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Kian N, Bagheri A, Salmanpour F, Soltani A, Mohajer Z, Samieefar N, Barekatain B, Kelishadi R. Breast feeding, obesity, and asthma association: clinical and molecular views. Clin Mol Allergy 2023; 21:8. [PMID: 37789370 PMCID: PMC10546753 DOI: 10.1186/s12948-023-00189-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic condition that affects children worldwide. Accumulating number of studies reported that the prevalence of pediatric obesity and asthma might be altered through breastfeeding. It has been proposed that Leptin, which exists in human milk, is oppositely associated with weight increase in newborns. It may also influence peripheral immune system by promoting TH1 responses and suppressing TH2 cytokines. Leptin influences body weight and immune responses through complex signaling pathways at molecular level. Although previous studies provide explanations for the protective role of breastfeeding against both obesity and asthma, other factors such as duration of breastfeeding, parental, and prenatal factors may confound this relationship which requires further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naghmeh Kian
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- USERN Office, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Network of Interdisciplinarity in Neonates and Infants (NINI), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Bagheri
- USERN Office, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Network of Interdisciplinarity in Neonates and Infants (NINI), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Fardis Salmanpour
- USERN Office, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Network of Interdisciplinarity in Neonates and Infants (NINI), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Afsaneh Soltani
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- USERN Office, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Network of Interdisciplinarity in Neonates and Infants (NINI), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Mohajer
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- USERN Office, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Network of Interdisciplinarity in Neonates and Infants (NINI), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Noosha Samieefar
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- USERN Office, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Network of Interdisciplinarity in Neonates and Infants (NINI), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Behzad Barekatain
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Roya Kelishadi
- Network of Interdisciplinarity in Neonates and Infants (NINI), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
- Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
- USERN Office, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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Chen Y, Xu Z, Sun H, Ouyang X, Han Y, Yu H, Wu N, Xie Y, Su B. Regulation of CD8 + T memory and exhaustion by the mTOR signals. Cell Mol Immunol 2023; 20:1023-1039. [PMID: 37582972 PMCID: PMC10468538 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-023-01064-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
CD8+ T cells are the key executioners of the adaptive immune arm, which mediates antitumor and antiviral immunity. Naïve CD8+ T cells develop in the thymus and are quickly activated in the periphery after encountering a cognate antigen, which induces these cells to proliferate and differentiate into effector cells that fight the initial infection. Simultaneously, a fraction of these cells become long-lived memory CD8+ T cells that combat future infections. Notably, the generation and maintenance of memory cells is profoundly affected by various in vivo conditions, such as the mode of primary activation (e.g., acute vs. chronic immunization) or fluctuations in host metabolic, inflammatory, or aging factors. Therefore, many T cells may be lost or become exhausted and no longer functional. Complicated intracellular signaling pathways, transcription factors, epigenetic modifications, and metabolic processes are involved in this process. Therefore, understanding the cellular and molecular basis for the generation and fate of memory and exhausted CD8+ cells is central for harnessing cellular immunity. In this review, we focus on mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), particularly signaling mediated by mTOR complex (mTORC) 2 in memory and exhausted CD8+ T cells at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, and The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Death and Differentiation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Ziyang Xu
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, and The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Death and Differentiation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Hongxiang Sun
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, and The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Death and Differentiation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xinxing Ouyang
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, and The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Death and Differentiation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Department of Tumor Biology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yuheng Han
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, and The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Death and Differentiation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Haihui Yu
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, and The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Death and Differentiation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Ningbo Wu
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, and The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Death and Differentiation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yiting Xie
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, and The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Death and Differentiation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Bing Su
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, and The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Death and Differentiation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
- Department of Tumor Biology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
- Center for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine-Yale Institute for Immune Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Radiation Oncology of Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
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Liu T, Ren S, Sun C, Zhao P, Wang H. Glutaminolysis and peripheral CD4 + T cell differentiation: from mechanism to intervention strategy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1221530. [PMID: 37545506 PMCID: PMC10401425 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1221530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
To maintain the body's regular immune system, CD4+ T cell homeostasis is crucial, particularly T helper (Th1, Th17) cells and T regulatory (Treg) cells. Abnormally differentiated peripheral CD4+ T cells are responsible for the occurrence and development of numerous diseases, including autoimmune diseases, transplantation rejection, and irritability. Searching for an effective interventional approach to control this abnormal differentiation is therefore especially important. As immunometabolism progressed, the inherent metabolic factors underlying the immune cell differentiation have gradually come to light. Mounting number of studies have revealed that glutaminolysis plays an indelible role in the differentiation of CD4+ T cells. Besides, alterations in the glutaminolysis can also lead to changes in the fate of peripheral CD4+ T cells. All of this indicate that the glutaminolysis pathway has excellent potential for interventional regulation of CD4+ T cells differentiation. Here, we summarized the process by which glutaminolysis regulates the fate of CD4+ T cells during differentiation and further investigated how to reshape abnormal CD4+ T cell differentiation by targeting glutaminolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Shaohua Ren
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Chenglu Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Pengyu Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin, China
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Stieg DC, Parris JLD, Yang THL, Mirji G, Reiser SK, Murali N, Werts M, Barnoud T, Lu DY, Shinde R, Murphy ME, Claiborne DT. The African-centric P47S Variant of TP53 Confers Immune Dysregulation and Impaired Response to Immune Checkpoint Inhibition. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 3:1200-1211. [PMID: 37441266 PMCID: PMC10335007 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-23-0149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
The tumor suppressor TP53 is the most frequently mutated gene in cancer and is mutationally inactivated in 50% of sporadic tumors. Inactivating mutations in TP53 also occur in Li Fraumeni syndrome (LFS). In addition to germline mutations in TP53 in LFS that completely inactivate this protein, there are many more germline mutant forms of TP53 in human populations that partially inactivate this protein: we call these partially inactivating mutations "hypomorphs." One of these hypomorphs is a SNP that exists in 6%-10% of Africans and 1%-2% of African Americans, which changes proline at amino acid 47 to serine (Pro47Ser; P47S). We previously showed that the P47S variant of p53 is intrinsically impaired for tumor suppressor function, and that this SNP is associated with increased cancer risk in mice and humans. Here we show that this SNP also influences the tumor microenvironment, and the immune microenvironment profile in P47S mice is more protumorigenic. At basal levels, P47S mice show impaired memory T-cell formation and function, along with increased anti-inflammatory (so-called "M2") macrophages. We show that in tumor-bearing P47S mice, there is an increase in immunosuppressive myeloid-derived suppressor cells and decreased numbers of activated dendritic cells, macrophages, and B cells, along with evidence for increased T-cell exhaustion in the tumor microenvironment. Finally, we show that P47S mice demonstrate an incomplete response to anti-PD-L1 therapy. Our combined data suggest that the African-centric P47S variant leads to both intrinsic and extrinsic defects in tumor suppression. Significance Findings presented here show that the P47S variant of TP53 influences the immune microenvironment, and the immune response to cancer. This is the first time that a naturally occurring genetic variant of TP53 has been shown to negatively impact the immune microenvironment and the response to immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C. Stieg
- Program in Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Joshua L. D. Parris
- Program in Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Tyler Hong Loong Yang
- Program in Immunology, Microenvironment, and Metastasis, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Gauri Mirji
- Program in Immunology, Microenvironment, and Metastasis, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sarah Kim Reiser
- Program in Immunology, Microenvironment, and Metastasis, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Nivitha Murali
- Program in Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Madison Werts
- Program in Immunology, Microenvironment, and Metastasis, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Thibaut Barnoud
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - David Y. Lu
- Program in Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Rahul Shinde
- Program in Immunology, Microenvironment, and Metastasis, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Maureen E. Murphy
- Program in Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Daniel T. Claiborne
- Program in Immunology, Microenvironment, and Metastasis, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Arwood ML, Sun IH, Patel CH, Sun IM, Oh MH, Bettencourt IA, Claiborne MD, Chan-Li Y, Zhao L, Waickman AT, Mavrothalassitis O, Wen J, Aja S, Powell JD. Serendipitous Discovery of T Cell-Produced KLK1b22 as a Regulator of Systemic Metabolism. Immunohorizons 2023; 7:493-507. [PMID: 37358498 PMCID: PMC10580127 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.2300016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to study mechanistic/mammalian target of rapamycin's role in T cell differentiation, we generated mice in which Rheb is selectively deleted in T cells (T-Rheb-/- C57BL/6J background). During these studies, we noted that T-Rheb-/- mice were consistently heavier but had improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity as well as a marked increase in beige fat. Microarray analysis of Rheb-/- T cells revealed a marked increase in expression of kallikrein 1-related peptidase b22 (Klk1b22). Overexpression of KLK1b22 in vitro enhanced insulin receptor signaling, and systemic overexpression of KLK1b22 in C57BL/6J mice also enhances glucose tolerance. Although KLK1B22 expression was markedly elevated in the T-Rheb-/- T cells, we never observed any expression in wild-type T cells. Interestingly, in querying the mouse Immunologic Genome Project, we found that Klk1b22 expression was also increased in wild-type 129S1/SVLMJ and C3HEJ mice. Indeed, both strains of mice demonstrate exceptionally improved glucose tolerance. This prompted us to employ CRISPR-mediated knockout of KLK1b22 in 129S1/SVLMJ mice, which in fact led to reduced glucose tolerance. Overall, our studies reveal (to our knowledge) a novel role for KLK1b22 in regulating systemic metabolism and demonstrate the ability of T cell-derived KLK1b22 to regulate systemic metabolism. Notably, however, further studies have revealed that this is a serendipitous finding unrelated to Rheb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew L. Arwood
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Sidney-Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Im-Hong Sun
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Sidney-Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Chirag H. Patel
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Sidney-Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Im-Meng Sun
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Sidney-Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Min-Hee Oh
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Sidney-Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Ian A. Bettencourt
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Sidney-Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Michael D. Claiborne
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Sidney-Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Yee Chan-Li
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Liang Zhao
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Sidney-Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Adam T. Waickman
- State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY
| | - Orestes Mavrothalassitis
- Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA
| | - Jiayu Wen
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Sidney-Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Susan Aja
- Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Jonathan D. Powell
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Sidney-Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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Bi J, Jin X, Zheng C, Huang C, Zhong C, Zheng X, Tian Z, Sun H. Checkpoint TIPE2 Limits the Helper Functions of NK Cells in Supporting Antitumor CD8 + T Cells. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2207499. [PMID: 36807566 PMCID: PMC10131822 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202207499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells not only are innate effector lymphocytes that directly participate in tumor surveillance but are also essential helpers in the antitumor CD8+ T-cell response. However, the molecular mechanisms and potential checkpoints regulating NK cell helper functions remain elusive. Here, it is shown that the T-bet/Eomes-IFN-γ axis in NK cells is essential for CD8+ T cell-dependent tumor control, whereas T-bet-dependent NK cell effector functions are required for an optimal response to anti-PD-L1 immunotherapy. Importantly, NK cell-expressed TIPE2 (tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced protein-8 like-2) represents a checkpoint molecule for NK cell helper function, since Tipe2 deletion in NK cells not only enhances NK-intrinsic antitumor activity but also indirectly improves the antitumor CD8+ T cell response by promoting T-bet/Eomes-dependent NK cell effector functions. These studies thus reveal TIPE2 as a checkpoint for NK cell helper function, whose targeting might boost the antitumor T cell response in addition to T cell-based immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiacheng Bi
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering BiologyShenzhen Institute of Synthetic BiologyShenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen518055P. R. China
| | - Xiaomeng Jin
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering BiologyShenzhen Institute of Synthetic BiologyShenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen518055P. R. China
| | - Chaoyue Zheng
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering BiologyShenzhen Institute of Synthetic BiologyShenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen518055P. R. China
| | - Chen Huang
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering BiologyShenzhen Institute of Synthetic BiologyShenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen518055P. R. China
| | - Chao Zhong
- Institute of Systems BiomedicineSchool of Basic Medical SciencesPeking University Health Science CenterBeijing100191P. R. China
| | - Xiaohu Zheng
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic DiseaseSchool of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and MedicineUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230027P. R. China
- Institute of ImmunologyUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230027P. R. China
| | - Zhigang Tian
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering BiologyShenzhen Institute of Synthetic BiologyShenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen518055P. R. China
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic DiseaseSchool of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and MedicineUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230027P. R. China
- Institute of ImmunologyUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230027P. R. China
- Research Unit of NK cell StudyChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijing100864P. R. China
| | - Haoyu Sun
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic DiseaseSchool of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and MedicineUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230027P. R. China
- Institute of ImmunologyUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230027P. R. China
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Jaroušek R, Mikulová A, Daďová P, Tauš P, Kurucová T, Plevová K, Tichý B, Kubala L. Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis of T helper cell differentiation and heterogeneity. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2022; 1869:119321. [PMID: 35779629 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2022.119321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Single-cell transcriptomics has emerged as a powerful tool to investigate cells' biological landscape and focus on the expression profile of individual cells. Major advantage of this approach is an analysis of highly complex and heterogeneous cell populations, such as a specific subpopulation of T helper cells that are known to differentiate into distinct subpopulations. The need for distinguishing the specific expression profile is even more important considering the T cell plasticity. However, importantly, the universal pipelines for single-cell analysis are usually not sufficient for every cell type. Here, the aims are to analyze the diversity of T cell phenotypes employing classical in vitro cytokine-mediated differentiation of human T cells isolated from human peripheral blood by single-cell transcriptomic approach with support of labelled antibodies and a comprehensive bioinformatics analysis using combination of Seurat, Nebulosa, GGplot and others. The results showed high expression similarities between Th1 and Th17 phenotype and very distinct Th2 expression profile. In a case of Th2 highly specific marker genes SPINT2, TRIB3 and CST7 were expressed. Overall, our results demonstrate how donor difference, Th plasticity and cell cycle influence the expression profiles of distinct T cell populations. The results could help to better understand the importance of each step of the analysis when working with T cell single-cell data and observe the results in a more practical way by using our analyzed datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radim Jaroušek
- Institute of Biophysics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Antónia Mikulová
- Institute of Biophysics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Daďová
- Institute of Biophysics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Tauš
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Terézia Kurucová
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Karla Plevová
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Institute of Medical Genetics and Genomics, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Boris Tichý
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Kubala
- Institute of Biophysics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
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8
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Schmidt V, Hogan AE, Fallon PG, Schwartz C. Obesity-Mediated Immune Modulation: One Step Forward, (Th)2 Steps Back. Front Immunol 2022; 13:932893. [PMID: 35844529 PMCID: PMC9279727 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.932893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decades, the relationship between the immune system and metabolism has become a major research focus. In this arena of immunometabolism the capacity of adipose tissue to secrete immunomodulatory molecules, including adipokines, within the underlying low-grade inflammation during obesity brought attention to the impact obesity has on the immune system. Adipokines, such as leptin and adiponectin, influence T cell differentiation into different T helper subsets and their activation during immune responses. Furthermore, within the cellular milieu of adipose tissue nutrient availability regulates differentiation and activation of T cells and changes in cellular metabolic pathways. Upon activation, T cells shift from oxidative phosphorylation to oxidative glycolysis, while the differential signaling of the kinase mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and the nuclear receptor PPARγ, amongst others, drive the subsequent T cell differentiation. While the mechanisms leading to a shift from the typical type 2-dominated milieu in lean people to a Th1-biased pro-inflammatory environment during obesity are the subject of extensive research, insights on its impact on peripheral Th2-dominated immune responses become more evident. In this review, we will summarize recent findings of how Th2 cells are metabolically regulated during obesity and malnutrition, and how these states affect local and systemic Th2-biased immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviane Schmidt
- Mikrobiologisches Institut - Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andrew E. Hogan
- Kathleen Lonsdale Human Health Institute, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
- Obesity Immunology Research, St. Vincent’s University Hospital and University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Padraic G. Fallon
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Christian Schwartz
- Mikrobiologisches Institut - Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Christian Schwartz,
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9
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Meng D, Zhang B, Wang Y, Zheng T, Hu R, Wang B, Otsu K, Wang Y, Huang G. p38α Deficiency in T Cells Ameliorates Diet-Induced Obesity, Insulin Resistance, and Adipose Tissue Senescence. Diabetes 2022; 71:1205-1217. [PMID: 35349644 DOI: 10.2337/db21-0653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue-resident T cells play vital roles in regulating inflammation and metabolism in obesity, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we show that high-fat diet (HFD) feeding enhances p38 activity in adipose-resident T cells. T cell-specific deletion of p38α, an essential subunit of p38 expressed in most immune cells, protected mice from HFD-induced obesity, hepatic steatosis, adipose tissue inflammation, and insulin resistance. Mice with p38α deletion in T cells exhibited higher energy expenditure. Mechanistically, p38α promoted T-cell glycolysis through mechanistic target of rapamycin signaling, leading to enhanced Th1 differentiation. Accordingly, genetic deletion of p38α alleviated ongoing diet-induced obesity. Unexpectedly, p38α signaling in T cells promoted adipose tissue senescence during obesity and aging. Taken together, our results identify p38α in T cells as an essential regulator of obesity, insulin resistance, and adipose tissue senescence, and p38α may be a therapeutic target for obese- or aging-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deyun Meng
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Baohua Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanyan Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Tingting Zheng
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Ran Hu
- Basic Department of Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Kinya Otsu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, London, U.K
| | - Ying Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Gonghua Huang
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
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10
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Pompura SL, Hafler DA, Dominguez-Villar M. Fatty Acid Metabolism and T Cells in Multiple Sclerosis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:869197. [PMID: 35603182 PMCID: PMC9116144 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.869197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular metabolic remodeling is intrinsically linked to the development, activation, differentiation, function, and survival of T cells. T cells transition from a catabolic, naïve state to an anabolic effector state upon T cell activation. Subsequently, specialization of T cells into T helper (Th) subsets, including regulatory T cells (Treg), requires fine-tuning of metabolic programs that better support and optimize T cell functions for that particular environment. Increasingly, studies have shown that changes in nutrient availability at both the cellular and organismal level during disease states can alter T cell function, highlighting the importance of better characterizing metabolic-immune axes in both physiological and disease settings. In support of these data, a growing body of evidence is emerging that shows specific lipid species are capable of altering the inflammatory functional phenotypes of T cells. In this review we summarize the metabolic programs shown to support naïve and effector T cells, and those driving Th subsets. We then discuss changes to lipid profiles in patients with multiple sclerosis, and focus on how the presence of specific lipid species can alter cellular metabolism and function of T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saige L. Pompura
- Departments of Neurology and Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - David A. Hafler
- Departments of Neurology and Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
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11
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Jiang Q, Huang X, Yu W, Huang R, Zhao X, Chen C. mTOR Signaling in the Regulation of CD4+ T Cell Subsets in Periodontal Diseases. Front Immunol 2022; 13:827461. [PMID: 35222410 PMCID: PMC8866697 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.827461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease results from the inflammatory infiltration by the microbial community which is marked through tooth mobility and alveolar bone resorption. The inflammation in periodontal disease is mediated by CD4+ T cells through cytokine secretion and osteoclastogenetic activity. Historically, the inflammatory model in periodontal disease is described through disruption of the balance between two subsets of T helper cells which are T-helper type 1 (Th1) and T-helper type 2 (Th2). However, more and more studies have found that apart from subsets of helper T cells, regulatory T-cells and Th17 cells are also involved in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases. Growing evidence proves that helper T cells differentiation, activation, and subset determination are under the strong impact of mTOR signaling. mTOR signaling could promote Th1 and Th17 cell differentiation and inhibit Treg commitment through different mTOR complexes, therefore we anticipate a regulation effect of mTOR signaling on periodontal diseases by regulating CD4+ T cell subsets. This review aims to integrate the topical researches about the role of different types of Th cells in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases, as well as the regulation of mTOR signaling in the specification and selection of Th cell commitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Jiang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pharmacology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Xiaobin Huang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pharmacology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Wenjing Yu
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ranran Huang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pharmacology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Xuefeng Zhao
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chider Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pharmacology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Center of Innovation and Precision Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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12
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Lina IA, Berges A, Ospino R, Davis RJ, Motz KM, Tsai HW, Collins S, Hillel AT. Identifying Phenotypically Distinct Fibroblast Subsets in Type 2 Diabetes-Associated Iatrogenic Laryngotracheal Stenosis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2022; 166:712-719. [PMID: 34126803 PMCID: PMC8671571 DOI: 10.1177/01945998211014790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Iatrogenic laryngotracheal stenosis (iLTS) is the pathologic narrowing of the glottis, subglottis, and/or trachea secondary to intubation or tracheostomy related injury. Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are more likely to develop iLTS. To date, the metabolomics and phenotypic expression of cell markers in fibroblasts derived from patients with T2DM and iLTS are largely unknown. STUDY DESIGN Controlled in vitro cohort study. SETTING Tertiary referral center (2017-2020). METHODS This in vitro study assessed samples from 6 patients with iLTS who underwent surgery at a single institution. Fibroblasts were isolated from biopsy specimens of laryngotracheal scar and normal-appearing trachea and compared with controls obtained from the trachea of rapid autopsy specimens. Patients with iLTS were subcategorized into those with and without T2DM. Metabolic substrates were identified by mass spectrometry, and cell protein expression was measured by flow cytometry. RESULTS T2DM iLTS-scar fibroblasts had a metabolically distinct profile and clustered tightly on a Pearson correlation heat map as compared with non-T2DM iLTS-scar fibroblasts. Levels of itaconate were elevated in T2DM iLTS-scar fibroblasts. Flow cytometry demonstrated that T2DM iLTS-scar fibroblasts were associated with higher CD90 expression (Thy-1; mean, 95%) when compared with non-T2DM iLTS-scar (mean, 83.6%; P = .0109) or normal tracheal fibroblasts (mean, 81.1%; P = .0042). CONCLUSIONS Scar-derived fibroblasts from patients with T2DM and iLTS have a metabolically distinct profile. These fibroblasts are characterized by an increase in itaconate, a metabolite related to immune-induced scar remodeling, and can be identified by elevated expression of CD90 (Thy-1) in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioan A. Lina
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Alexandra Berges
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Rafael Ospino
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ruth J. Davis
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kevin M. Motz
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Hsiu-Wen Tsai
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Samuel Collins
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Alexander T. Hillel
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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13
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Zhang J, Rousseaux N, Walzer T. Eomes and T‐bet, a dynamic duo regulating NK cell differentiation. Bioessays 2022; 44:e2100281. [DOI: 10.1002/bies.202100281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Zhang
- Department of Dermatology Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Noémi Rousseaux
- CIRI Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 Lyon France
| | - Thierry Walzer
- CIRI Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 Lyon France
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14
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Cameron B, Zaheer SA, Dominguez-Villar M. Control of CD4+ T Cell Differentiation and Function by PI3K Isoforms. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2022; 436:197-216. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-06566-8_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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15
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Huang C, Bi J. Expression Regulation and Function of T-Bet in NK Cells. Front Immunol 2021; 12:761920. [PMID: 34675939 PMCID: PMC8524037 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.761920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are cytotoxic innate lymphocytes that play an important role in immune surveillance. The development, maturation and effector functions of NK cells are orchestrated by the T-box transcription factor T-bet, whose expression is induced by cytokines such as IFN-γ, IL-12, IL-15 and IL-21 through the respective cytokine receptors and downstream JAK/STATs or PI3K-AKT-mTORC1 signaling pathways. In this review, we aim to discuss the expression and regulation of T-bet in NK cells, the role of T-bet in mouse NK cell development, maturation, and function, as well as the role of T-bet in acute, chronic infection, inflammation, autoimmune diseases and tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiacheng Bi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
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16
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Kong BS, Min SH, Lee C, Cho YM. Mitochondrial-encoded MOTS-c prevents pancreatic islet destruction in autoimmune diabetes. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109447. [PMID: 34320351 PMCID: PMC10083145 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are principal metabolic organelles that are increasingly unveiled as immune regulators. However, it is currently not known whether mitochondrial-encoded peptides modulate T cells to induce changes in phenotype and function. In this study, we found that MOTS-c (mitochondrial open reading frame of the 12S rRNA type-c) prevented autoimmune β cell destruction by targeting T cells in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice. MOTS-c ameliorated the development of hyperglycemia and reduced islet-infiltrating immune cells. Furthermore, adoptive transfer of T cells from MOTS-c-treated NOD mice significantly decreased the incidence of diabetes in NOD-severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice. Metabolic and genomic analyses revealed that MOTS-c modulated T cell phenotype and function by regulating T cell receptor (TCR)/mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling. Type 1 diabetes (T1D) patients had a lower serum MOTS-c level than did healthy controls. Furthermore, MOTS-c reduced T cell activation by alleviating T cells from the glycolytic stress in T1D patients, suggesting therapeutic potential. Our findings indicate that MOTS-c regulates the T cell phenotype and suppresses autoimmune diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung Soo Kong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Se Hee Min
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Changhan Lee
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
| | - Young Min Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
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17
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Tao H, Pan Y, Chu S, Li L, Xie J, Wang P, Zhang S, Reddy S, Sleasman JW, Zhong XP. Differential controls of MAIT cell effector polarization by mTORC1/mTORC2 via integrating cytokine and costimulatory signals. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2029. [PMID: 33795689 PMCID: PMC8016978 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22162-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells have important functions in immune responses against pathogens and in diseases, but mechanisms controlling MAIT cell development and effector lineage differentiation remain unclear. Here, we report that IL-2/IL-15 receptor β chain and inducible costimulatory (ICOS) not only serve as lineage-specific markers for IFN-γ-producing MAIT1 and IL-17A-producing MAIT17 cells, but are also important for their differentiation, respectively. Both IL-2 and IL-15 induce mTOR activation, T-bet upregulation, and subsequent MAIT cell, especially MAIT1 cell, expansion. By contrast, IL-1β induces more MAIT17 than MAIT1 cells, while IL-23 alone promotes MAIT17 cell proliferation and survival, but synergizes with IL-1β to induce strong MAIT17 cell expansion in an mTOR-dependent manner. Moreover, mTOR is dispensable for early MAIT cell development, yet pivotal for MAIT cell effector differentiation. Our results thus show that mTORC2 integrates signals from ICOS and IL-1βR/IL-23R to exert a crucial role for MAIT17 differentiation, while the IL-2/IL-15R-mTORC1-T-bet axis ensures MAIT1 differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huishan Tao
- Department of Pediatrics-Allergy and Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Yun Pan
- Department of Pediatrics-Allergy and Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Shuai Chu
- Department of Pediatrics-Allergy and Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Pediatrics-Allergy and Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jinhai Xie
- Department of Pediatrics-Allergy and Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Pediatrics-Allergy and Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Shimeng Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics-Allergy and Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Srija Reddy
- Department of Pediatrics-Allergy and Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - John W Sleasman
- Department of Pediatrics-Allergy and Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Xiao-Ping Zhong
- Department of Pediatrics-Allergy and Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
- Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapies Program, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
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18
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Abstract
Akt kinases translate various external cues into intracellular signals that control cell survival, proliferation, metabolism and differentiation. This review discusses the requirement for Akt and its targets in determining the fate and function of T cells. We discuss the importance of Akt at various stages of T cell development including β-selection during which Akt fulfills the energy requirements of highly proliferative DN3 cells. Akt also plays an integral role in CD8 T cell biology where its regulation of Foxo transcription factors and mTORC1 metabolic activity controls effector versus memory CD8 T cell differentiation. Finally, Akt promotes the differentiation of naïve CD4 T cells into Th1, Th17 and Tfh cells but inhibits the development of Treg cells. We also highlight how modulating Akt in T cells is a promising avenue for enhancing cell-based cancer immunotherapy.
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19
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Balyan R, Gautam N, Gascoigne NR. The Ups and Downs of Metabolism during the Lifespan of a T Cell. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7972. [PMID: 33120978 PMCID: PMC7663011 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21217972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the various mechanisms that govern the development, activation, differentiation, and functions of T cells is crucial as it could provide opportunities for therapeutic interventions to disrupt immune pathogenesis. Immunometabolism is one such area that has garnered significant interest in the recent past as it has become apparent that cellular metabolism is highly dynamic and has a tremendous impact on the ability of T cells to grow, activate, and differentiate. In each phase of the lifespan of a T-cell, cellular metabolism has to be tailored to match the specific functional requirements of that phase. Resting T cells rely on energy-efficient oxidative metabolism but rapidly shift to a highly glycolytic metabolism upon activation in order to meet the bioenergetically demanding process of growth and proliferation. However, upon antigen clearance, T cells return to a more quiescent oxidative metabolism to support T cell memory generation. In addition, each helper T cell subset engages distinct metabolic pathways to support their functional needs. In this review, we provide an overview of the metabolic changes that occur during the lifespan of a T cell and discuss several important studies that provide insights into the regulation of the metabolic landscape of T cells and how they impact T cell development and function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nicholas R.J. Gascoigne
- Immunology Programme and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117545, Singapore; (R.B.); (N.G.)
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20
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Man AW, Zhou Y, Xia N, Li H. Involvement of Gut Microbiota, Microbial Metabolites and Interaction with Polyphenol in Host Immunometabolism. Nutrients 2020; 12:E3054. [PMID: 33036205 PMCID: PMC7601750 DOI: 10.3390/nu12103054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunological and metabolic processes are inextricably linked and important for maintaining tissue and organismal health. Manipulation of cellular metabolism could be beneficial to immunity and prevent metabolic and degenerative diseases including obesity, diabetes, and cancer. Maintenance of a normal metabolism depends on symbiotic consortium of gut microbes. Gut microbiota contributes to certain xenobiotic metabolisms and bioactive metabolites production. Gut microbiota-derived metabolites have been shown to be involved in inflammatory activation of macrophages and contribute to metabolic diseases. Recent studies have focused on how nutrients affect immunometabolism. Polyphenols, the secondary metabolites of plants, are presented in many foods and beverages. Several studies have demonstrated the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of polyphenols. Many clinical trials and epidemiological studies have also shown that long-term consumption of polyphenol-rich diet protects against chronic metabolic diseases. It is known that polyphenols can modulate the composition of core gut microbiota and interact with the immunometabolism. In the present article, we review the mechanisms of gut microbiota and its metabolites on immunometabolism, summarize recent findings on how the interaction between microbiota and polyphenol modulates host immunometabolism, and discuss future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Huige Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (A.W.C.M.); (Y.Z.); (N.X.)
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21
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Villegas-Mendez A, Khandelwal G, McGowan LM, Dookie RS, Haley MJ, George C, Sims D, Lord GM, Sinclair LV, Jenner RG, Couper KN. Exhausted CD4 + T Cells during Malaria Exhibit Reduced mTORc1 Activity Correlated with Loss of T-bet Expression. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 205:1608-1619. [PMID: 32817333 PMCID: PMC7477746 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
CD4+ T cell functional inhibition (exhaustion) is a hallmark of malaria and correlates with impaired parasite control and infection chronicity. However, the mechanisms of CD4+ T cell exhaustion are still poorly understood. In this study, we show that Ag-experienced (Ag-exp) CD4+ T cell exhaustion during Plasmodium yoelii nonlethal infection occurs alongside the reduction in mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) activity and restriction in CD4+ T cell glycolytic capacity. We demonstrate that the loss of glycolytic metabolism and mTOR activity within the exhausted Ag-expCD4+ T cell population during infection coincides with reduction in T-bet expression. T-bet was found to directly bind to and control the transcription of various mTOR and metabolism-related genes within effector CD4+ T cells. Consistent with this, Ag-expTh1 cells exhibited significantly higher and sustained mTOR activity than effector T-bet- (non-Th1) Ag-expT cells throughout the course of malaria. We identified mTOR to be redundant for sustaining T-bet expression in activated Th1 cells, whereas mTOR was necessary but not sufficient for maintaining IFN-γ production by Th1 cells. Immunotherapy targeting PD-1, CTLA-4, and IL-27 blocked CD4+ T cell exhaustion during malaria infection and was associated with elevated T-bet expression and a concomitant increased CD4+ T cell glycolytic metabolism. Collectively, our data suggest that mTOR activity is linked to T-bet in Ag-expCD4+ T cells but that reduction in mTOR activity may not directly underpin Ag-expTh1 cell loss and exhaustion during malaria infection. These data have implications for therapeutic reactivation of exhausted CD4+ T cells during malaria infection and other chronic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Villegas-Mendez
- The Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Garima Khandelwal
- University College London Cancer Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6DD, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy M McGowan
- The Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom.,Department of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca S Dookie
- The Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Michael J Haley
- The Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte George
- Oxford Biomedical Data Science Training Programme, Medical Research Council Wetherall Institute of Molecular Medicine Centre for Computational Biology, Medical Research Council Wetherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom; and
| | - David Sims
- Oxford Biomedical Data Science Training Programme, Medical Research Council Wetherall Institute of Molecular Medicine Centre for Computational Biology, Medical Research Council Wetherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom; and
| | - Graham M Lord
- The Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Linda V Sinclair
- Division of Cell Signaling and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Richard G Jenner
- University College London Cancer Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6DD, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin N Couper
- The Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom;
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22
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Abstract
The maintenance of organismal homeostasis requires partitioning and transport of biochemical molecules between organ systems, their composite cells, and subcellular organelles. Although transcriptional programming undeniably defines the functional state of cells and tissues, underlying biochemical networks are intricately intertwined with transcriptional, translational, and post-translational regulation. Studies of the metabolic regulation of immunity have elegantly illustrated this phenomenon. The cells of the immune system interface with a diverse set of environmental conditions. Circulating immune cells perfuse peripheral organs in the blood and lymph, patrolling for pathogen invasion. Resident immune cells remain in tissues and play more newly appreciated roles in tissue homeostasis and immunity. Each of these cell populations interacts with unique and dynamic tissue environments, which vary greatly in biochemical composition. Furthermore, the effector response of immune cells to a diverse set of activating cues requires unique cellular adaptations to supply the requisite biochemical landscape. In this review, we examine the role of spatial partitioning of metabolic processes in immune function. We focus on studies of lymphocyte metabolism, with reference to the greater immunometabolism literature when appropriate to illustrate this concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin A Shyer
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Richard A Flavell
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA.
| | - Will Bailis
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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23
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Sillito F, Holler A, Stauss HJ. Engineering CD4+ T Cells to Enhance Cancer Immunity. Cells 2020; 9:cells9071721. [PMID: 32708397 PMCID: PMC7407306 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This review presents key advances in combining T cell receptor (TCR) gene transfer to redirect T-cell specificity with gene engineering in order to enhance cancer-protective immune function. We discuss how emerging insights might be applied to CD4+ T cells. Although much attention has been paid to the role of CD8+ cytotoxic T cells in tumour protection, we provide convincing evidence that CD4+ helper T cells play a critical role in cancer immune responses in animal models and also in patients. We demonstrate that genetic engineering technologies provide exciting opportunities to extend the specificity range of CD4+ T cells from MHC class-II-presented epitopes to include peptides presented by MHC class I molecules. Functional enhancement of tumour immunity can improve the sensitivity of T cells to cancer antigens, promote survival in a hostile tumour microenvironment, boost cancer-protective effector mechanisms and enable the formation of T-cell memory. Engineered cancer-specific CD4+ T cells may contribute to protective immunity by a direct pathway involving cancer cell killing, and by an indirect pathway that boosts the function, persistence and memory formation of CD8+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Sillito
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, Royal Free Hospital, London NW3 2PF, UK
- Correspondence: (F.S.); (H.J.S.)
| | - Angelika Holler
- Cancer Institute, Royal Free Hospital, University College London, London NW3 2PF, UK;
| | - Hans J. Stauss
- Cancer Institute, Royal Free Hospital, University College London, London NW3 2PF, UK;
- Correspondence: (F.S.); (H.J.S.)
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Chornoguz O, Leettola CN, Leander K, Brosnan K, Emmell E, Chiu ML, Santulli-Marotto S. Characterization of a Novel Bispecific Antibody That Activates T Cells In Vitro and Slows Tumor Growth In Vivo. Monoclon Antib Immunodiagn Immunother 2020; 38:242-254. [PMID: 31825302 PMCID: PMC6918852 DOI: 10.1089/mab.2019.0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Although CD3 T cell redirecting antibodies have been successfully utilized for the treatment of hematological malignancies (blinatumomab), the T cell signaling pathways induced by these molecules are incompletely understood. To gain insight into the mechanism of action for T cell redirection antibodies, we created a novel murine CD3xEpCAM bispecific antibody that incorporates a silent Fc to dissect function and signaling of murine CD8 OT1 T cells upon stimulation. T cell-mediated cytotoxicity, cytokine secretion, expression of activation markers, and proliferation were directly induced in T cells treated with the novel CD3xEpCAM bispecific molecule in vitro in the presence of epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) expressing tumor cells. Nanostring analysis showed that CD3xEpCAM induced a gene expression profile that resembled antigen-mediated activation, although the magnitude was lower than that of the antigen-induced response. In addition, this CD3xEpCAM bispecific antibody exhibited in vivo efficacy. This is the first study that investigates both in vitro and in vivo murine CD8 T cell function and signaling induced by a CD3xEpCAM antibody having a silent Fc to delineate differences between antigen-independent and antigen-specific T cell activation. These findings expand the understanding of T cell function and signaling induced by CD3 redirection bispecific antibodies and may help to develop more efficacious CD3 redirection therapeutics for cancer treatment, particularly for solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olesya Chornoguz
- Janssen Biotherapeutics, Janssen R&D, Spring House, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Karen Leander
- Janssen Biotherapeutics, Janssen R&D, Spring House, Pennsylvania
| | - Kerry Brosnan
- Janssen Biotherapeutics, Janssen R&D, Spring House, Pennsylvania
| | - Eva Emmell
- Janssen Biotherapeutics, Janssen R&D, Spring House, Pennsylvania
| | - Mark L Chiu
- Janssen Biotherapeutics, Janssen R&D, Spring House, Pennsylvania
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25
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Bai G, Wang H, Han W, Cui N. T-Bet Expression Mediated by the mTOR Pathway Influences CD4 + T Cell Count in Mice With Lethal Candida Sepsis. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:835. [PMID: 32431684 PMCID: PMC7214724 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The sustained high morbidity and mortality of Candida sepsis are mainly caused by compromise of host immunity. Clinically, it is often manifested as a significant decrease in CD4+ T cell count, although the mechanism is unclear. We established a lethal mice Candida sepsis model and used Murine Sepsis Score to group mice with different disease severity to establish the influence of T-bet expression on CD4+ T cell count in Candida sepsis. We found that CD4+ T cell count decreased in Candida-infected compared to uninfected mice, and the degree of decrease increased with aggravation of sepsis. Expression of T-bet similarly decreased with worsening of sepsis, but it was significantly enhanced in candidiasis in comparison of naïve state. To clarify its possible mechanism, we measured the activity of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), which is a key regulator of T-bet expression. The mTOR pathway was activated after infection and its activity increased with progression of sepsis. We used mice with T-cell-specific knockout of mTOR or tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC)1 to further inhibit or strengthen the mTOR signaling pathway. We found that mTOR deletion mice had a higher CD4+ T cell count by regulating T-bet expression, and the result in TSC1 deletion mice was reversed. These results demonstrate that T-bet expression mediated by the mTOR pathway influences the CD4+ T cell count in mice with Candida sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangxu Bai
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Han
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Na Cui
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases, Beijing, China
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26
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Huang H, Long L, Zhou P, Chapman NM, Chi H. mTOR signaling at the crossroads of environmental signals and T-cell fate decisions. Immunol Rev 2020; 295:15-38. [PMID: 32212344 PMCID: PMC8101438 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The evolutionarily conserved serine/threonine kinase mTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin) forms the distinct protein complexes mTORC1 and mTORC2 and integrates signals from the environment to coordinate downstream signaling events and various cellular processes. T cells rely on mTOR activity for their development and to establish their homeostasis and functional fitness. Here, we review recent progress in our understanding of the upstream signaling and downstream targets of mTOR. We also provide an updated overview of the roles of mTOR in T-cell development, homeostasis, activation, and effector-cell fate decisions, as well as its important impacts on the suppressive activity of regulatory T cells. Moreover, we summarize the emerging roles of mTOR in T-cell exhaustion and transdifferentiation. A better understanding of the contribution of mTOR to T-cell fate decisions will ultimately aid in the therapeutic targeting of mTOR in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongling Huang
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Lingyun Long
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
- Equal contribution
| | - Peipei Zhou
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
- Equal contribution
| | - Nicole M. Chapman
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Hongbo Chi
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
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27
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Hsu CY, Fu SH, Chien MW, Liu YW, Chen SJ, Sytwu HK. Post-Translational Modifications of Transcription Factors Harnessing the Etiology and Pathophysiology in Colonic Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093207. [PMID: 32369982 PMCID: PMC7246881 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Defects in mucosal immune balance can lead to colonic diseases such as inflammatory bowel diseases and colorectal cancer. With the advancement of understanding for the immunological and molecular basis of colonic disease, therapies targeting transcription factors have become a potential approach for the treatment of colonic disease. To date, the biomedical significance of unique post-translational modifications on transcription factors has been identified, including phosphorylation, methylation, acetylation, ubiquitination, SUMOylation, and O-GlcNAcylation. This review focuses on our current understanding and the emerging evidence of how post-translational regulations modify transcription factors involved in the etiology and pathophysiology of colonic disease as well as the implications of these findings for new therapeutic approaches in these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Yuan Hsu
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, No.35, Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli 350, Taiwan; (C.-Y.H.); (S.-H.F.)
- Department and Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, No.161, Section 6, Min Chuan East Road, Neihu, Taipei 114, Taiwan; (M.-W.C.); (S.-J.C.)
| | - Shin-Huei Fu
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, No.35, Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli 350, Taiwan; (C.-Y.H.); (S.-H.F.)
- Department and Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, No.161, Section 6, Min Chuan East Road, Neihu, Taipei 114, Taiwan; (M.-W.C.); (S.-J.C.)
| | - Ming-Wei Chien
- Department and Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, No.161, Section 6, Min Chuan East Road, Neihu, Taipei 114, Taiwan; (M.-W.C.); (S.-J.C.)
| | - Yu-Wen Liu
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, No.161, Section 6, Min Chuan East Road, Neihu, Taipei 114, Taiwan;
- Molecular Cell Biology, Taiwan International Graduate Program, No.128, Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Shyi-Jou Chen
- Department and Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, No.161, Section 6, Min Chuan East Road, Neihu, Taipei 114, Taiwan; (M.-W.C.); (S.-J.C.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, No. 325, Section 2, Chenggong Rd., Neihu District, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Huey-Kang Sytwu
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, No.35, Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli 350, Taiwan; (C.-Y.H.); (S.-H.F.)
- Department and Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, No.161, Section 6, Min Chuan East Road, Neihu, Taipei 114, Taiwan; (M.-W.C.); (S.-J.C.)
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, No.161, Section 6, Min Chuan East Road, Neihu, Taipei 114, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-8792-3100 (ext. 18539); Fax: +886-2-8792-1774
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28
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Crepeau RL, Ford ML. Programmed T cell differentiation: Implications for transplantation. Cell Immunol 2020; 351:104099. [PMID: 32247511 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2020.104099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
While T cells play a critical role in protective immunity against infection, they are also responsible for graft rejection in the setting of transplantation. T cell differentiation is regulated by both intrinsic transcriptional pathways as well as extrinsic factors such as antigen encounter and the cytokine milieu. Herein, we review recent discoveries in the transcriptional regulation of T cell differentiation and their impact on the field of transplantation. Recent studies uncovering context-dependent differentiation programs that differ in the setting of infection or transplantation will also be discussed. Understanding the key transcriptional pathways that underlie T cell responses in transplantation has important clinical implications, including development of novel therapeutic agents to mitigate graft rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Crepeau
- Emory Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Emory University, 101 Woodruff Circle, Suite 5208, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - Mandy L Ford
- Emory Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Emory University, 101 Woodruff Circle, Suite 5208, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States.
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29
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Saravia J, Raynor JL, Chapman NM, Lim SA, Chi H. Signaling networks in immunometabolism. Cell Res 2020; 30:328-342. [PMID: 32203134 PMCID: PMC7118125 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-020-0301-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Adaptive immunity is essential for pathogen and tumor eradication, but may also trigger uncontrolled or pathological inflammation. T cell receptor, co-stimulatory and cytokine signals coordinately dictate specific signaling networks that trigger the activation and functional programming of T cells. In addition, cellular metabolism promotes T cell responses and is dynamically regulated through the interplay of serine/threonine kinases, immunological cues and nutrient signaling networks. In this review, we summarize the upstream regulators and signaling effectors of key serine/threonine kinase-mediated signaling networks, including PI3K–AGC kinases, mTOR and LKB1–AMPK pathways that regulate metabolism, especially in T cells. We also provide our perspectives about the pending questions and clinical applicability of immunometabolic signaling. Understanding the regulators and effectors of immunometabolic signaling networks may uncover therapeutic targets to modulate metabolic programming and T cell responses in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordy Saravia
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Jana L Raynor
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Nicole M Chapman
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Seon Ah Lim
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Hongbo Chi
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA.
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30
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Pritchard GH, Kedl RM, Hunter CA. The evolving role of T-bet in resistance to infection. Nat Rev Immunol 2020; 19:398-410. [PMID: 30846856 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-019-0145-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The identification of T-bet as a key transcription factor associated with the development of IFNγ-producing CD4+ T cells predicted a crucial role for T-bet in cell-mediated immunity and in resistance to many intracellular infections. This idea was reinforced by initial reports showing that T-bet-deficient mice were more susceptible to pathogens that survived within the lysosomal system of macrophages. However, subsequent studies revealed IFNγ-dependent, T-bet-independent pathways of resistance to diverse classes of microorganisms that occupy other intracellular niches. Consequently, a more complex picture has emerged of how T-bet and the related transcription factor eomesodermin (EOMES) coordinate many facets of the immune response to bona fide pathogens as well as commensals. This article provides an overview of the discovery and evolutionary relationship between T-bet and EOMES and highlights the studies that have uncovered broader functions of T-bet in innate and adaptive immunity and in the development of the effector and memory T cell populations that mediate long-term resistance to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gretchen Harms Pritchard
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ross M Kedl
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Christopher A Hunter
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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31
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Jia R, Liu S, Xu J, Liang X. IL16 deficiency enhances Th1 and cytotoxic T lymphocyte response against influenza A virus infection. Biosci Trends 2019; 13:516-522. [PMID: 31852865 DOI: 10.5582/bst.2019.01286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ran Jia
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaozhen Liang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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32
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Geltink RIK, Kyle RL, Pearce EL. Unraveling the Complex Interplay Between T Cell Metabolism and Function. Annu Rev Immunol 2019; 36:461-488. [PMID: 29677474 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-042617-053019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 494] [Impact Index Per Article: 98.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Metabolism drives function, on both an organismal and a cellular level. In T cell biology, metabolic remodeling is intrinsically linked to cellular development, activation, function, differentiation, and survival. After naive T cells are activated, increased demands for metabolic currency in the form of ATP, as well as biomass for cell growth, proliferation, and the production of effector molecules, are met by rewiring cellular metabolism. Consequently, pharmacological strategies are being developed to perturb or enhance selective metabolic processes that are skewed in immune-related pathologies. Here we review the most recent advances describing the metabolic changes that occur during the T cell lifecycle. We discuss how T cell metabolism can have profound effects on health and disease and where it might be a promising target to treat a variety of pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramon I Klein Geltink
- Department of Immunometabolism, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg 79108, Germany;
| | - Ryan L Kyle
- Department of Immunometabolism, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg 79108, Germany;
| | - Erika L Pearce
- Department of Immunometabolism, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg 79108, Germany;
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33
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MicroRNA-92a Drives Th1 Responses in the Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. Inflammation 2018; 42:235-245. [PMID: 30411211 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-018-0887-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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34
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Chalmin F, Humblin E, Ghiringhelli F, Végran F. Transcriptional Programs Underlying Cd4 T Cell Differentiation and Functions. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 341:1-61. [PMID: 30262030 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the basis of cellular differentiation is a fundamental issue in developmental biology but also for the comprehension of pathological processes. In fact, the palette of developmental decisions for naive CD4 T cells is a critical aspect of the development of appropriate immune responses which could control infectious processes or cancer growth. However, the current accumulation of data on CD4 T cells biology reveals a complex world with different helper populations. Naive CD4 T cells can differentiate into different subtypes in response to cytokine stimulation. This stimulation involves a complex transcriptional network implicating the activation of Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription but also master regulator transcription factors allowing the functions of each helper T lymphocyte subtype. In this review, we will present an overview of the transcriptional regulation which controls process of helper T cells differentiation. We will focus on the role of initiator transcriptional factors and on master regulators but also on other nonspecific transcriptional factors which refine the T helper polarization to stabilize or modulate the differentiation program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Chalmin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Georges-François Leclerc, Dijon, France; Centre de Recherche INSERM LNC-UMR1231, Dijon, France; Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Etienne Humblin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Georges-François Leclerc, Dijon, France; Centre de Recherche INSERM LNC-UMR1231, Dijon, France; Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - François Ghiringhelli
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Georges-François Leclerc, Dijon, France; Centre de Recherche INSERM LNC-UMR1231, Dijon, France; Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France; Platform of Transfer in Cancer Biology, Centre Georges-François Leclerc, Dijon, France
| | - Frédérique Végran
- Centre de Recherche INSERM LNC-UMR1231, Dijon, France; Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France; Platform of Transfer in Cancer Biology, Centre Georges-François Leclerc, Dijon, France
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35
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Milner JD. TCR Signaling Abnormalities in Human Th2-Associated Atopic Disease. Front Immunol 2018; 9:719. [PMID: 29713322 PMCID: PMC5911486 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Stimulation of naïve CD4 T cells with weak T cell receptor agonists even in the absence of T helper-skewing cytokines can result in IL-4 production which can drive a Th2 response. Evidence for the in vivo consequences of such a phenomenon can be found in a number of mouse models and, importantly, a series of monogenic human diseases associated with significant atopy which are caused by mutations in the T cell receptor signaling cascade. Such diseases can help understand how Th2 responses evolve in humans, and potentially provide insight into therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D Milner
- Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
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