conformational modifications of BTN3A1 might represent a key step in the detection of infection or tumorigenesis by Vγ9Vδ2 T cells. A better understanding of this mechanism will help optimize novel immunotherapeutical approaches that target defined functions of this unique γδ T cell subset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lola Boutin
- CRCINA, INSERM, CNRS, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Sanofi R&D, Biologics Research, Centre de Recherche Vitry Alfortville, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Scotet
- CRCINA, INSERM, CNRS, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology", Nantes, France
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50
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Hoeres T, Smetak M, Pretscher D, Wilhelm M. Improving the Efficiency of Vγ9Vδ2 T-Cell Immunotherapy in Cancer. Front Immunol 2018; 9:800. [PMID: 29725332 PMCID: PMC5916964 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing immunological knowledge and advances in techniques lay the ground for more efficient and broader application of immunotherapies. gamma delta (γδ) T-cells possess multiple favorable anti-tumor characteristics, making them promising candidates to be used in cellular and combination therapies of cancer. They recognize malignant cells, infiltrate tumors, and depict strong cytotoxic and pro-inflammatory activity. Here, we focus on human Vγ9Vδ2 T-cells, the most abundant γδ T-cell subpopulation in the blood, which are able to inhibit cancer progression in various models in vitro and in vivo. For therapeutic use they can be cultured and manipulated ex vivo and in the following adoptively transferred to patients, as well as directly stimulated to propagate in vivo. In clinical studies, Vγ9Vδ2 T-cells repeatedly demonstrated a low toxicity profile but hitherto only the modest therapeutic efficacy. This review provides a comprehensive summary of established and newer strategies for the enhancement of Vγ9Vδ2 T-cell anti-tumor functions. We discuss data of studies exploring methods for the sensitization of malignant cells, the improvement of recognition mechanisms and cytotoxic activity of Vγ9Vδ2 T-cells. Main aspects are the tumor cell metabolism, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, antibody constructs, as well as activating and inhibitory receptors like NKG2D and immune checkpoint molecules. Several concepts show promising results in vitro, now awaiting translation to in vivo models and clinical studies. Given the array of research and encouraging findings in this area, this review aims at optimizing future investigations, specifically targeting the unanswered questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timm Hoeres
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Manfred Smetak
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Dominik Pretscher
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Martin Wilhelm
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany
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