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Zuliani JP, Yamanouye N, Gutiérrez JM, Teixeira C. PKC-α is involved in the signaling of phagocytosis induced by two snake venom secretory PLA 2S in macrophages. Toxicon 2024; 247:107824. [PMID: 38908525 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.107824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
Phagocytosis, an essential process for host defense, requires the coordination of a variety of signaling reactions. MT-II, an enzymatically inactive Lys49 phospholipase A2 (PLA2) homolog, and MT-III, a catalytically-active Asp49 PLA2, are known to activate phagocytosis in macrophages. In this study, the signaling pathways mediating phagocytosis, focusing on protein kinases, were investigated. Macrophages from male Swiss mice peritoneum were obtained 96 h after intraperitoneal thioglycolate injection. Phagocytosis was evaluated using non-opsonized zymosan particles in the presence or absence of specific inhibitors, as well as PKC and PKC-α localization by confocal microscopy. Moreover, protein kinase C (PKC) activity was assessed by γP32 ATP in macrophages stimulated by both PLA2s. Data showed that both sPLA2s increased phagocytosis. Cytochalasin D, staurosporine/H7, wortmannin, and herbimycin, inhibitors of actin polymerization, PKC, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), and protein tyrosine kinase (PTK), respectively, significantly reduced phagocytosis induced by both PLA2s. PKC activity was increased in macrophages stimulated by both PLA2s. Actin polymerization and talin were evidenced by immunofluorescence and talin was recruited 5 min after both PLA2s stimulation. PKC and PKC-α localization within the cell were increased after 60 min of MT-II and MT-III stimulation. These data suggest that the effect of both PLA2s depends on actin cytoskeleton rearrangements and the activation of PKC, PI3K, and PTK signaling events required for phagocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Pavan Zuliani
- Laboratório de Farmacologia - Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil; Laboratório de Imunologia Celular Aplicada à Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Rondônia/FIOCRUZ-RO, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil; Dep. Medicina, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, UNIR, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil.
| | - Norma Yamanouye
- Laboratório de Farmacologia - Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - José María Gutiérrez
- Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Catarina Teixeira
- Laboratório de Farmacologia - Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil.
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2
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Huo W, Takayama K, Miki K, Nogita K, Shao S, Suzuki A, Morimoto T, Mu H, Ohe K. AIE-ESIPT Photoluminescent Probe Based on 3-(3-Hydroxypyridin-2-yl)isoquinolin-4-ol for the Detection of Intracellular Hydrogen Peroxide. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202401451. [PMID: 38803241 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) molecules, which feature large Stokes shifts to avoid self-absorption, play an essential role in photoluminescent bioimaging probes. Herein, we report the development of an ESIPT molecule 3-(3-hydroxypyridin-2-yl)isoquinolin-4-ol (PiQ). PiQ not only undergoes a distinct ESIPT process unlike the symmetrical 2,2'-bipyridyl-3,3'-diol but also exhibits aggregation-induced emission (AIE) characteristics. PiQ self-assembles into aggregates with an average size of 241.0±51.9 nm in aqueous solutions, leading to significantly enhanced photoluminescence. On the basis of the ESIPT and AIE characteristics of PiQ, the latter is functionalized with a hydrogen peroxide-responsive 4-pinacoratoborylbenzyl group (B) and a carboxylesterase-responsive acetyl group (A) to produce a photoluminescent probe B-PiQ-A. The potential of PiQ for applications in bioimaging and chemical sensing is underscored by its efficient detection of both endogenous and exogenous hydrogen peroxide in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Huo
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kohei Takayama
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Koji Miki
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kohei Nogita
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Shuai Shao
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Ayako Suzuki
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Takashi Morimoto
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Huiying Mu
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kouichi Ohe
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
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3
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Luo X, Cheng S, Zhang W, Dou K, Wang R, Yu F. Near-Infrared Fluorescence Probe for Indication of the Pathological Stages of Wound Healing Process and Its Clinical Application. ACS Sens 2024; 9:810-819. [PMID: 38243350 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c02147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Chronic wound healing is one of the most complicated biological processes in human life, which is also a serious challenge for human health. During the healing process, multiple biological pathways are activated, and various kinds of reactive oxygen species participate in this process. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) involves in chronic wounds and its concentration is fluctuated in different pathological stages during the wound healing process. Therefore, H2O2 may be recognized as a powerful biomarker to indicate the wound healing process. However, the pathological roles of H2O2 cannot be fully understood yet. Herein, we proposed a near-infrared fluorescent probe DCM-H2O2 for highly sensitive and rapid detection of H2O2 in living cells and scald and incision wound mice models. DCM-H2O2 exhibited a low detection limit and high specificity with low cytotoxicity for H2O2, which had great potential for its application in vivo. The probe was successfully utilized to monitor the fluctuation of endogenous H2O2 in the proliferation process of human immortalized epidermal (HACAT) cells, which confirmed that H2O2 participated in the cells' proliferation activity through a growth factor signaling pathway. In the scald and incision wound mice models, H2O2 concentration fluctuations at different pathological stages during the wound healing process could be obtained by in vivo fluorescence imaging. Finally, H2O2 concentrations in different stages of human diabetic foot tissues were also confirmed by the proposed probe. We expect that H2O2 could be a sensitive biomarker to indicate the wound healing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianzhu Luo
- Key Laboratory of Hainan Trauma and Disaster Rescue, Department of Wound Repair, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
- Engineering Research Center for Hainan Bio-Smart Materials and Bio-Medical Devices, Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Hainan Functional Materials and Molecular Imaging, College of Emergency and Trauma, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Shaowen Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Hainan Trauma and Disaster Rescue, Department of Wound Repair, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Hainan Trauma and Disaster Rescue, Department of Wound Repair, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
- Engineering Research Center for Hainan Bio-Smart Materials and Bio-Medical Devices, Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Hainan Functional Materials and Molecular Imaging, College of Emergency and Trauma, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Kun Dou
- Key Laboratory of Hainan Trauma and Disaster Rescue, Department of Wound Repair, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
- Engineering Research Center for Hainan Bio-Smart Materials and Bio-Medical Devices, Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Hainan Functional Materials and Molecular Imaging, College of Emergency and Trauma, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Hainan Trauma and Disaster Rescue, Department of Wound Repair, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
- Engineering Research Center for Hainan Bio-Smart Materials and Bio-Medical Devices, Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Hainan Functional Materials and Molecular Imaging, College of Emergency and Trauma, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Fabiao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Hainan Trauma and Disaster Rescue, Department of Wound Repair, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
- Engineering Research Center for Hainan Bio-Smart Materials and Bio-Medical Devices, Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Hainan Functional Materials and Molecular Imaging, College of Emergency and Trauma, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
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4
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Uribe-Querol E, Rosales C. Phagocytosis. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2813:39-64. [PMID: 38888769 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3890-3_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
One hundred years have passed since the death of Élie Metchnikoff (1845-1916). He was the first to observe the uptake of particles by cells and realized the importance of this process, named phagocytosis, for the host response to injury and infection. He also was a strong advocate of the role of phagocytosis in cellular immunity, and with this, he gave us the basis for our modern understanding of inflammation and the innate immune response. Phagocytosis is an elegant but complex process for the ingestion and elimination of pathogens, but it is also important for the elimination of apoptotic cells and hence fundamental for tissue homeostasis. Phagocytosis can be divided into four main steps: (i) recognition of the target particle, (ii) signaling to activate the internalization machinery, (iii) phagosome formation, and (iv) phagolysosome maturation. In this chapter, we present a general view of our current knowledge on phagocytosis performed mainly by professional phagocytes through antibody and complement receptors and discuss aspects that remain incompletely understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eileen Uribe-Querol
- Laboratorio de Biología del Desarrollo, División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Carlos Rosales
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
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Cao X, Lai SWT, Chen S, Wang S, Feng M. Targeting tumor-associated macrophages for cancer immunotherapy. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 368:61-108. [PMID: 35636930 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2022.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are one of the most abundant immune components in the tumor microenvironment and play a plethora of roles in regulating tumorigenesis. Therefore, the therapeutic targeting of TAMs has emerged as a new paradigm for immunotherapy of cancer. Herein, the review summarizes the origin, polarization, and function of TAMs in the progression of malignant diseases. The understanding of such knowledge leads to several distinct therapeutic strategies to manipulate TAMs to battle cancer, which include those to reduce TAM abundance, such as depleting TAMs or inhibiting their recruitment and differentiation, and those to harness or boost the anti-tumor activities of TAMs such as blocking phagocytosis checkpoints, inducing antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis, and reprogramming TAM polarization. In addition, modulation of TAMs may reshape the tumor microenvironment and therefore synergize with other cancer therapeutics. Therefore, the rational combination of TAM-targeting therapeutics with conventional therapies including radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and other immunotherapies is also reviewed. Overall, targeting TAMs presents itself as a promising strategy to add to the growing repertoire of treatment approaches in the fight against cancer, and it is hopeful that these approaches currently being pioneered will serve to vastly improve patient outcomes and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Cao
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, United States.
| | - Seigmund W T Lai
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Siqi Chen
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Sadira Wang
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Mingye Feng
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, United States.
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6
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Chang ZW, Chang CC. In vivo study of a novel protein kinase C that mediates immunocompetence and catecholamine biosynthesis in hemocytes of Litopenaeus vannamei by using its potential competitive inhibitor, bisindolylmaleimide I. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 122:87-97. [PMID: 35122947 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study applied bisindolylmaleimide I (BSM), a pharmacological competitive inhibitor of protein kinase C (PKC) enzymatic activity, at 1.25 pmol shrimp-1 for 60 min to investigate the potential involvement of PKC in signal transduction pathways in the hemocytes of Litopenaeus vannamei. A novel PKC in L. vannamei (LvnPKC) was identified and characterized and was determined to be involved in mediating the neuroendocrine-immune regulatory network. The hemocytes of L. vannamei that receive BSM exhibit significantly decreased PKC activity and LvnPKC gene and protein expression levels. Furthermore, the total hemocyte count, hyaline cells, and semigranular cells increased significantly along with significant decreases in granular cells, and meanwhile, the significantly increased phenoloxidase activity, respiratory bursts, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, phagocytic activity, and neutrophil extracellular trap were observed; however, phagocytic activity decreased significantly. In a molecular model, the gene expressions of lipopolysaccharide- and β-1,3-glucan-binding protein, peroxinectin, cytosolic manganese SOD, mitochondrial manganese SOD, and copper/zinc SOD in the hemocytes of L. vannamei that had received BSM decreased significantly, but prophenoloxidase I increased significantly. In catecholamine biosynthesis, tyrosine, dopamine, and norepinephrine decreased significantly in the hemocytes of L. vannamei that had received BSM, and l-dihydroxyphenylalanine increased. Moreover, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) activity increased significantly, whereas TH and dihydroxyphenylalanine decarboxylase gene expression decreased significantly. These findings suggest that BSM inhibits PKC activity in hemocytes in which LvnPKC gene and protein expression are also inhibited. Additionally, the hemocytes' immunocompetence, including their prophenoloxidase and antioxidant systems, phagocytic activity, and catecholamine biosynthesis, was disrupted, confirming the roles of LvnPKC in mediating the neuroendocrine-immune regulatory network in hemocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Wen Chang
- Department of Aquaculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chyuan Chang
- Department of Aquaculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan.
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7
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Liu J, Si S, Xu J, Xue P, Li K. Construction of synergistic pH/H 2O 2-responsive prodrug for prolonging blood circulation and accelerating cellular internalization. Bioorg Chem 2021; 119:105510. [PMID: 34847429 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a real-time and multifunctional doxifluridine-conjugate prodrug (LYX), which involved the preliminary methylfluorescein with 5-fluorouracil linker as protecting group, the targeting biotin unit, and a model therapeutic drug (doxifluridine). The shielding group (5'-DFUR) was found to be effective in prolonging circulation at physiological pH 7.4 and improving accumulation in the acidic microenvironment of the tumor. Based on this strategy, the stability and stimulus responsive properties of prodrug could enhance drug release efficiency and exhibit fewer side effects, thereby providing a unique opportunity for diagnosis and imaging additional analytes or enzymatic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hexi University, Zhangye City 734000, Gansu Province, PR China.
| | - Shuang Si
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hexi University, Zhangye City 734000, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - Jinyi Xu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hexi University, Zhangye City 734000, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - Peng Xue
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hexi University, Zhangye City 734000, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - Kaipeng Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hexi University, Zhangye City 734000, Gansu Province, PR China
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8
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D'Amico AE, Wong AC, Zajd CM, Zhang X, Murali A, Trebak M, Lennartz MR. PKC-ε regulates vesicle delivery and focal exocytosis for efficient IgG-mediated phagocytosis. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:jcs258886. [PMID: 34622926 PMCID: PMC8627556 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.258886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase C (PKC)-ε is required for membrane addition during IgG-mediated phagocytosis, but its role in this process is ill defined. Here, we performed high-resolution imaging, which reveals that PKC-ε exits the Golgi and enters phagosomes on vesicles that then fuse. TNF and PKC-ε colocalize at the Golgi and on vesicles that enter the phagosome. Loss of PKC-ε and TNF delivery upon nocodazole treatment confirmed vesicular transport on microtubules. That TNF+ vesicles were not delivered in macrophages from PKC-ε null mice, or upon dissociation of the Golgi-associated pool of PKC-ε, implies that Golgi-tethered PKC-ε is a driver of Golgi-to-phagosome trafficking. Finally, we established that the regulatory domain of PKC-ε is sufficient for delivery of TNF+ vesicles to the phagosome. These studies reveal a novel role for PKC-ε in focal exocytosis - its regulatory domain drives Golgi-derived vesicles to the phagosome, whereas catalytic activity is required for their fusion. This is one of the first examples of a PKC requirement for vesicular trafficking and describes a novel function for a PKC regulatory domain. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna E. D'Amico
- Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Ave MC-165, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Alexander C. Wong
- Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Ave MC-165, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Cheryl M. Zajd
- Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Ave MC-165, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Xuexin Zhang
- Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Dr., Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Ananya Murali
- Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Ave MC-165, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Mohamed Trebak
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 2550 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15231, USA
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9
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Chaves LD, Abyad S, Honan AM, Bryniarski MA, McSkimming DI, Stahura CM, Wells SC, Ruszaj DM, Morris ME, Quigg RJ, Yacoub R. Unconjugated p-cresol activates macrophage macropinocytosis leading to increased LDL uptake. JCI Insight 2021; 6:144410. [PMID: 33914709 PMCID: PMC8262368 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.144410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease suffer from increased cardiovascular events and cardiac mortality. Prior studies have demonstrated that a portion of this enhanced risk can be attributed to the accumulation of microbiota-derived toxic metabolites, with most studies focusing on the sulfonated form of p-cresol (PCS). However, unconjugated p-cresol (uPC) itself was never assessed due to rapid and extensive first-pass metabolism that results in negligible serum concentrations of uPC. These reports thus failed to consider the host exposure to uPC prior to hepatic metabolism. In the current study, not only did we measure the effect of altering the intestinal microbiota on lipid accumulation in coronary arteries, but we also examined macrophage lipid uptake and handling pathways in response to uPC. We found that atherosclerosis-prone mice fed a high-fat diet exhibited significantly higher coronary artery lipid deposits upon receiving fecal material from CKD mice. Furthermore, treatment with uPC increased total cholesterol, triglycerides, and hepatic and aortic fatty deposits in non-CKD mice. Studies employing an in vitro macrophage model demonstrated that uPC exposure increased apoptosis whereas PCS did not. Additionally, uPC exhibited higher potency than PCS to stimulate LDL uptake and only uPC induced endocytosis- and pinocytosis-related genes. Pharmacological inhibition of varying cholesterol influx and efflux systems indicated that uPC increased macrophage LDL uptake by activating macropinocytosis. Overall, these findings indicate that uPC itself had a distinct effect on macrophage biology that might have contributed to increased cardiovascular risk in patients with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee D Chaves
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, and.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Sham Abyad
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, and
| | - Amanda M Honan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, and
| | - Mark A Bryniarski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Daniel I McSkimming
- Department of Medicine, Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Core, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Corrine M Stahura
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, and
| | - Steven C Wells
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, and
| | - Donna M Ruszaj
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Marilyn E Morris
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Richard J Quigg
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, and
| | - Rabi Yacoub
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, and
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10
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Potential role of diacylglycerol kinases in immune-mediated diseases. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 134:1637-1658. [PMID: 32608491 DOI: 10.1042/cs20200389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism promoting exacerbated immune responses in allergy and autoimmunity as well as those blunting the immune control of cancer cells are of primary interest in medicine. Diacylglycerol kinases (DGKs) are key modulators of signal transduction, which blunt diacylglycerol (DAG) signals and produce phosphatidic acid (PA). By modulating lipid second messengers, DGK modulate the activity of downstream signaling proteins, vesicle trafficking and membrane shape. The biological role of the DGK α and ζ isoforms in immune cells differentiation and effector function was subjected to in deep investigations. DGK α and ζ resulted in negatively regulating synergistic way basal and receptor induced DAG signals in T cells as well as leukocytes. In this way, they contributed to keep under control the immune response but also downmodulate immune response against tumors. Alteration in DGKα activity is also implicated in the pathogenesis of genetic perturbations of the immune function such as the X-linked lymphoproliferative disease 1 and localized juvenile periodontitis. These findings suggested a participation of DGK to the pathogenetic mechanisms underlying several immune-mediated diseases and prompted several researches aiming to target DGK with pharmacologic and molecular strategies. Those findings are discussed inhere together with experimental applications in tumors as well as in other immune-mediated diseases such as asthma.
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11
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Infectious Complications of Acute Pancreatitis Is Associated with Peripheral Blood Phagocyte Functional Exhaustion. Dig Dis Sci 2021; 66:121-130. [PMID: 32170475 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-020-06172-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infected pancreatic necrosis is one of the most severe complications of acute pancreatitis (AP). The development of secondary infection doubles the risk of death during the late stage of necrotizing pancreatitis. Phagocytes play a major role in AP pathogenesis, as well as in local and systemic complications of the disease. AIMS We aimed to investigate the relationship between quantitative and functional indices of circulating phagocyte at the time of admission and onset of infectious complications in patients with AP afterward. METHODS A post hoc analysis of 97 patients with AP was conducted. The metabolic state of peripheral blood neutrophils and monocytes was analyzed based on their phagocytic activity and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which were determined by flow cytometry on admission. The clinical end point was marked by onset of infectious complications of AP. RESULTS On admission, baseline values and reactivity reserve of monocyte and neutrophil phagocytic activity in AP patients, who developed septic complications, were substantially decreased, whereas monocyte ROS generation was dramatically increased as compared to the group without infectious processes. ROC curve was obtained both for neutrophil and monocyte phagocytosis reactivity reserve expressed as modulation coefficient values and categorized as the risk factor of infectious complications, showing an area under curve of 0.95 (P < 0.0001) and 0.84 (P < 0.0001), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Early (at the time of admission) detection of quantitative and functional indices of circulating phagocytes can be useful for the prediction of septic complications in SAP patients.
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12
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Chen X, Ren X, Zhang L, Liu Z, Hai Z. Mitochondria-Targeted Fluorescent and Photoacoustic Imaging of Hydrogen Peroxide in Inflammation. Anal Chem 2020; 92:14244-14250. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c03506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Chen
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials, Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Xingxing Ren
- Institute of Immunology and the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Lele Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials, Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Zhengjie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials, Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Zijuan Hai
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials, Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
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13
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Zhu H, Tamura T, Fujisawa A, Nishikawa Y, Cheng R, Takato M, Hamachi I. Imaging and Profiling of Proteins under Oxidative Conditions in Cells and Tissues by Hydrogen-Peroxide-Responsive Labeling. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:15711-15721. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c02547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhu
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Tomonori Tamura
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- ERATO, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 5 Sanbancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0075, Japan
| | - Alma Fujisawa
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yuki Nishikawa
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Rong Cheng
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Mikiko Takato
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Itaru Hamachi
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- ERATO, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 5 Sanbancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0075, Japan
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14
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Uribe-Querol E, Rosales C. Phagocytosis: Our Current Understanding of a Universal Biological Process. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1066. [PMID: 32582172 PMCID: PMC7280488 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 278] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Phagocytosis is a cellular process for ingesting and eliminating particles larger than 0.5 μm in diameter, including microorganisms, foreign substances, and apoptotic cells. Phagocytosis is found in many types of cells and it is, in consequence an essential process for tissue homeostasis. However, only specialized cells termed professional phagocytes accomplish phagocytosis with high efficiency. Macrophages, neutrophils, monocytes, dendritic cells, and osteoclasts are among these dedicated cells. These professional phagocytes express several phagocytic receptors that activate signaling pathways resulting in phagocytosis. The process of phagocytosis involves several phases: i) detection of the particle to be ingested, ii) activation of the internalization process, iii) formation of a specialized vacuole called phagosome, and iv) maturation of the phagosome to transform it into a phagolysosome. In this review, we present a general view of our current understanding on cells, phagocytic receptors and phases involved in phagocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eileen Uribe-Querol
- División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos Rosales
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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15
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Zajd CM, Ziemba AM, Miralles GM, Nguyen T, Feustel PJ, Dunn SM, Gilbert RJ, Lennartz MR. Bone Marrow-Derived and Elicited Peritoneal Macrophages Are Not Created Equal: The Questions Asked Dictate the Cell Type Used. Front Immunol 2020; 11:269. [PMID: 32153579 PMCID: PMC7047825 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are a heterogeneous and plastic population of cells whose phenotype changes in response to their environment. Macrophage biologists utilize peritoneal (pMAC) and bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) for in vitro studies. Given that pMACs mature in vivo while BMDM are ex vivo differentiated from stem cells, it is likely that their responses differ under experimental conditions. Surprisingly little is known about how BMDM and pMACs responses compare under the same experimental conditionals. While morphologically similar with respect to forward and side scatter by flow cytometry, reports in the literature suggest that pMACs are more mature than their BMDM counterparts. Given the dearth of information comparing BMDM and pMACs, this work was undertaken to test the hypothesis that elicited pMACs are more responsive to defined conditions, including phagocytosis, respiratory burst, polarization, and cytokine and chemokine release. In all cases, our hypothesis was disproved. At steady state, BMDM are more phagocytic (both rate and extent) than elicited pMACs. In response to polarization, they upregulate chemokine and cytokine gene expression and release more cytokines. The results demonstrate that BMDM are generally more responsive and poised to respond to their environment, while pMAC responses are, in comparison, less pronounced. BMDM responses are a function of intrinsic differences, while pMAC responses reflect their differentiation in the context of the whole animal. This distinction may be important in knockout animals, where the pMAC phenotype may be influenced by the absence of the gene of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl M Zajd
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Alexis M Ziemba
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, United States
| | - Grace M Miralles
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Terry Nguyen
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Paul J Feustel
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Stanley M Dunn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, United States
| | - Ryan J Gilbert
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, United States
| | - Michelle R Lennartz
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States
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16
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Taverner WK, Jacobus EJ, Christianson J, Champion B, Paton AW, Paton JC, Su W, Cawood R, Seymour LW, Lei-Rossmann J. Calcium Influx Caused by ER Stress Inducers Enhances Oncolytic Adenovirus Enadenotucirev Replication and Killing through PKCα Activation. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2019; 15:117-130. [PMID: 31890865 PMCID: PMC6931121 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2019.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses represent an emerging approach to cancer therapy. However, better understanding of their interaction with the host cancer cell and approaches to enhance their efficacy are needed. Here, we investigate the effect of chemically induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress on the activity of the chimeric group B adenovirus Enadenotucirev, its closely related parental virus Ad11p, and the archetypal group C oncolytic adenovirus Ad5. We show that treatment of colorectal and ovarian cancer cell lines with thapsigargin or ionomycin caused an influx of Ca2+, leading to an upregulation in E1A transcript and protein levels. Increased E1A protein levels, in turn, increased levels of expression of the E2B viral DNA polymerase, genome replication, late viral protein expression, infectious virus particle production, and cell killing during Enadenotucirev and Ad11p, but not Ad5, infection. This effect was not due to the induction of ER stress, but rather the influx of extracellular Ca2+ and consequent increase in protein kinase C activity. These results underscore the importance of Ca2+ homeostasis during adenoviral infection, indicate a signaling pathway between protein kinase C and E1A, and raise the possibility of using Ca2+ flux-modulating agents in the manufacture and potentiation of oncolytic virotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- William K. Taverner
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Egon J. Jacobus
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - John Christianson
- NDORMS, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK
| | - Brian Champion
- PsiOxus Therapeutics, Ltd., Milton Park, Abingdon OX14 3YS, UK
| | - Adrienne W. Paton
- Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, Department of Molecular and Biomedical Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia
| | - James C. Paton
- Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, Department of Molecular and Biomedical Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia
| | - Weiheng Su
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Ryan Cawood
- Oxford Genetics Ltd., Medawar Centre, Robert Robinson Avenue, Oxford OX4 4HG, UK
| | - Len W. Seymour
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Janet Lei-Rossmann
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
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17
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Dai YD, Sun XY, Sun W, Yang JB, Liu R, Luo Y, Zhang T, Tian Y, Lu ZL, He L. H 2O 2-responsive polymeric micelles with a benzil moiety for efficient DOX delivery and AIE imaging. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:5570-5577. [PMID: 31114827 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob00859d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Nano drug delivery is a promising domain in biomedical theranostics and has aroused more and more attention in recent years. We report here an amphiphilic polymer TPG1, bearing a H2O2-sensitive benzil and an AIE fluorophore tetraphenylethene (TPE) unit, which is able to self-assemble into spherical nanosized micelles in aqueous solution. Doxorubicin (DOX) can be encapsulated into TPG1 micelles efficiently with the loading capability of up to 59% by weight. The benzil moiety could be cleaved via the Baeyer-Villiger type reaction in the presence of H2O2, leading to the decomposition of TPG1 micelles and release of DOX. In vitro studies indicated that DOX-loaded TPG1 micelles can be internalized by cancer cells, followed by unloading encapsulated DOX under the stimulation of H2O2. The drug release process can be monitored by the AIE fluorescence from the degradation products containing a TPE moiety. MTT assays against HeLa and HepG2 cancer cells demonstrated that DOX-loaded micelles showed good anticancer efficacy. The polymer TPG1 and the corresponding decomposed products showed great biocompatibility. Our data suggest that TPG1 has the potential to be employed for the controlled drug delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Dong Dai
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Institute of Chemical Drug Control, TianTanXiLi 2, Beijing, 100050, China.
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18
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Ingram S, Mengozzi M, Sacre S, Mullen L, Ghezzi P. Differential induction of nuclear factor-like 2 signature genes with toll-like receptor stimulation. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 135:245-250. [PMID: 30894323 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is associated with production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and results in the induction of thioredoxin (TXN) and peroxiredoxins (PRDXs) and activation of nuclear factor-like 2 (Nrf2). In this study we have used the mouse RAW 264.7 macrophage and the human THP-1 monocyte cell line to investigate the pattern of expression of three Nrf2 target genes, PRDX1, TXN reductase (TXNRD1) and heme oxygenase (HMOX1), by activation of different Toll-like receptors (TLRs). We found that, while the TLR4 agonist lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces all three genes, the pattern of induction with agonists for TLR1/2, TLR3, TLR2/6 and TLR7/8 differs depending on the gene and the cell line. In all cases, the extent of induction was HMOX1>TXNRD1>PRDX1. Since LPS was a good inducer of all genes in both cell lines, we studied the mechanisms mediating LPS induction of the three genes using mouse RAW 264.7 cells. To assess the role of ROS we used the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC). Only LPS induction of HMOX1 was inhibited by NAC while that of TXNRD1 and PRDX1 was unaffected. These three genes were also induced by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), a ROS-inducer acting by activation of protein kinase C (PKC). The protein kinase inhibitor staurosporine inhibited the induction of all three genes by PMA but only that of HMOX1 by LPS. This indicates that activation of these genes by inflammatory agents is regulated by different mechanisms involving either ROS or protein kinases, or both.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Ingram
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Falmer, BN1 9PS, United Kingdom
| | - Manuela Mengozzi
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Falmer, BN1 9PS, United Kingdom
| | - Sandra Sacre
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Falmer, BN1 9PS, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa Mullen
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Falmer, BN1 9PS, United Kingdom
| | - Pietro Ghezzi
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Falmer, BN1 9PS, United Kingdom.
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19
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Chang ZW, Chang CC. Involvement of a novel protein kinase C (nPKC) in immunocompetence in hemocytes of white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 87:590-599. [PMID: 30738864 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Complementary (c)DNA encoding novel protein kinase C (PKC) messenger (m)RNA of the white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei, consisted of 2454-bp cDNA containing an open reading frame (ORF) of 2232 bp, belonging to the novel (n)PKC family of proteins characterized by their containing two phorbol ester/diacylglycerol-binding domains (C1 domain), a C2 domain, and a catalytic domain of the serine/threonine kinase, designated LvnPKC. A comparison of amino acid sequences showed that LvnPKC was closely related to arthropod nPKC. LvnPKC cDNA was detected in all tested tissues with a real-time PCR including the hepatopancreas, gills, muscles, subcuticular epithelium, abdominal nerve, thoracic nerve, brain, the stomach, heart, and especially in hemocytes and the intestines. Moreover, significantly upregulated LvnPKC expression was only observed in the eyestalk, brain, and hepatopancreas of shrimp transferred from 28 °C to 18 °C for 30 min. Induction of LvnPKC expression in hemocytes of L. vannamei injected with Vibrio alginolyticus at 105 cfu shrimp-1 was detected earlier than in those injected with 103 cfu shrimp-1. Shrimp received LvnPKC-dsRNA for 1 days specifically depleted the expression of LvnPKC mRNA in hemocytes compared those of diethylpyrocarbonate water treatment. After that, significantly decreased expressions of lipopolysaccharide - and β-1,3-glucan-binding protein, prophenoloxidase-activating enzyme, peroxinectin, prophenoloxidase I, and prophenoloxidase II in the prophenoloxidase-activating system; lysozyme and cytosolic manganese superoxide dismutase and mitochondrial manganese superoxide dismutase in the antioxidant system were observed. We therefore concluded that LvnPKC is involved in immune defense of L. vannamei exposed to hypothermal stress or infected with V. alginolyticus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Wen Chang
- Department of Aquaculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chin-Chyuan Chang
- Department of Aquaculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan, ROC.
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20
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Singla B, Lin HP, Ghoshal P, Cherian-Shaw M, Csányi G. PKCδ stimulates macropinocytosis via activation of SSH1-cofilin pathway. Cell Signal 2018; 53:111-121. [PMID: 30261270 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2018.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Macropinocytosis is an actin-dependent endocytic mechanism mediating internalization of extracellular fluid and associated solutes into cells. The present study was designed to identify the specific protein kinase C (PKC) isoform(s) and downstream effectors regulating actin dynamics during macropinocytosis. We utilized various cellular and molecular biology techniques, pharmacological inhibitors and genetically modified mice to study the signaling mechanisms mediating macropinocytosis in macrophages. The qRT-PCR experiments identified PKCδ as the predominant PKC isoform in macrophages. Scanning electron microscopy and flow cytometry analysis of FITC-dextran internalization demonstrated the functional role of PKCδ in phorbol ester- and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)-induced macropinocytosis. Western blot analysis demonstrated that phorbol ester and HGF stimulate activation of slingshot phosphatase homolog 1 (SSH1) and induce cofilin Ser-3 dephosphorylation via PKCδ in macrophages. Silencing of SSH1 inhibited cofilin dephosphorylation and macropinocytosis stimulation. Interestingly, we also found that incubation of macrophages with BMS-5, a potent inhibitor of LIM kinase, does not stimulate macropinocytosis. In conclusion, the findings of the present study demonstrate a previously unidentified mechanism by which PKCδ via activation of SSH1 and cofilin dephosphorylation stimulates membrane ruffle formation and macropinocytosis. The results of the present study may contribute to a better understanding of the regulatory mechanisms during macrophage macropinocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhupesh Singla
- Vascular Biology Center, 1460 Laney Walker Blvd., Augusta University, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Hui-Ping Lin
- Vascular Biology Center, 1460 Laney Walker Blvd., Augusta University, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Pushpankur Ghoshal
- Vascular Biology Center, 1460 Laney Walker Blvd., Augusta University, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Mary Cherian-Shaw
- Vascular Biology Center, 1460 Laney Walker Blvd., Augusta University, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Gábor Csányi
- Vascular Biology Center, 1460 Laney Walker Blvd., Augusta University, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 1460 Laney Walker Blvd., Augusta University, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
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21
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Feng W, Li J, Liao S, Ma S, Li F, Zhong C, Li G, Wei Y, Huang H, Wei Q, Yao J, Liu Y. Gö6983 attenuates titanium particle-induced osteolysis and RANKL mediated osteoclastogenesis through the suppression of NFκB/JNK/p38 pathways. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 503:62-70. [PMID: 29856998 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.05.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Osteoclast activation by wear particles has caused major difficulties for surgeons. Wear particles are the main causes of aseptic prosthetic loosening. Gö6983, a protein kinase C inhibitor, inhibits five subtypes of protein kinase C family members. Here, we found that Gö6983 had an obviously inhibitory effect on wear-particles-induced osteolysis in vivo. In vitro, Gö6983 inhibited RANKL-stimulated osteoclast formation and function by inhibiting the RANKL-stimulated nuclear factor-κB/JNK/p38 signaling pathway. We also observed that Go6983 had no effect on the differentiation of osteoblasts and osteoblast-associated genes expression. According to our data, Gö6983 has potential therapeutic effects for aseptic prosthetic loosening caused by osteoclast activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyu Feng
- Departments of Orthopedics, The First Affliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China; Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jia Li
- Departments of Pathology, The First Affliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Shijie Liao
- Departments of Orthopedics, The First Affliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China; Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Shiting Ma
- Departments of Orthopedics, The First Affliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China; Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Feicui Li
- Departments of General Medicine, The First Affliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Chaoyi Zhong
- Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Guodong Li
- Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yan Wei
- Departments of Pathology, The First Affliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Huading Huang
- Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Qingjun Wei
- Departments of Orthopedics, The First Affliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China; Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
| | - Jun Yao
- Departments of Orthopedics, The First Affliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China; Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
| | - Yun Liu
- Departments of Orthopedics, The First Affliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China; Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
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22
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Sakurai C, Itakura M, Kinoshita D, Arai S, Hashimoto H, Wada I, Hatsuzawa K. Phosphorylation of SNAP-23 at Ser95 causes a structural alteration and negatively regulates Fc receptor-mediated phagosome formation and maturation in macrophages. Mol Biol Cell 2018; 29:1753-1762. [PMID: 29771640 PMCID: PMC6080709 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e17-08-0523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
SNAP-23 is a plasma membrane-localized soluble N-ethylmaleimide–sensitive factor attachment protein receptors (SNARE) involved in Fc receptor (FcR)-mediated phagocytosis. However, the regulatory mechanism underlying its function remains elusive. Using phosphorylation-specific antibodies, SNAP-23 was found to be phosphorylated at Ser95 in macrophages. To understand the role of this phosphorylation, we established macrophage lines overexpressing the nonphosphorylatable S95A or the phosphomimicking S95D mutation. The efficiency of phagosome formation and maturation was severely reduced in SNAP-23-S95D–overexpressing cells. To examine whether phosphorylation at Ser95 affected SNAP-23 structure, we constructed intramolecular Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) probes of SNAP-23 designed to evaluate the approximation of the N termini of the two SNARE motifs. Interestingly, a high FRET efficiency was detected on the membrane when the S95D probe was used, indicating that phosphorylation at Ser95 caused a dynamic structural shift to the closed form. Coexpression of IκB kinase (IKK) 2 enhanced the FRET efficiency of the wild-type probe on the phagosome membrane. Furthermore, the enhanced phagosomal FRET signal in interferon-γ–activated macrophages was largely dependent on IKK2, and this kinase mediated a delay in phagosome-lysosome fusion. These results suggested that SNAP-23 phosphorylation at Ser95 played an important role in the regulation of SNARE-dependent membrane fusion during FcR-mediated phagocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiye Sakurai
- Division of Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan.,Department of Cell Science, Institute of Biomedical Science, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Makoto Itakura
- Department of Biochemistry, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 228-8555, Japan
| | - Daiki Kinoshita
- Division of Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan
| | - Seisuke Arai
- Department of Cell Science, Institute of Biomedical Science, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Hashimoto
- Department of Cell Science, Institute of Biomedical Science, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Ikuo Wada
- Department of Cell Science, Institute of Biomedical Science, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Hatsuzawa
- Division of Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan.,Department of Cell Science, Institute of Biomedical Science, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
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23
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Singla B, Ghoshal P, Lin H, Wei Q, Dong Z, Csányi G. PKCδ-Mediated Nox2 Activation Promotes Fluid-Phase Pinocytosis of Antigens by Immature Dendritic Cells. Front Immunol 2018; 9:537. [PMID: 29632528 PMCID: PMC5879126 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Macropinocytosis is a major endocytic pathway by which dendritic cells (DCs) internalize antigens in the periphery. Despite the importance of DCs in the initiation and control of adaptive immune responses, the signaling mechanisms mediating DC macropinocytosis of antigens remain largely unknown. The goal of the present study was to investigate whether protein kinase C (PKC) is involved in stimulation of DC macropinocytosis and, if so, to identify the specific PKC isoform(s) and downstream signaling mechanisms involved. Methods Various cellular, molecular and immunological techniques, pharmacological approaches and genetic knockout mice were utilized to investigate the signaling mechanisms mediating DC macropinocytosis. Results Confocal laser scanning microscopy confirmed that DCs internalize fluorescent antigens (ovalbumin) using macropinocytosis. Pharmacological blockade of classical and novel PKC isoforms using calphostin C abolished both phorbol ester- and hepatocyte growth factor-induced antigen macropinocytosis in DCs. The qRT-PCR experiments identified PKCδ as the dominant PKC isoform in DCs. Genetic studies demonstrated the functional role of PKCδ in DC macropinocytosis of antigens, their subsequent maturation, and secretion of various T-cell stimulatory cytokines, including IL-1α, TNF-α and IFN-β. Additional mechanistic studies identified NADPH oxidase 2 (Nox2) and intracellular superoxide anion as important players in DC macropinocytosis of antigens downstream of PKCδ activation. Conclusion The findings of the present study demonstrate a novel mechanism by which PKCδ activation via stimulation of Nox2 activity and downstream redox signaling promotes DC macropinocytosis of antigens. PKCδ/Nox2-mediated antigen macropinocytosis stimulates maturation of DCs and secretion of T-cell stimulatory cytokines. These findings may contribute to a better understanding of the regulatory mechanisms in DC macropinocytosis and downstream regulation of T-cell-mediated responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhupesh Singla
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Pushpankur Ghoshal
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Huiping Lin
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Qingqing Wei
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Zheng Dong
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Gábor Csányi
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
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24
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Parihar SP, Ozturk M, Marakalala MJ, Loots DT, Hurdayal R, Maasdorp DB, Van Reenen M, Zak DE, Darboe F, Penn-Nicholson A, Hanekom WA, Leitges M, Scriba TJ, Guler R, Brombacher F. Protein kinase C-delta (PKCδ), a marker of inflammation and tuberculosis disease progression in humans, is important for optimal macrophage killing effector functions and survival in mice. Mucosal Immunol 2018; 11:496-511. [PMID: 28832027 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2017.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that protein kinase C-δ (PKCδ) is critical for immunity against Listeria monocytogenes, Leishmania major, and Candida albicans infection in mice. However, the functional relevance of PKCδ during Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection is unknown. PKCδ was significantly upregulated in whole blood of patients with active tuberculosis (TB) disease. Lung proteomics further revealed that PKCδ was highly abundant in the necrotic and cavitory regions of TB granulomas in multidrug-resistant human participants. In murine Mtb infection studies, PKCδ-/- mice were highly susceptible to tuberculosis with increased mortality, weight loss, exacerbated lung pathology, uncontrolled proinflammatory cytokine responses, and increased mycobacterial burdens. Moreover, these mice displayed a significant reduction in alveolar macrophages, dendritic cells, and decreased accumulation of lipid bodies (lungs and macrophages) and serum fatty acids. Furthermore, a peptide inhibitor of PKCδ in wild-type mice mirrored lung inflammation identical to infected PKCδ-/- mice. Mechanistically, increased bacterial growth in macrophages from PKCδ-/- mice was associated with a decline in killing effector functions independent of phagosome maturation and autophagy. Taken together, these data suggest that PKCδ is a marker of inflammation during active TB disease in humans and required for optimal macrophage killing effector functions and host protection during Mtb infection in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- S P Parihar
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Division of Immunology and South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town-Component, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - M Ozturk
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Division of Immunology and South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town-Component, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - M J Marakalala
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Division of Immunology and South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - D T Loots
- Human Metabolomics, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - R Hurdayal
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Division of Immunology and South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town-Component, Cape Town, South Africa.,Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - D Beukes Maasdorp
- Human Metabolomics, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - M Van Reenen
- Human Metabolomics, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - D E Zak
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - F Darboe
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative (SATVI), Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM) & Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - A Penn-Nicholson
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative (SATVI), Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM) & Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - W A Hanekom
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative (SATVI), Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM) & Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - M Leitges
- PKC Research Consult, Cologne, Germany
| | - T J Scriba
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative (SATVI), Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM) & Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - R Guler
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Division of Immunology and South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town-Component, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - F Brombacher
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Division of Immunology and South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town-Component, Cape Town, South Africa
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25
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The Role of Phospholipase C Signaling in Macrophage-Mediated Inflammatory Response. J Immunol Res 2018; 2018:5201759. [PMID: 30057916 PMCID: PMC6051040 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5201759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are crucial members of the mononuclear phagocyte system essential to protect the host from invading pathogens and are central to the inflammatory response with their ability to acquire specialized phenotypes of inflammatory (M1) and anti-inflammatory (M2) and to produce a pool of inflammatory mediators. Equipped with a broad range of receptors, such as Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), CD14, and Fc gamma receptors (FcγRs), macrophages can efficiently recognize and phagocytize invading pathogens and secrete cytokines by triggering various secondary signaling pathways. Phospholipase C (PLC) is a family of enzymes that hydrolyze phospholipids, the most significant of which is phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2]. Cleavage at the internal phosphate ester generates two second messengers, inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG), both of which mediate in diverse cellular functions including the inflammatory response. Recent studies have shown that some PLC isoforms are involved in multiple stages in TLR4-, CD14-, and FcγRs-mediated activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and interferon regulatory factors (IRFs), all of which are associated with the regulation of the inflammatory response. Therefore, secondary signaling by PLC is implicated in the pathogenesis of numerous inflammatory diseases. This review provides an overview of our current knowledge on how PLC signaling regulates the macrophage-mediated inflammatory response.
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26
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Matsubara T, Kinbara M, Maeda T, Yoshizawa M, Kokabu S, Takano Yamamoto T. Regulation of osteoclast differentiation and actin ring formation by the cytolinker protein plectin. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 489:472-476. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.05.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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27
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Phagocytosis: A Fundamental Process in Immunity. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:9042851. [PMID: 28691037 PMCID: PMC5485277 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9042851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 289] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
One hundred years have passed since the death of Élie Metchnikoff (1845-1916). He was the first to observe the uptake of particles by cells and realized the importance of this process for the host response to injury and infection. He also was a strong advocate of the role of phagocytosis in cellular immunity, and with this he gave us the basis for our modern understanding of inflammation and the innate and acquired immune responses. Phagocytosis is an elegant but complex process for the ingestion and elimination of pathogens, but it is also important for the elimination of apoptotic cells and hence fundamental for tissue homeostasis. Phagocytosis can be divided into four main steps: (i) recognition of the target particle, (ii) signaling to activate the internalization machinery, (iii) phagosome formation, and (iv) phagolysosome maturation. In recent years, the use of new tools of molecular biology and microscopy has provided new insights into the cellular mechanisms of phagocytosis. In this review, we present a general view of our current knowledge on phagocytosis. We emphasize novel molecular findings, particularly on phagosome formation and maturation, and discuss aspects that remain incompletely understood.
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28
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Ghoshal P, Singla B, Lin H, Feck DM, Cantu-Medellin N, Kelley EE, Haigh S, Fulton D, Csányi G. Nox2-Mediated PI3K and Cofilin Activation Confers Alternate Redox Control of Macrophage Pinocytosis. Antioxid Redox Signal 2017; 26:902-916. [PMID: 27488058 PMCID: PMC5455614 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2016.6639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Internalization of extracellular fluid and its solute by macropinocytosis requires dynamic reorganization of actin cytoskeleton, membrane ruffling, and formation of large endocytic vacuolar compartments, called macropinosomes, inside the cell. Although instigators of macropinocytosis, such as growth factors and phorbol esters, stimulate NADPH oxidase (Nox) activation and signal transduction mediators upstream of Nox assembly, including Rac1 and protein kinase C (PKC), are involved in macropinocytosis, the role of Nox enzymes in macropinocytosis has never been investigated. This study was designed to examine the role of Nox2 and the potential downstream redox signaling involved in macropinocytosis. RESULTS Phorbol myristate acetate activation of human and murine macrophages stimulated membrane ruffling, macropinosome formation, and subsequent uptake of macromolecules by macropinocytosis. Mechanistically, we found that pharmacological blockade of PKC, transcriptional knockdown of Nox2, and scavenging of intracellular superoxide anion abolished phorbol ester-induced macropinocytosis. We observed that Nox2-derived reactive oxygen species via inhibition of phosphatase and tensin homolog and activation of the phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway lead to activation of actin-binding protein cofilin, membrane ruffling, and macropinocytosis. Similarly, activation of macropinocytosis by macrophage colony-stimulating factor involves Nox2-mediated cofilin activation. Furthermore, peritoneal chimera experiments indicate that macropinocytotic uptake of lipids in hypercholesterolemic ApoE-/- mice was attenuated in Nox2y/- macrophages compared with wild-type controls. Innovation and Conclusion: In summary, these findings demonstrate a novel Nox2-mediated mechanism of solute uptake via macropinocytosis, with broad implications for both general cellular physiology and pathological processes. The redox mechanism described here may also identify new targets in atherosclerosis and other disease conditions involving macropinocytosis. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 26, 902-916.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pushpankur Ghoshal
- 1 Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University , Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Bhupesh Singla
- 1 Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University , Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Huiping Lin
- 1 Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University , Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Douglas M Feck
- 2 Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Nadiezhda Cantu-Medellin
- 2 Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,3 Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Eric E Kelley
- 2 Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,3 Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Stephen Haigh
- 1 Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University , Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia
| | - David Fulton
- 1 Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University , Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia .,4 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Augusta University , Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Gábor Csányi
- 1 Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University , Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia .,4 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Augusta University , Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia
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29
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Hanes CM, D'Amico AE, Ueyama T, Wong AC, Zhang X, Hynes WF, Barroso MM, Cady NC, Trebak M, Saito N, Lennartz MR. Golgi-Associated Protein Kinase C-ε Is Delivered to Phagocytic Cups: Role of Phosphatidylinositol 4-Phosphate. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 199:271-277. [PMID: 28539432 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinase C-ε (PKC-ε) at phagocytic cups mediates the membrane fusion necessary for efficient IgG-mediated phagocytosis. The C1B and pseudosubstrate (εPS) domains are necessary and sufficient for this concentration. C1B binds diacylglycerol; the docking partner for εPS is unknown. Liposome assays revealed that the εPS binds phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PI4P) and PI(3,5)P2 Wortmannin, but not LY294002, inhibits PKC-ε concentration at cups and significantly reduces the rate of phagocytosis. As Wortmannin inhibits PI4 kinase, we hypothesized that PI4P mediates the PKC-ε concentration at cups and the rate of phagocytosis. PKC-ε colocalizes with the trans-Golgi network (TGN) PI4P reporter, P4M, suggesting it is tethered at the TGN. Real-time imaging of GFP-PKC-ε-expressing macrophages revealed a loss of Golgi-associated PKC-ε during phagocytosis, consistent with a Golgi-to-phagosome translocation. Treatment with PIK93, a PI4 kinase inhibitor, reduces PKC-ε at both the TGN and the cup, decreases phagocytosis, and prevents the increase in capacitance that accompanies membrane fusion. Finally, expression of the Golgi-directed PI4P phosphatase, hSac1-K2A, recapitulates the PIK93 phenotype, confirming that Golgi-associated PI4P is critical for efficient phagocytosis. Together these data are consistent with a model in which PKC-ε is tethered to the TGN via an εPS-PI4P interaction. The TGN-associated pool of PKC-ε concentrates at the phagocytic cup where it mediates the membrane fusion necessary for phagocytosis. The novelty of these data lies in the demonstration that εPS binds PI4P and PI(3,5)P2 and that PI4P is necessary for PKC-ε localization at the TGN, its translocation to the phagocytic cup, and the membrane fusion required for efficient Fc [γ] receptor-mediated phagocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl M Hanes
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208
| | - Anna E D'Amico
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208
| | - Takehiko Ueyama
- Biosignal Research Center, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Alexander C Wong
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208
| | - Xuexin Zhang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - W Frederick Hynes
- College of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, SUNY Polytechnic Institute, Albany, NY 12203; and
| | - Margarida M Barroso
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208
| | - Nathaniel C Cady
- College of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, SUNY Polytechnic Institute, Albany, NY 12203; and
| | - Mohamed Trebak
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Naoaki Saito
- Biosignal Research Center, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Michelle R Lennartz
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208;
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30
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Jia J, Zhang W, Liu Q, Yang T, Wang L, Ma G. Adjuvanticity Regulation by Biodegradable Polymeric Nano/microparticle Size. Mol Pharm 2016; 14:14-22. [PMID: 28043126 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b00434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Polymeric nano/microparticles as vaccine adjuvants have been researched in experimental and clinical studies. A more profound understanding of how the physicochemical properties regulate specific immune responses has become a vital requirement. Here we prepared poly(d,l-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nano/microparticles with uniform sizes (500 nm, 900 nm, 2.1 μm, and 4.9 μm), and the size effects on particle uptake, activation of macrophages, and antigen internalization were evaluated. Particle uptake kinetic studies demonstrated that 900 nm particles were the easiest to accumulate in cells. Moreover, they could induce macrophages to secrete NO and IL-1β and facilitate antigen internalization. Furthermore, 900 nm particles, mixed with antigen, could exhibit superior adjuvanticity in both humoral and cellular immune responses in vivo, including offering the highest antibody protection, promoting the maximum secretion levels of IFN-γ and IL-4 than particles with other sizes. Overall, 900 nm might be the optimum choice for PLGA particle-based vaccine adjuvants especially for recombinant antigens. Understanding the effect of particle size on the adjuvanticity based immune responses might have important enlightenments for rational vaccine design and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jilei Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, PLA Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Production & Formulation Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, PR China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Weifeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, PLA Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Production & Formulation Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, PR China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Qi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, PLA Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Production & Formulation Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, PR China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Tingyuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, PLA Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Production & Formulation Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Lianyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, PLA Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Production & Formulation Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Guanghui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, PLA Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Production & Formulation Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, PR China.,Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) , Nanjing 210023, PR China
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31
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Balce DR, Rybicka JM, Greene CJ, Ewanchuk BW, Yates RM. Ligation of FcγR Alters Phagosomal Processing of Protein via Augmentation of NADPH Oxidase Activity. Traffic 2016; 17:786-802. [PMID: 27020146 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Proteolysis and the reduction of disulfides, both major components of protein degradation, are profoundly influenced by phagosomal redox conditions in macrophages. We evaluated the activation of phagocytic receptors that are known to influence activation of the phagocyte NADPH oxidase (NOX2), and its effect on phagosomal protein degradation. Population-based and single phagosome analyses of phagosomal chemistries in murine macrophages revealed that activation of NOX2 via the Fcγ receptor (FcγR) during phagocytosis decreased rates of proteolysis and disulfide reduction. Immunoglobulin G (IgG)-stimulated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and the inhibition of phagosomal proteolysis and disulfide reduction were dependent on NOX2, FcγR and protein kinase C (PKC)/spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) signaling. In contrast, low levels of ROS production were observed following the phagocytosis of unopsonized beads, which resulted in higher rates of phagosomal proteolysis and disulfide reduction. Phagosomes displayed autonomy with respect to FcγR-mediated differences in NOX2 activation and proteolysis, as phagosomes containing unopsonized cargo retained low NOX2 activation and high proteolysis even in the presence of phagosomes containing IgG-opsonized cargo in the same macrophage. These results show that opsonization of phagocytic cargo results in vastly different phagosomal processing of proteins through the FcγR-triggered, PKC/Syk-dependent local assembly and activation of NOX2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dale R Balce
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Calgary, Canada
| | - Joanna M Rybicka
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Calgary, Canada
| | - Catherine J Greene
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Benjamin W Ewanchuk
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Robin M Yates
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Calgary, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
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32
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Najibi M, Labed SA, Visvikis O, Irazoqui JE. An Evolutionarily Conserved PLC-PKD-TFEB Pathway for Host Defense. Cell Rep 2016; 15:1728-42. [PMID: 27184844 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.04.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms that tightly control the transcription of host defense genes have not been fully elucidated. We previously identified TFEB as a transcription factor important for host defense, but the mechanisms that regulate TFEB during infection remained unknown. Here, we used C. elegans to discover a pathway that activates TFEB during infection. Gene dkf-1, which encodes a homolog of protein kinase D (PKD), was required for TFEB activation in nematodes infected with Staphylococcus aureus. Conversely, pharmacological activation of PKD was sufficient to activate TFEB. Furthermore, phospholipase C (PLC) gene plc-1 was also required for TFEB activation, downstream of Gαq homolog egl-30 and upstream of dkf-1. Using reverse and chemical genetics, we discovered a similar PLC-PKD-TFEB axis in Salmonella-infected mouse macrophages. In addition, PKCα was required in macrophages. These observations reveal a previously unknown host defense signaling pathway, which has been conserved across one billion years of evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehran Najibi
- Laboratory of Comparative Immunology, Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Sid Ahmed Labed
- Laboratory of Comparative Immunology, Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Orane Visvikis
- Laboratory of Comparative Immunology, Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Javier Elbio Irazoqui
- Laboratory of Comparative Immunology, Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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Park HJ, Yang HJ, Kim KH, Kim SH. Aqueous extract of Orostachys japonicus A. Berger exerts immunostimulatory activity in RAW 264.7 macrophages. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 170:210-217. [PMID: 25978952 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Revised: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Orostachys japonicus A. Berger (Crassulaceae) (OJ), well-known as Wa-song in Korea is a medicinal plant with immunoregulatory, anti-febrile, antidote, and anti-cancer activities. This study was aimed at evaluating the immunostimulatory effect of O. japonicus A. Berger and its possible mechanisms of action. MATERIALS AND METHODS To evaluate the effect of OJ aqueous extract on macrophage activity, we evaluated the modulation of macrophage activation state by observing structural (phagocytic activities) and the production of nitric oxide increase. The effect of OJ aqueous extract on RAW264.7 cell viability were assessed using Cell Counting Kit (CCK)-8 assay. HPLC analysis was performed to identify potential active compounds of this extract. RESULTS The biological investigations indicated that OJ aqueous extract, among others, possessed the highest macrophage activation as indicated by NO production yield. The results showed that OJ aqueous extract exhibited antioxidant effects, which included scavenging activities against DPPH radicals. OJ aqueous extract increased the phagocytic activity of RAW 264.7 cells against IgG-opsonized red blood cells (RBC). The level of phosphorylated Syk kinase was increased in OJ aqueous extract-treated group as compared to control. Phosphorylation of PLC-γ was increased in the OJ aqueous extract-treated groups. Quercetin-3-O-rhamnose and kaempferol-3-O-rhamnose was detected in OJ aqueous extract by HPLC analysis. CONCLUSIONS OJ aqueous extract might play a pivotal ethnopharmacologic role as an immunostimulatory agent by promoting Fc gamma receptor (FcγR)-mediated phagocytosis of IgG-opsonized RBCs. On the basis of our results, OJ aqueous extract can enhance innate immunity and may serve as an adjuvant for tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Jin Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of BioNano Technology Gachon University, Sungnam, Gyeonggi-do 461-701, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hye Jeong Yang
- Division of Creative Food Science for Health, Korea Food Research Institute, 1201-62 Anyangpangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 463-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Hyun Kim
- Natural Product Research Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 300 Chonchon-dong, Jangan-ku, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hee Kim
- Division of Creative Food Science for Health, Korea Food Research Institute, 1201-62 Anyangpangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 463-746, Republic of Korea
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Nociceptor beta II, delta, and epsilon isoforms of PKC differentially mediate paclitaxel-induced spontaneous and evoked pain. J Neurosci 2015; 35:4614-25. [PMID: 25788678 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1580-14.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
As one of the most effective and frequently used chemotherapeutic agents, paclitaxel produces peripheral neuropathy (paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy or PIPN) that negatively affects chemotherapy and persists after cancer therapy. The mechanisms underlying this dose-limiting side effect remain to be fully elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the role of nociceptor protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms in PIPN. Employing multiple complementary approaches, we have identified a subset of PKC isoforms, namely βII, δ, and ϵ, were activated by paclitaxel in the isolated primary afferent sensory neurons. Persistent activation of PKCβII, PKCδ, and PKCϵ was also observed in the dorsal root ganglion neurons after chronic treatment with paclitaxel in a mouse model of PIPN. Isoform-selective inhibitors of PKCβII, PKCδ, and PKCϵ given intrathecally dose-dependently attenuated paclitaxel-induced mechanical allodynia and heat hyperalgesia. Surprisingly, spinal inhibition of PKCβII and PKCδ, but not PKCϵ, blocked the spontaneous pain induced by paclitaxel. These data suggest that a subset of nociceptor PKC isoforms differentially contribute to spontaneous and evoked pain in PIPN, although it is not clear whether PKCϵ in other regions regulates spontaneous pain in PIPN. The findings can potentially offer new selective targets for pharmacological intervention of PIPN.
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35
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Yao J, Li J, Zhou L, Cheng J, Chim SM, Zhang G, Quinn JMW, Tickner J, Zhao J, Xu J. Protein kinase C inhibitor, GF109203X attenuates osteoclastogenesis, bone resorption and RANKL-induced NF-κB and NFAT activity. J Cell Physiol 2015; 230:1235-42. [PMID: 25363829 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Osteolytic bone diseases are characterized by excessive osteoclast formation and activation. Protein kinase C (PKC)-dependent pathways regulate cell growth, differentiation and apoptosis in many cellular systems, and have been implicated in cancer development and osteoclast formation. A number of PKC inhibitors with anti-cancer properties have been developed, but whether they might also influence osteolysis (a common complication of bone invading cancers) is unclear. We studied the effects of the PKC inhibitor compound, GF109203X on osteoclast formation and activity, processes driven by receptor activator of NFκB ligand (RANKL). We found that GF109203X strongly and dose dependently suppresses osteoclastogenesis and osteoclast activity in RANKL-treated primary mouse bone marrow cells. Consistent with this GF109203X reduced expression of key osteoclastic genes, including cathepsin K, calcitonin receptor, tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) and the proton pump subunit V-ATPase-d2 in RANKL-treated primary mouse bone marrow cells. Expression of these proteins is dependent upon RANKL-induced NF-κB and NFAT transcription factor actions; both were reduced in osteoclast progenitor populations by GF109203X treatment, notably NFATc1 levels. Furthermore, we showed that GF109203X inhibits RANKL-induced calcium oscillation. Together, this study shows GF109203X may block osteoclast functions, suggesting that pharmacological blockade of PKC-dependent pathways has therapeutic potential in osteolytic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, China; School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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Zhou Y, Pei W, Zhang X, Chen W, Wu J, Yao C, Huang L, Zhang H, Huang W, Chye Loo JS, Zhang Q. A cyanine-modified upconversion nanoprobe for NIR-excited imaging of endogenous hydrogen peroxide signaling in vivo. Biomaterials 2015; 54:34-43. [PMID: 25907037 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Revised: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Endogenous hydrogen peroxide is an important parameter associated with cellular signal transduction and homeostasis. However, abnormal H2O2 regulation in live systems has been implicated in many pathological conditions. Monitoring this signal in live systems is essential but challenging because current H2O2 probes are impractical for efficient bio-imaging due to UV/visible light as the excitation source. We herein present a novel design based on an organic fluorophore-attached lanthanide-doped upconversion nanoprobe (CYD1-UCNPs) for selective UCL detection of H2O2. This nanoprobe represents the next-generation imaging tool that features a robust UCL "turn-on" response to H2O2 with NIR-excited ratiometric signals and has potential applications in ratiometric UCL imaging of endogenous H2O2 generating in living cells and whole-body animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Wenbo Pei
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) and Jiangsu-Singapore Joint Research Center for Organic/Bio-Electronics & Information Displays, Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Wangqiao Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Jiansheng Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Cheng Yao
- College of Science, Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Ling Huang
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) and Jiangsu-Singapore Joint Research Center for Organic/Bio-Electronics & Information Displays, Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Wei Huang
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) and Jiangsu-Singapore Joint Research Center for Organic/Bio-Electronics & Information Displays, Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Joachim Say Chye Loo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore; Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Nanyang Technological University, 637551, Singapore.
| | - Qichun Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore; Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore.
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Maxeiner S, Shi N, Schalla C, Aydin G, Hoss M, Vogel S, Zenke M, Sechi AS. Crucial role for the LSP1-myosin1e bimolecular complex in the regulation of Fcγ receptor-driven phagocytosis. Mol Biol Cell 2015; 26:1652-64. [PMID: 25717183 PMCID: PMC4436777 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e14-05-1005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton is fundamental for the innate immune process of phagocytosis. This study shows that LSP1 plays a pivotal role in the regulation of actin cytoskeleton remodeling during Fcγ receptor–mediated phagocytosis and that its interactions with myosin1e and actin are crucial for the efficiency of this actin-driven process. Actin cytoskeleton remodeling is fundamental for Fcγ receptor–driven phagocytosis. In this study, we find that the leukocyte-specific protein 1 (LSP1) localizes to nascent phagocytic cups during Fcγ receptor–mediated phagocytosis, where it displays the same spatial and temporal distribution as the actin cytoskeleton. Down-regulation of LSP1 severely reduces the phagocytic activity of macrophages, clearly demonstrating a crucial role for this protein in Fcγ receptor–mediated phagocytosis. We also find that LSP1 binds to the class I molecular motor myosin1e. LSP1 interacts with the SH3 domain of myosin1e, and the localization and dynamics of both proteins in nascent phagocytic cups mirror those of actin. Furthermore, inhibition of LSP1–myosin1e and LSP1–actin interactions profoundly impairs pseudopodial formation around opsonized targets and their subsequent internalization. Thus the LSP1–myosin1e bimolecular complex plays a pivotal role in the regulation of actin cytoskeleton remodeling during Fcγ receptor–driven phagocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Maxeiner
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Cell Biology, Applied Ecology, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Nian Shi
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Cell Biology, Applied Ecology, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Carmen Schalla
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Cell Biology, Applied Ecology, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Guelcan Aydin
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Cell Biology, Applied Ecology, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Mareike Hoss
- Electron Microscopy Facility, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Applied Ecology, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Simon Vogel
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Martin Zenke
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Cell Biology, Applied Ecology, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Antonio S Sechi
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Cell Biology, Applied Ecology, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
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Curci A, Mele A, Camerino GM, Dinardo MM, Tricarico D. The large conductance Ca(2+) -activated K(+) (BKCa) channel regulates cell proliferation in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells by activating the staurosporine-sensitive protein kinases. Front Physiol 2014; 5:476. [PMID: 25538629 PMCID: PMC4260485 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we investigated on the role of the calcium activated K(+)-channels(BKCa) on the regulation of the neuronal viability. Recordings of the K(+)-channel current were performed using patch-clamp technique in human neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y) in parallel with measurements of the cell viability in the absence or presence of the BKCa channel blockers iberiotoxin(IbTX) and tetraethylammonium (TEA) and the BKCa channel opener NS1619. Protein kinase C/A (PKC, PKA) activities in the cell lysate were investigated in the presence/absence of drugs. The whole-cell K(+)-current showed a slope conductance calculated at negative membrane potentials of 126.3 pS and 1.717 nS(n = 46) following depolarization. The intercept of the I/V curve was -33 mV. IbTX(10(-8) - 4 × 10(-7) M) reduced the K(+)-current at +30 mV with an IC50 of 1.85 × 10(-7) M and an Imax of -46% (slope = 2.198) (n = 21). NS1619(10-100 × 10(-6) M) enhanced the K(+)-current of +141% (n = 6), at -10 mV(Vm). TEA(10(-5)-10(-3) M) reduced the K(+)-current with an IC50 of 3.54 × 10(-5) M and an Imax of -90% (slope = 0.95) (n = 5). A concentration-dependent increase of cell proliferation was observed with TEA showing a maximal proliferative effect(MPE) of +38% (10(-4) M). IbTX showed an MPE of +42% at 10(-8) M concentration, reducing it at higher concentrations. The MPE of the NS1619(100 × 10(-6) M) was +42%. The PKC inhibitor staurosporine (0.2-2 × 10(-6) M) antagonized the proliferative actions of IbTX and TEA. IbTX (10 × 10(-9) M), TEA (100 × 10(-6) M), and the NS1619 significantly enhanced the PKC and PKA activities in the cell lysate with respect to the controls. These results suggest that BKCa channel regulates proliferation of the SH-SY5Y cells through PKC and PKA protein kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Curci
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Science, University of Bari "Aldo Moro" Bari, Italy
| | - Antonietta Mele
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Science, University of Bari "Aldo Moro" Bari, Italy
| | | | | | - Domenico Tricarico
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Science, University of Bari "Aldo Moro" Bari, Italy
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McHarg S, Hopkins G, Lim L, Garrod D. Down-regulation of desmosomes in cultured cells: the roles of PKC, microtubules and lysosomal/proteasomal degradation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e108570. [PMID: 25291180 PMCID: PMC4188543 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Desmosomes are intercellular adhesive junctions of major importance for tissue integrity. To allow cell motility and migration they are down-regulated in epidermal wound healing. Electron microscopy indicates that whole desmosomes are internalised by cells in tissues, but the mechanism of down-regulation is unclear. In this paper we provide an overview of the internalisation of half-desmosomes by cultured cells induced by calcium chelation. Our results show that: (i) half desmosome internalisation is dependent on conventional PKC isoforms; (ii) microtubules transport internalised half desmosomes to the region of the centrosome by a kinesin-dependent mechanism; (iii) desmosomal proteins remain colocalised after internalisation and are not recycled to the cell surface; (iv) internalised desmosomes are degraded by the combined action of lysosomes and proteasomes. We also confirm that half desmosome internalisation is dependent upon the actin cytoskeleton. These results suggest that half desmosomes are not disassembled and recycled during or after internalisation but instead are transported to the centrosomal region where they are degraded. These findings may have significance for the down-regulation of desmosomes in wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selina McHarg
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Gemma Hopkins
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Lusiana Lim
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - David Garrod
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Kim EJ, Bhuniya S, Lee H, Kim HM, Cheong C, Maiti S, Hong KS, Kim JS. An Activatable Prodrug for the Treatment of Metastatic Tumors. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:13888-94. [DOI: 10.1021/ja5077684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Joong Kim
- Division of MR Research, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju 363-883, Korea
| | | | - Hyunseung Lee
- Division of MR Research, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju 363-883, Korea
| | - Hyun Min Kim
- Division of MR Research, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju 363-883, Korea
| | - Chaejoon Cheong
- Division of MR Research, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju 363-883, Korea
- Department of Bio-analytical Science, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon 305-350, Korea
| | - Sukhendu Maiti
- Department
of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea
| | - Kwan Soo Hong
- Division of MR Research, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju 363-883, Korea
- Department of Bio-analytical Science, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon 305-350, Korea
| | - Jong Seung Kim
- Department
of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea
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Joshi S, Singh AR, Zulcic M, Durden DL. A PKC-SHP1 signaling axis desensitizes Fcγ receptor signaling by reducing the tyrosine phosphorylation of CBL and regulates FcγR mediated phagocytosis. BMC Immunol 2014; 15:18. [PMID: 24886428 PMCID: PMC4017086 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2172-15-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fcγ receptors mediate important biological signals in myeloid cells including the ingestion of microorganisms through a process of phagocytosis. It is well-known that Fcγ receptor (FcγR) crosslinking induces the tyrosine phosphorylation of CBL which is associated with FcγR mediated phagocytosis, however how signaling molecules coordinate to desensitize these receptors is unclear. An investigation of the mechanisms involved in receptor desensitization will provide new insight into potential mechanisms by which signaling molecules may downregulate tyrosine phosphorylation dependent signaling events to terminate important signaling processes. RESULTS Using the U937IF cell line, we observed that FcγR1 crosslinking induces the tyrosine phosphorylation of CBL, which is maximal at 5 min. followed by a kinetic pattern of dephosphorylation. An investigation of the mechanisms involved in receptor desensitization revealed that pretreatment of U937IF or J774 cells with PMA followed by Fcγ receptor crosslinking results in the reduced tyrosine phosphorylation of CBL and the abrogation of downstream signals, such as CBL-CRKL binding, Rac-GTP activation and the phagocytic response. Pretreatment of J774 cells with GF109203X, a PKC inhibitor was observed to block dephosphorylation of CBL and rescued the phagocytic response. We demonstrate that the PKC induced desensitization of FcγR/ phagocytosis is associated with the inactivation of Rac-GTP, which is deactivated in a hematopoietic specific phosphatase SHP1 dependent manner following ITAM stimulation. The effect of PKC on FcγR signaling is augmented by the transfection of catalytically active SHP1 and not by the transfection of catalytic dead SHP1 (C124S). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest a functional model by which PKC interacts with SHP1 to affect the phosphorylation state of CBL, the activation state of Rac and the negative regulation of ITAM signaling i.e. Fcγ receptor mediated phagocytosis. These findings suggest a mechanism for Fcγ receptor desensitization by which a serine-threonine kinase e.g. PKC downregulates tyrosine phosphorylation dependent signaling events via the reduced tyrosine phosphorylation of the complex adapter protein, CBL.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Donald L Durden
- UCSD Department of Pediatrics, Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California School of Medicine, San Diego, CA 92093, USA.
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Regulation of nitric-oxide production in hemocytes of the ascidian Phallusia nigra. Nitric Oxide 2014; 38:26-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2014.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Revised: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Allaeys I, Marceau F, Poubelle PE. NLRP3 promotes autophagy of urate crystals phagocytized by human osteoblasts. Arthritis Res Ther 2013; 15:R176. [PMID: 24456929 PMCID: PMC4061723 DOI: 10.1186/ar4365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Monosodium urate (MSU) microcrystals present in bone tissues of chronic gout can be ingested by nonprofessional phagocytes like osteoblasts (OBs) that express NLRP3 (nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat region containing family of receptor protein 3). MSU is known to activate NLRP3 inflammasomes in professional phagocytes. We have identified a new role for NLRP3 coupled to autophagy in MSU-stimulated human OBs. Methods Normal human OBs cultured in vitro were investigated for their capacity for phagocytosis of MSU microcrystals by using confocal microscopy. Subsequent mineralization and matrix metalloproteinase activity were evaluated, whereas regulatory events of phagocytosis were deciphered by using signaling inhibitors, phosphokinase arrays, and small interfering RNAs. Statistics were carried out by using paired or unpaired t tests, and the one-way ANOVA, followed by multiple comparison test. Results Most of the OBs internalized MSU in vacuoles. This process depends on signaling via PI3K, protein kinase C (PKC), and spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk), but is independent of Src kinases. Simultaneously, MSU decreases phosphorylation of the protein kinases TOR (target of rapamycin) and p70S6K. MSU activates the cleavage of microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3)-I into LC3-II, and MSU microcrystals are coated with GFP-tagged LC3. However, MSU-stimulated autophagy in OBs absolutely requires the phagocytosis process. We find that MSU upregulates NLRP3, which positively controls the formation of MSU-autophagosomes in OBs. MSU does not increase death and late apoptosis of OBs, but reduces their proliferation in parallel to decreasing their competence for mineralization and to increasing their matrix metalloproteinase activity. Conclusions MSU microcrystals, found locally encrusted in the bone matrix of chronic gout, activate phagocytosis and NLRP3-dependent autophagy in OBs, but remain intact in permanent autophagosomes while deregulating OB functions.
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Schaale K, Brandenburg J, Kispert A, Leitges M, Ehlers S, Reiling N. Wnt6 Is Expressed in Granulomatous Lesions ofMycobacterium tuberculosis–Infected Mice and Is Involved in Macrophage Differentiation and Proliferation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 191:5182-95. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1201819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Setúbal SS, Pontes AS, Furtado JL, Xavier CV, Silva FL, Kayano AM, Izidoro LFM, Soares AM, Calderon LA, Stábeli RG, Zuliani JP. Action of two phospholipases A2 purified from Bothrops alternatus snake venom on macrophages. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2013; 78:194-203. [PMID: 23581990 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297913020089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The in vitro effects of BaltTX-I, a catalytically inactive Lys49 variant of phospholipase A2 (PLA2), and BaltTX-II, an Asp49 catalytically active PLA2 isolated from Bothrops alternatus snake venom, on thioglycollate-elicited macrophages (TG-macrophages) were investigated. At non-cytotoxic concentrations, the secretory PLA2 BaltTX-I but not BaltTX-II stimulated complement receptor-mediated phagocytosis. Pharmacological treatment of TG-macrophages with staurosporine, a protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor, showed that this kinase is involved in the increase of serum-opsonized zymosan phagocytosis induced by BaltTX-I but not BaltTX-II secretory PLA2, suggesting that PKC may be involved in the stimulatory effect of this toxin in serum-opsonized zymosan phagocytosis. Moreover, BaltTX-I and -II induced superoxide production by TG-macrophages. This superoxide production stimulated by both PLA2s was abolished after treatment of cells with staurosporine, indicating that PKC is an important signaling pathway for the production of this radical. Our experiments showed that, at non-cytotoxic concentrations, BaltTX-I may upregulate phagocytosis via complement receptors, and that both toxins upregulated the respiratory burst in TG-macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Setúbal
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Biotecnologia e Laboratório de Cultivo Celular e Anticorpos Monoclonais, Instituto de Pesquisas em Patologias Tropicais, Porto Velho, Rondônia, CEP 76812-245, Brazil.
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Strijbis K, Tafesse FG, Fairn GD, Witte MD, Dougan SK, Watson N, Spooner E, Esteban A, Vyas VK, Fink GR, Grinstein S, Ploegh HL. Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase (BTK) and Vav1 contribute to Dectin1-dependent phagocytosis of Candida albicans in macrophages. PLoS Pathog 2013; 9:e1003446. [PMID: 23825946 PMCID: PMC3694848 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Phagocytosis of the opportunistic fungal pathogen Candida albicans by cells of the innate immune system is vital to prevent infection. Dectin-1 is the major phagocytic receptor involved in anti-fungal immunity. We identify two new interacting proteins of Dectin-1 in macrophages, Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase (BTK) and Vav1. BTK and Vav1 are recruited to phagocytic cups containing C. albicans yeasts or hyphae but are absent from mature phagosomes. BTK and Vav1 localize to cuff regions surrounding the hyphae, while Dectin-1 lines the full length of the phagosome. BTK and Vav1 colocalize with the lipid PI(3,4,5)P3 and F-actin at the phagocytic cup, but not with diacylglycerol (DAG) which marks more mature phagosomal membranes. Using a selective BTK inhibitor, we show that BTK contributes to DAG synthesis at the phagocytic cup and the subsequent recruitment of PKCε. BTK- or Vav1-deficient peritoneal macrophages display a defect in both zymosan and C. albicans phagocytosis. Bone marrow-derived macrophages that lack BTK or Vav1 show reduced uptake of C. albicans, comparable to Dectin1-deficient cells. BTK- or Vav1-deficient mice are more susceptible to systemic C. albicans infection than wild type mice. This work identifies an important role for BTK and Vav1 in immune responses against C. albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Strijbis
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Fikadu G. Tafesse
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Gregory D. Fairn
- Keenan Research Centre of the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Martin D. Witte
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Stephanie K. Dougan
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Nicki Watson
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Eric Spooner
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Alexandre Esteban
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Valmik K. Vyas
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Gerald R. Fink
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Sergio Grinstein
- Keenan Research Centre of the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Program in Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hidde L. Ploegh
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Wood TR, Chow RY, Hanes CM, Zhang X, Kashiwagi K, Shirai Y, Trebak M, Loegering DJ, Saito N, Lennartz MR. PKC-ε pseudosubstrate and catalytic activity are necessary for membrane delivery during IgG-mediated phagocytosis. J Leukoc Biol 2013; 94:109-22. [PMID: 23670290 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.1212634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In RAW 264.7 cells, PKC-ε regulates FcγR-mediated phagocytosis. BMDM behave similarly; PKC-ε concentrates at phagosomes and internalization are reduced in PKC-ε⁻/⁻ cells. Two questions were asked: what is the role of PKC-ε? and what domains are necessary for PKC-ε concentration? Function was studied using BMDM and frustrated phagocytosis. On IgG surfaces, PKC-ε⁻/⁻ macrophages spread less than WT. Patch-clamping revealed that the spreading defect is a result of the failure of PKC-ε⁻/⁻ macrophages to add membrane. The defect is specific for FcγR ligation and can be reversed by expression of full-length (but not the isolated RD) PKC-ε in PKC-ε⁻/⁻ BMDM. Thus, PKC-ε function in phagocytosis requires translocation to phagosomes and the catalytic domain. The expression of chimeric PKC molecules in RAW cells identified the εPS as necessary for PKC-ε targeting. When placed into (nonlocalizing) PKC-δ, εPS was sufficient for concentration, albeit to a lesser degree than intact PKC-ε. In contrast, translocation of δ(εPSC1B) resembled that of WT PKC-ε. Thus, εPS and εC1B cooperate for optimal phagosome targeting. Finally, cells expressing εK437W were significantly less phagocytic than their PKC-ε-expressing counterparts, blocked at the pseudopod-extension phase. In summary, we have shown that εPS and εC1B are necessary and sufficient for targeting PKC-ε to phagosomes, where its catalytic activity is required for membrane delivery and pseudopod extension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany R Wood
- Centers for Cell Biology and Cancer Researchnces, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA
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Sumagin R, Robin AZ, Nusrat A, Parkos CA. Activation of PKCβII by PMA facilitates enhanced epithelial wound repair through increased cell spreading and migration. PLoS One 2013; 8:e55775. [PMID: 23409039 PMCID: PMC3569445 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2012] [Accepted: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapid repair of epithelial wounds is essential for intestinal homeostasis, and involves cell proliferation and migration, which in turn are mediated by multiple cellular signaling events including PKC activation. PKC isoforms have been implicated in regulating cell proliferation and migration, however, the role of PKCs in intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) wound healing is still not completely understood. In the current work we used phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), a well recognized agonist of classical and non-conventional PKC subfamilies to investigate the effect of PKC activation on IEC wound healing. We found that PMA treatment of wounded IEC monolayers resulted in 5.8±0.7-fold increase in wound closure after 24 hours. The PMA effect was specifically mediated by PKCβII, as its inhibition significantly diminished the PMA-induced increase in wound closure. Furthermore, we show that the PKCβII-mediated increase in IEC wound closure after PMA stimulation was mediated by increased cell spreading/cell migration but not proliferation. Cell migration was mediated by PKCβII dependent actin cytoskeleton reorganization, enhanced formation of lamellipodial extrusions at the leading edge and increased activation of the focal adhesion protein, paxillin. These findings support a role for PKCβII in IEC wound repair and further demonstrate the ability of epithelial cells to migrate as a sheet thereby efficiently covering denuded surfaces to recover the intestinal epithelial barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronen Sumagin
- Epithelial Pathobiology and Mucosal Inflammation Research Unit, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
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Okada M, Hozumi Y, Iwazaki K, Misaki K, Yanagida M, Araki Y, Watanabe T, Yagisawa H, Topham MK, Kaibuchi K, Goto K. DGKζ is involved in LPS-activated phagocytosis through IQGAP1/Rac1 pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 420:479-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.03.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2012] [Accepted: 03/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Zhao Y, Mangalmurti NS, Xiong Z, Prakash B, Guo F, Stolz DB, Lee JS. Duffy antigen receptor for chemokines mediates chemokine endocytosis through a macropinocytosis-like process in endothelial cells. PLoS One 2011; 6:e29624. [PMID: 22216333 PMCID: PMC3246497 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2011] [Accepted: 12/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Duffy antigen receptor for chemokines (DARC) shows high affinity binding to multiple inflammatory CC and CXC chemokines and is expressed by erythrocytes and endothelial cells. Recent evidence suggests that endothelial DARC facilitates chemokine transcytosis to promote neutrophil recruitment. However, the mechanism of chemokine endocytosis by DARC remains unclear. Methodology/Principal Findings We investigated the role of several endocytic pathways in DARC-mediated ligand internalization. Here we report that, although DARC co-localizes with caveolin-1 in endothelial cells, caveolin-1 is dispensable for DARC-mediated 125I-CXCL1 endocytosis as knockdown of caveolin-1 failed to inhibit ligand internalization. 125I-CXCL1 endocytosis by DARC was also independent of clathrin and flotillin-1 but required cholesterol and was, in part, inhibited by silencing Dynamin II expression.125I-CXCL1 endocytosis was inhibited by amiloride, cytochalasin D, and the PKC inhibitor Gö6976 whereas Platelet Derived Growth Factor (PDGF) enhanced ligand internalization through DARC. The majority of DARC-ligand interactions occurred on the endothelial surface, with DARC identified along plasma membrane extensions with the appearance of ruffles, supporting the concept that DARC provides a high affinity scaffolding function for surface retention of chemokines on endothelial cells. Conclusions/Significance These results show DARC-mediated chemokine endocytosis occurs through a macropinocytosis-like process in endothelial cells and caveolin-1 is dispensable for CXCL1 internalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yani Zhao
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Nilam S. Mangalmurti
- Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Zeyu Xiong
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Bharat Prakash
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Fengli Guo
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Center for Biologic Imaging, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Donna B. Stolz
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Center for Biologic Imaging, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Janet S. Lee
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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