1
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Yan X, Huang W, Suo X, Pan S, Li T, Liu H, Tan B, Zhang S, Yang Y, Dong X. Integrated analysis of microbiome and host transcriptome reveals the damage/protective mechanism of corn oil and olive oil on the gut health of grouper (♀ Epinephelus fuscoguttatus × ♂ E. lanceolatu). Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127550. [PMID: 37865354 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
As digestive and immune organs of animals, the gut was frequently used to evaluate the health status of aquatic animals. In previous oil source alternatives study, corn oil (CO) had been found to induce gut inflammation, while olive oil (OO) had been found to be effective in protecting intestinal health. Three diets with different oil sources (fish oil, CO, OO) were formulated for an 8-week culture experiment, and it was proposed to combine 16S sequencing and transcriptome sequencing analysis to preliminarily elucidate the damage/protection mechanism of CO and OO on the gut health of grouper (♀ Epinephelus fuscoguttatus × ♂ E. lanceolatu). We found that CO indeed damaged to gut health and destroyed the gut structure, while OO had a positive outcome in protecting the gut structure, promoting digestibility and relieving enteritis. Photobacterium, Romboutsia and Epulopiscium were significantly enriched in OO group and Staphylococcus were significantly enriched in CO group. Transcriptome sequencing further revealed CO could activated Complement and coagulation cascades, Staphylococcus aureus infection, Systemic lupus erythematosus, and Tuberculosis pathways; conversely, OO activated B-cell signaling receptors, promoted B-cell proliferation and apoptosis, and thus activated B-cell signaling pathways to enhance immunity, whereas OO can regulate IL17 signaling pathway and TNF signaling pathway to inhibit NF-κB signaling pathway to reduce pro-inflammatory response. By integrating the microbiome and transcriptome, further identified all differential microorganisms were directly and significantly correlated with differential genes, and Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, Romboutsia, Staphylococcus might as the core regulates the expression of differential gene in the organism. These results reveal that different oil sources alter gut gene expression mainly by modulating the composition and abundance of gut microbiota, further regulating the health status of the gut. Gut microbiota could be used as biomarkers to provide reference and solutions for the mitigation of inflammation in aquatic animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Yan
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; GuangDong Engineering Technology Research Center of Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088, China
| | - Weibin Huang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; GuangDong Engineering Technology Research Center of Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088, China
| | - Xiangxiang Suo
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; GuangDong Engineering Technology Research Center of Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088, China
| | - Simiao Pan
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; GuangDong Engineering Technology Research Center of Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088, China
| | - Tao Li
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; GuangDong Engineering Technology Research Center of Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; GuangDong Engineering Technology Research Center of Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088, China
| | - Beiping Tan
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; GuangDong Engineering Technology Research Center of Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088, China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524000, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; GuangDong Engineering Technology Research Center of Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088, China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524000, China
| | - Yuanzhi Yang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Xiaohui Dong
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; GuangDong Engineering Technology Research Center of Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088, China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524000, China.
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2
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Ma Y, Zhang K, Wu Y, Fu X, Liang S, Peng M, Guo J, Liu M. Revisiting the relationship between complement and ulcerative colitis. Scand J Immunol 2023; 98:e13329. [PMID: 38441324 DOI: 10.1111/sji.13329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory bowel disorder (IBD) characterized by relapsing chronic inflammation of the colon that causes continuous mucosal inflammation. The global incidence of UC is steadily increasing. Immune mechanisms are involved in the pathogenesis of UC, of which complement is shown to play a critical role by inducing local chronic inflammatory responses that promote tissue damage. However, the function of various complement components in the development of UC is complex and even paradoxical. Some components (e.g. C1q, CD46, CD55, CD59, and C6) are shown to safeguard the intestinal barrier and reduce intestinal inflammation, while others (e.g. C3, C5, C5a) can exacerbate intestinal damage and accelerate the development of UC. The complement system was originally thought to function primarily in an extracellular mode; however, recent evidence indicates that it can also act intracellularly as the complosome. The current study provides an overview of current studies on complement and its role in the development of UC. While there are few studies that describe how intracellular complement contributes to UC, we discuss potential future directions based on related publications. We also highlight novel methods that target complement for IBD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Ma
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Inflammatory Disease Research in Universities of Shandong Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Kaicheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Inflammatory Disease Research in Universities of Shandong Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Inflammatory Disease Research in Universities of Shandong Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Xiaoyan Fu
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Inflammatory Disease Research in Universities of Shandong Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Shujuan Liang
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Inflammatory Disease Research in Universities of Shandong Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Meiyu Peng
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Inflammatory Disease Research in Universities of Shandong Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Juntang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Inflammatory Disease Research in Universities of Shandong Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Meifang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Inflammatory Disease Research in Universities of Shandong Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
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3
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West EE, Kemper C. Complosome - the intracellular complement system. Nat Rev Nephrol 2023:10.1038/s41581-023-00704-1. [PMID: 37055581 PMCID: PMC10100629 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-023-00704-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
The complement system is a recognized pillar of host defence against infection and noxious self-derived antigens. Complement is traditionally known as a serum-effective system, whereby the liver expresses and secretes most complement components, which participate in the detection of bloodborne pathogens and drive an inflammatory reaction to safely remove the microbial or antigenic threat. However, perturbations in normal complement function can cause severe disease and, for reasons that are currently not fully understood, the kidney is particularly vulnerable to dysregulated complement activity. Novel insights into complement biology have identified cell-autonomous and intracellularly active complement - the complosome - as an unexpected central orchestrator of normal cell physiology. For example, the complosome controls mitochondrial activity, glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, cell survival and gene regulation in innate and adaptive immune cells, and in non-immune cells, such as fibroblasts and endothelial and epithelial cells. These unanticipated complosome contributions to basic cell physiological pathways make it a novel and central player in the control of cell homeostasis and effector responses. This discovery, together with the realization that an increasing number of human diseases involve complement perturbations, has renewed interest in the complement system and its therapeutic targeting. Here, we summarize the current knowledge about the complosome across healthy cells and tissues, highlight contributions from dysregulated complosome activities to human disease and discuss potential therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin E West
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Complement and Inflammation Research Section (CIRS), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Claudia Kemper
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Complement and Inflammation Research Section (CIRS), Bethesda, MD, USA.
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4
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Xiao F, Guo J, Tomlinson S, Yuan G, He S. The role of the complosome in health and disease. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1146167. [PMID: 36969185 PMCID: PMC10036758 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1146167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The complement system is one of the immune system's oldest defense mechanisms and is historically regarded as a liver-derived and serum-active innate immune system that 'complements' cell-mediated and antibody-mediated immune responses against pathogens. However, the complement system is now recognized as a central component of both innate and adaptive immunity at both the systemic and local tissue levels. More findings have uncovered novel activities of an intracellularly active complement system-the complosome-that have shifted established functional paradigms in the field. The complosome has been shown to play a critical function in regulating T cell responses, cell physiology (such as metabolism), inflammatory disease processes, and cancer, which has amply proved its immense research potential and informed us that there is still much to learn about this system. Here, we summarize current understanding and discuss the emerging roles of the complosome in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Xiao
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jixu Guo
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Stephen Tomlinson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Guandou Yuan
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Immunology and Metabolism for Liver Diseases, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Songqing He
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Immunology and Metabolism for Liver Diseases, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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5
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King BC, Blom AM. Intracellular complement: Evidence, definitions, controversies, and solutions. Immunol Rev 2023; 313:104-119. [PMID: 36100972 PMCID: PMC10086947 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The term "intracellular complement" has been introduced recently as an umbrella term to distinguish functions of complement proteins that take place intracellularly, rather than in the extracellular environment. However, this rather undefined term leaves some confusion as to the classification of what intracellular complement really is, and as to which intracellular compartment(s) it should refer to. In this review, we will describe the evidence for both canonical and non-canonical functions of intracellular complement proteins, as well as the current controversies and unanswered questions as to the nature of the intracellular complement. We also suggest new terms to facilitate the accurate description and discussion of specific forms of intracellular complement and call for future experiments that will be required to provide more definitive evidence and a better understanding of the mechanisms of intracellular complement activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben C King
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Anna M Blom
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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6
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Gibson BG, Cox TE, Marchbank KJ. Contribution of animal models to the mechanistic understanding of Alternative Pathway and Amplification Loop (AP/AL)-driven Complement-mediated Diseases. Immunol Rev 2023; 313:194-216. [PMID: 36203396 PMCID: PMC10092198 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
This review aimed to capture the key findings that animal models have provided around the role of the alternative pathway and amplification loop (AP/AL) in disease. Animal models, particularly mouse models, have been incredibly useful to define the role of complement and the alternative pathway in health and disease; for instance, the use of cobra venom factor and depletion of C3 provided the initial insight that complement was essential to generate an appropriate adaptive immune response. The development of knockout mice have further underlined the importance of the AP/AL in disease, with the FH knockout mouse paving the way for the first anti-complement drugs. The impact from the development of FB, properdin, and C3 knockout mice closely follows this in terms of mechanistic understanding in disease. Indeed, our current understanding that complement plays a role in most conditions at one level or another is rooted in many of these in vivo studies. That C3, in particular, has roles beyond the obvious in innate and adaptive immunity, normal physiology, and cellular functions, with or without other recognized AP components, we would argue, only extends the reach of this arm of the complement system. Humanized mouse models also continue to play their part. Here, we argue that the animal models developed over the last few decades have truly helped define the role of the AP/AL in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth G. Gibson
- Complement Therapeutics Research Group and Newcastle University Translational and Clinical Research InstituteFaculty of Medical ScienceNewcastle‐upon‐TyneUK
- National Renal Complement Therapeutics CentreaHUS ServiceNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Thomas E. Cox
- Complement Therapeutics Research Group and Newcastle University Translational and Clinical Research InstituteFaculty of Medical ScienceNewcastle‐upon‐TyneUK
- National Renal Complement Therapeutics CentreaHUS ServiceNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Kevin J. Marchbank
- Complement Therapeutics Research Group and Newcastle University Translational and Clinical Research InstituteFaculty of Medical ScienceNewcastle‐upon‐TyneUK
- National Renal Complement Therapeutics CentreaHUS ServiceNewcastle upon TyneUK
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7
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Corcoran JA, Napier BA. C3aR plays both sides in regulating resistance to bacterial infections. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010657. [PMID: 35925892 PMCID: PMC9352106 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of the complement pathway results in the production of bioactive C3a, a product of C3 cleavage, which interacts with membrane-bound receptor C3aR to regulate innate immune cell function and outcome of bacterial infection. Specifically, previous research has identified mechanistically distinct and cell type–specific roles for C3aR in regulating innate immune cell inflammatory state, antimicrobial killing capacity, and metabolism. Historically, the production of C3a has been relegated to the serum; however, recent studies have provided evidence that various cell types can produce intracellular C3a that stimulates intracellular C3aR. In light of these new results, it is imperative that we revisit previous studies regarding the role of C3aR in controlling bacterial infections and analyze these results in the context of both extracellular and intracellular C3a production and C3aR activation. Thus, this review will cover specific roles of C3aR in driving cell type–specific and tissue specific responses during bacterial infections and emphasize the contribution of the C3a–C3aR axis in regulating host resistance to bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse A. Corcoran
- Department of Biology and Center for Life in Extreme Environments, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Brooke A. Napier
- Department of Biology and Center for Life in Extreme Environments, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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8
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Kolev M, Das M, Gerber M, Baver S, Deschatelets P, Markiewski MM. Inside-Out of Complement in Cancer. Front Immunol 2022; 13:931273. [PMID: 35860237 PMCID: PMC9291441 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.931273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of complement in cancer has received increasing attention over the last decade. Recent studies provide compelling evidence that complement accelerates cancer progression. Despite the pivotal role of complement in fighting microbes, complement seems to suppress antitumor immunity via regulation of host cell in the tumor microenvironment. Although most studies link complement in cancer to complement activation in the extracellular space, the discovery of intracellular activation of complement, raises the question: what is the relevance of this process for malignancy? Intracellular activation is pivotal for the survival of immune cells. Therefore, complement can be important for tumor cell survival and growth regardless of the role in immunosuppression. On the other hand, because intracellular complement (the complosome) is indispensable for activation of T cells, these functions will be essential for priming antitumor T cell responses. Here, we review functions of complement in cancer with the consideration of extra and intracellular pathways of complement activation and spatial distribution of complement proteins in tumors and periphery and provide our take on potential significance of complement as biomarker and target for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Kolev
- Discovery, Apellis Pharmaceuticals, Waltham, MA, United States
- *Correspondence: Martin Kolev, ; Maciej M. Markiewski,
| | - Madhumita Das
- Discovery, Apellis Pharmaceuticals, Waltham, MA, United States
| | - Monica Gerber
- Legal Department, Apellis Pharmaceuticals, Waltham, MA, United States
| | - Scott Baver
- Medical Affairs, Apellis Pharmaceuticals, Waltham, MA, United States
| | | | - Maciej M. Markiewski
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, TX, United States
- *Correspondence: Martin Kolev, ; Maciej M. Markiewski,
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9
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Intertwined pathways of complement activation command the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis. Transl Res 2022; 245:18-29. [PMID: 35296451 PMCID: PMC9167748 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2022.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The complement system is involved in the origin of autoimmunity and systemic lupus erythematosus. Both genetic deficiency of complement components and excessive activation are involved in primary and secondary renal diseases, including lupus nephritis. Among the pathways, the classical pathway has long been accepted as the main pathway of complement activation in systemic lupus erythematosus. However, more recent studies have shown the contribution of factors B and D which implies the involvement of the alternative pathway. While there is evidence on the role of the lectin pathway in systemic lupus erythematosus, it is yet to be demonstrated whether this pathway is protective or harmful in lupus nephritis. Complement is being explored for the development of disease biomarkers and therapeutic targeting. In the current review we discuss the involvement of complement in lupus nephritis.
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10
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Zauhar R, Biber J, Jabri Y, Kim M, Hu J, Kaplan L, Pfaller AM, Schäfer N, Enzmann V, Schlötzer-Schrehardt U, Straub T, Hauck SM, Gamlin PD, McFerrin MB, Messinger J, Strang CE, Curcio CA, Dana N, Pauly D, Grosche A, Li M, Stambolian D. As in Real Estate, Location Matters: Cellular Expression of Complement Varies Between Macular and Peripheral Regions of the Retina and Supporting Tissues. Front Immunol 2022; 13:895519. [PMID: 35784369 PMCID: PMC9240314 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.895519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The cellular events that dictate the initiation of the complement pathway in ocular degeneration, such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD), is poorly understood. Using gene expression analysis (single cell and bulk), mass spectrometry, and immunohistochemistry, we dissected the role of multiple retinal and choroidal cell types in determining the complement homeostasis. Our scRNA-seq data show that the cellular response to early AMD is more robust in the choroid, particularly in fibroblasts, pericytes and endothelial cells. In late AMD, complement changes were more prominent in the retina especially with the expression of the classical pathway initiators. Notably, we found a spatial preference for these differences. Overall, this study provides insights into the heterogeneity of cellular responses for complement expression and the cooperation of neighboring cells to complete the pathway in healthy and AMD eyes. Further, our findings provide new cellular targets for therapies directed at complement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randy Zauhar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of the Sciences in Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Josef Biber
- Department of Physiological Genomics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Yassin Jabri
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Mijin Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jian Hu
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Lew Kaplan
- Department of Physiological Genomics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Anna M. Pfaller
- Department of Physiological Genomics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Nicole Schäfer
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Experimental Orthopaedics, Centre for Medical Biotechnology (ZMB), University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Volker Enzmann
- Department of Ophthalmology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Tobias Straub
- Bioinformatics Unit, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Stefanie M. Hauck
- Metabolomics and Proteomics Core and Research Unit Protein Science, Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Paul D. Gamlin
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Michael B. McFerrin
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Jeffrey Messinger
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Christianne E. Strang
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Christine A. Curcio
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Nicholas Dana
- Department of Ophthalmology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Diana Pauly
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Experimental Ophthalmology, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Antje Grosche
- Department of Physiological Genomics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Mingyao Li
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Dwight Stambolian
- Department of Ophthalmology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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11
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Dutta K, Friscic J, Hoffmann MH. Targeting the tissue-complosome for curbing inflammatory disease. Semin Immunol 2022; 60:101644. [PMID: 35902311 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2022.101644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Hyperactivated local tissue is a cardinal feature of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases of various organs such as the joints, the gut, the skin, or the lungs. Tissue-resident structural and stromal cells, which get primed during repeated or long-lasting bouts of inflammation form the basis of this sensitization of the tissue. During priming, cells change their metabolism to make them fit for the heightened energy demands that occur during persistent inflammation. Epigenetic changes and, curiously, an activation of intracellularly expressed parts of the complement system drive this metabolic invigoration and enable tissue-resident cells and infiltrating immune cells to employ an arsenal of inflammatory functions, including activation of inflammasomes. Here we provide a current overview on complement activation and inflammatory transformation in tissue-occupying cells, focusing on fibroblasts during arthritis, and illustrate ways how therapeutics directed at complement C3 could potentially target the complosome to unprime cells in the tissue and induce long-lasting abatement of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuheli Dutta
- Department of Dermatology, Allergology, and Venereology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jasna Friscic
- Department of Dermatology, Allergology, and Venereology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Markus H Hoffmann
- Department of Dermatology, Allergology, and Venereology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
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12
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Cooze BJ, Dickerson M, Loganathan R, Watkins LM, Grounds E, Pearson BR, Bevan RJ, Morgan BP, Magliozzi R, Reynolds R, Neal JW, Howell OW. The association between neurodegeneration and local complement activation in the thalamus to progressive multiple sclerosis outcome. Brain Pathol 2022; 32:e13054. [PMID: 35132719 PMCID: PMC9425007 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.13054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The extent of grey matter demyelination and neurodegeneration in the progressive multiple sclerosis (PMS) brains at post‐mortem associates with more severe disease. Regional tissue atrophy, especially affecting the cortical and deep grey matter, including the thalamus, is prognostic for poor outcomes. Microglial and complement activation are important in the pathogenesis and contribute to damaging processes that underlie tissue atrophy in PMS. We investigated the extent of pathology and innate immune activation in the thalamus in comparison to cortical grey and white matter in blocks from 21 cases of PMS and 10 matched controls. Using a digital pathology workflow, we show that the thalamus is invariably affected by demyelination and had a far higher proportion of active inflammatory lesions than forebrain cortical tissue blocks from the same cases. Lesions were larger and more frequent in the medial nuclei near the ventricular margin, whilst neuronal loss was greatest in the lateral thalamic nuclei. The extent of thalamic neuron loss was not associated with thalamic demyelination but correlated with the burden of white matter pathology in other forebrain areas (Spearman r = 0.79, p < 0.0001). Only thalamic neuronal loss, and not that seen in other forebrain cortical areas, correlated with disease duration (Spearman r = −0.58, p = 0.009) and age of death (Spearman r = −0.47, p = 0.045). Immunoreactivity for the complement pattern recognition molecule C1q, and products of complement activation (C4d, Bb and C3b) were elevated in thalamic lesions with an active inflammatory pathology. Complement regulatory protein, C1 inhibitor, was unchanged in expression. We conclude that active inflammatory demyelination, neuronal loss and local complement synthesis and activation in the thalamus, are important to the pathological and clinical disease outcomes of PMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J Cooze
- Faculty of Medical, Health and Life Sciences, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Matthew Dickerson
- Faculty of Medical, Health and Life Sciences, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | | | - Lewis M Watkins
- Faculty of Medical, Health and Life Sciences, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Ethan Grounds
- Faculty of Medical, Health and Life Sciences, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Ben R Pearson
- Faculty of Medical, Health and Life Sciences, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Ryan Jack Bevan
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - B Paul Morgan
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Roberta Magliozzi
- Department of Neurological and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy
| | | | - James W Neal
- Faculty of Medical, Health and Life Sciences, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Owain W Howell
- Faculty of Medical, Health and Life Sciences, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
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13
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Wang Y, Guo W, Xie S, Liu Y, Xu D, Chen G, Xu Y. Multi-omics analysis of brain tissue metabolome and proteome reveals the protective effect of gross saponins of Tribulus terrestris L. fruit against ischemic stroke in rat. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 278:114280. [PMID: 34082014 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Gross Saponins of Tribulus terrestris L. Fruit (GSTTF) has been reported to have a protective effect against ischemic stroke, but the related mechanism is complex and still not fully investigated. AIM OF THE STUDY The combination of metabolomics and proteomics approach was applied to reveal the mechanisms of GSTTF in treating ischemic stroke. MATERIALS AND METHODS The metabolite and protein changes in brain tissue were analyzed by the LC-MS-based untargeted metabolomics method and tandem mass tags (TMT)-based quantitative proteomics technology. The multivariate statistical analysis and protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis were conducted to screen out the biomarkers, and their related pathway was further investigated by the joint pathway analysis. RESULTS A total of 110 metabolites and 359 differential proteins, which were mainly associated with complement and coagulation cascades, sphingolipid metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, glutathione metabolism, and platelet activation, etc. were screened out from the rat brain tissue. The PPI network exhibited that the protein F2, Fga, Fgb, Fgg, Plg, and C3, which are greatly involved in the complement and coagulation cascades, have a relatively high connectivity degree, indicating their importance in the process of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). The GSTTF exerted a protective effect against MCAO via modulating multiple proteins on this pathway. Moreover, F2 played a key role during the protective process and worth to be further investigated due to it has been reported as one of the therapeutic targets of ischemic stroke. CONCLUSION The present study could improve the understanding of the potential therapeutic mechanism of GSTTF against ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China.
| | - Wenjun Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China; Key Laboratory of Medicinal Materials, Jilin Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Shengxu Xie
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Materials, Jilin Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Materials, Jilin Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Dandan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Materials, Jilin Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Geng Chen
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
| | - Yajuan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Materials, Jilin Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Changchun, 130021, China.
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14
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Wang F, Dai Y, Huang M, Zhang C, Huang L, Wang H, Ye L, Wu Q, Zhang X, Zhu Q. Glomerular Damage in Trichloroethylene-Sensitized Mice: Targeting Cathepsin L-Induced Hyperactive mTOR Signaling. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:639878. [PMID: 34393767 PMCID: PMC8358928 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.639878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Trichloroethylene (TCE) is a serious health hazard for workers with daily exposure, causing occupational medicamentosa-like dermatitis due to TCE (OMDT) and glomerular damage. Recent studies suggest that mTORC1 signaling is activated in various glomerular disorders; however, the role of mTORC1 signaling in TCE-induced glomerular damage remains to be explored. In the present study, 6 OMDT patients were enrolled and a TCE-sensitized mouse model was established to investigate molecular mechanisms underlying the glomerular damage associated with OMDT. Glomerular damage was assessed by levels of urine nephrin, H&E staining, and renal function test. Ultrastructural change of podocyte was investigated by transmission electron microscopy. The podocyte-related molecules including nephrin, α-actinin-4, and integrin β1 were visualized by immunofluorescence. The activation of mTORC1 signaling was confirmed by Western blot. Glomerular apoptosis was examined by the TUNEL test and Western blotting. Expression and location of cathepsin L (CTSL) were assessed by RT-PCR and immunofluorescence. Our results showed that TCE sensitization caused damage to glomerular structural integrity and also increased the activation of mTORC1 signaling, which was accompanied by podocyte loss, hypertrophy, and glomerular apoptosis. Importantly, we also found that over-expressed CTSL was mainly located in podocyte and CTSL inhibition could partially block the activation of mTORC1 signaling. Thus, our findings suggested a novel mechanism whereby hyperactive mTOR signaling contributes to TCE sensitization–induced and immune-mediated glomerular damage via CTSL activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yuying Dai
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Meng Huang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Chenchen Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Liping Huang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Liangping Ye
- Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Qifeng Wu
- Poison Control Center, Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuejun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Qixing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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15
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Jamaly S, Tsokos MG, Bhargava R, Brook OR, Hecht JL, Abdi R, Moulton VR, Satyam A, Tsokos GC. Complement activation and increased expression of Syk, mucin-1 and CaMK4 in kidneys of patients with COVID-19. Clin Immunol 2021; 229:108795. [PMID: 34252574 PMCID: PMC8270746 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2021.108795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Acute and chronic kidney failure is common in hospitalized patients with COVID-19, yet the mechanism of injury and predisposing factors remain poorly understood. We investigated the role of complement activation by determining the levels of deposited complement components (C1q, C3, FH, C5b-9) and immunoglobulin along with the expression levels of the injury-associated molecules spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk), mucin-1 (MUC1) and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV (CaMK4) in the kidney tissues of people who succumbed to COVID-19. We report increased deposition of C1q, C3, C5b-9, total immunoglobulin, and high expression levels of Syk, MUC1 and CaMK4 in the kidneys of COVID-19 patients. Our study provides strong rationale for the expansion of trials involving the use of inhibitors of these molecules, in particular C1q, C3, Syk, MUC1 and CaMK4 to treat patients with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simin Jamaly
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Science, UiT Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Maria G Tsokos
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Rhea Bhargava
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Olga R Brook
- Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jonathan L Hecht
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Reza Abdi
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Vaishali R Moulton
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Abhigyan Satyam
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
| | - George C Tsokos
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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16
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Lemaire M, Noone D, Lapeyraque AL, Licht C, Frémeaux-Bacchi V. Inherited Kidney Complement Diseases. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2021; 16:942-956. [PMID: 33536243 PMCID: PMC8216622 DOI: 10.2215/cjn.11830720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In the past 20 years, we have witnessed tremendous advances in our ability to diagnose and treat genetic diseases of the kidney caused by complement dysregulation. Staggering progress was realized toward a better understanding of the genetic underpinnings and pathophysiology of many forms of atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) and C3-dominant glomerulopathies that are driven by complement system abnormalities. Many of these seminal discoveries paved the way for the design and characterization of several innovative therapies, some of which have already radically improved patients' outcomes. This review offers a broad overview of the exciting developments that have occurred in the recent past, with a particular focus on single-gene (or Mendelian), complement-driven aHUS and C3-dominant glomerulopathies that should be of interest to both nephrologists and kidney researchers. The discussion is restricted to genes with robust associations with both aHUS and C3-dominant glomerulopathies (complement factor H, complement component 3, complement factor H-related proteins) or only aHUS (complement factor B, complement factor I, and membrane cofactor protein). Key questions and challenges are highlighted, along with potential avenues for future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Lemaire
- Division of Nephrology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Cell Biology Program, SickKids Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Damien Noone
- Division of Nephrology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anne-Laure Lapeyraque
- Division of Nephrology, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Christoph Licht
- Division of Nephrology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Cell Biology Program, SickKids Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Véronique Frémeaux-Bacchi
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Laboratory of Immunology, Paris, France
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17
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Wei Y, Chen T, Bosco DB, Xie M, Zheng J, Dheer A, Ying Y, Wu Q, Lennon VA, Wu LJ. The complement C3-C3aR pathway mediates microglia-astrocyte interaction following status epilepticus. Glia 2021; 69:1155-1169. [PMID: 33314324 PMCID: PMC7936954 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Gliosis is a histopathological characteristic of epilepsy that comprises activated microglia and astrocytes. It is unclear whether or how crosstalk occurs between microglia and astrocytes in the evolution of epilepsy. Here, we report in a mouse model of status epilepticus, induced by intracerebroventricular injection of kainic acid (KA), sequential activation of microglia and astrocytes and their close spatial interaction in the hippocampal CA3 region. Microglial ablation reduced astrocyte activation and their upregulation of complement C3. When compared to wild-type mice, both C3-/- and C3aR-/- mice had significantly less microglia-astrocyte interaction in response to KA-induced status epilepticus. Additionally, KA-injected C3-/- mice had significantly less histochemical evidence of neurodegeneration. The results suggest that the C3-C3aR pathway contributes to KA-induced neurodegeneration by mediating microglia-astrocyte communication. The C3-C3aR pathway may prove to be a potential therapeutic target for epilepsy treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Wei
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Tingjun Chen
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Dale B. Bosco
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Manling Xie
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Jiaying Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Aastha Dheer
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Yanlu Ying
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Qian Wu
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Vanda A. Lennon
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Long-Jun Wu
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
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18
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Satyam A, Tsokos MG, Brook OR, Hecht JL, Moulton VR, Tsokos GC. Activation of classical and alternative complement pathways in the pathogenesis of lung injury in COVID-19. Clin Immunol 2021; 226:108716. [PMID: 33774179 PMCID: PMC7989127 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2021.108716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Lung inflammation and damage is prominent in people infected with SARS-Cov-2 and a major determinant of morbidity and mortality. We report the deposition of complement components in the lungs of people who succumbed to COVID-19 consistent with the activation of the classical and the alternative pathways. Our study provides strong rationale for the expansion of trials involving the use of complement inhibitors to treat patients with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhigyan Satyam
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
| | - Maria G Tsokos
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Olga R Brook
- Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jonathan L Hecht
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Vaishali R Moulton
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - George C Tsokos
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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19
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Ziabska K, Ziemka-Nalecz M, Pawelec P, Sypecka J, Zalewska T. Aberrant Complement System Activation in Neurological Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4675. [PMID: 33925147 PMCID: PMC8125564 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The complement system is an assembly of proteins that collectively participate in the functions of the healthy and diseased brain. The complement system plays an important role in the maintenance of uninjured (healthy) brain homeostasis, contributing to the clearance of invading pathogens and apoptotic cells, and limiting the inflammatory immune response. However, overactivation or underregulation of the entire complement cascade within the brain may lead to neuronal damage and disturbances in brain function. During the last decade, there has been a growing interest in the role that this cascading pathway plays in the neuropathology of a diverse array of brain disorders (e.g., acute neurotraumatic insult, chronic neurodegenerative diseases, and psychiatric disturbances) in which interruption of neuronal homeostasis triggers complement activation. Dysfunction of the complement promotes a disease-specific response that may have either beneficial or detrimental effects. Despite recent advances, the explicit link between complement component regulation and brain disorders remains unclear. Therefore, a comprehensible understanding of such relationships at different stages of diseases could provide new insight into potential therapeutic targets to ameliorate or slow progression of currently intractable disorders in the nervous system. Hence, the aim of this review is to provide a summary of the literature on the emerging role of the complement system in certain brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Teresa Zalewska
- Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, NeuroRepair Department, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawinskiego Street, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (K.Z.); (M.Z.-N.); (P.P.); (J.S.)
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20
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Wu M, Rowe JM, Fleming SD. Complement Initiation Varies by Sex in Intestinal Ischemia Reperfusion Injury. Front Immunol 2021; 12:649882. [PMID: 33868287 PMCID: PMC8047102 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.649882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal ischemia reperfusion (IR)-induced tissue injury represents an acute inflammatory response with significant morbidity and mortality. The mechanism of IR-induced injury is not fully elucidated, but recent studies suggest a critical role for complement activation and for differences between sexes. To test the hypothesis that complement initiation differs by sex in intestinal IR, we performed intestinal IR on male and female WT C57B6L/, C1q-/-, MBL-/-, or properdin (P)-/- mice. Intestinal injury, C3b and C5a production and ex vivo secretions were analyzed. Initial studies demonstrated a difference in complement mRNA and protein in male and female WT mice. In response to IR, male C1q-, MBL- and P-deficient mice sustained less injury than male WT mice. In contrast, only female MBL-/- mice sustained significantly less injury than female wildtype mice. Importantly, wildtype, C1q-/- and P-/- female mice sustained significant less injury than the corresponding male mice. In addition, both C1q and MBL expression and deposition increased in WT male mice, while only elevated MBL expression and deposition occurred in WT female mice. These data suggested that males use both C1q and MBL pathways, while females tend to depend on lectin pathway during intestinal IR. Females produced significantly less serum C5a in MBL-/- and P-/- mice. Our findings suggested that complement activation plays a critical role in intestinal IR in a sex-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Wu
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Jennifer M. Rowe
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Sherry D. Fleming
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
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21
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Chen T, Lennon VA, Liu YU, Bosco DB, Li Y, Yi MH, Zhu J, Wei S, Wu LJ. Astrocyte-microglia interaction drives evolving neuromyelitis optica lesion. J Clin Invest 2021; 130:4025-4038. [PMID: 32568214 DOI: 10.1172/jci134816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is a severe inflammatory autoimmune CNS disorder triggered by binding of an IgG autoantibody to the aquaporin 4 (AQP4) water channel on astrocytes. Activation of cytolytic complement has been implicated as the major effector of tissue destruction that secondarily involves myelin. We investigated early precytolytic events in the evolving pathophysiology of NMO in mice by continuously infusing IgG (NMO patient serum-derived or AQP4-specific mouse monoclonal), without exogenous complement, into the spinal subarachnoid space. Motor impairment and sublytic NMO-compatible immunopathology were IgG dose dependent, AQP4 dependent, and, unexpectedly, microglia dependent. In vivo spinal cord imaging revealed a striking physical interaction between microglia and astrocytes that required signaling from astrocytes by the C3a fragment of their upregulated complement C3 protein. Astrocytes remained viable but lost AQP4. Previously unappreciated crosstalk between astrocytes and microglia involving early-activated CNS-intrinsic complement components and microglial C3a receptor signaling appears to be a critical driver of the precytolytic phase in the evolving NMO lesion, including initial motor impairment. Our results indicate that microglia merit consideration as a potential target for NMO therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vanda A Lennon
- Department of Neurology.,Department of Immunology, and.,Department of Laboratory Medicine/Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Shihui Wei
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Long-Jun Wu
- Department of Neurology.,Department of Immunology, and.,Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
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22
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Yang P, Zhu Z, Zang Y, Bu X, Xu T, Zhong C, Wang A, Peng H, Guo D, Zheng X, Xu T, Chen J, Zhang Y, He J. Increased Serum Complement C3 Levels Are Associated With Adverse Clinical Outcomes After Ischemic Stroke. Stroke 2021; 52:868-877. [PMID: 33517703 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.120.031715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Complement C3 has been implicated in inflammation and ischemia/reperfusion injury, but its impact on the prognosis of ischemic stroke remains unclear. Aim of this study was to prospectively investigate the association between serum complement C3 and adverse clinical outcomes after ischemic stroke. METHODS We measured serum complement C3 levels for 3474 patients with ischemic stroke in 26 participating hospitals and collected data of clinical outcomes at 3 months after ischemic stroke. The primary outcome was composite outcome of death and major disability (modified Rankin Scale score ≥3) at 3 months after stroke onset and secondary outcomes included major disability, death, and vascular events. RESULTS During 3 months of follow-up, 866 participants (25.4%) developed primary outcome. After multivariate adjustment, elevated serum complement C3 levels were associated with increased risk of primary outcome (odds ratio, 1.30 [95% CI, 1.02-1.65]; Ptrend=0.038) when 2 extreme tertiles were compared. Each SD increase of log-transformed complement C3 was associated with 13% (95% CI, 2%-25%) increased risk of primary outcome. Multivariable-adjusted spline regression model showed a linear relationship between serum complement C3 and the risk of primary outcome (Plinearity=0.022). Addition of serum complement C3 to conventional risk factors significantly improved the risk prediction of primary outcome (net reclassification index: 8.87%, P=0.028; integrated discrimination index: 0.19%, P=0.029). CONCLUSIONS High serum complement C3 levels at baseline were associated with increased risks of adverse clinical outcomes at 3 months after ischemic stroke, suggesting that serum complement C3 may be a valuable prognostic biomarker for ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinni Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China (P.Y., Z.Z., Y. Zang, X.B., T.X., C.Z., A.W., H.P., D.G., X.Z., T.X., Y. Zhang, X.Z.)
| | - Zhengbao Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China (P.Y., Z.Z., Y. Zang, X.B., T.X., C.Z., A.W., H.P., D.G., X.Z., T.X., Y. Zhang, X.Z.)
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA (Z.Z., D.G., J.C., J.H.)
| | - Yuhan Zang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China (P.Y., Z.Z., Y. Zang, X.B., T.X., C.Z., A.W., H.P., D.G., X.Z., T.X., Y. Zhang, X.Z.)
| | - Xiaoqing Bu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China (P.Y., Z.Z., Y. Zang, X.B., T.X., C.Z., A.W., H.P., D.G., X.Z., T.X., Y. Zhang, X.Z.)
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public health, Chongqing Medical University, China (X.B.)
| | - Tian Xu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China (P.Y., Z.Z., Y. Zang, X.B., T.X., C.Z., A.W., H.P., D.G., X.Z., T.X., Y. Zhang, X.Z.)
| | - Chongke Zhong
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China (P.Y., Z.Z., Y. Zang, X.B., T.X., C.Z., A.W., H.P., D.G., X.Z., T.X., Y. Zhang, X.Z.)
| | - Aili Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China (P.Y., Z.Z., Y. Zang, X.B., T.X., C.Z., A.W., H.P., D.G., X.Z., T.X., Y. Zhang, X.Z.)
| | - Hao Peng
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China (P.Y., Z.Z., Y. Zang, X.B., T.X., C.Z., A.W., H.P., D.G., X.Z., T.X., Y. Zhang, X.Z.)
| | - Daoxia Guo
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China (P.Y., Z.Z., Y. Zang, X.B., T.X., C.Z., A.W., H.P., D.G., X.Z., T.X., Y. Zhang, X.Z.)
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA (Z.Z., D.G., J.C., J.H.)
| | - Xiaowei Zheng
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China (P.Y., Z.Z., Y. Zang, X.B., T.X., C.Z., A.W., H.P., D.G., X.Z., T.X., Y. Zhang, X.Z.)
| | - Tan Xu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China (P.Y., Z.Z., Y. Zang, X.B., T.X., C.Z., A.W., H.P., D.G., X.Z., T.X., Y. Zhang, X.Z.)
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, China (T.X.)
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA (Z.Z., D.G., J.C., J.H.)
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA (J.C., J.H.)
| | - Yonghong Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China (P.Y., Z.Z., Y. Zang, X.B., T.X., C.Z., A.W., H.P., D.G., X.Z., T.X., Y. Zhang, X.Z.)
| | - Jiang He
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China (P.Y., Z.Z., Y. Zang, X.B., T.X., C.Z., A.W., H.P., D.G., X.Z., T.X., Y. Zhang, X.Z.)
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Shiga Toxin 2a Binds to Complement Components C3b and C5 and Upregulates Their Gene Expression in Human Cell Lines. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 13:toxins13010008. [PMID: 33374102 PMCID: PMC7824702 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) infections can cause EHEC-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome (eHUS) via its main virulent factor, Shiga toxins (Stxs). Complement has been reported to be involved in the progression of eHUS. The aim of this study was to investigate the interactions of the most effective subtype of the toxin, Stx2a, with pivotal complement proteins C3b and C5. The study further examined the effect of Stx2a stimulation on the transcription and synthesis of these complement proteins in human target cell lines. Binding of Stx2a to C3b and C5 was evaluated by ELISA. Kidney and gut cell lines (HK-2 and HCT-8) were stimulated with varied concentrations of Stx2a. Subsequent evaluation of complement gene transcription was studied by real-time PCR (qPCR), and ELISAs and Western blots were performed to examine protein synthesis of C3 and C5 in supernatants and lysates of stimulated HK-2 cells. Stx2a showed a specific binding to C3b and C5. Gene transcription of C3 and C5 was upregulated with increasing concentrations of Stx2a in both cell lines, but protein synthesis was not. This study demonstrates the binding of Stx2a to complement proteins C3b and C5, which could potentially be involved in regulating complement during eHUS infection, supporting further investigations into elucidating the role of complement in eHUS pathogenesis.
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24
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Cañas CA, Castaño-Valencia S, Castro-Herrera F, Cañas F, Tobón GJ. Biomedical applications of snake venom: from basic science to autoimmunity and rheumatology. J Transl Autoimmun 2020; 4:100076. [PMID: 33385156 PMCID: PMC7772571 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtauto.2020.100076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Snake venoms have components with diverse biological actions that are extensively studied to identify elements that may be useful in biomedical sciences. In the field of autoimmunity and rheumatology, various findings useful for the study of diseases and potential drug development have been reported. The study of disintegrins, proteins that block the action of integrins, has been useful for the development of antiplatelet agents and principles for the development of immunosuppressants and antineoplastics. Several proteins in snake venoms act on the coagulation cascade, activating factors that have allowed the development of tests for the study of coagulation, including Russell's viper venom time, which is useful in the diagnosis of antiphospholipid syndrome. Neurotoxins with either pre- or postsynaptic effects have been used to study neurogenic synapses and neuromuscular plaques and the development of analgesics, muscle relaxants and drugs for neurodegenerative diseases. Various components act by inhibiting cells and proteins of the immune system, which will allow the development of anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive drugs. This review summarizes the usefulness of the components of snake venoms in the fields of autoimmunity and rheumatology, which can serve as a basis for diverse translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Cañas
- GIRAT: Grupo de Investigación en Reumatología, Autoimunidad y Medicina Traslacional, Fundación Valle Del Lili and Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia.,Fundación Valle Del Lili, Rheumatology Unit, Cra 98 No. 18 - 49, Cali, 760032, Colombia
| | - Santiago Castaño-Valencia
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Department of Health Sciences, Universidad Del Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | - Fernando Castro-Herrera
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Department of Health Sciences, Universidad Del Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | - Felipe Cañas
- Department of Cardiology, Clínica Medellín, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Gabriel J Tobón
- GIRAT: Grupo de Investigación en Reumatología, Autoimunidad y Medicina Traslacional, Fundación Valle Del Lili and Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia.,Fundación Valle Del Lili, Rheumatology Unit, Cra 98 No. 18 - 49, Cali, 760032, Colombia
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25
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Cell-Type-Specific Complement Profiling in the ABCA4 -/- Mouse Model of Stargardt Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228468. [PMID: 33187113 PMCID: PMC7697683 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stargardt macular degeneration is an inherited retinal disease caused by mutations in the ATP-binding cassette subfamily A member 4 (ABCA4) gene. Here, we characterized the complement expression profile in ABCA4−/− retinae and aligned these findings with morphological markers of retinal degeneration. We found an enhanced retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) autofluorescence, cell loss in the inner retina of ABCA4−/− mice and demonstrated age-related differences in complement expression in various retinal cell types irrespective of the genotype. However, 24-week-old ABCA4−/− mice expressed more c3 in the RPE and fewer cfi transcripts in the microglia compared to controls. At the protein level, the decrease of complement inhibitors (complement factor I, CFI) in retinae, as well as an increased C3b/C3 ratio in the RPE/choroid and retinae of ABCA4−/−, mice was confirmed. We showed a corresponding increase of the C3d/C3 ratio in the serum of ABCA4−/− mice, while no changes were observed for CFI. Our findings suggest an overactive complement cascade in the ABCA4−/− retinae that possibly contributes to pathological alterations, including microglial activation and neurodegeneration. Overall, this underpins the importance of well-balanced complement homeostasis to maintain retinal integrity.
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26
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Satyam A, Tsokos GC. Curb complement to cure COVID-19. Clin Immunol 2020; 221:108603. [PMID: 33022386 PMCID: PMC7832239 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2020.108603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Abhigyan Satyam
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
| | - George C Tsokos
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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27
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Laskowski J, Renner B, Pickering MC, Serkova NJ, Smith-Jones PM, Clambey ET, Nemenoff RA, Thurman JM. Complement factor H-deficient mice develop spontaneous hepatic tumors. J Clin Invest 2020; 130:4039-4054. [PMID: 32369457 PMCID: PMC7410061 DOI: 10.1172/jci135105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is difficult to detect, carries a poor prognosis, and is one of few cancers with an increasing yearly incidence. Molecular defects in complement factor H (CFH), a critical regulatory protein of the complement alternative pathway (AP), are typically associated with inflammatory diseases of the eye and kidney. Little is known regarding the role of CFH in controlling complement activation within the liver. While studying aging CFH-deficient (fH-/-) mice, we observed spontaneous hepatic tumor formation in more than 50% of aged fH-/- males. Examination of fH-/- livers (3-24 months) for evidence of complement-mediated inflammation revealed widespread deposition of complement-activation fragments throughout the sinusoids, elevated transaminase levels, increased hepatic CD8+ and F4/80+ cells, overexpression of hepatic mRNA associated with inflammatory signaling pathways, steatosis, and increased collagen deposition. Immunostaining of human HCC biopsies revealed extensive deposition of complement fragments within the tumors. Investigating the Cancer Genome Atlas also revealed that increased CFH mRNA expression is associated with improved survival in patients with HCC, whereas mutations are associated with worse survival. These results indicate that CFH is critical for controlling complement activation in the liver, and in its absence, AP activation leads to chronic inflammation and promotes hepatic carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Laskowski
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Brandon Renner
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Matthew C. Pickering
- Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Division of Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Medicine, Imperial College of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Natalie J. Serkova
- Department of Medicine, Radiology
- Department of Medicine, Radiation Oncology, and
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Peter M. Smith-Jones
- Department of Medicine, Radiology
- Department of Medicine, Radiation Oncology, and
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Eric T. Clambey
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Raphael A. Nemenoff
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Joshua M. Thurman
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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28
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Fortelny N, Bock C. Knowledge-primed neural networks enable biologically interpretable deep learning on single-cell sequencing data. Genome Biol 2020; 21:190. [PMID: 32746932 PMCID: PMC7397672 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-020-02100-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deep learning has emerged as a versatile approach for predicting complex biological phenomena. However, its utility for biological discovery has so far been limited, given that generic deep neural networks provide little insight into the biological mechanisms that underlie a successful prediction. Here we demonstrate deep learning on biological networks, where every node has a molecular equivalent, such as a protein or gene, and every edge has a mechanistic interpretation, such as a regulatory interaction along a signaling pathway. RESULTS With knowledge-primed neural networks (KPNNs), we exploit the ability of deep learning algorithms to assign meaningful weights in multi-layered networks, resulting in a widely applicable approach for interpretable deep learning. We present a learning method that enhances the interpretability of trained KPNNs by stabilizing node weights in the presence of redundancy, enhancing the quantitative interpretability of node weights, and controlling for uneven connectivity in biological networks. We validate KPNNs on simulated data with known ground truth and demonstrate their practical use and utility in five biological applications with single-cell RNA-seq data for cancer and immune cells. CONCLUSIONS We introduce KPNNs as a method that combines the predictive power of deep learning with the interpretability of biological networks. While demonstrated here on single-cell sequencing data, this method is broadly relevant to other research areas where prior domain knowledge can be represented as networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaus Fortelny
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Bock
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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29
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Girardi G, Lingo JJ, Fleming SD, Regal JF. Essential Role of Complement in Pregnancy: From Implantation to Parturition and Beyond. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1681. [PMID: 32849586 PMCID: PMC7411130 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The complement cascade was identified over 100 years ago, yet investigation of its role in pregnancy remains an area of intense research. Complement inhibitors at the maternal-fetal interface prevent inappropriate complement activation to protect the fetus. However, this versatile proteolytic cascade also favorably influences numerous stages of pregnancy, including implantation, fetal development, and labor. Inappropriate complement activation in pregnancy can have adverse lifelong sequelae for both mother and child. This review summarizes the current understanding of complement activation during all stages of pregnancy. In addition, consequences of complement dysregulation during adverse pregnancy outcomes from miscarriage, preeclampsia, and pre-term birth are examined. Finally, future research directions into complement activation during pregnancy are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermina Girardi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Member of QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Joshua J Lingo
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Sherry D Fleming
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Jean F Regal
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN, United States
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30
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Abstract
The complement system consists of more than 30 plasma as well as cell surface proteins that together constitute a major arm of the immune system. The long-held belief is that most of the complement components are synthesized by hepatocytes in the liver and then secreted into the blood. However, there is also substantial evidence that several if not all of the complement proteins are synthesized extrahepatically by a wide range of cell types, including polymorphonuclear leukocytes, monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, lymphocytes, epithelial cells, fibroblasts, and neuronal cells. However, despite the proven evidence that complement proteins indeed could be synthesized non-hepatic cells and even found in unexpected places, the recent finding that certain complement proteins could be activated in intracellular spaces nonetheless has opened up a new debate. In fact, some in the field unfortunately seem to be in favor of rejecting this notion rather vehemently on the untenable and myopic grounds that complement proteins could not be found in intracellular compartments despite evidence to the contrary. Therefore, this opinion article is meant to remind colleagues in the field that new discoveries with the potential to shift established functional paradigms should be encouraged and celebrated even if, at first glance, they seem to defy the odds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berhane Ghebrehiwet
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, 11794-0001, USA
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31
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Kulkarni HS, Elvington ML, Perng YC, Liszewski MK, Byers DE, Farkouh C, Yusen RD, Lenschow DJ, Brody SL, Atkinson JP. Intracellular C3 Protects Human Airway Epithelial Cells from Stress-associated Cell Death. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2019; 60:144-157. [PMID: 30156437 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2017-0405oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The complement system provides host defense against pathogens and environmental stress. C3, the central component of complement, is present in the blood and increases in BAL fluid after injury. We recently discovered that C3 is taken up by certain cell types and cleaved intracellularly to C3a and C3b. C3a is required for CD4+ T-cell survival. These observations made us question whether complement operates at environmental interfaces, particularly in the respiratory tract. We found that airway epithelial cells (AECs, represented by both primary human tracheobronchial cells and BEAS-2B [cell line]) cultured in C3-free media were unique from other cell types in that they contained large intracellular stores of de novo synthesized C3. A fraction of this protein reduced ("storage form") but the remainder did not, consistent with it being pro-C3 ("precursor form"). These two forms of intracellular C3 were absent in CRISPR knockout-induced C3-deficient AECs and decreased with the use of C3 siRNA, indicating endogenous generation. Proinflammatory cytokine exposure increased both stored and secreted forms of C3. Furthermore, AECs took up C3 from exogenous sources, which mitigated stress-associated cell death (e.g., from oxidative stress or starvation). C3 stores were notably increased within AECs in lung tissues from individuals with different end-stage lung diseases. Thus, at-risk cells furnish C3 through biosynthesis and/or uptake to increase locally available C3 during inflammation, while intracellularly, these stores protect against certain inducers of cell death. These results establish the relevance of intracellular C3 to airway epithelial biology and suggest novel pathways for complement-mediated host protection in the airway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hrishikesh S Kulkarni
- 1 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, and.,2 Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Michelle L Elvington
- 2 Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Yi-Chieh Perng
- 2 Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - M Kathryn Liszewski
- 2 Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Derek E Byers
- 1 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, and
| | - Christopher Farkouh
- 2 Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Roger D Yusen
- 1 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, and
| | - Deborah J Lenschow
- 2 Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | | | - John P Atkinson
- 2 Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
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32
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Roumenina LT, Daugan MV, Petitprez F, Sautès-Fridman C, Fridman WH. Context-dependent roles of complement in cancer. Nat Rev Cancer 2019; 19:698-715. [PMID: 31666715 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-019-0210-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The tumour microenvironment (TME) highly influences the growth and spread of tumours, thus impacting the patient's clinical outcome. In this context, the complement system plays a major and complex role. It may either act to kill antibody-coated tumour cells, support local chronic inflammation or hamper antitumour T cell responses favouring tumour progression. Recent studies demonstrate that these opposing effects are dependent upon the sites of complement activation, the composition of the TME and the tumour cell sensitivity to complement attack. In this Review, we present the evidence that has so far accrued showing a role for complement activation and its effects on cancer control and clinical outcome under different TME contexts. We also include a new analysis of the publicly available transcriptomic data to provide an overview of the prognostic value of complement gene expression in 30 cancer types. We argue that the interplay of complement components within each cancer type is unique, governed by the properties of the tumour cells and the TME. This concept is of critical importance for the design of efficient therapeutic strategies aimed at targeting complement components and their signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubka T Roumenina
- INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Universités, Université de Paris, Paris, France.
| | - Marie V Daugan
- INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Universités, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Florent Petitprez
- INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Universités, Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Programme Cartes d'Identité des Tumeurs, Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Sautès-Fridman
- INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Universités, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Wolf Herman Fridman
- INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Universités, Université de Paris, Paris, France.
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33
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Lee JD, Coulthard LG, Woodruff TM. Complement dysregulation in the central nervous system during development and disease. Semin Immunol 2019; 45:101340. [PMID: 31708347 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2019.101340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The complement cascade is an important arm of the immune system that plays a key role in protecting the central nervous system (CNS) from infection. Recently, it has also become clear that complement proteins have fundamental roles in the developing and aging CNS that are distinct from their roles in immunity. During neurodevelopment, complement signalling is involved in diverse processes including neural tube closure, neural progenitor proliferation and differentiation, neuronal migration, and synaptic pruning. In acute neurotrauma and ischamic brain injury, complement drives inflammation and neuronal death, but also neuroprotection and regeneration. In diseases of the aging CNS including dementias and motor neuron disease, chronic complement activation is associated with glial activation, and synapse and neuron loss. Proper regulation of complement is thus essential to allow for an appropriately developed CNS and prevention of excessive damage following neurotrauma or during neurodegeneration. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the evidence for functional roles of complement in brain formation, and its dysregulation during acute and chronic disease. We also provide working models for how complement can lead to neurodevelopmental disorders such as schizophrenia and autism, and either protect, or propagate neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Lee
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Liam G Coulthard
- Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Australia; School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Trent M Woodruff
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
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34
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Riihilä P, Nissinen L, Knuutila J, Rahmati Nezhad P, Viiklepp K, Kähäri VM. Complement System in Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20143550. [PMID: 31331124 PMCID: PMC6678994 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal keratinocyte-derived cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the most common metastatic skin cancer with high mortality rates in the advanced stage. Chronic inflammation is a recognized risk factor for cSCC progression and the complement system, as a part of innate immunity, belongs to the microenvironment of tumors. The complement system is a double-edged sword in cancer, since complement activation is involved in anti-tumor cytotoxicity and immune responses, but it also promotes cancer progression directly and indirectly. Recently, the role of several complement components and inhibitors in the regulation of progression of cSCC has been shown. In this review, we will discuss the role of complement system components and inhibitors as biomarkers and potential new targets for therapeutic intervention in cSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilvi Riihilä
- Department of Dermatology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Hämeentie 11 TE6, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
- The Western Cancer Centre of the Cancer Center Finland (FICAN West), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Liisa Nissinen
- Department of Dermatology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Hämeentie 11 TE6, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
- The Western Cancer Centre of the Cancer Center Finland (FICAN West), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Jaakko Knuutila
- Department of Dermatology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Hämeentie 11 TE6, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
- The Western Cancer Centre of the Cancer Center Finland (FICAN West), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Pegah Rahmati Nezhad
- Department of Dermatology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Hämeentie 11 TE6, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
- The Western Cancer Centre of the Cancer Center Finland (FICAN West), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Kristina Viiklepp
- Department of Dermatology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Hämeentie 11 TE6, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
- The Western Cancer Centre of the Cancer Center Finland (FICAN West), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Veli-Matti Kähäri
- Department of Dermatology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Hämeentie 11 TE6, FI-20520 Turku, Finland.
- The Western Cancer Centre of the Cancer Center Finland (FICAN West), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FI-20520 Turku, Finland.
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Satyam A, Graef ER, Lapchak PH, Tsokos MG, Dalle Lucca JJ, Tsokos GC. Complement and coagulation cascades in trauma. Acute Med Surg 2019; 6:329-335. [PMID: 31592318 PMCID: PMC6773636 DOI: 10.1002/ams2.426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Trauma remains a major cause of death throughout the world, especially for patients younger than 45 years. Due to rapid advances in clinical management, both in the acute and prehospital settings, trauma patients survive devastating injuries at unprecedented rates. However, these patients can often face life threatening complications that stem from the robust innate immune response induced by severe hemorrhage, leading to further tissue injury rather than repair. The complement and coagulation cascades are key mediators in this disordered reaction, which includes the development of trauma‐induced coagulopathy. There is increasing evidence that cross‐talk between these two pathways allows rapid amplification of their otherwise targeted responses and contributes to overwhelming and prolonged systemic inflammation. In this article, we summarize the initial steps of innate immune response to trauma and review the complex complement and coagulation cascades, as well as how they interact with each other. Despite progress in understanding these cascades, effective therapeutic targets have yet to be found and further research is needed both to improve survival rates as well as decrease associated morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhigyan Satyam
- Department of Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts
| | - Elizabeth R Graef
- Department of Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts
| | - Peter H Lapchak
- Department of Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts
| | - Maria G Tsokos
- Department of Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts
| | | | - George C Tsokos
- Department of Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts
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36
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Ma Y, Liu Y, Zhang Z, Yang GY. Significance of Complement System in Ischemic Stroke: A Comprehensive Review. Aging Dis 2019; 10:429-462. [PMID: 31011487 PMCID: PMC6457046 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2019.0119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The complement system is an essential part of innate immunity, typically conferring protection via eliminating pathogens and accumulating debris. However, the defensive function of the complement system can exacerbate immune, inflammatory, and degenerative responses in various pathological conditions. Cumulative evidence indicates that the complement system plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of ischemic brain injury, as the depletion of certain complement components or the inhibition of complement activation could reduce ischemic brain injury. Although multiple candidates modulating or inhibiting complement activation show massive potential for the treatment of ischemic stroke, the clinical availability of complement inhibitors remains limited. The complement system is also involved in neural plasticity and neurogenesis during cerebral ischemia. Thus, unexpected side effects could be induced if the systemic complement system is inhibited. In this review, we highlighted the recent concepts and discoveries of the roles of different kinds of complement components, such as C3a, C5a, and their receptors, in both normal brain physiology and the pathophysiology of brain ischemia. In addition, we comprehensively reviewed the current development of complement-targeted therapy for ischemic stroke and discussed the challenges of bringing these therapies into the clinic. The design of future experiments was also discussed to better characterize the role of complement in both tissue injury and recovery after cerebral ischemia. More studies are needed to elucidate the molecular and cellular mechanisms of how complement components exert their functions in different stages of ischemic stroke to optimize the intervention of targeting the complement system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Ma
- 1Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,2Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanqun Liu
- 3Department of Neurology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- 2Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guo-Yuan Yang
- 1Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,2Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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37
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van Griensven M, Ricklin D, Denk S, Halbgebauer R, Braun CK, Schultze A, Hönes F, Koutsogiannaki S, Primikyri A, Reis E, Messerer D, Hafner S, Radermacher P, Biglarnia AR, Resuello RR, Tuplano JV, Mayer B, Nilsson K, Nilsson B, Lambris JD, Huber-Lang M. Protective Effects of the Complement Inhibitor Compstatin CP40 in Hemorrhagic Shock. Shock 2019; 51:78-87. [PMID: 29461464 PMCID: PMC6092248 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Trauma-induced hemorrhagic shock (HS) plays a decisive role in the development of immune, coagulation, and organ dysfunction often resulting in a poor clinical outcome. Imbalanced complement activation is intricately associated with the molecular danger response and organ damage after HS. Thus, inhibition of the central complement component C3 as turnstile of both inflammation and coagulation is hypothesized as a rational strategy to improve the clinical course after HS.Applying intensive care conditions, anaesthetized, monitored, and protectively ventilated nonhuman primates (NHP; cynomolgus monkeys) received a pressure-controlled severe HS (60 min at mean arterial pressure 30 mmHg) with subsequent volume resuscitation. Thirty minutes after HS, animals were randomly treated with either an analog of the C3 inhibitor compstatin (i.e., Cp40) in saline (n = 4) or with saline alone (n = 4). The observation period lasted 300 min after induction of HS.We observed improved kidney function in compstatin Cp40-treated animals after HS as determined by improved urine output, reduced damage markers and a tendency of less histopathological signs of acute kidney injury. Sham-treated animals revealed classical signs of mucosal edema, especially in the ileum and colon reflected by worsened microscopic intestinal injury scores. In contrast, Cp40-treated HS animals exhibited only minor signs of organ edema and significantly less intestinal damage. Furthermore, early systemic inflammation and coagulation dysfunction were both ameliorated by Cp40.The data suggest that therapeutic inhibition of C3 is capable to significantly improve immune, coagulation, and organ function and to preserve organ-barrier integrity early after traumatic HS. C3-targeted complement inhibition may therefore reflect a promising therapeutic strategy in fighting fatal consequences of HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martijn van Griensven
- Experimental Trauma Surgery, Department of Trauma Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Ricklin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stephanie Denk
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Trauma-Immunology, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Rebecca Halbgebauer
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Trauma-Immunology, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Christian K. Braun
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Trauma-Immunology, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Anke Schultze
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Trauma-Immunology, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Felix Hönes
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Trauma-Immunology, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Sofia Koutsogiannaki
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Alexandra Primikyri
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Edimara Reis
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - David Messerer
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Trauma-Immunology, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Sebastian Hafner
- Institute for Anaesthesiological Pathophysiology and Process Development, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Peter Radermacher
- Institute for Anaesthesiological Pathophysiology and Process Development, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Ali-Reza Biglarnia
- Department of Transplantation, Malmö University Hospital, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Ranillo R.G. Resuello
- Simian Conservation Breeding and Research Center (SICONBREC), Makati City, Philippines
| | - Joel V. Tuplano
- Simian Conservation Breeding and Research Center (SICONBREC), Makati City, Philippines
| | - Benjamin Mayer
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Germany
| | - Kristina Nilsson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Bo Nilsson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - John D. Lambris
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Markus Huber-Lang
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Trauma-Immunology, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
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Ye J, Yuan K, Dai W, Sun K, Li G, Tan M, Song W, Yuan Y. The mTORC1 signaling modulated by intracellular C3 activation in Paneth cells promotes intestinal epithelial regeneration during acute injury. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 67:54-61. [PMID: 30530169 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Revised: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Complement activation is associated with regional inflammation during acute gastrointestinal injury (AGI). This study is designed to explore how intracellular C3 activation in Paneth cells (PCs) affects regeneration of intestinal epithelium during AGI. AGI was induced in wildtype C57BL/6 mice, with sham operation employed as control. Exogenous C3 (1 mg, I.P.) was applied at 6 h post-surgery. Intestinal crypts harvested from ileum were cultured with presence or absence of C3 (20 μg/ml), with small interfering RNA against BST1 and complement activation inhibitor selectively applied in vitro. The intestinal integrity, percentage of PCs and intestinal stem cells (ISCs) were evaluated. Importantly, cADPR, C3 fragments, and S6-related proteins were detected in PCs to inspect the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling. AGI caused breakdown of intestinal mucosa integrity and regional inflammation. Exogenous C3 by itself failed to promote the growth of intestinal epithelium, but distinctly enhanced the activity of PCs via intracellular activation, which subsequently supported the expansion of ISCs inside of intestinal crypts. Inhibition of C3 activation was associated with decreased expressions of S6, S6K1 and cADPR, with blocking BST1 found to depress cADPR only. Collectively, these data confirmed intracellular activation of C3 in PCs enhanced expansion of ISCs in response to acute injury. The mTORC1 signaling pathway in PCs contributed to this crosstalk during exogenous C3 treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinning Ye
- Center of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 58 2nd Zhongshan Road, Guangzhou 510080, PR China; Center of Gastric Cancer, Sun Yat-Sen University, 58 2nd Zhongshan Road, Guangzhou 510080, PR China.
| | - Kaitao Yuan
- Center of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 58 2nd Zhongshan Road, Guangzhou 510080, PR China; Center of Gastric Cancer, Sun Yat-Sen University, 58 2nd Zhongshan Road, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Weigang Dai
- Center of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 58 2nd Zhongshan Road, Guangzhou 510080, PR China; Center of Gastric Cancer, Sun Yat-Sen University, 58 2nd Zhongshan Road, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Kaiyu Sun
- Center of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 58 2nd Zhongshan Road, Guangzhou 510080, PR China; Center of Gastric Cancer, Sun Yat-Sen University, 58 2nd Zhongshan Road, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Guanghua Li
- Center of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 58 2nd Zhongshan Road, Guangzhou 510080, PR China; Center of Gastric Cancer, Sun Yat-Sen University, 58 2nd Zhongshan Road, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Min Tan
- Center of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 58 2nd Zhongshan Road, Guangzhou 510080, PR China; Center of Gastric Cancer, Sun Yat-Sen University, 58 2nd Zhongshan Road, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Wu Song
- Center of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 58 2nd Zhongshan Road, Guangzhou 510080, PR China; Center of Gastric Cancer, Sun Yat-Sen University, 58 2nd Zhongshan Road, Guangzhou 510080, PR China.
| | - Yujie Yuan
- Center of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 58 2nd Zhongshan Road, Guangzhou 510080, PR China; Center of Gastric Cancer, Sun Yat-Sen University, 58 2nd Zhongshan Road, Guangzhou 510080, PR China.
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Zha H, Wang X, Zhu Y, Chen D, Han X, Yang F, Gao J, Hu C, Shu C, Feng Y, Tan Y, Zhang J, Li Y, Wan YY, Guo B, Zhu B. Intracellular Activation of Complement C3 Leads to PD-L1 Antibody Treatment Resistance by Modulating Tumor-Associated Macrophages. Cancer Immunol Res 2018; 7:193-207. [PMID: 30514794 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-18-0272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Complement aids in the construction of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Tumor cell-derived C3 has been previously reported, but whether and how it acts on antitumor immunity remains to be elucidated. Here, we describe a mechanism for tumor cell-derived C3 in suppressing antitumor immunity. Tumor cell-derived C3 was activated intracellularly, which results in generation of C3a. C3a modulated tumor-associated macrophages via C3a-C3aR-PI3Kγ signaling, thereby repressing antitumor immunity. Deletion of C3 in tumor cells that had high C3 expression enhanced efficacy of anti-PD-L1 treatment. Collectively, our results suggest tumor cell-derived C3 may be a useful target for cancer immunotherapy and that targeting C3 in tumor cells may enhance antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Zha
- Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Immunotherapy, Chongqing, P.R. China.,Department of Oncology, The General Hospital of the PLA Rocket Force, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xinxin Wang
- Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Immunotherapy, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Immunotherapy, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Diangang Chen
- Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Immunotherapy, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Han
- Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Immunotherapy, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Fei Yang
- Department of Immunology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Jianbao Gao
- Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Immunotherapy, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Chunyan Hu
- Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Immunotherapy, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Chi Shu
- Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Immunotherapy, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Yi Feng
- Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Immunotherapy, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Yulong Tan
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Jinyu Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Yongsheng Li
- Clinical Medicine Research Center and Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Yisong Y Wan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Centre, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North California
| | - Bo Guo
- Maternal and Child Health Research Institute, Baoan Women's and Children's Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, P.R. China.
| | - Bo Zhu
- Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China. .,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Immunotherapy, Chongqing, P.R. China
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40
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Zhang J, Ye J, Ren Y, Zuo J, Dai W, He Y, Tan M, Song W, Yuan Y. Intracellular activation of complement C3 in Paneth cells improves repair of intestinal epithelia during acute injury. Immunotherapy 2018; 10:1325-1336. [PMID: 30381988 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2018-0122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To explore whether Paneth cells (PCs) and complement system collaborate in the repair of enteric epithelia during acute gastrointestinal injury (AGI). METHODS Wild-type C57BL/6 mice were employed to induce AGI by performing colon ascendens stent surgery, with sham-operated as control. Exogenous C3 treatment was applied at 6-h postsurgery. After 48 h, overall survival, intestinal damage severity, and C3 intracellular activation were assessed in both epithelial cells and PCs. RESULTS AGI caused a high mortality, while C3 therapy significantly attenuated epithelial damages and improved survival. Besides, exogenous C3 in vitro enhanced the proliferation and activity of PCs. Importantly, intracellular C3 activation was observed inside of PCs under C3 co-stimulation in vitro. CONCLUSION C3 immunotherapy might play a valuable role in turnover of gut epithelia through intracellular activation in PCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- Center of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China
| | - Jinning Ye
- Center of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China
| | - Yufeng Ren
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Jidong Zuo
- Center of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China
| | - Weigang Dai
- Center of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China
| | - Yulong He
- Center of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China.,Center of Gastric Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Min Tan
- Center of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China
| | - Wu Song
- Center of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China.,Center of Gastric Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Yujie Yuan
- Center of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China.,Center of Gastric Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
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41
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Sorbara MT, Foerster EG, Tsalikis J, Abdel-Nour M, Mangiapane J, Sirluck-Schroeder I, Tattoli I, van Dalen R, Isenman DE, Rohde JR, Girardin SE, Philpott DJ. Complement C3 Drives Autophagy-Dependent Restriction of Cyto-invasive Bacteria. Cell Host Microbe 2018; 23:644-652.e5. [PMID: 29746835 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2018.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
In physiological settings, the complement protein C3 is deposited on all bacteria, including invasive pathogens. However, because experimental host-bacteria systems typically use decomplemented serum to avoid the lytic action of complement, the impact of C3 coating on epithelial cell responses to invasive bacteria remains unexplored. Here, we demonstrate that following invasion, intracellular C3-positive Listeria monocytogenes is targeted by autophagy through a direct C3/ATG16L1 interaction, resulting in autophagy-dependent bacterial growth restriction. In contrast, Shigella flexneri and Salmonella Typhimurium escape autophagy-mediated growth restriction in part through the action of bacterial outer membrane proteases that cleave bound C3. Upon oral infection with Listeria, C3-deficient mice displayed defective clearance at the intestinal mucosa. Together, these results demonstrate an intracellular role of complement in triggering antibacterial autophagy and immunity against intracellular pathogens. Since C3 indiscriminately associates with foreign surfaces, the C3-ATG16L1 interaction may provide a universal mechanism of xenophagy initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T Sorbara
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | | | - Jessica Tsalikis
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Mena Abdel-Nour
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Joseph Mangiapane
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | | | - Ivan Tattoli
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Rob van Dalen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - David E Isenman
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - John R Rohde
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H4R2, Canada
| | - Stephen E Girardin
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Dana J Philpott
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
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42
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Mulligan JK, Patel K, Williamson T, Reaves N, Carroll W, Stephenson SE, Gao P, Drake RR, Neely BA, Tomlinson S, Schlosser RJ, Atkinson C. C3a receptor antagonism as a novel therapeutic target for chronic rhinosinusitis. Mucosal Immunol 2018; 11:1375-1385. [PMID: 29907871 PMCID: PMC6162114 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-018-0048-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is an inflammatory disease with an unknown etiology. Recent studies have implicated the complement system as a potential modulator of disease immunopathology. We performed proteomic pathway enrichment analysis of differentially increased proteins, and found an enrichment of complement cascade pathways in the nasal mucus of individuals with CRSwNP as compared to control subjects. Sinonasal mucus levels of complement 3 (C3) correlated with worse subjective disease severity, whereas no significant difference in systemic C3 levels could be determined in plasma samples. Given that human sinonasal epithelial cells were the predominate sinonasal source of C3 and complement anaphylatoxin 3a (C3a) staining, we focused on their role in in vitro studies. Baseline intracellular C3 levels were higher in CRSwNP cells, and following exposure to Aspergillus fumigatus (Af) extract, they released significantly more C3 and C3a. Inhibition of complement 3a receptor (C3aR) signaling led to a decrease in Af-induced C3 and C3a release, both in vitro and in vivo. Finally, we found in vivo that C3aR deficiency or inhibition significantly reduced inflammation and CRS development in a mouse model of Af-induced CRS. These findings demonstrate that local sinonasal complement activation correlates with subjective disease severity, and that local C3aR antagonism significantly ameliorates Af-induced CRS in a rodent model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer K Mulligan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Kunal Patel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Lee Patterson Allen Transplant Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Tucker Williamson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Nicholas Reaves
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - William Carroll
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Sarah E Stephenson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Peng Gao
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Richard R Drake
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Benjamin A Neely
- Marine Biochemical Sciences, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Stephen Tomlinson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Rodney J Schlosser
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Carl Atkinson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
- Lee Patterson Allen Transplant Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
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Inafuku S, Klokman G, Connor KM. The Alternative Complement System Mediates Cell Death in Retinal Ischemia Reperfusion Injury. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:278. [PMID: 30174588 PMCID: PMC6107794 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury induces retinal cell death and contributes to visual impairment. Previous studies suggest that the complement cascade plays a key role in IR injury in several systemic diseases. However, the role of the complement pathway in the ischemic retina has not been investigated. The aim of this study is to determine if the alternative complement cascade plays a role in retinal IR injury, and identify which components of the pathway mediate retinal degeneration in response to IR injury. To accomplish this, we utilized the mouse model of retinal IR injury, wherein the intraocular pressure (IOP) is elevated for 45 min, collapsing the retinal blood vessels and inducing retinal ischemia, followed by IOP normalization and subsequent reperfusion. We found that mRNA expression of complement inhibitors complement receptor 1-related gene/protein-y (Crry), Cd55 and Cd59a was down-regulated after IR. Moreover, genetic deletion of complement component 3 (C3−/−) and complement factor b (Fb−/−) decreased IR-induced retinal apoptosis. Because vascular dysfunction is central to IR injury, we also assessed the role of complement in a model of shear stress. In human retinal endothelial cells (HRECs), shear stress up-regulated complement inhibitors Cd46, Cd55, and Cd59, and suppressed complement-mediated cell death, indicating that a lack of vascular flow, commonly observed in IR injury, allows for complement mediated attack of the retinal vasculature. These results suggested that in retinal IR injury, the alternative complement system is activated by suppression of complement inhibitors, leading to vascular dysfunction and neuronal cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saori Inafuku
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye & Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Garrett Klokman
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye & Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kip M Connor
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye & Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
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Chen L, Wang J, You Q, He S, Meng Q, Gao J, Wu X, Shen Y, Sun Y, Wu X, Xu Q. Activating AMPK to Restore Tight Junction Assembly in Intestinal Epithelium and to Attenuate Experimental Colitis by Metformin. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:761. [PMID: 30061832 PMCID: PMC6054982 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a crucial molecule in energy metabolism, is reported to play a potential role in gut epithelial differentiation and barrier function recently; however, its performance and mechanisms in the pathological process of inflammatory bowel diseases remain unidentified. In this study, we have found that the phosphorylation of AMPK in colonic tissues is negatively correlated with severity of disease during the initiation and development of experimental colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium. Activation of AMPK by metformin significantly controls the progression of colitis, which is associated with the maintenance of tight junction in colonic epithelium in mice. Moreover, our in vitro data in colonic epithelial Caco2 cells shows that metformin promotes expression and assembly of tight junctions via an AMPK-dependent way. Overall, our results suggested that activating AMPK by a clinically safe drug metformin could be a beneficial choice for colitis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qian You
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuai He
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qianqian Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xudong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuefeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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Kolev M, Markiewski MM. Targeting complement-mediated immunoregulation for cancer immunotherapy. Semin Immunol 2018; 37:85-97. [PMID: 29454575 PMCID: PMC5984681 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Complement was initially discovered as an assembly of plasma proteins "complementing" the cytolytic activity of antibodies. However, our current knowledge places this complex system of several plasma proteins, receptors, and regulators in the center of innate immunity as a bridge between the initial innate responses and adaptive immune reactions. Consequently, complement appears to be pivotal for elimination of pathogens, not only as an early response defense, but by directing the subsequent adaptive immune response. The discovery of functional intracellular complement and its roles in cellular metabolism opened novel avenues for research and potential therapeutic implications. The recent studies demonstrating immunoregulatory functions of complement in the tumor microenvironment and the premetastatic niche shifted the paradigm on our understanding of functions of the complement system in regulating immunity. Several complement proteins, through their interaction with cells in the tumor microenvironment and in metastasis-targeted organs, contribute to modulating tumor growth, antitumor immunity, angiogenesis, and therefore, the overall progression of malignancy and, perhaps, responsiveness of cancer to different therapies. Here, we focus on recent progress in our understanding of immunostimulatory vs. immunoregulatory functions of complement and potential applications of these findings to the design of novel therapies for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Kolev
- Complement and Inflammation Research Section, DIR, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, United States.
| | - Maciej M Markiewski
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, TX, 79601, United States.
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46
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Norsa L, Nicastro E, Di Giorgio A, Lacaille F, D'Antiga L. Prevention and Treatment of Intestinal Failure-Associated Liver Disease in Children. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10060664. [PMID: 29882922 PMCID: PMC6024802 DOI: 10.3390/nu10060664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal failure-associated liver disease (IFALD) is a threatening complication for children on long-term parenteral nutrition because of intestinal failure. When progressive and intractable, it may jeopardize intestinal rehabilitation and lead to combined liver and intestinal transplantation. The institution of dedicated intestinal failure centers has dramatically decreased the incidence of such complication. IFALD may rapidly fade away if very early management aimed at preventing progression to end-stage liver disease is provided. In this review, we address the etiology and risk factors of IFALD in order to introduce pillars of prevention (nutritional management and catheter-related infections control). The latest evidence of therapeutic strategies, such as medical and surgical treatments, is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Norsa
- Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition, Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII, 24127 Bergamo, Italy.
| | - Emanuele Nicastro
- Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition, Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII, 24127 Bergamo, Italy.
| | - Angelo Di Giorgio
- Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition, Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII, 24127 Bergamo, Italy.
| | - Florence Lacaille
- Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, 75015 Paris, France.
| | - Lorenzo D'Antiga
- Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition, Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII, 24127 Bergamo, Italy.
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Abstract
The complement system is an evolutionarily ancient key component of innate immunity required for the detection and removal of invading pathogens. It was discovered more than 100 years ago and was originally defined as a liver-derived, blood-circulating sentinel system that classically mediates the opsonization and lytic killing of dangerous microbes and the initiation of the general inflammatory reaction. More recently, complement has also emerged as a critical player in adaptive immunity via its ability to instruct both B and T cell responses. In particular, work on the impact of complement on T cell responses led to the surprising discoveries that the complement system also functions within cells and is involved in regulating basic cellular processes, predominantly those of metabolic nature. Here, we review current knowledge about complement's role in T cell biology, with a focus on the novel intracellular and noncanonical activities of this ancient system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin E West
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States; ,
| | - Martin Kolev
- Division of Transplant Immunology and Mucosal Biology, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom;
| | - Claudia Kemper
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States; ,
- Division of Transplant Immunology and Mucosal Biology, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom;
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
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48
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West EE, Afzali B, Kemper C. Unexpected Roles for Intracellular Complement in the Regulation of Th1 Responses. Adv Immunol 2018; 138:35-70. [PMID: 29731006 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ai.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The complement system is generally recognized as an evolutionarily ancient and critical part of innate immunity required for the removal of pathogens that have breached the protective host barriers. It was originally defined as a liver-derived serum surveillance system that induces the opsonization and killing of invading microbes and amplifies the general inflammatory reactions. However, studies spanning the last four decades have established complement also as a vital bridge between innate and adaptive immunity. Furthermore, recent work on complement, and in particular its impact on human T helper 1 (Th1) responses, has led to the unexpected findings that the complement system also functions within cells and that it participates in the regulation of basic processes of the cell, including metabolism. These recent new insights into the unanticipated noncanonical activities of this ancient system suggest that the functions of complement extend well beyond mere host protection and into cellular physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin E West
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Behdad Afzali
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States; Lymphocyte Cell Biology Section (Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Branch), National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Claudia Kemper
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States; Division of Transplant Immunology and Mucosal Biology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
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49
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Sina C, Kemper C, Derer S. The intestinal complement system in inflammatory bowel disease: Shaping intestinal barrier function. Semin Immunol 2018; 37:66-73. [PMID: 29486961 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2018.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The complement system is part of innate sensor and effector systems such as the Toll-like receptors (TLRs). It recognizes and quickly systemically and/or locally respond to microbial-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) with a tailored defense reaction. MAMP recognition by intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) and appropriate immune responses are of major importance for the maintenance of intestinal barrier function. Enterocytes highly express various complement components that are suggested to be pivotal for proper IEC function. Appropriate activation of the intestinal complement system seems to play an important role in the resolution of chronic intestinal inflammation, while over-activation and/or dysregulation may worsen intestinal inflammation. Mice deficient for single complement components suffer from enhanced intestinal inflammation mimicking the phenotype of patients with chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) such as Crohn's disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC). However, the mechanisms leading to complement expression in IECs seem to differ markedly between UC and CD patients. Hence, how IECs, intestinal bacteria and epithelial cell expressed complement components interact in the course of IBD still remains to be mostly elucidated to define potential unique patterns contributing to the distinct subtypes of intestinal inflammation observed in CD and UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Sina
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, Molecular Gastroenterology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany; 1st Department of Medicine, Section of Nutritional Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Claudia Kemper
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany; Division of Transplant Immunology and Mucosal Biology, Medical Research Council Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK; Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and the Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Stefanie Derer
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, Molecular Gastroenterology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany.
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50
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Wang Y, Li SY, Shen S, Wang J. Protecting neurons from cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury via nanoparticle-mediated delivery of an siRNA to inhibit microglial neurotoxicity. Biomaterials 2018; 161:95-105. [PMID: 29421566 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Complement component C3 (C3) plays a central role in microglial neurotoxicity following cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. In this study, we focused on the role of nanoparticles loaded with C3 siRNA (NPsiC3) in inhibiting microglial neurotoxicity after brain (I/R) injury. NPsiC3 inhibited the hypoxia/re-oxygenation-induced increase in C3 expression in microglia in vitro. Importantly, treatment with NPsiC3 decreased C3b deposition on neurons and reduced microglia-mediated neuronal damage under hypoxia/re-oxygen conditions. Nanoparticles could effectively deliver C3-siRNA from the blood into ischemic penumbra across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and significantly decrease C3 expression in microglia and ischemic brain tissue, while reducing the number of infiltrating inflammatory cells and the concentration of pro-inflammatory factors in the penumbra. Furthermore, NPsiC3 also prevented neuronal apoptosis, reduced the volume of the ischemic zone, and substantially improved functional recovery after I/R injury. Therefore, the NPsiC3-induced inhibition of microglial neurotoxicity represents a novel therapeutic strategy for treating brain I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Wang
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, PR China
| | - Shi-Yong Li
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, PR China; Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, PR China.
| | - Song Shen
- Institutes for Life Sciences, School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China
| | - Jun Wang
- Institutes for Life Sciences, School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China; Research Institute for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China.
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