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Pan X, Kaminga AC, Kinra S, Wen SW, Liu H, Tan X, Liu A. Chemokines in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. Front Immunol 2022; 12:690082. [PMID: 35242125 PMCID: PMC8886728 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.690082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies suggested that chemokines may play an important role in the formation and mediation of immune microenvironments of patients affected by Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM). The aim of this study was to summarise available evidence on the associations of different chemokines with T1DM. Methods Following PRISMA guidelines, we systematically searched in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and Cochrane Library databases for studies on the associations of different chemokines with T1DM. The effect size of the associations were the standardized mean differences (SMDs) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of the chemokines concentrations, calculated as group differences between the T1DM patients and the controls. These were summarized using network meta-analysis, which was also used to rank the chemokines by surface under cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) probabilities. Results A total of 32 original studies on the association of different chemokines with T1DM were identified. Fifteen different chemokine nodes were compared between 15,683 T1DM patients and 15,128 controls, and 6 different chemokine receptor nodes were compared between 463 T1DM patients and 460 controls. Circulating samples (blood, serum, and plasma) showed that concentrations of CCL5 and CXCL1 were significantly higher in the T1DM patients than in the controls (SMD of 3.13 and 1.50, respectively). On the other hand, no significant difference in chemokine receptors between T1DM and controls was observed. SUCRA probabilities showed that circulating CCL5 had the highest rank in T1DM among all the chemokines investigated. Conclusion The results suggest that circulating CCL5 and CXCL1 may be promising novel biomarkers of T1DM. Future research should attempt to replicate these findings in longitudinal studies and explore potential mechanisms underlying this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiongfeng Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Atipatsa C Kaminga
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Mzuzu University, Mzuzu, Malawi
| | - Sanjay Kinra
- Departmentof Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Shi Wu Wen
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (OMNI) Research Group, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Ottawa Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Hongying Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xinrui Tan
- Department of Pediatrics, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Aizhong Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Fallahi P, Ferrari SM, Ragusa F, Ruffilli I, Elia G, Paparo SR, Antonelli A. Th1 Chemokines in Autoimmune Endocrine Disorders. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5683662. [PMID: 31863667 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgz289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The CXC chemokine receptor CXCR3 and its chemokines CXCL10, CXCL9, and CXCL11 are implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Here, we review these chemokines in autoimmune thyroiditis (AT), Graves disease (GD), thyroid eye disease (TED), type 1 diabetes (T1D), and Addison's disease (AAD). EVIDENCE ACQUISITION A PubMed review of the literature was conducted, searching for the above-mentioned chemokines in combination with AT, GD, TED, T1D, and AAD. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Thyroid follicular cells in AT and GD, retroorbital cells in TED (fibroblasts, preadipocytes, myoblasts), β cells and islets in T1D, and adrenal cells in AAD respond to interferon-γ (IFN-γ) stimulation producing large amounts of these chemokines. Furthermore, lymphocytes and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) are in part responsible for the secreted Th1 chemokines. In AT, GD, TED, T1D, and AAD, the circulating levels of these chemokines have been shown to be high. Furthermore, these chemokines have been associated with the early phases of the autoimmune response in all the above-mentioned disorders. High levels of these chemokines have been associated also with the "active phase" of the disease in GD, and also in TED. Other studies have shown an association with the severity of hypothyroidism in AD, of hyperthyroidism in GD, with severity of TED, or with fulminant T1D. CONCLUSION The reviewed data have shown the importance of the Th1 immune response in different endocrine autoimmune diseases, and many studies have suggested that CXCR3 and its chemokines might be considered as potential targets of new drugs for the treatment of these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poupak Fallahi
- Department of Translational Research of New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Ragusa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ilaria Ruffilli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giusy Elia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Antonelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Nigi L, Brusco N, Grieco GE, Licata G, Krogvold L, Marselli L, Gysemans C, Overbergh L, Marchetti P, Mathieu C, Dahl Jørgensen K, Sebastiani G, Dotta F. Pancreatic Alpha-Cells Contribute Together With Beta-Cells to CXCL10 Expression in Type 1 Diabetes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:630. [PMID: 33042009 PMCID: PMC7523508 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 10 (CXCL10) is a pro-inflammatory chemokine specifically recognized by the ligand receptor CXCR3 which is mostly expressed in T-lymphocytes. Although CXCL10 expression and secretion have been widely associated to pancreatic islets both in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice and in human type 1 diabetic (T1D) donors, the specific expression pattern among pancreatic endocrine cell subtypes has not been clarified yet. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to shed light on the pancreatic islet expression of CXCL10 in NOD, in C57Bl/6J and in NOD-SCID mice as well as in human T1D pancreata from new-onset T1D patients (DiViD study) compared to non-diabetic multiorgan donors from the INNODIA European Network for Pancreatic Organ Donors with Diabetes (EUnPOD). CXCL10 was expressed in pancreatic islets of normoglycaemic and new-onset diabetic NOD mice but not in C57Bl/6J and NOD-SCID mice. CXCL10 expression was increased in pancreatic islets of new-onset diabetic NOD mice compared to normoglycaemic NOD mice. In NOD mice, CXCL10 colocalized both with insulin and glucagon. Interestingly, CXCL10-glucagon colocalization rate was significantly increased in diabetic vs. normoglycaemic NOD mouse islets, indicating an increased expression of CXCL10 also in alpha-cells. CXCL10 was expressed in pancreatic islets of T1D patients but not in non-diabetic donors. The analysis of the expression pattern of CXCL10 in human T1D pancreata from DiViD study, revealed an increased colocalization rate with glucagon compared to insulin. Of note, CXCL10 was also expressed in alpha-cells residing in insulin-deficient islets (IDI), suggesting that CXCL10 expression in alpha cells is not driven by residual beta-cells and therefore may represent an independent phenomenon. In conclusion, we show that in T1D CXCL10 is expressed by alpha-cells both in NOD mice and in T1D patients, thus pointing to an additional novel role for alpha-cells in T1D pathogenesis and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Nigi
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Fondazione Umberto Di Mario, c/o Toscana Life Sciences, Siena, Italy
| | - Noemi Brusco
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Fondazione Umberto Di Mario, c/o Toscana Life Sciences, Siena, Italy
| | - Giuseppina E. Grieco
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Fondazione Umberto Di Mario, c/o Toscana Life Sciences, Siena, Italy
| | - Giada Licata
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Fondazione Umberto Di Mario, c/o Toscana Life Sciences, Siena, Italy
| | - Lars Krogvold
- Faculty of Odontology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lorella Marselli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Conny Gysemans
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology (CEE), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU LEUVEN), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lut Overbergh
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology (CEE), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU LEUVEN), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Piero Marchetti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Chantal Mathieu
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology (CEE), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU LEUVEN), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Knut Dahl Jørgensen
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Guido Sebastiani
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Fondazione Umberto Di Mario, c/o Toscana Life Sciences, Siena, Italy
| | - Francesco Dotta
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Fondazione Umberto Di Mario, c/o Toscana Life Sciences, Siena, Italy
- Tuscany Centre for Precision Medicine (CReMeP), Siena, Italy
- *Correspondence: Francesco Dotta
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Memory-like Liver Natural Killer Cells are Responsible for Islet Destruction in Secondary Islet Transplantation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1022. [PMID: 30705364 PMCID: PMC6355863 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37395-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously demonstrated the pivotal role of natural killer (NK) cells in islet graft loss during the early phase after intraportal syngeneic islet transplantation (IT). Liver-resident DX5- NK cells were reported to possess memory-like properties, distinguishing them from conventional DX5+ NK cells. Here, we investigated the impact of primary IT-induced liver DX5- NK cells on the engraftment of secondary-transplanted islets in mice. The culture of liver NK cells isolated from naive mice with TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-lβ, mimicking instant blood-mediated inflammatory reaction, led to significantly increased DX5- NK cell percentage among total liver NK cells. Consistently, the prolonged expansion of DX5- CD69+ TRAIL+ CXCR3+ NK cells was observed after intraportal IT of 300 syngeneic islets (marginal mass). In most diabetic mice, 400 syngeneic islets of primary IT were sufficient to achieve normoglycaemia, whereas the same mass after secondary IT failed to induce normoglycaemia in mice that received 200 syngeneic islets during primary IT. These findings indicated that liver-resident DX5- NK cells significantly expanded even after syngeneic IT, and that these memory-like NK cells may target both originally engrafted and secondary-transplanted islets. Furthermore, anti-TNF-α treatment suppressed the expansion of liver-resident DX5- NK cells, resulting in successful islet engraftment after sequential ITs.
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Chellappan DK, Sivam NS, Teoh KX, Leong WP, Fui TZ, Chooi K, Khoo N, Yi FJ, Chellian J, Cheng LL, Dahiya R, Gupta G, Singhvi G, Nammi S, Hansbro PM, Dua K. Gene therapy and type 1 diabetes mellitus. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 108:1188-1200. [PMID: 30372820 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.09.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by T cell-mediated self-destruction of insulin-secreting islet β cells. Management of T1DM is challenging and complicated especially with conventional medications. Gene therapy has emerged as one of the potential therapeutic alternatives to treat T1DM. This review primarily focuses on the current status and the future perspectives of gene therapy in the management of T1DM. A vast number of the studies which are reported on gene therapy for the management of T1DM are done in animal models and in preclinical studies. In addition, the safety of such therapies is yet to be established in humans. Currently, there are several gene level interventions that are being investigated, notably, overexpression of genes and proteins needed against T1DM, transplantation of cells that express the genes against T1DM, stem-cells mediated gene therapy, genetic vaccination, immunological precursor cell-mediated gene therapy and vectors. METHODS We searched the current literature through searchable online databases, journals and other library sources using relevant keywords and search parameters. Only relevant publications in English, between the years 2000 and 2018, with evidences and proper citations, were considered. The publications were then analyzed and segregated into several subtopics based on common words and content. A total of 126 studies were found suitable for this review. FINDINGS Generally, the pros and cons of each of the gene-based therapies have been discussed based on the results collected from the literature. However, there are certain interventions that require further detailed studies to ensure their effectiveness. We have also highlighted the future direction and perspectives in gene therapy, which, researchers could benefit from.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Kumar Chellappan
- Department of Life Sciences, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, 57000, Malaysia.
| | - Nandhini S Sivam
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, 57000, Malaysia
| | - Kai Xiang Teoh
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, 57000, Malaysia
| | - Wai Pan Leong
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, 57000, Malaysia
| | - Tai Zhen Fui
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, 57000, Malaysia
| | - Kien Chooi
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, 57000, Malaysia
| | - Nico Khoo
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, 57000, Malaysia
| | - Fam Jia Yi
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, 57000, Malaysia
| | - Jestin Chellian
- Department of Life Sciences, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, 57000, Malaysia
| | - Lim Lay Cheng
- Department of Life Sciences, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, 57000, Malaysia
| | - Rajiv Dahiya
- Laboratory of Peptide Research and Development, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jaipur National University, Jagatpura, 302017, Jaipur, India.
| | - Gautam Singhvi
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science (BITS), Pilani, Pilani Campus, 333031, Rajasthan, India
| | - Srinivas Nammi
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, NSW, 2751, Australia; NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Philip Michael Hansbro
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo NSW, 2007, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia & Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, 2305, Australia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo NSW, 2007, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia & Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, 2305, Australia; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173229, India
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Gálvez-Cancino F, Roco J, Rojas-Colonelli N, Flores C, Murgas P, Cruz-Gómez S, Oyarce C, Varas-Godoy M, Sauma D, Lladser A. A short hairpin RNA-based adjuvant targeting NF-κB repressor IκBα promotes migration of dermal dendritic cells to draining lymph nodes and antitumor CTL responses induced by DNA vaccination. Vaccine 2017; 35:4148-4154. [PMID: 28666759 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
DNA vaccination is an attractive approach to elicit tumor-specific cytotoxic CD8+ T lymphocytes (CTL), which can mediate protective immunity against tumors. To initiate CTL responses, antigen-encoding plasmids employed for DNA vaccination need to activate dendritic cells (DC) through the stimulation of DNA-sensing innate immune receptors that converge in the activation of the master transcription factor NF-κB. To this end, NF-κB repressor IκBα needs to be degraded, allowing NF-κB to translocate to the nucleus and transcribe proinflammatory target genes, as well as its repressor IκBα. Therefore, NF-κB activation is self-limited by de novo synthesis of IκBa, which sequesters NF-κB in the cytosol. Hence, we tested whether co-delivering a shRNA-based adjuvant able to silence IκBα expression would further promote DNA-induced NFκB activation, DC activation and tumor-protective CTL responses induced by DNA vaccination in a preclinical model. First, an IκBα-targeting shRNA plasmid (shIκBα) was shown to reduce IκBα expression and promote NFκB-driven transcription in vitro, as well as up-regulate inflammatory target genes in vivo. Then, we showed that intradermal DNA electroporation induced the migration of skin migratory dendritic cells to draining lymph nodes and maturation of dermal dendritic cells (dDC). Interestingly, shIκBα further promoted the migration of mature skin migratory dendritic cells, in particular dDC, which are specialized in antigen cross-presentation and activation of CD8+ T cells. Consistently, mice vaccinated with a plasmid encoding the melanoma-associated antigen tyrosinase-related protein 2 (TRP2) in combination with shIκBα enhanced TRP2-specific CTL responses and reduced the number of lung melanoma foci in mice challenged with intravenous injection of B16F10 cells. Moreover, therapeutic vaccination with pTRP2 and shIκBα delayed the growth of B16F10 melanoma subcutaneous tumors. Our data suggest that adjuvants promoting NF-κB activation represent an attractive strategy to boost DC activation and promote the generation of tumor-protective CTL responses elicited by DNA vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Gálvez-Cancino
- Laboratorio de Inmunoterapia Génica, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Av. Zañartu 1482, Santiago 7780272, Chile
| | - Jonathan Roco
- Laboratorio de Inmunoterapia Génica, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Av. Zañartu 1482, Santiago 7780272, Chile
| | - Nicole Rojas-Colonelli
- Laboratorio de Inmunoterapia Génica, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Av. Zañartu 1482, Santiago 7780272, Chile
| | - Camila Flores
- Laboratorio de Inmunoterapia Génica, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Av. Zañartu 1482, Santiago 7780272, Chile
| | - Paola Murgas
- Laboratorio de Inmunoterapia Génica, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Av. Zañartu 1482, Santiago 7780272, Chile
| | - Sebastián Cruz-Gómez
- Laboratorio de Inmunoterapia Génica, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Av. Zañartu 1482, Santiago 7780272, Chile
| | - César Oyarce
- Laboratorio de Inmunoterapia Génica, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Av. Zañartu 1482, Santiago 7780272, Chile
| | - Manuel Varas-Godoy
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniela Sauma
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alvaro Lladser
- Laboratorio de Inmunoterapia Génica, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Av. Zañartu 1482, Santiago 7780272, Chile.
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Antonelli A, Ferrari SM, Corrado A, Ferrannini E, Fallahi P. CXCR3, CXCL10 and type 1 diabetes. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2014; 25:57-65. [PMID: 24529741 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2014.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is due to antigen-specific assaults on the insulin producing pancreatic β-cells by diabetogenic T-helper (Th)1 cells. (C-X-C motif) ligand (CXCL)10, an interferon-γ inducible Th1 chemokine, and its receptor, (C-X-C motif) receptor (CXCR)3, have an important role in different autoimmune diseases. High circulating CXCL10 levels were detected in new onset T1D patients, in association with a Th1 autoimmune response. Furthermore β-cells produce CXCL10, under the influence of Th1 cytokines, that suppresses their proliferation. Viral β-cells infections induce cytokines and CXCL10 expression, inducing insulin-producing cell failure in T1D. CXCL10/CXCR3 system plays a critical role in the autoimmune process and in β-cells destruction in T1D. Blocking CXCL10 in new onset diabetes seems a possible approach for T1D treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Antonelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Savi, 10, I-56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Silvia Martina Ferrari
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Savi, 10, I-56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Alda Corrado
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Savi, 10, I-56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Ele Ferrannini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Savi, 10, I-56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Poupak Fallahi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Savi, 10, I-56126 Pisa, Italy.
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Antonelli A, Ferrari SM, Giuggioli D, Ferrannini E, Ferri C, Fallahi P. Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand (CXCL)10 in autoimmune diseases. Autoimmun Rev 2013; 13:272-80. [PMID: 24189283 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2013.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 402] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
(C-X-C motif) ligand (CXCL)10 (CXCL10) belongs to the ELR(-) CXC subfamily chemokine. CXCL10 exerts its function through binding to chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 3 (CXCR3), a seven trans-membrane receptor coupled to G proteins. CXCL10 and its receptor, CXCR3, appear to contribute to the pathogenesis of many autoimmune diseases, organ specific (such as type 1 diabetes, autoimmune thyroiditis, Graves' disease and ophthalmopathy), or systemic (such as rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, mixed cryoglobulinemia, Sjögren syndrome, or systemic sclerosis). The secretion of CXCL10 by cluster of differentiation (CD)4+, CD8+, natural killer (NK) and NK-T cells is dependent on interferon (IFN)-γ, which is itself mediated by the interleukin-12 cytokine family. Under the influence of IFN-γ, CXCL10 is secreted by several cell types including endothelial cells, fibroblasts, keratinocytes, thyrocytes, preadipocytes, etc. Determination of high level of CXCL10 in peripheral fluids is therefore a marker of host immune response, especially T helper (Th)1 orientated T-cells. In tissues, recruited Th1 lymphocytes may be responsible for enhanced IFN-γ and tumor necrosis factor-α production, which in turn stimulates CXCL10 secretion from a variety of cells, therefore creating an amplification feedback loop, and perpetuating the autoimmune process. Further studies are needed to investigate interactions between chemokines and cytokines in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases and to evaluate whether CXCL10 is a novel therapeutic target in various autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Antonelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Savi, 10, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Silvia Martina Ferrari
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Savi, 10, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Dilia Giuggioli
- Department of Medical, Surgical, Maternal, Pediatric and Adult Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via del Pozzo, 71, 41100 Modena, Italy.
| | - Ele Ferrannini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Savi, 10, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Clodoveo Ferri
- Department of Medical, Surgical, Maternal, Pediatric and Adult Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via del Pozzo, 71, 41100 Modena, Italy.
| | - Poupak Fallahi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Savi, 10, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
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Dahllöf MS, Christensen DP, Lundh M, Dinarello CA, Mascagni P, Grunnet LG, Mandrup-Poulsen T. The lysine deacetylase inhibitor Givinostat inhibits β-cell IL-1β induced IL-1β transcription and processing. Islets 2012; 4:417-22. [PMID: 23486342 PMCID: PMC3605170 DOI: 10.4161/isl.23541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, in particular IL-1β, IFNγ, and CXCL10, contribute to β-cell failure and loss in DM via IL-1R, IFNγR, and TLR4 signaling. IL-1 signaling deficiency reduces diabetes incidence, islet IL-1β secretion, and hyperglycemia in animal models of diabetes. Further, IL-1R antagonism improves normoglycemia and β-cell function in type 2 diabetic patients. Inhibition of lysine deacetylases (KDACi) counteracts β-cell toxicity induced by the combination of IL-1 and IFNγ and reduces diabetes incidence in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice. We hypothesized that KDACi breaks an autoinflammatory circuit by differentially preventing β-cell expression of the β-cell toxic inflammatory molecules IL-1β and CXCL10 induced by single cytokines. RESULTS CXCL10 did not induce transcription of IL-1β mRNA. IL-1β induced β-cell IL-1β mRNA and both IL-1β and IFNγ individually induced Cxcl10 mRNA transcription. Givinostat inhibited IL-1β-induced IL-1β mRNA expression in INS-1 and rat islets and IL-1β processing in INS-1 cells. Givinostat also reduced IFNγ induced Cxcl10 transcription in INS-1 cells but not in rat islets, while IL-1β induced Cxcl10 transcription was unaffected in both. MATERIALS AND METHODS INS-1 cells and rat islets of Langerhans were exposed to IL-1β, IFNγ or CXCL10 in the presence or absence of KDACi (givinostat). Cytokine and chemokine mRNA expressions were quantified by real-time qPCR, and IL-1β processing by western blotting of cell lysates. CONCLUSION/INTERPRETATION Inhibition of β-cell IL-1β expression and processing and Cxcl10 transcription contributes to the β-cell protective actions of KDACi. In vitro β-cell destructive effects of CXCL10 are not mediated via IL-1β transcription. The differential proinflammatory actions of KDACs may be attractive novel drug targets in DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattias S. Dahllöf
- Endocrinology Research Section; Department of Biomedical Sciences; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dan P. Christensen
- Endocrinology Research Section; Department of Biomedical Sciences; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten Lundh
- Endocrinology Research Section; Department of Biomedical Sciences; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Charles A. Dinarello
- Italfarmaco; SpA; Cinisello Balsamo, Italy
- Department of Medicine; University of Colorado, Denver; Aurora, CO USA
| | - Paolo Mascagni
- Department of Medicine; University of Colorado, Denver; Aurora, CO USA
| | - Lars G. Grunnet
- Endocrinology Research Section; Department of Biomedical Sciences; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk; Måløv, Denmark
| | - Thomas Mandrup-Poulsen
- Endocrinology Research Section; Department of Biomedical Sciences; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm, Sweden
- Correspondence to: Thomas Mandrup-Poulsen,
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10
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Ahmadi Z, Arababadi MK, Hassanshahi G. CXCL10 Activities, Biological Structure, and Source Along with Its Significant Role Played in Pathophysiology of Type I Diabetes Mellitus. Inflammation 2012; 36:364-71. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-012-9555-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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11
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Leconet W, Petit P, Peraldi-Roux S, Bresson D. Nonviral delivery of small interfering RNA into pancreas-associated immune cells prevents autoimmune diabetes. Mol Ther 2012; 20:2315-25. [PMID: 22990670 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2012.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of small interfering RNA (siRNA) for the treatment of human disorders has been often hampered by their low transfection efficiency in vivo. In order to overcome this major drawback, various in vivo siRNA transfection methods have been developed. However, their capacity to transfect immune or insulin-producing β-cells within the pancreas for the treatment of autoimmune diabetes remains undetermined. We found that lipid- or polyethylenimine-based delivery agents were efficient to address siRNA molecules within pancreas-associated antigen-presenting cells (APCs) (but not β-cells) and particularly a CD11b(+) cell population comprising both CD11b(+)CD11c(neg) macrophages and CD11b(+)CD11c(+) dendritic cells. However, the route of administration and the carrier composition greatly affected the transfection efficacy. Therapeutically, we showed that early (starting at 6-week-old) short-course treatment with lipid/Alox15-specific siRNA complex promoted long-term protection from type 1 diabetes (T1D) in wild-type (WT) nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice. Alox15 downregulation in pancreas-associated CD11b(+) cells significantly upregulated a variety of costimulatory molecules and particularly the programmed death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) pathway involved in tolerance induction. Concomitantly, we found that regulatory T cells were increased in the pancreas of lipid/Alox15 siRNA-treated NOD mice. Collectively, our data provide new insights into the development of siRNA-based therapeutics for T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilhem Leconet
- Diabetes Center, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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12
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Yamada Y, Okubo Y, Shimada A, Oikawa Y, Yamada S, Narumi S, Matsushima K, Itoh H. Acceleration of diabetes development in CXC chemokine receptor 3 (CXCR3)-deficient NOD mice. Diabetologia 2012; 55:2238-45. [PMID: 22487925 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-012-2547-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2011] [Accepted: 03/05/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The aim of this study was to understand the role of CXC chemokine receptor 3 (CXCR3), a T-helper 1(Th1) type chemokine receptor, in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes. METHODS We observed the incidence of diabetes in Cxcr3 homozygous knockout mice. We compared the expression pattern of various cytokines and chemokines and the frequency of FOXP3(+) cells in the pancreas and pancreatic lymph nodes from Cxcr3 ( -/- ) NOD mice and wild-type NOD mice. In addition, we observed the migration ability of CXCR3(+)CD4(+) cells to pancreatic islets upon adoptive transfer. Finally, we examined whether Cxcr3 (+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) actually suppressed the onset of diabetes in vivo. RESULTS Cxcr3 ( -/- ) NOD mice developed spontaneous diabetes earlier than did wild-type NOD mice. In Cxcr3 ( -/- ) NOD mice, Tregs were more frequent in pancreatic lymph nodes and less frequent in pancreatic islets than in wild-type NOD mice. While transferred CXCR3(-)CD4(+) cells from wild-type NOD mice did not infiltrate pancreatic islets of NOD-severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice, CXCR3(+)CD4(+) cells from the same mice migrated into the recipient islets and contained Forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) upon adoptive transfer. Moreover, CD4(+)CD25(+) cells from wild-type NOD mice suppressed and delayed the onset of diabetes compared with those from Cxcr3 ( -/- ) NOD mice in a cyclophosphamide-induced diabetes model system. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION The mechanism of accelerated diabetes onset in Cxcr3 ( -/- ) NOD mice was considered to be due to the lack of hybrid Tregs (CXCR3(+)FOXP3(+)CD4(+) cells), which could effectively migrate into and regulate Th1 inflammation in local lesions under Cxcr3 knockout conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Yamada
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
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13
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Sarkar SA, Lee CE, Victorino F, Nguyen TT, Walters JA, Burrack A, Eberlein J, Hildemann SK, Homann D. Expression and regulation of chemokines in murine and human type 1 diabetes. Diabetes 2012; 61:436-46. [PMID: 22210319 PMCID: PMC3266427 DOI: 10.2337/db11-0853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
More than one-half of the ~50 human chemokines have been associated with or implicated in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes, yet their actual expression patterns in the islet environment of type 1 diabetic patients remain, at present, poorly defined. Here, we have integrated a human islet culture system, murine models of virus-induced and spontaneous type 1 diabetes, and the histopathological examination of pancreata from diabetic organ donors with the goal of providing a foundation for the informed selection of potential therapeutic targets within the chemokine/receptor family. Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand (CCL) 5 (CCL5), CCL8, CCL22, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand (CXCL) 9 (CXCL9), CXCL10, and chemokine (C-X3-C motif) ligand (CX3CL) 1 (CX3CL1) were the major chemokines transcribed (in an inducible nitric oxide synthase-dependent but not nuclear factor-κB-dependent fashion) and translated by human islet cells in response to in vitro inflammatory stimuli. CXCL10 was identified as the dominant chemokine expressed in vivo in the islet environment of prediabetic animals and type 1 diabetic patients, whereas CCL5, CCL8, CXCL9, and CX3CL1 proteins were present at lower levels in the islets of both species. Of importance, additional expression of the same chemokines in human acinar tissues emphasizes an underappreciated involvement of the exocrine pancreas in the natural course of type 1 diabetes that will require consideration for additional type 1 diabetes pathogenesis and immune intervention studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suparna A. Sarkar
- Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Catherine E. Lee
- Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Francisco Victorino
- Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
- Integrated Department of Immunology, University of Colorado Denver and National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Tom T. Nguyen
- Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Jay A. Walters
- Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Adam Burrack
- Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
- Integrated Department of Immunology, University of Colorado Denver and National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Jens Eberlein
- Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | | | - Dirk Homann
- Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
- Integrated Department of Immunology, University of Colorado Denver and National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
- Corresponding author: Dirk Homann,
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14
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Tada A, Shimada A, Yamada T, Oikawa Y, Yamada Y, Okubo Y, Irie J, Bluestone JA, Itoh H. A mimic of viral double-stranded RNA triggers fulminant type 1 diabetes-like syndrome in regulatory T cell-deficient autoimmune diabetic mouse. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 187:4947-53. [PMID: 21967896 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1000837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Human fulminant type 1 diabetes (FT1D) is an extremely aggressive disease. The delay of proper diagnosis results in high mortality. However, the pathophysiology of this disease remains unclear. We took advantage of CD28-deficient NOD (CD28(-/-) NOD) mice, which have limited numbers of regulatory T cells and develop aggressive autoimmune diabetes, to create a FT1D model that mimicked the disease in humans. Young CD28(-/-) NOD mice were injected with polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid to activate innate immunity in an effort to induce diabetes onset. In this model, innate immune cell activation precedes the onset of diabetes similar to ∼70% of FT1D patients. Eighty-three percent of CD28(-/-) NOD mice developed diabetes within 1-6 d after injection of polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid. Moreover, T cells infiltrated the pancreatic exocrine tissue and destroyed α cells, an observation characteristic of human FT1D. We conclude that an FT1D-like phenotype can be induced in the background of autoimmune diabetes by a mimic of viral dsRNA, and this model is useful for understanding human FT1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Tada
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
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15
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Chaparro RJ, Dilorenzo TP. An update on the use of NOD mice to study autoimmune (Type 1) diabetes. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2011; 6:939-55. [PMID: 20979558 DOI: 10.1586/eci.10.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The widely used nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse model of autoimmune (Type 1) diabetes mellitus shares multiple characteristics with the human disease, and studies employing this model continue to yield clinically relevant and important information. Here, we review some of the recent key findings obtained from NOD mouse investigations that have both advanced our understanding of disease pathogenesis and suggested new therapeutic targets and approaches. Areas discussed include antigen discovery, identification of genes and pathways contributing to disease susceptibility, development of strategies to image islet inflammation and the testing of therapeutics. We also review recent technical advances that, combined with an improved understanding of the NOD mouse model's limitations, should work to ensure its popularity, utility and relevance in the years ahead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolfo José Chaparro
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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16
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Imai T, Oikawa Y, Shimada A, Oguchi S, Takamiya Y, Katsuki T, Okubo Y, Osaki T, Tahara H, Matsushima Y, Miyazaki JI, Itoh H. Proatherogenic Effect of Interleukin-18 is Exerted with High-fat Diet, but not with Normal Diet in Spontaneously Hyperlipidemic Mice. J Atheroscler Thromb 2011; 18:1090-101. [DOI: 10.5551/jat.7567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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17
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Johnson MC, Wang B, Tisch R. Genetic vaccination for re-establishing T-cell tolerance in type 1 diabetes. HUMAN VACCINES 2011; 7:27-36. [PMID: 21157183 DOI: 10.4161/hv.7.1.12848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a T-cell mediated autoimmune disease resulting in the destruction of the insulin-secreting β cells. Currently, there is no established clinical approach to effectively suppress long-term the diabetogenic response. Genetic-based vaccination offers a general strategy to reestablish β-cell specific tolerance within the T-cell compartment. The transfer of genes encoding β-cell autoantigens, anti-inflammatory cytokines and/or immunomodulatory proteins has proven to be effective at preventing and suppressing the diabetogenic response in animal models of T1D. The current review will discuss genetic approaches to prevent and treat T1D with an emphasis on plasmid DNA- and adeno-associated virus-based vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark C Johnson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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18
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Oikawa Y, Shimada A, Yamada Y, Okubo Y, Katsuki T, Shigihara T, Miyazaki JI, Narumi S, Itoh H. CXC chemokine ligand 10 DNA vaccination plus Complete Freund's Adjuvant reverses hyperglycemia in non-obese diabetic mice. Rev Diabet Stud 2010; 7:209-24. [PMID: 21409313 DOI: 10.1900/rds.2010.7.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA) is known to arrest autoimmune diabetes development in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice. However, CFA alone cannot induce effective remission in diabetic NOD mice. Previously, we reported that anti-CXC chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10) antibody can promote beta-cell proliferation in NOD mice. In the present study, we aimed to examine whether anti-CXCL10 plus CFA treatment can effectively reverse autoimmune diabetes development. METHODS Systemic supply of anti-CXCL10 antibody by CXCL10 DNA vaccination in combination with CFA injection was performed in new-onset diabetic NOD mice. Remission rate of diabetes, histological characteristics of residual insulitis lesions, residual beta-cell mass, and regulatory T cell population in local pancreas were examined. RESULTS A high frequency of diabetes reversal was observed after combination treatment with anti-CXCL10 plus CFA. In mice showing diabetes reversal, residual beta-cell mass was significantly increased, and some beta-cells were in a proliferative state. Although systemic cytokine profiles were unaffected, the frequency of "hybrid regulatory T cells", i.e. regulatory T cells expressing CXCR3, was significantly increased in local pancreatic lesions. This was possibly associated with the regulation of anti-islet autoimmunity. CONCLUSIONS Anti-CXCL10 plus appropriate immune adjuvant therapy arrested, and reversed, type 1 diabetes development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichi Oikawa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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19
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Shimada A, Oikawa Y, Yamada Y, Okubo Y, Narumi S. The role of the CXCL10/CXCR3 system in type 1 diabetes. Rev Diabet Stud 2009; 6:81-4. [PMID: 19806237 DOI: 10.1900/rds.2009.6.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite intervention with insulin, type 1 diabetes gradually deteriorates the patients' quality of life. The disease is characterized by an immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic beta-cells. Its etiology, however, remains controversial. Some studies argue that glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) antigen and GAD-reactive T cells are critical players in the development of diabetes by affecting the Th cell balance. A T-helper 1 (Th1)-dominant immune response is considered to be important in beta-cell failure in both human and animal models of type 1 diabetes. The Th1-type chemokine, CXCL10, and its receptor, CXCR3, are involved not only in the immune response, but also in the suppression of beta-cell proliferation. Thus, understanding the CXCL10/CXCR3 system may be important for finding a cure. In this short review, we discuss the role of the CXCL10/CXCR3 system in type 1 diabetes and propose relevant treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Shimada
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
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20
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Induction of anti-whole GAD65 reactivity in vivo results in disease suppression in type 1 diabetes. J Autoimmun 2009; 32:104-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2009.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2008] [Revised: 12/16/2008] [Accepted: 01/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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21
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Martin AP, Grisotto MG, Canasto-Chibuque C, Kunkel SL, Bromberg JS, Furtado GC, Lira SA. Islet expression of M3 uncovers a key role for chemokines in the development and recruitment of diabetogenic cells in NOD mice. Diabetes 2008; 57:387-94. [PMID: 18003753 DOI: 10.2337/db07-1309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease characterized by a local inflammatory reaction in and around islets followed by selective destruction of insulin-secreting beta-cells. We tested the hypothesis that chemokines affect different mechanisms responsible for the development of diabetes in NOD mice. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We examined chemokine expression in islets of NOD mice and tested their functional relevance to development of diabetes using transgenic mice expressing the mouse herpesvirus 68-encoded chemokine decoy receptor M3 (NOD-M3 mice) in insulin-secreting beta-cells. RESULTS Multiple chemokines were expressed in pancreatic islets of NOD mice before development of diabetes. Islet-specific expression of the pan-chemokine inhibitor M3 dramatically reduced leukocyte infiltration and islet destruction and completely blocked development of diabetes in NOD-M3 mice. M3 blocked diabetes by inhibiting the priming of diabetogenic cells in the pancreatic lymph nodes and their recruitment into the islets. This effect was specific to the pancreatic islets because M3 expression did not affect other ongoing autoimmune processes. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that chemokines mediate afferent and efferent immunity in type 1 diabetes and suggest that broad chemokine blockade may represent a viable strategy to prevent insulitis and islet destruction.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Crosses, Genetic
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/pathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/physiopathology
- Insulin/genetics
- Islets of Langerhans/metabolism
- Islets of Langerhans/physiopathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred DBA
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, SCID
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Rats
- Receptors, Chemokine/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea P Martin
- Immunology Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, 1425 Madison Ave., Box 1630, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA
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22
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Yoneyama H, Kai Y, Koyama J, Suzuki K, Kawachi H, Narumi S, Ichida T. Neutralization of CXCL10 accelerates liver regeneration in carbon tetrachloride-induced acute liver injury. Med Mol Morphol 2007; 40:191-7. [PMID: 18085377 DOI: 10.1007/s00795-007-0371-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2007] [Accepted: 06/04/2007] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Remodeling of hepatic tissue structure following injury requires the coordinated action of hepatocytes, hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), and endothelial cells. However, their in vivo properties are not fully understood. We report here that the chemokine CXCL10 regulates hepatic tissue remodeling in a carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4))-induced acute liver injury in mice. The production of CXCL10 was enhanced by hepatocytes after CCl(4) exposure. Neutralization of CXCL10 protected mice from acute liver dysfunction and diminished hepatocellular loss. The hepatoprotective effect was associated with increased numbers of 5'-bromo-2' deoxyuridine (BrdU)+ hepatocytes from day 1 and with accumulation of HSCs and endothelial cells within the injured zones from day 3. In vitro, recombinant CXCL10 directly inhibited the proliferation of hepatocytic cells, establishing a novel role of CXCL10 in modulating hepatocyte proliferation, in addition to a previously reported angiostatic role. In summary, neutralization of CXCL10 initially stimulates hepatocyte proliferation and, subsequently, HSC migration and angiogenesis to facilitate remodeling of hepatic cords. Thus, CXCL10 can be a novel therapeutic target for acute hepatocellular damage by regulating liver tissue remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Yoneyama
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Dynamism, Stelic Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Stelic Institute & Co., 1-9-15 Higashi-azabu, Mihato-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
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23
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Danesh A, Seneviratne C, Cameron CM, Banner D, Devries ME, Kelvin AA, Xu L, Ran L, Bosinger SE, Rowe T, Czub M, Jonsson CB, Cameron MJ, Kelvin DJ. Cloning, expression and characterization of ferret CXCL10. Mol Immunol 2007; 45:1288-97. [PMID: 18006061 PMCID: PMC5653245 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2007.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2007] [Revised: 09/12/2007] [Accepted: 09/13/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Chemokines and their receptors function in the recruitment and activation of cells of the immune system to sites of inflammation. As such, chemokines play an important role in mediating pathophysiological events during microbial infection. In particular, CXCL9, CXCL10 and CXCL11 and their cognate receptor CXCR3 have been associated with the clinical course of several infectious diseases, including severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and influenza. While CXCL9, CXCL10 and CXCL11 share the same receptor and have overlapping functions, each can also have unique activity in host defense. The lack of a preferred characterized animal model for SARS has brought our attention to ferrets, which have been used for years in influenza studies. The lack of immunological reagents for ferrets prompted us to clone CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11 and CXCR3 and, in the case of CXCL10, to express the gene as a recombinant protein. In this study we demonstrate that endogenous ferret CXCL10 exhibits similar mRNA expression patterns in the lungs of deceased SARS patients and ferrets experimentally infected with SARS coronavirus. This study therefore represents an important step towards development of the ferret as a model for the role of CXCL9, CXCL10 and CXCL11:CXCR3 axis in severe viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Danesh
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1L7
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Charit Seneviratne
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1L7
| | - Cheryl M. Cameron
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1L7
| | - David Banner
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1L7
| | - Mark E. Devries
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1L7
| | - Alyson A. Kelvin
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1L7
| | - Luoling Xu
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1L7
| | - Longsi Ran
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1L7
| | - Steven E. Bosinger
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1L7
| | - Thomas Rowe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Southern Research Institute, Birmingham, AL 35205, USA
| | - Marcus Czub
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Canadian Science Center for Human and Animal Health, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3E 3R2
| | - Colleen B. Jonsson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Southern Research Institute, Birmingham, AL 35205, USA
| | - Mark J. Cameron
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1L7
| | - David J. Kelvin
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1L7
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Southern Research Institute, Birmingham, AL 35205, USA
- Corresponding author at: Toronto General Research Institute, Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Toronto General Hospital, TMDT, 101 College Street, 3rd Floor, Room 913, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1L7. Tel.: +1 416 581 7608; fax: +1 416 581 7606.
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Shigihara T, Okubo Y, Kanazawa Y, Oikawa Y, Shimada A. Thiazolidinediones May Not Reduce Diabetes Incidence in Type 1 Diabetes. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2006; 1079:365-8. [PMID: 17130580 DOI: 10.1196/annals.1375.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Thiazolidinediones improve glycemic control by reducing insulin resistance. Some studies have demonstrated that troglitazone had a preventative effect on diabetes in NOD (non-obese diabetic) mice. One of the mechanisms proposed for the prevention of diabetes by thiazolidinediones is an effect on T-helper 1/T-helper 2 (Th1/Th2) balance. In this article, we attempted to clarify whether pioglitazone is also effective in preventing diabetes as compared to metformin, which has no immunological effect. Female NOD mice were administered pioglitazone or metformin orally, and the insulitis score, cytokines secreted from splenocytes, cytokine expression levels in the pancreas, and the incidence of diabetes after acceleration by cyclophosphamide were analyzed. We could not find any advantage of pioglitazone in preventing Th1 skewing and the development of diabetes over metformin. Therefore, further research should take place before the application of thiazolidinediones to human slowly progressive insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (SPIDDM) patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshikatsu Shigihara
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
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