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Shi H, Zhang X, Ge P, Meliopoulos V, Freiden P, Livingston B, Schultz-Cherry S, Ross TM. Inactivated influenza virus vaccines expressing COBRA hemagglutinin elicited broadly reactive, long-lived protective antibodies. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2356269. [PMID: 38826029 PMCID: PMC11152115 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2356269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The influenza viruses cause seasonal respiratory illness that affect millions of people globally every year. Prophylactic vaccines are the recommended method to prevent the breakout of influenza epidemics. One of the current commercial influenza vaccines consists of inactivated viruses that are selected months prior to the start of a new influenza season. In many seasons, the vaccine effectiveness (VE) of these vaccines can be relatively low. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop an improved, more universal influenza vaccine (UIV) that can provide broad protection against various drifted strains in all age groups. To meet this need, the computationally optimized broadly reactive antigen (COBRA) methodology was developed to design a hemagglutinin (HA) molecule as a new influenza vaccine. In this study, COBRA HA-based inactivated influenza viruses (IIV) expressing the COBRA HA from H1 or H3 influenza viruses were developed and characterized for the elicitation of immediate and long-term protective immunity in both immunologically naïve or influenza pre-immune animal models. These results were compared to animals vaccinated with IIV vaccines expressing wild-type H1 or H3 HA proteins (WT-IIV). The COBRA-IIV elicited long-lasting broadly reactive antibodies that had hemagglutination-inhibition (HAI) activity against drifted influenza variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Shi
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Xiaojian Zhang
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Pan Ge
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Florida Research and Innovation Center, Cleveland Clinic, Port Saint Lucie, FL, USA
| | - Victoria Meliopoulos
- St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Department of Host-Microbe Interactions, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Pam Freiden
- St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Department of Host-Microbe Interactions, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Brandi Livingston
- St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Department of Host-Microbe Interactions, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Stacey Schultz-Cherry
- St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Department of Host-Microbe Interactions, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Ted M. Ross
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Florida Research and Innovation Center, Cleveland Clinic, Port Saint Lucie, FL, USA
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Department of Infection Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
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2
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do Nascimento GM, de Oliveira PSB, Butt SL, Diel DG. Immunogenicity of chimeric hemagglutinins delivered by an orf virus vector platform against swine influenza virus. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1322879. [PMID: 38482020 PMCID: PMC10933025 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1322879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Orf virus (ORFV) is a large DNA virus that can harbor and efficiently deliver viral antigens in swine. Here we used ORFV as a vector platform to deliver chimeric hemagglutinins (HA) of Influenza A virus of swine (IAV-S). Vaccine development against IAV-S faces limitations posed by strain-specific immunity and the antigenic diversity of the IAV-S strains circulating in the field. A promising alternative aiming at re-directing immune responses on conserved epitopes of the stalk segment of the hemagglutinin (HA2) has recently emerged. Sequential immunization with chimeric HAs comprising the same stalk but distinct exotic head domains can potentially induce cross-reactive immune responses against conserved epitopes of the HA2 while breaking the immunodominance of the head domain (HA1). Here, we generated two recombinant ORFVs expressing chimeric HAs encoding the stalk region of a contemporary H1N1 IAV-S strain and exotic heads derived from either H6 or H8 subtypes, ORFVΔ121cH6/1 and ORFVΔ121cH8/1, respectively. The resulting recombinant viruses were able to express the heterologous protein in vitro. Further, the immunogenicity and cross-protection of these vaccine candidates were assessed in swine after sequential intramuscular immunization with OV-cH6/1 and OV-cH8/1, and subsequent challenge with divergent IAV-S strains. Humoral responses showed that vaccinated piglets presented increasing IgG responses in sera. Additionally, cross-reactive IgG and IgA antibody responses elicited by immunization were detected in sera and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), respectively, by ELISA against different viral clades and a diverse range of contemporary H1N1 IAV-S strains, indicating induction of humoral and mucosal immunity in vaccinated animals. Importantly, viral shedding was reduced in nasal swabs from vaccinated piglets after intranasal challenge with either Oh07 (gamma clade) or Ca09 (npdm clade) IAV-S strains. These results demonstrated the efficiency of ORFV-based vectors in delivering chimeric IAV-S HA-based vaccine candidates and underline the potential use of chimeric-HAs for prevention and control of influenza in swine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Mansano do Nascimento
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Pablo Sebastian Britto de Oliveira
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Salman Latif Butt
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Diego G. Diel
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
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3
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Braz Gomes K, Zhang YN, Lee YZ, Eldad M, Lim A, Ward G, Auclair S, He L, Zhu J. Single-Component Multilayered Self-Assembling Protein Nanoparticles Displaying Extracellular Domains of Matrix Protein 2 as a Pan-influenza A Vaccine. ACS NANO 2023; 17:23545-23567. [PMID: 37988765 PMCID: PMC10722606 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c06526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
The development of a cross-protective pan-influenza A vaccine remains a significant challenge. In this study, we designed and evaluated single-component self-assembling protein nanoparticles (SApNPs) presenting the conserved extracellular domain of matrix protein 2 (M2e) as vaccine candidates against influenza A viruses. The SApNP-based vaccine strategy was first validated for human M2e (hM2e) and then applied to tandem repeats of M2e from human, avian, and swine hosts (M2ex3). Vaccination with M2ex3 displayed on SApNPs demonstrated higher survival rates and less weight loss compared to the soluble M2ex3 antigen against the lethal challenges of H1N1 and H3N2 in mice. M2ex3 I3-01v9a SApNPs formulated with a squalene-based adjuvant were retained in the lymph node follicles over 8 weeks and induced long-lived germinal center reactions. Notably, a single low dose of M2ex3 I3-01v9a SApNP formulated with a potent adjuvant, either a Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) agonist or a stimulator of interferon genes (STING) agonist, conferred 90% protection against a lethal H1N1 challenge in mice. With the ability to induce robust and durable M2e-specific functional antibody and T cell responses, the M2ex3-presenting I3-01v9a SApNP provides a promising pan-influenza A vaccine candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keegan Braz Gomes
- Department
of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Yi-Nan Zhang
- Department
of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Yi-Zong Lee
- Department
of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Mor Eldad
- Department
of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Alexander Lim
- Department
of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Garrett Ward
- Department
of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Sarah Auclair
- Department
of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Linling He
- Department
of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Jiang Zhu
- Department
of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
- Department
of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps
Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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4
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Rijnink WF, Stadlbauer D, Puente-Massaguer E, Okba NMA, Kirkpatrick Roubidoux E, Strohmeier S, Mudd PA, Schmitz A, Ellebedy A, McMahon M, Krammer F. Characterization of non-neutralizing human monoclonal antibodies that target the M1 and NP of influenza A viruses. J Virol 2023; 97:e0164622. [PMID: 37916834 PMCID: PMC10688359 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01646-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Currently, many groups are focusing on isolating both neutralizing and non-neutralizing antibodies to the mutation-prone hemagglutinin as a tool to treat or prevent influenza virus infection. Less is known about the level of protection induced by non-neutralizing antibodies that target conserved internal influenza virus proteins. Such non-neutralizing antibodies could provide an alternative pathway to induce broad cross-reactive protection against multiple influenza virus serotypes and subtypes by partially overcoming influenza virus escape mediated by antigenic drift and shift. Accordingly, more information about the level of protection and potential mechanism(s) of action of non-neutralizing antibodies targeting internal influenza virus proteins could be useful for the design of broadly protective and universal influenza virus vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Stadlbauer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Eduard Puente-Massaguer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness (C-VaRPP), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Nisreen M. A. Okba
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness (C-VaRPP), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ericka Kirkpatrick Roubidoux
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Shirin Strohmeier
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Philip A. Mudd
- Division of Immunobiology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Aaron Schmitz
- Division of Immunobiology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Ali Ellebedy
- Division of Immunobiology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Meagan McMahon
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Florian Krammer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness (C-VaRPP), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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5
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Walter J, Eludin Z, Drabovich AP. Redefining serological diagnostics with immunoaffinity proteomics. Clin Proteomics 2023; 20:42. [PMID: 37821808 PMCID: PMC10568870 DOI: 10.1186/s12014-023-09431-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Serological diagnostics is generally defined as the detection of specific human immunoglobulins developed against viral, bacterial, or parasitic diseases. Serological tests facilitate the detection of past infections, evaluate immune status, and provide prognostic information. Serological assays were traditionally implemented as indirect immunoassays, and their design has not changed for decades. The advantages of straightforward setup and manufacturing, analytical sensitivity and specificity, affordability, and high-throughput measurements were accompanied by limitations such as semi-quantitative measurements, lack of universal reference standards, potential cross-reactivity, and challenges with multiplexing the complete panel of human immunoglobulin isotypes and subclasses. Redesign of conventional serological tests to include multiplex quantification of immunoglobulin isotypes and subclasses, utilize universal reference standards, and minimize cross-reactivity and non-specific binding will facilitate the development of assays with higher diagnostic specificity. Improved serological assays with higher diagnostic specificity will enable screenings of asymptomatic populations and may provide earlier detection of infectious diseases, autoimmune disorders, and cancer. In this review, we present the major clinical needs for serological diagnostics, overview conventional immunoassay detection techniques, present the emerging immunoassay detection technologies, and discuss in detail the advantages and limitations of mass spectrometry and immunoaffinity proteomics for serological diagnostics. Finally, we explore the design of novel immunoaffinity-proteomic assays to evaluate cell-mediated immunity and advance the sequencing of clinically relevant immunoglobulins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Walter
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 10-102 Clinical Sciences Building, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Zicki Eludin
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 10-102 Clinical Sciences Building, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Andrei P Drabovich
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 10-102 Clinical Sciences Building, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G3, Canada.
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Goffin E, Du X, Hemmi S, Machiels B, Gillet L. A Single Oral Immunization with a Replication-Competent Adenovirus-Vectored Vaccine Protects Mice from Influenza Respiratory Infection. J Virol 2023; 97:e0013523. [PMID: 37338377 PMCID: PMC10373536 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00135-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of effective and flexible vaccine platforms is a major public health challenge, especially in the context of influenza vaccines that have to be renewed every year. Adenoviruses (AdVs) are easy to produce and have a good safety and efficacy profile when administered orally, as demonstrated by the long-term use of oral AdV-4 and -7 vaccines in the U.S. military. These viruses therefore appear to be the ideal backbone for the development of oral replicating vector vaccines. However, research into these vaccines is limited by the ineffectiveness of human AdV replication in laboratory animals. The use of mouse AdV type 1 (MAV-1) in its natural host allows infection to be studied under replicating conditions. Here, we orally vaccinated mice with a MAV-1 vector expressing influenza hemagglutinin (HA) to assess the protection conferred against an intranasal challenge of influenza. We showed that a single oral immunization with this vaccine generates influenza-specific and -neutralizing antibodies and completely protects mice against clinical signs and viral replication, similar to traditional inactivated vaccines. IMPORTANCE Given the constant threat of pandemics and the need for annual vaccination against influenza and possibly emerging agents such as SARS-CoV-2, new types of vaccines that are easier to administer and therefore more widely accepted are a critical public health need. Here, using a relevant animal model, we have shown that replicative oral AdV vaccine vectors can help make vaccination against major respiratory diseases more available, better accepted, and therefore more effective. These results could be of major importance in the coming years in the fight against seasonal or emerging respiratory diseases such as COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emeline Goffin
- Laboratory of Immunology and Vaccinology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, FARAH, ULiège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Xiang Du
- Laboratory of Immunology and Vaccinology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, FARAH, ULiège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Silvio Hemmi
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Bénédicte Machiels
- Laboratory of Immunology and Vaccinology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, FARAH, ULiège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Laurent Gillet
- Laboratory of Immunology and Vaccinology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, FARAH, ULiège, Liège, Belgium
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Nishiyama A, Adachi Y, Tonouchi K, Moriyama S, Sun L, Aoki M, Asanuma H, Shirakura M, Fukushima A, Yamamoto T, Takahashi Y. Post-fusion influenza vaccine adjuvanted with SA-2 confers heterologous protection via Th1-polarized, non-neutralizing antibody responses. Vaccine 2023; 41:4525-4533. [PMID: 37330368 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Development of a universal influenza vaccine that can provide robust and long-lasting protection against heterologous infections is a global public health priority. A variety of vaccine antigens are designed to increase the antigenicity of conserved epitopes to elicit cross-protective antibodies that often lack virus-neutralizing activity. Given the contribution of antibody effector functions to cross-protection, adjuvants need to be added to modulate antibody effector functions as well as to enhance antibody quantity. We previously showed that post-fusion influenza vaccine antigens elicit non-neutralizing but cross-protective antibodies against conserved epitopes. Here, using a murine model, we comparably assessed the adjuvanticity of the newly developed SA-2 adjuvant containing a synthetic TLR7 agonist DSP-0546 and squalene-based MF59 analog as representative Th1- or Th2-type adjuvants, respectively. Both types of adjuvants in the post-fusion vaccine comparably enhanced cross-reactive IgG titers against heterologous strains. However, only SA-2 skewed the IgG subclass into the IgG2c subclass in association to its Th1-polarizing nature. SA-2-enhanced IgG2c responses exhibited antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity against heterologous virus strains, without cross-neutralizing activity. Eventually, the SA-2-adjuvanted vaccination provided protection against lethal infection by heterologous H3N2 and H1N1 viruses. Together, we conclude that the combination with a SA-2 is advantageous for enhancing the cross-protective capability of post-fusion HA vaccines that elicit non-neutralizing IgG antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayae Nishiyama
- Research Center for Drug and Vaccine Development, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan; Laboratory of Precision Immunology, Center for Intractable Diseases and ImmunoGenomics, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 7-6-8, Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki City, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
| | - Yu Adachi
- Research Center for Drug and Vaccine Development, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Keisuke Tonouchi
- Research Center for Drug and Vaccine Development, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan; Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsucho Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
| | - Saya Moriyama
- Research Center for Drug and Vaccine Development, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Lin Sun
- Research Center for Drug and Vaccine Development, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Aoki
- Sumitomo Pharma. Co., Ltd., 3-1-98, Kasugade-naka, Konohana-ku, Osaka 554-0022, Japan
| | - Hideki Asanuma
- Research Center for Influenza and Respiratory Viruses, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Gakuen 4-7-1, Musashimurayama-shi, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan
| | - Masayuki Shirakura
- Research Center for Influenza and Respiratory Viruses, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Gakuen 4-7-1, Musashimurayama-shi, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan
| | - Akihisa Fukushima
- Sumitomo Pharma. Co., Ltd., 3-1-98, Kasugade-naka, Konohana-ku, Osaka 554-0022, Japan
| | - Takuya Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Precision Immunology, Center for Intractable Diseases and ImmunoGenomics, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 7-6-8, Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki City, Osaka 567-0085, Japan; Laboratory of Aging and Immune Regulation, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Department of Virology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Takahashi
- Research Center for Drug and Vaccine Development, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan.
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8
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Zhang W, Rowntree LC, Muttucumaru R, Damelang T, Aban M, Hurt AC, Auladell M, Esterbauer R, Wines B, Hogarth M, Turner SJ, Wheatley AK, Kent SJ, Patil S, Avery S, Morrissey O, Chung AW, Koutsakos M, Nguyen THO, Cheng AC, Kotsimbos TC, Kedzierska K. Robust immunity to influenza vaccination in haematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients following reconstitution of humoral and adaptive immunity. Clin Transl Immunology 2023; 12:e1456. [PMID: 37383182 PMCID: PMC10294294 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Influenza causes significant morbidity and mortality, especially in high-risk populations. Although current vaccination regimens are the best method to combat annual influenza disease, vaccine efficacy can be low in high-risk groups, such as haematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients. Methods We comprehensively assessed humoral immunity, antibody landscapes, systems serology and influenza-specific B-cell responses, together with their phenotypes and isotypes, to the inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV) in HSCT recipients in comparison to healthy controls. Results Inactivated influenza vaccine significantly increased haemagglutination inhibition (HAI) titres in HSCT recipients, similar to healthy controls. Systems serology revealed increased IgG1 and IgG3 antibody levels towards the haemagglutinin (HA) head, but not to neuraminidase, nucleoprotein or HA stem. IIV also increased frequencies of total, IgG class-switched and CD21loCD27+ influenza-specific B cells, determined by HA probes and flow cytometry. Strikingly, 40% of HSCT recipients had markedly higher antibody responses towards A/H3N2 vaccine strain than healthy controls and showed cross-reactivity to antigenically drifted A/H3N2 strains by antibody landscape analysis. These superior humoral responses were associated with a greater time interval after HSCT, while multivariant analyses revealed the importance of pre-existing immune memory. Conversely, in HSCT recipients who did not respond to the first dose, the second IIV dose did not greatly improve their humoral response, although 50% of second-dose patients reached a seroprotective HAI titre for at least one of vaccine strains. Conclusions Our study demonstrates efficient, although time-dependent, immune responses to IIV in HSCT recipients, and provides insights into influenza vaccination strategies targeted to immunocompromised high-risk groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuji Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Louise C Rowntree
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityMelbourneVICAustralia
| | | | - Timon Damelang
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Malet Aban
- World Health Organisation (WHO) Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Aeron C Hurt
- World Health Organisation (WHO) Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityMelbourneVICAustralia
- Product Development Medical Affairs, Infectious DiseasesF. Hoffmann-La Roche LtdBaselSwitzerland
| | - Maria Auladell
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Robyn Esterbauer
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityMelbourneVICAustralia
| | | | | | - Stephen J Turner
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, and Department of MicrobiologyMonash UniversityClaytonVICAustralia
| | - Adam K Wheatley
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Stephen J Kent
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityMelbourneVICAustralia
- Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Infectious Diseases Department, Alfred Health, Central Clinical SchoolMonash UniversityMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Sushrut Patil
- Malignant Haematology and Stem Cell Transplantation Service, Department of Clinical HaematologyThe Alfred HospitalMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Sharon Avery
- Malignant Haematology and Stem Cell Transplantation Service, Department of Clinical HaematologyThe Alfred HospitalMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Orla Morrissey
- Department of Infectious DiseasesAlfred HealthMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Amy W Chung
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Marios Koutsakos
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Thi HO Nguyen
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Allen C Cheng
- School of Public Health and Preventive MedicineMonash UniversityClaytonVICAustralia
- Infection Prevention and Healthcare Epidemiology UnitAlfred HealthMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Tom C Kotsimbos
- Department of Respiratory MedicineThe Alfred HospitalMelbourneVICAustralia
- Department of Medicine, Central Clinical School, The Alfred HospitalMonash UniversityMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Katherine Kedzierska
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityMelbourneVICAustralia
- Global Station for Zoonosis Control, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI‐CoRE)Hokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
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9
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Sanchez MV, Ebensen T, Schulze K, Cargnelutti DE, Scodeller EA, Guzmán CA. Protective Efficacy of a Mucosal Influenza Vaccine Formulation Based on the Recombinant Nucleoprotein Co-Administered with a TLR2/6 Agonist BPPcysMPEG. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15030912. [PMID: 36986773 PMCID: PMC10057018 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Current influenza vaccines target highly variable surface glycoproteins; thus, mismatches between vaccine strains and circulating strains often diminish vaccine protection. For this reason, there is still a critical need to develop effective influenza vaccines able to protect also against the drift and shift of different variants of influenza viruses. It has been demonstrated that influenza nucleoprotein (NP) is a strong candidate for a universal vaccine, which contributes to providing cross-protection in animal models. In this study, we developed an adjuvanted mucosal vaccine using the recombinant NP (rNP) and the TLR2/6 agonist S-[2,3-bispalmitoyiloxy-(2R)-propyl]-R-cysteinyl-amido-monomethoxyl-poly-ethylene-glycol (BPPcysMPEG). The vaccine efficacy was compared with that observed following parenteral vaccination of mice with the same formulation. Mice vaccinated with 2 doses of rNP alone or co-administered with BPPcysMPEG by the intranasal (i.n.) route showed enhanced antigen-specific humoral and cellular responses. Moreover, NP-specific humoral immune responses, characterized by significant NP-specific IgG and IgG subclass titers in sera and NP-specific IgA titers in mucosal territories, were remarkably increased in mice vaccinated with the adjuvanted formulation as compared with those of the non-adjuvanted vaccination group. The addition of BPPcysMPEG also improved NP-specific cellular responses in vaccinated mice, characterized by robust lymphoproliferation and mixed Th1/Th2/Th17 immune profiles. Finally, it is notable that the immune responses elicited by the novel formulation administered by the i.n. route were able to confer protection against the influenza H1N1 A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Victoria Sanchez
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y Desarrollo de Vacunas, Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU), CCT-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza M5500, Argentina; (M.V.S.); (D.E.C.); (E.A.S.)
- Department of Vaccinology and Applied Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; (T.E.); (K.S.)
| | - Thomas Ebensen
- Department of Vaccinology and Applied Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; (T.E.); (K.S.)
| | - Kai Schulze
- Department of Vaccinology and Applied Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; (T.E.); (K.S.)
| | - Diego Esteban Cargnelutti
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y Desarrollo de Vacunas, Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU), CCT-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza M5500, Argentina; (M.V.S.); (D.E.C.); (E.A.S.)
| | - Eduardo A. Scodeller
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y Desarrollo de Vacunas, Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU), CCT-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza M5500, Argentina; (M.V.S.); (D.E.C.); (E.A.S.)
| | - Carlos A. Guzmán
- Department of Vaccinology and Applied Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; (T.E.); (K.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-531-61814600; Fax: +49-531-618414699
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10
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Odera DO, Tuju J, Mwai K, Nkumama IN, Fürle K, Chege T, Kimathi R, Diehl S, Musasia FK, Rosenkranz M, Njuguna P, Hamaluba M, Kapulu MC, Frank R, Osier FHA, Abdi AI, Chi PC, de Laurent Z, Jao I, Kamuya D, Kamuyu G, Makale J, Murungi L, Musyoki J, Muthui M, Mwacharo J, Kariuki S, Mwanga D, Mwongeli J, Ndungu F, Njue M, Nyangweso G, Kimani D, Ngoi JM, Musembi J, Ngoto O, Otieno E, Ooko M, Shangala J, Wambua J, Mohammed KS, Omuoyo D, Mosobo M, Kibinge N, Kinyanjui S, Bejon P, Lowe B, Marsh K, Marsh V, Abebe Y, Billingsley PF, Sim BKL, Hoffman SL, James ER, Richie TL, Audi A, Olewe F, Oloo J, Ongecha J, Ongas MO, Koskei N, Bull PC, Hodgson SH, Kivisi C, Imwong M, Murphy SC, Ogutu B, Tarning J, Winterberg M, Williams TN. Anti-merozoite antibodies induce natural killer cell effector function and are associated with immunity against malaria. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eabn5993. [PMID: 36753561 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abn5993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are potent immune effectors that can be activated via antibody-mediated Fc receptor engagement. Using multiparameter flow cytometry, we found that NK cells degranulate and release IFN-γ upon stimulation with antibody-opsonized Plasmodium falciparum merozoites. Antibody-dependent NK (Ab-NK) activity was largely strain transcending and enhanced invasion inhibition into erythrocytes. Ab-NK was associated with the successful control of parasitemia after experimental malaria challenge in African adults. In an independent cohort study in children, Ab-NK increased with age, was boosted by concurrent P. falciparum infections, and was associated with a lower risk of clinical episodes of malaria. Nine of the 14 vaccine candidates tested induced Ab-NK, including some less well-characterized antigens: P41, P113, MSP11, RHOPH3, and Pf_11363200. These data highlight an important role of Ab-NK activity in immunity against malaria and provide a potential mechanism for evaluating vaccine candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis O Odera
- Centre of Infectious Diseases, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,Centre for Geographic Medicine Research (Coast), Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - James Tuju
- Centre for Geographic Medicine Research (Coast), Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Kennedy Mwai
- Centre for Geographic Medicine Research (Coast), Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya.,Epidemiology and Biostatistics Division, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Irene N Nkumama
- Centre of Infectious Diseases, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kristin Fürle
- Centre of Infectious Diseases, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Timothy Chege
- Centre for Geographic Medicine Research (Coast), Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Rinter Kimathi
- Centre for Geographic Medicine Research (Coast), Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Stefan Diehl
- Centre of Infectious Diseases, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Fauzia K Musasia
- Centre of Infectious Diseases, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Micha Rosenkranz
- Centre of Infectious Diseases, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Patricia Njuguna
- Centre for Geographic Medicine Research (Coast), Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Mainga Hamaluba
- Centre for Geographic Medicine Research (Coast), Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Melissa C Kapulu
- Centre for Geographic Medicine Research (Coast), Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Roland Frank
- Centre of Infectious Diseases, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Faith H A Osier
- Centre of Infectious Diseases, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,Centre for Geographic Medicine Research (Coast), Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya.,Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, UK
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11
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Development of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity in response to recombinant and live-attenuated herpes zoster vaccines. NPJ Vaccines 2022; 7:123. [PMID: 36284110 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-022-00545-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Zoster vaccines generate antibody responses against varicella-zoster virus (VZV). We compared antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity (ADCC) elicited by zoster vaccine live (ZVL) and recombinant zoster vaccine (RZV). ADCC mediated by antibodies against VZV lysate (VZV-ADCC) and recombinant glycoprotein E (gE-ADCC) was measured using plasma from 20 RZV- and 20 ZVL-recipients, including half 50-60-years-old and half ≥70-years-old. Solid phase-bound anti-VZV antibodies stimulated TNFα in NK cells as measured by flow cytometry or ELISA. VZV-ADCC pre- and post-immunization was higher in younger vaccinees. ZVL did not appreciably increase VZV-ADCC, whereas RZV increased VZV-ADCC in older vaccinees. ELISA-measured gE-ADCC was similar across groups pre-immunization; significantly increased after ZVL; and RZV and was higher in younger RZV than ZVL recipients. IgG3 antibodies increased after RZV and ZVL, with greater anti-gE than anti-VZV responses. Moreover, gE-ADCC strongly correlated with anti-gE antibody avidity, but there were no appreciable correlations between VZV-ADCC and avidity. NK cells stimulated by anti-gE antibodies showed increased IFNγ and CD107a expression, which was not observed with anti-VZV antibodies. In conclusion, anti-gE antibodies generated more robust ADCC than anti-VZV antibodies. RZV induced higher ADCC antibodies than ZVL depending on the antigen and age of vaccinees. Older adults had lower ADCC antibodies before and after vaccination than younger adults.
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12
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Assessment of Fcγ receptor-dependent binding of influenza hemagglutinin vaccine-induced antibodies in a non-human primate model. iScience 2022; 25:105085. [PMID: 36147947 PMCID: PMC9486051 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Several cross-protective antibodies that recognize a broad range of influenza A virus (IAV) strains are known to have functions in virus elimination such as Fcγ receptor (FcγR)-effector function and neutralizing activity against the head region. Although few studies have used primary cells as effector cells, the FcγR-effector function was evaluated after isolating each cell subset. Herein, we established an original assay system to evaluate purified FI6 IgG-mediated binding to hemagglutinin (HA)-expressing cells by flow cytometry using peripheral blood mononuclear cells from cynomolgus macaques. In addition, we evaluated the FcγR-effector function of IAV vaccine-induced anti-HA antibodies in cynomolgus macaques after administering the split vaccine. We found several cell types, mainly classical monocytes, bound to HA-expressing target cells in an FcγR-dependent manner, that were dominant in the binding of the cell population. Thus, this assay system could facilitate the development of a universal influenza vaccine.
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13
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Roy A, Byrne S, Sarangi NK, Murphy PV, Keyes TE. A cell free biomembrane platform for multimodal study of influenza virus hemagglutinin and for evaluation of entry-inhibitors against hemagglutinin. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:1017338. [DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.1017338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Seasonal periodic pandemics and epidemics caused by Influenza A viruses (IAVs) are associated with high morbidity and mortality worldwide. They are frequent and unpredictable in severity so there is a need for biophysical platforms that can be used to provide both mechanistic insights into influenza virulence and its potential treatment by anti-IAV agents. Host membrane viral association through the glycoprotein hemagglutinin (HA) of IAVs is one of the primary steps in infection. HA is thus a potential target for drug discovery and development against influenza. Deconvolution of the multivalent interactions of HA at the interfaces of the host cell membrane can help unravel therapeutic targets. In this contribution, we reported the effect of a multivalent HA glycoprotein association on various glycosphingolipid receptors (GD1a, GM3, GM1) doped asymmetrically into an artificial host membrane spanned across an aqueous filled microcavity array. The extent of HA association and its impact on membrane resistance, capacitance, and diffusivity was measured using highly sensitive electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and fluorescence lifetime correlation spectroscopy (FLCS). Furthermore, we investigated the inhibition of the influenza HA glycoprotein association with the host mimetic surface by natural and synthetic sialic acid-based inhibitors (sialic acid, Siaα2,3-GalOMe, FB127, 3-sialyl lactose) using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and observe that while all inhibit, they do not prevent host binding. Overall, the work demonstrates the platform provides a label-free screening platform for the biophysical evaluation of new inhibitors in the development of potential therapeutics for IAV infection prevention and treatment.
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14
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Dong C, Wang BZ. Engineered Nanoparticulate Vaccines to Combat Recurring and Pandemic Influenza Threats. ADVANCED NANOBIOMED RESEARCH 2022; 2:2100122. [PMID: 35754779 PMCID: PMC9231845 DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202100122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Reoccurring seasonal flu epidemics and occasional pandemics are among the most severe threats to public health. Current seasonal influenza vaccines provide limited protection against drifted circulating strains and no protection against influenza pandemics. Next-generation influenza vaccines, designated as universal influenza vaccines, should be safe, affordable, and elicit long-lasting cross-protective influenza immunity. Nanotechnology plays a critical role in the development of such novel vaccines. Engineered nanoparticles can incorporate multiple advantageous properties into the same nanoparticulate platforms to improve vaccine potency and breadth. These immunological properties include virus-like biomimicry, high antigen-load, controlled antigen release, targeted delivery, and induction of innate signaling pathways. Many nanoparticle influenza vaccines have shown promising results in generating potent and broadly protective immune responses. This review will summarize the necessity and characteristics of next-generation influenza vaccines and the immunological correlates of broad influenza immunity and focus on how cutting-edge nanoparticle technology contributes to such vaccine development. The review will give new insights into the rational design of nanoparticle universal vaccines to combat influenza epidemics and pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhong Dong
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection Georgia State University Institute for Biomedical Sciences Atlanta GA USA
| | - Bao-Zhong Wang
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection Georgia State University Institute for Biomedical Sciences Atlanta GA USA
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15
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Dong C, Wang Y, Zhu W, Ma Y, Kim J, Wei L, Gonzalez GX, Wang BZ. Polycationic HA/CpG Nanoparticles Induce Cross-Protective Influenza Immunity in Mice. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:6331-6342. [PMID: 35084819 PMCID: PMC8832387 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c19192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The intranasal (i.n.) route is an ideal vaccination approach for infectious respiratory diseases like influenza. Polycationic polyethylenimine (PEI) could form nanoscale complexes with negatively charged viral glycoproteins. Here we fabricated PEI-hemagglutinin (HA) and PEI-HA/CpG nanoparticles and investigated their immune responses and protective efficacies with an i.n. vaccination regimen in mice. Our results revealed that the nanoparticles significantly enhanced HA immunogenicity, providing heterologous cross-protection. The conserved HA stalk region induced substantial antibodies in the nanoparticle immunization groups. In contrast to the Th2-biased, IgG1-dominant antibody response generated by PEI-HA nanoparticles, PEI-HA/CpG nanoparticles generated more robust and balanced IgG1/IgG2a antibody responses with augmented neutralization activity and Fc-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). PEI-HA/CpG nanoparticles also induced enhanced local and systemic cellular immune responses. These immune responses did not decay over six months of observation postimmunization. PEI and CpG synergized these comprehensive immune responses. Thus, the PEI-HA/CpG nanoparticle is a potential cross-protective influenza vaccine candidate. Polycationic PEI nanoplatforms merit future development into mucosal vaccine systems.
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16
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Kim M, Cheong Y, Lee J, Lim J, Byun S, Jang YH, Seong BL. A Host-Restricted Self-Attenuated Influenza Virus Provides Broad Pan-Influenza A Protection in a Mouse Model. Front Immunol 2021; 12:779223. [PMID: 34925355 PMCID: PMC8674563 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.779223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza virus infections can cause a broad range of symptoms, form mild respiratory problems to severe and fatal complications. While influenza virus poses a global health threat, the frequent antigenic change often significantly compromises the protective efficacy of seasonal vaccines, further increasing the vulnerability to viral infection. Therefore, it is in great need to employ strategies for the development of universal influenza vaccines (UIVs) which can elicit broad protection against diverse influenza viruses. Using a mouse infection model, we examined the breadth of protection of the caspase-triggered live attenuated influenza vaccine (ctLAIV), which was self-attenuated by the host caspase-dependent cleavage of internal viral proteins. A single vaccination in mice induced a broad reactive antibody response against four different influenza viruses, H1 and rH5 (HA group 1) and H3 and rH7 subtypes (HA group 2). Notably, despite the lack of detectable neutralizing antibodies, the vaccination provided heterosubtypic protection against the lethal challenge with the viruses. Sterile protection was confirmed by the complete absence of viral titers in the lungs and nasal turbinates after the challenge. Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) activities of non-neutralizing antibodies contributed to cross-protection. The cross-protection remained robust even after in vivo depletion of T cells or NK cells, reflecting the strength and breadth of the antibody-dependent effector function. The robust mucosal secretion of sIgA reflects an additional level of cross-protection. Our data show that the host-restricted designer vaccine serves an option for developing a UIV, providing pan-influenza A protection against both group 1 and 2 influenza viruses. The present results of potency and breadth of protection from wild type and reassortant viruses addressed in the mouse model by single immunization merits further confirmation and validation, preferably in clinically relevant ferret models with wild type challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjin Kim
- Graduate Program in Biomaterials Science and Engineering, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yucheol Cheong
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jinhee Lee
- Department of Integrated OMICS for Biomedical Science, College of Life science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jongkwan Lim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sanguine Byun
- Graduate Program in Biomaterials Science and Engineering, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yo Han Jang
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology Major in Bio-Vaccine Engineering, Andong National University, Andong, South Korea.,Vaccine Industry Research Institute, Andong National University, Andong, South Korea
| | - Baik Lin Seong
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.,Vaccine Innovative Technology ALliance (VITAL)-Korea, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
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17
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Cheong Y, Kim M, Ahn J, Oh H, Lim J, Chae W, Yang SW, Kim MS, Yu JE, Byun S, Jang YH, Seong BL. Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate as a Novel Vaccine Adjuvant. Front Immunol 2021; 12:769088. [PMID: 34868027 PMCID: PMC8632720 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.769088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccine adjuvants from natural resources have been utilized for enhancing vaccine efficacy against infectious diseases. This study examined the potential use of catechins, polyphenolic materials derived from green tea, as adjuvants for subunit and inactivated vaccines. Previously, catechins have been documented to have irreversible virucidal function, with the possible applicability in the inactivated viral vaccine platform. In a mouse model, the coadministration of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) with influenza hemagglutinin (HA) antigens induced high levels of neutralizing antibodies, comparable to that induced by alum, providing complete protection against the lethal challenge. Adjuvant effects were observed for all types of HA antigens, including recombinant full-length HA and HA1 globular domain, and egg-derived inactivated split influenza vaccines. The combination of alum and EGCG further increased neutralizing (NT) antibody titers with the corresponding hemagglutination inhibition (HI) titers, demonstrating a dose-sparing effect. Remarkably, EGCG induced immunoglobulin isotype switching from IgG1 to IgG2a (approximately >64-700 fold increase), exerting a more balanced TH1/TH2 response compared to alum. The upregulation of IgG2a correlated with significant enhancement of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) function (approximately 14 fold increase), providing a potent effector-mediated protection in addition to NT and HI. As the first report on a novel class of vaccine adjuvants with built-in virucidal activities, the results of this study will help improve the efficacy and safety of vaccines for pandemic preparedness.
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MESH Headings
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/administration & dosage
- Adjuvants, Vaccine/administration & dosage
- Alum Compounds/administration & dosage
- Animals
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/blood
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
- Antibodies, Viral/blood
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Catechin/administration & dosage
- Catechin/analogs & derivatives
- Catechin/immunology
- Dogs
- Drug Synergism
- Female
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/administration & dosage
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/immunology
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin G/blood
- Immunoglobulin G/immunology
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/drug effects
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/immunology
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/physiology
- Influenza Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Influenza Vaccines/immunology
- Influenza, Human/immunology
- Influenza, Human/prevention & control
- Influenza, Human/virology
- Madin Darby Canine Kidney Cells
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/immunology
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/prevention & control
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/virology
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Yucheol Cheong
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Minjin Kim
- Graduate Program in Biomaterials Science and Engineering, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jina Ahn
- The Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Integrative Biotechnology & Translational Medicine, Yonsei University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Hana Oh
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jongkwan Lim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Wonil Chae
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung Won Yang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Min Seok Kim
- Graduate Program in Biomaterials Science and Engineering, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji Eun Yu
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sanguine Byun
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yo Han Jang
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology Major in Bio-Vaccine Engineering, Andong National University, Andong, South Korea
- Vaccine Industry Research Institute, Andong National University, Andong, South Korea
| | - Baik Lin Seong
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
- Vaccine Innovative Technology ALliance (VITAL)-Korea, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
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18
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Tschismarov R, Zellweger RM, Koh MJ, Leong YS, Low JG, Ooi EE, Mandl CW, Ramsauer K, de Alwis R. Antibody effector analysis of prime versus prime-boost immunizations with a recombinant measles-vectored chikungunya virus vaccine. JCI Insight 2021; 6:e151095. [PMID: 34582377 PMCID: PMC8663552 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.151095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya is a mosquito-borne disease that causes periodic but explosive epidemics of acute disease throughout the tropical world. Vaccine development against chikungunya virus (CHIKV) has been hampered by an inability to conduct efficacy trials due to the unpredictability of CHIKV outbreaks. Therefore, immune correlates are being explored to gain inference into vaccine-induced protection. This study is an in-depth serological characterization of Fab- and Fc-mediated antibody responses in selected phase II clinical trial participants following immunization with the recombinant measles-vectored CHIKV vaccine, MV-CHIK. Antibody comparisons were conducted between participants who received prime and those who received prime-boost vaccine regimens. MV-CHIK vaccination elicited potent Fab-mediated antibody responses (such as CHIKV-specific IgG, neutralization, and avidity), including dominant IgG3 responses, which translated into strong antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis. At 1 month, prime-boost immunization led to significantly greater responses in every measured Fab and Fc antibody parameter. Interestingly, prime-boost-elicited antibodies decreased rapidly over time, until at 6 months both vaccine regimens displayed similar antibody profiles. Nonetheless, antibody avidity and antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis remained significantly greater following boost immunization. Our observations suggest that a prime-boost administration of MV-CHIK will be more appropriate for CHIKV-endemic regions, while a prime-only regimen may be sufficient for travel purposes or outbreak situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Tschismarov
- Themis Bioscience GmbH, Vienna, Austria, a subsidiary of Merck & Co. Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey, USA
| | - Raphaël M. Zellweger
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- Viral Research and Experimental Medicine Centre, SingHealth-Duke NUS (ViREMiCS), Singapore
- Epidemiology, Public Health, & Impact, International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jie Koh
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- Viral Research and Experimental Medicine Centre, SingHealth-Duke NUS (ViREMiCS), Singapore
| | - Yan Shan Leong
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- Viral Research and Experimental Medicine Centre, SingHealth-Duke NUS (ViREMiCS), Singapore
| | - Jenny G. Low
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- Viral Research and Experimental Medicine Centre, SingHealth-Duke NUS (ViREMiCS), Singapore
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Eng Eong Ooi
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- Viral Research and Experimental Medicine Centre, SingHealth-Duke NUS (ViREMiCS), Singapore
| | | | - Katrin Ramsauer
- Themis Bioscience GmbH, Vienna, Austria, a subsidiary of Merck & Co. Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey, USA
| | - Ruklanthi de Alwis
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- Viral Research and Experimental Medicine Centre, SingHealth-Duke NUS (ViREMiCS), Singapore
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19
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Kotey EN, Ampofo WK, Daines R, Sadeyen JR, Iqbal M, Quaye O. Immune Response in Mice Immunized with Chimeric H1 Antigens. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:1182. [PMID: 34696290 PMCID: PMC8538909 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9101182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of a universal influenza vaccine candidate has remained a global challenge for both humans and animals. This study describes an approach that uses consensus sequence building to generate chimeric HAs (cHAs): two resultant H1 HA-based chimeras comprising of conserved sequences (within several areas spanning the head and stalk regions) of H1 and H5 or H9 HAs. These cHAs expressed in Drosophila cells (S2) were used to immunize mice. All immunized mice were protected from an infectious H1 virus challenge. Seroconverted mice sera to the H1 cHAs inhibited both the challenge virus and an H5 virus isolate by haemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay. These findings further emphasize that cHAs induce cross-reactive antibodies against conserved areas of both head and stalk regions of the seasonal influenza A (H1N1) pdm09 virus' HA and holds potential for further development of a universal influenza vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erasmus Nikoi Kotey
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), University of Ghana, Legon, Accra 23321, Ghana;
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell & Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra 23321, Ghana
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra 23321, Ghana;
| | - William Kwabena Ampofo
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra 23321, Ghana;
| | - Rebecca Daines
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking GU24 0NF, UK; (R.D.); (J.-R.S.); (M.I.)
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield AL9 7TA, UK
| | - Jean-Remy Sadeyen
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking GU24 0NF, UK; (R.D.); (J.-R.S.); (M.I.)
| | - Munir Iqbal
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking GU24 0NF, UK; (R.D.); (J.-R.S.); (M.I.)
| | - Osbourne Quaye
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), University of Ghana, Legon, Accra 23321, Ghana;
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell & Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra 23321, Ghana
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20
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A non-neutralizing antibody broadly protects against influenza virus infection by engaging effector cells. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009724. [PMID: 34352041 PMCID: PMC8341508 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemagglutinin (HA) is the immunodominant protein of the influenza virus. We previously showed that mice injected with a monoglycosylated influenza A HA (HAmg) produced cross-strain-reactive antibodies and were better protected than mice injected with a fully glycosylated HA (HAfg) during lethal dose challenge. We employed a single B-cell screening platform to isolate the cross-protective monoclonal antibody (mAb) 651 from mice immunized with the HAmg of A/Brisbane/59/2007 (H1N1) influenza virus (Bris/07). The mAb 651 recognized the head domain of a broad spectrum of HAs from groups 1 and 2 influenza A viruses and offered prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy against A/California/07/2009 (H1N1) (Cal/09) and Bris/07 infections in mice. The antibody did not possess neutralizing activity; however, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis mediated by natural killer cells and alveolar macrophages were important in the protective efficacy of mAb 651. Together, this study highlighted the significance of effector functions for non-neutralizing antibodies to exhibit protection against influenza virus infection. The protective efficacy of antibodies is generally related to their neutralization potency. Here, we isolated a monoclonal antibody from mice injected with monoglycosylated hemagglutinin protein-based universal influenza vaccine, and demonstrated a head-domain recognizing, but non-neutralizing, monoclonal antibody carried prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy against a broad spectrum of influenza virus infections in vivo via effector functions.
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21
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Rajendran M, Krammer F, McMahon M. The Human Antibody Response to the Influenza Virus Neuraminidase Following Infection or Vaccination. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9080846. [PMID: 34451971 PMCID: PMC8402431 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9080846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The influenza virus neuraminidase (NA) is primarily involved in the release of progeny viruses from infected cells—a critical role for virus replication. Compared to the immuno-dominant hemagglutinin, there are fewer NA subtypes, and NA experiences a slower rate of antigenic drift and reduced immune selection pressure. Furthermore, NA inhibiting antibodies prevent viral egress, thus preventing viral spread. Anti-NA immunity can lessen disease severity, reduce viral shedding, and decrease viral lung titers in humans and various animal models. As a result, there has been a concerted effort to investigate the possibilities of incorporating immunogenic forms of NA as a vaccine antigen in future vaccine formulations. In this review, we discuss NA-based immunity and describe several human NA-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that have a broad range of protection. We also review vaccine platforms that are investigating NA antigens in pre-clinical models and their potential use for next-generation influenza virus vaccines. The evidence presented here supports the inclusion of immunogenic NA in future influenza virus vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhusudan Rajendran
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA;
| | - Florian Krammer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA;
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Correspondence: (F.K.); (M.M.)
| | - Meagan McMahon
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA;
- Correspondence: (F.K.); (M.M.)
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22
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Kang S, Kim Y, Shin Y, Song JJ, Jon S. Antigen-Presenting, Self-Assembled Protein Nanobarrels as an Adjuvant-Free Vaccine Platform against Influenza Virus. ACS NANO 2021; 15:10722-10732. [PMID: 34114799 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c04078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Although naturally occurring, self-assembled protein nanoarchitectures have been utilized as antigen-delivery carriers, and the inability of such carriers to elicit immunogenicity requires additional use of strong adjuvants. Here, we report an immunogenic Brucella outer membrane protein BP26-derived nanoarchitecture displaying the influenza extracellular domain of matrix protein-2 (M2e) as a vaccine platform against influenza virus. Genetic engineering of a monomeric BP26 containing four or eight tandem repeats of M2e resulted in a hollow barrel-shaped nanoarchitecture (BP26-M2e nanobarrel). Immunization with BP26-M2e nanobarrels induced a strong M2e-specific humoral immune response in vivo that was much greater than that of a physical mixture of soluble M2e and BP26, with or without the use of an alum adjuvant. An anti-M2e antibody generated by BP26-M2e nanobarrel-immunized mice specifically bound to influenza virus-infected cells. Furthermore, in viral challenge tests, BP26-M2e nanobarrels effectively protected mice from influenza virus infection-associated death, even without the use of a conventional adjuvant. A mechanism study revealed that both M2e-specific antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and T cell responses are involved in the vaccine efficacy of BP26-M2e nanobarrels. These findings suggest that the BP26-based nanobarrel developed here represents a versatile vaccine platform that can be used against various viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukmo Kang
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST Institute for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yujin Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST Institute for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Center for Precision Bio-Nanomedicine, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yumi Shin
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST Institute for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Joon Song
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST Institute for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangyong Jon
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST Institute for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Center for Precision Bio-Nanomedicine, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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23
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Samrat SK, Tharappel AM, Li Z, Li H. Prospect of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein: Potential role in vaccine and therapeutic development. Virus Res 2020; 288:198141. [PMID: 32846196 PMCID: PMC7443330 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2020.198141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The recent outbreak of the betacoronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has become a significant concern to public health care worldwide. As of August 19, 2020, more than 22,140,472 people are infected, and over 781,135 people have died due to this deadly virus. In the USA alone, over 5,482,602 people are currently infected, and more than 171,823 people have died. SARS-CoV-2 has shown a higher infectivity rate and a more extended incubation period as compared to previous coronaviruses. SARS-CoV-2 binds much more strongly than SARS-CoV to the same host receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Previously, several methods to develop a vaccine against SARS-CoV or MERS-CoV have been tried with limited success. Since SARS-CoV-2 uses the spike (S) protein for entry to the host cell, it is one of the most preferred targets for making vaccines or therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2. In this review, we have summarised the characteristics of the S protein, as well as the different approaches being used for the development of vaccines and/or therapeutics based on the S protein.
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MESH Headings
- Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2
- Antibodies, Viral/biosynthesis
- Antibody-Dependent Enhancement/drug effects
- Betacoronavirus/drug effects
- Betacoronavirus/immunology
- Betacoronavirus/pathogenicity
- COVID-19
- COVID-19 Vaccines
- Clinical Trials as Topic
- Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology
- Coronavirus Infections/immunology
- Coronavirus Infections/prevention & control
- Coronavirus Infections/virology
- Genetic Vectors/chemistry
- Genetic Vectors/immunology
- Humans
- Immunogenicity, Vaccine
- Pandemics/prevention & control
- Patient Safety
- Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/genetics
- Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/immunology
- Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/metabolism
- Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology
- Pneumonia, Viral/immunology
- Pneumonia, Viral/prevention & control
- Pneumonia, Viral/virology
- Receptors, Virus/genetics
- Receptors, Virus/immunology
- Receptors, Virus/metabolism
- SARS-CoV-2
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/genetics
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/immunology
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/metabolism
- Vaccines, Attenuated
- Vaccines, DNA
- Vaccines, Subunit
- Vaccines, Virus-Like Particle/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Virus-Like Particle/biosynthesis
- Vaccines, Virus-Like Particle/immunology
- Viral Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Viral Vaccines/biosynthesis
- Viral Vaccines/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Subodh Kumar Samrat
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, 120 New Scotland Ave, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Anil M Tharappel
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, 120 New Scotland Ave, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Zhong Li
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, 120 New Scotland Ave, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Hongmin Li
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, 120 New Scotland Ave, Albany, NY 12208, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany, 1 University Place, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA.
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24
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Ong CWM, Migliori GB, Raviglione M, MacGregor-Skinner G, Sotgiu G, Alffenaar JW, Tiberi S, Adlhoch C, Alonzi T, Archuleta S, Brusin S, Cambau E, Capobianchi MR, Castilletti C, Centis R, Cirillo DM, D'Ambrosio L, Delogu G, Esposito SMR, Figueroa J, Friedland JS, Ho BCH, Ippolito G, Jankovic M, Kim HY, Rosales Klintz S, Ködmön C, Lalle E, Leo YS, Leung CC, Märtson AG, Melazzini MG, Najafi Fard S, Penttinen P, Petrone L, Petruccioli E, Pontali E, Saderi L, Santin M, Spanevello A, van Crevel R, van der Werf MJ, Visca D, Viveiros M, Zellweger JP, Zumla A, Goletti D. Epidemic and pandemic viral infections: impact on tuberculosis and the lung: A consensus by the World Association for Infectious Diseases and Immunological Disorders (WAidid), Global Tuberculosis Network (GTN), and members of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Study Group for Mycobacterial Infections (ESGMYC). Eur Respir J 2020; 56:2001727. [PMID: 32586885 PMCID: PMC7527651 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01727-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Major epidemics, including some that qualify as pandemics, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), HIV, influenza A (H1N1)pdm/09 and most recently COVID-19, affect the lung. Tuberculosis (TB) remains the top infectious disease killer, but apart from syndemic TB/HIV little is known regarding the interaction of viral epidemics and pandemics with TB. The aim of this consensus-based document is to describe the effects of viral infections resulting in epidemics and pandemics that affect the lung (MERS, SARS, HIV, influenza A (H1N1)pdm/09 and COVID-19) and their interactions with TB. A search of the scientific literature was performed. A writing committee of international experts including the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control Public Health Emergency (ECDC PHE) team, the World Association for Infectious Diseases and Immunological Disorders (WAidid), the Global Tuberculosis Network (GTN), and members of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID) Study Group for Mycobacterial Infections (ESGMYC) was established. Consensus was achieved after multiple rounds of revisions between the writing committee and a larger expert group. A Delphi process involving the core group of authors (excluding the ECDC PHE team) identified the areas requiring review/consensus, followed by a second round to refine the definitive consensus elements. The epidemiology and immunology of these viral infections and their interactions with TB are discussed with implications for diagnosis, treatment and prevention of airborne infections (infection control, viral containment and workplace safety). This consensus document represents a rapid and comprehensive summary on what is known on the topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Wei Min Ong
- Dept of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Institute for Health Innovation and Technology (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore
- These authors contributed equally
- Members of ESGMYC
| | - Giovanni Battista Migliori
- Servizio di Epidemiologia Clinica delle Malattie Respiratorie, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Tradate, Italy
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Mario Raviglione
- Centre for Multidisciplinary Research in Health Science, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Global Studies Institute, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Giovanni Sotgiu
- Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Statistics Unit, Dept of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Jan-Willem Alffenaar
- Sydney Pharmacy School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia
- Marie Bashir Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Members of ESGMYC
| | - Simon Tiberi
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Division of Infection, Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
- Members of ESGMYC
| | - Cornelia Adlhoch
- Public Health Emergency Team, European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Stockholm, Sweden
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control Public Health Emergency team co-authors
| | - Tonino Alonzi
- Translational Research Unit, Epidemiology and Preclinical Research Dept, "L. Spallanzani" National Institute for Infectious Diseases (INMI), IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Sophia Archuleta
- Dept of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sergio Brusin
- Public Health Emergency Team, European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Stockholm, Sweden
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control Public Health Emergency team co-authors
| | - Emmanuelle Cambau
- AP-HP-Lariboisiere, Bacteriologie, Laboratory Associated to the National Reference Centre for Mycobacteria, IAME UMR1137, INSERM, University of Paris, Paris, France
- Members of ESGMYC
| | - Maria Rosaria Capobianchi
- Laboratory of Virology, Epidemiology and Preclinical Research Dept, "L. Spallanzani" National Institute for Infectious Diseases (INMI), IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Concetta Castilletti
- Laboratory of Virology, Epidemiology and Preclinical Research Dept, "L. Spallanzani" National Institute for Infectious Diseases (INMI), IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosella Centis
- Servizio di Epidemiologia Clinica delle Malattie Respiratorie, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Tradate, Italy
| | - Daniela M Cirillo
- Emerging Bacterial Pathogens Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Members of ESGMYC
| | | | - Giovanni Delogu
- Università Cattolica Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
- Mater Olbia Hospital, Olbia, Italy
- Members of ESGMYC
| | - Susanna M R Esposito
- Pediatric Clinic, Pietro Barilla Children's Hospital, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | - Jon S Friedland
- St George's, University of London, London, UK
- Members of ESGMYC
| | - Benjamin Choon Heng Ho
- Tuberculosis Control Unit, Dept of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
| | - Giuseppe Ippolito
- Scientific Direction, "L. Spallanzani" National Institute for Infectious Diseases (INMI), IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Mateja Jankovic
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb and Clinic for Respiratory Diseases, University Hospital Center Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Members of ESGMYC
| | - Hannah Yejin Kim
- Sydney Pharmacy School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia
- Marie Bashir Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Senia Rosales Klintz
- Public Health Emergency Team, European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Stockholm, Sweden
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control Public Health Emergency team co-authors
| | - Csaba Ködmön
- Public Health Emergency Team, European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Stockholm, Sweden
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control Public Health Emergency team co-authors
| | - Eleonora Lalle
- Laboratory of Virology, Epidemiology and Preclinical Research Dept, "L. Spallanzani" National Institute for Infectious Diseases (INMI), IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Yee Sin Leo
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore
| | - Chi-Chiu Leung
- Hong Kong Tuberculosis, Chest and Heart Diseases Association, Wanchai, Hong Kong, China
| | - Anne-Grete Märtson
- Dept of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Saeid Najafi Fard
- Translational Research Unit, Epidemiology and Preclinical Research Dept, "L. Spallanzani" National Institute for Infectious Diseases (INMI), IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Pasi Penttinen
- Public Health Emergency Team, European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Stockholm, Sweden
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control Public Health Emergency team co-authors
| | - Linda Petrone
- Translational Research Unit, Epidemiology and Preclinical Research Dept, "L. Spallanzani" National Institute for Infectious Diseases (INMI), IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Petruccioli
- Translational Research Unit, Epidemiology and Preclinical Research Dept, "L. Spallanzani" National Institute for Infectious Diseases (INMI), IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Laura Saderi
- Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Statistics Unit, Dept of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Miguel Santin
- Dept of Infectious Diseases, Bellvitge University Hospital-Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Dept of Clinical Science, University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Members of ESGMYC
| | - Antonio Spanevello
- Division of Pulmonary Rehabilitation, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, Tradate, Italy
- Dept of Medicine and Surgery, Respiratory Diseases, University of Insubria, Varese-Como, Italy
| | - Reinout van Crevel
- Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Dept of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Members of ESGMYC
| | - Marieke J van der Werf
- Public Health Emergency Team, European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Stockholm, Sweden
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control Public Health Emergency team co-authors
| | - Dina Visca
- Division of Pulmonary Rehabilitation, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, Tradate, Italy
- Dept of Medicine and Surgery, Respiratory Diseases, University of Insubria, Varese-Como, Italy
| | - Miguel Viveiros
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Institute of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, NOVA University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- Members of ESGMYC
| | | | - Alimuddin Zumla
- Dept of Infection, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, UCL Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Delia Goletti
- Translational Research Unit, Epidemiology and Preclinical Research Dept, "L. Spallanzani" National Institute for Infectious Diseases (INMI), IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Saint Camillus International University of Health and Medical Sciences, Rome, Italy
- Members of ESGMYC
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25
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Boudreau CM, Yu WH, Suscovich TJ, Talbot HK, Edwards KM, Alter G. Selective induction of antibody effector functional responses using MF59-adjuvanted vaccination. J Clin Invest 2020; 130:662-672. [PMID: 31845904 DOI: 10.1172/jci129520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Seasonal and pandemic influenza infection remains a major public health concern worldwide. Driving robust humoral immunity has been a challenge given preexisting, often cross-reactive, immunity and in particular, poorly immunogenic avian antigens. To overcome immune barriers, the adjuvant MF59 has been used in seasonal influenza vaccines to increase antibody titers and improve neutralizing activity, translating to a moderate increase in protection in vulnerable populations. However, its effects on stimulating antibody effector functions, including NK cell activation, monocyte phagocytosis, and complement activity, all of which have been implicated in protection against influenza, have yet to be defined. Using systems serology, we assessed changes in antibody functional profiles in individuals who received H5N1 avian influenza vaccine administered with MF59, with alum, or delivered unadjuvanted. MF59 elicited antibody responses that stimulated robust neutrophil phagocytosis and complement activity. Conversely, vaccination with MF59 recruited NK cells poorly and drove moderate monocyte phagocytic activity, both likely compromised because of the induction of antibodies that did not bind FCGR3A. Collectively, defining the humoral antibody functions induced by distinct adjuvants may provide a path to designing next-generation vaccines that can selectively leverage the humoral immune functions, beyond binding and neutralization, resulting in better protection from infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn M Boudreau
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,PhD program in Virology, Division of Medical Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Wen-Han Yu
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Todd J Suscovich
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - H Keipp Talbot
- Department of Medicine.,Department of Health Policy, and
| | - Kathryn M Edwards
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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26
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Friel D, Co M, Ollinger T, Salaun B, Schuind A, Li P, Walravens K, Ennis FA, Vaughn DW. Non-neutralizing antibody responses following A(H1N1)pdm09 influenza vaccination with or without AS03 adjuvant system. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2020; 15:110-120. [PMID: 32889792 PMCID: PMC7767944 DOI: 10.1111/irv.12780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Non‐neutralizing antibodies inducing complement‐dependent lysis (CDL) and antibody‐dependent cell‐mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) activity may contribute to protection against influenza infection. We investigated CDL and ADCC responses in healthy adults randomized to receive either non‐adjuvanted or AS03‐adjuvanted monovalent A(H1N1)pdm09 vaccine (containing 15 µg/3.75 μg of hemagglutinin, respectively) on a 2‐dose schedule 21 days apart. Methods We conducted an exploratory analysis of a subset of 106 subjects having no prior history of A(H1N1)pdm09 infection or seasonal influenza vaccination enrolled in a previously reported study (NCT00985673). Antibody responses against the homologous A/California/7/2009 (H1N1) vaccine strain and a related A/Brisbane/59/2007 (H1N1) seasonal influenza strain were analyzed up to Day 42. Results Baseline seropositivity determined with hemagglutination inhibition (HI), CDL and ADCC antibody titers against viral strains was high; A/California/7/2009 (HI [40.4‐48.1%]; CDL [34.6‐36.0%]; ADCC [92.1‐92.3%]); A/Brisbane/59/2007 (HI [73.1‐88.9%]; CDL [38.0‐42.0%]; ADCC [86.8‐97.0%]). CDL seropositivity increased following vaccination with both adjuvanted and non‐adjuvanted formulations (A/California/7/2009 [95.9‐100%]; A/Brisbane/59/2007 [75.5‐79.6%]). At Day 21, increases in CDL and ADCC antibody geometric mean titers against both strains were observed for both formulations. After 2 doses of AS03‐adjuvanted vaccine, vaccine responses of 95.8% (≥9‐fold increase from baseline in CDL titers) and 34.3% (≥16‐fold increase from baseline in ADCC titers) were seen against A/California/7/2009; and 22.4% and 42.9%, respectively, against A/Brisbane/59/2007. Vaccine responses after 2 doses of the non‐adjuvanted vaccine were broadly similar. Conclusions Broadly comparable non‐neutralizing immune responses were observed following vaccination with non‐adjuvanted and AS03‐adjuvanted A(H1N1)pdm09 formulations; including activity against a related vaccine strain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mary Co
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Ping Li
- GSK, King of Prussia, PA, USA
| | | | - Francis A Ennis
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
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Abstract
Conventional influenza vaccines are based on predicting the circulating viruses year by year, conferring limited effectiveness since the antigenicity of vaccine strains does not always match the circulating viruses. This necessitates development of universal influenza vaccines that provide broader and lasting protection against pan-influenza viruses. The discovery of the highly conserved immunogens (epitopes) of influenza viruses provides attractive targets for universal vaccine design. Here we review the current understanding with broadly protective immunogens (epitopes) and discuss several important considerations to achieve the goal of universal influenza vaccines.
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Responsiveness to Influenza Vaccination Correlates with NKG2C-Expression on NK Cells. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8020281. [PMID: 32517137 PMCID: PMC7349951 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8020281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza vaccination often results in a large percentage of low responders, especially in high-risk groups. As a first line of defense, natural killer (NK) cells play a crucial role in the fight against infections. However, their implication with regard to vaccine responsiveness is insufficiently assessed. Therefore, this study aimed at the validation of essential NK cell features potentially associated with differential vaccine responsiveness with a special focus on NKG2C- and/or CD57-expressing NK cells considered to harbor memory-like functions. To this end, 16 healthy volunteers were vaccinated with an adjuvanted pandemic influenza vaccine. Vaccine responders and low responders were classified according to their hemagglutination inhibition antibody titers. A majority of responders displayed enhanced frequencies of NKG2C-expressing NK cells 7- or 14-days post-vaccination as compared to low responders, whereas the expression of CD57 was not differentially modulated. The NK cell cytotoxic potential was found to be confined to CD56dimCD16+ NKG2C-expressing NK cells in the responders but not in the low responders, which was further confirmed by stochastic neighbor embedding analysis. The presented study is the first of its kind that ascribes CD56dimCD16+ NKG2C-expressing NK cells a crucial role in biasing adaptive immune responses upon influenza vaccination and suggests NKG2C as a potential biomarker in predicting pandemic influenza vaccine responsiveness.
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29
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Powell H, Pekosz A. Neuraminidase antigenic drift of H3N2 clade 3c.2a viruses alters virus replication, enzymatic activity and inhibitory antibody binding. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008411. [PMID: 32598381 PMCID: PMC7351227 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In the 2014-2015 influenza season a novel neuraminidase (NA) genotype was detected in global human influenza A surveillance. This novel genotype encoded an N-linked glycosylation site at position 245-247 in the NA protein from clade 3c.2a H3N2 viruses. In the years following the 2014-2015 season, this novel NA glycosylation genotype quickly dominated the human H3N2 population of viruses. To assess the effect this novel N-linked glycan has on virus fitness and antibody binding, recombinant viruses with (NA Gly+) or without (NA Gly-) the 245 NA glycan were created. Viruses with the 245 NA Gly+ genotype grew to a significantly lower infectious virus titer on primary, differentiated human nasal epithelial cells (hNEC) compared to viruses with the 245 NA Gly- genotype, but growth was similar on immortalized cells. The 245 NA Gly+ blocked human and rabbit monoclonal antibodies that target the enzymatic site from binding to their epitope. Additionally, viruses with the 245 NA Gly+ genotype had significantly lower enzymatic activity compared to viruses with the 245 NA Gly- genotype. Human monoclonal antibodies that target residues near the 245 NA glycan were less effective at inhibiting NA enzymatic activity and virus replication of viruses encoding an NA Gly+ protein compared to ones encoding NA Gly- protein. Additionally, a recombinant H6N2 virus with the 245 NA Gly+ protein was more resistant to enzymatic inhibition from convalescent serum from H3N2-infected humans compared to viruses with the 245 NA Gly- genotype. Finally, the 245 NA Gly+ protected from NA antibody mediated virus neutralization. These results suggest that while the 245 NA Gly+ decreases virus replication in hNECs and decreases enzymatic activity, the 245 NA glycan blocks the binding of monoclonal and human serum NA specific antibodies that would otherwise inhibit enzymatic activity and virus replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harrison Powell
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Andrew Pekosz
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
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30
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Murine Cross-Reactive Nonneutralizing Polyclonal IgG1 Antibodies Induced by Influenza Vaccine Inhibit the Cross-Protective Effect of IgG2 against Heterologous Virus in Mice. J Virol 2020; 94:JVI.00323-20. [PMID: 32269125 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00323-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Annual vaccination against influenza viruses is the most reliable and efficient way to prevent and control annual epidemics and protect from severe influenza disease. However, current split influenza vaccines are generally not effective against antigenically mismatched (heterologous) strains. To broaden the protective spectrum of influenza vaccines, adjuvants that can induce cross-reactive antibodies with cross-protection via Fc-mediated effector functions are urgently sought. Although IgG2 antibodies are generally more efficient than IgG1 antibodies in Fc-mediated effector functions, it is not yet clear which IgG isotypes show superior cross-protection against heterologous strains. It also remains unclear whether these IgG isotypes interfere with each other's protective effects. Here, we found that influenza split vaccine adjuvanted with aluminum salts, which predominantly induce cross-reactive IgG1, did not confer cross-protection against heterologous virus challenge in mice. In contrast, split vaccine adjuvanted with CpG oligodeoxynucleotides, which predominantly induce cross-reactive IgG2, showed cross-protection through the interaction of cross-reactive nonneutralizing IgG2 and alveolar macrophages, indicating the importance of cross-reactive nonneutralizing IgG2 for cross-protection. Furthermore, by using serum samples from immunized mice and isolated polyclonal antibodies, we show that vaccine-induced cross-reactive nonneutralizing IgG1 suppress the cross-protective effects of IgG2 by competitively inhibiting the binding of IgG2 to virus. Thus, we demonstrate the new concept that cross-reactive IgG1 may interfere with the potential for cross-protection of influenza vaccine. We propose that adjuvants that selectively induce virus-specific IgG2 in mice, such as CpG oligodeoxynucleotides, are optimal for heterologous protection.IMPORTANCE Current influenza vaccines are generally effective against highly similar virus strains by inducing neutralizing antibodies. However, these antibodies fail to neutralize antigenically mismatched (heterologous) strains and therefore provide limited protection against them. Efforts are being made to develop vaccines with cross-protective ability that would protect broadly against heterologous strains, because the mismatch between predicted and epidemic strains cannot always be avoided, resulting in low vaccine efficacy. Here, we show that nonneutralizing IgG2 antibodies induced by an optimal adjuvant play a crucial role in cross-protection against heterologous virus challenge in mice. Furthermore, nonneutralizing polyclonal IgG1 suppressed the cross-protective effects of nonneutralizing polyclonal IgG2 by competitively blocking the binding of IgG2 to its antigen. These data shed new light on the importance of IgG isotypes and the selection of appropriate adjuvants for the development of universal influenza vaccines. Furthermore, our findings are applicable to the rational design of vaccines against other pathogens.
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31
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Wong J, Tai CM, Hurt AC, Tan HX, Kent SJ, Wheatley AK. Sequencing B cell receptors from ferrets (Mustela putorius furo). PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233794. [PMID: 32470013 PMCID: PMC7259655 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The domestic ferret (Mustela putorius furo) provides a critical animal model to study human respiratory diseases. However immunological insights are restricted due to a lack of ferret-specific reagents and limited genetic information about ferret B and T cell receptors. Here, variable, diversity and joining genes within the ferret kappa, lambda and heavy chain immunoglobulin loci were annotated using available genomic information. A multiplex PCR approach was derived that facilitated the recovery of paired heavy and light chain immunoglobulin sequences from single sorted ferret B cells, allowing validation of predicted germline gene sequences and the identification of putative novel germlines. Eukaryotic expression vectors were developed that enabled the generation of recombinant ferret monoclonal antibodies. This work advances the ferret as an informative immunological model for viral diseases by allowing the in-depth interrogation of antibody-based immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julius Wong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Celeste M. Tai
- World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Aeron C. Hurt
- World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hyon-Xhi Tan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephen J. Kent
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Melbourne Sexual Health Centre and Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Hospital and Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- ARC Centre for Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail: (AKW); (SJK)
| | - Adam K. Wheatley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- ARC Centre for Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail: (AKW); (SJK)
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Kim YS, Lim J, Sung J, Cheong Y, Lee EY, Kim J, Oh H, Kim YS, Cho NH, Choi S, Kang SM, Nam JH, Chae W, Seong BL. Built-in RNA-mediated chaperone (chaperna) for antigen folding tailored to immunized hosts. Biotechnol Bioeng 2020; 117:1990-2007. [PMID: 32297972 PMCID: PMC7262357 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
High‐quality antibody (Ab) production depends on the availability of immunologically relevant antigens. We present a potentially universal platform for generating soluble antigens from bacterial hosts, tailored to immunized animals for Ab production. A novel RNA‐dependent chaperone, in which the target antigen is genetically fused with an RNA‐interacting domain (RID) docking tag derived from the immunized host, promotes the solubility and robust folding of the target antigen. We selected the N‐terminal tRNA‐binding domain of lysyl‐tRNA synthetase (LysRS) as the RID for fusion with viral proteins and demonstrated the expression of the RID fusion proteins in their soluble and native conformations; immunization predominantly elicited Ab responses to the target antigen, whereas the “self” RID tag remained nonimmunogenic. Differential immunogenicity of the fusion proteins greatly enriched and simplified the screening of hybridoma clones of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), enabling specific and sensitive serodiagnosis of MERS‐CoV infection. Moreover, mAbs against the consensus influenza hemagglutinin stalk domain enabled a novel assay for trivalent seasonal influenza vaccines. The Fc‐mediated effector function was demonstrated, which could be harnessed for the design of next‐generation “universal” influenza vaccines. The nonimmunogenic built‐in antigen folding module tailored to a repertoire of immunized animal hosts will drive immunochemical diagnostics, therapeutics, and designer vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Seok Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongkwan Lim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jemin Sung
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yucheol Cheong
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Young Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihoon Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hana Oh
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Sook Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Hyuk Cho
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongil Choi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sang-Moo Kang
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jae-Hwan Nam
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonil Chae
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Baik L Seong
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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A Bivalent, Spherical Virus-Like Particle Vaccine Enhances Breadth of Immune Responses against Pathogenic Ebola Viruses in Rhesus Macaques. J Virol 2020; 94:JVI.01884-19. [PMID: 32075939 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01884-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The 2013-2016 Ebola outbreak in West Africa led to accelerated efforts to develop vaccines against these highly virulent viruses. A live, recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus-based vaccine has been deployed in outbreak settings and appears highly effective. Vaccines based on replication-deficient adenovirus vectors either alone or in combination with a multivalent modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) Ebola vaccine also appear promising and are progressing in clinical evaluation. However, the ability of current live vector-based approaches to protect against multiple pathogenic species of Ebola is not yet established, and eliciting durable responses may require additional booster vaccinations. Here, we report the development of a bivalent, spherical Ebola virus-like particle (VLP) vaccine that incorporates glycoproteins (GPs) from Zaire Ebola virus (EBOV) and Sudan Ebola virus (SUDV) and is designed to extend the breadth of immunity beyond EBOV. Immunization of rabbits with bivalent Ebola VLPs produced antibodies that neutralized all four pathogenic species of Ebola viruses and elicited antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) responses against EBOV and SUDV. Vaccination of rhesus macaques with bivalent VLPs generated strong humoral immune responses, including high titers of binding, as well as neutralizing antibodies and ADCC responses. VLP vaccination led to a significant increase in the frequency of Ebola GP-specific CD4 and CD8 T cell responses. These results demonstrate that a novel bivalent Ebola VLP vaccine elicits strong humoral and cellular immune responses against pathogenic Ebola viruses and support further evaluation of this approach as a potential addition to Ebola vaccine development efforts.IMPORTANCE Ebola outbreaks result in significant morbidity and mortality in affected countries. Although several leading candidate Ebola vaccines have been developed and advanced in clinical testing, additional vaccine candidates may be needed to provide protection against different Ebola species and to extend the durability of protection. A novel approach demonstrated here is to express two genetically diverse glycoproteins on a spherical core, generating a vaccine that can broaden immune responses against known pathogenic Ebola viruses. This approach provides a new method to broaden and potentially extend protective immune responses against Ebola viruses.
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Gao R, Sheng Z, Sreenivasan CC, Wang D, Li F. Influenza A Virus Antibodies with Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity Function. Viruses 2020; 12:v12030276. [PMID: 32121563 PMCID: PMC7150983 DOI: 10.3390/v12030276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza causes millions of cases of hospitalizations annually and remains a public health concern on a global scale. Vaccines are developed and have proven to be the most effective countermeasures against influenza infection. Their efficacy has been largely evaluated by hemagglutinin inhibition (HI) titers exhibited by vaccine-induced neutralizing antibodies, which correlate fairly well with vaccine-conferred protection. Contrarily, non-neutralizing antibodies and their therapeutic potential are less well defined, yet, recent advances in anti-influenza antibody research indicate that non-neutralizing Fc-effector activities, especially antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), also serve as a critical mechanism in antibody-mediated anti-influenza host response. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) with Fc-effector activities have the potential for prophylactic and therapeutic treatment of influenza infection. Inducing mAbs mediated Fc-effector functions could be a complementary or alternative approach to the existing neutralizing antibody-based prevention and therapy. This review mainly discusses recent advances in Fc-effector functions, especially ADCC and their potential role in influenza countermeasures. Considering the complexity of anti-influenza approaches, future vaccines may need a cocktail of immunogens in order to elicit antibodies with broad-spectrum protection via multiple protective mechanisms.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptive Immunity
- Animals
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/chemistry
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
- Antibodies, Viral/chemistry
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/chemistry
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/immunology
- Host-Pathogen Interactions/immunology
- Humans
- Immunity, Innate
- Influenza A virus/immunology
- Influenza Vaccines/immunology
- Influenza, Human/immunology
- Influenza, Human/prevention & control
- Influenza, Human/virology
- Structure-Activity Relationship
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongyuan Gao
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA; (R.G.); (C.C.S.)
| | - Zizhang Sheng
- Zuckerman Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA;
| | - Chithra C. Sreenivasan
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA; (R.G.); (C.C.S.)
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA; (R.G.); (C.C.S.)
- Correspondence: (D.W.); (F.L.)
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA; (R.G.); (C.C.S.)
- BioSNTR, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
- Correspondence: (D.W.); (F.L.)
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35
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Yamamoto T, Masuta Y, Momota M, Kanekiyo M, Kanuma T, Takahama S, Moriishi E, Yasutomi Y, Saito T, Graham BS, Takahashi Y, Ishii KJ. A unique nanoparticulate TLR9 agonist enables a HA split vaccine to confer FcγR-mediated protection against heterologous lethal influenza virus infection. Int Immunol 2020; 31:81-90. [PMID: 30535055 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxy069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of a universal influenza vaccine that can provide a robust and long-lasting protection against a broader range of influenza virus strains is a global public health priority. One approach to improve vaccine efficacy is to use an adjuvant to boost immune responses to the target antigens; nevertheless, the role of adjuvants in the context of influenza vaccines is not fully understood. We have previously developed the K3-schizophyllan (SPG) adjuvant, which is composed of nanoparticulated oligodeoxynucleotides K3, a TLR9 agonist, with SPG, a non-agonistic β-glucan ligand of Dectin-1. In this study, K3-SPG given with conventional influenza hemagglutinin (HA) split vaccine (K3-SPG HA) conferred protection against antigenically mismatched heterologous virus challenge. While K3-SPG HA elicited robust cross-reactive HA-specific IgG2c and CD8 T-cell responses, CD8 T-cell depletion had no impact on this cross-protection. In contrast, K3-SPG HA was not able to confer protection against heterologous virus challenge in FcRγ-deficient mice. Our results indicated that FcγR-mediated antibody responses induced by the HA antigen and K3-SPG adjuvant were important for potent protection against antigenically mismatched influenza virus infection. Thus, we demonstrated that the K3-SPG-adjuvanted vaccine strategy broadens protective immunity against influenza and provides a basis for the development of next-generation influenza vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Adjuvant Innovation, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research, Osaka, Japan.,Laboratory of Immunosenescence, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuji Masuta
- Laboratory of Adjuvant Innovation, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research, Osaka, Japan.,Laboratories of Discovery Research, Nippon Shinyaku Co., Ltd., Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Momota
- Laboratory of Adjuvant Innovation, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research, Osaka, Japan.,Laboratory of Vaccine Science, World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaru Kanekiyo
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tomohiro Kanuma
- Laboratory of Adjuvant Innovation, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research, Osaka, Japan.,Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Vaccine Research, Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Shoukichi Takahama
- Laboratory of Immunosenescence, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan.,Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Vaccine Research, Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Eiko Moriishi
- Laboratory of Immunosenescence, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Yasutomi
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Vaccine Research, Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takashi Saito
- Laboratory for Cell Signaling, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Barney S Graham
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yoshimasa Takahashi
- Department of Immunology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken J Ishii
- Laboratory of Adjuvant Innovation, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research, Osaka, Japan.,Laboratory of Vaccine Science, World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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36
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Berselli GB, Sarangi NK, Gimenez AV, Murphy PV, Keyes TE. Microcavity array supported lipid bilayer models of ganglioside – influenza hemagglutinin1 binding. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:11251-11254. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc04276e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The binding of influenza receptor (HA1) to membranes containing different glycosphingolipid receptors was investigated at Microcavity Supported Lipid Bilayers (MSLBs).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Paul V. Murphy
- School of Chemistry NUI Galway University Road
- Galway
- Ireland
| | - Tia E. Keyes
- School of Chemical Sciences
- Dublin City University
- Dublin
- Ireland
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37
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Krammer F, Weir JP, Engelhardt O, Katz JM, Cox RJ. Meeting report and review: Immunological assays and correlates of protection for next-generation influenza vaccines. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2019; 14:237-243. [PMID: 31837101 PMCID: PMC7040967 DOI: 10.1111/irv.12706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This report summarizes the discussions and conclusions from the "Immunological Assays and Correlates of Protection for Next-Generation Influenza Vaccines" meeting which took place in Siena, Italy, from March 31, 2019, to April 2, 2019. CONCLUSIONS Furthermore, we review current correlates of protection against influenza virus infection and disease and their usefulness for the development of next generation broadly protective and universal influenza virus vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Krammer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Jerry P Weir
- Division of Viral Products, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Othmar Engelhardt
- Division of Virology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Potters Bar, UK
| | - Jacqueline M Katz
- Formerly Influenza Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Rebecca Jane Cox
- Department of Clinical Science, Influenza Centre, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Smatti MK, Nasrallah GK, Al Thani AA, Yassine HM. Measuring influenza hemagglutinin (HA) stem-specific antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) in human sera using novel stabilized stem nanoparticle probes. Vaccine 2019; 38:815-821. [PMID: 31735504 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.10.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Generating vaccine that confers a complete protection is a major goal in designing a universal influenza vaccine. Currently, there is a considerable interest in the broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAb) targeting the conserved HA stem region. These antibodies have been shown to activate cellular immune responses, such as ADCC, in addition to their neutralization activity. We had previously demonstrated that immunization with H1-based stabilized stem (SS) nanoparticles (np) protects against heterosubtypic lethal H5N1 challenge, despite the absence of detectable neutralizing activity. Utilizing these novel SS probes to develop an ADCC assay would help in understanding the mechanism of action of stem-specific antibodies, as well as evaluating future influenza vaccines. OBJECTIVES To develop a new protocol to assess the ADCC activity mediated by stem-directed antibodies in human sera using novel SS np probes. STUDY DESIGN Human sera samples were screened for binding and ADCC activities to different influenza group 1 SS probes (H1, H2, and H5) using trimeric SS or multivalent SS-np (n = 8 trimers) formats. RESULTS Initial screening revealed 63% (57/90) seroprevalence of anti-HA (H1) stem-epitope antibodies, as determined by the differential binding to HA SS and its corresponding epitope-mutant (Ile45Arg/Thr49Arg) probe. Using equimolar amounts, the multivalent presentation of HA SS on np induced significantly higher ADCC activity compared to the monovalent (trimer) SS probes (2-6 fold increase). Further, ADCC activity was similarly reported against different group 1 influenza subtypes: H1, H2, and H5. Importantly, ADCC was mediated mainly by antibodies targeting the bnAb-epitope on the HA stem. CONCLUSION We report on an assay to measure stem-specific ADCC activity using SS np probes. Our results indicate high prevalence of HA-stem antibodies with cross-reactive ADCC activity. Such assay could be utilized in the assessment of next generation influenza vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria K Smatti
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Gheyath K Nasrallah
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar; Biomedical Sciences Program, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Asmaa A Al Thani
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar; Biomedical Sciences Program, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hadi M Yassine
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar; Biomedical Sciences Program, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
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Wong J, Layton D, Wheatley AK, Kent SJ. Improving immunological insights into the ferret model of human viral infectious disease. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2019; 13:535-546. [PMID: 31583825 PMCID: PMC6800307 DOI: 10.1111/irv.12687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferrets are a well-established model for studying both the pathogenesis and transmission of human respiratory viruses and evaluation of antiviral vaccines. Advanced immunological studies would add substantial value to the ferret models of disease but are hindered by the low number of ferret-reactive reagents available for flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. Nevertheless, progress has been made to understand immune responses in the ferret model with a limited set of ferret-specific reagents and assays. This review examines current immunological insights gained from the ferret model across relevant human respiratory diseases, with a focus on influenza viruses. We highlight key knowledge gaps that need to be bridged to advance the utility of ferrets for immunological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julius Wong
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyPeter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVic.Australia
| | - Daniel Layton
- CSIRO Health and BiosecurityAustralian Animal Health LaboratoriesGeelongVic.Australia
| | - Adam K. Wheatley
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyPeter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVic.Australia
| | - Stephen J. Kent
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyPeter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVic.Australia
- Melbourne Sexual Health Centre and Department of Infectious DiseasesAlfred Hospital and Central Clinical SchoolMonash UniversityMelbourneVic.Australia
- ARC Centre for Excellence in Convergent Bio‐Nano Science and TechnologyUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVic.Australia
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40
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Sedova ES, Scherbinin DN, Lysenko AA, Alekseeva SV, Artemova EA, Shmarov MM. Non-neutralizing Antibodies Directed at Conservative Influenza Antigens. Acta Naturae 2019; 11:22-32. [PMID: 31993232 PMCID: PMC6977952 DOI: 10.32607/20758251-2019-11-4-22-32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
At the moment, developing new broad-spectrum influenza vaccines which would help avoid annual changes in a vaccine's strain set is urgency. In addition, developing new vaccines based on highly conserved influenza virus proteins could allow us to better prepare for potential pandemics and significantly reduce the damage they cause. Evaluation of the humoral response to vaccine administration is a key aspect of the characterization of the effectiveness of influenza vaccines. In the development of new broad-spectrum influenza vaccines, it is important to study the mechanisms of action of various antibodies, including non-neutralizing ones, as well as to be in the possession of methods for quantifying these antibodies after immunization with new vaccines against influenza. In this review, we focused on the mechanisms of anti-influenza action of non-neutralizing antibodies, such as antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP), and antibody-mediated complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC). The influenza virus antigens that trigger these reactions are hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA), as well as highly conserved antigens, such as M2 (ion channel), M1 (matrix protein), and NP (nucleoprotein). In addition, the mechanisms of action and methods for detecting antibodies to neuraminidase (NA) and to the stem domain of hemagglutinin (HA) of the influenza virus are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. S. Sedova
- Federal Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the honorary academician N.F. Gamaleya of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, 123098 Russia
| | - D. N. Scherbinin
- Federal Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the honorary academician N.F. Gamaleya of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, 123098 Russia
| | - A. A. Lysenko
- Federal Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the honorary academician N.F. Gamaleya of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, 123098 Russia
| | - S. V. Alekseeva
- Federal Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the honorary academician N.F. Gamaleya of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, 123098 Russia
| | - E. A. Artemova
- Federal Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the honorary academician N.F. Gamaleya of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, 123098 Russia
| | - M. M. Shmarov
- Federal Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the honorary academician N.F. Gamaleya of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, 123098 Russia
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41
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Intragastric delivery of recombinant Lactococcus lactis displaying ectodomain of influenza matrix protein 2 (M2e) and neuraminidase (NA) induced focused mucosal and systemic immune responses in chickens. Mol Immunol 2019; 114:497-512. [PMID: 31518854 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2019.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Compounding with the problem of frequent antigenic shift and occasional drift of the segmented genome of Avian Influenza Virus (AIV), vaccines based on major surface glycoproteins such as haemagglutinin (HA) to counter heterosubtypic AIV infection in chickens remain unsuccessful. In contrast, neuraminidase (NA), the second most abundant surface glycoprotein present in viral capsid is less mutable and, in some instances, successful in eliciting inter-species cross-reactive antibody responses. However, without selective activation of B-cells and T-cells, the ability of NA to induce strong cell mediated immune responses is limited, thus NA based vaccines cannot singularly address the risk of virus escape from host defence. To this end, the highly conserved ectodomain of influenza matrix protein-2 (M2e) has emerged as an attractive cross-protective vaccine target. The present study describes the potential of recombinant Lactococcus lactis (rL. lactis) in expressing functional influenza NA or M2e proteins and conferring effective mucosal and systemic immune responses in the intestine as well as in the upper respiratory airways (trachea) of chickens. In addition, lavages collected from trachea and intestine of birds administered with rL. lactis expressing influenza NA or M2e protein were found to protect MDCK cells against avian influenza type A/PR/8/34 (H1N1) virus challenge. Although minor, the differences in the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines gene transcripts targeted in this study among the birds administered with either empty or rL. lactis could be attributed to the activation of innate response by L. lactis.
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42
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Padilla-Quirarte HO, Lopez-Guerrero DV, Gutierrez-Xicotencatl L, Esquivel-Guadarrama F. Protective Antibodies Against Influenza Proteins. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1677. [PMID: 31379866 PMCID: PMC6657620 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The influenza A virus infection continues to be a threat to the human population. The seasonal variation of the virus and the likelihood of periodical pandemics caused by completely new virus strains make it difficult to produce vaccines that efficiently protect against this infection. Antibodies (Abs) are very important in preventing the infection and in blocking virus propagation once the infection has taken place. However, the precise protection mechanism provided by these Abs still needs to be established. Furthermore, most research has focused on Abs directed to the globular head domain of hemagglutinin (HA). However, other domains of HA (like the stem) and other proteins are also able to elicit protective Ab responses. In this article, we review the current knowledge about the role of both neutralizing and non-neutralizing anti-influenza proteins Abs that play a protective role during infection or vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herbey O Padilla-Quirarte
- LIV, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Mexico.,Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Cuernavaca, Mexico
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43
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Nguyen QT, Kwak C, Lee WS, Kim J, Jeong J, Sung MH, Yang J, Poo H. Poly-γ-Glutamic Acid Complexed With Alum Induces Cross-Protective Immunity of Pandemic H1N1 Vaccine. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1604. [PMID: 31354739 PMCID: PMC6637289 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of a good vaccine adjuvant may induce a higher immunogenicity profile of vaccine antigens. Here, we developed a new adjuvant by combining poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) with alum (PGA/Alum) and investigated its ability to enhance the immunogenicity and the cross-reactive efficacy of pandemic H1N1 (pH1N1) influenza vaccine antigen. PGA/Alum enhanced antigen delivery to draining lymph nodes and antigen-specific immunogenicity in mice using OVA as a model antigen. It also greatly increased OVA-specific antibody production, cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity, and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). These abilities of PGA/Alum improved the protective efficacy of pH1N1 vaccine antigen by increasing hemagglutination-inhibition titers, enhancing ADCC and CTL activity, and speeding viral clearance following homologous viral challenge. Importantly, the cross-protective efficacy of pH1N1 vaccine against heterologous viruses [A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (H1N1) and A/Hong Kong/1/1968 (H3N2)] was significantly enhanced by PGA/Alum, and cross-reactive ADCC and CTL activities were observed. Together, our results strongly suggest that PGA/Alum may be a promising vaccine adjuvant for preventing influenza and other infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quyen Thi Nguyen
- Infectious Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea.,Department of Biosystems and Bioengineering, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Chaewon Kwak
- Infectious Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea.,Department of Biosystems and Bioengineering, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Wang Sik Lee
- Environmental Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea.,Department of Nanobiotechnology, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jaemoo Kim
- Infectious Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea.,Department of Biosystems and Bioengineering, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jinyoung Jeong
- Environmental Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea.,Department of Nanobiotechnology, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Moon Hee Sung
- Department of Bio and Nanochemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jihyun Yang
- Infectious Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Haryoung Poo
- Infectious Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea.,Department of Biosystems and Bioengineering, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
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44
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Von Holle TA, Moody MA. Influenza and Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1457. [PMID: 31316510 PMCID: PMC6611398 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the availability of yearly vaccinations, influenza continues to cause seasonal, and pandemic rises in illness and death. An error prone replication mechanism results in antigenic drift and viral escape from immune pressure, and recombination results in antigenic shift that can rapidly move through populations that lack immunity to newly emergent strains. The development of a “universal” vaccine is a high priority and many strategies have been proposed, but our current understanding of influenza immunity is incomplete making the development of better influenza vaccines challenging. Influenza immunity has traditionally been measured by neutralization of virions and hemagglutination inhibition, but in recent years there has been a growing appreciation of other responses that can contribute to protection such as antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) that can kill influenza-infected cells. ADCC has been shown to provide cross-strain protection and to assist in viral clearance, making it an attractive target for “universal” vaccine designs. Here we provide a brief overview of the current state of influenza research that leverages “the other end of the antibody.”
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarra A Von Holle
- Duke University Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - M Anthony Moody
- Duke University Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States.,Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
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45
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Development of Influenza B Universal Vaccine Candidates Using the "Mosaic" Hemagglutinin Approach. J Virol 2019; 93:JVI.00333-19. [PMID: 30944178 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00333-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza B viruses cause seasonal epidemics and are a considerable burden to public health. However, protection by current seasonal vaccines is suboptimal due to the antigenic changes of the circulating strains. In this study, we report a novel universal influenza B virus vaccination strategy based on "mosaic" hemagglutinins. We generated mosaic B hemagglutinins by replacing the major antigenic sites of the type B hemagglutinin with corresponding sequences from exotic influenza A hemagglutinins and expressed them as soluble trimeric proteins. Sequential vaccination with recombinant mosaic B hemagglutinin proteins conferred cross-protection against both homologous and heterologous influenza B virus strains in the mouse model. Of note, we rescued recombinant influenza B viruses expressing mosaic B hemagglutinins, which could serve as the basis for a universal influenza B virus vaccine.IMPORTANCE This work reports a universal influenza B virus vaccination strategy based on focusing antibody responses to conserved head and stalk epitopes of the hemagglutinin. Recombinant mosaic influenza B hemagglutinin proteins and recombinant viruses have been generated as novel vaccine candidates. This vaccine strategy provided broad cross-protection in the mouse model. Our findings will inform and drive development toward a more effective influenza B virus vaccine.
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46
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Rao S, Ghosh D, Asturias EJ, Weinberg A. What can we learn about influenza infection and vaccination from transcriptomics? Hum Vaccin Immunother 2019; 15:2615-2623. [PMID: 31116679 PMCID: PMC6930070 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2019.1608744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcriptomics studies the set of RNA transcripts produced by the genome using high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics. This growing field has revolutionized our understanding of host-pathogen interactions, revealing new insights into the host response to influenza infection and vaccination. Studies using transcriptomics have identified a unique immunosignature for influenza discernable from other bacterial and viral pathogens, key transcriptional factors that discriminate early from late, mild versus severe, and symptomatic versus asymptomatic infection. Recent studies evaluating the host response to influenza vaccines have revealed key differences in live versus inactivated influenza vaccines, identified early transcriptional signatures that predict hemagglutinin antibody production following vaccination, increased our understanding of how adjuvants enhance the immune response to influenza vaccine antigens, and demonstrate biologic variability in the response to vaccination due to host factors. These studies demonstrate the potential for influenza transcriptomics to be applied to clinical care, understanding the mechanisms of infection, and informing vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchitra Rao
- Department of Pediatrics (Infectious Diseases, Hospital Medicine, Epidemiology), University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Debashis Ghosh
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Edwin J Asturias
- Department of Pediatrics (Pediatric Infectious Diseases), University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado and Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Adriana Weinberg
- Department of Medicine, Pathology and Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
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Koopman G, Mortier D, Michels S, Hofman S, Fagrouch Z, Remarque EJ, Verschoor EJ, Mooij P, Bogers WM. Influenza virus infection as well as immunization with DNA encoding haemagglutinin protein induces potent antibody-dependent phagocytosis (ADP) and monocyte infection-enhancing responses in macaques. J Gen Virol 2019; 100:738-751. [DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gerrit Koopman
- 1Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Lange Kleiweg 161, 2288 GJ Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Daniella Mortier
- 1Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Lange Kleiweg 161, 2288 GJ Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Samira Michels
- 1Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Lange Kleiweg 161, 2288 GJ Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Sam Hofman
- 2Department of Parasitology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Lange Kleiweg 161, 2288 GJ Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Zahra Fagrouch
- 1Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Lange Kleiweg 161, 2288 GJ Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Edmond J. Remarque
- 1Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Lange Kleiweg 161, 2288 GJ Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Ernst J. Verschoor
- 1Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Lange Kleiweg 161, 2288 GJ Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Petra Mooij
- 1Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Lange Kleiweg 161, 2288 GJ Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Willy M.J.M. Bogers
- 1Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Lange Kleiweg 161, 2288 GJ Rijswijk, The Netherlands
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Boudreau CM, Alter G. Extra-Neutralizing FcR-Mediated Antibody Functions for a Universal Influenza Vaccine. Front Immunol 2019; 10:440. [PMID: 30949165 PMCID: PMC6436086 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
While neutralizing antibody titers measured by hemagglutination inhibition have been proposed as a correlate of protection following influenza vaccination, neutralization alone is a modest predictor of protection against seasonal influenza. Instead, emerging data point to a critical role for additional extra-neutralizing functions of antibodies in protection from infection. Specifically, beyond binding and neutralization, antibodies mediate a variety of additional immune functions via their ability to recruit and deploy innate immune effector function. Along these lines, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, antibody-mediated macrophage phagocytosis and activation, antibody-driven neutrophil activation, antibody-dependent complement deposition, and non-classical Fc-receptor antibody trafficking have all been implicated in protection from influenza infection. However, the precise mechanism(s) by which the immune system actively tunes antibody functionality to drive protective immunity has been poorly characterized. Here we review the data related to Fc-effector functional protection from influenza and discuss prospects to leverage this humoral immune activity for the development of a universal influenza vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn M Boudreau
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States.,Harvard Ph.D. Program in Virology, Division of Medical Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
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49
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An Effective Neutralizing Antibody Against Influenza Virus H1N1 from Human B Cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4546. [PMID: 30872685 PMCID: PMC6418199 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40937-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza is a contagious acute respiratory disease caused by the influenza virus infection. Hemagglutinin (HA) is an important target in the therapeutic treatment and diagnostic detection of the influenza virus. Influenza A virus encompasses several different HA subtypes with different strains, which are constantly changing. In this study, we identified a fully human H1N1 neutralizing antibody (32D6) via an Epstein-Barr virus-immortalized B cell-based technology. 32D6 specifically neutralizes the clinically isolated H1N1 strains after the 2009 pandemic but not the earlier strains. The epitope was identified through X-ray crystallographic analysis of the 32D6-Fab/HA1 complex structure, which revealed a unique loop conformation located on the top surface of HA. The major region is composed of two peptide segments (residues 172-177 and 206-213), which form an abreast loop conformation. The residue T262 between the two loops forms a conformational epitope for recognition by 32D6. Three water molecules were observed at the interface of HA and the heavy chain, and they may constitute a stabilizing element for the 32D6-HA association. In addition, each 32D6-Fab is likely capable of blocking one HA trimer. This study provides important information on the strain specificity of 32D6 for the therapeutic treatment and detection of viral infection.
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50
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Gianchecchi E, Torelli A, Montomoli E. The use of cell-mediated immunity for the evaluation of influenza vaccines: an upcoming necessity. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2019; 15:1021-1030. [PMID: 30614754 PMCID: PMC6605831 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2019.1565269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza vaccines are a fundamental tool for preventing the disease and reducing its consequences, particularly in specific high-risk groups. In order to be licensed, influenza vaccines have to meet strict criteria established by European Medicines Agency. Although the licensure of influenza vaccines started 65 years ago, Hemagglutination Inhibition and Single Radial Hemolysis are the only serological assays that can ascertain correlates of protection. However, they present evident limitations. The present review focuses on the evaluation of cell-mediated immunity (CMI), which plays an important role in the host immune response in protecting against virus-related illness and in the establishment of long-term immunological memory. Although correlates of protection are not currently available for CMI, it would be advisable to investigate this kind of immunological response for the evaluation of next-generation vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A Torelli
- a VisMederi srl , Siena , Italy.,b Department of Life Sciences , University of Siena , Siena , Italy
| | - E Montomoli
- a VisMederi srl , Siena , Italy.,c Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine , University of Siena , Siena , Italy
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