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Balasubramanian S, Perumal E. Integrated in silico analysis of transcriptomic alterations in nanoparticle toxicity across human and mouse models. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 949:174897. [PMID: 39053559 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Nanoparticles, due to their exceptional physicochemical properties are used in our day-to-day environment. They are currently not regulated which might lead to increased levels in the biological systems causing adverse effects. However, the overall mechanism behind nanotoxicity remains elusive. Previously, we analysed the transcriptome datasets of copper oxide nanoparticles using in silico tools and identified IL-17, chemokine signaling pathway, and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction as the key pathways altered. Based on the findings, we hypothesized a common pathway could be involved in transition metal oxide nanoparticles toxicity irrespective of the variables. Further, there could be unique transcriptome changes between metal oxide nanoparticles and other nanoparticles. To accomplish this, the overall transcriptome datasets of nanoparticles consisting of microarray and RNA-Seq were obtained. >90 studies for 17 different nanoparticles, performed in humans, rats, and mice were assessed. After initial screening, 24 mouse studies (with 196 datasets) and 34 human studies (with 200 datasets) were used for further analyses. The common genes that are dysregulated upon NPs exposure were identified for human and mouse datasets separately. Further, an overrepresentation functional enrichment analysis was performed. The common genes, their gene ontology, gene-gene, and protein-protein interactions were assessed. The overall results suggest that IL-17 and its related pathways might be commonly altered in nanoparticle exposure with lung as one of the major organs affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satheeswaran Balasubramanian
- Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641046, India
| | - Ekambaram Perumal
- Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641046, India.
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2
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Jakobs J, Bertram J, Rink L. Ca 2+ signals are essential for T-cell proliferation, while Zn 2+ signals are necessary for T helper cell 1 differentiation. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:336. [PMID: 39043646 PMCID: PMC11266428 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-02104-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The regulation of T-cell fate is crucial for the balance between infection control and tolerance. Calcium (Ca2+) and zinc (Zn2+) signals are both induced after T-cell stimulation, but their specific roles in the fate of activation and differentiation remain to be elucidated. Are Zn2+- and Ca2+ signals responsible for different aspects in T-cell activation and differentiation and do they act in concert or in opposition? It is crucial to understand the interplay of the intracellular signals to influence the fate of T cells in diseases with undesirable T-cell activities or in Zn2+-deficient patients. Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells were stimulated with the Zn2+ ionophore pyrithione and thapsigargin, an inhibitor of the sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA). Intracellular Zn2+ and Ca2+ signals were monitored by flow cytometry and ELISA, quantitative PCR and western blot were used to evaluate T-cell differentiation and the underlying molecular mechanism. We found that Zn2+ signals upregulated the early T-cell activation marker CD69, interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF-1), and Krüppel-like factor 10 (KLF-10) expression, which are important for T helper cell (Th) 1 differentiation. Ca2+ signals, on the other hand, increased T-bet and Forkhead box P3 (FoxP3) expression and interleukin (IL)-2 release. Most interestingly, the combination of Zn2+ and Ca2+ signals was indispensable to induce interferon (IFN)-γ expression and increased the surface expression of CD69 by several-fold. These results highlight the importance of the parallel occurrence of Ca2+ and Zn2+ signals. Both signals act in concert and are required for the differentiation into Th1 cells, for the stabilization of regulatory T cells, and induces T-cell activation by several-fold. This provides further insight into the impaired immune functions of patients with zinc deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Jakobs
- Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jens Bertram
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lothar Rink
- Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany.
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3
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Seki T, Ohshima S, Komatsu S, Yamada S, Kashiwagi H, Goto Y, Tsuda B, Kanno A, Yasuda A, Kuno H, Tsuji NM, Shiina T, Kametani Y. Coccomyxa subellipsoidea KJ Components Enhance the Expression of Metallothioneins and Th17 Cytokines during Human T Cell Activation. Microorganisms 2024; 12:741. [PMID: 38674685 PMCID: PMC11051862 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12040741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Coccomyxa subellipsoidea KJ (C-KJ) is a green alga with unique immunoregulatory characteristics. Here, we investigated the mechanism underlying the modification of T cell function by C-KJ components. The water-soluble extract of C-KJ was fractionated into protein (P) and sugar (S) fractions acidic (AS), basic (BS), and neutral (NS). These fractions were used for the treatment of peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated with toxic shock syndrome toxin-1. Transcriptome analysis revealed that both P and AS enhanced the expression of the genes encoding metallothionein (MT) family proteins, inflammatory factors, and T helper (Th) 17 cytokine and suppressed that of those encoding Th2 cytokines in stimulated T cells. The kinetics of MT1 and MT2A gene expression showed a transient increase in MT1 and maintenance of MT2A mRNA after T cell stimulation in the presence of AS. The kinetics of Th17-related cytokine secretion in the early period were comparable to those of MT2A mRNA. Furthermore, our findings revealed that static, a STAT-3 inhibitor, significantly suppressed MT2A gene expression. These findings suggest that the expression of MTs is involved in the immune regulatory function of C-KJ components, which is partially regulated by Th17 responses, and may help develop innovative immunoregulatory drugs or functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiro Seki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara 259-1193, Japan; (T.S.); (A.Y.)
| | - Shino Ohshima
- Department of Molecular Life Science, Division of Basic Medical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara 259-1193, Japan; (S.O.); (T.S.)
| | - Satoko Komatsu
- DENSO CORPORATION, Kariya 448-0029, Japan; (S.K.); (H.K.)
| | - Soga Yamada
- Department of Molecular Life Science, Division of Basic Medical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara 259-1193, Japan; (S.O.); (T.S.)
| | - Hirofumi Kashiwagi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara 259-1193, Japan
| | - Yumiko Goto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara 259-1193, Japan
| | - Banri Tsuda
- Department of Palliative Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara 259-1193, Japan
| | - Akiko Kanno
- DENSO CORPORATION, Kariya 448-0029, Japan; (S.K.); (H.K.)
| | - Atsushi Yasuda
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara 259-1193, Japan; (T.S.); (A.Y.)
| | - Hitoshi Kuno
- DENSO CORPORATION, Kariya 448-0029, Japan; (S.K.); (H.K.)
| | - Noriko M Tsuji
- Division of Immune Homeostasis, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan
- Department of Food Science, Jumonji University, Niiza 352-8510, Japan
| | - Takashi Shiina
- Department of Molecular Life Science, Division of Basic Medical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara 259-1193, Japan; (S.O.); (T.S.)
- Institute of Advanced Biosciences, Tokai University, Hiratsuka 259-1207, Japan
| | - Yoshie Kametani
- Department of Molecular Life Science, Division of Basic Medical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara 259-1193, Japan; (S.O.); (T.S.)
- Institute of Advanced Biosciences, Tokai University, Hiratsuka 259-1207, Japan
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Shao L, Yang M, Sun T, Xia H, Du D, Li X, Jie Z. Role of solute carrier transporters in regulating dendritic cell maturation and function. Eur J Immunol 2024; 54:e2350385. [PMID: 38073515 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202350385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are specialized antigen-presenting cells that initiate and regulate innate and adaptive immune responses. Solute carrier (SLC) transporters mediate diverse physiological functions and maintain cellular metabolite homeostasis. Recent studies have highlighted the significance of SLCs in immune processes. Notably, upon activation, immune cells undergo rapid and robust metabolic reprogramming, largely dependent on SLCs to modulate diverse immunological responses. In this review, we explore the central roles of SLC proteins and their transported substrates in shaping DC functions. We provide a comprehensive overview of recent studies on amino acid transporters, metal ion transporters, and glucose transporters, emphasizing their essential contributions to DC homeostasis under varying pathological conditions. Finally, we propose potential strategies for targeting SLCs in DCs to bolster immunotherapy for a spectrum of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengxin Yang
- School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Tao Sun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Haotang Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Dan Du
- Department of Stomatology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xun Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Zuliang Jie
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
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Shaikh NA, Zhang XB, Abdalla MI, Baylink DJ, Tang X. Enhancing Human Treg Cell Induction through Engineered Dendritic Cells and Zinc Supplementation. Crit Rev Immunol 2024; 44:37-52. [PMID: 38421704 PMCID: PMC11015935 DOI: 10.1615/critrevimmunol.2023050325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Regulatory T (Treg) cells hold promise for the ultimate cure of immune-mediated diseases. However, how to effectively restore Treg function in patients remains unknown. Previous reports suggest that activated dendritic cells (DCs) de novo synthesize locally high concentrations of 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D, i.e., the active vitamin D or 1,25(OH)2D by upregulating the expression of 25-hydroxy vitamin D 1α-hydroxylase. Although 1,25(OH)2D has been shown to induce Treg cells, DC-derived 1,25(OH)2D only serves as a checkpoint to ensure well-balanced immune responses. Our animal studies have shown that 1,25(OH)2D requires high concentrations to generate Treg cells, which can cause severe side effects. In addition, our animal studies have also demonstrated that dendritic cells (DCs) overexpressing the 1α-hydroxylase de novo synthesize the effective Treg-inducing 1,25(OH)2D concentrations without causing the primary side effect of hypercalcemia (i.e., high blood calcium levels). This study furthers our previous animal studies and explores the efficacy of the la-hydroxylase-overexpressing DCs in inducing human CD4+FOXP3+regulatory T (Treg) cells. We discovered that the effective Treg-inducing doses of 1,25(OH)2D were within a range. Additionally, our data corroborated that the 1α-hydroxylase-overexpressing DCs synthesized 1,25(OH)2D within this concentration range in vivo, thus facilitating effective Treg cell induction. Moreover, this study demonstrated that 1α-hydroxylase expression levels were pivotal for DCs to induce Treg cells because physiological 25(OH)D levels were sufficient for the engineered but not parental DCs to enhance Treg cell induction. Interestingly, adding non-toxic zinc concentrations significantly augmented the Treg-inducing capacity of the engineered DCs. Our new findings offer a novel therapeutic avenue for immune-mediated human diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease, type 1 diabetes, and multiple sclerosis, by integrating zinc with the 1α-hydroxylase-overexpressing DCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisar Ali Shaikh
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Long Island University, Brookville, NY 11548, USA
| | - Xiao-Bing Zhang
- Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Maisa I. Abdalla
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, New York 14642, USA
| | - David J. Baylink
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Department of Basic Science, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Xiaolei Tang
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Long Island University, Brookville, NY 11548, USA
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Department of Basic Science, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
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Shen AS, Johnson JS, Kerns ML. Dietary Factors and Hidradenitis Suppurativa. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb) 2023; 13:3007-3017. [PMID: 37899421 PMCID: PMC10689602 DOI: 10.1007/s13555-023-01056-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a debilitating chronic inflammatory skin condition affecting hair follicles in flexural sites. Obesity is considered to be a risk factor for HS occurrence and thought to be associated with increased severity of HS symptoms. Here, we review the literature examining the impact of dietary factors on HS. Moreover, we propose potential mechanistic links between dietary factors and HS pathogenesis, incorporating evidence from both clinical and basic science studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan S Shen
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jessica S Johnson
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Michelle Lynn Kerns
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Mail Code A61, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
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7
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Liu Y, Li X, Liu S, Du J, Xu J, Liu Y, Guo L. The changes and potential effects of zinc homeostasis in periodontitis microenvironment. Oral Dis 2023; 29:3063-3077. [PMID: 35996971 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Zinc is a very important and ubiquitous element, which is present in oral environment, daily diet, oral health products, dental restorative materials, and so on. However, there is a lack of attention to the role of both extracellular or intracellular zinc in the progression of periodontitis and periodontal regeneration. This review summarizes the characteristics of immunological microenvironment and host cells function in several key stages of periodontitis progression, and explores the regulatory effect of zinc during this process. We find multiple evidence indicate that zinc may be involved and play a key role in the stages of immune defense, inflammatory response and bone remodeling. Zinc supplementation in an appropriate dose range or regulation of zinc transport proteins can promote periodontal regeneration by either enhancing immune defense or up-regulating local cells proliferation and differentiation functions. Therefore, zinc homeostasis is essential in periodontal remodeling and regeneration. More attention is suggested to be focused on zinc homeostasis regulation and consider it as a potential strategy in the studies on periodontitis treatment, periodontal-guided tissue regeneration, implant material transformation, and so on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitong Liu
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Siyan Liu
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Du
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Junji Xu
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lijia Guo
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Kumar S, Ansari S, Narayanan S, Ranjith-Kumar CT, Surjit M. Antiviral activity of zinc against hepatitis viruses: current status and future prospects. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1218654. [PMID: 37908540 PMCID: PMC10613677 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1218654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral hepatitis is a major public health concern globally. World health organization aims at eliminating viral hepatitis as a public health threat by 2030. Among the hepatitis causing viruses, hepatitis B and C are primarily transmitted via contaminated blood. Hepatitis A and E, which gets transmitted primarily via the feco-oral route, are the leading cause of acute viral hepatitis. Although vaccines are available against some of these viruses, new cases continue to be reported. There is an urgent need to devise a potent yet economical antiviral strategy against the hepatitis-causing viruses (denoted as hepatitis viruses) for achieving global elimination of viral hepatitis. Although zinc was known to mankind for a long time (since before Christ era), it was identified as an element in 1746 and its importance for human health was discovered in 1963 by the pioneering work of Dr. Ananda S. Prasad. A series of follow up studies involving zinc supplementation as a therapy demonstrated zinc as an essential element for humans, leading to establishment of a recommended dietary allowance (RDA) of 15 milligram zinc [United States RDA for zinc]. Being an essential component of many cellular enzymes and transcription factors, zinc is vital for growth and homeostasis of most living organisms, including human. Importantly, several studies indicate potent antiviral activity of zinc. Multiple studies have demonstrated antiviral activity of zinc against viruses that cause hepatitis. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the findings on antiviral activity of zinc against hepatitis viruses, discusses the mechanisms underlying the antiviral properties of zinc and summarizes the prospects of harnessing the therapeutic benefit of zinc supplementation therapy in reducing the disease burden due to viral hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiv Kumar
- Virology Laboratory, Centre for Virus Research, Therapeutics and Vaccines, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Shabnam Ansari
- Virology Laboratory, Centre for Virus Research, Therapeutics and Vaccines, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Sriram Narayanan
- University School of Biotechnology, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, New Delhi, India
| | - C. T. Ranjith-Kumar
- University School of Biotechnology, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, New Delhi, India
| | - Milan Surjit
- Virology Laboratory, Centre for Virus Research, Therapeutics and Vaccines, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana, India
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Giannoukakis N. Tolerogenic dendritic cells in type 1 diabetes: no longer a concept. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1212641. [PMID: 37388741 PMCID: PMC10303908 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1212641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Tolerogenic dendritic cells (tDC) arrest the progression of autoimmune-driven dysglycemia into clinical, insulin-requiring type 1 diabetes (T1D) and preserve a critical mass of β cells able to restore some degree of normoglycemia in new-onset clinical disease. The safety of tDC, generated ex vivo from peripheral blood leukocytes, has been demonstrated in phase I clinical studies. Accumulating evidence shows that tDC act via multiple layers of immune regulation arresting the action of pancreatic β cell-targeting effector lymphocytes. tDC share a number of phenotypes and mechanisms of action, independent of the method by which they are generated ex vivo. In the context of safety, this yields confidence that the time has come to test the best characterized tDC in phase II clinical trials in T1D, especially given that tDC are already being tested for other autoimmune conditions. The time is also now to refine purity markers and to "universalize" the methods by which tDC are generated. This review summarizes the current state of tDC therapy for T1D, presents points of intersection of the mechanisms of action that the different embodiments use to induce tolerance, and offers insights into outstanding matters to address as phase II studies are imminent. Finally, we present a proposal for co-administration and serially-alternating administration of tDC and T-regulatory cells (Tregs) as a synergistic and complementary approach to prevent and treat T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick Giannoukakis
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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Yang L, Chu Z, Liu M, Zou Q, Li J, Liu Q, Wang Y, Wang T, Xiang J, Wang B. Amino acid metabolism in immune cells: essential regulators of the effector functions, and promising opportunities to enhance cancer immunotherapy. J Hematol Oncol 2023; 16:59. [PMID: 37277776 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-023-01453-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Amino acids are basic nutrients for immune cells during organ development, tissue homeostasis, and the immune response. Regarding metabolic reprogramming in the tumor microenvironment, dysregulation of amino acid consumption in immune cells is an important underlying mechanism leading to impaired anti-tumor immunity. Emerging studies have revealed that altered amino acid metabolism is tightly linked to tumor outgrowth, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance through governing the fate of various immune cells. During these processes, the concentration of free amino acids, their membrane bound transporters, key metabolic enzymes, and sensors such as mTOR and GCN2 play critical roles in controlling immune cell differentiation and function. As such, anti-cancer immune responses could be enhanced by supplement of specific essential amino acids, or targeting the metabolic enzymes or their sensors, thereby developing novel adjuvant immune therapeutic modalities. To further dissect metabolic regulation of anti-tumor immunity, this review summarizes the regulatory mechanisms governing reprogramming of amino acid metabolism and their effects on the phenotypes and functions of tumor-infiltrating immune cells to propose novel approaches that could be exploited to rewire amino acid metabolism and enhance cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luming Yang
- Chongqing University Medical School, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China
- Department of Gastroenterology and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Digestive Malignancies, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 10# Changjiang Branch Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaole Chu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Digestive Malignancies, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 10# Changjiang Branch Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Liu
- Chongqing University Medical School, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China
- Department of Gastroenterology and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Digestive Malignancies, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 10# Changjiang Branch Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Zou
- Chongqing University Medical School, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China
- Department of Gastroenterology and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Digestive Malignancies, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 10# Changjiang Branch Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinyang Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Digestive Malignancies, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 10# Changjiang Branch Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Digestive Malignancies, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 10# Changjiang Branch Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China
| | - Yazhou Wang
- Chongqing University Medical School, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Digestive Malignancies, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 10# Changjiang Branch Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China.
| | - Junyu Xiang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Digestive Malignancies, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 10# Changjiang Branch Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Digestive Malignancies, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 10# Changjiang Branch Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China.
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology of Ministry of Education of China, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China.
- Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing, 401329, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Silalahi ER, Wibowo N, Prasmusinto D, Djuwita R, Rengganis I, Mose JC. Decidual dendritic cells 10 and CD4 +CD25 +FOXP3 regulatory T cell in preeclampsia and their correlation with nutritional factors in pathomechanism of immune rejection in pregnancy. J Reprod Immunol 2022; 154:103746. [PMID: 36108422 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2022.103746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune intolerance is thought to be the underlying cause of immune rejection to fetus in preeclampsia. Decidual dendritic cell-10 (DC-10) and T regulator cell (Treg) play important role to create tolerogenic environment during pregnancy. However, their roles on the specific pathomechanism of preeclampsia along with various nutritional factors have not been widely studied. AIM To determine the number of DC-10 and Treg in preeclampsia and their correlations with decidual nutritional factors. METHOD This was a cross-sectional study among early onset preeclampsia (EOPE), late onset preeclampsia (LOPE), and normotensive (NT) pregnancies. Decidual specimens were obtained by curettage after caesarean section. The number of DC-10 and Treg cells were counted using flow cytometry. The levels of nutritional factors (zinc, retinol, all-trans retinoic acid, vitamin D) were determined using ICP-MS and LC-MS method. RESULT A total of 14 subjects for each group were included in the study. The DC-10 was significantly lower in both EOPE and LOPE compared to NT (p < 0.001). Treg cells were significantly higher in EOPE compare to NT (p = 0.015). There was a moderate correlation between zinc level and DC-10 (p = 0.011) and a strong correlation between retinol level and DC-10 (p = 0.002) in the NT group. A moderate correlation was found between vitamin D level and Treg cells in the NT group (p = 0.026). CONCLUSION There was a lower number of DC-10 and higher number of Treg cells in early preeclampsia. There was no correlation between DC-10 and Treg number with decidual nutritional factors in preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Roria Silalahi
- Doctoral Program in Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia.
| | - Noroyono Wibowo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia - Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Indonesia
| | - Damar Prasmusinto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia - Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Indonesia
| | - Ratna Djuwita
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia
| | - Iris Rengganis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia - Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Indonesia
| | - Johanes C Mose
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran - Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Indonesia
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12
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Zinc in Human Health and Infectious Diseases. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12121748. [PMID: 36551176 PMCID: PMC9775844 DOI: 10.3390/biom12121748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
During the last few decades, the micronutrient zinc has proven to be an important metal ion for a well-functioning immune system, and thus also for a suitable immune defense. Nowadays, it is known that the main cause of zinc deficiency is malnutrition. In particular, vulnerable populations, such as the elderly in Western countries and children in developing countries, are often affected. However, sufficient zinc intake and homeostasis is essential for a healthy life, as it is known that zinc deficiency is associated with a multitude of immune disorders such as metabolic and chronic diseases, as well as infectious diseases such as respiratory infections, malaria, HIV, or tuberculosis. Moreover, the modulation of the proinflammatory immune response and oxidative stress is well described. The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of zinc have been known for a long time, but are not comprehensively researched and understood yet. Therefore, this review highlights the current molecular mechanisms underlying the development of a pro-/ and anti-inflammatory immune response as a result of zinc deficiency and zinc supplementation. Additionally, we emphasize the potential of zinc as a preventive and therapeutic agent, alone or in combination with other strategies, that could ameliorate infectious diseases.
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13
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Wang S, Chen Y, Ling Z, Li J, Hu J, He F, Chen Q. The role of dendritic cells in the immunomodulation to implanted biomaterials. Int J Oral Sci 2022; 14:52. [PMCID: PMC9636170 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-022-00203-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Considering the substantial role played by dendritic cells (DCs) in the immune system to bridge innate and adaptive immunity, studies on DC-mediated immunity toward biomaterials principally center on their adjuvant effects in facilitating the adaptive immunity of codelivered antigens. However, the effect of the intrinsic properties of biomaterials on dendritic cells has not been clarified. Recently, researchers have begun to investigate and found that biomaterials that are nonadjuvant could also regulate the immune function of DCs and thus affect subsequent tissue regeneration. In the case of proteins adsorbed onto biomaterial surfaces, their intrinsic properties can direct their orientation and conformation, forming “biomaterial-associated molecular patterns (BAMPs)”. Thus, in this review, we focused on the intrinsic physiochemical properties of biomaterials in the absence of antigens that affect DC immune function and summarized the underlying signaling pathways. Moreover, we preliminarily clarified the specific composition of BAMPs and the interplay between some key molecules and DCs, such as heat shock proteins (HSPs) and high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1). This review provides a new direction for future biomaterial design, through which modulation of host immune responses is applicable to tissue engineering and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Wang
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XStomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006 China
| | - Yanqi Chen
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XStomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006 China
| | - Zhaoting Ling
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XStomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006 China
| | - Jia Li
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XStomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006 China
| | - Jun Hu
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XStomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006 China
| | - Fuming He
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XStomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006 China
| | - Qianming Chen
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XStomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006 China
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14
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Bilal M, Ashraf S, Zhao X. Dietary Component-Induced Inflammation and Its Amelioration by Prebiotics, Probiotics, and Synbiotics. Front Nutr 2022; 9:931458. [PMID: 35938108 PMCID: PMC9354043 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.931458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A balanced diet with many dietary components maintains immune homeostasis directly by interacting with innate and adaptive immune components or indirectly through gut microbiota and their metabolites. Dietary components may inhibit pro-inflammatory mediators and promote anti-inflammatory functions or vice versa. Western diets with imbalanced dietary components skew the immune balance toward pro-inflammation and induce intestinal inflammation, consequently leading to many intestinal and systemic inflammatory diseases like ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, irritable bowel syndrome, cardiovascular problems, obesity, and diabetes. The dietary component-induced inflammation is usually chronic in nature and frequently caused or accompanied by alterations in gut microbiota. Therefore, microbiome-targeted therapies such as probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics hold great potentials to amend immune dysregulation and gut dysbiosis, preventing and treating intestinal and systemic inflammatory diseases. Probiotics, prebiotics and synbioitcs are progressively being added to foods and beverages, with claims of health benefits. However, the underlining mechanisms of these interventions for preventing and treating dietary component-induced inflammation are still not very clear. In addition, possibly ineffective or negative consequences of some probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics call for stringent testing and regulation. Here, we will first briefly review inflammation, in terms of its types and the relationship between different dietary components and immune responses. Then, we focus on current knowledge about the direct and indirect effects of probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics on intestinal and systemic inflammation. Understanding how probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics modulate the immune system and gut microbiota will improve our strategies for preventing and treating dietary component-induced intestinal inflammation and inflammatory diseases.
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15
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Qiao H, Mei J, Yuan K, Zhang K, Zhou F, Tang T, Zhao J. Immune-regulating strategy against rheumatoid arthritis by inducing tolerogenic dendritic cells with modified zinc peroxide nanoparticles. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:323. [PMID: 35836178 PMCID: PMC9281050 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01536-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In hypoxic dendritic cells (DCs), a low level of Zn2+ can induce the activation of immunogenic DCs (igDCs), thereby triggering an active T-cell response to propel the immune progression of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This finding indicates the crucial roles of zinc and oxygen homeostasis in DCs during the pathogenesis of RA. However, very few studies have focused on the modulation of zinc and oxygen homeostasis in DCs during RA treatment. Proposed herein is a DC-targeting immune-regulating strategy to induce igDCs into tolerogenic DCs (tDCs) and inhibit subsequent T-cell activation, referred to as ZnO2/Catalase@liposome-Mannose nanoparticles (ZnCM NPs). ZnCM NPs displayed targeted intracellular delivery of Zn2+ and O2 towards igDCs in a pH-responsive manner. After inactivating OTUB1 deubiquitination, the ZnCM NPs promoted CCL5 degradation via NF-κB signalling, thereby inducing the igDC-tDC transition to further inhibit CD4+ T-cell homeostasis. In collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mice, this nanoimmunoplatform showed significant accumulation in the spleen, where immature DCs (imDCs) differentiated into igDCs. Splenic tDCs were induced to alleviate ankle swelling, improve walking posture and safely inhibit ankle/spleen inflammation. Our work pioneers the combination of DC-targeting nanoplatforms with RA treatments and highlights the significance of zinc and oxygen homeostasis for the immunoregulation of RA by inducing tDCs with modified ZnO2 NPs, which provides novel insight into ion homeostasis regulation for the treatment of immune diseases with a larger variety of distinct metal or nonmetal ions. The DC-targeting immune-regulating nanostrategy was firstly employed to treat RA. The complex immune regulating effects was realized through a portable, convenient and green nanomaterial. Highlighting the significance of zinc and oxygen homeostasis for the immunoregulation of RA by inducing tDCs with modified ZnO2 NPs. Expanding the notion of ion homeostasis regulation with a larger variety of distinct metal or nonmetal ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Qiao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingtian Mei
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Yuan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Tang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jie Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
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16
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Scheiermann E, Puppa MA, Rink L, Wessels I. Zinc Status Impacts the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor and Downstream Protein Expression in A549 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042270. [PMID: 35216384 PMCID: PMC8876057 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc has been suggested to play a role in carcinogenesis and tumor progression. Serum zinc levels of lung cancer patients are for example lower than in healthy individuals. The activation and expression of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), which plays a role in tumor biology, are presumably influenced by zinc. EGFR activation influences cell adhesion and immune escape. This study provides insights into the impacts of zinc on the EGFR activation and expression of downstream proteins such as E-cadherin and PD-L1 in the alveolar carcinoma cell line A549. To model chronic changes in zinc homeostasis, A549 cells were cultured in media with different zinc contents. EGFR surface expression of unstimulated and stimulated A549 cells was determined by flow cytometry. EGFR phosphorylation as well as the protein expression of E-cadherin and PD-L1 were analyzed by Western blot. In our hands, chronic zinc deficiency led to increased EGFR surface expression, decreased E-cadherin protein expression and increased PD-L1 protein expression. Zinc supplementation decreased EGFR surface expression and PD-L1 protein expression. In summary, zinc-deficient A549 cells may display a more malignant phenotype. Thus, future clinical research should further focus on the possible benefits of restoring disturbed zinc homeostasis, especially in lung cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lothar Rink
- Correspondence: (L.R.); (I.W.); Tel.: +49-241-808-0208 (L.R.); +49-241-808-0205 (I.W.)
| | - Inga Wessels
- Correspondence: (L.R.); (I.W.); Tel.: +49-241-808-0208 (L.R.); +49-241-808-0205 (I.W.)
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17
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Baarz BR, Rink L. Rebalancing the unbalanced aged immune system - A special focus on zinc. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 74:101541. [PMID: 34915196 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, aging is understood as a dynamic and multifaceted dysregulation process that spares almost no human organ or cell. The immune system being among the most affected, it has been shown predominantly that its integrity determines the tightrope walk between the difference of escaping or suffering from age-related diseases. Next to drug-based anti-aging strategies, micronutrient intervention may represent an emerging but less radical way to slow immune aging. While a sufficient supply of a variety of micronutrients is undeniably important, adequate intake of the trace element zinc appears to tower over others in terms of reaching old age. Inconveniently, zinc deficiency prevalence among the elderly is high, which in turn contributes to increased susceptibility to infection, decreased anti-tumor immunity as well as attenuated response to vaccination. Driven by this research, this review aims to provide a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of the various rebalancing capabilities of zinc in the unbalanced immune system of the elderly. This includes an in-depth and cell type-centered discussion on the role of zinc in immunosenescence and inflammaging. We further address upcoming translational aspects e.g. how zinc deficiency promotes the flourishing of certain pathogenic taxa of the gut microbiome and how zinc supply counteracts such alterations in a manner that may contribute to longevity. In the light of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, we also briefly review current knowledge on the interdependency between age, zinc status, and respiratory infections. Based on two concrete examples and considering the latest findings in the field we conclude our remarks by outlining tremendous parallels between suboptimal zinc status and accelerated aging on the one hand and an optimized zinc status and successful aging on the other hand.
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18
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Exploring the Immune-Boosting Functions of Vitamins and Minerals as Nutritional Food Bioactive Compounds: A Comprehensive Review. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27020555. [PMID: 35056870 PMCID: PMC8779769 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27020555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Food components have long been recognized to play a fundamental role in the growth and development of the human body, conferring protective functionalities against foreign matter that can be severe public health problems. Micronutrients such as vitamins and minerals are essential to the human body, and individuals must meet their daily requirements through dietary sources. Micronutrients act as immunomodulators and protect the host immune response, thus preventing immune evasion by pathogenic organisms. Several experimental investigations have been undertaken to appraise the immunomodulatory functions of vitamins and minerals. Based on these experimental findings, this review describes the immune-boosting functionalities of micronutrients and the mechanisms of action through which these functions are mediated. Deficiencies of vitamins and minerals in plasma concentrations can lead to a reduction in the performance of the immune system functioning, representing a key contributor to unfavorable immunological states. This review provides a descriptive overview of the characteristics of the immune system and the utilization of micronutrients (vitamins and minerals) in preventative strategies designed to reduce morbidity and mortality among patients suffering from immune invasions or autoimmune disorders.
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19
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Abdelhamid L, Luo XM. Diet and Hygiene in Modulating Autoimmunity During the Pandemic Era. Front Immunol 2022; 12:749774. [PMID: 35069526 PMCID: PMC8766844 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.749774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system is an efficiently toned machinery that discriminates between friends and foes for achieving both host defense and homeostasis. Deviation of immune recognition from foreign to self and/or long-lasting inflammatory responses results in the breakdown of tolerance. Meanwhile, educating the immune system and developing immunological memory are crucial for mounting defensive immune responses while protecting against autoimmunity. Still to elucidate is how diverse environmental factors could shape autoimmunity. The emergence of a world pandemic such as SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) not only threatens the more vulnerable individuals including those with autoimmune conditions but also promotes an unprecedented shift in people's dietary approaches while urging for extraordinary hygiene measures that likely contribute to the development or exacerbation of autoimmunity. Thus, there is an urgent need to understand how environmental factors modulate systemic autoimmunity to better mitigate the incidence and or severity of COVID-19 among the more vulnerable populations. Here, we discuss the effects of diet (macronutrients and micronutrients) and hygiene (the use of disinfectants) on autoimmunity with a focus on systemic lupus erythematosus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Abdelhamid
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
- Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Xin M. Luo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
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20
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Schmitt AK, Puppa MA, Wessels I, Rink L. Vitamin D3 and zinc synergistically induce regulatory T cells and suppress interferon-γ production in mixed lymphocyte culture. J Nutr Biochem 2022; 102:108942. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.108942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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21
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Dai H, Wang L, Li L, Huang Z, Ye L. Metallothionein 1: A New Spotlight on Inflammatory Diseases. Front Immunol 2021; 12:739918. [PMID: 34804020 PMCID: PMC8602684 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.739918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
MT1 has been demonstrated to be an essential stress protein in maintaining physiological balance and regulating immune homeostasis. While the immunological involvement of MT1 in central nervous system disorders and cancer has been extensively investigated, mounting evidence suggests that MT1 has a broader role in inflammatory diseases and can shape innate and adaptive immunity. In this review, we will first summarize the biological features of MT1 and the regulators that influence MT1 expression, emphasizing metal, inflammation, and immunosuppressive factors. We will then focus on the immunoregulatory function of MT1 on diverse immune cells and the signaling pathways regulated by MT1. Finally, we will discuss recent advances in our knowledge of the biological role of MT1 in several inflammatory diseases to develop novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanying Dai
- Department of Immunology, International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Respiratory Medicine Department, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lingyun Li
- Department of Immunology, International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhong Huang
- Department of Immunology, International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liang Ye
- Department of Immunology, International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
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22
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Story MJ. Essential sufficiency of zinc, ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamin D and magnesium for prevention and treatment of COVID-19, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, lung diseases and cancer. Biochimie 2021; 187:94-109. [PMID: 34082041 PMCID: PMC8166046 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2021.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite the development of a number of vaccines for COVID-19, there remains a need for prevention and treatment of the virus SARS-CoV-2 and the ensuing disease COVID-19. This report discusses the key elements of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 that can be readily treated: viral entry, the immune system and inflammation, and the cytokine storm. It is shown that the essential nutrients zinc, ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), vitamin D and magnesium provide the ideal combination for prevention and treatment of COVID-19: prevention of SARS-CoV-2 entry to host cells, prevention of proliferation of SARS-CoV-2, inhibition of excessive inflammation, improved control of the regulation of the immune system, inhibition of the cytokine storm, and reduction in the effects of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and associated non-communicable diseases. It is emphasized that the non-communicable diseases associated with COVID-19 are inherently more prevalent in the elderly than the young, and that the maintenance of sufficiency of zinc, ω-3 PUFAs, vitamin D and magnesium is essential for the elderly to prevent the occurrence of non-communicable diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, lung diseases and cancer. Annual checking of levels of these essential nutrients is recommended for those over 65 years of age, together with appropriate adjustments in their intake, with these services and supplies being at government cost. The cost:benefit ratio would be huge as the cost of the nutrients and the testing of their levels would be very small compared with the cost savings of specialists and hospitalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Story
- Story Pharmaceutics Pty Ltd, PO Box 6086, Linden Park, South Australia, 5065, Australia.
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23
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Kim B, Kim HY, Lee WW. Zap70 Regulates TCR-Mediated Zip6 Activation at the Immunological Synapse. Front Immunol 2021; 12:687367. [PMID: 34394081 PMCID: PMC8358678 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.687367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The essential microelement zinc plays immunoregulatory roles via its ability to influence signaling pathways. Zinc deficiency impairs overall immune function and resultantly increases susceptibility to infection. Thus, zinc is considered as an immune-boosting supplement for populations with hypozincemia at high-risk for infection. Besides its role as a structural cofactor of many proteins, zinc also acts as an intracellular messenger in immune cell signaling. T-cell activation instructs zinc influx from extracellular and subcellular sources through the Zip6 and Zip8 zinc transporters, respectively. Increased cytoplasmic zinc participates in the regulation of T-cell responses by modifying activation signaling. However, the mechanism underlying the activation-dependent movement of zinc ions by Zip transporters in T cells remains elusive. Here, we demonstrate that Zip6, one of the most abundantly expressed Zip transporters in T cells, is mainly localized to lipid rafts in human T cells and is recruited into the immunological synapse in response to TCR stimulation. This was demonstrated through confocal imaging of the interaction between CD4+ T cells and antigen-presenting cells. Further, immunoprecipitation assays show that TCR triggering induces tyrosine phosphorylation of Zip6, which has at least three putative tyrosine motifs in its long cytoplasmic region, and this phosphorylation is coupled with its physical interaction with Zap70. Silencing Zip6 reduces zinc influx from extracellular sources and suppresses T-cell responses, suggesting an interaction between Zip6-mediated zinc influx and TCR activation. These results provide new insights into the mechanism through which Zip6-mediated zinc influx occurs in a TCR activation-dependent manner in human CD4+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonah Kim
- Laboratory of Autoimmunity and Inflammation (LAI), Department of Biomedical Sciences, BK21Plus Biomedical Science Project, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hee Young Kim
- Laboratory of Autoimmunity and Inflammation (LAI), Department of Biomedical Sciences, BK21Plus Biomedical Science Project, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute of Infectious Diseases, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Won-Woo Lee
- Laboratory of Autoimmunity and Inflammation (LAI), Department of Biomedical Sciences, BK21Plus Biomedical Science Project, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute of Infectious Diseases, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Cancer Research Institute and Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, South Korea
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Aziz J, Rahman MT, Vaithilingam RD. Dysregulation of metallothionein and zinc aggravates periodontal diseases. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2021; 66:126754. [PMID: 33831799 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2021.126754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periodontitis (PD) is a multifaceted inflammatory disease connected to bacterial infection that results in the destruction of tooth supporting structures and eventually tooth loss. Given their involvement in infection and inflammation, both metallothionein (MT) and zinc (Zn) might play vital roles in the development and progression of PD. More specifically, both MT and Zn are heavily involved in regulating immune functions, controlling bacterial infection, balancing inflammatory responses, and reducing oxidative stress, all of which are associated with the pathogenesis of PD. OBJECTIVE This review paper will explore the physiological functions of MT and Zn and hypothesise how dysregulation could negatively affect periodontal health, leading to PD. FINDINGS Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) derived from periodontal pathogens, namely P. gingivalis initiates the acute phase response, thus upregulating the expression of MT which leads to the subsequent deficiency of Zn, a hallmark of periodontal disease. This deficiency leads to ineffective NETosis, increases the permeability of the gingival epithelium, and disrupts the humoral immune response, collectively contributing to PD. In addition, the presence of LPS in Zn deficient conditions favours M1 macrophage polarisation and maturation of dendritic cells, and also inhibits the anti-inflammatory activity of regulatory T cells. Collectively, these observations could theoretically give rise to the chronic inflammation seen in PD. CONCLUSION A disrupted MT and Zn homeostasis is expected to exert an adverse impact on periodontal health and contribute to the development and progression of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jazli Aziz
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia; Dept. of Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
| | | | - Rathna Devi Vaithilingam
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
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25
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Ríos-Ríos WDJ, Sosa-Luis SA, Torres-Aguilar H. Current advances in using tolerogenic dendritic cells as a therapeutic alternative in the treatment of type 1 diabetes. World J Diabetes 2021; 12:603-615. [PMID: 33995848 PMCID: PMC8107985 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v12.i5.603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease characterized by the destruction of insulin-producing β-cells of the pancreatic islets by autoreactive T cells, leading to high blood glucose levels and severe long-term complications. The typical treatment indicated in T1D is exogenous insulin administration, which controls glucose levels; however, it does not stop the autoimmune process. Various strategies have been implemented aimed at stopping β-cell destruction, such as cellular therapy. Dendritic cells (DCs) as an alternative in cellular therapy have gained great interest for autoimmune disease therapy due to their plasticity to acquire immunoregulatory properties both in vivo and in vitro, performing functions such as anti-inflammatory cytokine secretion and suppression of autoreactive lymphocytes, which are dependent of their tolerogenic phenotype, displayed by features such as semimature phenotype, low surface expression of stimulatory molecules to prime T cells, as well as the elevated expression of inhibitory markers. DCs may be obtained and propagated easily in optimal amounts from peripheral blood or bone marrow precursors, such as monocytes or hematopoietic stem cells, respectively; therefore, various protocols have been established for tolerogenic (tol)DCs manufacturing for therapeutic research in the treatment of T1D. In this review, we address the current advances in the use of tolDCs for T1D therapy, encompassing protocols for their manufacturing, the data obtained from preclinical studies carried out, and the status of clinical research evaluating the safety, feasibility, and effectiveness of tolDCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- William de Jesús Ríos-Ríos
- Department of Biochemical Sciences Faculty, Universidad Autónoma “Benito Juárez” de Oaxaca, Oaxaca 68120, Mexico
| | - Sorely Adelina Sosa-Luis
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
| | - Honorio Torres-Aguilar
- Department of Biochemical Sciences Faculty, Universidad Autónoma “Benito Juárez” de Oaxaca, Oaxaca 68120, Mexico
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Seki Y, Ishizawa K, Akaishi T, Abe M, Okamoto K, Tanaka J, Arita R, Takayama S, Kikuchi A, Miyazaki M, Harigae H, Sato M, Hoshi M, Hatsugai K, Ishii T. Retrospective study revealed that Zn relate to improvement of swallowing function in the older adults. BMC Geriatr 2021; 21:279. [PMID: 33902471 PMCID: PMC8075009 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-021-02224-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Zinc is an essential micronutrient for maintaining biological activity. The level of zinc in the blood is known to decrease with age, especially in those over 75 years of age. In older adults patients with impaired functional status, aspiration pneumonia based on dysphagia often becomes problematic. However, the relationship between zinc deficiency and swallowing function has not been studied before. Methods A total of 52 older adults subjects (15 males and 37 females) living in a nursing home were enrolled for this study. At the time of enrollment, data of gender, age, body weight, serum zinc levels, serum albumin levels, and the time in a simple 2-step swallowing provocation test (S-SPT) were collected. In patients with serum zinc levels < 60 μg/dL, we initiated 2 months of oral zinc supplementation therapy with a 34 mg/day zinc load. Those who underwent zinc supplementation were re-evaluated after the treatment period and serum zinc levels and S-SPT time were measured. Results At the time of enrollment, serum zinc level was significantly correlated with serum albumin levels (Pearson’s R = 0.58, p < 0.0001) and time in the S-SPT (Spearman’s rho = − 0.32, p = 0.0219). Twenty-five of the 52 patients had zinc deficiency with a serum zinc level < 60 μg/dL. After 2 months of oral zinc supplementation, both serum zinc levels (p < 0.0001) and time in the S-SPT (p = 0.04) significantly improved. Meanwhile, serum albumin level (p = 0.48) or body weight (p = 0.07) did not significantly change following zinc supplementation. Zinc supplementation significantly improved swallowing function, especially in the older adults who had comorbid dysphagia and zinc deficiency. Conclusions Zinc deficiency is associated with compromised swallowing function in older adults patients with impaired general functions. Oral zinc supplementation can alleviate dysphagia in older adults patients with zinc deficiency even though this is a retrospective study. Further study will be needed to confirm this positive effect. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12877-021-02224-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumika Seki
- Department of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Vascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Miyagi, Japan.,Minamisanriku Hospital, 14-3, Numata Shizugawa Minamisanrikucho, Motoyoshigun, 986-0782, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Kota Ishizawa
- Department of Education and Support for Regional Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, 1-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan. .,Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1, Seryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8573, Miyagi, Japan.
| | - Tetsuya Akaishi
- Department of Education and Support for Regional Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, 1-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan.,Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1, Seryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8573, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Michiaki Abe
- Department of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Vascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Miyagi, Japan.,Department of Education and Support for Regional Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, 1-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan.,Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1, Seryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8573, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Koji Okamoto
- Department of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Vascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Miyagi, Japan.,Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1, Seryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8573, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Junichi Tanaka
- Department of Education and Support for Regional Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, 1-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Arita
- Department of Education and Support for Regional Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, 1-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Shin Takayama
- Department of Education and Support for Regional Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, 1-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Akiko Kikuchi
- Department of Education and Support for Regional Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, 1-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Mariko Miyazaki
- Department of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Vascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Hideo Harigae
- Department of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Vascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Miyagi, Japan.,Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Mayumi Sato
- Jikeien, Special Nursing Home for the Elderly, Social Welfare Corporation, 159-2, Doujishita, Iriyaaza, Minamisanrikucho, Motoyoshigun, 986-0782, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Masaya Hoshi
- Jikeien, Special Nursing Home for the Elderly, Social Welfare Corporation, 159-2, Doujishita, Iriyaaza, Minamisanrikucho, Motoyoshigun, 986-0782, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Hatsugai
- Minamisanriku Hospital, 14-3, Numata Shizugawa Minamisanrikucho, Motoyoshigun, 986-0782, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Tadashi Ishii
- Department of Education and Support for Regional Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, 1-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan.,Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1, Seryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8573, Miyagi, Japan
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27
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Impact of Zinc, Glutathione, and Polyphenols as Antioxidants in the Immune Response against SARS-CoV-2. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9030506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2, the coronavirus triggering the disease COVID-19, has a catastrophic health and socioeconomic impact at a global scale. Three key factors contribute to the pathogenesis of COVID-19: excessive inflammation, immune system depression/inhibition, and a set of proinflammatory cytokines. Common to these factors, a central function of oxidative stress has been highlighted. A diversity of clinical trials focused predominantly on antioxidants are being implemented as potential therapies for COVID-19. In this study, we look at the role of zinc, glutathione, and polyphenols, as key antioxidants of possible medicinal or nutritional significance, and examine their role in the antiviral immune response induced by SARS-Cov-2. An unresolved question is why some people experience chronic COVID and others do not. Understanding the relationship between SARS-CoV-2 and the immune system, as well as the role of defective immune responses to disease development, would be essential to recognize the pathogenesis of COVID-19, the risk factors that affect the harmful consequences of the disease, and the rational design of successful therapies and vaccinations. We expect that our research will provide a novel perspective that contributes to the design of clinical or nutritional targets for the prevention of this pandemic.
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Zinc and Cadmium in the Aetiology and Pathogenesis of Osteoarthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis. Nutrients 2020; 13:nu13010053. [PMID: 33375344 PMCID: PMC7824316 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are inflammatory articular conditions with different aetiology, but both result in joint damage. The nutritionally essential metal zinc (Zn2+) and the non-essential metal cadmium (Cd2+) have roles in these arthritic diseases as effectors of the immune system, inflammation, and metabolism. Despite both metal ions being redox-inert in biology, they affect the redox balance. It has been known for decades that zinc decreases in the blood of RA patients. It is largely unknown, however, whether this change is only a manifestation of an acute phase response in inflammation or relates to altered availability of zinc in tissues and consequently requires changes of zinc in the diet. As a cofactor in over 3000 human proteins and as a signaling ion, zinc affects many pathways relevant for arthritic disease. How it affects the diseases is not just a question of zinc status, but also an issue of mutations in the many proteins that maintain cellular zinc homoeostasis, such as zinc transporters of the ZIP (Zrt-/Irt-like protein) and ZnT families and metallothioneins, and the multiple pathways that change the expression of these proteins. Cadmium interferes with zinc's functions and there is increased uptake under zinc deficiency. Remarkably, cadmium exposure through inhalation is now recognized in the activation of macrophages to a pro-inflammatory state and suggested as a trigger of a specific form of nodular RA. Here, we discuss how these metal ions participate in the genetic, metabolic, and environmental factors that lead to joint destruction. We conclude that both metal ions should be monitored routinely in arthritic disease and that there is untapped potential for prognosis and treatment.
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29
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Wessels I, Fischer HJ, Rink L. Update on the multi-layered levels of zinc-mediated immune regulation. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 115:62-69. [PMID: 33323322 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The significance of zinc for an efficient immune response is well accepted. During zinc deficiency, an increase in the myeloid to lymphoid immune cells ratio was observed. This results in a disturbed balance of pro- and anti-inflammatory processes as well as defects in tolerance during infections. Consequently, instead of efficiently defending the body against invading pathogens, damage of host cells is frequently observed. This explains the increased susceptibility to infections and their severe progression observed for zinc deficient individuals as well as the association of autoimmune diseases with low serum zinc levels. Together with the advances in techniques for investigating cellular development, communication and intracellular metabolism, our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the benefits of zinc for human health and the detriments of zinc deficiency has much improved. As analyses of the zinc status and effects of zinc supplementation were more frequently included into clinical studies, our knowledge of the association of zinc deficiency to a variety of diseases was strongly improved. Still there are several areas in zinc biology that require further in-depth investigation such as the interaction with other nutritional elements, the direct association between zinc transportation, membrane-structure, receptors, and signaling as well as its role in cell degeneration. This article will describe our current understanding of the role of zinc during the immune response focusing on the most recent findings and underlying mechanisms. Research questions that need to be addressed in the future will be discussed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga Wessels
- Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Henrike J Fischer
- Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Lothar Rink
- Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
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30
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Story MJ. Zinc, ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamin D: An essential combination for prevention and treatment of cancers. Biochimie 2020; 181:100-122. [PMID: 33307154 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Zinc, ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and vitamin D are essential nutrients for health, maturation and general wellbeing. Extensive literature searches have revealed the widespread similarity in molecular biological properties of zinc, ω-3 PUFAs and vitamin D, and their similar anti-cancer properties, even though they have different modes of action. These three nutrients are separately essential for good health, especially in the aged. Zinc, ω-3 PUFAs and vitamin D are inexpensive and safe as they are fundamentally natural and have the properties of correcting and inhibiting undesirable actions without disturbing the normal functions of cells or their extracellular environment. This review of the anticancer properties of zinc, ω-3 PUFAs and vitamin D is made in the context of the hallmarks of cancer. The anticancer properties of zinc, ω-3 PUFAs and vitamin D can therefore be used beneficially through combined treatment or supplementation. It is proposed that sufficiency of zinc, ω-3 PUFAs and vitamin D is a necessary requirement during chemotherapy treatment and that clinical trials can have questionable integrity if this sufficiency is not checked and maintained during efficacy trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Story
- Story Pharmaceutics Pty Ltd, PO Box 6086, Linden Park, South Australia, 5065, Australia.
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31
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Marinkovic D, Marinkovic T. The new role for an old guy: MYC as an immunoplayer. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:3234-3243. [PMID: 33094851 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
As an oncogene, myelocytomatosis oncogene (MYC) is implicated in the concept of "oncogene addiction," where switching off the oncogene leads to the cell cycle arrest and cell differentiation. However, recent data suggest that MYC also controls the establishment of the tumour microenvironment and that "oncogene addiction" actually has a strong immune background. Evaluation of the MYC role in the immunoediting process led to the speculation that cancer just uses and distorts the physiological mechanism by which MYC normally prevents rapidly proliferating cells from the elicitation of an autoimmune response. Concordantly, elevated levels of MYC and induction of immunosuppressive molecules are observed during the processes of growth and development, tissue repair, placenta development, and so forth, implying that MYC may be involved in saving regular physiologically proliferating cells from the immune system attack. Even more, a growing body of evidence suggests MYC involvement in the shaping of the adaptive immune response, immunological memory development, and establishment of immunotolerance. This paper offers an overview of MYC actions in the context of modulation of the immune response in pathological and physiological conditions. The determination of such a new role for a well-known oncogene opens new perspectives in biomedicine, and consequently, in the treatment of various pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragan Marinkovic
- Faculty of Special Education and Rehabilitation, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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32
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Tang MS, Miraldi ER, Girgis NM, Bonneau RA, Loke P. Alternative Activation of Macrophages Is Accompanied by Chromatin Remodeling Associated with Lineage-Dependent DNA Shape Features Flanking PU.1 Motifs. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 205:1070-1083. [PMID: 32661179 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
IL-4 activates macrophages to adopt distinct phenotypes associated with clearance of helminth infections and tissue repair, but the phenotype depends on the cellular lineage of these macrophages. The molecular basis of chromatin remodeling in response to IL-4 stimulation in tissue-resident and monocyte-derived macrophages is not understood. In this study, we find that IL-4 activation of different lineages of peritoneal macrophages in mice is accompanied by lineage-specific chromatin remodeling in regions enriched with binding motifs of the pioneer transcription factor PU.1. PU.1 motif is similarly associated with both tissue-resident and monocyte-derived IL-4-induced accessible regions but has different lineage-specific DNA shape features and predicted cofactors. Mutation studies based on natural genetic variation between C57BL/6 and BALB/c mouse strains indicate that accessibility of these IL-4-induced regions can be regulated through differences in DNA shape without direct disruption of PU.1 motifs. We propose a model whereby DNA shape features of stimulation-dependent genomic elements contribute to differences in the accessible chromatin landscape of alternatively activated macrophages on different genetic backgrounds that may contribute to phenotypic variations in immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei San Tang
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
| | - Emily R Miraldi
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229.,Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267
| | - Natasha M Girgis
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
| | - Richard A Bonneau
- Department of Biology, Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, New York, NY 10003.,Simons Center for Data Analysis, Simons Foundation, New York, NY 10011; and
| | - P'ng Loke
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016; .,Simons Center for Data Analysis, Simons Foundation, New York, NY 10011; and.,Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814
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Schuhladen K, Stich L, Schmidt J, Steinkasserer A, Boccaccini AR, Zinser E. Cu, Zn doped borate bioactive glasses: antibacterial efficacy and dose-dependent in vitro modulation of murine dendritic cells. Biomater Sci 2020; 8:2143-2155. [PMID: 32248211 DOI: 10.1039/c9bm01691k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Among emerging biomaterials, bioactive glasses (BGs) are being widely explored for various applications in tissue engineering. However, the effects of BGs (in particular BG ionic dissolution products) on immune cells and specifically on dendritic cells (DCs), which are the most potent antigen-presenting cells of the immune system, have not been previously investigated in detail. Such interactions between BGs and DCs must be assessed as a novel biocompatibility criterion for biomaterials, since, with the increased application possibilities of BGs, the modulation of the immune system may induce potential complications and undesired side effects. Indeed, the effects of BG exposure on specific immune cells are not well understood. Thus, in this study we investigated, for the first time, the effect of borate BGs doped with biologically active ions on specific immune cells, such as DCs and we further investigated the antibacterial properties of these borate BGs. The compositions of the borate BGs (B3) were based on the well-known 13-93 (silicate) composition by replacing silica with boron trioxide and by adding copper (3 wt%) and/or zinc (1 wt%). By performing an agar diffusion test, the antibacterial effect depending on the compositions of the borate BGs could be proved. Furthermore we found a dose-dependent immune modulation of DCs after treatment with borate BGs, especially when the borate BGs contained Zn and/or Cu. Depending on the ion concentration and the rise in pH, the phenotype and function of DCs were modified. While at low doses B3 and Zn-doped B3 BGs had no impact on DC viability, Cu containing BGs strongly affected cell viability. Furthermore, the surface expression of DC-specific activation markers, such as the major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-II, CD86 and CD80, was modulated. In addition, also DC mediated T-cell proliferation was remarkably reduced when treated with high doses of B3-Cu and B3-Cu-Zn BGs. Interestingly, the release of inflammatory cytokines increased after incubation with B3 and B3-Zn BGs compared to mock-treated DCs. Considering the essential role of DCs in the modulation and regulation of immune responses, these findings provide first evidence of phenotypic and functional consequences regarding the exposure of DCs to BGs in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Schuhladen
- Institute of Biomaterials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
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Lee SC, Tang MS, Easton AV, Devlin JC, Chua LL, Cho I, Moy FM, Khang TF, Lim YAL, Loke P. Linking the effects of helminth infection, diet and the gut microbiota with human whole-blood signatures. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1008066. [PMID: 31841569 PMCID: PMC6913942 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Helminth infection and dietary intake can affect the intestinal microbiota, as well as the immune system. Here we analyzed the relationship between fecal microbiota and blood profiles of indigenous Malaysians, referred to locally as Orang Asli, in comparison to urban participants from the capital city of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur. We found that helminth infections had a larger effect on gut microbial composition than did dietary intake or blood profiles. Trichuris trichiura infection intensity also had the strongest association with blood transcriptional profiles. By characterizing paired longitudinal samples collected before and after deworming treatment, we determined that changes in serum zinc and iron levels among the Orang Asli were driven by changes in helminth infection status, independent of dietary metal intake. Serum zinc and iron levels were associated with changes in the abundance of several microbial taxa. Hence, there is considerable interplay between helminths, micronutrients and the microbiota on the regulation of immune responses in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Ching Lee
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Centre of Excellence for Research in AIDS (CERiA), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- * E-mail: (SCL); (YALL); (PL)
| | - Mei San Tang
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Alice V. Easton
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Joseph Cooper Devlin
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Ling Ling Chua
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ilseung Cho
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Foong Ming Moy
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Tsung Fei Khang
- University of Malaya Centre for Data Analytics, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Institute of Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yvonne A. L. Lim
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Centre of Excellence for Research in AIDS (CERiA), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- * E-mail: (SCL); (YALL); (PL)
| | - P’ng Loke
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SCL); (YALL); (PL)
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35
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Wessels I, Rink L. Micronutrients in autoimmune diseases: possible therapeutic benefits of zinc and vitamin D. J Nutr Biochem 2019; 77:108240. [PMID: 31841960 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2019.108240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A functional immune system is essential for healthy life. This is achieved by the coordinate activation and interaction of different immune cells. One should be aware that activation of the immune response is as important as its deactivation when the pathogens are cleared, as otherwise host tissue can be damaged up to life-threatening levels. Autoimmune diseases (AID) represent a phenomenon of immune cells attacking host cells and tissue. Five to eight percent of the world's population are currently affected by 80-100 AID. In recent years, the incidence has been constantly increasing, reaching alarmingly high numbers particularly for type 1 diabetes mellitus, Crohn's disease, rheumatoid arthritis, Sjogren's syndrome and multiple sclerosis. This indicates a higher societal burden of AID for the future. This article provides an overview of general concepts of triggers and underlying mechanisms leading to self-destruction. Lately, several original concepts of disease etiology were revised, and there is a variety of hypotheses on triggers, underlying mechanisms and preventive actions. This article concentrates on the importance of nutrition, especially zinc and vitamin D, for balancing the immune function. Homespun nutritional remedies seem to reenter today's therapeutic strategies. Current treatment approaches are largely symptomatic or suppress the immune system. However, recent studies reveal significant benefits of nutrition-related therapeutic approaches including prevention and treatment of established disease, which offer a cost-efficient and trigger-unspecific alternative addressing balancing rather than suppression of the immune system. Zinc and vitamin D are currently the best studied and most promising candidates for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga Wessels
- Institute of Immunology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Lothar Rink
- Institute of Immunology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany.
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36
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Gilbert R, Peto T, Lengyel I, Emri E. Zinc Nutrition and Inflammation in the Aging Retina. Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 63:e1801049. [PMID: 31148351 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201801049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Zinc is an essential nutrient for human health. It plays key roles in maintaining protein structure and stability, serves as catalytic factor for many enzymes, and regulates diverse fundamental cellular processes. Zinc is important in affecting signal transduction and, in particular, in the development and integrity of the immune system, where it affects both innate and adaptive immune responses. The eye, especially the retina-choroid complex, has an unusually high concentration of zinc compared to other tissues. The highest amount of zinc is concentrated in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) (RPE-choroid, 292 ± 98.5 µg g-1 dry tissue), followed by the retina (123 ± 62.2 µg g-1 dry tissue). The interplay between zinc and inflammation has been explored in other parts of the body but, so far, has not been extensively researched in the eye. Several lines of evidence suggest that ocular zinc concentration decreases with age, especially in the context of age-related disease. Thus, a hypothesis that retinal function could be modulated by zinc nutrition is proposed, and subsequently trialled clinically. In this review, the distribution and the potential role of zinc in the retina-choroid complex is outlined, especially in relation to inflammation and immunity, and the clinical studies to date are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosie Gilbert
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, City Road, London, EC1V 2PD, UK.,UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, Bath Street, London, EC1V 2EL, UK
| | - Tunde Peto
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, Ireland
| | - Imre Lengyel
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, Bath Street, London, EC1V 2EL, UK.,School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, Ireland
| | - Eszter Emri
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, Ireland
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37
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García-González PA, Maggi J, Schinnerling K, Sepúlveda-Gutiérrez A, Soto L, Neira O, Mehdi AM, Nel HJ, Pesce B, Aravena O, Molina MC, Catalán D, Thomas R, Verdugo RA, Aguillón JC. Regulation of Tolerogenic Features on Dexamethasone-Modulated MPLA-Activated Dendritic Cells by MYC. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1171. [PMID: 31191540 PMCID: PMC6547838 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The potential of tolerogenic dendritic cells (tolDCs) to shape immune responses and restore tolerance has turn them into a promising therapeutic tool for cellular therapies directed toward immune regulation in autoimmunity. Although the cellular mechanisms by which these cells can exert their regulatory function are well-known, the mechanisms driving their differentiation and function are still poorly known, and the variety of stimuli and protocols applied to differentiate DCs toward a tolerogenic phenotype makes it even more complex to underpin the molecular features involved in their function. Through transcriptional profiling analysis of monocyte-derived tolDCs modulated with dexamethasone (Dex) and activated with monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA), known as DM-DCs, we were able to identify MYC as one of the transcriptional regulators of several genes differentially expressed on DM-DCs compared to MPLA-matured DCs (M-DCs) and untreated/immature DCs (DCs) as revealed by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) upstream regulators evaluation. Additionally, MYC was also amidst the most upregulated genes in DM-DCs, finding that was confirmed at a transcriptional as well as at a protein level. Blockade of transactivation of MYC target genes led to the downregulation of tolerance-related markers IDO1 and JAG1. MYC blockade also led to downregulation of PLZF and STAT3, transcription factors associated with immune regulation and inhibition of DC maturation, further supporting a role of MYC as an upstream regulator contributing to the regulatory phenotype of DM-DCs. On the other hand, we had previously shown that fatty acid oxidation, oxidative metabolism and zinc homeostasis are amongst the main biological functions represented in DM-DCs, and here we show that DM-DCs exhibit higher intracellular expression of ROS and Zinc compared to mature M-DCs and DCs. Taken together, these findings suggest that the regulatory profile of DM-DCs is partly shaped by the effect of the transcriptional regulation of tolerance-inducing genes by MYC and the modulation of oxidative metabolic processes and signaling mediators such as Zinc and ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina A García-González
- Programa Disciplinario de Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jaxaira Maggi
- Programa Disciplinario de Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Katina Schinnerling
- Programa Disciplinario de Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Lilian Soto
- Programa Disciplinario de Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Unidad de Dolor, Departamento de Medicina, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Oscar Neira
- Sección de Reumatología, Hospital del Salvador, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ahmed M Mehdi
- Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Hendrik J Nel
- Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Bárbara Pesce
- MED.UCHILE-FACS Laboratorio, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Octavio Aravena
- Programa Disciplinario de Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - María Carmen Molina
- Programa Disciplinario de Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Diego Catalán
- Programa Disciplinario de Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ranjeny Thomas
- Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Ricardo A Verdugo
- Programa de Genética Humana, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan Carlos Aguillón
- Programa Disciplinario de Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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38
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Silymarin Restores Regulatory T Cells (Tregs) Function in Multiple Sclerosis (MS) Patients In Vitro. Inflammation 2019; 42:1203-1214. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-019-00980-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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39
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van der Putten C, Veth J, Sukurova L, Zuiderwijk-Sick EA, Simonetti E, Koenen HJPM, Burm SM, van Noort JM, IJzerman AP, van Hijum SAFT, Diavatopoulos D, Bajramovic JJ. TLR-Induced IL-12 and CCL2 Production by Myeloid Cells Is Dependent on Adenosine A 3 Receptor-Mediated Signaling. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 202:2421-2430. [PMID: 30804043 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
TLR-induced signaling potently activates cells of the innate immune system and is subject to regulation at different levels. Inflammatory conditions are associated with increased levels of extracellular adenosine, which can modulate TLR-induced production of cytokines through adenosine receptor-mediated signaling. There are four adenosine receptor subtypes that induce different signaling cascades. In this study, we demonstrate a pivotal contribution of adenosine A3 receptor (A3R)-mediated signaling to the TLR4-induced expression of IL-12 in different types of human myeloid APC. In dendritic cells, IL-12 and CCL2 responses as evoked by TLR2, 3, 4, 5, and 8, as well as IL-12 responses evoked by whole pathogens, were all reduced when A3R-mediated signaling was blocked. As a result, concomitant production of IFN-γ and IL-17 by T cells was significantly inhibited. We further show that selective inhibition of A3R-mediated signaling reduced TLR-induced phosphorylation of the transcription factor STAT1 at tyrosine 701. Next-generation sequencing revealed that A3R-mediated signaling controls the expression of metallothioneins, known inhibitors of STAT1 phosphorylation. Together our results reveal a novel regulatory layer of innate immune responses, with a central role for metallothioneins and autocrine/paracrine signaling via A3Rs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline van der Putten
- Alternatives Unit, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, 2288 GJ Rijswijk, the Netherlands
| | - Jennifer Veth
- Alternatives Unit, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, 2288 GJ Rijswijk, the Netherlands
| | - Lejla Sukurova
- Alternatives Unit, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, 2288 GJ Rijswijk, the Netherlands
| | - Ella A Zuiderwijk-Sick
- Alternatives Unit, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, 2288 GJ Rijswijk, the Netherlands
| | - Elles Simonetti
- Laboratory of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Radboud Centre for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Hans J P M Koenen
- Laboratory of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Radboud Centre for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Saskia M Burm
- Alternatives Unit, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, 2288 GJ Rijswijk, the Netherlands
| | | | - Ad P IJzerman
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, 2333 CC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Sacha A F T van Hijum
- Bacterial (Meta)genomics, Centre for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands; and.,NIZO, 6718 ZB Ede, the Netherlands
| | - Dimitri Diavatopoulos
- Laboratory of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Radboud Centre for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Jeffrey J Bajramovic
- Alternatives Unit, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, 2288 GJ Rijswijk, the Netherlands;
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40
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Wu D, Lewis ED, Pae M, Meydani SN. Nutritional Modulation of Immune Function: Analysis of Evidence, Mechanisms, and Clinical Relevance. Front Immunol 2019; 9:3160. [PMID: 30697214 PMCID: PMC6340979 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.03160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well-established that the nutritional deficiency or inadequacy can impair immune functions. Growing evidence suggests that for certain nutrients increased intake above currently recommended levels may help optimize immune functions including improving defense function and thus resistance to infection, while maintaining tolerance. This review will examine the data representing the research on prominent intervention agents n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), micronutrients (zinc, vitamins D and E), and functional foods including probiotics and tea components for their immunological effects, working mechanisms, and clinical relevance. Many of these nutritive and non-nutritive food components are related in their functions to maintain or improve immune function including inhibition of pro-inflammatory mediators, promotion of anti-inflammatory functions, modulation of cell-mediated immunity, alteration of antigen-presenting cell functions, and communication between the innate and adaptive immune systems. Both animal and human studies present promising findings suggesting a clinical benefit of vitamin D, n-3 PUFA, and green tea catechin EGCG in autoimmune and inflammatory disorders, and vitamin D, vitamin E, zinc, and probiotics in reduction of infection. However, many studies report divergent and discrepant results/conclusions due to various factors. Chief among them, and thus call for attention, includes more standardized trial designs, better characterized populations, greater consideration for the intervention doses used, and more meaningful outcome measurements chosen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayong Wu
- Nutritional Immunology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Erin D Lewis
- Nutritional Immunology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Munyong Pae
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Simin Nikbin Meydani
- Nutritional Immunology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
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41
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Englinger B, Pirker C, Heffeter P, Terenzi A, Kowol CR, Keppler BK, Berger W. Metal Drugs and the Anticancer Immune Response. Chem Rev 2018; 119:1519-1624. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Englinger
- Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christine Pirker
- Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Petra Heffeter
- Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
- Research Cluster “Translational Cancer Therapy Research”, University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alessio Terenzi
- Research Cluster “Translational Cancer Therapy Research”, University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian R. Kowol
- Research Cluster “Translational Cancer Therapy Research”, University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard K. Keppler
- Research Cluster “Translational Cancer Therapy Research”, University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Walter Berger
- Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
- Research Cluster “Translational Cancer Therapy Research”, University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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42
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Wang MX, Zhao JX, Meng YJ, Di TT, Xu XL, Xie XJ, Lin Y, Zhang L, Wang N, Li P, Wang Y. Acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid inhibits the secretion of cytokines by dendritic cells via the TLR7/8 pathway in an imiquimod-induced psoriasis mouse model and in vitro. Life Sci 2018; 207:90-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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43
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Choera T, Zelante T, Romani L, Keller NP. A Multifaceted Role of Tryptophan Metabolism and Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase Activity in Aspergillus fumigatus-Host Interactions. Front Immunol 2018; 8:1996. [PMID: 29403477 PMCID: PMC5786828 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus fumigatus is the most prevalent filamentous fungal pathogen of humans, causing either severe allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis or often fatal invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) in individuals with hyper- or hypo-immune deficiencies, respectively. Disease is primarily initiated upon the inhalation of the ubiquitous airborne conidia—the initial inoculum produced by A. fumigatus—which are complete developmental units with an ability to exploit diverse environments, ranging from agricultural composts to animal lungs. Upon infection, conidia initially rely on their own metabolic processes for survival in the host’s lungs, a nutritionally limiting environment. One such nutritional limitation is the availability of aromatic amino acids (AAAs) as animals lack the enzymes to synthesize tryptophan (Trp) and phenylalanine and only produce tyrosine from dietary phenylalanine. However, A. fumigatus produces all three AAAs through the shikimate–chorismate pathway, where they play a critical role in fungal growth and development and in yielding many downstream metabolites. The downstream metabolites of Trp in A. fumigatus include the immunomodulatory kynurenine derived from indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and toxins such as fumiquinazolines, gliotoxin, and fumitremorgins. Host IDO activity and/or host/microbe-derived kynurenines are increasingly correlated with many Aspergillus diseases including IPA and infections of chronic granulomatous disease patients. In this review, we will describe the potential metabolic cross talk between the host and the pathogen, specifically focusing on Trp metabolism, the implications for therapeutics, and the recent studies on the coevolution of host and microbe IDO activation in regulating inflammation, while controlling infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsokyi Choera
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Teresa Zelante
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Luigina Romani
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Nancy P Keller
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States.,Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
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44
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Yuan X, Wang J, Cheng M, Zhang X. Mouse β-defensin-14 for inducing the maturation of dendritic cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2017; 55:133-141. [PMID: 29253819 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND β-defensins are an excellent antimicrobial peptide against microbial infection in which dendritic cells (DCs) play a crucial role by improving the innate and adaptive immune defense. However, it is unclear whether BDs affect DC maturation. This work aimed to study the effects of mouse β-defensin-14 (MBD-14) on DC maturation. METHODS Via in vitro using mouse bone marrow DCs, the maturation of DCs was evaluated by cell morphological staining, flow cytometry, endocytosis assay, and allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction, respectively. And it was also assessed by in vivo establishing a mouse air-pouch model for flow cytometric determination, cytokine analysis, and histological staining. Additionally, CLI-095, an inhibitor of Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4), was used to determine whether TLR-4 is possibly involved in DC maturation. RESULTS It was found MBD-14 promoted DCs to form more filopodia and lamellipodia, increased the expression of DC maturation markers (CD40 and MHC-II), decreased their endocytic capacity, and enhanced T-cell proliferation. The analyses of the air-pouch exudates were consistent with the in vitro results of MBD-14 activating DCs. And when CLI-095 was applied, DC maturation was inhibited partly. CONCLUSIONS This work demonstrates that MBD-14 can promote the maturation of DCs in which TLR-4 is possibly involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangwei Yuan
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Jiaxing Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Mengqi Cheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Xianlong Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, China.
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45
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Wessels I, Maywald M, Rink L. Zinc as a Gatekeeper of Immune Function. Nutrients 2017; 9:E1286. [PMID: 29186856 PMCID: PMC5748737 DOI: 10.3390/nu9121286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 362] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
After the discovery of zinc deficiency in the 1960s, it soon became clear that zinc is essential for the function of the immune system. Zinc ions are involved in regulating intracellular signaling pathways in innate and adaptive immune cells. Zinc homeostasis is largely controlled via the expression and action of zinc "importers" (ZIP 1-14), zinc "exporters" (ZnT 1-10), and zinc-binding proteins. Anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties of zinc have long been documented, however, underlying mechanisms are still not entirely clear. Here, we report molecular mechanisms underlying the development of a pro-inflammatory phenotype during zinc deficiency. Furthermore, we describe links between altered zinc homeostasis and disease development. Consequently, the benefits of zinc supplementation for a malfunctioning immune system become clear. This article will focus on underlying mechanisms responsible for the regulation of cellular signaling by alterations in zinc homeostasis. Effects of fast zinc flux, intermediate "zinc waves", and late homeostatic zinc signals will be discriminated. Description of zinc homeostasis-related effects on the activation of key signaling molecules, as well as on epigenetic modifications, are included to emphasize the role of zinc as a gatekeeper of immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga Wessels
- Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Martina Maywald
- Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Lothar Rink
- Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
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46
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Metallothioneins: Emerging Modulators in Immunity and Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18102197. [PMID: 29065550 PMCID: PMC5666878 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18102197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Metallothioneins (MTs) are a family of metal-binding proteins virtually expressed in all organisms including prokaryotes, lower eukaryotes, invertebrates and mammals. These proteins regulate homeostasis of zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu), mitigate heavy metal poisoning, and alleviate superoxide stress. In recent years, MTs have emerged as an important, yet largely underappreciated, component of the immune system. Innate and adaptive immune cells regulate MTs in response to stress stimuli, cytokine signals and microbial challenge. Modulation of MTs in these cells in turn regulates metal ion release, transport and distribution, cellular redox status, enzyme function and cell signaling. While it is well established that the host strictly regulates availability of metal ions during microbial pathogenesis, we are only recently beginning to unravel the interplay between metal-regulatory pathways and immunological defenses. In this perspective, investigation of mechanisms that leverage the potential of MTs to orchestrate inflammatory responses and antimicrobial defenses has gained momentum. The purpose of this review, therefore, is to illumine the role of MTs in immune regulation. We discuss the mechanisms of MT induction and signaling in immune cells and explore the therapeutic potential of the MT-Zn axis in bolstering immune defenses against pathogens.
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47
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García-González PA, Schinnerling K, Sepúlveda-Gutiérrez A, Maggi J, Mehdi AM, Nel HJ, Pesce B, Larrondo ML, Aravena O, Molina MC, Catalán D, Thomas R, Verdugo RA, Aguillón JC. Dexamethasone and Monophosphoryl Lipid A Induce a Distinctive Profile on Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells through Transcriptional Modulation of Genes Associated With Essential Processes of the Immune Response. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1350. [PMID: 29109727 PMCID: PMC5660598 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
There is growing interest in the use of tolerogenic dendritic cells (tolDCs) as a potential target for immunotherapy. However, the molecular bases that drive the differentiation of monocyte-derived DCs (moDCs) toward a tolerogenic state are still poorly understood. Here, we studied the transcriptional profile of moDCs from healthy subjects, modulated with dexamethasone (Dex) and activated with monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA), referred to as Dex-modulated and MPLA-activated DCs (DM-DCs), as an approach to identify molecular regulators and pathways associated with the induction of tolerogenic properties in tolDCs. We found that DM-DCs exhibit a distinctive transcriptional profile compared to untreated (DCs) and MPLA-matured DCs. Differentially expressed genes downregulated by DM included MMP12, CD1c, IL-1B, and FCER1A involved in DC maturation/inflammation and genes upregulated by DM included JAG1, MERTK, IL-10, and IDO1 involved in tolerance. Genes related to chemotactic responses, cell-to-cell signaling and interaction, fatty acid oxidation, metal homeostasis, and free radical scavenging were strongly enriched, predicting the activation of alternative metabolic processes than those driven by counterpart DCs. Furthermore, we identified a set of genes that were regulated exclusively by the combined action of Dex and MPLA, which are mainly involved in the control of zinc homeostasis and reactive oxygen species production. These data further support the important role of metabolic processes on the control of the DC-driven regulatory immune response. Thus, Dex and MPLA treatments modify gene expression in moDCs by inducing a particular transcriptional profile characterized by the activation of tolerance-associated genes and suppression of the expression of inflammatory genes, conferring the potential to exert regulatory functions and immune response modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina A García-González
- Programa Disciplinario de Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - Katina Schinnerling
- Programa Disciplinario de Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandro Sepúlveda-Gutiérrez
- Programa de Genética Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jaxaira Maggi
- Programa Disciplinario de Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ahmed M Mehdi
- Translational Research Institute, University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Hendrik J Nel
- Translational Research Institute, University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Bárbara Pesce
- Programa Disciplinario de Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Milton L Larrondo
- Banco de Sangre, Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Octavio Aravena
- Programa Disciplinario de Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - María C Molina
- Programa Disciplinario de Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Diego Catalán
- Programa Disciplinario de Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ranjeny Thomas
- Translational Research Institute, University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Ricardo A Verdugo
- Programa de Genética Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan C Aguillón
- Programa Disciplinario de Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
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48
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Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are potent antigen-presenting cells that constitute a major component of the immune system’s role in the recognition, elimination, and tolerance of cancer. The unique immunologic capabilities of DCs have recently been harnessed for therapeutic use with the creation of DC-based anti-tumor vaccines, several of which have moved into testing in clinical trials for hematologic malignancies. This review summarizes how treatment strategies using DC-based anti-tumor vaccines are advancing immunotherapeutic options for these diseases.
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