1
|
Hsieh HL, Yu MC, Chang YC, Wu YH, Huang KH, Tsai MM. Lonicera japonica Thunb. Ethanol Extract Exerts a Protective Effect on Normal Human Gastric Epithelial Cells by Modulating the Activity of Tumor-Necrosis-Factor-α-Induced Inflammatory Cyclooxygenase 2/Prostaglandin E2 and Matrix Metalloproteinase 9. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:7303-7323. [PMID: 39057074 PMCID: PMC11276375 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46070433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Gastric inflammation-related disorders are commonly observed digestive system illnesses characterized by the activation of proinflammatory cytokines, particularly tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). This results in the induction of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)/prostaglandin E2 (PEG2) and matrix metallopeptidase-9 (MMP-9). These factors contribute to the pathogenesis of gastric inflammation disorders. We examined the preventive effects of Lonicera japonica Thunb. ethanol extract (Lj-EtOH) on gastric inflammation induced by TNF-α in normal human gastric mucosa epithelial cells (GES-1). The GES-1 cell line was used to establish a model that simulated the overexpression of COX-2/PGE2 and MMP-9 proteins induced by TNF-α to examine the anti-inflammatory properties of Lj extracts. The results indicated that Lj-EtOH exhibits significant inhibitory effects on COX-2/PEG2 and MMP-9 activity, attenuates cell migration, and provides protection against TNF-α-induced gastric inflammation. The protective effects of Lj-EtOH are associated with the modulation of COX-2/PEG2 and MMP-9 through the activation of TNFR-ERK 1/2 signaling pathways as well as the involvement of c-Fos and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathways. Based on our findings, Lj-EtOH exhibits a preventive effect on human gastric epithelial cells. Consequently, it may represent a novel treatment for the management of gastric inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hsi-Lung Hsieh
- Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (H.-L.H.); (Y.-C.C.); (Y.-H.W.)
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, R&D Center of Biochemical Engineering Technology, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 301, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chin Yu
- Department of General Surgery, New Taipei Municipal TuCheng Hospital, New Taipei 236, Taiwan;
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Department of General Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chia Chang
- Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (H.-L.H.); (Y.-C.C.); (Y.-H.W.)
| | - Yi-Hsuan Wu
- Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (H.-L.H.); (Y.-C.C.); (Y.-H.W.)
| | - Kuo-Hsiung Huang
- Department of Nursing, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Chang-Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Section of Clinical Serology and Immunology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ming Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (H.-L.H.); (Y.-C.C.); (Y.-H.W.)
- Department of General Surgery, New Taipei Municipal TuCheng Hospital, New Taipei 236, Taiwan;
- Department of General Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Chang-Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kawai T, Ikegawa M, Ori D, Akira S. Decoding Toll-like receptors: Recent insights and perspectives in innate immunity. Immunity 2024; 57:649-673. [PMID: 38599164 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2024.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are an evolutionarily conserved family in the innate immune system and are the first line of host defense against microbial pathogens by recognizing pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). TLRs, categorized into cell surface and endosomal subfamilies, recognize diverse PAMPs, and structural elucidation of TLRs and PAMP complexes has revealed their intricate mechanisms. TLRs activate common and specific signaling pathways to shape immune responses. Recent studies have shown the importance of post-transcriptional regulation in TLR-mediated inflammatory responses. Despite their protective functions, aberrant responses of TLRs contribute to inflammatory and autoimmune disorders. Understanding the delicate balance between TLR activation and regulatory mechanisms is crucial for deciphering their dual role in immune defense and disease pathogenesis. This review provides an overview of recent insights into the history of TLR discovery, elucidation of TLR ligands and signaling pathways, and their relevance to various diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taro Kawai
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunobiology, Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Nara 630-0192, Japan; Life Science Collaboration Center (LiSCo), Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Nara 630-0192, Japan.
| | - Moe Ikegawa
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunobiology, Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ori
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunobiology, Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Shizuo Akira
- Center for Advanced Modalities and DSS (CAMaD), Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Laboratory of Host Defense, Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Department of Host Defense, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases (RIMD), Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hannouneh ZA, Hijazi A, Alsaleem AA, Hami S, Kheyrbek N, Tanous F, Khaddour K, Abbas A, Alshehabi Z. Novel immunotherapeutic options for BCG-unresponsive high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Cancer Med 2023; 12:21944-21968. [PMID: 38037752 PMCID: PMC10757155 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (HR-NMIBC) presents a challenge to many physicians due to its ability to resist Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) intravesical therapy and the substantial rate of progression into muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). Patients who are BCG-unresponsive have worse prognosis and thus require further management including radical cystectomy (RC), which significantly impacts quality of life. Moreover, the ongoing worldwide shortage of BCG warrants the need for policies that prioritize drug use and utilize alternative treatment strategies. Hence, there is a significant unmet need for bladder preserving therapy in this subset of patients. METHODS To address this issue, we searched the relevant literature in PUBMED for articles published from 2019 through May of 2023 using appropriate keywords. All clinical trials of patients with HR-NMIBC treated with immune-related agents were retrieved from clinicaltrials.gov. FINDINGS AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES Exploratory treatments for BCG-Unresponsive HR-NMIBC included immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), oncolytic viral therapy, cytokine agonists, and other immunomodulators targeting TLR, EpCaM, FGFR, MetAP2, and IDO1. Some combination therapies have been found to work synergistically and are preferred therapeutically over monotherapy. Three drugs-pembrolizumab, valrubicin, and most recently, nadofaragene firadenovec-vncg-have been FDA approved for the treatment of BCG-unresponsive NMIBC in patients who are ineligible for or decline RC. However, all explored treatment options tend to postpone RC rather than provide long-term disease control. Additional combination strategies need to be studied to enhance the effects of immunotherapy. Despite the challenges faced in finding effective therapies, many potential treatments are currently under investigation. Addressing the landscape of biomarkers, mechanisms of progression, BCG resistance, and trial design challenges in HR-NMIBC is essential for the discovery of new targets and the development of effective treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zein Alabdin Hannouneh
- Faculty of MedicineAl Andalus University for Medical SciencesTartusSyrian Arab Republic
- Cancer Research CenterTishreen UniversityLattakiaSyrian Arab Republic
| | - Amjad Hijazi
- Faculty of MedicineAl Andalus University for Medical SciencesTartusSyrian Arab Republic
- Cancer Research CenterTishreen UniversityLattakiaSyrian Arab Republic
| | - Alaa Aldeen Alsaleem
- Faculty of MedicineAl Andalus University for Medical SciencesTartusSyrian Arab Republic
- Cancer Research CenterTishreen UniversityLattakiaSyrian Arab Republic
| | - Siwan Hami
- Faculty of MedicineAl Andalus University for Medical SciencesTartusSyrian Arab Republic
- Cancer Research CenterTishreen UniversityLattakiaSyrian Arab Republic
| | - Nina Kheyrbek
- Cancer Research CenterTishreen UniversityLattakiaSyrian Arab Republic
- Faculty of MedicineTishreen UniversityLattakiaSyrian Arab Republic
| | - Fadi Tanous
- Cancer Research CenterTishreen UniversityLattakiaSyrian Arab Republic
- Faculty of MedicineAl‐Baath UniversityHomsSyrian Arab Republic
| | - Karam Khaddour
- Department of Medical OncologyDana‐Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Abdulfattah Abbas
- Professor of Nephrology, Faculty of MedicineAl Andalus University for Medical SciencesTartusSyrian Arab Republic
| | - Zuheir Alshehabi
- Cancer Research CenterTishreen UniversityLattakiaSyrian Arab Republic
- Department of PathologyTishreen University HospitalLattakiaSyrian Arab Republic
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chai CY, Lei T, Chu XY, Hui FL. Multi-gene phylogeny and taxonomy of the genus Bannoa with the addition of three new species from central China. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1143156. [PMID: 36998405 PMCID: PMC10043259 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1143156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The genus Bannoa is a small group of ballistoconidium-forming yeasts in the family Erythrobasidiaceae (Cystobasidiomycetes). Prior to this study, seven species belonging to this genus have been described and published. In this study, phylogenetic analyzes of Bannoa based on the combined sequences of the small ribosomal subunit (SSU) rRNA gene, the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions, the D1/D2 domains of the large subunit rRNA gene (LSU) and the translation elongation factor 1-α gene (TEF1-α) were conducted. Three new species, namely B. ellipsoidea, B. foliicola, and B. pseudofoliicola, were delimited and proposed based on morphological and molecular evidence. B. ellipsoidea was found to be closely related to the type strains of B. guamensis, B. hahajimensis, and B. tropicalis, but with 0.7–0.9% divergence (4–5 substitutions) in the LSU D1/D2 domains and 3.7–4.1% divergence (19–23 substitutions and one−two gaps) in the ITS regions. B. foliicola was found to belong to the same clade as B. pseudofoliicola from which it differed by 0.4% divergence (two substitutions) in the LSU D1/D2 domains and 2.3% divergence (13 substitutions) in the ITS regions. The distinguishing morphological characteristics of the three new species, with respect to closely related taxa, are discussed. The identification of these new taxa significantly increases the number of Bannoa that have been described on the surface of plant leaves. Additionally, a key for the identification of Bannoa species is provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yue Chai
- School of Life Science and Agricultural Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, China
- Research Center of Henan Provincial Agricultural Biomass Resource Engineering and Technology, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, China
| | - Ting Lei
- School of Life Science and Agricultural Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, China
| | - Xue-Ying Chu
- School of Water Resources and Environment Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, China
| | - Feng-Li Hui
- School of Life Science and Agricultural Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, China
- Research Center of Henan Provincial Agricultural Biomass Resource Engineering and Technology, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, China
- *Correspondence: Feng-Li Hui,
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Fehri E, Ennaifer E, Bel Haj Rhouma R, Ardhaoui M, Boubaker S. TLR9 and Glioma: Friends or Foes? Cells 2022; 12:cells12010152. [PMID: 36611945 PMCID: PMC9818384 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) is an intracellular innate immunity receptor that plays a vital role in chronic inflammation and in recognizing pathogenic and self-DNA in immune complexes. This activation of intracellular signaling leads to the transcription of either immune-related or malignancy genes through specific transcription factors. Thus, it has been hypothesized that TLR9 may cause glioma. This article reviews the roles of TLR9 in the pathogenesis of glioma and its related signaling molecules in either defending or promoting glioma. TLR9 mediates the invasion-induced hypoxia of brain cancer cells by the activation of matrix metalloproteinases (2, 9, and 13) in brain tissues. In contrast, the combination of the TLR9 agonist CpG ODN to radiotherapy boosts the role of T cells in antitumor effects. The TLR9 agonist CpG ODN 107 also enhances the radiosensitivity of human glioma U87 cells by blocking tumor angiogenesis. CpG enhances apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, it can enhance the antigen-presenting capacity of microglia, switch immune response toward CD8 T cells, and reduce the number of CD4CD25 Treg cells. CpG ODN shows promise as a potent immunotherapeutic drug against cancer, but specific cautions should be taken when activating TLR9, especially in the case of glioblastoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emna Fehri
- HPV Unit Research, Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology and Experimental Pathology Applied to Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, Tunis 1002, Tunisia
- Department of Human and Experimental Pathology, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, Tunis 1002, Tunisia
- Correspondence:
| | - Emna Ennaifer
- HPV Unit Research, Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology and Experimental Pathology Applied to Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, Tunis 1002, Tunisia
- Department of Human and Experimental Pathology, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, Tunis 1002, Tunisia
| | - Rahima Bel Haj Rhouma
- HPV Unit Research, Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology and Experimental Pathology Applied to Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, Tunis 1002, Tunisia
| | - Monia Ardhaoui
- HPV Unit Research, Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology and Experimental Pathology Applied to Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, Tunis 1002, Tunisia
- Department of Human and Experimental Pathology, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, Tunis 1002, Tunisia
| | - Samir Boubaker
- Department of Human and Experimental Pathology, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, Tunis 1002, Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Moran TE, Hammers DE, Lee SW. The Role of Host-Cellular Responses in COVID-19 Endothelial Dysfunction. Curr Drug Targets 2022; 23:1555-1566. [PMID: 35748550 DOI: 10.2174/1389450123666220624094940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV2, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, is a novel member of the human coronavirus family that has recently emerged worldwide to cause COVID-19 disease. COVID-19 disease has been declared a worldwide pandemic with over 270 million total cases, and >5 million deaths as of this writing. Although co-morbidities and preexisting conditions have played a significant role in the severity of COVID-19, the hallmark feature of severe disease associated with SARS-CoV2 is respiratory failure. Recent findings have demonstrated a key role for endothelial dysfunction caused by SARS-CoV2 in these clinical outcomes, characterized by endothelial inflammation, the persistence of a pro-coagulative state, and major recruitment of leukocytes and other immune cells to localized areas of endothelial dysfunction. Though it is generally recognized that endothelial impairment is a major contributor to COVID-19 disease, studies to examine the initial cellular events involved in triggering endothelial dysfunction are needed. In this article, we review the general strategy of pathogens to exploit endothelial cells and the endothelium to cause disease. We discuss the role of the endothelium in COVID-19 disease and highlight very recent findings that identify key signaling and cellular events that are associated with the initiation of SARS-CoV2 infection. These studies may reveal specific molecular pathways that can serve as potential means of therapeutic development against COVID-19 disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas E Moran
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Daniel E Hammers
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA.,Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Shaun W Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA.,Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA.,W.M. Keck Center for Transgene Research, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA.,Boler-Parseghian Center for Rare and Neglected Diseases, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Helicobacter pylori Infection Elicits Type I Interferon Response in Human Monocytes via Toll-Like Receptor 8 Signaling. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:3861518. [PMID: 36317079 PMCID: PMC9617731 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3861518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori colonization and persistence could precede gastric adenocarcinoma. Elucidating immune recognition strategies of H. pylori is therefore imperative to curb chronic persistence in the human host. Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) and TLR8 are widely known as viral single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) sensors yet less studied in the bacteria context. Here, we investigated the involvement of these receptors in the immunity to H. pylori. Human THP-1 monocytic cells were infected with H. pylori, and the expression levels of human Toll-like receptors (TLRs) were examined. The roles of TLR7 and TLR8 in response to H. pylori infection were further investigated using receptor antagonists. Among all TLR transcripts examined, TLR8 exhibited the most prominent upregulation, followed by TLR7 in the THP-1 cells infected with H. pylori J99 or SS1 strains. H. pylori infection-mediated IFN-α and IFN-β transactivation was significantly abrogated by the TLR7/8 (but not TLR7) antagonist. Additionally, TLR7/8 antagonist treatment reduced H. pylori infection-mediated phosphorylation of interferon regulatory factor 7 (IRF7). Our study suggests a novel role of TLR8 signaling in host immunity against H. pylori through sensing live bacteria to elicit the production of type I interferon.
Collapse
|
8
|
González MF, Burgos-Ravanal R, Shao B, Heinecke J, Valenzuela-Valderrama M, Corvalán AH, Quest AFG. Extracellular vesicles from gastric epithelial GES-1 cells infected with Helicobacter pylori promote changes in recipient cells associated with malignancy. Front Oncol 2022; 12:962920. [PMID: 36313672 PMCID: PMC9596800 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.962920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is considered the main risk factor for the development of gastric cancer. Pathophysiological changes in the gastric mucosa initiated by this bacterium can persist even after pharmacological eradication and are likely attributable also to changes induced in non-infected cells as a consequence of intercellular communication via extracellular vesicles (EVs). To better understand what such changes might entail, we isolated EVs from immortalized normal gastric GES-1 cells infected (EVHp+) or not with H. pylori (EVHp-) by ultracentrifugation and characterized them. Infection of GES-1 cells with H. pylori significantly increased the release of EVs and slightly decreased the EV mean size. Incubation with EVHp+ for 24 h decreased the viability of GES-1 cells, but increased the levels of IL-23 in GES-1 cells, as well as the migration of GES-1 and gastric cancer AGS cells. Furthermore, incubation of GES-1 and AGS cells with EVHp+, but not with EVHp-, promoted cell invasion and trans-endothelial migration in vitro. Moreover, stimulation of endothelial EA.hy926 cells for 16 h with EVHp+ promoted the formation of linked networks. Finally, analysis by mass spectrometry identified proteins uniquely present and others enriched in EVHp+ compared to EVHp-, several of which are known targets of hypoxia induced factor-1α (HIF-1α) that may promote the acquisition of traits important for the genesis/progression of gastric pre-neoplastic changes associated with H. pylori infection. In conclusion, the harmful effects of H. pylori infection associated with the development of gastric malignancies may spread via EVs to non-infected areas in the early and later stages of gastric carcinogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Fernanda González
- Laboratorio de Comunicaciones Celulares, Centro de Estudios en Ejercicio, Metabolismo y Cáncer (CEMC), Programa de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Centro Avanzado para Estudios en Enfermedades Crónicas (ACCDIS), Santiago, Chile
| | - Renato Burgos-Ravanal
- Laboratorio de Comunicaciones Celulares, Centro de Estudios en Ejercicio, Metabolismo y Cáncer (CEMC), Programa de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Centro Avanzado para Estudios en Enfermedades Crónicas (ACCDIS), Santiago, Chile
| | - Baohai Shao
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Jay Heinecke
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Manuel Valenzuela-Valderrama
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Centro Avanzado para Estudios en Enfermedades Crónicas (ACCDIS), Santiago, Chile
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Celular, Instituto de Investigación y Postgrado, Universidad Central de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandro H. Corvalán
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Centro Avanzado para Estudios en Enfermedades Crónicas (ACCDIS), Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Hematología-Oncología, Facultad de Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrew F. G. Quest
- Laboratorio de Comunicaciones Celulares, Centro de Estudios en Ejercicio, Metabolismo y Cáncer (CEMC), Programa de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Centro Avanzado para Estudios en Enfermedades Crónicas (ACCDIS), Santiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yang J, Hu Y, Zhang B, Liang X, Li X. The JMJD Family Histone Demethylases in Crosstalk Between Inflammation and Cancer. Front Immunol 2022; 13:881396. [PMID: 35558079 PMCID: PMC9090529 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.881396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation has emerged as a key player in regulating cancer initiation, progression, and therapeutics, acting as a double edged sword either facilitating cancer progression and therapeutic resistance or inducing anti-tumor immune responses. Accumulating evidence has linked the epigenetic modifications of histones to inflammation and cancer, and histone modifications-based strategies have shown promising therapeutic potentials against cancer. The jumonji C domain-containing (JMJD) family histone demethylases have exhibited multiple regulator functions in inflammatory processes and cancer development, and a number of therapeutic strategies targeting JMJD histone demethylases to modulate inflammatory cells and their products have been successfully evaluated in clinical or preclinical tumor models. This review summarizes current understanding of the functional roles and mechanisms of JMJD histone demethylases in crosstalk between inflammation and cancer, and highlights recent clinical and preclinical progress on harnessing the JMJD histone demethylases to regulate cancer-related inflammation for future cancer therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Yang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics and Pediatric Nephrology Nursing, Development and Related Disease of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuan Hu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics and Pediatric Nephrology Nursing, Development and Related Disease of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Binjing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao Liang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics and Pediatric Nephrology Nursing, Development and Related Disease of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sultan AM, Shenouda R, Sultan AM, Shehta A, Nabiel Y. The Relation Between Host TLR9 -1486T/C, rs187084 Gene Polymorphisms and Helicobacter pylori cagA, sodB, hsp60, and vacA Virulence Genes among Gastric Cancer Patients. Pol J Microbiol 2022; 71:35-42. [PMID: 35635169 PMCID: PMC9152911 DOI: 10.33073/pjm-2022-003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
To identify the associations between different genotypes of TLR9 -1486T/C (rs187084) with gastric cancer patients and reveal their relation to Helicobacter pylori virulence genes (cagA, sodB, hsp60 and vacA). Patients with gastric cancer were recruited to our study, diagnosed both endoscopically and histopathologically. H. pylori were isolated from gastric samples by culture and PCR amplification of the glmM gene. Virulence genes cagA, sodB, hsp60, and vacA were detected by multiplex PCR. Blood samples were used for genotyping of TLR9 -1486T/C (rs187084) by PCR-RFLP. Out of 132 patients with gastric cancer, 106 (80.3%) were positive for H. pylori. A similar number of healthy participants was recruited as controls. The prevalence of cagA, sodB, hsp60, and vacA genes among H. pylori was 90.6%, 70.8%, 83.0%, and 95.3%, respectively. The vacA gene alleles had a prevalence of 95.3% for vacAs1/s2, 52.8% for vacAm1, and 42.5% for vacAm2. The CC genotype of TLR9 -1486T/C had a significantly higher frequency in gastric cancer patients when compared to healthy participants (p = 0.045). Furthermore, the CC genotype demonstrated a significant association with H. pylori strains carrying sodB, hsp60, and vacAm1 virulence genes (p = 0.021, p = 0.049, and p = 0.048 respectively). Patients with CC genotype of TLR9 -1486T/C (rs187084) might be at higher risk for the development of gastric cancer, and its co-existence with H. pylori strains carrying sodB, hsp60, or vacAm1 virulence genes might have a synergistic effect in the development of gastric cancer. Further studies on a wider scale are recommended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amira M. Sultan
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine , Mansoura University , Mansoura , Egypt
| | - Ragy Shenouda
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine , Mansoura University , Mansoura , Egypt
| | - Ahmad M. Sultan
- Gastroenterology Surgical Center, Faculty of Medicine , Mansoura University , Mansoura , Egypt
| | - Ahmed Shehta
- Gastroenterology Surgical Center, Faculty of Medicine , Mansoura University , Mansoura , Egypt
| | - Yasmin Nabiel
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine , Mansoura University , Mansoura , Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abdi E, Latifi-Navid S, Abedi Sarvestani F, Esmailnejad MH. Emerging therapeutic targets for gastric cancer from a host- Helicobacter pylori interaction perspective. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2021; 25:685-699. [PMID: 34410200 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2021.1971195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gastric cancer (GC) has the higher genetic, cytologic, and architectural heterogeneity compared to other gastrointestinal cancers. By inducing gastric inflammation, Helicobacter pylori (HP) may lead to GC through combining bacterial factors with host factors. In this regard, identification of the major therapeutic targets against the host-HP interactions plays a critical role in GC prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. AREAS COVERED This study offers new insights into the promising therapeutic targets against the angiogenesis, invasion, or metastasis of GC from a host-HP interaction perspective. To this end, MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS, AIM, and IndMed databases were searched for relevant articles since 1992. EXPERT OPINION Wnt signaling and COX pathway have a well-documented history in the genesis of GC by HP and might be considered as the most promising targets for early GC treatment. Destroying HP may decrease the risk of GC, but it cannot fully hinder the GC development induced by HP infection. Therefore, targeting HP-activated pathways, especially COX-2/Wnt/beta-catenin/VEGF, TLR2/TLR9/COX-2, COX2-PGE2, and NF-κB/COX-2, as well as EPHA2, MMPs, and miR-543/SIRT1 axis, can be an effective measure in the early treatment of GC. However, different clinical trials and large, multi-center cohorts are required to validate these potentially effective targets for GC therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esmat Abdi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Saeid Latifi-Navid
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ji XK, Madhurapantula SV, He G, Wang KY, Song CH, Zhang JY, Wang KJ. Genetic variant of cyclooxygenase-2 in gastric cancer: More inflammation and susceptibility. World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27:4653-4666. [PMID: 34366627 PMCID: PMC8326261 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i28.4653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer accounts for the majority cancer-related deaths worldwide. Although various methods have considerably improved the screening, diagnosis, and treatment of gastric cancer, its incidence is still high in Asia, and the 5-year survival rate of advanced gastric cancer patients is only 10%-20%. Therefore, more effective drugs and better screening strategies are needed for reducing the incidence and mortality of gastric cancer. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is considered to be the key inducible enzyme in prostaglandins (PGs) synthesis, which is involved in multiple pathways in the inflammatory response. For example, inflammatory cytokines stimulate innate immune responses via Toll-like receptors and nuclear factor-kappa B to induce COX-2/PGE2 pathway. In these processes, the production of an inflammatory microenvironment promotes the occurrence of gastric cancer. Epidemiological studies have also indicated that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs can reduce the risk of malignant tumors of the digestive system by blocking the effect of COX-2. However, clinical use of COX-2 inhibitors to prevent or treat gastric cancer may be limited because of potential side effects, especially in the cardiovascular system. Given these side effects and low treatment efficacy, new therapeutic approaches and early screening strategies are urgently needed. Some studies have shown that genetic variation in COX-2 also play an important role in carcinogenesis. However, the genetic variation analysis in these studies is incomplete and isolated, pointing out only a few single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and the risk of gastric cancer, and no comprehensive study covering the whole gene region has been carried out. In addition, copy number variation (CNV) is not mentioned. In this review, we summarize the SNPs in the whole COX-2 gene sequence, including exons, introns, and both the 5' and 3' untranslated regions. Results suggest that COX-2 does not increase its expression through the CNV and the SNPs in COX-2 may serve as the potential marker to establish risk stratification in the general population. This review synthesizes emerging insights of COX-2 as a biomarker in multiple studies, summarizes the association between whole COX-2 sequence variation and susceptibility to gastric cancer, and discusses the future prospect of therapeutic intervention, which will be helpful for early screening and further research to find new approaches to gastric cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuan-Ke Ji
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology of Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China
| | - Sailaja Vatsalya Madhurapantula
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology of Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China
| | - Gui He
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology of Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China
| | - Kun-Yan Wang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology of Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China
| | - Chun-Hua Song
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology of Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China
| | - Jian-Ying Zhang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology of Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China
| | - Kai-Juan Wang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology of Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Quirino MG, Macedo LC, Pagnano KBB, Pagliarini-E-Silva S, Sell AM, Visentainer JEL. Toll-like receptor gene polymorphisms in patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:4995-5001. [PMID: 34191235 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06238-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a family of transmembrane receptors whose signaling control cellular processes of cell proliferation, survival, apoptosis, angiogenesis, remodeling, and repair of tissues. Polymorphisms in TLR genes can change the balance between pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines, modulating the risk of infection, chronic inflammation, and cancer. Although many studies have demonstrated the direct involvement of TLR signaling in the benefit of tumor cells in certain cancers, little is known about the influence of these gene polymorphisms on myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). In this context, the objective of the study was to investigate a possible association between the TLR polymorphisms and the development of MPNs. 167 patients diagnosed with MPN and 222 healthy controls from the same region were evaluated. Genomic DNA was extracted and the TLR2 (rs5743708), TLR4 (rs4986790, rs4986791), TLR9 (rs5743836, rs187084) and JAK2V617F polymorphisms were genotyped by PCR-RFLP. The statistical analysis was performed by OpenEpi and SNPstat software. The JAK2V617F mutation was found in 68.32% of patients. TLR9-1486C/T CT genotype was less frequent in patients with polycythemia vera (PV) (OR 0.39, 95% CI 0.20-0.78, P = 0.025). When haplotype frequencies were analyzed, -1237T/-1486C (TLR9) was also less frequent in men (OR 0.58, 95% CI 0.36-0.94) and JAK negative men patients (OR 0.43, 95% CI 0.21-0.88). We can infer that the TLR9-1486 CT genotype could be associated with protection for PV and the TLR9-1237T/-1486C haplotype, protection for men, as well as for JAK negative men patients with MPN. There were no associations between TLR2 and TLR4 gene polymorphisms and MPN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marília Gonçalves Quirino
- Graduate Program in Biosciences and Physiopathology of the State University of Maringá, Av. Colombo 5790, bloco T20, sala 109, Maringá, PR, CEP: 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Luciana Conci Macedo
- Graduate Program in Biosciences and Physiopathology of the State University of Maringá, Av. Colombo 5790, bloco T20, sala 109, Maringá, PR, CEP: 87020-900, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ana Maria Sell
- Graduate Program in Biosciences and Physiopathology of the State University of Maringá, Av. Colombo 5790, bloco T20, sala 109, Maringá, PR, CEP: 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Jeane Eliete Laguila Visentainer
- Graduate Program in Biosciences and Physiopathology of the State University of Maringá, Av. Colombo 5790, bloco T20, sala 109, Maringá, PR, CEP: 87020-900, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Interactions between tumor-derived proteins and Toll-like receptors. Exp Mol Med 2020; 52:1926-1935. [PMID: 33299138 PMCID: PMC8080774 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-020-00540-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are danger signals (or alarmins) alerting immune cells through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) to begin defense activity. Moreover, DAMPs are host biomolecules that can initiate a noninflammatory response to infection, and pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMPs) perpetuate the inflammatory response to infection. Many DAMPs are proteins that have defined intracellular functions and are released from dying cells after tissue injury or chemo-/radiotherapy. In the tumor microenvironment, DAMPs can be ligands for Toll-like receptors (TLRs) expressed on immune cells and induce cytokine production and T-cell activation. Moreover, DAMPs released from tumor cells can directly activate tumor-expressed TLRs that induce chemoresistance, migration, invasion, and metastasis. Furthermore, DAMP-induced chronic inflammation in the tumor microenvironment causes an increase in immunosuppressive populations, such as M2 macrophages, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), and regulatory T cells (Tregs). Therefore, regulation of DAMP proteins can reduce excessive inflammation to create an immunogenic tumor microenvironment. Here, we review tumor-derived DAMP proteins as ligands of TLRs and discuss their association with immune cells, tumors, and the composition of the tumor microenvironment. Tumor cells killed by radiotherapy or chemotherapy release signaling molecules that stimulate both immune response and tumor aggressiveness; regulating these molecules could improve treatment efficacy. Tae Heung Kang, Yeong-Min Park, and co-workers at Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea, have reviewed the role of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) in immunity and cancer. These signaling molecules act as danger signals, activating immune cells by binding to specific receptors. However, tumor cells have the same receptors, and DAMPs binding triggers chemoresistance and increases invasiveness. The researchers report that although DAMPs can trigger a helpful immune response, they can also cause chronic inflammation, which in turn promotes an immune suppression response, allowing tumors to escape immune detection. Improving our understanding of the functions of different DAMPs could improve our ability to boost the immune response and decrease tumor aggressiveness.
Collapse
|
15
|
Strapcova S, Takacova M, Csaderova L, Martinelli P, Lukacikova L, Gal V, Kopacek J, Svastova E. Clinical and Pre-Clinical Evidence of Carbonic Anhydrase IX in Pancreatic Cancer and Its High Expression in Pre-Cancerous Lesions. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2005. [PMID: 32707920 PMCID: PMC7464147 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is a common phenomenon that occurs in most solid tumors. Regardless of tumor origin, the evolution of a hypoxia-adapted phenotype is critical for invasive cancer development. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is also characterized by hypoxia, desmoplasia, and the presence of necrosis, predicting poor outcome. Carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) is one of the most strict hypoxia regulated genes which plays a key role in the adaptation of cancer cells to hypoxia and acidosis. Here, we summarize clinical data showing that CAIX expression is associated with tumor necrosis, vascularization, expression of Frizzled-1, mucins, or proteins involved in glycolysis, and inevitably, poor prognosis of pancreatic cancer patients. We also describe the transcriptional regulation of CAIX in relation to signaling pathways activated in pancreatic cancers. A large part deals with the preclinical evidence supporting the relevance of CAIX in processes leading to the aggressive behavior of pancreatic tumors. Furthermore, we focus on CAIX occurrence in pre-cancerous lesions, and for the first time, we describe CAIX expression within intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasia. Our review concludes with a detailed account of clinical trials implicating that treatment consisting of conventionally used therapies combined with CAIX targeting could result in an improved anti-cancer response in pancreatic cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Strapcova
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute of Virology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 84505 Bratislava, Slovakia; (S.S.); (M.T.); (L.C.); (L.L.); (J.K.)
| | - Martina Takacova
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute of Virology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 84505 Bratislava, Slovakia; (S.S.); (M.T.); (L.C.); (L.L.); (J.K.)
| | - Lucia Csaderova
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute of Virology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 84505 Bratislava, Slovakia; (S.S.); (M.T.); (L.C.); (L.L.); (J.K.)
| | - Paola Martinelli
- Institute of Cancer Research, Clinic of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
- Cancer Cell Signaling, Boehringer-Ingelheim RCV Vienna, A-1121 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lubomira Lukacikova
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute of Virology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 84505 Bratislava, Slovakia; (S.S.); (M.T.); (L.C.); (L.L.); (J.K.)
| | - Viliam Gal
- Alpha Medical Pathology, Ruzinovska 6, 82606 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Juraj Kopacek
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute of Virology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 84505 Bratislava, Slovakia; (S.S.); (M.T.); (L.C.); (L.L.); (J.K.)
| | - Eliska Svastova
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute of Virology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 84505 Bratislava, Slovakia; (S.S.); (M.T.); (L.C.); (L.L.); (J.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kim SH, Kim H. Transcriptome Analysis of the Inhibitory Effect of Astaxanthin on Helicobacter pylori-Induced Gastric Carcinoma Cell Motility. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18070365. [PMID: 32679742 PMCID: PMC7404279 DOI: 10.3390/md18070365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection promotes the metastasis of gastric carcinoma cells by modulating signal transduction pathways that regulate cell proliferation, motility, and invasion. Astaxanthin (ASTX), a xanthophyll carotenoid, is known to inhibit cancer cell migration and invasion, however the mechanism of action of ASTX in H. pylori-infected gastric epithelial cells is not well understood. To gain insight into this process, we carried out a comparative RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) analysis of human gastric cancer AGS (adenocarcinoma gastric) cells as a function of H. pylori infection and ASTX administration. The results were used to identify genes that are differently expressed in response to H. pylori and ASTX. Gene ontology (GO) analysis identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) to be associated with cell cytoskeleton remodeling, motility, and/or migration. Among the 20 genes identified, those encoding c-MET, PI3KC2, PLCγ1, Cdc42, and ROCK1 were selected for verification by real-time PCR analysis. The verified genes were mapped, using signaling networks contained in the KEGG database, to create a signaling pathway through which ASTX might mitigate the effects of H. pylori-infection. We propose that H. pylori-induced upregulation of the upstream regulator c-MET, and hence, its downstream targets Cdc42 and ROCK1, is suppressed by ASTX. ASTX is also suggested to counteract H. pylori-induced activation of PI3K and PLCγ. In conclusion, ASTX can suppress H. pylori-induced gastric cancer progression by inhibiting cytoskeleton reorganization and reducing cell motility through downregulation of c-MET, EGFR, PI3KC2, PLCγ1, Cdc42, and ROCK1.
Collapse
|
17
|
Javaid N, Choi S. Toll-like Receptors from the Perspective of Cancer Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E297. [PMID: 32012718 PMCID: PMC7072551 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12020297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) represent a family of pattern recognition receptors that recognize certain pathogen-associated molecular patterns and damage-associated molecular patterns. TLRs are highly interesting to researchers including immunologists because of the involvement in various diseases including cancers, allergies, autoimmunity, infections, and inflammation. After ligand engagement, TLRs trigger multiple signaling pathways involving nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), interferon-regulatory factors (IRFs), and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) for the production of various cytokines that play an important role in diseases like cancer. TLR activation in immune as well as cancer cells may prevent the formation and growth of a tumor. Nonetheless, under certain conditions, either hyperactivation or hypoactivation of TLRs supports the survival and metastasis of a tumor. Therefore, the design of TLR-targeting agonists as well as antagonists is a promising immunotherapeutic approach to cancer. In this review, we mainly describe TLRs, their involvement in cancer, and their promising properties for anticancer drug discovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sangdun Choi
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea;
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Toll-Like Receptors and Relevant Emerging Therapeutics with Reference to Delivery Methods. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:pharmaceutics11090441. [PMID: 31480568 PMCID: PMC6781272 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11090441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The built-in innate immunity in the human body combats various diseases and their causative agents. One of the components of this system is Toll-like receptors (TLRs), which recognize structurally conserved molecules derived from microbes and/or endogenous molecules. Nonetheless, under certain conditions, these TLRs become hypofunctional or hyperfunctional, thus leading to a disease-like condition because their normal activity is compromised. In this regard, various small-molecule drugs and recombinant therapeutic proteins have been developed to treat the relevant diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, Crohn’s disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, and allergy. Some drugs for these diseases have been clinically approved; however, their efficacy can be enhanced by conventional or targeted drug delivery systems. Certain delivery vehicles such as liposomes, hydrogels, nanoparticles, dendrimers, or cyclodextrins can be employed to enhance the targeted drug delivery. This review summarizes the TLR signaling pathway, associated diseases and their treatments, and the ways to efficiently deliver the drugs to a target site.
Collapse
|
19
|
Lanki M, Seppänen H, Mustonen H, Hagström J, Haglund C. Toll-like receptor 1 predicts favorable prognosis in pancreatic cancer. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219245. [PMID: 31314777 PMCID: PMC6636725 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The link between inflammation and carcinogenesis is indisputable. In trying to understand key factors at play, cancer research has developed an interest in the toll-like receptors (TLRs), which have shown signs of having prognostic value in various adenocarcinomas. We began investigating the expression of toll-like receptors 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 to evaluate their prognostic value of patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Methods We collected tumor biopsies from 154 stage I-III PDAC patients surgically treated at Helsinki University Hospital between 2002 and 2011, excluding patients undergoing neoadjuvant therapy. We used tissue microarray slides and immunohistochemistry to assess expression of TLRs 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 in PDAC tissue. Immunopositivity scores and clinicopathological characteristics were subjected to Fisher’s exact test or the linear-by-linear association test. For the survival analysis, we applied the Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test, and the Cox regression proportional hazard model served for univariate and multivariate analyses. Results Strong TLR1 expression was observable in 60 (39%), strong TLR3 in 48 (31%), strong TLR5 in 58 (38%), strong TLR7 in 14 (9%), and strong TLR9 in 22 (14%) patients. The multivariate analysis showed strong TLR1 expression to associate with better survival than moderate, low, or negative expression (HR = 0.68; 95% CI 0.47–0.99; p = 0.044). Additionally, those few patients with tumors negative for TLR1, TLR3, TLR7, or TLR9 fared poorly (HR = 2.41; 95% CI 1.31–4.43; p = 0.005; n = 13). Conclusion Strong TLR1 expression suggested better prognosis in PDAC patients, whereas negative expression of TLR1, TLR3, TLR7, or TLR9 was a sign of poor prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mira Lanki
- Department of Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Translational Cancer Medicine Research Program, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- * E-mail:
| | - Hanna Seppänen
- Department of Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Translational Cancer Medicine Research Program, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Harri Mustonen
- Department of Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Translational Cancer Medicine Research Program, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaana Hagström
- Translational Cancer Medicine Research Program, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Caj Haglund
- Department of Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Translational Cancer Medicine Research Program, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Alarcón-Millán J, Martínez-Carrillo DN, Peralta-Zaragoza O, Fernández-Tilapa G. Regulation of GKN1 expression in gastric carcinogenesis: A problem to resolve (Review). Int J Oncol 2019; 55:555-569. [PMID: 31322194 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrokine 1 (GKN1) is a protein expressed on the surface mucosa cells of the gastric antrum and fundus, which contributes to maintaining gastric homeostasis, inhibits inflammation and is a tumor suppressor. The expression of GKN1 decreases in mucosa that are either inflamed or infected by Helicobacter pylori, and is absent in gastric cancer. The measurement of circulating GKN1 concentration, the protein itself, or the mRNA in gastric tissue may be of use for the early diagnosis of cancer. The mechanisms that modulate the deregulation or silencing of GKN1 expression have not been completely described. The modification of histones, methylation of the GKN1 promoter, or proteasomal degradation of the protein have been detected in some patients; however, these mechanisms do not completely explain the absence of GKN1 or the reduction in GKN1 levels. Only NKX6.3 transcription factor has been shown to be a positive modulator of GKN1 transcription, although others also have an affinity with sequences in the promoter of this gene. While microRNAs (miRNAs) are able to directly or indirectly regulate the expression of genes at the post‑transcriptional level, the involvement of miRNAs in the regulation of GKN1 has not been reported. The present review analyzes the information reported on the determination of GKN1 expression and the regulation of its expression at the transcriptional, post‑transcriptional and post‑translational levels; it proposes an integrated model that incorporates the regulation of GKN1 expression via transcription factors and miRNAs in H. pylori infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Judit Alarcón-Millán
- Clinical Research Laboratory, Faculty of Biological Chemical Sciences, Guerrero Autonomous University, Chilpancingo, Guerrero 39070, México
| | - Dinorah Nashely Martínez-Carrillo
- Clinical Research Laboratory, Faculty of Biological Chemical Sciences, Guerrero Autonomous University, Chilpancingo, Guerrero 39070, México
| | - Oscar Peralta-Zaragoza
- Direction of Chronic Infections and Cancer, Research Center in Infection Diseases, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62100, México
| | - Gloria Fernández-Tilapa
- Clinical Research Laboratory, Faculty of Biological Chemical Sciences, Guerrero Autonomous University, Chilpancingo, Guerrero 39070, México
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Xue RY, Guo MF, Guo L, Liu C, Li S, Luo J, Nie L, Ji L, Ma CJ, Chen DQ, Sun S, Jin Z, Zou QM, Li HB. Synthetic Lipopeptide Enhances Protective Immunity Against Helicobacter pylori Infection. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1372. [PMID: 31258538 PMCID: PMC6587705 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Over fifty percent of the people around the world is infected with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), which is the main cause of gastric diseases such as chronic gastritis and stomach cancer. H. pylori adhesin A (HpaA), which is a surface-located lipoprotein, is essential for bacterial colonization in the gastric mucosa. HpaA had been proposed to be a promising vaccine candidate against H. pylori infection. However, the effect of non-lipidated recombinant HpaA (rHpaA) to stimulate immune response was not very ideal, and the protective effect against H. pylori infection was also limited. Here, we hypothesized that low immunogenicity of rHpaA may attribute to lacking the immunostimulatory properties endowed by the lipid moiety. In this study, two novel lipopeptides, LP1 and LP2, which mimic the terminal structure of the native HpaA (nHpaA), were synthesized and TLR2 activation activity was confirmed in vitro. To investigate whether two novel lipopeptides could improve the protective effect of rHpaA against the infection of H. pylori, groups of mice were immunized either intramuscularly or intranasally with rHpaA together with LP1 or LP2. Compared with rHpaA alone, the bacterial colonization of the mice immunized with rHpaA plus LP2 via intranasal route was significantly decreased and the expression levels of serum IgG2a, IFN-γ, and IL-17 cytokines in spleen lymphocyte culture supernatant increased obviously, indicating that the enhanced protection of LP2 may be associated with elevated specific Th1 and Th17 responses. In conclusion, LP2 has been shown to improve the protective effect of rHpaA against H. pylori infection, which may be closely related to its ability in activating TLR2 by mimicking the terminal structure of nHpaA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruo-Yi Xue
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mu-Fei Guo
- Chongqing Nankai Secondary School, Chongqing, China
| | - Ling Guo
- Chongqing Technical Center for Drug Evaluation and Certification, Chongqing, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Sun Li
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiao Luo
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Nie
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lu Ji
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Cong-Jia Ma
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Da-Qun Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Si Sun
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhe Jin
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Quan-Ming Zou
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hai-Bo Li
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kalantari E, Abolhasani M, Roudi R, Farajollahi MM, Farhad S, Madjd Z, Askarian-Amiri S, Mohsenzadegan M. Co-expression of TLR-9 and MMP-13 is associated with the degree of tumour differentiation in prostate cancer. Int J Exp Pathol 2019; 100:123-132. [PMID: 31090157 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Revised: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In vitro experiments demonstrated that stimulation of Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR-9) by synthetic TLR-9 ligands induces the invasion of TLR-9-expressing prostate cancer cells through matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP-13). However, the clinical value of TLR-9 and MMP-13 co-expression in the pathophysiology of the prostate is unknown. In the study, we evaluated the expression levels and clinical significance of the TLR-9 and MMP-13 in a series of prostate tissues. One hundred and eighty prostate tissues including prostate cancer (PCa) (n = 137), high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HPIN) (n = 18) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) (n = 25) were immunostained for the TLR-9 and MMP-13 markers. Subsequently, the correlation between the TLR-9 and MMP-13 staining scores and clinicopathological parameters was obtained. Higher expressions of TLR-9 and MMP-13 were found in PCa and high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia compared to benign prostatic hyperplasia tissues. Among PCa samples, a positive relationship was revealed between the MMP-13 expression and Gleason score (P < 0.001). There was a significant correlation between TLR-9 expression and regional lymph node involvement (P = 0.04). The expression patterns of TLR-9 and MMP-13 markers demonstrated a reciprocal significant correlation between the two markers in the same series of prostate samples (P < 0.001). Furthermore, the Gleason score of TLR-9high /MMP-13high and TLR-9low /MMP-13low phenotypes showed a significant difference (P = 0.002). Higher expressions of TLR-9 and MMP-13 can confer aggressive behaviour to PCa. Therefore, these markers may be used as a valuable target for tailored therapy of PCa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elham Kalantari
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Abolhasani
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Pathology, Hasheminejad Urology-Nephrology Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Raheleh Roudi
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad M Farajollahi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seif Farhad
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Madjd
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shaghayegh Askarian-Amiri
- Physiology Research Center and Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Monireh Mohsenzadegan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Liu H, Du F, Sun L, Wu Q, Wu J, Tong M, Wang X, Wang Q, Cao T, Gao X, Cao J, Wu N, Nie Y, Fan D, Lu Y, Zhao X. GATA6 suppresses migration and metastasis by regulating the miR-520b/CREB1 axis in gastric cancer. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:35. [PMID: 30674866 PMCID: PMC6426848 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-1270-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Transcription factors (TFs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) are tightly linked to each other in tumor development and progression, but their interactions in gastric cancer (GC) metastasis remain elusive. Here we report a novel suppressive role of GATA6 in inhibiting GC metastasis by transactivating miR-520b. We found that GATA6 expression was significantly downregulated in metastatic GC cells and tissues and that its downregulation was correlated with a poor GC prognosis. Overexpression of GATA6 suppressed GC cell migration, invasion and metastasis both in vitro and in vivo. Luciferase reporter assays and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that miR-520b is a direct transcriptional target of GATA6. Moreover, miR-520b expression was positively correlated with GATA6 expression in GC tissues, and ectopic expression of miR-520b inhibited the migration and invasion of GC cells. Furthermore, cAMP responsive element binding protein 1 (CREB1) was identified as a direct and functional target of miR-520b, and GATA6 could suppress GC cell migration and metastasis via miR-520b-mediated repression of CREB1. Downregulation of GATA6 and miR-520b may partly account for the overexpression of CREB1 in GC. In conclusion, our results provide novel insight into the TF-miRNA regulatory network involved in GC metastasis. Targeting the GATA6/miR-520b/CREB1 axis may be an effective approach for GC treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liu
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Feng Du
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lina Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qingfeng Wu
- Department of Geriatrics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jian Wu
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mingfu Tong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Wang
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qi Wang
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tianyu Cao
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoliang Gao
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiayi Cao
- Faculty of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Nan Wu
- Faculty of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yongzhan Nie
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Daiming Fan
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Lu
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Xiaodi Zhao
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Qin XR, Wu J, Yao XY, Huang J, Wang XY. Helicobacter pylori DNA promotes cellular proliferation, migration, and invasion of gastric cancer by activating toll-like receptor 9. Saudi J Gastroenterol 2019; 25:181-187. [PMID: 30618438 PMCID: PMC6526737 DOI: 10.4103/sjg.sjg_309_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is a well-known risk factor for gastric cancer. Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) plays an important role in many cancers and is important for immunity to H. pylori infection. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the influence of H. pylori on TLR9 and explore its roles in gastric cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS TLR9 expression in MKN45 cells, which were cocultured with or without H. pylori or H. pylori DNA, was detected using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot assays. Then, TLR9 was knocked down through RNA interference technology in MKN45 cells. Cell Counting Kit-8 assay was performed to investigate cell proliferation, and the Transwell system was established to test the migrative and invasive abilities of MKN45 cells. RESULTS H. pylori infection or H. pylori DNA level was positively correlated with TLR9 upregulation in MKN45 cells. In vitro, H. pylori DNA significantly accelerated cell proliferation and promoted the migration and invasion in MKN45 cells. In contrast, the knockdown of TLR9 significantly suppressed cell proliferation and inhibited the migration and invasion in MKN45 cells. CONCLUSIONS The present results suggest that the H. pylori DNA/TLR9-signaling pathway plays an important role in gastric cancer, which might be a potential therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Rong Qin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital, Changzhou, China
| | - Jia Wu
- Department of Gynecology, Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital, Changzhou, China
| | - Xin-Yu Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital, Changzhou, China
| | - Jin Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital, Changzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Yong Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital, Changzhou, China,Address for correspondence: Dr. Xiao-Yong Wang, Xinglong Xiang 29, Changzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Gao C, Qiao T, Zhang B, Yuan S, Zhuang X, Luo Y. TLR9 signaling activation at different stages in colorectal cancer and NF-kappaB expression. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:5963-5971. [PMID: 30271180 PMCID: PMC6151094 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s174274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The relationship of inflammation and tumor is becoming more and more important in the study on the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer. The role of TLR9-mediated immune inflammation reaction in the process is not currently clear. The purpose of the study was to discuss the correlation of TLR9 signal activation with tumor progression by detecting the expression of TLR9 and its downstream molecule NF-kappaB in colorectal cancer tissues at different stages. Methods TLR9 expression in colorectal cancer tissues was detected by immunohistochemical streptavidin-perosidase method and Western blot. Results The result showed that the high expression of TLR9 was correlated with tumor poorly differentiation, invasion and liver metastasis, the abnomal increasing levels of CEA in blood. With the signal activation, the levels of TLR9 protein raised more in advanced colorectal cancer than in early colorectal cancer. Afterward, we found that the activation of specific expression of TLR9 signal was related to histologic origin. TLR9-C expression displayed in both advanced cancer and para-carcinoma tissues, and TLR9-R protein was predominat in partial sigmoid and rectal cancer tissues. With the differential expression of TLR9, the levels of its downstream molecule NF-kappaB protein increased in colon cancer tissues and decreased in rectal cancer tissues. Conclusion The results confirmed that TLR9 signaling activation participated in the clinical process of colorectal cancer and influenced NF-kappaB expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caixia Gao
- Department of Oncology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China,
| | - Tiankui Qiao
- Department of Oncology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China,
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China,
| | - Sujuan Yuan
- Department of Oncology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China,
| | - Xibing Zhuang
- Department of Oncology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China,
| | - Youjun Luo
- Department of Oncology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China,
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Shapla UM, Raihan J, Islam A, Alam F, Solayman N, Gan SH, Hossen S, Khalil I. Propolis: The future therapy against Helicobacter pylori-mediated gastrointestinal diseases. J Appl Biomed 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jab.2017.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
|
27
|
Han F, Ren J, Zhang J, Sun Y, Ma F, Liu Z, Yu H, Jia J, Li W. JMJD2B is required for Helicobacter pylori-induced gastric carcinogenesis via regulating COX-2 expression. Oncotarget 2018; 7:38626-38637. [PMID: 27232941 PMCID: PMC5122416 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is the strongest risk factor for the initiation and progression of gastric cancer. However, the mechanism of H. pylori-induced pathogenesis remains unclear. In this study, we investigate the role of H. pylori infection in JMJD2B upregulation and the mechanism underlying gastric carcinogenesis. We find that JMJD2B can be induced by H. pylori infection via β-catenin pathway. β-catenin directly binds to JMJD2B promoter and stimulates JMJD2B expression following H. pylori infection. Increased JMJD2B, together with NF-κB, binds to COX-2 promoter to enhance its transcription by demethylating H3K9me3 locally. JMJD2B and COX-2 expression is upregulated in H. pylori infected mice in vivo. Furthermore, JMJD2B and COX-2 expression is gradually increased in human gastric tissues from gastritis to gastric cancer. The level of JMJD2B and COX-2 in H. pylori-positive gastritis tissues is significantly higher than that in H. pylori-negative tissues. Moreover, a positive correlation between JMJD2B and COX-2 expression is found in both gastritis and gastric cancer tissues. Therefore, JMJD2B is a crucial factor in triggering H. pylori-induced chronic inflammation and progression of gastric carcinogenesis and it may serve as a novel target for the intervention of gastric cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fengjuan Han
- Department of Microbiology, Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Juchao Ren
- Department of Microbiology, Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China.,Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Jinjin Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Yundong Sun
- Department of Microbiology, Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Fang Ma
- Department of Microbiology, Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Zhifang Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Han Yu
- Department of Microbiology, Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Jihui Jia
- Department of Microbiology, Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Wenjuan Li
- Department of Microbiology, Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Xu F, Mai CL, Zhu Q. Association of TLR-9 polymorphisms with the development of gastroduodenal ulcer: A hospital-based study in a Chinese cohort. EUR J INFLAMM 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/1721727x18757262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori infections have been one of the major factors associated with gastroduodenal ulcer. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) of human recognize mycobacterium-induced immune response and protect subjects from disease pathogenesis. Variants in TLR genes are believed to influence immune responses to H. pylori and clinical severity. TLR-9 polymorphisms have been associated with susceptibility to gastroduodenal ulcer in different populations. In this study, we investigate the role of common TLR-9 variants in susceptibility/resistance to the development of gastroduodenal ulcer in a Chinese cohort. The present hospital-based case–control study enrolled 580 patients with abdominal discomfort, and based on endoscopic investigation, the patients were categorized into (1) gastric ulcer (n = 154), (2) duodenal ulcer (n = 70), (3) gastric and duodenal ulcers (n = 25), (4) gastritis (n = 195), and (5) healthy stomach (n = 136). A total of 520 healthy controls from similar geographical areas were enrolled as controls. TLR-9 (C-1237T, C-1486T, and G+2848A) polymorphisms were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1β in both healthy controls and patients were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Furthermore, messenger RNA (mRNA) expressions of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β in biopsy tissues were quantified by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The prevalence of TLR-9+2848 heterozygotes (CT) was significantly higher in gastroduodenal ulcer patients compared to healthy controls. Sub-categorization of patients revealed higher prevalence of heterozygotes of TLR-9 C+2848T and C-1486T polymorphisms in patients with gastric ulcer (GU), duodenal ulcer (DU), and those with both gastric and duodenal ulcers (GDU) when compared to controls. Patients displayed higher plasma cytokine levels than healthy controls. TLR-9 polymorphisms (C+2848T and C-1486T) correlated with altered cytokine expression in biopsy tissues and their plasma levels. In conclusion, TLR-9 (C+2848T and C-1486T) polymorphisms are associated with gastroduodenal ulcer and correlated with altered cytokine levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Xu
- Digestive System Department, Guangdong Medical University Affiliated Longhua Central Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Cai-ling Mai
- Digestive System Department, Guangdong Medical University Affiliated Longhua Central Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qian Zhu
- Digestive System Department, Guangdong Medical University Affiliated Longhua Central Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Li N, Wang Q, Zhu T, Qiao L, Zhang F, Mi R, Wang B, Chen L, Gu J, Lu Y, Zheng Q. In vitro functional characterization of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 during chondrocyte hypertrophic differentiation. Oncotarget 2017; 7:36280-36292. [PMID: 27121205 PMCID: PMC5095000 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase 2 (Cox-2) has been implicated an essential role during bone repair, but the mechanisms remain elusive. Bone repair healing is known to include processes similar to endochondral ossification. In this study, we investigated the in vitro effect of Cox-2 on Col10a1 expression and chondrocyte hypertrophy, two critical components of endochondral ossification. Using quantitative RT-PCR, we detected increased mRNA levels of Cox-2 and Col10a1 in hypertrophic MCT cells, while cells treated with Cox-2 inhibitor, NS398, showed decreased mRNA and protein levels of Cox-2 and Col10a1. Increased Cox-2 also correlated with significantly upregulated Col10a1 in hypertrophic ATDC5 cells, whereas inhibition of Cox-2 significantly decreased Col10a1 expression. We further generated a Cox-2-expressing ATDC5 stable cell line. Compared with the controls, Cox-2 over-expression significantly increased Col10a1 as early as day 7 of continuous culturing, but not at days 14 and 21. Enhanced Alp staining was also observed in day 7 stable cell line. Correspondingly, we detected significantly increased levels of Runx2, Alp, Bcl-2, Bax, Col1a1, Osterix, and Bsp in day 7 stable line. Most of these genes have been associated with chondrocyte maturation and apoptosis. Together, our results support that Cox-2 promotes Col10a1 expression and chondrocyte hypertrophy in vitro, possibly through upregulation of Runx2 and other relevant transcription factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Department of Hematological Laboratory Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Hematological Laboratory Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Ting Zhu
- Department of Hematological Laboratory Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Longwei Qiao
- Center for Reproduction and Genetics, Suzhou Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215002, China
| | - Fei Zhang
- Department of Hematological Laboratory Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Rui Mi
- Department of Hematological Laboratory Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Hematological Laboratory Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Lin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, Trauma Center, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Junxia Gu
- Department of Hematological Laboratory Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yaojuan Lu
- Department of Hematological Laboratory Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Qiping Zheng
- Department of Hematological Laboratory Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Patidar A, Selvaraj S, Sarode A, Chauhan P, Chattopadhyay D, Saha B. DAMP-TLR-cytokine axis dictates the fate of tumor. Cytokine 2017; 104:114-123. [PMID: 29032985 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Random mutations leading to loss of cell cycle control is not a rare occurrence in an organism but the mutated cells are recognized and eliminated preventing the development of a tumor. These potentially tumorigenic cells release damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), which are recognized by toll-like receptors (TLRs) on macrophages and dendritic cells. The initial TLR-DAMP interactions lead to different responses such as altered antigen presentation and cytokine release that directly affect T cell activation and removal of the tumorigenic cells. The indirect effects of TLR-DAMP interaction include chemokine-directed altered T cell trafficking, angiogenesis for both T cell infiltration and tumor cell metastasis, and alteration of intra-tumoral milieu contributing to the development of tumor cells heterogeneity. Thus, the initial TLR-DAMP interaction has a set of local effects that modulate tumor cell growth and heterogeneity and a disseminating set of central effects that dynamically affect T cell trafficking and functions. Herein, we argue that the DAMP-TLR-cytokine axis in the tumor microenvironment serves as the mainstay that orchestrates and regulates the pro- and anti-tumor elements which dynamically interact between themselves eventuating in tumor regression or growth. The knowledge of this TLR-based immuno-surveillance framework is a key to developing a novel immunotherapy against cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Patidar
- National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind, Pune, India
| | | | - Aditya Sarode
- National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind, Pune, India
| | | | | | - Bhaskar Saha
- National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Belagavi, Karnataka, India.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Olivera-Severo D, Uberti AF, Marques MS, Pinto MT, Gomez-Lazaro M, Figueiredo C, Leite M, Carlini CR. A New Role for Helicobacter pylori Urease: Contributions to Angiogenesis. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1883. [PMID: 29021786 PMCID: PMC5623709 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is a pathogen involved in gastric diseases such as ulcers and carcinomas. H. pylori's urease is an important virulence factor produced in large amounts by this bacterium. In previous studies, we have shown that this protein is able to activate several cell types like neutrophils, monocytes, platelets, endothelial cells, and gastric epithelial cells. Angiogenesis is a physiological process implicated in growth, invasion and metastization of tumors. Here, we have analyzed the angiogenic potential of H. pylori urease (HPU) in gastric epithelial cells. No cytotoxicity was observed in AGS, Kato-III, and MKN28 gastric cell lines treated with 300 nM HPU, as evaluated by the 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. As we previously reported in neutrophils, treatment with 300 nM HPU also had an anti-apoptotic effect in gastric epithelial cells leading to a 2.2-fold increase in the levels of Bcl-XL after 6 h, and a decrease of 80% in the content of BAD, after 48 h, two mitochondrial proteins involved in regulation of apoptosis. Within 10 min of exposure, HPU is rapidly internalized by gastric epithelial cells. Treatment of the gastric cells with methyl-β-cyclodextrin abolished HPU internalization suggesting a cholesterol-dependent process. HPU induces the expression of pro-angiogenic factors and the decrease of expression of anti-angiogenic factors by AGS cells. The angiogenic activity of HPU was analyzed using in vitro and in vivo models. HPU induced formation of tube-like structures by human umbilical vascular endothelial cells in a 9 h experiment. In the chicken embryo chorioallantoic membrane model, HPU induced intense neo-vascularization after 3 days. In conclusion, our results indicate that besides allowing bacterial colonization of the gastric mucosa, H. pylori's urease triggers processes that initiate pro-angiogenic responses in different cellular models. Thus, this bacterial urease, a major virulence factor, may also play a role in gastric carcinoma development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deiber Olivera-Severo
- Center of Biotechnology, Universidade Federal Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Biology Department, Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões, São Luiz Gonzaga, Brazil
| | - Augusto F Uberti
- Center of Biotechnology, Universidade Federal Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Institute of Biology, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Miguel S Marques
- i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Ipatimup-Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marta T Pinto
- i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Ipatimup-Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Gomez-Lazaro
- i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,INEB - Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Céu Figueiredo
- i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Ipatimup-Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marina Leite
- i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Ipatimup-Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Célia R Carlini
- Center of Biotechnology, Universidade Federal Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Brain Institute (BRAINS-InsCer), Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is the most common bacterial infection worldwide, and virtually all infected persons develop co-existing gastritis. H. pylori is able to send and receive signals from the gastric mucosa, which enables both host and microbe to engage in a dynamic equilibrium. In order to persist within the human host, H. pylori has adopted dichotomous strategies to both induce inflammation as a means of liberating nutrients while simultaneously tempering the immune response to augment its survival. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and Nod proteins are innate immune receptors that are present in epithelial cells and represent the first line of defense against pathogens. To ensure persistence, H. pylori manipulates TLR-mediated defenses using strategies that include rendering its LPS and flagellin to be non-stimulatory to TLR4 and TLR5, respectively; translocating peptidoglycan into host cells to induce NOD1-mediated anti-inflammatory responses; and translocating DNA into host cells to induce TLR9 activation.
Collapse
|
33
|
Lee YC, Lin JT. Screening and treating Helicobacter pylori infection for gastric cancer prevention on the population level. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017; 32:1160-1169. [PMID: 28087975 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.13726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori infection is the major cause of gastric cancer, and removal of H. pylori infection from a population could theoretically decrease the number of cases by about 89%. However, in real-life settings, few studies have reported the effect of screening and treating this pathogen in population-based programs. This is mainly because of the lack of an adequate infrastructure for delivery of systematic screening services to asymptomatic individuals, the lack of standardization to ensure that each subject receives the correct diagnostic testing and antibiotic treatment, and limited resources. We illustrate our method of implementing two population-based screen-and-treat programs in Taiwan, where the epidemiological characteristics of disease burden have changed from the traditionally Eastern pattern towards that of the Western countries. Our first example is a high-risk population that resides on an offshore island, in which a strategy of mass eradication of H. pylori was applied. The other example is an intermediate-risk population, which is representative of the general average-risk population, in which there is integration of the screen-and-treat method with the established framework of colorectal cancer screening using the fecal-occult blood test. The information provided here may be useful for integration of gastric cancer prevention measures into the healthcare priorities of populations with different gastric cancer risks, such as those with limited resources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chia Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jaw-Town Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Medicine and Big Data Research Centre, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Varga MG, Piazuelo MB, Romero-Gallo J, Delgado AG, Suarez G, Whitaker ME, Krishna US, Patel RV, Skaar EP, Wilson KT, Algood HMS, Peek RM. TLR9 activation suppresses inflammation in response to Helicobacter pylori infection. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2016; 311:G852-G858. [PMID: 27758771 PMCID: PMC5130555 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00175.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) induces chronic gastritis in humans, and infection can persist for decades. One H. pylori strain-specific constituent that augments disease risk is the cag pathogenicity island. The cag island encodes a type IV secretion system (T4SS) that translocates DNA into host cells. Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) is an innate immune receptor that detects hypo-methylated CpG DNA motifs. In this study, we sought to define the role of the H. pylori cag T4SS on TLR9-mediated responses in vivo. H. pylori strain PMSS1 or its cagE- mutant, which fails to assemble a T4SS, were used to infect wild-type or Tlr9-/- C57BL/6 mice. PMSS1-infected Tlr9-/- mice developed significantly higher levels of inflammation, despite similar levels of colonization density, compared with PMSS1-infected wild-type mice. These changes were cag dependent, as both mouse genotypes infected with the cagE- mutant only developed minimal inflammation. Tlr9-/- genotypes did not alter the microbial phenotypes of in vivo-adapted H. pylori strains; therefore, we examined host immunological responses. There were no differences in levels of TH1 or TH2 cytokines in infected mice when stratified by host genotype. However, gastric mucosal levels of IL-17 were significantly increased in infected Tlr9-/- mice compared with infected wild-type mice, and H. pylori infection of IL-17A-/- mice concordantly led to significantly decreased levels of gastritis. Thus loss of Tlr9 selectively augments the intensity of IL-17-driven immune responses to H. pylori in a cag T4SS-dependent manner. These results suggest that H. pylori utilizes the cag T4SS to manipulate the intensity of the host immune response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew G. Varga
- 1Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee;
| | - M. Blanca Piazuelo
- 2Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee;
| | - Judith Romero-Gallo
- 2Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee;
| | - Alberto G. Delgado
- 2Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee;
| | - Giovanni Suarez
- 2Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee;
| | - Morgan E. Whitaker
- 2Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee;
| | - Uma S. Krishna
- 2Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee;
| | - Rachna V. Patel
- 3Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; and
| | - Eric P. Skaar
- 3Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; and ,4Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Keith T. Wilson
- 1Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; ,2Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; ,3Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; and ,4Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Holly M. S. Algood
- 2Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; ,3Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; and ,4Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Richard M. Peek
- 1Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; ,2Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; ,3Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; and
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Nagase H, Takeoka T, Urakawa S, Morimoto-Okazawa A, Kawashima A, Iwahori K, Takiguchi S, Nishikawa H, Sato E, Sakaguchi S, Mori M, Doki Y, Wada H. ICOS+Foxp3+TILs in gastric cancer are prognostic markers and effector regulatory T cells associated withHelicobacter pylori. Int J Cancer 2016; 140:686-695. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hirotsugu Nagase
- Department of Clinical Research in Tumor Immunology; Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University; Osaka Japan
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine; Osaka University; Osaka Japan
| | - Tomohira Takeoka
- Department of Clinical Research in Tumor Immunology; Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University; Osaka Japan
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine; Osaka University; Osaka Japan
| | - Shinya Urakawa
- Department of Clinical Research in Tumor Immunology; Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University; Osaka Japan
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine; Osaka University; Osaka Japan
| | - Akiko Morimoto-Okazawa
- Department of Clinical Research in Tumor Immunology; Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University; Osaka Japan
| | - Atsunari Kawashima
- Department of Clinical Research in Tumor Immunology; Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University; Osaka Japan
| | - Kota Iwahori
- Department of Clinical Research in Tumor Immunology; Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University; Osaka Japan
| | - Shuji Takiguchi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine; Osaka University; Osaka Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Nishikawa
- Division of Cancer Immunology; Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center; Chiba Japan
| | - Eiichi Sato
- Department of Pathology; Institute of Medical Science (Medical Research Center), Tokyo Medical University; Tokyo Japan
| | - Shimon Sakaguchi
- Experimental Immunology; WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University; Osaka Japan
| | - Masaki Mori
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine; Osaka University; Osaka Japan
| | - Yuichiro Doki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine; Osaka University; Osaka Japan
| | - Hisashi Wada
- Department of Clinical Research in Tumor Immunology; Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University; Osaka Japan
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Hu Y, Liu JP, Zhu Y, Lu NH. The Importance of Toll-like Receptors in NF-κB Signaling Pathway Activation by Helicobacter pylori Infection and the Regulators of this Response. Helicobacter 2016; 21:428-40. [PMID: 26763943 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a common pathogenic bacterium in the stomach that infects almost half of the population worldwide and is closely related to gastric diseases and some extragastric diseases, including iron-deficiency anemia and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. Both the Maastricht IV/Florence consensus report and the Kyoto global consensus report have proposed the eradication of H. pylori to prevent gastric cancer as H.pylori has been shown to be a major cause of gastric carcinogenesis. The interactions between H. pylori and host receptors induce the release of the proinflammatory cytokines by activating proinflammatory signaling pathways such as nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), which plays a central role in inflammation, immune response, and carcinogenesis. Among these receptors, Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are classical pattern recognition receptors in the recognition of H. pylori and the mediation of the host inflammatory and immune responses to H. pylori. TLR polymorphisms also contribute to the clinical consequences of H. pylori infection. In this review, we focus on the functions of TLRs in the NF-κB signaling pathway activated by H. pylori, the regulators modulating this response, and the functions of TLR polymorphisms in H.pylori-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jian-Ping Liu
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Yin Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Nong-Hua Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Ha NH, Park DG, Woo BH, Kim DJ, Choi JI, Park BS, Kim YD, Lee JH, Park HR. Porphyromonas gingivalis increases the invasiveness of oral cancer cells by upregulating IL-8 and MMPs. Cytokine 2016; 86:64-72. [PMID: 27468958 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2016.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies indicate that chronic inflammation promotes the aggressiveness of cancers. However, the direct molecular mechanisms underlying a functional link between chronic periodontitis, the most common form of oral inflammatory diseases, and the malignancy of oral cancer remain unknown. To elucidate the role of chronic periodontitis in progression of oral cancer, we examined the effect of Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), a major pathogen that causes chronic periodontitis, on the invasiveness of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells, including SCC-25, OSC-20 and SAS cells. Exposures to P. gingivalis promoted the invasive ability of OSC-20 and SAS cells via the upregulation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), specifically MMP-1 and MMP-2. However, P. gingivalis-infected SCC-25 cells did not exhibit changes in their invasive properties or the low expression levels of MMPs. In an effort to delineate the molecular players that control the invasiveness, we first assessed the level of interleukin-8 (IL-8), a well-known inflammatory cytokine, in P. gingivalis-infected OSCC cells. IL-8 secretion was substantially increased in the OSC-20 and SAS cells, but not in the SCC-25 cells, following P. gingivalis infection. When IL-8 was directly applied to SCC-25 cells, their invasive ability and MMP level were significantly increased. Furthermore, the downregulation of IL-8 in P. gingivalis-infected OSC-20 and SAS cells attenuated their invasive potentials and MMP levels. Taken together, our findings strongly suggest that P. gingivalis infection plays an important role in the promotion of the invasive potential of OSCC cells via the upregulation of IL-8 and MMPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Na Hee Ha
- Department of Oral Pathology & BK21 PLUS Project, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, 49 Busandaehak-Ro, Yangsan 50612, South Korea.
| | - Dae Gun Park
- Department of Oral Pathology & BK21 PLUS Project, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, 49 Busandaehak-Ro, Yangsan 50612, South Korea.
| | - Bok Hee Woo
- Department of Oral Pathology & BK21 PLUS Project, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, 49 Busandaehak-Ro, Yangsan 50612, South Korea.
| | - Da Jeong Kim
- Department of Oral Pathology & BK21 PLUS Project, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, 49 Busandaehak-Ro, Yangsan 50612, South Korea.
| | - Jeom Il Choi
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, 49 Busandaehak-Ro, Yangsan 50612, South Korea.
| | - Bong Soo Park
- Department of Oral Anatomy, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, 49 Busandaehak-Ro, Yangsan 50612, South Korea.
| | - Yong Deok Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, 49 Busandaehak-Ro, Yangsan 50612, South Korea; Institute of Translational Dental Sciences, Pusan National University, 49 Busandaehak-Ro, Yangsan 50612, South Korea.
| | - Ji Hye Lee
- Department of Oral Pathology & BK21 PLUS Project, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, 49 Busandaehak-Ro, Yangsan 50612, South Korea; Institute of Translational Dental Sciences, Pusan National University, 49 Busandaehak-Ro, Yangsan 50612, South Korea.
| | - Hae Ryoun Park
- Department of Oral Pathology & BK21 PLUS Project, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, 49 Busandaehak-Ro, Yangsan 50612, South Korea; Institute of Translational Dental Sciences, Pusan National University, 49 Busandaehak-Ro, Yangsan 50612, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Varga MG, Shaffer CL, Sierra JC, Suarez G, Piazuelo MB, Whitaker ME, Romero-Gallo J, Krishna US, Delgado A, Gomez MA, Good JAD, Almqvist F, Skaar EP, Correa P, Wilson KT, Hadjifrangiskou M, Peek RM. Pathogenic Helicobacter pylori strains translocate DNA and activate TLR9 via the cancer-associated cag type IV secretion system. Oncogene 2016; 35:6262-6269. [PMID: 27157617 PMCID: PMC5102820 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is the strongest identified risk factor for gastric cancer, the third most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide. An H. pylori constituent that augments cancer risk is the strain-specific cag pathogenicity island, which encodes a type IV secretion system (T4SS) that translocates a pro-inflammatory and oncogenic protein, CagA, into epithelial cells. However, the majority of persons colonized with CagA+H. pylori strains do not develop cancer, suggesting that other microbial effectors also play a role in carcinogenesis. Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) is an endosome bound, innate immune receptor that detects and responds to hypo-methylated CpG DNA motifs that are most commonly found in microbial genomes. High expression tlr9 polymorphisms have been linked to the development of premalignant lesions in the stomach. We now demonstrate that levels of H. pylori-mediated TLR9 activation and expression are directly related to gastric cancer risk in human populations. Mechanistically, we show for the first time that the H. pylori cancer-associated cag T4SS is required for TLR9 activation and that H. pylori DNA is actively translocated by the cag T4SS to engage this host receptor. Activation of TLR9 occurs through a contact-dependent mechanism between pathogen and host, and involves transfer of microbial DNA that is both protected as well as exposed during transport. These results indicate that TLR9 activation via the cag island may modify the risk for malignancy within the context of H. pylori infection and provide an important framework for future studies investigating the microbial-epithelial interface in gastric carcinogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M G Varga
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - C L Shaffer
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - J C Sierra
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - G Suarez
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - M B Piazuelo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - M E Whitaker
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - J Romero-Gallo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - U S Krishna
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - A Delgado
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - M A Gomez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Unit of Gastroenterology, National University of Colombia School of Medicine, Bogota, Colombia
| | - J A D Good
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Umeå Centre for Microbial Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - F Almqvist
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Umeå Centre for Microbial Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - E P Skaar
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.,Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - P Correa
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - K T Wilson
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.,Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - M Hadjifrangiskou
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - R M Peek
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Pandolfi F, Altamura S, Frosali S, Conti P. Key Role of DAMP in Inflammation, Cancer, and Tissue Repair. Clin Ther 2016; 38:1017-28. [PMID: 27021609 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2016.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This review aimed to take stock of the current status of research on damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) protein. We discuss the Janus-faced role of DAMP molecules in inflammation, cancer, and tissue repair. The high-mobility group box (HMGB)-1 and adenosine triphosphate proteins are well-known DAMP molecules and have been primarily associated with inflammation. However, as we shall see, recent data have linked these molecules to tissue repair. HMGB1 is associated with cancer-related inflammation. It activates nuclear factor kB, which is involved in cancer regulation via its receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE), Toll-like receptors 2 and 4. Proinflammatory activity and tissue repair may lead to pharmacologic intervention, by blocking DAMP RAGE and Toll like receptor 2 and 4 role in inflammation and by increasing their concentration in tissue repair, respectively. METHODS We conducted a MEDLINE search for articles pertaining to the various issues related to DAMP, and we discuss the most relevant articles especially (ie, not only those published in journals with a higher impact factor). FINDINGS A cluster of remarkable articles on DAMP have appeared in the literature in recent years. Regarding inflammation, several strategies have been proposed to target HMGB1, from antibodies to recombinant box A, which interacts with RAGE, competing with the full molecule. In tissue repair, it was reported that the overexpression of HMGB1 or the administration of exogenous HMGB1 significantly increased the number of vessels and promoted recovery in skin-wound, ischemic injury. IMPLICATIONS Due to the bivalent nature of DAMP, it is often difficult to explain the relative role of DAMP in inflammation versus its role in tissue repair. However, this point is crucial as DAMP-related treatments move into clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Franco Pandolfi
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Catholic University, Rome, Italy.
| | - Simona Altamura
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Frosali
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Pio Conti
- Postgraduate Medical School, Chieti University, Chieti, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Ha NH, Woo BH, Kim DJ, Ha ES, Choi JI, Kim SJ, Park BS, Lee JH, Park HR. Prolonged and repetitive exposure to Porphyromonas gingivalis increases aggressiveness of oral cancer cells by promoting acquisition of cancer stem cell properties. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:9947-60. [PMID: 26178482 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3764-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is the most common chronic inflammatory condition occurring in the human oral cavity, but our knowledge on its contribution to oral cancer is rather limited. To define crosstalk between chronic periodontitis and oral cancer, we investigated whether Porphyromonas gingivalis, a major pathogen of chronic periodontitis, plays a role in oral cancer progression. To mimic chronic irritation by P. gingivalis in the oral cavity, oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells were infected with P. gingivalis twice a week for 5 weeks. Repeated infection of oral cancer cells by P. gingivalis resulted in morphological changes of host cancer cells into an elongated shape, along with the decreased expression of epithelial cell markers, suggesting acquisition of an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotype. The prolonged exposure to P. gingivalis also promoted migratory and invasive properties of OSCC cells and provided resistance against a chemotherapeutic agent, all of which are described as cellular characteristics undergoing EMT. Importantly, long-term infection by P. gingivalis induced an increase in the expression level of CD44 and CD133, well-known cancer stem cell markers, and promoted the tumorigenic properties of infected cancer cells compared to non-infected controls. Furthermore, increased invasiveness of P. gingivalis-infected OSCC cells was correlated with enhanced production of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 and MMP-10 that was stimulated by interleukin-8 (IL-8) release. This is the first report demonstrating that P. gingivalis can increase the aggressiveness of oral cancer cells via epithelial-mesenchymal transition-like changes and the acquisition of stemness, implicating P. gingivalis as a potential bacterial risk modifier.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Na Hee Ha
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, 49 Busandaehak-Ro, Yangsan-Si, Kyeongsangnam-Do, 626-870, South Korea
| | - Bok Hee Woo
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, 49 Busandaehak-Ro, Yangsan-Si, Kyeongsangnam-Do, 626-870, South Korea
| | - Da Jeong Kim
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, 49 Busandaehak-Ro, Yangsan-Si, Kyeongsangnam-Do, 626-870, South Korea
| | - Eun Sin Ha
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, 49 Busandaehak-Ro, Yangsan-Si, Kyeongsangnam-Do, 626-870, South Korea
| | - Jeom Il Choi
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, 49 Busandaehak-Ro, Yangsan, 626-870, South Korea
| | - Sung Jo Kim
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, 49 Busandaehak-Ro, Yangsan, 626-870, South Korea
| | - Bong Soo Park
- Department of Oral Anatomy, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, 49 Busandaehak-Ro, Yangsan, 626-870, South Korea
| | - Ji Hye Lee
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, 49 Busandaehak-Ro, Yangsan-Si, Kyeongsangnam-Do, 626-870, South Korea.,Institute of Translational Dental Sciences, Pusan National University, 49 Busandaehak-Ro, Yangsan, 626-870, South Korea
| | - Hae Ryoun Park
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, 49 Busandaehak-Ro, Yangsan-Si, Kyeongsangnam-Do, 626-870, South Korea. .,Institute of Translational Dental Sciences, Pusan National University, 49 Busandaehak-Ro, Yangsan, 626-870, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Grimmig T, Matthes N, Hoeland K, Tripathi S, Chandraker A, Grimm M, Moench R, Moll EM, Friess H, Tsaur I, Blaheta RA, Germer CT, Waaga-Gasser AM, Gasser M. TLR7 and TLR8 expression increases tumor cell proliferation and promotes chemoresistance in human pancreatic cancer. Int J Oncol 2015; 47:857-66. [PMID: 26134824 PMCID: PMC4532221 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.3069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation as an important epigenetic and environmental factor for putative tumorigenesis and tumor progression may be associated with specific activation of Toll-like receptors (TLR). Recently, carcinogenesis has been suggested to be dependent on TLR7 signaling. In the present study, we determined the role of both TLR7 and TLR8 expression and signaling in tumor cell proliferation and chemoresistance in pancreatic cancer. Expression of TLR7/TLR8 in UICC stage I-IV pancreatic cancer, chronic pancreatitis, normal pancreatic tissue and human pancreatic (PANC1) cancer cell line was examined. For in vitro/in vivo studies TLR7/TLR8 overexpressing PANC1 cell lines were generated and analyzed for effects of (un-)stimulated TLR expression on tumor cell proliferation and chemoresistance. TLR expression was increased in pancreatic cancer, with stage-dependent upregulation in advanced tumors, compared to earlier stages and chronic pancreatitis. Stimulation of TLR7/TLR8 overexpressing PANC1 cells resulted in elevated NF-κB and COX-2 expression, increased cancer cell proliferation and reduced chemosensitivity. More importantly, TLR7/TLR8 expression increased tumor growth in vivo. Our data demonstrate a stage-dependent upregulation of both TLR7 and TLR8 expression in pancreatic cancer. Functional analysis in human pancreatic cancer cells point to a significant role of both TLRs in chronic inflammation-mediated TLR7/TLR8 signaling leading to tumor cell proliferation and chemoresistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Grimmig
- Department of Surgery I, Molecular Oncology and Immunology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Niels Matthes
- Department of Surgery I, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Hoeland
- Department of Surgery I, Molecular Oncology and Immunology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Sudipta Tripathi
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Transplant Research Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anil Chandraker
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Transplant Research Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Martin Grimm
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Romana Moench
- Department of Surgery I, Molecular Oncology and Immunology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Eva-Maria Moll
- Department of Surgery I, Molecular Oncology and Immunology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Helmut Friess
- Department of Surgery, University of Munich, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - Igor Tsaur
- Department of Urology, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Roman A Blaheta
- Department of Urology, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Cristoph T Germer
- Department of Surgery I, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Ana Maria Waaga-Gasser
- Department of Surgery I, Molecular Oncology and Immunology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Martin Gasser
- Department of Surgery I, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Trejo-de la O A, Torres J, Sánchez-Zauco N, Pérez-Rodríguez M, Camorlinga-Ponce M, Flores-Luna L, Lazcano-Ponce E, Maldonado-Bernal C. Polymorphisms in TLR9 but not in TLR5 increase the risk for duodenal ulcer and alter cytokine expression in the gastric mucosa. Innate Immun 2015; 21:706-13. [PMID: 25995217 DOI: 10.1177/1753425915587130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colonization of the gastric mucosa by Helicobacter pylori can lead to peptic ulcer and gastric adenocarcinoma. TLRs are signaling receptors involved in the recognition of microorganisms, and polymorphisms in their genes may influence the innate and adaptive immune response to H. pylori, affecting the clinical outcomes of the infection. We assessed the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms in TLR9 and TLR5 and gastroduodenal diseases. All patients were genotyped by allelic discrimination in regions 1174C>T and 1775A>G of TLR5 and -1237T>C and 2848G>A of TLR9. The 2848A allele of TLR9 was more frequent in duodenal ulcer and showed an association of risk with this pathology. Polymorphisms in TLR5 were not found to be associated with disease. Patients with polymorphisms in TLR9 and TLR5 expressed significantly lower levels of IL-1β and TNF-α, whereas polymorphisms in TLR5 also decreased the expression of IL-6 and IL-10. Our findings suggest that 2848G>A polymorphism in TLR9 increases the risk for the development of duodenal ulcer probably by modifying the inflammatory response to H. pylori infection. This is the first study to show an association of 2848A allele of TLR9 with duodenal ulcer and with altered expression of inflammatory cytokines in the gastric mucosa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Javier Torres
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, IMSS, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Norma Sánchez-Zauco
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, IMSS, Mexico City, Mexico Laboratorio de Investigación en Inmunología y Proteómica, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, SS, Mexico City, Mexico Laboratorio de Bacteriología Médica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas-IPN, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Margarita Camorlinga-Ponce
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, IMSS, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Lourdes Flores-Luna
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Mor., México
| | - Eduardo Lazcano-Ponce
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Mor., México
| | - Carmen Maldonado-Bernal
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Inmunología y Proteómica, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, SS, Mexico City, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Interplay of the Gastric Pathogen Helicobacter pylori with Toll-Like Receptors. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:192420. [PMID: 25945326 PMCID: PMC4402485 DOI: 10.1155/2015/192420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are crucial for pathogen recognition and downstream signaling to induce effective immunity. The gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori is a paradigm of persistent bacterial infections and chronic inflammation in humans. The chronicity of inflammation during H. pylori infection is related to the manipulation of regulatory cytokines. In general, the early detection of H. pylori by TLRs and other pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) is believed to induce a regulatory cytokine or chemokine profile that eventually blocks the resolution of inflammation. H. pylori factors such as LPS, HSP-60, NapA, DNA, and RNA are reported in various studies to be recognized by specific TLRs. However, H. pylori flagellin evades the recognition of TLR5 by possessing a conserved N-terminal motif. Activation of TLRs and resulting signal transduction events lead to the production of pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators through activation of NF-κB, MAP kinases, and IRF signaling pathways. The genetic polymorphisms of these important PRRs are also implicated in the varied outcome and disease progression. Hence, the interplay of TLRs and bacterial factors highlight the complexity of innate immune recognition and immune evasion as well as regulated processes in the progression of associated pathologies. Here we will review this important aspect of H. pylori infection.
Collapse
|
44
|
Mohamed FE, Al-Jehani RM, Minogue SS, Andreola F, Winstanley A, Olde Damink SWM, Habtesion A, Malagó M, Davies N, Luong TV, Dhillon AP, Mookerjee RP, Dhar DK, Jalan R. Effect of toll-like receptor 7 and 9 targeted therapy to prevent the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver Int 2015; 35:1063-76. [PMID: 24990399 DOI: 10.1111/liv.12626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Chronic liver disease is a predisposing factor for development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Toll-like receptors play a crucial role in immunity against microbial pathogens and recent evidence suggests that they may also be important in pathogenesis of chronic liver disease. The purpose of this study was to determine whether TLR7 and TLR9 are potential targets for prevention and progression of HCC. METHODS Tissue microarrays containing liver samples from patients with cirrhosis, viral hepatitis and HCC were examined for expression of TLR7 and TLR9 and the data obtained was validated in liver specimens from the hospital archives. Proliferation of human HCC cell lines was studied following stimulation of TLR7 and TLR9 using agonists (imiquimod and CpG-ODN respectively) and inhibition with a specific antagonist (IRS-954) or chloroquine. The effect of these interventions was confirmed in a xenograft model and diethylnitrosamine (DEN)/nitrosomorpholine (NMOR)-induced model of HCC. RESULTS TLR7 and TLR9 expression was up-regulated in human HCC tissue. Proliferation of HuH7 cells in vitro increased significantly in response to stimulation of TLR7. TLR7 and TLR9 inhibition using IRS-954 or chloroquine significantly reduced HuH7 cell proliferation in vitro and inhibited tumour growth in the mouse xenograft model. HCC development in the DEN/NMOR rat model was also significantly inhibited by chloroquine (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION The data suggest that inhibiting TLR7 and TLR9 with IRS-954 or chloroquine could potentially be used as a novel therapeutic approach for preventing HCC development and/or progression in susceptible patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatma E Mohamed
- UCL Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK; Pathology Department, Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Kauppila JH, Korvala J, Siirilä K, Manni M, Mäkinen LK, Hagström J, Atula T, Haglund C, Selander KS, Saarnio J, Karttunen TJ, Lehenkari PP, Salo T. Toll-like receptor 9 mediates invasion and predicts prognosis in squamous cell carcinoma of the mobile tongue. J Oral Pathol Med 2014; 44:571-7. [PMID: 25338738 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) is a cellular receptor, which recognizes bacterial and host-derived DNA. Stimulation of TLR9 induces cellular invasion via matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP-13). The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of TLR9 in invasion of oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC). METHODS The effects of TLR9 ligands on oral squamous cell carcinoma cell lines were studied with invasion and migration assays, as well as in a myoma organotypic model. RESULTS The TLR9 ligand, CpG-ODN, increased invasion and migration in OTSCC lines. These effects were reduced by TLR9 siRNA or inhibition with TLR9 antibodies. Immunohistochemical analysis of tissues from 195 patients with OTSCC revealed that TLR9 was expressed in 181/195 carcinomas. The expression of TLR9 was higher in the malignant cells than in the normal epithelium. High TLR9 expression was associated with high MMP-13 expression and poor differentiation. High TLR9 expression was also identified as an independent predictor of poor prognosis (HR 1.810, 95% CI [1.053-3.112]). CONCLUSION Toll-like receptor 9 mediates OTSCC invasion and migration in vitro and is an independent prognostic factor of OTSCC. Inhibition of TLR9 may be a novel therapeutic opportunity in oral cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joonas H Kauppila
- Department of Pathology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Surgery, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Johanna Korvala
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Dentistry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | | | - Marika Manni
- Department of Pathology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Laura K Mäkinen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaana Hagström
- Department of Pathology, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Huslab, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timo Atula
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Caj Haglund
- Research Programs Unit, Translational Cancer Biology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Katri S Selander
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Juha Saarnio
- Department of Surgery, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Tuomo J Karttunen
- Department of Pathology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Petri P Lehenkari
- Department of Surgery, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.,Anatomy and Cell biology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Tuula Salo
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Dentistry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Pathology, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Alvarez-Arellano L, Cortés-Reynosa P, Sánchez-Zauco N, Salazar E, Torres J, Maldonado-Bernal C. TLR9 and NF-κB are partially involved in activation of human neutrophils by Helicobacter pylori and its purified DNA. PLoS One 2014; 9:e101342. [PMID: 24987851 PMCID: PMC4079333 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori infection represents one of the most common bacterial infections worldwide. The inflammatory response to this bacterium involves a large influx of neutrophils to the lamina propria of the gastric mucosa. However, little is known about the receptors and molecular mechanisms involved in activation of these neutrophils. In this study, we aimed to determine the role of toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) in the response of human neutrophils to H. pylori and purified H. pylori DNA (Hp-DNA). Neutrophils were isolated from the blood of adult volunteers and challenged with either H. pylori or Hp-DNA. We found that both, H. pylori and Hp-DNA induced increased expression and release of IL-8. Furthermore, we showed that TLR9 is involved in the induction of IL-8 production by H. pylori and Hp-DNA. IL-8 production induced by H. pylori but not by Hp-DNA was partially mediated by NF-κB. In conclusion, this study showed for first time that both, H. pylori and Hp-DNA activate TLR9 and induce a different inflammatory response that leads to activation of neutrophils.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes Alvarez-Arellano
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital de Pediatría del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, México
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunobiología del Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Pedro Cortés-Reynosa
- Departamento de Biología Celular del Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, México
| | - Norma Sánchez-Zauco
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital de Pediatría del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, México
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Inmunología y Proteómica, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, México
| | - Eduardo Salazar
- Departamento de Biología Celular del Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, México
| | - Javier Torres
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital de Pediatría del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, México
| | - Carmen Maldonado-Bernal
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital de Pediatría del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, México
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Inmunología y Proteómica, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, México
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Jiang DS, Wang YW, Jiang J, Li SM, Liang SZ, Fang HY. MicroRNA-26a involved in Toll-like receptor 9‑mediated lung cancer growth and migration. Int J Mol Med 2014; 34:307-12. [PMID: 24788552 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2014.1764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) has been shown to have a significant role in cancer. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a group of small non-coding RNAs that fine tune translation of multiple target mRNAs, are involved in the development and progression of human cancers. The present study was undertaken to determine the roles of TLR9 on lung cancer and whether miR-26a is involved in TLR9‑mediated lung cancer growth and migration. The lung cancer models were elicited by injecting human lung cancer cells into the left ventricle. The expression of TLR9 and miR-26a in lung cancer tissues obtained from lung cancer patients was increased. TLR9 ligand CpG-oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG-ODN) caused an increase in the mean tumor weight and the size of tumor mass in nude mice, and the proliferation and migration of H460 human lung cancer cells. CpG-ODN also induced an increase in the expression of miR-26a in H460 cells. The overexpression of miR-26a increased the weight and size of the tumor mass in the nude mice, and the proliferation and migration of H460 cells. Expression of phosphoinositide 3 kinase (PI3K) and phosphorylation of protein kinase B (Akt) was increased after miR-26a overexpression in the H460 cells. PI3K inhibitor wortmannin (WM) or Akt inhibitor triciribine hydrate (TCN) eliminated the increase in the proliferation and migration induced by the overexpression of miR-26a in H460 cells. These results suggested that miR-26a is involved in the TLR9‑mediated growth and migration of lung cancer through the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- De-Sheng Jiang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The 454 Hospital of PLA, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Wei Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The 454 Hospital of PLA, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Jing Jiang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The 454 Hospital of PLA, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Shu-Meng Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The 454 Hospital of PLA, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Shun-Zhi Liang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The 454 Hospital of PLA, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Yan Fang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The 454 Hospital of PLA, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Xiong H, Du W, Sun TT, Lin YW, Wang JL, Hong J, Fang JY. A positive feedback loop between STAT3 and cyclooxygenase-2 gene may contribute to Helicobacter pylori-associated human gastric tumorigenesis. Int J Cancer 2014; 134:2030-40. [PMID: 24127267 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Revised: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Persistent infection with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) contributes to gastric diseases including chronic gastritis and gastric cancer. However, the pathogenesis of this carcinogenic bacterium has not been completely elucidated. Here, we report that H. pylori rapidly triggers STAT3 signaling and induces STAT3-dependent COX-2 expression both in vitro and in vivo. STAT3 upregulates COX-2 by binding to and increasing the activity of COX-2 promoter. COX-2 in turn regulates IL-6/STAT3 signaling under basal conditions and during H. pylori infection. These findings suggest that a positive feedback loop between STAT3 and COX-2 exists in the basal condition and H. pylori infectious condition. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that H. pylori-positive gastritis tissues exhibited markedly higher levels of pSTAT3(Tyr705) than H. pylori-negative ones. High pSTAT3(Tyr705) levels are correlated with intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia, suggesting pSTAT3(Tyr705) may be useful in the early detection of gastric tumorigenesis. Additionally, a strong positive correlation between STAT3/pSTAT3(Tyr705) levels and COX-2 expression was identified in gastritis and gastric cancer tissues. Together, these findings provide new evidence for a positive feedback loop between STAT3 signaling and COX-2 in H. pylori pathogenesis and may lead to new approaches for early detection and effective therapy of gastric cancer
Collapse
|
49
|
Huang HL, Ko CH, Yan YY, Wang CK. Antiadhesion and anti-inflammation effects of noni (Morinda citrifolia) fruit extracts on AGS cells during Helicobacter pylori infection. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:2374-2383. [PMID: 24528133 DOI: 10.1021/jf405199w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is a human gastric pathogen that adheres to host cells and injects cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA) to induce interleukin-8 (IL-8), inducible nitric oxide (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2). Noni (Morinda citrifolia) is found to possess antibacteria, anti-inflammation, and antioxidation activities, but its effect on H. pylori infection is still unknown. Ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts of noni fruit were used in this study. The inhibitory effect on CagA and H. pylori-induced IL-8, iNOS, and COX-2 were determined. The coculture medium was collected for measuring neutrophil chemotaxis. Both extracts of noni fruit showed weak inhibition on H. pylori. Both ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts provided antiadhesion of H. pylori to AGS cells and down-regulation on the CagA, IL-8, COX-2, and iNOS expressions. Results also indicated both extracts relieved neutrophil chemotaxis. Noni fruit extracts down-regulated inflammatory responses during H. pylori infection, and the phenolic compounds play key role in antiadhesion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Lun Huang
- School of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University , 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo North Road, 40203 Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Barnie PA, Zhang P, Lu P, Chen X, Su Z, Wang S, Xu H. CpG-oligodeoxynucleotides suppress the proliferation of A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells via toll-like receptor 9 signaling and upregulation of Runt-related transcription factor 3 expression. Biomed Rep 2014; 2:374-377. [PMID: 24748977 PMCID: PMC3990193 DOI: 10.3892/br.2014.257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of CpG-oligodeoxynucelotides (CpG-ODN) on the proliferation of the A549 human lung adenocarcinoma cell line and the expression of Runt-related transcription factor 3 (Runx3) and investigate the association between the toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) signaling pathway and Runx3 expression during A549 cell proliferation. Different concentrations of CpG-ODN were used in this study to stimulate A549 cells and the expression of Runx3 at the mRNA or protein level was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction or western blot analysis. Moreover, Runx3 siRNA was synthesized and transiently transfected into the A549 cells and the MTT assay was used to detect the effects of CpG-ODN on transfected cell growth. Our data demonstrated that CpG-ODN significantly inhibited the proliferation of A549 cells. The expression of Runx3 in the mRNA and protein level was increased in A549 cells stimulated by CpG-ODN. The CpG-ODN-stimulated cell proliferation was significantly inhibited in Runx3 siRNA-transfected A549 cells. In conclusion, CpG-ODN may bind to TLR9, inhibit the proliferation of A549 cells and upregulate the expression of Runx3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prince Amoah Barnie
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Pan Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Ping Lu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, P.R. China
| | - Xiaobo Chen
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Zhaoliang Su
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Shengjun Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Huaxi Xu
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|