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Han D, Jiang C, Xu H, Chu R, Zhang R, Fang R, Ge H, Lu M, Wang M, Tai Y, Yan S, Wei W, Wang Q. Inhibition of GRK2 ameliorates the pristane-induced mouse SLE model by suppressing plasma cells differentiation. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 138:112557. [PMID: 38936060 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multifaceted autoimmune disorder characterized by diverse clinical manifestations and organ damage. Despite its elusive etiology, dysregulated subsets and functions of B cells are pivotal in SLE pathogenesis. Peoniflorin-6'-O-benzene sulfonate (CP-25), an esterification modification of Paeoniflorin, exhibits potent anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties in autoimmune diseases (AID). However, the involvement of CP-25 and its target, GRK2, in SLE development has not been explored. In this study, we demonstrate that both genetic deficiency and pharmacological inhibition of GRK2 attenuate autoantibodies production, reduce systemic inflammation, and mitigate histopathological alterations in the spleen and kidney in the pristane-induced mouse SLE model. Importantly, our findings highlight that both genetic deficiency and pharmacological inhibition of GRK2 suppress plasma cells generation and restore dysregulated B-cell subsets by modulating two crucial transcription factors, Blimp1 and IRF4. Collectively, targeting GRK2 with CP-25 emerges as a promising therapeutic approach for SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dafei Han
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Chunru Jiang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Huihui Xu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Rui Chu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Renhao Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Ruhong Fang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Hui Ge
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Meiyue Lu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Mingzhu Wang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Yu Tai
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Shangxue Yan
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, China.
| | - Qingtong Wang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, China.
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Zhang Z, Xie X, Cai Y, Liu P, Liu S, Chen R, Wang J, Wang Y, Zhao Y, Zhu Z, Zhang X, Wu J. Abnormal immune function of B lymphocyte in peripheral blood of Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2023; 116:105890. [PMID: 37839276 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2023.105890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD) is associated with peripheral inflammation and abnormal peripheral blood lymphocyte immune responses. Peripheral blood B-lymphocyte subset distributions and whether they are associated with PD are unclear. METHODS Sixty-one PD patients and sixty-one one-to-one paired healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled. We used flow cytometry to perform immunophenotyping of peripheral B-lymphocyte, in vitro stimulation and measured serum cytokine. The relationship between variables and PD were assessed. RESULTS The percentage of naive B cells in blood of PD patients was decreased, whereas the percentages of regulatory B cells (Bregs), plasma blast cells (PBCs), and double-negative (DN) B cells were increased. The absolute counts of B-lymphocyte and naive B cells in blood of PD patients were decreased. Regression analysis revealed that alterations in the absolute counts of B-lymphocyte and the percentage of Bregs and DN B cells were associated with PD. After stimulation, the percentages of Bregs, PBCs, and switched memory (SwM) B cells increased in PD patients. Additionally, increases in GM-CSF-producing B-cell, IFN-γ-producing B-cell, and TNF-α-producing B-cell percentages were noted in PD. Serum levels of a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL), B-cell activating factor (BAFF) and soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L) were elevated in PD and correlated negatively with the UPDRS III score. CONCLUSIONS Abnormal B-lymphocyte immune responses in peripheral blood may contribute to PD development. Alterations in the absolute counts of B-lymphocyte and the percentage of Bregs and DN B cells are associated with PD. Furthermore, APRIL, BAFF, and sCD40L could be potential targets for intervention in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Zhang
- Clinical College of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Neurorehabilitation, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Xie
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebral Vascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tianjin Neurosurgical Institute, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China; Department of Neurology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Cai
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebral Vascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tianjin Neurosurgical Institute, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Peipei Liu
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Shoufeng Liu
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Rongjie Chen
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Clinical College of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Neurorehabilitation, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanan Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhizhong Zhu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinyuan Zhang
- Clinical College of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Neurorehabilitation, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jialing Wu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebral Vascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tianjin Neurosurgical Institute, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China; Department of Neurology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China.
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Chen Q, Xiang M, Gao Z, Lvu F, Sun Z, Wang Y, Shi X, Xu J, Wang J, Liang J. The role of B-cell ferroptosis in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin Immunol 2023; 256:109778. [PMID: 37730009 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2023.109778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by the dysregulation of B cell subpopulation and function. Recent studies have suggested a potential role of ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form of regulated cell death, in the pathogenesis of SLE. Here, we demonstrate that B-cell ferroptosis occurs both in lupus patients and MRL/lpr mice. Treatment with liproxstatin-1, a potent ferroptosis inhibitor, could reduce autoantibody production, improve renal damage, and alleviate lupus symptoms in vivo. Furthermore, our results suggest that ferroptosis may regulate B cell differentiation and plasma cell formation, indicating a potential mechanism for its involvement in SLE. Taken together, targeting ferroptosis in B cells may be a promising therapeutic strategy for SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, PR China
| | - Mengmeng Xiang
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, PR China
| | - Zhanyan Gao
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, PR China
| | - Fan Lvu
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, PR China
| | - Zhan Sun
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, PR China
| | - Yilun Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, PR China
| | - Xiangguang Shi
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, PR China
| | - Jinhua Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, PR China.
| | - Jun Liang
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, PR China.
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Sarott R, Gourisankar S, Karim B, Nettles S, Yang H, Dwyer BG, Simanauskaite JM, Tse J, Abuzaid H, Krokhotin A, Zhang T, Hinshaw SM, Green MR, Crabtree GR, Gray NS. Borrowing Transcriptional Kinases to Activate Apoptosis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.23.563687. [PMID: 37961702 PMCID: PMC10634765 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.23.563687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Protein kinases are disease drivers whose therapeutic targeting traditionally centers on inhibition of enzymatic activity. Here chemically induced proximity is leveraged to convert kinase inhibitors into context-specific activators of therapeutic genes. Bivalent molecules that link ligands of the transcription factor B-cell lymphoma 6 (BCL6) to ATP-competitive inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) were developed to re-localize CDK to BCL6-bound loci on chromatin and direct phosphorylation of RNA Pol II. The resulting BCL6-target proapoptotic gene expression translated into killing of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) cells at 72 h with EC50s of 0.9 - 10 nM and highly specific ablation of the BCL6-regulated germinal center response in mice. The molecules exhibited 10,000-fold lower cytotoxicity in normal lymphocytes and are well tolerated in mice. Genomic and proteomic evidence corroborated a gain-of-function mechanism where, instead of global enzyme inhibition, a fraction of total kinase activity is borrowed and re-localized to BCL6-bound loci. The strategy demonstrates how kinase inhibitors can be used to context-specifically activate transcription, accessing new therapeutic space.
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Izadi S, Najfizadeh SR, Nejati A, TeimooriRad M, Shahmahmoodi S, Shirazi FG, Shokri F, Marashi SM. Potential role of EBV and Toll-like receptor 9 ligand in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Immunol Res 2023; 71:698-708. [PMID: 37097524 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-023-09380-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
SLE is a multisystem autoimmune disease characterized by multiple immunological abnormalities including production of autoantibodies. While the etiology of SLE is largely unknown, it is generally accepted that both genetic and environmental factors contribute to disease risk and immune dysregulation. Production of IFN-α is important for protecting the host against infections; however, over stimulation of innate immune pathways can induce autoimmune disease. Environmental factors, particularly Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), have been proposed to play an important role in SLE disease. Improper engagement of Toll-like receptor (TLR) pathways by endogenous or exogenous ligands may lead to the initiation of autoimmune responses and tissue injury. EBV is shown to be a potent stimulant of IFN-α by TLR signaling cascades. Given the highlighted role of IFN-α in SLE pathogenesis and potential role of EBV infection in this disease, the present study is aimed at exploring the in vitro effects of EBV infection and CPG (either alone or in combination) on IFN-α. We also examined the expression level of CD20 and BDCA-4 and CD123 in PBMCs in 32 SLE patients and 32 healthy controls. Our results showed PBMCs treated with CPG-induced higher levels of IFN-α and TLR-9 gene expression fold change compared to cells treated with either EBV or EBV-CPG. Moreover, PBMCs treated with CPG produced significantly higher IFN-α concentration in supernatant compared to cells treated with EBV but not EBV-CPG. Our results further highlight the potential role of EBV infection and TLRs in SLE patients although more studies are warranted to ascertain the global imprint that EBV infection can have on immune signature in patients with SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shima Izadi
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 14155, Iran
| | - Sayed Reza Najfizadeh
- Rheumatology Research Center, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Nejati
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 14155, Iran
| | - Majid TeimooriRad
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 14155, Iran
| | - Shohreh Shahmahmoodi
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 14155, Iran
| | - Frough Golsaz Shirazi
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fazel Shokri
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sayed Mahdi Marashi
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 14155, Iran.
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Mitra A, Barua A, Huang L, Ganguly S, Feng Q, He B. From bench to bedside: the history and progress of CAR T cell therapy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1188049. [PMID: 37256141 PMCID: PMC10225594 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1188049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy represents a major breakthrough in cancer care since the approval of tisagenlecleucel by the Food and Drug Administration in 2017 for the treatment of pediatric and young adult patients with relapsed or refractory acute lymphocytic leukemia. As of April 2023, six CAR T cell therapies have been approved, demonstrating unprecedented efficacy in patients with B-cell malignancies and multiple myeloma. However, adverse events such as cytokine release syndrome and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity pose significant challenges to CAR T cell therapy. The severity of these adverse events correlates with the pretreatment tumor burden, where a higher tumor burden results in more severe consequences. This observation is supported by the application of CD19-targeted CAR T cell therapy in autoimmune diseases including systemic lupus erythematosus and antisynthetase syndrome. These results indicate that initiating CAR T cell therapy early at low tumor burden or using debulking strategy prior to CAR T cell infusion may reduce the severity of adverse events. In addition, CAR T cell therapy is expensive and has limited effectiveness against solid tumors. In this article, we review the critical steps that led to this groundbreaking therapy and explore ongoing efforts to overcome these challenges. With the promise of more effective and safer CAR T cell therapies in development, we are optimistic that a broader range of cancer patients will benefit from this revolutionary therapy in the foreseeable future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aroshi Mitra
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Amrita Barua
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Luping Huang
- Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Departments of Surgery and Urology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Siddhartha Ganguly
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, United States
- Section of Hematology, Houston Methodist Neal Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Qin Feng
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Bin He
- Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Departments of Surgery and Urology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, United States
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Sun R, Wang Y, Abolhassani H. Cellular mechanisms and clinical applications for phenocopies of inborn errors of immunity: infectious susceptibility due to cytokine autoantibodies. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2023:1-14. [PMID: 37114623 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2023.2208863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION With a growing knowledge of Inborn error immunity (IEI), immunological profiling and genetic predisposition to IEI phenocopies have been developed in recent years. AREAS COVERED Here we summarized the correlation between various pathogen invasions, autoantibody profiles, and corresponding clinical features in the context of patients with IEI phenocopies. It has been extensively evident that patients with anti-cytokine autoantibodies underly impaired anti-pathogen immune responses and lead to broad unregulated inflammation and tissue damage. Several hypotheses of anti-cytokine autoantibodies production were summarized here, including a defective negative selection of autoreactive T cells, abnormal germinal center formation, molecular mimicry, HLA class II allele region, lack of auto-reactive lymphocyte apoptosis, and other possible hypotheses. EXPERT OPINION Phenocopies of IEI associated with anti-cytokine autoantibodies are increasingly recognized as one of the causes of acquired immunodeficiency and susceptibility to certain pathogen infections, especially facing the current challenge of the COVID-19 pandemic. By investigating clinical, genetic, and pathogenesis autoantibodies profiles associated with various pathogens' susceptibilities, we could better understand the IEI phenocopies with anti-cytokine autoantibodies, especially for those that underlie life-threatening SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Sun
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yating Wang
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hassan Abolhassani
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
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Peripheral immunophenotypes associated with the flare in the systemic lupus erythematosus patients with low disease activity state. Clin Immunol 2022; 245:109166. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2022.109166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Yamada J, Peracchi OA, Terreri MT, de Moraes-Pinto MI. Cell activation, PD-1 expression and in vitro cytokine production in patients with juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus 2022; 31:1237-1244. [PMID: 35849633 DOI: 10.1177/09612033221112809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus (jSLE) is known to be more severe and with a higher frequency of renal and central nervous system impairment when compared to systemic lupus erythematosus in adults. The study of immunological characteristics of jSLE patients might help to envisage better treatment strategies to reduce the burden of the disease. OBJECTIVE To characterize peripheral lymphocytes, assessing activation markers, and PD-1 expression on T cells; to evaluate in vitro cytokine expression upon stimulation in jSLE patients and age-matched controls. METHODOLOGY Eighteen jSLE patients on low disease activity and 25 matched healthy adolescents were evaluated for immune activation and PD-1 expression on peripheral blood lymphocytes by flow cytometry. Twenty-one cytokines were assessed by X-MAP technology after in vitro stimulation of peripheral blood with phytohemagglutinin. RESULTS jSLE patients had lower numbers of CD4 T, CD8 T, B, and NK cells; higher central memory CD8 T cell percentages were noted in jSLE adolescents in comparison with controls (p = 0.014). B cells subsets showed a higher percentage of exhausted memory subset than controls (p = 0.014). The expression of PD-1 on CD4 T and CD8 T cells did not show relevant changes in jSLE adolescents. After stimulation of peripheral blood, cell supernatant of jSLE patients showed a trend to lower concentrations of IL-10 (p=0.080) and higher concentrations of IL-23 (p = 0.063) than controls. CONCLUSIONS jSLE patients on low disease activity maintain lymphopenia of all subsets, with a B cell profile of exhaustion. Upon in vitro stimulation, peripheral blood cell supernatant showed a shift to IL-23, suggesting a role of inhibitors of this cytokine as another potential therapeutic target for those patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Yamada
- Research Laboratory, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, 28105Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Octávio Ab Peracchi
- Unit of Pediatric Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, 28105Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria T Terreri
- Unit of Pediatric Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, 28105Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Isabel de Moraes-Pinto
- Research Laboratory, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, 28105Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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CD4+ T Cells Promote IgG Production in MHC-Independent and ICAM-1-Dependent Manners in Pristane-Induced Lupus Mice. Mediators Inflamm 2022; 2022:9968847. [PMID: 35095344 PMCID: PMC8799362 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9968847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by autoantibody production and chronic inflammation. The etiology and pathogenesis of SLE are complicated in which dysfunction of CD4+ T cells is largely engaged. In this study, we investigated the manners of CD4+ T cells in antibody production in a lupus-like mouse model through peritoneal injection of pristane reagent. With the increase in total IgG/IgM and autoantibody production after 6 months, CD4+ T cells exhibited activated phenotypes with the elevated CD44, ICOS, OX40, and PD-1 expression. Pristane injection induced the increase in IgM levels in both wild-type and T cell-deficient TCRα−/− mice whereas IgG, IgG1, and IgG2a production was impaired. When adoptively transferring CD4+ T cells into T cell-deficient mice or coculturing CD4+ T cells and B cells in vitro, it was found that CD4+ T cells derived from pristane-treated mice could help the production of total IgG as well as IgG1/IgG2a in a more efficient manner both in vivo and in vitro. While MHC was dispensable for IgG production, ICAM-1 likely functioned as an attenuating factor for IgG production. Our study thus reveals that CD4+ T cells in pristane-treated mice play important roles in IgG production, which implies the critical roles in the induction of pathological autoantibodies in MHC-independent and ICAM-1-dependent manners.
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Zeng S, Qiu Q, Zhou Y, Xiao Y, Wang J, Li R, Xu S, Shi M, Wang C, Kuang Y, Lao M, Cai X, Liang L, Xu H. The suppression of Brd4 inhibits peripheral plasma cell differentiation and exhibits therapeutic potential for systemic lupus erythematosus. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 103:108498. [PMID: 34972067 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms that control B cell terminal differentiation remain undefined. Here, we investigate the role of bromodomain-containing protein 4 (Brd4) in regulating B cell differentiation and its therapeutic potential for B cell-mediated autoimmune diseases including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We showed that Brd4 inhibitor PFI-1 suppressed plasmablast-mediated plasma cell differentiation in healthy human CD19+ B cells. PFI-1 reduced IgG and IgM secretion in costimulation-induced human B cells. We also observed a reduced percentage of plasma cells in mice with B cell-specific deletion of the Brd4 gene (Brd4flox/floxCD19-cre+). Mechanistically, using the luciferase reporter assay and the chromatin immunoprecipitation, we explored that Brd4 regulates the expression of B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein 1 (BLIMP1), an important transcript factor that is involved in modulation of plasma cell differentiation. Interestingly, PFI-1 decreased the percentages of plasmablasts and plasma cells from patients with SLE. PFI-1 administration reduced the percentages of plasma cells, hypergammaglobulinemia, and attenuated nephritis in MRL/lpr lupus mice. Pristane-injected Brd4flox/floxCD19-cre+ mice exhibited improved nephritis and reduced percentages of plasma cells. These findings suggest an essential factor of Brd4 in regulating plasma cell differentiation. Brd4 inhibition may be a potential strategy for the treatment of B cell-associated autoimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Zeng
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qian Qiu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Youjun Xiao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingnan Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ruiru Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Siqi Xu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Maohua Shi
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Cuicui Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu Kuang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Minxi Lao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoyan Cai
- Department of Rheumatology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Liuqin Liang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Hanshi Xu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Jenks SA, Wei C, Bugrovsky R, Hill A, Wang X, Rossi FM, Cashman K, Woodruff MC, Aspey LD, Lim SS, Bao G, Drenkard C, Sanz I. B cell subset composition segments clinically and serologically distinct groups in chronic cutaneous lupus erythematosus. Ann Rheum Dis 2021; 80:1190-1200. [PMID: 34083207 PMCID: PMC8906255 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-220349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE While the contribution of B-cells to SLE is well established, its role in chronic cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CCLE) remains unclear. Here, we compare B-cell and serum auto-antibody profiles between patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), CCLE, and overlap conditions. METHODS B-cells were compared by flow cytometry amongst healthy controls, CCLE without systemic lupus (CCLE+/SLE-) and SLE patients with (SLE+/CCLE+) or without CCLE (SLE+/CCLE-). Serum was analyed for autoreactive 9G4+, anti-double-stranded DNA, anti-chromatin and anti-RNA antibodies by ELISA and for anti-RNA binding proteins (RBP) by luciferase immunoprecipitation. RESULTS Patients with CCLE+/SLE- share B-cell abnormalities with SLE including decreased unswitched memory and increased effector B-cells albeit at a lower level than SLE patients. Similarly, both SLE and CCLE+/SLE- patients have elevated 9G4+ IgG autoantibodies despite lower levels of anti-nucleic acid and anti-RBP antibodies in CCLE+/SLE-. CCLE+/SLE- patients could be stratified into those with SLE-like B-cell profiles and a separate group with normal B-cell profiles. The former group was more serologically active and more likely to have disseminated skin lesions. CONCLUSION CCLE displays perturbations in B-cell homeostasis and partial B-cell tolerance breakdown. Our study demonstrates that this entity is immunologically heterogeneous and includes a disease segment whose B-cell compartment resembles SLE and is clinically associated with enhanced serological activity and more extensive skin disease. This picture suggests that SLE-like B-cell changes in primary CCLE may help identify patients at risk for subsequent development of SLE. B-cell profiling in CCLE might also indentify candidates who would benefit from B-cell targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A Jenks
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Chungwen Wei
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Regina Bugrovsky
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Aisha Hill
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Xiaoqian Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Francesca M Rossi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Kevin Cashman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Matthew C Woodruff
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Laura D Aspey
- Department of Dermatology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - S Sam Lim
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Gaobin Bao
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Cristina Drenkard
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Ignacio Sanz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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13
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Pearce AC, Bamford MJ, Barber R, Bridges A, Convery MA, Demetriou C, Evans S, Gobbetti T, Hirst DJ, Holmes DS, Hutchinson JP, Jayne S, Lezina L, McCabe MT, Messenger C, Morley J, Musso MC, Scott-Stevens P, Manso AS, Schofield J, Slocombe T, Somers D, Walker AL, Wyce A, Zhang XP, Wagner SD. GSK137, a potent small-molecule BCL6 inhibitor with in vivo activity, suppresses antibody responses in mice. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:100928. [PMID: 34274316 PMCID: PMC8350397 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
B-cell lymphoma 6 (BCL6) is a zinc finger transcriptional repressor possessing a BTB-POZ (BR-C, ttk, and bab for BTB; pox virus and zinc finger for POZ) domain, which is required for homodimerization and association with corepressors. BCL6 has multiple roles in normal immunity, autoimmunity, and some types of lymphoma. Mice bearing disrupted BCL6 loci demonstrate suppressed high-affinity antibody responses to T-dependent antigens. The corepressor binding groove in the BTB-POZ domain is a potential target for small compound-mediated therapy. Several inhibitors targeting this binding groove have been described, but these compounds have limited or absent in vivo activity. Biophysical studies of a novel compound, GSK137, showed an in vitro pIC50 of 8 and a cellular pIC50 of 7.3 for blocking binding of a peptide derived from the corepressor silencing mediator for retinoid or thyroid hormone receptors to the BCL6 BTB-POZ domain. The compound has good solubility (128 μg/ml) and permeability (86 nM/s). GSK137 caused little change in cell viability or proliferation in four BCL6-expressing B-cell lymphoma lines, although there was modest dose-dependent accumulation of G1 phase cells. Pharmacokinetic studies in mice showed a profile compatible with achieving good levels of target engagement. GSK137, administered orally, suppressed immunoglobulin G responses and reduced numbers of germinal centers and germinal center B cells following immunization of mice with the hapten trinitrophenol. Overall, we report a novel small-molecule BCL6 inhibitor with in vivo activity that inhibits the T-dependent antigen immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark J Bamford
- GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, UK
| | - Ruth Barber
- Leicester Drug Discovery and Diagnostics, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Angela Bridges
- GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, UK
| | | | - Constantinos Demetriou
- Leicester Cancer Research Centre and Ernest and Helen Scott Haematological Research Unit, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Sian Evans
- Leicester Drug Discovery and Diagnostics, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | | | - David J Hirst
- GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, UK
| | | | | | - Sandrine Jayne
- Leicester Cancer Research Centre and Ernest and Helen Scott Haematological Research Unit, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Larissa Lezina
- Leicester Drug Discovery and Diagnostics, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK; Leicester Cancer Research Centre and Ernest and Helen Scott Haematological Research Unit, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | | | | | - Joanne Morley
- GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, UK
| | | | | | - Ana Sousa Manso
- Leicester Drug Discovery and Diagnostics, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK; Leicester Cancer Research Centre and Ernest and Helen Scott Haematological Research Unit, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Jennifer Schofield
- Leicester Drug Discovery and Diagnostics, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Tom Slocombe
- GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, UK
| | - Don Somers
- GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, UK
| | - Ann L Walker
- GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, UK
| | | | | | - Simon D Wagner
- Leicester Cancer Research Centre and Ernest and Helen Scott Haematological Research Unit, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
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14
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Increasing numbers of CD19 + CD24 highCD38 high regulatory B cells and pre-germinal center B cells reflect activated autoimmunity and predict future treatment response in patients with untreated immune thrombocytopenia. Int J Hematol 2021; 114:580-590. [PMID: 34309815 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-021-03192-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The pathophysiology of immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is poorly understood, particularly aspects regarding abnormal homeostasis and dysregulation of B cells. In this study, we analyzed peripheral lymphocyte subsets in patients with untreated ITP and healthy controls, and examined correlations between cell percentages/counts and titers of serum cytokines and antibodies. We also compared ITP patients who later required second-line therapies and those who did not. The percentages of CD19 + CD24highCD38high regulatory B cells, pre-germinal center (GC) B cells, and plasmablast-like B cells were significantly higher in ITP patients than in healthy controls. Absolute counts of regulatory B cells and pre-GC B cells were significantly higher in those who needed second-line therapies. In addition, serum B cell-activating factor belonging to the tumor necrosis factor family (BAFF) levels and platelet-associated immune globulin G antibody titers correlated positively with regulatory B cell, pre-GC B cell, and auto-reactive B cell counts. Serum interferon-α (IFN-α) levels were elevated in four ITP patients with high auto-reactive B cell counts. These results indicate that increases in regulatory B cells and pre-GC B cells may reflect activated autoimmunity induced by BAFF and/or IFN-α. Consequently, evaluation of B cell subsets in untreated ITP patients may predict treatment response.
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15
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Manakkat Vijay GK, Singh H. Cell fate dynamics and genomic programming of plasma cell precursors. Immunol Rev 2021; 303:62-71. [PMID: 34195999 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This review is focused on the cellular dynamics and genomic programming of plasma cell (PC) precursors that arise during germinal center (GC) B cell responses in secondary lymphoid organs (SLOs) and give rise to PCs in the bone marrow. Considerable progress has been made in the phenotypic characterization of circulating and bone marrow PC precursors as well as their differentiated short-lived (SLPC) and long-lived (LLPC) counterparts, in the context of model antigen and vaccine responses. Importantly, it has been possible to infer the temporal dynamics of generation of PC precursors during a GC response. However, the nature of the PC precursors at their site of generation in SLOs, and their signaling and genomic states, remain to be elucidated. Our synthesis draws upon experimental studies conducted in murine models as well as in humans, the latter complemented with cell culture manipulations of PCs and their precursors. By integration of the studies in murine and human systems, which are being accelerated by new genomic methodologies, we highlight insights and hypotheses concerning the generation of PCs. This framework can be extended and explored from both fundamental and translational standpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Godhev K Manakkat Vijay
- Center for Systems Immunology and Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Harinder Singh
- Center for Systems Immunology and Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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16
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Goenka R, Xu Z, Samayoa J, Banach D, Beam C, Bose S, Dooner G, Forsyth CM, Lu X, Medina L, Sadhukhan R, Sielaff B, Sousa S, Tao Q, Touw D, Wu F, Kingsbury GA, Akamatsu Y. CTLA4-Ig-Based Bifunctional Costimulation Inhibitor Blocks CD28 and ICOS Signaling to Prevent T Cell Priming and Effector Function. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 206:1102-1113. [PMID: 33495237 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2001100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CTLA4-Ig/abatacept dampens activation of naive T cells by blocking costimulation via CD28. It is an approved drug for rheumatoid arthritis but failed to deliver efficacy in a number of other autoimmune diseases. One explanation is that activated T cells rely less on CD28 signaling and use alternate coreceptors for effector function. ICOS is critical for activation of T-dependent humoral immune responses, which drives pathophysiology of IgG-mediated autoimmune diseases. In this study, we asked whether CD28 and ICOS play nonredundant roles for maintenance of T-dependent responses in mouse models. Using a hapten-protein immunization model, we show that during an ongoing germinal center response, combination treatment with CTLA4-Ig and ICOS ligand (ICOSL) blocking Ab completely dissolves ongoing germinal center responses, whereas single agents show only partial activity. Next, we took two approaches to engineer a therapeutic molecule that blocks both pathways. First, we engineered CTLA4-Ig to enhance binding to ICOSL while retaining affinity to CD80/CD86. Using a library approach, binding affinity of CTLA4-Ig to human ICOSL was increased significantly from undetectable to 15-42 nM; however, the affinity was still insufficient to completely block binding of ICOSL to ICOS. Second, we designed a bispecific costimulation inhibitor with high-affinity CTLA4 extracellular domains fused to anti-ICOSL Ab termed bifunctional costimulation inhibitor. With this bispecific approach, we achieved complete inhibition of CD80 and CD86 binding to CD28 as well as ICOS binding to ICOSL. Such bispecific molecules may provide greater therapeutic benefit in IgG-mediated inflammatory diseases compared with CTLA4-Ig alone.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhenghai Xu
- AbbVie Redwood City, Redwood City, CA 94306; and
| | | | | | | | - Sahana Bose
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, MA 01605
| | | | | | - Xiaoqing Lu
- AbbVie Cambridge Research Center, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | | | | | | | | | - Qingfeng Tao
- AbbVie Cambridge Research Center, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Debra Touw
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, MA 01605
| | - Fei Wu
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, MA 01605
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17
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Psarras A, Alase A, Antanaviciute A, Carr IM, Md Yusof MY, Wittmann M, Emery P, Tsokos GC, Vital EM. Functionally impaired plasmacytoid dendritic cells and non-haematopoietic sources of type I interferon characterize human autoimmunity. Nat Commun 2020; 11:6149. [PMID: 33262343 PMCID: PMC7708979 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19918-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune connective tissue diseases arise in a stepwise fashion from asymptomatic preclinical autoimmunity. Type I interferons have a crucial role in the progression to established autoimmune diseases. The cellular source and regulation in disease initiation of these cytokines is not clear, but plasmacytoid dendritic cells have been thought to contribute to excessive type I interferon production. Here, we show that in preclinical autoimmunity and established systemic lupus erythematosus, plasmacytoid dendritic cells are not effector cells, have lost capacity for Toll-like-receptor-mediated cytokine production and do not induce T cell activation, independent of disease activity and the blood interferon signature. In addition, plasmacytoid dendritic cells have a transcriptional signature indicative of cellular stress and senescence accompanied by increased telomere erosion. In preclinical autoimmunity, we show a marked enrichment of an interferon signature in the skin without infiltrating immune cells, but with interferon-κ production by keratinocytes. In conclusion, non-hematopoietic cellular sources, rather than plasmacytoid dendritic cells, are responsible for interferon production prior to clinical autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonios Psarras
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
- Division of Rheumatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Adewonuola Alase
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | | | - Ian M Carr
- Leeds Institute for Data Analytics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Md Yuzaiful Md Yusof
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Miriam Wittmann
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Paul Emery
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - George C Tsokos
- Division of Rheumatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edward M Vital
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK.
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18
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Peng Y, Guo F, Liao S, Liao H, Xiao H, Yang L, Liu H, Pan Q. Altered frequency of peripheral B-cell subsets and their correlation with disease activity in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: A comprehensive analysis. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:12044-12053. [PMID: 32918534 PMCID: PMC7579696 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Alternations of peripheral B-cell subsets are closely related to disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and may also predict the relapse of SLE. In this study, we aimed to comprehensively analyse the frequency of peripheral B-cell subsets, and their correlation with disease activity in patients with SLE. The results showed that for B-cell subsets in the antigen-independent differentiation stage, the frequency of the peripheral hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) subset in all patients with SLE was significantly higher than that of control patients. Surprisingly, several significant correlations were noted in newly diagnosed patients with SLE including a positive correlation in the frequency of the common lymphoid progenitor cell (CLP) with cholesterol serum levels. For B-cell subsets in the antigen-dependent differentiation stage, the frequency of naïve B-cell (N-B) subsets in all patients with SLE was significantly higher than that in the control patients. Moreover, the frequency of plasmablasts positively correlated with the SLEDAI score in the newly diagnosed patients. For memory B-cell (M-B) subtypes in the antigen-dependent differentiation stage, the frequency of the class-switched memory B-cell (CSM-B) subsets was positively correlated with the serum levels of complement C3. Notably, the frequency of the CSM-B subset also negatively correlated with the SLEDAI score, whereas the non-class-switched memory B-cell (NSM-B) subset was positively correlated with the serum levels of haemoglobin. Collectively, these findings may contribute to a better understanding of the role played by different B-cell subsets in the pathogenesis of SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxia Peng
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang CityInstitute of NephrologyAffiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical UniversityZhanjiangChina
- Central Laboratory and Department of NeurologyShunde HospitalSouthern Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Shunde Foshan)FoshanChina
| | - Fengbiao Guo
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang CityInstitute of NephrologyAffiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical UniversityZhanjiangChina
- Department of Histology and EmbryologyShantou University Medical CollegeShantouChina
| | - Shuzhen Liao
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang CityInstitute of NephrologyAffiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical UniversityZhanjiangChina
| | - Huanjin Liao
- Department of Laboratory MedicineShanghai General HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Haiyan Xiao
- Department of Cellular Biology and AnatomyAugusta UniversityAugustaGAUSA
| | - Lawei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang CityInstitute of NephrologyAffiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical UniversityZhanjiangChina
| | - Hua‐feng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang CityInstitute of NephrologyAffiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical UniversityZhanjiangChina
| | - Qingjun Pan
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang CityInstitute of NephrologyAffiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical UniversityZhanjiangChina
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Nehar-Belaid D, Hong S, Marches R, Chen G, Bolisetty M, Baisch J, Walters L, Punaro M, Rossi RJ, Chung CH, Huynh RP, Singh P, Flynn WF, Tabanor-Gayle JA, Kuchipudi N, Mejias A, Collet MA, Lucido AL, Palucka K, Robson P, Lakshminarayanan S, Ramilo O, Wright T, Pascual V, Banchereau JF. Mapping systemic lupus erythematosus heterogeneity at the single-cell level. Nat Immunol 2020; 21:1094-1106. [PMID: 32747814 PMCID: PMC7442743 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-020-0743-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) display a complex blood transcriptome whose cellular origin is poorly resolved. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, we profiled ~276,000 peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 33 children with SLE with different degrees of disease activity and 11 matched controls. Increased expression of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) distinguished cells from children with SLE from healthy control cells. The high ISG expression signature (ISGhi) derived from a small number of transcriptionally defined subpopulations within major cell types, including monocytes, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, natural killer cells, conventional and plasmacytoid dendritic cells, B cells and especially plasma cells. Expansion of unique subpopulations enriched in ISGs and/or in monogenic lupus-associated genes classified patients with the highest disease activity. Profiling of ~82,000 single peripheral blood mononuclear cells from adults with SLE confirmed the expansion of similar subpopulations in patients with the highest disease activity. This study lays the groundwork for resolving the origin of the SLE transcriptional signatures and the disease heterogeneity towards precision medicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Seunghee Hong
- Drukier Institute for Children's Health and Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Radu Marches
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Guo Chen
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Mohan Bolisetty
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Jeanine Baisch
- Drukier Institute for Children's Health and Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Marilynn Punaro
- Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children, Dallas, TX, USA
- UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Robert J Rossi
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Cheng-Han Chung
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Richie P Huynh
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Prashant Singh
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - William F Flynn
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Joy-Ann Tabanor-Gayle
- Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Navya Kuchipudi
- Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Asuncion Mejias
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Nationwide Children's Hospital and the Ohio State University School of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Magalie A Collet
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Anna Lisa Lucido
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Karolina Palucka
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Paul Robson
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
- Institute for Systems Genomics and Department of Genetics & Genome Sciences, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | | | - Octavio Ramilo
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Nationwide Children's Hospital and the Ohio State University School of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Tracey Wright
- Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children, Dallas, TX, USA
- UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Virginia Pascual
- Drukier Institute for Children's Health and Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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20
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Orefice V, Ceccarelli F, Barbati C, Lucchetti R, Olivieri G, Cipriano E, Natalucci F, Perricone C, Spinelli FR, Alessandri C, Valesini G, Conti F. Caffeine intake influences disease activity and clinical phenotype in systemic lupus erythematosus patients. Lupus 2020; 29:1377-1384. [PMID: 32703116 DOI: 10.1177/0961203320941920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Caffeine, one of the most widely consumed products in the world, seems to interact with multiple components of the immune system by acting as a non-specific phosphodiesterase inhibitor. In vitro dose-dependent treatment with caffeine down-regulates mRNA levels of key inflammation-related genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. So far, no robust data are available about the possible contribution of caffeine in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of caffeine consumption on SLE-related disease phenotype and activity, in terms of clinimetric assessment and cytokine serum levels. METHODS We performed a cross-sectional study, enrolling consecutive patients and reporting their clinical and laboratory data. Disease activity was assessed by SLE Disease Activity Index 2000 (SLEDAI-2K). Caffeine intake was evaluated by a 7-day food frequency questionnaire, including all the main sources of caffeine. As previously reported, patients were divided into four groups according to the daily caffeine intake: <29.1 mg/day (group 1), 29.2-153.7 mg/day (group 2), 153.8-376.5 mg/day (group 3) and >376.6 mg/day (group 4). At the end of questionnaire filling, blood samples were collected from each patient to assess cytokine levels. These were assessed by using a panel by Bio-Plex assays to measure the levels of IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, IL-27, IFNγ, IFNα and BLyS. RESULTS We enrolled 89 consecutive SLE patients. We observed a negative correlation between caffeine consumption and disease activity, measured with SLEDAI-2K. A significantly higher prevalence of lupus nephritis, neuropsychiatric involvement, haematological manifestations, hypocomplementaemia and anti-dsDNA positivity was observed in patients with a low intake of caffeine. Furthermore, patients with a low intake of caffeine were more frequently treated with glucocorticoids. Regarding cytokine analysis, a negative correlation between daily caffeine consumption and serum level of IFNγ was found (p = 0.03, r = -0.2); furthermore, patients with a high intake of caffeine showed lower serum levels of IFNα (p = 0.02), IL-17 (p = 0.01) and IL-6 (p = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS In this report we demonstrated the impact of caffeine on SLE disease activity status, as confirmed by the inverse correlation between its intake and both SLEDAI-2K values and cytokine levels. Moreover, patients with a low caffeine consumption seem to have a more severe disease phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Orefice
- Lupus Clinic, Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, 9311Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Fulvia Ceccarelli
- Lupus Clinic, Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, 9311Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristiana Barbati
- Lupus Clinic, Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, 9311Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Ramona Lucchetti
- Lupus Clinic, Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, 9311Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulio Olivieri
- Lupus Clinic, Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, 9311Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrica Cipriano
- Lupus Clinic, Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, 9311Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Natalucci
- Lupus Clinic, Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, 9311Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Perricone
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesca Romana Spinelli
- Lupus Clinic, Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, 9311Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristiano Alessandri
- Lupus Clinic, Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, 9311Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Guido Valesini
- Lupus Clinic, Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, 9311Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Conti
- Lupus Clinic, Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, 9311Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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21
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López P, Rodríguez-Carrio J, Martínez-Zapico A, Pérez-Álvarez ÁI, Benavente L, Caminal-Montero L, Suárez A. IgM anti-phosphorylcholine antibodies associate with senescent and IL-17+ T cells in SLE patients with a pro-inflammatory lipid profile. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2020; 59:407-417. [PMID: 31302689 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kez264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim was to evaluate whether T cell subsets and the lipid profile could be linked to the cardioprotective effect of IgM anti-phosphorylcholine (PC) antibodies in SLE. METHODS Anti-PC antibodies were quantified by ELISA in 197 patients and 99 controls and analysed in relationship to clinical features, treatments and serum lipids. Carotid atheromatosis was evaluated by ultrasonography; Th1, Th17, Treg and CD4+CD28null cells by flow cytometry; and cytokine serum levels by immunoassays, in a subgroup of 120 SLE patients and 33 controls. RESULTS IgM anti-PC serum levels were reduced in SLE patients compared with controls (P < 0.001) and were associated with age (β= -0.252; P = 0.002), high-density lipoprotein (HDL; β = 0.271; P = 0.001), low-density lipoprotein (LDL; β= -0.192; P = 0.017) and glucocorticoid treatment (β= -0.201; P = 0.012), whereas the IgG-to-IgM anti-PC ratio was increased (P = 0.007) and associated with age (β = 0.194; P = 0.028) and SLEDAI (β = 0.250; P = 0.005). Also, patients with clinical or subclinical cardiovascular disease exhibited reduced IgM anti-PC levels compared with their cardiovascular disease-free counterparts, regardless of glucocorticoid usage (P = 0.001). CD4+CD28null and Th17 cells were increased in SLE patients compared with controls (P < 0.01) and correlated inversely with IgM anti-PC levels. These associations were observed in patients displaying high triglyceride or low HDL levels, even after adjusting for clinical parameters and treatments (CD4+CD28null: β = -0.455, P = 0.001; Th17: β= -0.280, P = 0.035), but not in those with a normal lipid profile. High triglyceride and low HDL profiles were related to low IgM anti-PC and Treg levels, respectively, whereas both lipid profiles were associated with inflammatory markers and cytokines. CONCLUSION The present study provides evidence for an association of IgM anti-PC antibodies with pro-atherogenic T cell subsets in SLE, with a high triglyceride/low HDL lipid profile playing a facilitating major role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia López
- Department of Functional Biology, Immunology Area, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo.,Group of Basic and Translational Research in Inflammatory Diseases, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA)
| | - Javier Rodríguez-Carrio
- Department of Functional Biology, Immunology Area, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo.,Group of Basic and Translational Research in Inflammatory Diseases, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA)
| | - Aleida Martínez-Zapico
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | | | - Lorena Benavente
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Luis Caminal-Montero
- Group of Basic and Translational Research in Inflammatory Diseases, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA).,Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Ana Suárez
- Department of Functional Biology, Immunology Area, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo.,Group of Basic and Translational Research in Inflammatory Diseases, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA)
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22
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Kurata I, Matsumoto I, Sumida T. T follicular helper cell subsets: a potential key player in autoimmunity. Immunol Med 2020; 44:1-9. [PMID: 32546108 DOI: 10.1080/25785826.2020.1776079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Follicular helper T (Tfh) cells are one of CD4+ helper T subsets which promote B cell maturation, activation and antigen-specific antibody production. Autoantibodies are hallmarks of autoimmune diseases, and crucial contributions of Tfh cells in development of these diseases are now evident. Deregulation of Tfh activities can contribute to a pathogenic autoantibody production and can play an important role in the promotion of autoimmune diseases. These days multiple researchers reported three subpopulations which has distinct effector functions in Tfh cells: Tfh1, Tfh2 and Tfh17 cells. In this review, we summarize the observed alterations in whole Tfh cells and subset distribution during autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izumi Kurata
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Isao Matsumoto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takayuki Sumida
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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23
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Ueno H. The IL-12-STAT4 axis in the pathogenesis of human systemic lupus erythematosus. Eur J Immunol 2019; 50:10-16. [PMID: 31762023 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201948134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Generation of autoantibodies is a hallmark of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). As demonstrated in a number of lupus mouse models, recent evidence suggests that both GC and extrafollicular pathways contribute to the generation of autoantibodies also in human SLE, and that CD11c+ IgD- CD27- (double negative:DN) B cells play a central role in the latter pathway. In this mini-review, the author will first briefly summarize the features of CD11c+ DN B cells in human SLE, and discuss how the IL-12-STAT4 axis might contribute to the generation of autoantibodies in SLE. In addition, various types of CD4+ helper T cell subsets promoting the generation of autoantibodies in SLE will be described, and finally it will be discussed how these recent discoveries contribute to understanding of SLE pathogenesis and treatment of SLE patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Ueno
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan.,Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
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24
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Bocharnikov AV, Keegan J, Wacleche VS, Cao Y, Fonseka CY, Wang G, Muise ES, Zhang KX, Arazi A, Keras G, Li ZJ, Qu Y, Gurish MF, Petri M, Buyon JP, Putterman C, Wofsy D, James JA, Guthridge JM, Diamond B, Anolik JH, Mackey MF, Alves SE, Nigrovic PA, Costenbader KH, Brenner MB, Lederer JA, Rao DA. PD-1hiCXCR5- T peripheral helper cells promote B cell responses in lupus via MAF and IL-21. JCI Insight 2019; 4:130062. [PMID: 31536480 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.130062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by pathologic T cell-B cell interactions and autoantibody production. Defining the T cell populations that drive B cell responses in SLE may enable design of therapies that specifically target pathologic cell subsets. Here, we evaluated the phenotypes of CD4+ T cells in the circulation of 52 SLE patients drawn from multiple cohorts and identified a highly expanded PD-1hiCXCR5-CD4+ T cell population. Cytometric, transcriptomic, and functional assays demonstrated that PD-1hiCXCR5-CD4+ T cells from SLE patients are T peripheral helper (Tph) cells, a CXCR5- T cell population that stimulates B cell responses via IL-21. The frequency of Tph cells, but not T follicular helper (Tfh) cells, correlated with both clinical disease activity and the frequency of CD11c+ B cells in SLE patients. PD-1hiCD4+ T cells were found within lupus nephritis kidneys and correlated with B cell numbers in the kidney. Both IL-21 neutralization and CRISPR-mediated deletion of MAF abrogated the ability of Tph cells to induce memory B cell differentiation into plasmablasts in vitro. These findings identify Tph cells as a highly expanded T cell population in SLE and suggest a key role for Tph cells in stimulating pathologic B cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ye Cao
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy
| | - Chamith Y Fonseka
- Center for Data Sciences, and.,Division of Rheumatology and Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute and Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Eric S Muise
- Oncology & Immunology Discovery, and.,Genetics and Pharmacogenomics, Merck & Co. Inc., Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kelvin X Zhang
- Oncology & Immunology Discovery, and.,Genetics and Pharmacogenomics, Merck & Co. Inc., Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Arnon Arazi
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute and Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Zhihan J Li
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy
| | - Yujie Qu
- Oncology & Immunology Discovery, and
| | | | - Michelle Petri
- Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jill P Buyon
- Division of Rheumatology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Chaim Putterman
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology and Division of Rheumatology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - David Wofsy
- Rheumatology Division and Russell/Engleman Research Center, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Judith A James
- Department of Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Joel M Guthridge
- Department of Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Betty Diamond
- Center for Autoimmune, Musculoskeletal and Hematopoietic Diseases, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York, USA
| | - Jennifer H Anolik
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | | | | | - Peter A Nigrovic
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy.,Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | | | - Deepak A Rao
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy
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25
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Kato R, Sumitomo S, Tsuchida Y, Tsuchiya H, Nakachi S, Sakurai K, Hanata N, Nagafuchi Y, Kubo K, Tateishi S, Kanda H, Okamura T, Yamamoto K, Fujio K. CD4 +CD25 +LAG3 + T Cells With a Feature of Th17 Cells Associated With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1619. [PMID: 31354747 PMCID: PMC6640175 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease that involves multiple immune cell subsets. We analyzed immune cell subsets in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in order to identify the cells that are significantly associated with SLE disease activity and treatment. The frequencies of various subsets of CD4+ T cells, B cells, monocytes and NK cells in PBMC were assessed in 30 healthy controls (HC), 30 rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and 26 SLE patients using flow cytometry. The correlations between subset frequencies in SLE and clinical traits including Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) were examined. Changes in subset frequencies after the treatment in SLE patients were investigated. We focused on CD25+LAG3+ T cells and investigated their characteristics, including cytokine secretion, mRNA expression and suppression capacity. We assessed correlations between CD25+LAG3+ T cells and SLEDAI by Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. CD25+LAG3+ T cells were significantly increased in SLE whereas there were few in RA and HC groups. CD25+LAG3+ T cell frequencies were significantly correlated with SLEDAI and were increased in patients with a high SLEDAI score (> 10). CD25+LAG3+ T cells produced both IL-17 and FOXP3, expressed mRNA of both FOXP3 and RORC and lacked suppressive capacity. CD25+LAG3+ T cells were associated with disease activity of SLE. CD25+LAG3+ T cells had features of both CD25+FOXP3+ regulatory T cells (CD25+ Treg) and Th17. CD25+LAG3+ T cells could be associated with the inflammatory pathophysiology of SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rika Kato
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuji Sumitomo
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yumi Tsuchida
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruka Tsuchiya
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Nakachi
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiichi Sakurai
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norio Hanata
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuo Nagafuchi
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kanae Kubo
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shoko Tateishi
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Immunotherapy Management, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroko Kanda
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Immunotherapy Management, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Okamura
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Max Planck-The University of Tokyo Center for Integrative Inflammology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Yamamoto
- Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Keishi Fujio
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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26
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Soni C, Reizis B. Self-DNA at the Epicenter of SLE: Immunogenic Forms, Regulation, and Effects. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1601. [PMID: 31354738 PMCID: PMC6637313 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-reactive B cells generated through V(D)J recombination in the bone marrow or through accrual of random mutations in secondary lymphoid tissues are mostly purged or edited to prevent autoimmunity. Yet, 10–20% of all mature naïve B cells in healthy individuals have self-reactive B cell receptors (BCRs). In patients with serologically active systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) the percentage increases up to 50%, with significant self-DNA reactivity that correlates with disease severity. Endogenous or self-DNA has emerged as a potent antigen in several autoimmune disorders, particularly in SLE. However, the mechanism(s) regulating or preventing anti-DNA antibody production remain elusive. It is likely that in healthy subjects, DNA-reactive B cells avoid activation due to the unavailability of endogenous DNA, which is efficiently degraded through efferocytosis and various DNA-processing proteins. Genetic defects, physiological, and/or pathological conditions can override these protective checkpoints, leading to autoimmunity. Plausibly, increased availability of immunogenic self-DNA may be the key initiating event in the loss of tolerance of otherwise quiescent DNA-reactive B cells. Indeed, mutations impairing apoptotic cell clearance pathways and nucleic acid metabolism-associated genes like DNases, RNases, and their sensors are known to cause autoimmune disorders including SLE. Here we review the literature supporting the idea that increased availability of DNA as an immunogen or adjuvant, or both, may cause the production of pathogenic anti-DNA antibodies and subsequent manifestations of clinical disease such as SLE. We discuss the main cellular players involved in anti-DNA responses; the physical forms and sources of immunogenic DNA in autoimmunity; the DNA-protein complexes that render DNA immunogenic; the regulation of DNA availability by intracellular and extracellular DNases and the autoimmune pathologies associated with their dysfunction; the cytosolic and endosomal sensors of immunogenic DNA; and the cytokines such as interferons that drive auto-inflammatory and autoimmune pathways leading to clinical disease. We propose that prevention of DNA availability by aiding extracellular DNase activity could be a viable therapeutic modality in controlling SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chetna Soni
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Boris Reizis
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
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27
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Suurmond J, Atisha-Fregoso Y, Barlev AN, Calderon SA, Mackay MC, Aranow C, Diamond B. Patterns of ANA+ B cells for SLE patient stratification. JCI Insight 2019; 4:127885. [PMID: 31045579 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.127885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
IgG antinuclear antibodies (ANAs) are a dominant feature of several autoimmune diseases. We previously showed that systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is characterized by increased ANA+ IgG plasmablasts/plasma cells (PCs) through aberrant IgG PC differentiation rather than an antigen-specific tolerance defect. Here, we aimed to understand the differentiation pathways resulting in ANA+ IgG PCs in SLE patients. We demonstrate distinct profiles of ANA+ antigen-experienced B cells in SLE patients, characterized by either a high frequency of PCs or a high frequency of IgG+ memory B cells. This classification of SLE patients was unrelated to disease activity and remained stable over time in almost all patients, suggesting minimal influence of disease activity. A similar classification applies to antigen-specific B cell subsets in mice following primary immunization with T-independent and T-dependent antigens as well as in lupus-prone mouse models (MRL/lpr and NZB/W). We further show that, in both lupus-prone mice and SLE patients, the classification correlates with the serum autoantibody profile. In this study, we identified B cell phenotypes that we propose reflect an extrafollicular pathway for PC differentiation or a germinal center pathway, respectively. The classification we propose can be used to stratify patients for longitudinal studies and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolien Suurmond
- Center of Autoimmune Musculoskeletal and Hematopoietic Diseases, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York, USA
| | - Yemil Atisha-Fregoso
- Center of Autoimmune Musculoskeletal and Hematopoietic Diseases, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York, USA.,Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Ashley N Barlev
- Center of Autoimmune Musculoskeletal and Hematopoietic Diseases, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York, USA.,Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, New York, USA
| | - Silvia A Calderon
- Center of Autoimmune Musculoskeletal and Hematopoietic Diseases, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York, USA
| | - Meggan C Mackay
- Center of Autoimmune Musculoskeletal and Hematopoietic Diseases, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York, USA
| | - Cynthia Aranow
- Center of Autoimmune Musculoskeletal and Hematopoietic Diseases, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York, USA
| | - Betty Diamond
- Center of Autoimmune Musculoskeletal and Hematopoietic Diseases, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York, USA
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28
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Cippà PE, Liu J, Sun B, Kumar S, Naesens M, McMahon AP. A late B lymphocyte action in dysfunctional tissue repair following kidney injury and transplantation. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1157. [PMID: 30858375 PMCID: PMC6411919 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09092-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms initiating late immune responses to an allograft are poorly understood. Here we show, via transcriptome analysis of serial protocol biopsies from kidney transplants, that the initial responses to kidney injury correlate with a late B lymphocyte signature relating to renal dysfunction and fibrosis. With a potential link between dysfunctional repair and immunoreactivity, we investigate the immunological consequences of dysfunctional repair examining chronic disease in mouse kidneys 18 months after a bilateral ischemia/reperfusion injury event. In the absence of foreign antigens, a sustained immune response involving both innate and adaptive immune systems accompanies a transition to chronic kidney damage. At late stages, B lymphocytes exhibite an antigen-driven proliferation, selection and maturation into broadly-reacting antibody-secreting cells. These findings reveal a previously unappreciated role for dysfunctional tissue repair in local immunomodulation that may have particular relevance to transplant-associated immunobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro E Cippà
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, 90033-9080, CA, USA.
- Division of Nephrology, Regional Hospital Lugano, Lugano, 6900, Switzerland.
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, 90033-9080, CA, USA
| | - Bo Sun
- Molecular and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, 90089-2910, CA, USA
| | - Sanjeev Kumar
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, 90033-9080, CA, USA
| | - Maarten Naesens
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
- Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Andrew P McMahon
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, 90033-9080, CA, USA.
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29
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McManigle W, Youssef A, Sarantopoulos S. B cells in chronic graft-versus-host disease. Hum Immunol 2019; 80:393-399. [PMID: 30849450 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloHCT) is the definitive therapy for numerous otherwise incurable hematologic malignancies and non-malignant diseases. The genetic disparity between donor and recipient both underpins therapeutic effects and confers donor immune system-mediated damage in the recipient, called graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Chronic GVHD (cGVHD) is a major cause of late post-transplant morbidity and mortality. B cells have a substantiated role in cGVHD pathogenesis, as first demonstrated by clinical response to the anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody, rituximab. Initiation of CD20 blockade is met at times with limited therapeutic success that has been associated with altered peripheral B cell homeostasis and excess B Cell Activating Factor of the TNF family (BAFF). Increased BAFF to B cell ratios are associated with the presence of circulating, constitutively activated B cells in patients with cGVHD. These cGVHD patient B cells have increased survival capacity and signal through both BAFF-associated and B Cell Receptor (BCR) signaling pathways. Proximal BCR signaling molecules, Syk and BTK, appear to be hyper-activated in cGVHD B cells and can be targeted with small molecule inhibitors. Murine studies have confirmed roles for Syk and BTK in development of cGVHD. Emerging evidence has prompted investigation of several small molecule inhibitors in an attempt to restore B cell homeostasis and potentially target rare, pathologic B cell populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- William McManigle
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ayman Youssef
- Adult Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Alexandria Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Stefanie Sarantopoulos
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
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30
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Jenks SA, Cashman KS, Woodruff MC, Lee FEH, Sanz I. Extrafollicular responses in humans and SLE. Immunol Rev 2019; 288:136-148. [PMID: 30874345 PMCID: PMC6422038 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chronic autoimmune diseases, and in particular Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), are endowed with a long-standing autoreactive B-cell compartment that is presumed to reactivate periodically leading to the generation of new bursts of pathogenic antibody-secreting cells (ASC). Moreover, pathogenic autoantibodies are typically characterized by a high load of somatic hypermutation and in some cases are highly stable even in the context of prolonged B-cell depletion. Long-lived, highly mutated antibodies are typically generated through T-cell-dependent germinal center (GC) reactions. Accordingly, an important role for GC reactions in the generation of pathogenic autoreactivity has been postulated in SLE. Nevertheless, pathogenic autoantibodies and autoimmune disease can be generated through B-cell extrafollicular (EF) reactions in multiple mouse models and human SLE flares are characterized by the expansion of naive-derived activated effector B cells of extrafollicular phenotype. In this review, we will discuss the properties of the EF B-cell pathway, its relationship to other effector B-cell populations, its role in autoimmune diseases, and its contribution to human SLE. Furthermore, we discuss the relationship of EF B cells with Age-Associated B cells (ABCs), a TLR-7-driven B-cell population that mediates murine autoimmune and antiviral responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A. Jenks
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Kevin S. Cashman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Matthew C. Woodruff
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - F. Eun-Hyung Lee
- Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Ignacio Sanz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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31
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Caielli S, Veiga DT, Balasubramanian P, Athale S, Domic B, Murat E, Banchereau R, Xu Z, Chandra M, Chung CH, Walters L, Baisch J, Wright T, Punaro M, Nassi L, Stewart K, Fuller J, Ucar D, Ueno H, Zhou J, Banchereau J, Pascual V. A CD4 + T cell population expanded in lupus blood provides B cell help through interleukin-10 and succinate. Nat Med 2019; 25:75-81. [PMID: 30478422 PMCID: PMC6325012 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-018-0254-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms underlying autoantibody development will accelerate therapeutic target identification in autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)1. Follicular helper T cells (TFH cells) have long been implicated in SLE pathogenesis. Yet a fraction of autoantibodies in individuals with SLE are unmutated, supporting that autoreactive B cells also differentiate outside germinal centers2. Here, we describe a CXCR5-CXCR3+ programmed death 1 (PD1)hiCD4+ helper T cell population distinct from TFH cells and expanded in both SLE blood and the tubulointerstitial areas of individuals with proliferative lupus nephritis. These cells produce interleukin-10 (IL-10) and accumulate mitochondrial reactive oxygen species as the result of reverse electron transport fueled by succinate. Furthermore, they provide B cell help, independently of IL-21, through IL-10 and succinate. Similar cells are generated in vitro upon priming naive CD4+ T cells with plasmacytoid dendritic cells activated with oxidized mitochondrial DNA, a distinct class of interferogenic toll-like receptor 9 ligand3. Targeting this pathway might blunt the initiation and/or perpetuation of extrafollicular humoral responses in SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Caielli
- Baylor Institute for Immunology Research, Dallas, TX, USA
- Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Preetha Balasubramanian
- Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shruti Athale
- Baylor Institute for Immunology Research, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Bojana Domic
- Baylor Institute for Immunology Research, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Elise Murat
- Baylor Institute for Immunology Research, Dallas, TX, USA
- Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Zhaohui Xu
- Baylor Institute for Immunology Research, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | - Cheng-Han Chung
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Lynnette Walters
- Baylor Institute for Immunology Research, Dallas, TX, USA
- Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jeanine Baisch
- Baylor Institute for Immunology Research, Dallas, TX, USA
- Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tracey Wright
- Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Marilynn Punaro
- Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Lorien Nassi
- Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Katie Stewart
- Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Julie Fuller
- Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Duygu Ucar
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Hideki Ueno
- Baylor Institute for Immunology Research, Dallas, TX, USA
- Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joseph Zhou
- Pathologists Bio-Medical Laboratories, Lewisville, TX, USA
| | | | - Virginia Pascual
- Baylor Institute for Immunology Research, Dallas, TX, USA.
- Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children, Dallas, TX, USA.
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The presence of anti-nuclear antibodies alone is associated with changes in B cell activation and T follicular helper cells similar to those in systemic autoimmune rheumatic disease. Arthritis Res Ther 2018; 20:264. [PMID: 30486869 PMCID: PMC6263058 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-018-1752-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diagnosis of systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARD) relies on the presence of hallmark anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA), many of which can be detected years before clinical manifestations. However, ANAs are also seen in healthy individuals, most of whom will not develop SARD. Here, we examined a unique cohort of asymptomatic ANA+ individuals to determine whether they share any of the cellular immunologic features seen in SARD. METHODS Healthy ANA- controls and ANA+ (ANA ≥1:160 by immunofluorescence) participants with no SARD criteria, with at least one criterion (undifferentiated connective tissue disease (UCTD)), or meeting SARD classification criteria were recruited. Peripheral blood cellular immunological changes were assessed by flow cytometry and transcript levels of BAFF, interferon (IFN)-induced and plasma cell-expressed genes were quantified by NanoString. RESULTS A number of the immunologic abnormalities seen in SARD, including changes in peripheral B (switched memory) and T (iNKT, T regulatory, activated memory T follicular helper) subsets and B cell activation, were also seen in asymptomatic ANA+ subjects and those with UCTD. The extent of these immunologic changes correlated with ANA titer or the number of different specific ANAs produced. Principal component analysis of the cellular data indicated that a significant proportion of asymptomatic ANA+ subjects and subjects with UCTD clustered with patients with early SARD, rather than ANA- healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS ANA production is associated with altered T and B cell activation even in asymptomatic individuals. Some of the currently accepted cellular features of SARD may be associated with ANA production rather than the immunologic events that cause symptoms in SARD.
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Kim SJ, Lee K, Diamond B. Follicular Helper T Cells in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1793. [PMID: 30123218 PMCID: PMC6085416 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
CD4+ follicular helper T (Tfh) cells constitute a subset of effector T cells that participate in the generation of high-affinity humoral responses. They express the chemokine receptor CXCR5 and produce the cytokine IL-21, both of which are required for their contribution to germinal center formation. Uncontrolled expansion of Tfh cells is observed in various mouse models of systemic autoimmune diseases and in patients with these diseases. In particular, the frequency of circulating Tfh is correlated with disease activity and anti-DNA antibody titer in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Recent studies reveal functional diversity within the Tfh population in both humans and mice. We will summarize here the molecular mechanisms for Tfh cell generation, survival and function in both humans and mice, and the relationship between Tfh cells and autoimmune disease in animal models and in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Jung Kim
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, New York, NY, United States
| | - Kyungwoo Lee
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, New York, NY, United States
| | - Betty Diamond
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, New York, NY, United States
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34
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Zhu Z, Yang C, Wen L, Liu L, Zuo X, Zhou F, Gao J, Zheng X, Shi Y, Zhu C, Liang B, Yin X, Wang W, Cheng H, Shen S, Tang X, Tang H, Sun L, Zhang A, Yang S, Cui Y, Zhang X, Sheng Y. RETRACTED: Bach2 regulates aberrant activation of B cell in systemic lupus erythematosus and can be negatively regulated by BCR-ABL/PI3K. Exp Cell Res 2018; 365:138-144. [PMID: 29501569 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy). The article has been retracted at the request of the Editor-in-Chief and the authors. The journal is retracting this paper after the authors reached out to the journal with a statement that several images contained duplications from another published paper. Part of the panels in Figure 1D and Figure 4D are duplications of panels in Figure 7 of Wang et al., Int J Mol Sci (2016), DOI: 10.3390/ijms17060969. The β-actin panel in Figure 2E is same as the α-tubulin panel in Figure 4B. In addition, the corresponding author informed the journal that “there were serious conflicts of personal interest, part of co-authors of this paper were not involved in the study and not aware of the submission, and they did not authorize their names to appear in the article”.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengwei Zhu
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Leilei Wen
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Xianbo Zuo
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Fusheng Zhou
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Jinping Gao
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Xiaodong Zheng
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Yinjuan Shi
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Caihong Zhu
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Bo Liang
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Xianyong Yin
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Wenjun Wang
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Hui Cheng
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Songke Shen
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Xianfa Tang
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Huayang Tang
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Liangdan Sun
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Anping Zhang
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Sen Yang
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Yong Cui
- Department of Dermatology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, East Street Cherry Park, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xuejun Zhang
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Yujun Sheng
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China.
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35
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Malkiel S, Barlev AN, Atisha-Fregoso Y, Suurmond J, Diamond B. Plasma Cell Differentiation Pathways in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Front Immunol 2018; 9:427. [PMID: 29556239 PMCID: PMC5845388 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasma cells (PCs) are responsible for the production of protective antibodies against infectious agents but they also produce pathogenic antibodies in autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Traditionally, high affinity IgG autoantibodies are thought to arise through germinal center (GC) responses. However, class switching and somatic hypermutation can occur in extrafollicular (EF) locations, and this pathway has also been implicated in SLE. The pathway from which PCs originate may determine several characteristics, such as PC lifespan and sensitivity to therapeutics. Although both GC and EF responses have been implicated in SLE, we hypothesize that one of these pathways dominates in each individual patient and genetic risk factors may drive this predominance. While it will be important to distinguish polymorphisms that contribute to a GC-driven or EF B cell response to develop targeted treatments, the challenge will be not only to identify the differentiation pathway but the molecular mechanisms involved. In B cells, this task is complicated by the cross-talk between the B cell receptor, toll-like receptors (TLR), and cytokine signaling molecules, which contribute to both GC and EF responses. While risk variants that affect the function of dendritic cells and T follicular helper cells are likely to primarily influence GC responses, it will be important to discover whether some risk variants in the interferon and TLR pathways preferentially influence EF responses. Identifying the pathways of autoreactive PC differentiation in SLE may help us to understand patient heterogeneity and thereby guide precision therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Malkiel
- Center of Autoimmune Musculoskeletal and Hematopoietic Diseases, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Ashley N Barlev
- Center of Autoimmune Musculoskeletal and Hematopoietic Diseases, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States.,Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, United States
| | - Yemil Atisha-Fregoso
- Center of Autoimmune Musculoskeletal and Hematopoietic Diseases, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States.,Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Jolien Suurmond
- Center of Autoimmune Musculoskeletal and Hematopoietic Diseases, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Betty Diamond
- Center of Autoimmune Musculoskeletal and Hematopoietic Diseases, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
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Abstract
Germinal centers (GCs) are dynamic microenvironments that form in the secondary lymphoid organs and generate somatically mutated high-affinity antibodies necessary to establish an effective humoral immune response. Tight regulation of GC responses is critical for maintaining self-tolerance. GCs can arise in the absence of purposeful immunization or overt infection (called spontaneous GCs, Spt-GCs). In autoimmune-prone mice and patients with autoimmune disease, aberrant regulation of Spt-GCs is thought to promote the development of somatically mutated pathogenic autoantibodies and the subsequent development of autoimmunity. The mechanisms that control the formation of Spt-GCs and promote systemic autoimmune diseases remain an open question and the focus of ongoing studies. Here, we discuss the most current studies on the role of Spt-GCs in autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip P Domeier
- a Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Penn State College of Medicine , USA
| | - Stephanie L Schell
- a Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Penn State College of Medicine , USA
| | - Ziaur S M Rahman
- a Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Penn State College of Medicine , USA
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37
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Nakayama Y, Kosek J, Capone L, Hur EM, Schafer PH, Ringheim GE. Aiolos Overexpression in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus B Cell Subtypes and BAFF-Induced Memory B Cell Differentiation Are Reduced by CC-220 Modulation of Cereblon Activity. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 199:2388-2407. [PMID: 28848067 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BAFF is a B cell survival and maturation factor implicated in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In this in vitro study, we describe that soluble BAFF in combination with IL-2 and IL-21 is a T cell contact-independent inducer of human B cell proliferation, plasmablast differentiation, and IgG secretion from circulating CD27+ memory and memory-like CD27-IgD- double-negative (DN) B cells, but not CD27-IgD+ naive B cells. In contrast, soluble CD40L in combination with IL-2 and IL-21 induces these activities in both memory and naive B cells. Blood from healthy donors and SLE patients have similar circulating levels of IL-2, whereas SLE patients exhibit elevated BAFF and DN B cells and reduced IL-21. B cell differentiation transcription factors in memory, DN, and naive B cells in SLE show elevated levels of Aiolos, whereas Ikaros levels are unchanged. Treatment with CC-220, a modulator of the cullin ring ligase 4-cereblon E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, reduces Aiolos and Ikaros protein levels and BAFF- and CD40L-induced proliferation, plasmablast differentiation, and IgG secretion. The observation that the soluble factors BAFF, IL-2, and IL-21 induce memory and DN B cell activation and differentiation has implications for extrafollicular plasmablast development within inflamed tissue. Inhibition of B cell plasmablast differentiation by reduction of Aiolos and Ikaros may have utility in the treatment of SLE, where elevated levels of BAFF and Aiolos may prime CD27+ memory and DN memory-like B cells to become Ab-producing plasmablasts in the presence of BAFF and proinflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumi Nakayama
- Inflammation and Immunology Translational Development, Celgene Corporation, Summit, NJ 07901
| | - Jolanta Kosek
- Inflammation and Immunology Translational Development, Celgene Corporation, Summit, NJ 07901
| | - Lori Capone
- Inflammation and Immunology Translational Development, Celgene Corporation, Summit, NJ 07901
| | - Eun Mi Hur
- Inflammation and Immunology Translational Development, Celgene Corporation, Summit, NJ 07901
| | - Peter H Schafer
- Inflammation and Immunology Translational Development, Celgene Corporation, Summit, NJ 07901
| | - Garth E Ringheim
- Inflammation and Immunology Translational Development, Celgene Corporation, Summit, NJ 07901
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38
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Day J, Limaye V, Proudman S, Hayball JD, Hissaria P. The utility of monitoring peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets by flow cytometric analysis in patients with rheumatological diseases treated with rituximab. Autoimmun Rev 2017; 16:542-547. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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39
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Lee AYS, Bannan JL, Adams MJ, Körner H. Expression of CCR6 on B cells in systemic lupus erythematosus patients. Clin Rheumatol 2017; 36:1453-1456. [PMID: 28444576 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-017-3652-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
B cells are known to play a dominant pathogenic role in autoimmune conditions such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis. In recent times, the chemokine receptor CCR6 and its cognate ligand CCL20 have been shown to play a role in the fundamental kinetics of germinal centres and B cell responses. As CCR6 is found on B cells and is upregulated after activation, we investigated the expression of CCR6 on naive, pre-germinal centre (GC), GC/plasma cell and memory B cells in peripheral B cells of SLE patients and healthy controls using flow cytometry. Pre-germinal centre B cells are found in lower proportions and the expression of CCR6 is increased on B cells of SLE patients, suggesting a role for the chemokine pair in the pathogenesis of the disease. Further studies are needed to explore these preliminary results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Y S Lee
- Western Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Jennifer L Bannan
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, 17 Liverpool Street, Hobart, Tasmania, 7000, Australia
| | - Murray J Adams
- School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Heinrich Körner
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, 17 Liverpool Street, Hobart, Tasmania, 7000, Australia.
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Engineering Technology Research Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immunodrugs in Anhui Province, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China.
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40
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Hamada S, Caballero-Benitez A, Duran KL, Stevens AM, Spies T, Groh V. Soluble MICB in Plasma and Urine Explains Population Expansions of NKG2D +CD4 T Cells Inpatients with Juvenile-Onset Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 7:1-17. [PMID: 28944101 PMCID: PMC5604888 DOI: 10.4236/oji.2017.71001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal NKG2D ligand expression has been implicated in the initiation and maintenance of various auto-inflammatory disorders including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This study’s goal was to identify the cellular contexts providing NKG2D ligands for stimulation of the immunosuppressive NKG2D+CD4 T cell subset that has been implicated in modulating juvenile-onset SLE disease activity. Although previous observations with NKG2D+CD4 T cells in healthy individuals pointed towards peripheral B cell and myeloid cell compartments as possible sites of enhanced NKG2DL presence, we found no evidence for a disease-associated increase of NKG2DL-positivity among juvenile-onset SLE B cells and monocytes. However, juvenile-onset SLE patient plasma and matched urine samples were positive by ELISA for the soluble form of the NKG2D ligands MICA and MICB, suggesting that kidney and/or peripheral blood may constitute the NKG2DL positive microenvironments driving NKG2D+CD4 T cell population expansions in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Hamada
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutch, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Ryukyus University, Okinawa Prefecture, Nishihara, Japan
| | | | - Kate L Duran
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutch, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Anne M Stevens
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.,Center for Immunity and Immuno Therapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Thomas Spies
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutch, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Veronika Groh
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutch, Seattle, WA, USA
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Abstract
Previous studies have identified the immunological functions of transcription factor B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein-1 (Blimp-1) in various adaptive immune cell types such as T and B lymphocytes. More recently, it has been shown that Blimp-1 extends its functional roles to dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages, two cell types belonging to the innate immune system. The protein acts as a direct and indirect regulator of target genes by recruiting chromatin modification factors and by regulating microRNA expression, respectively. In DCs, Blimp-1 has been identified as one of the components involved in antigen presentation. Genome-wide association studies identified polymorphisms associated with multiple autoimmune diseases such as system lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and inflammatory bowel disease in PRDM1, the gene encoding Blimp-1 protein. In this review, we will discuss the immune regulatory functions of Blimp-1 in DCs with a main focus on the tolerogenic mechanisms of Blimp-1 required to protect against the development of autoimmune diseases.
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42
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Follicular Helper T Cells in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Why Should They Be Considered as Interesting Therapeutic Targets? J Immunol Res 2016; 2016:5767106. [PMID: 27635407 PMCID: PMC5011227 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5767106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by B cell hyperactivity leading to the production of autoantibodies, some of which having a deleterious effect. Reducing autoantibody production thus represents a way of controlling lupus pathogenesis, and a better understanding of the molecular and cellular factors involved in the differentiation of B cells into plasma cells could allow identifying new therapeutic targets. Follicular helper T cells (TFH) represent a distinct subset of CD4+ T cells specialized in providing help to B cells. They are required for the formation of germinal centers and the generation of long-lived serological memory and, as such, are suspected to play a central role in SLE. Recent advances in the field of TFH biology have allowed the identification of important molecular factors involved in TFH differentiation, regulation, and function. Interestingly, some of these TFH-related molecules have been described to be dysregulated in lupus patients. In the present review, we give an overview of the aberrant expression and/or function of such key players in lupus, and we highlight their potential as therapeutic targets.
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Dörner T, Lipsky PE. Correlation of circulating CD27high plasma cells and disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus 2016; 13:283-9. [PMID: 15230280 DOI: 10.1191/0961203304lu1014oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
CD27 is a useful marker in assessing the number of circulating B cells and B cell subsets because it permits one step identification of the major B cell compartments, CD27- naïve and CD27+ memory B cells as well as CD27high plasma cells. Abnormalities in the distributionof CD27+ B cell subsets are useful in assessing disease activity in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE). In particular, the frequencyof CD27high plasma cells significantly correlates with lupus activity in both children and adults with SLE. Conventional immunosuppressive therapies affect the number of CD27- naive B cells and CD27high plasma cells, but do not target CD27+ memory B cells. These results suggest that disease flares may relate to the retention of CD27+ memory B cells after conventional immunosuppressive therapy and that new therapies that target these cells specifically may offer new opportunities to induce remission in SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Dörner
- Department of Medicine, Charité University Medicine, Berlin.
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44
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Weide R, Heymanns J, Pandorf A, Köppler H. Successful long-term treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus with rituximab maintenance therapy. Lupus 2016; 12:779-82. [PMID: 14596428 DOI: 10.1191/0961203303lu449cr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE) is a chronic, inflammatory autoimmune disease that may involve multiple organ systems. Treatment consists of immunosuppression, cytotoxic treatment, plasmapheresis and immunoglobuline therapy. Treatment of patients refractory to standard treatment approaches is difficult and results are poor. We describe a 39-year old patient with SLE sufferingfrom grand mal epilepsy due to cerebralvasculopathywith positivelupus anticoagulant, who was refractory to standard treatment modalities. The patient was treated with the anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody rituximab (375 mg/m2 ×4, repeated at weekly intervals). Rituximab applications were delivered in October 2000, March 2001 and October 2001. Since March 2002 she has received maintenance therapy with rituximab 375 mg/m2 every three months. A second female with refractory SLE was treated successfully in April 2002 and receives maintenance therapy every three months. Both patients responded well to rituximab therapy. The first patient showed a major improvement of her clinical condition, and 30 months after the beginning of the rituximab therapy she is free of any symptoms. inflammation parameters, ANA and lupus anticoagulantdeclined significantly after the treatment. The clinical conditionof the second patient improved dramatically, all inflammation parameters normalized and her circulating immunocomplexes disappeared. In conclusion, rituximab maintenance treatment may be a new effective therapy in SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Weide
- Haematology/Oncology Group Practice, Koblenz, Germany.
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45
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Looney RJ, Anolik J, Sanz I. B lymphocytes in systemic lupus erythematosus: lessons from therapy targeting B cells. Lupus 2016; 13:381-90. [PMID: 15230297 DOI: 10.1191/0961203304lu1031oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex disease characterizedby numerous autoantibodies and clinical involvement in multiple organ systems. Autoantibodies are usually present in serum for years before the onset of clinical disease. Autoimmunity begins with a limited number of autoantibodiesand evolves to become progressivelymore diverse. Eventually clinical disease ensues. The immunological events triggering the onset of clinical manifestations have not yet been defined. While undoubtedly T cells and dendritic cells appear to play major roles in SLE, a central role for B cells in the pathogenesis of this disease has been brought to the fore in the last few years by work performed both in mice and humans by multiple laboratories.As a result, there is little doubt about the importance of B cells in the development of SLE. Yet much remains to be learned about their role in the ongoing disease process and the merit of targeting B cells for the treatment of SLE. This article will review the role of B cells in human SLE as well as the currently available data on the treatment of SLE by depleting B cells with anti-CD20 (rituximab).
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Looney
- Allergy Immunology, Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, NY 14642, USA.
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46
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Blanco P, Ueno H, Schmitt N. T follicular helper (Tfh) cells in lupus: Activation and involvement in SLE pathogenesis. Eur J Immunol 2016; 46:281-90. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.201545760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Blanco
- Univ. Bordeaux; CIRID, UMR/CNRS; 5164 Bordeaux France
- CNRS; CIRID, UMR; 5164 Bordeaux France
- CHU de Bordeaux; Bordeaux France
| | - Hideki Ueno
- Baylor Institute for Immunology Research; Dallas USA
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47
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Garrett-Sinha LA, Kearly A, Satterthwaite AB. The Role of the Transcription Factor Ets1 in Lupus and Other Autoimmune Diseases. Crit Rev Immunol 2016; 36:485-510. [PMID: 28845756 DOI: 10.1615/critrevimmunol.2017020284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by excess B- and T-cell activation, the development of autoantibodies against self-antigens including nuclear antigens, and immune complex deposition in target organs, which triggers an inflammatory response and tissue damage. The genetic and environmental factors that contribute to the development of SLE have been studied extensively in both humans and mouse models of the disease. One of the important genetic contributions to SLE development is an alteration in the expression of the transcription factor Ets1, which regulates the functional differentiation of lymphocytes. Here, we review the genetic, biochemical, and immunological studies that have linked low levels of Ets1 to aberrant lymphocyte differentiation and to the pathogenesis of SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Ann Garrett-Sinha
- Department of Biochemistry, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203
| | - Alyssa Kearly
- Department of Biochemistry, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203
| | - Anne B Satterthwaite
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rheumatic Diseases Division; Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
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48
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B cells biology in systemic lupus erythematosus—from bench to bedside. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2015; 58:1111-25. [DOI: 10.1007/s11427-015-4953-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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49
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Ballesteros-Tato A. Beyond regulatory T cells: the potential role for IL-2 to deplete T-follicular helper cells and treat autoimmune diseases. Immunotherapy 2015; 6:1207-20. [PMID: 25496335 DOI: 10.2217/imt.14.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-dose IL-2 administration suppresses unwanted immune responses in mice and humans, thus evidencing the potential of IL-2 to treat autoimmune disorders. Increased Tregs activity is one of the potential mechanisms by which low-dose IL-2 immunotherapy induces immunosuppression. In addition, recent data indicate that IL-2 may contribute to prevent unwanted self-reactive responses by preventing the developing of T-follicular helper cells, a CD4(+) T-cell subset that expands in autoimmune disease patients and promotes long-term effector B-cell responses. Here we discuss the mechanisms underlying the clinical benefits of low-dose IL-2 administration, focusing on the role of this cytokine in promoting Treg-mediated suppression and preventing self-reactive T-follicular helper cell responses.
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50
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Roles of B Cell-Intrinsic TLR Signals in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:13084-105. [PMID: 26068236 PMCID: PMC4490487 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160613084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 05/31/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a large family of pattern recognition receptors. TLR signals are involved in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus. Mouse and human B cells constitutively express most TLRs. Many B cell subpopulations are highly responsive to certain TLR ligation, including B-1 B cells, transitional B cells, marginal zone B cells, germinal center B cell and memory B cells. The B cell-intrinsic TLR signals play critical roles during lupus process. In this review, roles of B cell-intrinsic TLR2, 4, 7, 8 and 9 signals are discussed during lupus pathogenesis in both mouse model and patients. Moreover, mechanisms underlying TLR ligation-triggered B cell activation and signaling pathways are highlighted.
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