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Sasidharan JK, Patra MK, Khan JA, Shah I, Sharma R, De UK, Saxena AC, Singh SK, Kumar H, Krishnaswamy N. Secretory leucocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) as an adjunct prognostic biomarker for canine pyometra. Reprod Domest Anim 2023; 58:1604-1611. [PMID: 37727883 DOI: 10.1111/rda.14477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Pyometra is a potentially life-threatening condition that affects intact female dogs in their middle to advance age. Timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment are critical for the survival of patients, especially when pyometra advances to sepsis. This study aimed to investigate the prognostic potential of certain haematology, serum biochemical and inflammatory biomarker, secretory leucocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) for pyometra in bitches (n = 41). Blood samples were collected after clinical diagnosis of pyometra for haematology and serum biochemistry. Based on the prognosis following medical/surgical treatment, animals were retrospectively categorized into survivor (n = 29) and dead (n = 12). Endometrial tissue sections were obtained from the bitches undergoing ovariohysterectomy (n = 21). Serum concentration of SLPI was quantified using sandwich ELISA and its expression in the endometrium was investigated using RT-qPCR. A marked increase in the total leucocyte count (TLC), neutrophils, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine was observed in the female dogs that did not survive. Significant elevation in the serum SLPI concentration (3.49 ± 0.44 vs. 2.38 ± 0.13 ng/mL) was observed in the bitches those died after the treatment, in comparison to those survived (p < .01). Additionally, there was a notable upregulation of SLPI in the endometrium in the bitches those died due to pyometra. Based on the ROC analysis results, it was observed that a cut-off concentration of 2.93 ng/mL for SLPI, 27.77 mg/dL for BUN and 16.3 × 103 /μL for TLC could effectively distinguish the prognosis of pyometra-affected dogs. From this study, it can be concluded that upregulation of SLPI in the endometrium and its elevated concentration in peripheral circulation along with TLC and BUN concentration could serve as valuable indicators for predicting the prognosis of pyometra in bitches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manas Kumar Patra
- Animal Reproduction Division, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
- Livestock Production and Management Section, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
| | - Javid Ahmad Khan
- Animal Reproduction Division, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
| | - Irfan Shah
- Animal Reproduction Division, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
| | - Renu Sharma
- Animal Reproduction Division, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
| | - Ujjwal Kumar De
- Division of Medicine, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
| | | | - Sanjay Kumar Singh
- Animal Reproduction Division, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
| | - Harendra Kumar
- Animal Reproduction Division, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
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Saucedo L, Pfister IB, Schild C, Garweg JG. Association of inflammation-related markers and diabetic retinopathy severity in the aqueous humor, but not serum of type 2 diabetic patients. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0293139. [PMID: 37883447 PMCID: PMC10602301 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a frequent microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus, and inflammatory pathways have been linked to its pathogenesis. In this retrospective, observational pilot study, we aimed to compare the concentrations of four inflammation-related proteins, ZAG, Reg-3a, elafin and RBP-4, in the serum and aqueous humor of healthy controls and diabetic patients with different stages of DR. The concentrations of VEGF-A, IL-8, IL-6 were determined in parallel as internal controls. In the serum, we did not find significant differences in the concentrations of target proteins. In the aqueous humor, higher levels of ZAG, RBP-4, Reg-3a and elafin were observed in advanced nonproliferative DR (NPDR)/ proliferative DR (PDR) compared to controls. The levels of ZAG and RBP-4 were also higher in advanced NPDR/PDR than in nonapparent DR. Normalization of target protein concentrations to the aqueous humor total protein demonstrates that a spill-over from serum due to breakage of the blood-retina barrier only partially accounts for increased inflammation related markers in later stages. In conclusion, we found elevated levels of Reg-3a, RBP-4, elafin and ZAG in advanced stages of diabetic retinopathy. Higher levels of pro-inflammatory proteins, Reg-3a and RBP-4, might contribute to the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy, as the parallel increased concentrations of anti-inflammatory molecules elafin and ZAG might indicate a compensatory mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Saucedo
- Swiss Eye Institute, Rotkreuz, and Berner Augenklinik, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Isabel B. Pfister
- Swiss Eye Institute, Rotkreuz, and Berner Augenklinik, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christin Schild
- Swiss Eye Institute, Rotkreuz, and Berner Augenklinik, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Justus G. Garweg
- Swiss Eye Institute, Rotkreuz, and Berner Augenklinik, Bern, Switzerland
- Department Ophthalmology, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Myszor IT, Gudmundsson GH. Modulation of innate immunity in airway epithelium for host-directed therapy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1197908. [PMID: 37251385 PMCID: PMC10213533 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1197908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate immunity of the mucosal surfaces provides the first-line defense from invading pathogens and pollutants conferring protection from the external environment. Innate immune system of the airway epithelium consists of several components including the mucus layer, mucociliary clearance of beating cilia, production of host defense peptides, epithelial barrier integrity provided by tight and adherens junctions, pathogen recognition receptors, receptors for chemokines and cytokines, production of reactive oxygen species, and autophagy. Therefore, multiple components interplay with each other for efficient protection from pathogens that still can subvert host innate immune defenses. Hence, the modulation of innate immune responses with different inducers to boost host endogenous front-line defenses in the lung epithelium to fend off pathogens and to enhance epithelial innate immune responses in the immunocompromised individuals is of interest for host-directed therapy. Herein, we reviewed possibilities of modulation innate immune responses in the airway epithelium for host-directed therapy presenting an alternative approach to standard antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona T. Myszor
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biomedical Center, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Gudmundur Hrafn Gudmundsson
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biomedical Center, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Deraison C, Bonnart C, Langella P, Roget K, Vergnolle N. Elafin and its precursor trappin-2: What is their therapeutic potential for intestinal diseases? Br J Pharmacol 2023; 180:144-160. [PMID: 36355635 PMCID: PMC10098471 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Elafin and its precursor trappin-2 are known for their contribution to the physiological mucosal shield against luminal microbes. Such a contribution seems to be particularly relevant in the gut, where the exposure of host tissues to heavy loads of microbes is constant and contributes to mucosa-associated pathologies. The expression of trappin-2/elafin has been shown to be differentially regulated in diseases associated with gut inflammation. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated the protective effects of trappin-2/elafin in gut intestinal disorders associated with acute or chronic inflammation, or with gluten sensitization disorders. The protective effects of trappin-2/elafin in the gut are discussed in terms of their pleiotropic modes of action: acting as protease inhibitors, transglutaminase substrates, antimicrobial peptides or as a regulator of pro-inflammatory transcription factors. Further, the question of the therapeutic potential of trappin-2/elafin delivery at the intestinal mucosa surface is raised. Whether trappin-2/elafin mucosal delivery should be considered to ensure intestinal tissue repair is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Deraison
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, Univ Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Chrystelle Bonnart
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, Univ Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Philippe Langella
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, INRAE, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | - Nathalie Vergnolle
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, Univ Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Krawiec P, Pac-Kożuchowska E. Clinical Significance of Serum Elafin in Children with Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123267. [PMID: 36552023 PMCID: PMC9775364 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of elafin in the pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has not been not elucidated. We aimed to evaluate serum elafin in children with IBD and assess its relationship with disease activity. METHODS We enrolled children with IBD in the study group and children with functional abdominal pain in the control group. We evaluated serum elafin using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. RESULTS In children with IBD, serum elafin (mean ± SD: 4.192 ± 1.424 ng/mL) was significantly elevated compared with controls (mean ± SD: 3.029 ± 1.366 ng/mL) (p = 0.0005). Elafin was significantly increased in children in the active phase of IBD (mean ± SD: 4.424 ± 1.449 ng/mL) compared with the control group (p = 0.0003). In IBD remission, only children with ulcerative colitis (mean ± SD: 4.054 ± 1.536 ng/mL) had elevated elafin compared with controls (p = 0.004). ROC analysis revealed that the area under the curve (AUC) of serum elafin was 0.809 while discriminating patients with ulcerative colitis from the control group, and the AUC was 0.664 while differentiating patients with Crohn's disease from the control group. CONCLUSIONS Serum elafin was found to be elevated in our cohort of children with IBD, depending on disease activity. Serum elafin was increased in the active phases of both ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, but only in the remission of ulcerative colitis. Elafin appears to be a potential candidate for a biomarker of ulcerative colitis.
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Li S, Zhang Q, Weng L, Li J. Construction of an immune-related signature for predicting the ischemic events in patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy. Front Genet 2022; 13:1014264. [PMID: 36299596 PMCID: PMC9592116 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1014264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Inflammatory responses have drawn more attention to atherosclerosis; however, the immune-related genes (IRGs) as a prognostic factor in atherosclerotic plaque remain to be fully elucidated. Here, the purpose of this study was to investigate whether the IRGs could be identified as a reliable biomarker for predicting ischemic events in patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy (CEA). Methods: Two datasets GSE97210 and GSE21545 were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The dataset GSE97210 was used to explore the significant pathways and differentially expressed IRGs (DEIRGs) between plaques and controls, which were further screened to identify the prognostic DEIRGs in the GSE21545 dataset. The identification of molecular subgroups with the prognostic gene expression patterns was achieved through nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) clustering. Functional analyses including GO, KEGG, GSVA, and GSEA analyses, and immune analyses including xCell and ssGSEA algorithms were conducted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. The prognostic risk model was constructed using the LASSO algorithm and multivariate Cox regression analysis. Results: A total of 796 DEIRGs (including 588 upregulated and 208 downregulated) were identified. Nine prognostic DEIRGs were further screened with univariate Cox regression analysis. Two clusters with different prognosis were grouped based on the prognostic DEIRGs. Immune infiltration analysis shows that cluster 2 with a better prognosis presented with a higher immune response than cluster 1. A prognostic model based on seven IRGs (IL2RA, NR4A2, DES, ERAP2, SLPI, RASGRP1, and AGTR2) was developed and verified. Consistent with the immune analysis of the cluster, the immune infiltration in the low-risk group with a better prognosis was also more active than that in the high-risk group. Finally, a nomogram based on the seven genes was constructed, which might have future implications in clinical care. Conclusion: The expression of immune-related genes is correlated with the immune microenvironment of atherosclerotic patients and could be applied to predict the ischemic events in patients undergoing CEA accurately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shifu Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ling Weng
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China,Hydrocephalus Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China,Hydrocephalus Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China,*Correspondence: Jian Li,
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Pott J, Garcia T, Hauck SM, Petrera A, Wirkner K, Loeffler M, Kirsten H, Peters A, Scholz M. Genetically regulated gene expression and proteins revealed discordant effects. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0268815. [PMID: 35604899 PMCID: PMC9126407 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although gene-expression (GE) and protein levels are typically strongly genetically regulated, their correlation is known to be low. Here we investigate this phenomenon by focusing on the genetic background of this correlation in order to understand the similarities and differences in the genetic regulation of these omics layers. Methods and results We performed locus-wide association studies of 92 protein levels measured in whole blood for 2,014 samples of European ancestry and found that 66 are genetically regulated. Three female- and one male-specific effects were detected. We estimated the genetically regulated GE for all significant genes in 49 GTEx v8 tissues. A total of 7 proteins showed negative correlations with their respective GE across multiple tissues. Finally, we tested for causal links of GE on protein expression via Mendelian Randomization, and confirmed a negative causal effect of GE on protein level for five of these genes in a total of 63 gene-tissue pairs: BLMH, CASP3, CXCL16, IL6R, and SFTPD. For IL6R, we replicated the negative causal effect on coronary-artery disease (CAD), while its GE was positively linked to CAD. Conclusion While total GE and protein levels are only weakly correlated, we found high correlations between their genetically regulated components across multiple tissues. Of note, strong negative causal effects of tissue-specific GE on five protein levels were detected. Causal network analyses revealed that GE effects on CAD risks was in general mediated by protein levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janne Pott
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- LIFE Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- * E-mail: (JP); (MS)
| | - Tarcyane Garcia
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stefanie M. Hauck
- Research Unit Protein Science and Metabolomics and Proteomics Core Facility, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Agnese Petrera
- Research Unit Protein Science and Metabolomics and Proteomics Core Facility, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Wirkner
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- LIFE Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Markus Loeffler
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- LIFE Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Holger Kirsten
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- LIFE Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Annette Peters
- Research Unit Protein Science and Metabolomics and Proteomics Core Facility, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Epidemiology, Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Scholz
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- LIFE Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- * E-mail: (JP); (MS)
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Single-Cell RNA-Seq Reveals a Crosstalk between Hyaluronan Receptor LYVE-1-Expressing Macrophages and Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030411. [PMID: 35159221 PMCID: PMC8834524 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease where macrophages participate in the progression of the disease. However, the role of resident-like macrophages (res-like) in the atherosclerotic aorta is not completely understood. Methods: A single-cell RNA sequencing analysis of CD45+ leukocytes in the atherosclerotic aorta of apolipoprotein E–deficient (Apoe−/−) mice on a normal cholesterol diet (NCD) or a high cholesterol diet (HCD), respecting the side-to-specific predisposition to atherosclerosis, was performed. A population of res-like macrophages expressing hyaluronan receptor LYVE-1 was investigated via flow cytometry, co-culture experiments, and immunofluorescence in human atherosclerotic plaques from carotid artery disease patients (CAD). Results: We identified 12 principal leukocyte clusters with distinct atherosclerosis disease-relevant gene expression signatures. LYVE-1+ res-like macrophages, expressing a high level of CC motif chemokine ligand 24 (CCL24, eotaxin-2), expanded under hypercholesteremia in Apoe−/− mice and promoted VSMC phenotypic modulation to osteoblast/chondrocyte-like cells, ex vivo, in a CCL24-dependent manner. Moreover, the abundance of LYVE-1+CCL24+ macrophages and elevated systemic levels of CCL24 were associated with vascular calcification and CAD events. Conclusions: LYVE-1 res-like macrophages, via the secretion of CCL24, promote the transdifferentiation of VSMC to osteogenic-like cells with a possible role in vascular calcification and likely a detrimental role in atherosclerotic plaque destabilization.
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Yang M, Chen Q, Mei L, Wen G, An W, Zhou X, Niu K, Liu C, Ren M, Sun K, Xiao Q, Zhang L. Neutrophil elastase promotes neointimal hyperplasia by targeting toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-NF-κB signalling. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 178:4048-4068. [PMID: 34076894 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Neointimal hyperplasia (NIH) is the fundamental cause for vascular diseases and vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) dysregulation has been widely implicated in NIH. Neutrophil elastase is a potential therapeutic target for multiple diseases. We investigated the role of neutrophil elastase in VSMC functions and injury-induced NIH and explored the therapeutic potential of targeting neutrophil elastase in NIH. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH VSMCs were used to analyse the effects of neutrophil elastase. Proteomic analysis was used to identify potential neutrophil elastase targets. Artery injury model and neutrophil elastase inhibitor GW311616A were used to investigate the role of neutrophil elastase in NIH. KEY RESULTS TNF-α up-regulated neutrophil elastase in VSMCs through modulating GAPBα/Runx1/CEBPα/c-Myb signalling. Up-regulated neutrophil elastase promoted VSMC migration, proliferation and inflammation. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) was identified as a target protein for neutrophil elastase in VSMCs and the TLR4/MyD88/IRAK1/TRAF6/NF-κB regulatory axis was shown to be the signalling pathway for neutrophil elastase in VSMC pathology. Importantly, TLR4 inhibition abolished neutrophil elastase-mediated VSMC dysregulation. Injury-induced NIH was significantly reduced in both neutrophil elastase-deficient mice and mice treated with GW311616A. The formation of neutrophil extracellular traps was impaired in injured arteries from neutrophil elastase-deficient mice. Finally, a similar role for neutrophil elastase in human VSMC pathology was confirmed and we observed higher expression levels of neutrophil elastase but lower expression levels of TLR4 in human atherosclerotic lesions. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS We provide new insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying NIH and identify neutrophil elastase as a potential therapeutic target for vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Yang
- Department of Cardiology and Institute for Developmental and Regenerative Cardiovascular Medicine, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Qishan Chen
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Li Mei
- Department of Cardiology and Institute for Developmental and Regenerative Cardiovascular Medicine, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guanmei Wen
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiwei An
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Xinmiao Zhou
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Kaiyuan Niu
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Chenxin Liu
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Meixia Ren
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Kun Sun
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Institute for Developmental and Regenerative Cardiovascular Medicine, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingzhong Xiao
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Cardiology and Institute for Developmental and Regenerative Cardiovascular Medicine, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Neutrophil elastase promotes macrophage cell adhesion and cytokine production through the integrin-Src kinases pathway. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15874. [PMID: 32981934 PMCID: PMC7522083 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72667-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
There are a number of respiratory diseases characterized by the presence of excess neutrophil elastase (NE) activity in tissues, including cystic fibrosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). NE is considered a primary contributor to disease development, but the precise mechanism has yet to be fully determined. We hypothesized that NE alters the function of macrophages (Mɸ) which play a critical role in many physiological processes in healthy lungs. We demonstrate that monocyte-derived Mɸ exposed to NE releases active matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), increase expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNFα, IL-1β, and IL-8, and reduce capacity to phagocytose bacteria. Changes in Mɸ function following NE treatment were accompanied by increased adhesion and cytoskeleton re-arrangement, indicating the possibility of integrin involvement. To support this observation, we demonstrate that NE induces phosphorylation of kinases from the Src kinase family, a hallmark of integrin signaling activation. Moreover, pretreatment of Mɸ with a specific Src kinase inhibitor, PP2 completely prevents NE-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine production. Taken together these findings indicate that NE participates in lung destruction not only through direct proteolytic degradation of matrix proteins, but also through activation of Mɸ inflammatory and proteolytic functions.
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Honma K, Jin F, Tonaka R, Sabashi T, Otsuki N, Ichikawa Y, Goda T. Changes in peripheral inflammation-related gene expression by postprandial glycemic response in healthy Japanese men. Nutrition 2020; 84:111026. [PMID: 33131984 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2020.111026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Continuous postprandial hyperglycemia is associated with the onset of cardiovascular disease. In recent years, the mRNA expression of inflammation-related genes in peripheral blood leukocytes has been shown to be induced by an increase in blood glucose levels. The aim of this study was to investigate differences in the expression of inflammation-related genes in peripheral blood leukocytes in response to an increase in blood glucose from individuals who consumed two kinds of breakfast meals with different glycemic indexes (GIs). METHODS Twenty healthy Japanese men 40 to 70 y of age were given low- or high-GI meals for breakfast for 14 d. Clinical examinations were performed on days 7 and 14. Their blood glucose levels and insulin concentrations were measured from before breakfast ingestion to 120 min after. Additionally, using the blood obtained before and 120 min after breakfast, the mRNA expression levels of inflammation-related genes in peripheral leukocytes were measured. RESULTS The blood glucose levels were significantly lower in the low-GI meal intake group at 30, 60, and 120 min after breakfast than in the high-GI meal intake group. The intake of high-GI meals for 6 d led to an increase in the mRNA levels of interleukin-1β, S100A4, and CD18 compared with the period of low-GI meals. CONCLUSION The intake of a low-GI breakfast for 1 wk in healthy Japanese men resulted in lower postprandial blood glucose and insulin levels, which were accompanied by a reduced expression of inflammation-related genes in peripheral blood leukocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazue Honma
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences/Graduate Division of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Fangru Jin
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences/Graduate Division of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Ryota Tonaka
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences/Graduate Division of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Toru Sabashi
- SBS Shizuoka Health Promotion Center, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Naoko Otsuki
- Laboratory of Food Management, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences/Graduate Division of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yoko Ichikawa
- Laboratory of Food Management, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences/Graduate Division of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Toshinao Goda
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences/Graduate Division of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan.
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12
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Holmannova D, Borsky P, Borska L, Andrys C, Hamakova K, Rehacek V, Svadlakova T, Malkova A, Beranek M, Palicka V, Krejsek J, Fiala Z. Metabolic Syndrome, Clusterin and Elafin in Patients with Psoriasis Vulgaris. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165617. [PMID: 32764517 PMCID: PMC7460615 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Psoriasis is a pathological condition characterized by immune system dysfunction and inflammation. Patients with psoriasis are more likely to develop a wide range of disorders associated with inflammation. Serum levels of various substances and their combinations have been associated with the presence of the disease (psoriasis) and have shown the potential to reflect its activity. The aim of the present study is to contribute to the elucidation of pathophysiological links between psoriasis, its pro-inflammatory comorbidity metabolic syndrome (MetS), and the expression of clusterin and elafin, which are reflected in the pathophysiological “portfolio” of both diseases. Material and methods: Clinical examinations (PASI score), ELISA (clusterin, elafin), and biochemical analyses (parameters of MetS) were performed. Results: We found that patients with psoriasis were more often afflicted by MetS, compared to the healthy controls. Clusterin and elafin levels were higher in the patients than in the controls but did not correlate to the severity of psoriasis. Conclusion: Our data suggest that patients with psoriasis are more susceptible to developing other systemic inflammatory diseases, such as MetS. The levels of clusterin and elafin, which are tightly linked to inflammation, were significantly increased in the patients, compared to the controls, but the presence of MetS in patients did not further increase these levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drahomira Holmannova
- Institute of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 50038 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (D.H.); (T.S.); (A.M.); (M.B.); (Z.F.)
| | - Pavel Borsky
- Institute of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 50038 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (D.H.); (T.S.); (A.M.); (M.B.); (Z.F.)
- Institute of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic;
- Correspondence:
| | - Lenka Borska
- Institute of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic;
| | - Ctirad Andrys
- Institute of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (C.A.); (J.K.)
| | - Kvetoslava Hamakova
- Clinic of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic;
| | - Vit Rehacek
- Transfusion Center, University Hospital, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic;
| | - Tereza Svadlakova
- Institute of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 50038 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (D.H.); (T.S.); (A.M.); (M.B.); (Z.F.)
- Institute of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (C.A.); (J.K.)
| | - Andrea Malkova
- Institute of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 50038 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (D.H.); (T.S.); (A.M.); (M.B.); (Z.F.)
| | - Martin Beranek
- Institute of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 50038 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (D.H.); (T.S.); (A.M.); (M.B.); (Z.F.)
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, University Hospital Hradec Kralove and Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic;
| | - Vladimir Palicka
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, University Hospital Hradec Kralove and Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic;
| | - Jan Krejsek
- Institute of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (C.A.); (J.K.)
| | - Zdenek Fiala
- Institute of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 50038 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (D.H.); (T.S.); (A.M.); (M.B.); (Z.F.)
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13
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Elafin inhibits obesity, hyperglycemia, and liver steatosis in high-fat diet-treated male mice. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12785. [PMID: 32733043 PMCID: PMC7393145 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69634-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Elafin is an antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory protein. We hypothesize that elafin expression correlates with diabetes. Among non-diabetic and prediabetic groups, men have significantly higher serum elafin levels than women. Men with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have significantly lower serum elafin levels than men without T2DM. Serum elafin levels are inversely correlated with fasting blood glucose and hemoglobin A1c levels in men with T2DM, but not women with T2DM. Lentiviral elafin overexpression inhibited obesity, hyperglycemia, and liver steatosis in high-fat diet (HFD)-treated male mice. Elafin-overexpressing HFD-treated male mice had increased serum leptin levels, and serum exosomal miR181b-5p and miR219-5p expression. Transplantation of splenocytes and serum exosomes from elafin-overexpressing HFD-treated donor mice reduced food consumption and fat mass, and increased adipose tissue leptin mRNA expression in HFD-treated recipient mice. Elafin improved leptin sensitivity via reduced interferon-gamma expression and induced adipose leptin expression via increased miR181b-5p and miR219-5p expression. Subcutaneous and oral administration of modified elafin inhibited obesity, hyperglycemia, and liver steatosis in the HFD-treated mice. Circulating elafin levels are associated with hyperglycemia in men with T2DM. Elafin, via immune-derived miRNAs and cytokine, activates leptin sensitivity and expression that subsequently inhibit food consumption, obesity, hyperglycemia, and liver steatosis in HFD-treated male mice.
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14
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Jin F, Honma K, Mochizuki K, Goda T. Undernutrition in Pregnant Rats Induces Glucose Intolerance with Enhanced Expression of Inflammation-Related Genes in Peripheral Leukocytes of the Offspring. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2020; 65:534-540. [PMID: 31902867 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.65.534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) induces chronic inflammation and subsequent development of complications triggered by arteriosclerosis. Moreover, undernutrition in pregnant rodents can induce IGT in their offspring. Here, we assessed whether undernutrition in pregnant rats would induce chronic inflammation in their offspring by measuring the expression levels of inflammation-related genes in peripheral blood leukocytes. Pregnant Wistar rats were divided into two groups: the control group received an American Institute of Nutrition Rodent diet (AIN-93G) ad libitum, and the undernutrition group had their diet restricted by 50% (w/w) compared with the control group from day 10 of pregnancy until birth of the offspring. Subsequently, mothers and pups were allowed to access the AIN-93G diet freely. At day 35 after birth, male pups were fasted for 4 h and subsequently orally administered with glucose solution (2 g/kg body weight). Blood glucose area under the curve (AUC) after glucose loading was significantly greater in the undernutrition group than the control group. The mRNA levels for inflammatory cytokines were increased by glucose loading especially in the undernutrition group. Expressions of genes encoding S100A9 and cell adhesion molecule CD11b were increased by glucose loading in the undernutrition group. Thus, undernutrition of pregnant rats during mid to late gestation induced the expression of inflammation-related genes in peripheral blood leukocytes of their offspring, with the development of IGT and impaired insulin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangru Jin
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology, Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | - Kazue Honma
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology, Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | - Kazuki Mochizuki
- Laboratory of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Department of Local Produce and Food Sciences, University of Yamanashi
| | - Toshinao Goda
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology, Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka
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15
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Villeret B, Solhonne B, Straube M, Lemaire F, Cazes A, Garcia-Verdugo I, Sallenave JM. Influenza A Virus Pre-Infection Exacerbates Pseudomonas aeruginosa-Mediated Lung Damage Through Increased MMP-9 Expression, Decreased Elafin Production and Tissue Resilience. Front Immunol 2020; 11:117. [PMID: 32117268 PMCID: PMC7031978 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals with impaired immune responses, such as ventilated and cystic fibrosis patients are often infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P.a) bacteria, and a co-infection with the Influenza virus (IAV) is often present. It has been known for many years that infection with IAV predisposes the host to secondary bacterial infections (such as Streptococcus pneumoniae or Staphylococcus aureus), and there is an abundance of mechanistic studies, including those studying the role of desensitization of TLR signaling, type I IFN- mediated impairment of neutrophil chemokines and antimicrobial production, attenuation of IL1β production etc., showing this. However, little is known about the mechanistic events underlying the potential deleterious synergy between Influenza and P.a co-infections. We demonstrate here in vitro in epithelial cells and in vivo in three independent models (two involving mice given IAV +/– P.a, and one involving mice given IAV +/– IL-1β) that IAV promotes secondary P.a-mediated lung disease or augmented IL-1β-mediated inflammation. We show that IAV-P.a-mediated deleterious responses includes increased matrix metalloprotease (MMP) activity, and MMP-9 in particular, and that the use of the MMP inhibitor improves lung resilience. Furthermore, we show that IAV post-transcriptionally inhibits the antimicrobial/anti-protease molecule elafin/trappin-2, which we have shown previously to be anti-inflammatory and to protect the host against maladaptive neutrophilic inflammation in P.a infections. Our work highlights the capacity of IAV to promote further P.a-mediated lung damage, not necessarily through its interference with host resistance to the bacterium, but by down-regulating tissue resilience to lung inflammation instead. Our study therefore suggests that restoring tissue resilience in clinical settings where IAV/P.a co-exists could prove a fruitful strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berengère Villeret
- Inserm, UMR1152, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Département Hospitalo-Universtaire FIRE (Fibrosis, Inflammation and Remodeling), Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Brigitte Solhonne
- Inserm, UMR1152, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Département Hospitalo-Universtaire FIRE (Fibrosis, Inflammation and Remodeling), Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Marjolène Straube
- Inserm, UMR1152, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Département Hospitalo-Universtaire FIRE (Fibrosis, Inflammation and Remodeling), Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Flora Lemaire
- Inserm, UMR1152, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Département Hospitalo-Universtaire FIRE (Fibrosis, Inflammation and Remodeling), Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Aurélie Cazes
- Inserm, UMR1152, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Département Hospitalo-Universtaire FIRE (Fibrosis, Inflammation and Remodeling), Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Hôpital Bichat, Service de Pneumologie A, Paris, France
| | - Ignacio Garcia-Verdugo
- Inserm, UMR1152, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Département Hospitalo-Universtaire FIRE (Fibrosis, Inflammation and Remodeling), Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Michel Sallenave
- Inserm, UMR1152, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Département Hospitalo-Universtaire FIRE (Fibrosis, Inflammation and Remodeling), Université de Paris, Paris, France
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16
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Özdemir S, Şengez B, Arslanoğlu A. Human immunodeficiency virus type-1 Tat protein induces secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor expression in African green monkey but not human cells. Virus Genes 2020; 56:182-193. [PMID: 31925640 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-020-01731-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
African monkeys are resistant to HIV-1 infection due to intrinsic restriction mechanisms found in their cells. However, although they can be infected by monkey-adapted modified HIV-1 particles that are designed to overcome known restriction factors, virus numbers drop to undetectable levels in immunocompetent animals. These results indicate the possibility of the presence of yet unidentified factor(s) that restrict HIV-1 in old-world monkey (OWM) cells after integration of the viral genome into the host cell chromosome. In the light of these findings, we hypothesized that OWMs might have evolved resistance mechanism(s) against HIV-1 by switching specific gene(s) on in response to the synthesis of viral proteins in infected cells. In an attempt to mimic post-infection status, we expressed HIV-1 Tat gene in African green monkey cells and compared the whole proteome with normal cells and identified secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI), a protein with known extracellular anti-HIV-1 activity, as an over-expressed protein in the presence of HIV-1 Tat protein by 2D-PAGE and mass spectrometry analysis. We also showed that overexpression of SLPI in the presence of HIV-1 Tat was specific to monkey cells. Our results also suggest that SLPI had a previously undiscovered intracellular anti-HIV activity in addition to its extracellular activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selçuk Özdemir
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, Turkey.,Department of Genetics, Division of Zootechnics and Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Burcu Şengez
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, Turkey.,Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Centre, Dokuz Eylul University Health Campus, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Alper Arslanoğlu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, Turkey.
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17
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Miyagawa T, Asano Y, Saigusa R, Hirabayashi M, Yamashita T, Taniguchi T, Takahashi T, Nakamura K, Miura S, Yoshizaki A, Miyagaki T, Sato S. A potential contribution of trappin‐2 to the development of vasculopathy in systemic sclerosis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2019; 33:753-760. [DOI: 10.1111/jdv.15387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Miyagawa
- Department of Dermatology University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
| | - Y. Asano
- Department of Dermatology University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
| | - R. Saigusa
- Department of Dermatology University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
| | - M. Hirabayashi
- Department of Dermatology University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
| | - T. Yamashita
- Department of Dermatology University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
| | - T. Taniguchi
- Department of Dermatology University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
| | - T. Takahashi
- Department of Dermatology University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
| | - K. Nakamura
- Department of Dermatology University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
| | - S. Miura
- Department of Dermatology University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
| | - A. Yoshizaki
- Department of Dermatology University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
| | - T. Miyagaki
- Department of Dermatology University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
| | - S. Sato
- Department of Dermatology University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
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18
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Wen G, An W, Chen J, Maguire EM, Chen Q, Yang F, Pearce SWA, Kyriakides M, Zhang L, Ye S, Nourshargh S, Xiao Q. Genetic and Pharmacologic Inhibition of the Neutrophil Elastase Inhibits Experimental Atherosclerosis. J Am Heart Assoc 2018; 7:JAHA.117.008187. [PMID: 29437605 PMCID: PMC5850208 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.008187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background To investigate whether neutrophil elastase (NE) plays a causal role in atherosclerosis, and the molecular mechanisms involved. Methods and Results NE genetic–deficient mice (Apolipoprotein E−/−/NE−/− mice), bone marrow transplantation, and a specific NE inhibitor (GW311616A) were employed in this study to establish the causal role of NE in atherosclerosis. Aortic expression of NE mRNA and plasma NE activity was significantly increased in high‐fat diet (HFD)–fed wild‐type (WT) (Apolipoprotein E−/−) mice but, as expected, not in NE‐deficient mice. Selective NE knockout markedly reduced HFD‐induced atherosclerosis and significantly increased indicators of atherosclerotic plaque stability. While plasma lipid profiles were not affected by NE deficiency, decreased levels of circulating proinflammatory cytokines and inflammatory monocytes (Ly6Chi/CD11b+) were observed in NE‐deficient mice fed with an HFD for 12 weeks as compared with WT. Bone marrow reconstitution of WT mice with NE−/− bone marrow cells significantly reduced HFD‐induced atherosclerosis, while bone marrow reconstitution of NE−/− mice with WT bone marrow cells restored the pathological features of atherosclerotic plaques induced by HFD in NE‐deficient mice. In line with these findings, pharmacological inhibition of NE in WT mice through oral administration of NE inhibitor GW311616A also significantly reduced atherosclerosis. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that NE promotes foam cell formation by increasing ATP‐binding cassette transporter ABCA1 protein degradation and inhibiting macrophage cholesterol efflux. Conclusions We outlined a pathogenic role for NE in foam cell formation and atherosclerosis development. Consequently, inhibition of NE may represent a potential therapeutic approach to treating cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanmei Wen
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.,Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Weiwei An
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jiangyong Chen
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Eithne M Maguire
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Qishan Chen
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Feng Yang
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Stuart W A Pearce
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Kyriakides
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shu Ye
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Sussan Nourshargh
- Centre for Microvascular Research, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Qingzhong Xiao
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom .,Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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19
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Leiva-Juárez MM, Kolls JK, Evans SE. Lung epithelial cells: therapeutically inducible effectors of antimicrobial defense. Mucosal Immunol 2018; 11:21-34. [PMID: 28812547 PMCID: PMC5738267 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2017.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lung epithelial cells are increasingly recognized to be active effectors of microbial defense, contributing to both innate and adaptive immune function in the lower respiratory tract. As immune sentinels, lung epithelial cells detect diverse pathogens through an ample repertoire of membrane-bound, endosomal, and cytosolic pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs). The highly plastic epithelial barrier responds to detected threats via modulation of paracellular flux, intercellular communications, mucin production, and periciliary fluid composition. Epithelial PRR stimulation also induces production of cytokines that recruit and sculpt leukocyte-mediated responses, and promotes epithelial generation of antimicrobial effector molecules that are directly microbicidal. The epithelium can alternately enhance tolerance to pathogens, preventing tissue damage through PRR-induced inhibitory signals, opsonization of pathogen-associated molecular patterns, and attenuation of injurious leukocyte responses. The inducibility of these protective responses has prompted attempts to therapeutically harness epithelial defense mechanisms to protect against pneumonias. Recent reports describe successful strategies for manipulation of epithelial defenses to protect against a wide range of respiratory pathogens. The lung epithelium is capable of both significant antimicrobial responses that reduce pathogen burdens and tolerance mechanisms that attenuate immunopathology. This manuscript reviews inducible lung epithelial defense mechanisms that offer opportunities for therapeutic manipulation to protect vulnerable populations against pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel M. Leiva-Juárez
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jay K. Kolls
- Richard King Mellon Foundation Institute for Pediatric Research, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Scott E. Evans
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA,The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, USA
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20
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Chen Y, Huang L, Wang S, Liu T, Wu Y, Li JL, Li M. WAP four-disulfide core domain protein 2 promotes metastasis of human ovarian cancer by regulation of metastasis-associated genes. J Ovarian Res 2017; 10:40. [PMID: 28679402 PMCID: PMC5499000 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-017-0329-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND WAP four-disulfide core domain protein 2 (WFDC2) shows a tumor-restricted upregulated pattern of expression in ovarian cancer. METHODS In this study, we evaluated the role of WFCD2 in tumor mobility, invasion and metastasis of ovarian cancer in clinical tissue and in ovarian cancer cells, both in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS Our results revealed WFCD2 was overexpressed in ovarian tissues, and the expression level of WFCD2 was associated with metastasis and lymph node metastasis. Higher expression of WFCD2 was also observed in aggressive HO8910-PM cells than in HO8910 cells, and WFCD2 knockdown halted cell migration, invasion, tumorigenicity and metastasis in ovarian cancer cells, both in vitro and in vivo. Knockdown of WFDC2 induced the down-regulation of ICAM-1, CD44, and MMP2. CONCLUSION In summary, our work demonstrates that WFCD2 promotes metastasis in ovarian cancer. These findings suggest that WFCD2 plays a critical role in promoting metastasis and may constitute a potential therapeutic target of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Chen
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.,State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.,Institute of Antibody Engineering, Southern Medical University, 1023 Shatainan Road, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Liping Huang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Center, Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Suihai Wang
- Institute of Antibody Engineering, Southern Medical University, 1023 Shatainan Road, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Tiancai Liu
- Institute of Antibody Engineering, Southern Medical University, 1023 Shatainan Road, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yingsong Wu
- Institute of Antibody Engineering, Southern Medical University, 1023 Shatainan Road, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Ji-Liang Li
- Institute of Antibody Engineering, Southern Medical University, 1023 Shatainan Road, Guangzhou, 510515, China. .,Department of Oncology, Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK.
| | - Ming Li
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China. .,Institute of Antibody Engineering, Southern Medical University, 1023 Shatainan Road, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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21
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Samejima T, Nagamatsu T, Schust DJ, Iriyama T, Sayama S, Sonoda M, Komatsu A, Kawana K, Osuga Y, Fujii T. Labor prediction based on the expression patterns of multiple genes related to cervical maturation in human term pregnancy. Am J Reprod Immunol 2017; 78. [PMID: 28557135 DOI: 10.1111/aji.12711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM This study explored the possibility of evaluating cervical maturation using swabbed cervical cell samples at term pregnancy, and aimed to develop a novel approach to predict labor onset. METHOD OF STUDY Women with uncomplicated pregnancies (n=117 from 62 women at term pregnancy) were recruited. Messenger RNA expression levels of cervical cells for ten genes were quantified by qPCR. Principal component analysis (PCA) was conducted, and principal components that significantly contributed to the prediction of days to delivery were determined. RESULTS PCA demonstrated that 76% of the expression information from the ten genes can be represented by three principal components (PC1-3). By the multiple regression analysis, PC2 and Bishop score but not PC1 or PC3 were significant variables in the prediction of days to delivery. CONCLUSION These findings support the concurrent assessment of multiple gene activities in cervical cells as a promising approach to predict the initiation of labor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiki Samejima
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nagamatsu
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Danny J Schust
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Takayuki Iriyama
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seisuke Sayama
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaki Sonoda
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Komatsu
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kei Kawana
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Osuga
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Fujii
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Roussilhon C, Bang G, Bastaert F, Solhonne B, Garcia-Verdugo I, Peronet R, Druilhe P, Sakuntabhai A, Mecheri S, Sallenave JM. The antimicrobial molecule trappin-2/elafin has anti-parasitic properties and is protective in vivo in a murine model of cerebral malaria. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42243. [PMID: 28181563 PMCID: PMC5299836 DOI: 10.1038/srep42243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the WHO, and despite reduction in mortality rates, there were an estimated 438 000 malaria deaths in 2015. Therefore new antimalarials capable of limiting organ damage are still required. We show that systemic and lung adenovirus (Ad)-mediated over-expression of trappin-2 (T-2) an antibacterial molecule with anti-inflammatory activity, increased mice survival following infection with the cerebral malaria-inducing Plasmodium berghei ANKA (PbANKA) strain. Systemically, T-2 reduced PbANKA sequestration in spleen, lung, liver and brain, associated with a decrease in pro-inflammatory cytokines (eg TNF-α in spleen and lung) and an increase in IL-10 production in the lung. Similarly, local lung instillation of Ad-T-2 resulted in a reduced organ parasite sequestration and a shift towards an anti-inflammatory/repair response, potentially implicating monocytes in the protective phenotype. Relatedly, we demonstrated in vitro that human monocytes incubated with Plasmodium falciparum-infected red blood cells (Pf-iRBCs) and IgGs from hyper-immune African human sera produced T-2 and that the latter colocalized with merozoites and inhibited Pf multiplication. This array of data argues for the first time for the potential therapeutic usefulness of this host defense peptide in human malaria patients, with the aim to limit acute lung injury and respiratory distress syndrom often observed during malaria episodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Roussilhon
- Unité de génétique fonctionnelle des maladies infectieuses and CNRS Unité de recherche associée 3012; Paris, 75015, France
| | - Gilles Bang
- Unité de génétique fonctionnelle des maladies infectieuses and CNRS Unité de recherche associée 3012; Paris, 75015, France
| | - Fabien Bastaert
- Unité de Défense Innée et Inflammation, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Dr Roux, Paris, 75015, France
- INSERM U874, Institut Pasteur
- INSERM U1152, Faculté de Médicine site Bichat, Université Paris Diderot, Université Sorbonne Paris-Cité, 16, rue Henri Huchard, Paris, 75018, France
| | - Brigitte Solhonne
- Unité de Défense Innée et Inflammation, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Dr Roux, Paris, 75015, France
- INSERM U874, Institut Pasteur
- INSERM U1152, Faculté de Médicine site Bichat, Université Paris Diderot, Université Sorbonne Paris-Cité, 16, rue Henri Huchard, Paris, 75018, France
| | - Ignacio Garcia-Verdugo
- Unité de Défense Innée et Inflammation, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Dr Roux, Paris, 75015, France
- INSERM U874, Institut Pasteur
- INSERM U1152, Faculté de Médicine site Bichat, Université Paris Diderot, Université Sorbonne Paris-Cité, 16, rue Henri Huchard, Paris, 75018, France
| | - Roger Peronet
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Biologie des Interactions Hôte Parasites, CNRS ERL9195 and INSERM U1201, Paris F-75015, France
- CNRS ERL9195 and INSERM U1201, Paris F-75015, France
- INSERM U1201, Paris F-75015, France
| | | | - Anavaj Sakuntabhai
- Unité de génétique fonctionnelle des maladies infectieuses and CNRS Unité de recherche associée 3012; Paris, 75015, France
| | - Salaheddine Mecheri
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Biologie des Interactions Hôte Parasites, CNRS ERL9195 and INSERM U1201, Paris F-75015, France
- CNRS ERL9195 and INSERM U1201, Paris F-75015, France
- INSERM U1201, Paris F-75015, France
| | - Jean-Michel Sallenave
- Unité de Défense Innée et Inflammation, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Dr Roux, Paris, 75015, France
- INSERM U874, Institut Pasteur
- INSERM U1152, Faculté de Médicine site Bichat, Université Paris Diderot, Université Sorbonne Paris-Cité, 16, rue Henri Huchard, Paris, 75018, France
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Gibbons MA, Bowdish DM, Davidson DJ, Sallenave JM, Simpson AJ. Endogenous Pulmonary Antibiotics. Scott Med J 2016; 51:37-42. [PMID: 16722137 DOI: 10.1258/rsmsmj.51.2.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The human lung produces a variety of peptides and proteins which have intrinsic antimicrobial activity. In general these molecules have broad spectra of antimicrobial activity, kill micro-organisms rapidly, and evade resistance generated by pathogens. In recent years it has become increasingly apparent that the antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) simultaneously possess immunomodulatory functions, suggesting complex roles for these molecules in regulating the clearance of, and immune response to, invading pathogens. These collective properties have stimulated considerable interest in the potential clinical application of endogenous AMPs. This article outlines the biology of AMPs, their pattern of expression in the lung, and their functions, with reference to both antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activity. We then consider the biological importance of AMPs, before concentrating on the potential to use AMPs to therapeutic effect. The principles discussed in the article apply to innate immune defence throughout the body, but particular emphasis is placed on AMPs in the lung and the potential application to pulmonary infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Gibbons
- Rayne Laboratory, MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, Edinburgh University Medical School, Teviot Place, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, Scotland, UK
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Zhong QQ, Wang X, Li YF, Peng LJ, Jiang ZS. Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor promising protective roles in obesity-associated atherosclerosis. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2016; 242:250-257. [PMID: 27698252 DOI: 10.1177/1535370216672747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI), a serine protease inhibitor, which was most commonly examined in mucosal fluids such as saliva, is a versatile molecule and plays non-redundant roles. In addition to its anti-protease activity, SLPI has been shown to express anti-bacterial, anti-viral, anti-fungal, and anti-inflammatory properties as well as participating in innate and adaptive immune responses, most of which has been well documented. Recently, it is reported that SLPI is expressed in adipocytes and adipose tissue where it could play an important feedback role in the resolution of inflammation. Furthermore, circulating SLPI has been shown to correlate with progressive metabolic dysfunction. Moreover, adenoviral gene delivery of elafin and SLPI attenuates nuclear factor-κB-dependent inflammatory responses of human endothelial cells and macrophages to atherogenic stimuli. This review contributes to unraveling the protective role of SLPI in obesity-related atherosclerosis development, and the potential role in preventing arterial plaque rupture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao-Qing Zhong
- 1 Department of Cardiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.,2 Post-doctoral Mobile Stations for Basic Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease and Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China.,3 Department of Cardiology, First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, University of South China, Chenzhou 423000, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- 3 Department of Cardiology, First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, University of South China, Chenzhou 423000, China
| | - Yun-Feng Li
- 3 Department of Cardiology, First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, University of South China, Chenzhou 423000, China
| | - Li-Jun Peng
- 2 Post-doctoral Mobile Stations for Basic Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease and Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China.,4 Department of Science and Teaching, Children's Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha 410007, China
| | - Zhi-Sheng Jiang
- 2 Post-doctoral Mobile Stations for Basic Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease and Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
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25
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Dong D, Zhong W, Sun Q, Zhang W, Sun X, Zhou Z. Oxidative products from alcohol metabolism differentially modulate pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in Kupffer cells and hepatocytes. Cytokine 2016; 85:109-19. [PMID: 27314544 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2016.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Pro-inflammatory cytokines play a vital role in the pathogenesis of alcoholic steatohepatitis. The present study was to determine the role of alcohol-induced oxidative stress in modulating cytokine production. A rat model of alcohol consumption was used to determine alcohol-induced hepatic cytokine expression. Chronic alcohol exposure caused lipid accumulation, oxidative stress, and inflammation in the livers of Wistar rats. The role of oxidative stress in regulating cell type-specific cytokine production was further dissected in vitro. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) dose-dependently upregulated TNF-α, MIP-1α, MCP-1, and CINC-1 in Kupffer cells-SV40, whereas TNF-α dose-dependently induced CINC-1, IP-10, and MIP-2 expression in H4IIEC3 hepatoma cells. An additive effect on cytokine production was observed in both Kupffer cells-SV40 and hepatocytes when combined hydrogen peroxide with LPS or TNF-α, respectively, which was associated with NF-κB activation and histone H3 hyper-acetylation. Unexpectedly, an inhibitory effect of 4-hydroxynonenal on cytokine production was revealed in LPS-treated Kupffer cells-SV40. Mechanistic study showed that 4-hydroxynonenal significantly enhanced mRNA degradation of TNF-α, MCP-1, and MIP-1α, and decreased the protein levels of MCP-1 in LPS-stimulated Kupffer cells-SV40 through reducing the phosphorylation of mRNA binding proteins. This study suggests that Kupffer cells and hepatocytes express distinct pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines in response to alcohol intoxication, and oxidative products (4-hydroxynonenal) differentially modulate pro-inflammatory cytokine/chemokine production via NF-κB signaling, histone acetylation, and mRNA stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daoyin Dong
- Center for Translational Biomedical Research, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC, USA
| | - Wei Zhong
- Center for Translational Biomedical Research, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC, USA
| | - Qian Sun
- Center for Translational Biomedical Research, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC, USA; Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Wenliang Zhang
- Center for Translational Biomedical Research, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC, USA
| | - Xinguo Sun
- Center for Translational Biomedical Research, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC, USA
| | - Zhanxiang Zhou
- Center for Translational Biomedical Research, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC, USA; Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA.
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26
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Lactic acid bacteria as mucosal delivery vehicles: a realistic therapeutic option. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:5691-701. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7557-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Alam SR, Lewis SC, Zamvar V, Pessotto R, Dweck MR, Krishan A, Goodman K, Oatey K, Harkess R, Milne L, Thomas S, Mills NM, Moore C, Semple S, Wiedow O, Stirrat C, Mirsadraee S, Newby DE, Henriksen PA. Perioperative elafin for ischaemia-reperfusion injury during coronary artery bypass graft surgery: a randomised-controlled trial. Heart 2015; 101:1639-45. [PMID: 26310261 PMCID: PMC4621368 DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2015-307745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Elafin is a potent endogenous neutrophil elastase inhibitor that protects against myocardial inflammation and injury in preclinical models of ischaemic-reperfusion injury. We investigated whether elafin could inhibit myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion injury induced during coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. Methods and results In a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled parallel group clinical trial, 87 patients undergoing CABG surgery were randomised 1:1 to intravenous elafin 200 mg or saline placebo administered after induction of anaesthesia and prior to sternotomy. Myocardial injury was measured as cardiac troponin I release over 48 h (area under the curve (AUC)) and myocardial infarction identified with MRI. Postischaemic inflammation was measured by plasma markers including AUC high-sensitive C reactive protein (hs-CRP) and myeloperoxidase (MPO). Elafin infusion was safe and resulted in >3000-fold increase in plasma elafin concentrations and >50% inhibition of elastase activity in the first 24 h. This did not reduce myocardial injury over 48 h (ratio of geometric means (elafin/placebo) of AUC troponin I 0.74 (95% CI 0.47 to 1.15, p=0.18)) although post hoc analysis of the high-sensitive assay revealed lower troponin I concentrations at 6 h in elafin-treated patients (median 2.4 vs 4.1 μg/L, p=0.035). Elafin had no effect on myocardial infarction (elafin, 7/34 vs placebo, 5/35 patients) or on markers of inflammation: mean differences for AUC hs-CRP of 499 mg/L/48 h (95% CI −207 to 1205, p=0.16), and AUC MPO of 238 ng/mL/48 h (95% CI −235 to 711, p=0.320). Conclusions There was no strong evidence that neutrophil elastase inhibition with a single-dose elafin treatment reduced myocardial injury and inflammation following CABG-induced ischaemia-reperfusion injury. Trial registration number (EudraCT 2010-019527-58, ISRCTN82061264).
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Alam
- British Heart Foundation/Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Edinburgh, UK
| | - S C Lewis
- Edinburgh Clinical Trials Unit, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - V Zamvar
- Department of Cardio-thoracic Surgery, Edinburgh Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh, UK
| | - R Pessotto
- Department of Cardio-thoracic Surgery, Edinburgh Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh, UK
| | - M R Dweck
- British Heart Foundation/Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Edinburgh, UK
| | - A Krishan
- Edinburgh Clinical Trials Unit, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - K Goodman
- Edinburgh Clinical Trials Unit, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - K Oatey
- Edinburgh Clinical Trials Unit, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - R Harkess
- Edinburgh Clinical Trials Unit, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - L Milne
- Edinburgh Clinical Trials Unit, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - S Thomas
- Edinburgh Clinical Trials Unit, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - N M Mills
- British Heart Foundation/Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Edinburgh, UK
| | - C Moore
- Department of Cardio-thoracic Surgery, Edinburgh Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh, UK
| | - S Semple
- Clinical Research Imaging Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - O Wiedow
- Department of Dermatology, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - C Stirrat
- British Heart Foundation/Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Edinburgh, UK
| | - S Mirsadraee
- Clinical Research Imaging Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - D E Newby
- British Heart Foundation/Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Edinburgh, UK Clinical Research Imaging Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - P A Henriksen
- British Heart Foundation/Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Edinburgh, UK
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28
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Jiang X, Nguyen TT, Tian W, Sung YK, Yuan K, Qian J, Rajadas J, Sallenave JM, Nickel NP, de Jesus Perez V, Rabinovitch M, Nicolls MR. Cyclosporine Does Not Prevent Microvascular Loss in Transplantation but Can Synergize With a Neutrophil Elastase Inhibitor, Elafin, to Maintain Graft Perfusion During Acute Rejection. Am J Transplant 2015; 15:1768-81. [PMID: 25727073 PMCID: PMC4474772 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.13189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Revised: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The loss of a functional microvascular bed in rejecting solid organ transplants is correlated with fibrotic remodeling and chronic rejection; in lung allografts, this pathology is predicted by bronchoalveolar fluid neutrophilia which suggests a role for polymorphonuclear cells in microcirculatory injury. In a mouse orthotopic tracheal transplant model, cyclosporine, which primarily inhibits T cells, failed as a monotherapy for preventing microvessel rejection and graft ischemia. To target neutrophil action that may be contributing to vascular injury, we examined the effect of a neutrophil elastase inhibitor, elafin, on the microvascular health of transplant tissue. We showed that elafin monotherapy prolonged microvascular perfusion and enhanced tissue oxygenation while diminishing the infiltration of neutrophils and macrophages and decreasing tissue deposition of complement C3 and the membrane attack complex, C5b-9. Elafin was also found to promote angiogenesis through activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway but was insufficient as a single agent to completely prevent tissue ischemia during acute rejection episodes. However, when combined with cyclosporine, elafin effectively preserved airway microvascular perfusion and oxygenation. The therapeutic strategy of targeting neutrophil elastase activity alongside standard immunosuppression during acute rejection episodes may be an effective approach for preventing the development of irreversible fibrotic remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinguo Jiang
- Veterans’ Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Medical Service, Palo Alto, CA,Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Tom T. Nguyen
- Veterans’ Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Medical Service, Palo Alto, CA,Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Wen Tian
- Veterans’ Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Medical Service, Palo Alto, CA,Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Yon K. Sung
- Veterans’ Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Medical Service, Palo Alto, CA,Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Ke Yuan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Jin Qian
- Veterans’ Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Medical Service, Palo Alto, CA,Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | | | - Jean-Michel Sallenave
- Unité de Défense Innée et Inflammation, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France,INSERM U884, Paris, France
| | - Nils P. Nickel
- Cardiovascular Institute and Department of Pediatrics, Stanford, CA
| | - Vinicio de Jesus Perez
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | | | - Mark R. Nicolls
- Veterans’ Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Medical Service, Palo Alto, CA,Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
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Arooj M, Sakkiah S, Cao GP, Kim S, Arulalapperumal V, Lee KW. Finding off-targets, biological pathways, and target diseases for chymase inhibitors via structure-based systems biology approach. Proteins 2015; 83:1209-24. [DOI: 10.1002/prot.24677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Revised: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahreen Arooj
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute (CHIRI); Curtin University Australia
| | - Sugunadevi Sakkiah
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Program); Systems and Synthetic Agrobiotech Center (SSAC), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Research Institute of Natural Science(RINS), Gyeongsang National University (GNU); 501 Jinju-daero Gazha-dong Jinju 660-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Guang Ping Cao
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Program); Systems and Synthetic Agrobiotech Center (SSAC), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Research Institute of Natural Science(RINS), Gyeongsang National University (GNU); 501 Jinju-daero Gazha-dong Jinju 660-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Songmi Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Program); Systems and Synthetic Agrobiotech Center (SSAC), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Research Institute of Natural Science(RINS), Gyeongsang National University (GNU); 501 Jinju-daero Gazha-dong Jinju 660-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Venkatesh Arulalapperumal
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Program); Systems and Synthetic Agrobiotech Center (SSAC), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Research Institute of Natural Science(RINS), Gyeongsang National University (GNU); 501 Jinju-daero Gazha-dong Jinju 660-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Keun Woo Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Program); Systems and Synthetic Agrobiotech Center (SSAC), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Research Institute of Natural Science(RINS), Gyeongsang National University (GNU); 501 Jinju-daero Gazha-dong Jinju 660-701 Republic of Korea
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30
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Bermúdez-Humarán LG, Motta JP, Aubry C, Kharrat P, Rous-Martin L, Sallenave JM, Deraison C, Vergnolle N, Langella P. Serine protease inhibitors protect better than IL-10 and TGF-β anti-inflammatory cytokines against mouse colitis when delivered by recombinant lactococci. Microb Cell Fact 2015; 14:26. [PMID: 25889561 PMCID: PMC4371826 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-015-0198-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Different studies have described the successful use of recombinant lactic acid bacteria (recLAB) to deliver anti-inflammatory molecules at the mucosal level to treat Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). Methods In order to identify the best strategy to treat IBD using recLAB, we compared the efficacy of different recombinant strains of Lactococcus lactis (the model LAB) secreting two types of anti-inflammatory molecules: cytokines (IL-10 and TGF-β1) and serine protease inhibitors (Elafin and Secretory Leukocyte Protease Inhibitor: SLPI), using a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced mouse model of colitis. Results Our results show that oral administration of recombinant L. lactis strains expressing either IL-10 or TGF-β1 display moderate anti-inflammatory effects in inflamed mice and only for some clinical parameters. In contrast, delivery of either serine protease inhibitors Elafin or SLPI by recLAB led to a significant reduction of intestinal inflammation for all clinical parameters tested. Since the best results were obtained with Elafin-producing L. lactis strain, we then tried to enhance Elafin expression and hence its delivery rate by producing it in a L. lactis mutant strain inactivated in its major housekeeping protease, HtrA. Strikingly, a higher reduction of intestinal inflammation in DSS-treated mice was observed with the Elafin-overproducing htrA strain suggesting a dose-dependent Elafin effect. Conclusions Altogether, these results strongly suggest that serine protease inhibitors are the most efficient anti-inflammatory molecules to be delivered by recLAB at the mucosal level for IBD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis G Bermúdez-Humarán
- INRA, Commensal and Probiotics-Host Interactions Laboratory, UMR 1319 Micalis, F-78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France. .,AgroParisTech, UMR1319 Micalis, F-78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
| | - Jean-Paul Motta
- Inserm, U1043, Toulouse, F-31300, France. .,CNRS, U5282, Toulouse, F-31300, France. .,Université de Toulouse, UPS, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), Toulouse, F-31300, France. .,Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Camille Aubry
- INRA, Commensal and Probiotics-Host Interactions Laboratory, UMR 1319 Micalis, F-78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France. .,AgroParisTech, UMR1319 Micalis, F-78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
| | - Pascale Kharrat
- INRA, Commensal and Probiotics-Host Interactions Laboratory, UMR 1319 Micalis, F-78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France. .,AgroParisTech, UMR1319 Micalis, F-78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
| | - Laurence Rous-Martin
- Inserm, U1043, Toulouse, F-31300, France. .,CNRS, U5282, Toulouse, F-31300, France. .,Université de Toulouse, UPS, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), Toulouse, F-31300, France.
| | - Jean-Michel Sallenave
- INSERM U874, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Dr Roux, 75015, Paris, France. .,INSERM U1152, Faculté de Médecine site Bichat, Université Paris Diderot, 16, rue Henri Huchard, 75018, Paris, France. .,Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot, rue du Dr Roux, 75015, Paris, France.
| | - Céline Deraison
- Inserm, U1043, Toulouse, F-31300, France. .,CNRS, U5282, Toulouse, F-31300, France. .,Université de Toulouse, UPS, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), Toulouse, F-31300, France.
| | - Nathalie Vergnolle
- Inserm, U1043, Toulouse, F-31300, France. .,CNRS, U5282, Toulouse, F-31300, France. .,Université de Toulouse, UPS, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), Toulouse, F-31300, France. .,Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot, rue du Dr Roux, 75015, Paris, France.
| | - Philippe Langella
- INRA, Commensal and Probiotics-Host Interactions Laboratory, UMR 1319 Micalis, F-78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France. .,AgroParisTech, UMR1319 Micalis, F-78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
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Yuan Q, Jiang YW, Ma TT, Fang QH, Pan L. Attenuating effect of Ginsenoside Rb1 on LPS-induced lung injury in rats. J Inflamm (Lond) 2014; 11:40. [PMID: 25530718 PMCID: PMC4272525 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-014-0040-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis causes neutrophil sequestration in the lung which leads to acute lung injury (ALI). Radix Ginseng (RG), a traditional herb used as herbal remedy in eastern Asia for thousands of years, which has been traditionally used in China to improve blood circulation and ameliorate pathological hemostasis. This study investigated whether Ginsenoside Rb1, the main components of RG, can attenuate ALI induced by LPS. METHODS In vivo, 30 male Wistar rats were divided into three groups (n = 10 each groups) on the basis of the reagent used, which were subjected to LPS injection with or without Ginsenoside Rb1 (5 mg/kg) treatments to induce ALI model. Lung injury was assessed by pulmonary histology, lung wet-weight to dry-weight (W/D) ratio, the number of myeloperoxidase (MPO) positive cells, immunohistochemical analysis of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), gene expression of ICAM-1, ultrastructure changes of pulmonary microvasculature, concentration of inflammatory markers and in plasma. In vitro, pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMVECs) were stimulated with LPS in the presence and absence of Ginsenoside Rb1 (50 mM), nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65 was measured by immunocytochemistry staining and western blotting. RESULTS Infusion of LPS induced lung injury, in vivo, as demonstrated by pulmonary edema with infiltration of neutrophils and hemorrhage, the increase in lung W/D ratio, the number of MPO positive cells, the level of inflammatory markers such as TNF-α, MCP-1 and IL-8, enhanced expression of ICAM-1 and ICAM-1 gene. Moreover, resulted in the changes of intercellular junctions in the endothelial cells of pulmonary microvasculature. In vitro, the significant increased release of NF-κB p65 and its subsequent translocation into the nucleus in PMVECs were observed. In contrast, Ginsenoside Rb1 treatment significantly ameliorated the LPS-induced lung injury, as judged by the marked improvement in all these indices. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that Ginsenoside Rb1 attenuated LPS-induced lung injury through an inhibition of the inflammatory signaling pathway, besides the direct inhibitory effect on proinflammatory molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Yuan
- />Intensive Care Unit of Geriatrics, Beijing Shijitan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medicine University, No.10 Tieyi Road, Beijing, 100038 Haidian District People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan-wen Jiang
- />Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Shijitan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medicine University, No.10 Tieyi Road, Beijing, 100038 Haidian District People’s Republic of China
| | - Ting-ting Ma
- />Department of Geriatrics, Beijing Shijitan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medicine University, No.10 Tieyi Road, Beijing, 100038 Haidian District People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiu-hong Fang
- />Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Shijitan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medicine University, No.10 Tieyi Road, Beijing, 100038 Haidian District People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Pan
- />Department of Geriatrics, Beijing Shijitan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medicine University, No.10 Tieyi Road, Beijing, 100038 Haidian District People’s Republic of China
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Fujiwara M, Miyoshi M, Sakai S, Nishiokada A, Aoyama-Ishikawa M, Maeshige N, Usami Y, Hamada Y, Takahashi M, Usami M. Lard-based high-fat diet increases secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor expression and attenuates the inflammatory response of acute lung injury in endotoxemic rats. Clin Nutr 2014; 34:997-1009. [PMID: 25466948 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2014.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Revised: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Acute lung injury (ALI) is less severe in obese than in nonobese patients, but the mechanism is unclear. Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) is the key anti-inflammatory protein in various lung diseases. We have previously reported changes of the surgical stress in obese rats using lard-based high-fat diet (HFD). The purpose of this study was to elucidate the effect of lard-based HFD on the pathophysiology of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI, and the role of SLPI expression. METHODS Male Wistar rats were fed lard-based HFD (60 kcal% fat) or control diet (CD) for either 4 or 12 weeks and were killed after intraperitoneal LPS injection. Analyses included messenger RNA expression of TNF-α, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), IL-10 and SLPI in the lung tissue and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and histology of the lungs. RESULTS Rats fed HFD for 12 weeks showed suppression of the lung injury and oxidative stress after LPS injection, as indicated by reduction of pulmonary TNF-α, MIP-2 and iNOS mRNA expression and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine immunostaining. The increased pulmonary SLPI caused by lard was associated with decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress, which eventually resulted in the prevention of ALI. Those effects of lard on LPS-induced ALI were greater after 12 weeks than after 4 weeks feeding, as indicated by the reduction of TNF-α, MIP-2 and iNOS levels. CONCLUSIONS Feeding lard-based HFD for 12 weeks attenuated LPS-induced ALI with increased pulmonary SLPI expression in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayu Fujiwara
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolism, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan
| | - Makoto Miyoshi
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolism, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan
| | - Shota Sakai
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolism, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan
| | - Aya Nishiokada
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolism, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan
| | - Michiko Aoyama-Ishikawa
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolism, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan
| | - Noriaki Maeshige
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolism, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yu Usami
- Clinical Laboratory, Osaka University Dental Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Hamada
- Departments of Therapeutic Nutrition, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Michiko Takahashi
- Department of Nutrition, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe University School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Makoto Usami
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolism, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan; Department of Nutrition, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe University School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan.
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Ressler SJ, Dang TD, Wu SM, Tse DY, Gilbert BE, Vyakarnam A, Yang F, Schauer IG, Barron DA, Rowley DR. WFDC1 is a key modulator of inflammatory and wound repair responses. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2014; 184:2951-64. [PMID: 25219356 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2014.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2014] [Revised: 07/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
WFDC1/ps20 is a whey acidic protein four-disulfide core member that exhibits diverse growth and immune-associated functions in vitro. In vivo functions are unknown, although WFDC1 is lower in reactive stroma. A Wfdc1-null mouse was generated to assess core functions. Wfdc1-null mice exhibited normal developmental and adult phenotypes. However, homeostasis challenges affected inflammatory and repair processes. Wfdc1-null mice infected with influenza A exhibited 2.75-log-fold lower viral titer relative to control mice. Wfdc1-null infected lungs exhibited elevated macrophages and deposition of osteopontin, a potent macrophage chemokine. In wounding studies, Wfdc1-null mice exhibited an elevated rate of skin closure, and this too was associated with elevated deposition of osteopontin and macrophage recruitment. Wfdc1-null fibroblasts exhibited impaired spheroid formation, elevated adhesion to fibronectin, and an increased rate of wound closure in vitro. This was reversed by neutralizing antibody to osteopontin. Osteopontin mRNA and cleaved protein was up-regulated in Wfdc1-null cells treated with lipopolysaccharide or polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid coordinate with constitutively active matrix metallopeptidase-9 (MMP-9), a protease that cleaves osteopontin. These data suggest that WFDC1/ps20 modulates core host response mechanisms, in part, via regulation of osteopontin and MMP-9 activity. Release from WFDC1 regulation is likely a key component of inflammatory and repair response mechanisms, and involves the processing of elevated osteopontin by activated MMP-9, and subsequent macrophage recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Ressler
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Truong D Dang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Samuel M Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Dennis Y Tse
- Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Brian E Gilbert
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Annapurna Vyakarnam
- Department of Infectious Diseases, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Feng Yang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Isaiah G Schauer
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - David A Barron
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - David R Rowley
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.
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Hannila SS. Secretory Leukocyte Protease Inhibitor (SLPI): Emerging Roles in CNS Trauma and Repair. Neuroscientist 2014; 21:630-6. [PMID: 25118190 DOI: 10.1177/1073858414546000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
At first glance, secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) would appear to have little relevance to the central nervous system (CNS). This serine protease inhibitor is most commonly found in mucosal fluids such as saliva and is best known for its anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties. It has been shown to promote wound healing by reducing expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and it can also inhibit bacterial growth and block HIV infection of macrophages. In the past 10 years, however, several studies have reported that SLPI is strongly up-regulated in response to CNS injury and that exogenous administration of SLPI is neuroprotective. It has also been shown that SLPI can overcome inhibition by CNS myelin and promote axonal regeneration. In this review, we will discuss these studies, examine the molecular mechanisms underlying SLPI's effects, and consider SLPI's potential for therapeutic use in cerebral ischemia, spinal cord injury, and multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sari S Hannila
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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Romas LM, Hasselrot K, Aboud LG, Birse KD, Ball TB, Broliden K, Burgener AD. A comparative proteomic analysis of the soluble immune factor environment of rectal and oral mucosa. PLoS One 2014; 9:e100820. [PMID: 24978053 PMCID: PMC4076261 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Sexual transmission of HIV occurs across a mucosal surface, which contains many soluble immune factors important for HIV immunity. Although the composition of mucosal fluids in the vaginal and oral compartments has been studied extensively, the knowledge of the expression of these factors in the rectal mucosa has been understudied and is very limited. This has particular relevance given that the highest rates of HIV acquisition occur via the rectal tract. To further our understanding of rectal mucosa, this study uses a proteomics approach to characterize immune factor components of rectal fluid, using saliva as a comparison, and evaluates its antiviral activity against HIV. Methods Paired salivary fluid (n = 10) and rectal lavage fluid (n = 10) samples were collected from healthy, HIV seronegative individuals. Samples were analyzed by label-free tandem mass spectrometry to comprehensively identify and quantify mucosal immune protein abundance differences between saliva and rectal fluids. The HIV inhibitory capacity of these fluids was further assessed using a TZM-bl reporter cell line. Results Of the 315 proteins identified in rectal lavage fluid, 72 had known immune functions, many of which have described anti-HIV activity, including cathelicidin, serpins, cystatins and antileukoproteinase. The majority of immune factors were similarly expressed between fluids, with only 21 differentially abundant (p<0.05, multiple comparison corrected). Notably, rectal mucosa had a high abundance of mucosal immunoglobulins and antiproteases relative to saliva, Rectal lavage limited HIV infection by 40–50% in vitro (p<0.05), which is lower than the potent anti-HIV effect of oral mucosal fluid (70–80% inhibition, p<0.005). Conclusions This study reveals that rectal mucosa contains many innate immune factors important for host immunity to HIV and can limit viral replication in vitro. This indicates an important role for this fluid as the first line of defense against HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M. Romas
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Klara Hasselrot
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medicine Solna, Unit of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Center for Molecular Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lindsay G. Aboud
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Kenzie D. Birse
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - T. Blake Ball
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- National Laboratory for HIV Immunology, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Kristina Broliden
- National Laboratory for HIV Immunology, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Adam D. Burgener
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- National Laboratory for HIV Immunology, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Backman S, Kollara A, Haw R, Stein L, Brown TJ. Glucocorticoid-induced reversal of interleukin-1β-stimulated inflammatory gene expression in human oviductal cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e97997. [PMID: 24848801 PMCID: PMC4029821 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies indicate that high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC), the most common epithelial ovarian carcinoma histotype, originates from the fallopian tube epithelium (FTE). Risk factors for this cancer include reproductive parameters associated with lifetime ovulatory events. Ovulation is an acute inflammatory process during which the FTE is exposed to follicular fluid containing both pro- and anti-inflammatory molecules, such as interleukin-1 (IL1), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and cortisol. Repeated exposure to inflammatory cytokines may contribute to transforming events in the FTE, with glucocorticoids exerting a protective effect. The global response of FTE cells to inflammatory cytokines or glucocorticoids has not been investigated. To examine the response of FTE cells and the ability of glucocorticoids to oppose this response, an immortalized human FTE cell line, OE-E6/E7, was treated with IL1β, dexamethasone (DEX), IL1β and DEX, or vehicle and genome-wide gene expression profiling was performed. IL1β altered the expression of 47 genes of which 17 were reversed by DEX. DEX treatment alone altered the expression of 590 genes, whereas combined DEX and IL1β treatment altered the expression of 784 genes. Network and pathway enrichment analysis indicated that many genes altered by DEX are involved in cytokine, chemokine, and cell cycle signaling, including NFκΒ target genes and interacting proteins. Quantitative real time RT-PCR studies validated the gene array data for IL8, IL23A, PI3 and TACC2 in OE-E6/E7 cells. Consistent with the array data, Western blot analysis showed increased levels of PTGS2 protein induced by IL1β that was blocked by DEX. A parallel experiment using primary cultured human FTE cells indicated similar effects on PTGS2, IL8, IL23A, PI3 and TACC2 transcripts. These findings support the hypothesis that pro-inflammatory signaling is induced in FTE cells by inflammatory mediators and raises the possibility that dysregulation of glucocorticoid signaling could contribute to increased risk for HGSOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Backman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alexandra Kollara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mt. Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robin Haw
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Informatics and Bio-Computing, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lincoln Stein
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Informatics and Bio-Computing, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Theodore J. Brown
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mt. Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Yuan Q, Jiang YW, Fang QH. Improving effect of Sivelestat on lipopolysaccharide-induced lung injury in rats. APMIS 2014; 122:810-7. [PMID: 24484066 DOI: 10.1111/apm.12222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis causes neutrophil sequestration in the lung, which leads to acute lung injury (ALI). Neutrophil elastase (NE) is thought to play an important role in the pathogenesis of ALI. This study investigated whether Sivelestat, a specific NE inhibitor, can attenuate ALI induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In vivo, 30 male Wistar rats were divided into three groups (n = 10 each groups) on the basis of the reagent used, which were subjected to LPS injection with or without Sivelestat treatments to induce ALI model. Lung injury was assessed by pulmonary histology, lung wet-weight to dry-weight (W/D) ratio, immunohistochemical analysis of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), the number of myeloperoxidase (MPO)-positive cells, and gene expression of ICAM-1. In vitro, pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMVECs) were stimulated with LPS in the presence and absence of Sivelestat; nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65 was measured by immunocytochemistry staining and Western blotting. Infusion of LPS induced lung injury, in vivo, as demonstrated by pulmonary edema with infiltration of neutrophils, the increase in lung W/D ratio, the number of MPO-positive cells and enhanced expression of ICAM-1 and ICAM-1 gene. In vitro, the significant increased release of NF-κB p65 and its subsequent translocation into the nucleus in PMVECs. In contrast, Sivelestat treatment significantly ameliorated the LPS-induced lung injury, as judged by the marked improvement in all these indices. These results indicated that inhibition of NE attenuated LPS-induced lung injury through an inhibition of the inflammatory signaling pathway, besides the direct inhibitory effect on NE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Yuan
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Shijitan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medicine University, Beijing, China
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Intracellular secretory leukoprotease inhibitor modulates inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate generation and exerts an anti-inflammatory effect on neutrophils of individuals with cystic fibrosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:560141. [PMID: 24073410 PMCID: PMC3773400 DOI: 10.1155/2013/560141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Revised: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Secretory leukoprotease inhibitor (SLPI) is an anti-inflammatory protein present in respiratory secretions. Whilst epithelial cell SLPI is extensively studied, neutrophil associated SLPI is poorly characterised. Neutrophil function including chemotaxis and degranulation of proteolytic enzymes involves changes in cytosolic calcium (Ca2+) levels which is mediated by production of inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate (IP3) in response to G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) stimuli. The aim of this study was to investigate the intracellular function of SLPI and the mechanism-based modulation of neutrophil function by this antiprotease. Neutrophils were isolated from healthy controls (n = 10), individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF) (n = 5) or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (n = 5). Recombinant human SLPI significantly inhibited fMet-Leu-Phe (fMLP) and interleukin(IL)-8 induced neutrophil chemotaxis (P < 0.05) and decreased degranulation of matrix metalloprotease-9 (MMP-9), hCAP-18, and myeloperoxidase (MPO) (P < 0.05). The mechanism of inhibition involved modulation of cytosolic IP3 production and downstream Ca2+ flux. The described attenuation of Ca2+ flux was overcome by inclusion of exogenous IP3 in electropermeabilized cells. Inhibition of IP3 generation and Ca2+ flux by SLPI may represent a novel anti-inflammatory mechanism, thus strengthening the attractiveness of SLPI as a potential therapeutic molecule in inflammatory airway disease associated with excessive neutrophil influx including CF, non-CF bronchiectasis, and COPD.
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Orlova M, Cobat A, Huong NT, Ba NN, Van Thuc N, Spencer J, Nédélec Y, Barreiro L, Thai VH, Abel L, Alcaïs A, Schurr E. Gene set signature of reversal reaction type I in leprosy patients. PLoS Genet 2013; 9:e1003624. [PMID: 23874223 PMCID: PMC3708838 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1003624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Leprosy reversal reactions type 1 (T1R) are acute immune episodes that affect a subset of leprosy patients and remain a major cause of nerve damage. Little is known about the relative importance of innate versus environmental factors in the pathogenesis of T1R. In a retrospective design, we evaluated innate differences in response to Mycobacterium leprae between healthy individuals and former leprosy patients affected or free of T1R by analyzing the transcriptome response of whole blood to M. leprae sonicate. Validation of results was conducted in a subsequent prospective study. We observed the differential expression of 581 genes upon exposure of whole blood to M. leprae sonicate in the retrospective study. We defined a 44 T1R gene set signature of differentially regulated genes. The majority of the T1R set genes were represented by three functional groups: i) pro-inflammatory regulators; ii) arachidonic acid metabolism mediators; and iii) regulators of anti-inflammation. The validity of the T1R gene set signature was replicated in the prospective arm of the study. The T1R genetic signature encompasses genes encoding pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators of innate immunity. This suggests an innate defect in the regulation of the inflammatory response to M. leprae antigens. The identified T1R gene set represents a critical first step towards a genetic profile of leprosy patients who are at increased risk of T1R and concomitant nerve damage. Leprosy type 1 reversal reactions (T1R) are an important cause of nerve damage in leprosy patients and accurate prediction of patients at increased risk of T1R is a major challenge of current leprosy control. The incidence of T1R differs widely from 6% to 67% of leprosy patients in different leprosy endemic settings. Whether or not this reflects the impact of unknown environmental triggers or differences in the genetic background across ethnicities is not known. We performed a comparative transcriptome analysis between leprosy patients affected and free of T1R in response to M. leprae antigens. As the discovery sample we enrolled cured leprosy patients who had been diagnosed with T1R at the time of leprosy diagnosis and leprosy patients who had never undergone T1R (retrospective arm). Whole genome transcriptome analysis after stimulation of blood with M. leprae antigen resulted in the definition of a T1R signature gene set. We validated the T1R gene set in RNA samples obtained from T1R-free patients at the time of leprosy diagnosis and followed for 3 years for development of T1R (prospective arm). These results confirm the role of innate factors in T1R and are a first step towards a predictive genetic T1R signature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Orlova
- McGill International TB Centre, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Aurélie Cobat
- McGill International TB Centre, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Departments of Human Genetics and Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Nguyen Ngoc Ba
- Hospital for Dermato-Venereology, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | | | - John Spencer
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Yohann Nédélec
- Department of Pediatrics, Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Luis Barreiro
- Department of Pediatrics, Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Vu Hong Thai
- Hospital for Dermato-Venereology, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Laurent Abel
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris, France
- University Paris Descartes, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Alexandre Alcaïs
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris, France
- University Paris Descartes, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, United States of America
- URC-CIC, Hopital Tarnier, Paris, France
| | - Erwin Schurr
- McGill International TB Centre, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Departments of Human Genetics and Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Antiviral activity of trappin-2 and elafin in vitro and in vivo against genital herpes. J Virol 2013; 87:7526-38. [PMID: 23637403 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02243-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Serine protease inhibitor elafin (E) and its precursor, trappin-2 (Tr), have been associated with mucosal resistance to HIV-1 infection. We recently showed that Tr/E are among principal anti-HIV-1 molecules in cervicovaginal lavage (CVL) fluid, that E is ∼130 times more potent than Tr against HIV-1, and that Tr/E inhibited HIV-1 attachment and transcytosis across human genital epithelial cells (ECs). Since herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) is a major sexually transmitted infection and risk factor for HIV-1 infection and transmission, we assessed Tr/E contribution to defense against HSV-2. Our in vitro studies demonstrated that pretreatment of endometrial (HEC-1A) and endocervical (End1/E6E7) ECs with human Tr-expressing adenovirus (Ad/Tr) or recombinant Tr/E proteins before or after HSV-2 infection resulted in significantly reduced virus titers compared to those of controls. Interestingly, E was ∼7 times more potent against HSV-2 infection than Tr. Conversely, knockdown of endogenous Tr/E by small interfering RNA (siRNA) significantly increased HSV-2 replication in genital ECs. Recombinant Tr and E reduced viral attachment to genital ECs by acting indirectly on cells. Further, lower viral replication was associated with reduced secretion of proinflammatory interleukin 8 (IL-8) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and decreased NF-κB nuclear translocation. Additionally, protected Ad/Tr-treated ECs demonstrated enhanced interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) nuclear translocation and increased antiviral IFN-β in response to HSV-2. Lastly, in vivo studies of intravaginal HSV-2 infection in Tr-transgenic mice (Etg) showed that despite similar virus replication in the genital tract, Etg mice had reduced viral load and TNF-α in the central nervous system compared to controls. Collectively, this is the first experimental evidence highlighting anti-HSV-2 activity of Tr/E in female genital mucosa.
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Hunt KK, Wingate H, Yokota T, Liu Y, Mills GB, Zhang F, Fang B, Su CH, Zhang M, Yi M, Keyomarsi K. Elafin, an inhibitor of elastase, is a prognostic indicator in breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2013; 15:R3. [PMID: 23320734 PMCID: PMC3672770 DOI: 10.1186/bcr3374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Elafin is an elastase-specific inhibitor with increased transcription in normal mammary epithelial cells compared to mammary carcinoma cells. In this report, we test the hypothesis that inhibition of elastase, through induction of elafin, leads to inhibition of human breast cancer cell viability and, therefore, predicts survival in breast cancer patients. Methods Panels of normal and immortalized breast epithelial cells, along with breast carcinoma cells, were used to examine the impact of adenoviral-mediated elafin expression or shRNA-mediated inhibition of elastase on the growth of cells and xenografts in nude mice. To determine the prognostic significance of decreased elafin in patients with invasive breast cancer, previously published gene array datasets were interrogated. Results Elafin expression had no effect on non-tumorigenic cells but resulted in marked inhibition of cell growth in breast cancer cell lines. Control-treated xenografts generated a tumor burden that necessitated sacrifice within one month of initial treatment, whereas xenograft-bearing mice treated with Ad-Elafin were alive at eight months with marked reduction in tumor growth. Elastase inhibition mimicked these results, showing decreased tumor cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Low expression of elafin gene correlated with significantly reduced time to relapse, and when combined with high expression of elastase gene was associated with decreased survival in breast cancer patients. Conclusion Our data suggest that elafin plays a direct role in the suppression of tumors through inhibition of elastase and thus serves as a prognostic indicator for breast cancer patients.
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Le Gars M, Descamps D, Roussel D, Saussereau E, Guillot L, Ruffin M, Tabary O, Hong SS, Boulanger P, Paulais M, Malleret L, Belaaouaj A, Edelman A, Huerre M, Chignard M, Sallenave JM. Neutrophil Elastase Degrades Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator via Calpains and Disables Channel FunctionIn VitroandIn Vivo. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2013; 187:170-9. [DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201205-0875oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
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Drannik AG, Nag K, Yao XD, Henrick BM, Ball TB, Plummer FA, Wachihi C, Kimani J, Rosenthal KL. Anti-HIV-1 activity of elafin depends on its nuclear localization and altered innate immune activation in female genital epithelial cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e52738. [PMID: 23300756 PMCID: PMC3531372 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2012] [Accepted: 11/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Elafin (E) and its precursor trappin-2 (Tr) are alarm antiproteases with antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activities. Tr and E (Tr/E) have been associated with HIV-1 resistance. We recently showed that Tr/E reduced IL-8 secretion and NF-κB activation in response to a mimic of viral dsRNA and contributed to anti-HIV activity of cervicovaginal lavage fluid (CVL) of HIV-resistant (HIV-R) commercial sex workers (CSWs). Additionally, Tr, and more so E, were found to inhibit attachment/entry and transcytosis of HIV-1 in human endometrial HEC-1A cells, acting through virus or cells. Given their immunomodulatory activity, we hypothesized that Tr/E could exert anti-HIV-1 activity at multiple levels. Here, using tagged and untagged Tr/E proteins, we comparatively evaluated their protease inhibitory, anti-HIV-1, and immunomodulatory activities, and cellular distribution. E appeared to function as an autocrine/paracrine factor in HEC-1A cells, and anti-HIV-1 activity of E depended on its unmodified N-terminus and altered cellular innate activation, but not its antiprotease activity. Specifically, exogenously added N-terminus-unmodified E was able to enter the nucleus and to reduce viral attachment/entry and transcytosis, preferentially affecting R5-HIV-1(ADA), but not X4-HIV-1(IIIB). Further, anti-HIV-1 activity of E was associated with significantly decreased HIV-1-triggered IL-8 release, attenuated NF-κB/p65 nuclear translocation, and significantly modulated mRNA expression of innate sensors TLR3 and RIG-I in HEC-1A cells. Most importantly, we found that elevated Tr/E in CVLs of HIV-R CSWs were associated with lower mRNA levels of TLRs 2, 3, 4 and RIG-I in the genital ECs from this cohort, suggesting a link between Tr/E, HIV-1 resistance and modulated innate viral recognition in the female genital mucosa. Collectively, our data indicate that unmodified N-terminus is critical for intranuclear localization and anti-HIV-1 activity of E. We also propose that E-mediated altered cellular innate activation most likely contributes to the HIV-R phenotype of these subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna G. Drannik
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kakon Nag
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xiao-Dan Yao
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bethany M. Henrick
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - T. Blake Ball
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba and Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Francis A. Plummer
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba and Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Charles Wachihi
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Joshua Kimani
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Kenneth L. Rosenthal
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Motta JP, Bermudez-Humaran LG, Deraison C, Martin L, Rolland C, Rousset P, Boue J, Dietrich G, Chapman K, Kharrat P, Vinel JP, Alric L, Mas E, Sallenave JM, Langella P, Vergnolle N. Food-Grade Bacteria Expressing Elafin Protect Against Inflammation and Restore Colon Homeostasis. Sci Transl Med 2012; 4:158ra144. [DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3004212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Hilgendorff A, Parai K, Ertsey R, Juliana Rey-Parra G, Thébaud B, Tamosiuniene R, Jain N, Navarro EF, Starcher BC, Nicolls MR, Rabinovitch M, Bland RD. Neonatal mice genetically modified to express the elastase inhibitor elafin are protected against the adverse effects of mechanical ventilation on lung growth. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2012; 303:L215-27. [PMID: 22683569 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00405.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical ventilation (MV) with O(2)-rich gas (MV-O(2)) offers life-saving treatment for newborn infants with respiratory failure, but it also can promote lung injury, which in neonates translates to defective alveolar formation and disordered lung elastin, a key determinant of lung growth and repair. Prior studies in preterm sheep and neonatal mice showed that MV-O(2) stimulated lung elastase activity, causing degradation and remodeling of matrix elastin. These changes yielded an inflammatory response, with TGF-β activation, scattered elastic fibers, and increased apoptosis, culminating in defective alveolar septation and arrested lung growth. To see whether sustained inhibition of elastase activity would prevent these adverse pulmonary effects of MV-O(2), we did studies comparing wild-type (WT) and mutant neonatal mice genetically modified to express in their vascular endothelium the human serine elastase inhibitor elafin (Eexp). Five-day-old WT and Eexp mice received MV with 40% O(2) (MV-O(2)) for 24-36 h. WT and Eexp controls breathed 40% O(2) without MV. MV-O(2) increased lung elastase and MMP-9 activity, resulting in elastin degradation (urine desmosine doubled), TGF-β activation (pSmad-2 increased 6-fold), apoptosis (cleaved-caspase-3 increased 10-fold), and inflammation (NF-κB activation, influx of neutrophils and monocytes) in lungs of WT vs. unventilated controls. These changes were blocked or blunted during MV-O(2) of Eexp mice. Scattered lung elastin and emphysematous alveoli observed in WT mice after 36 h of MV-O(2) were attenuated in Eexp mice. Both WT and Eexp mice showed defective VEGF signaling (decreased lung VEGF-R2 protein) and loss of pulmonary microvessels after lengthy MV-O(2), suggesting that elafin's beneficial effects during MV-O(2) derived primarily from preserving matrix elastin and suppressing lung inflammation, thereby enabling alveolar formation during MV-O(2). These results suggest that degradation and remodeling of lung elastin can contribute to defective lung growth in response to MV-O(2) and might be targeted therapeutically to prevent ventilator-induced neonatal lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Hilgendorff
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5162, USA
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Tanga A, Saidi A, Jourdan ML, Dallet-Choisy S, Zani ML, Moreau T. Protection of lung epithelial cells from protease-mediated injury by trappin-2 A62L, an engineered inhibitor of neutrophil serine proteases. Biochem Pharmacol 2012; 83:1663-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2012.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2012] [Revised: 03/12/2012] [Accepted: 03/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Drannik AG, Nag K, Yao XD, Henrick BM, Sallenave JM, Rosenthal KL. Trappin-2/elafin modulate innate immune responses of human endometrial epithelial cells to PolyI:C. PLoS One 2012; 7:e35866. [PMID: 22545145 PMCID: PMC3335805 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0035866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2011] [Accepted: 03/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Upon viral recognition, innate and adaptive antiviral immune responses are initiated by genital epithelial cells (ECs) to eradicate or contain viral infection. Such responses, however, are often accompanied by inflammation that contributes to acquisition and progression of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Hence, interventions/factors enhancing antiviral protection while reducing inflammation may prove beneficial in controlling the spread of STIs. Serine antiprotease trappin-2 (Tr) and its cleaved form, elafin (E), are alarm antimicrobials secreted by multiple cells, including genital epithelia. Methodology and Principal Findings We investigated whether and how each Tr and E (Tr/E) contribute to antiviral defenses against a synthetic mimic of viral dsRNA, polyinosine-polycytidylic acid (polyI∶C) and vesicular stomatitis virus. We show that delivery of a replication-deficient adenovector expressing Tr gene (Ad/Tr) to human endometrial epithelial cells, HEC-1A, resulted in secretion of functional Tr, whereas both Tr/E were detected in response to polyI∶C. Moreover, Tr/E were found to significantly reduce viral replication by either acting directly on virus or through enhancing polyI∶C-driven antiviral protection. The latter was associated with reduced levels of pro-inflammatory factors IL-8, IL-6, TNFα, lowered expression of RIG-I, MDA5 and attenuated NF-κB activation. Interestingly, enhanced polyI∶C-driven antiviral protection of HEC-Ad/Tr cells was partially mediated through IRF3 activation, but not associated with higher induction of IFNβ, suggesting multiple antiviral mechanisms of Tr/E and the involvement of alternative factors or pathways. Conclusions and Significance This is the first evidence of both Tr/E altering viral binding/entry, innate recognition and mounting of antiviral and inflammatory responses in genital ECs that could have significant implications for homeostasis of the female genital tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna G. Drannik
- Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kakon Nag
- Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xiao-Dan Yao
- Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bethany M. Henrick
- Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jean-Michel Sallenave
- Unité de Défense Innée et Inflammation, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Unité U874 INSERM, Paris, France
- Université Paris 7-Denis Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Kenneth L. Rosenthal
- Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Alam SR, Newby DE, Henriksen PA. Role of the endogenous elastase inhibitor, elafin, in cardiovascular injury. Biochem Pharmacol 2012; 83:695-704. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2011.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2011] [Revised: 11/03/2011] [Accepted: 11/04/2011] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Anti-HIV-1 activity of elafin is more potent than its precursor's, trappin-2, in genital epithelial cells. J Virol 2012; 86:4599-610. [PMID: 22345469 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.06561-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervicovaginal lavage fluid (CVL) is a natural source of anti-HIV-1 factors; however, molecular characterization of the anti-HIV-1 activity of CVL remains elusive. In this study, we confirmed that CVLs from HIV-1-resistant (HIV-R) compared to HIV-1-susceptible (HIV-S) commercial sex workers (CSWs) contain significantly larger amounts of serine antiprotease trappin-2 (Tr) and its processed form, elafin (E). We assessed anti-HIV-1 activity of CVLs of CSWs and recombinant E and Tr on genital epithelial cells (ECs) that possess (TZM-bl) or lack (HEC-1A) canonical HIV-1 receptors. Our results showed that immunodepletion of 30% of Tr/E from CVL accounted for up to 60% of total anti-HIV-1 activity of CVL. Knockdown of endogenous Tr/E in HEC-1A cells resulted in significantly increased shedding of infectious R5 and X4 HIV-1. Pretreatment of R5, but not X4 HIV-1, with either Tr or E led to inhibition of HIV-1 infection of TZM-bl cells. Interestingly, when either HIV-1 or cells lacking canonical HIV-1 receptors were pretreated with Tr or E, HIV-1 attachment and transcytosis were significantly reduced, and decreased attachment was not associated with altered expression of syndecan-1 or CXCR4. Determination of 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC(50)) of Tr and E anti-HIV-1 activity indicated that E is ∼130 times more potent than its precursor, Tr, despite their equipotent antiprotease activities. This study provides the first experimental evidence that (i) Tr and E are among the principal anti-HIV-1 molecules of CVL; (ii) Tr and E affect cell attachment and transcytosis of HIV-1; (iii) E is more efficient than Tr regarding anti-HIV-1 activity; and (iv) the anti-HIV-1 effect of Tr and E is contextual.
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