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Zhang M, Xia L, Peng W, Xie G, Li F, Zhang C, Syeda MZ, Hu Y, Lan F, Yan F, Jin Z, Du X, Han Y, Lv B, Wang Y, Li M, Fei X, Zhao Y, Chen K, Chen Y, Li W, Chen Z, Zhou Q, Zhang M, Ying S, Shen H. CCL11/CCR3-dependent eosinophilia alleviates malignant pleural effusions and improves prognosis. NPJ Precis Oncol 2024; 8:138. [PMID: 38951159 PMCID: PMC11217290 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-024-00608-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Malignant pleural effusion (MPE) is a common occurrence in advanced cancer and is often linked with a poor prognosis. Eosinophils were reported to involve in the development of MPE. However, the role of eosinophils in MPE remains unclear. To investigate this, we conducted studies using both human samples and mouse models. Increased eosinophil counts were observed in patients with MPE, indicating that the higher the number of eosinophils is, the lower the LENT score is. In our animal models, eosinophils were found to migrate to pleural cavity actively upon exposure to tumor cells. Intriguingly, we discovered that a deficiency in eosinophils exacerbated MPE, possibly due to their anti-tumor effects generated by modifying the microenvironment of MPE. Furthermore, our experiments explored the role of the C-C motif chemokine ligand 11 (CCL11) and its receptor C-C motif chemokine receptor 3 (CCR3) in MPE pathology. As a conclusion, our study underscores the protective potential of eosinophils against the development of MPE, and that an increase in eosinophils through adoptive transfer of eosinophils or increasing their numbers improved MPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lixia Xia
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenbei Peng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Guogang Xie
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Madiha Zahra Syeda
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yue Hu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fen Lan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fugui Yan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhangchu Jin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xufei Du
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yinling Han
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Baihui Lv
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuejue Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Miao Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xia Fei
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yun Zhao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kaijun Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yan Chen
- International Institutes of Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, 322000, China
| | - Wen Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhihua Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiong Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China.
| | - Songmin Ying
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China.
- International Institutes of Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, 322000, China.
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Huahao Shen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China.
- State Key Lab for Respiratory Diseases, National Clinical Research Centre for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China.
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Ye Z, Cheng P, Huang Q, Hu J, Huang L, Hu G. Immunocytes interact directly with cancer cells in the tumor microenvironment: one coin with two sides and future perspectives. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1388176. [PMID: 38840908 PMCID: PMC11150710 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1388176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment is closely linked to the initiation, promotion, and progression of solid tumors. Among its constitutions, immunologic cells emerge as critical players, facilitating immune evasion and tumor progression. Apart from their indirect impact on anti-tumor immunity, immunocytes directly influence neoplastic cells, either bolstering or impeding tumor advancement. However, current therapeutic modalities aimed at alleviating immunosuppression from regulatory cells on effector immune cell populations may not consistently yield satisfactory results in various solid tumors, such as breast carcinoma, colorectal cancer, etc. Therefore, this review outlines and summarizes the direct, dualistic effects of immunocytes such as T cells, innate lymphoid cells, B cells, eosinophils, and tumor-associated macrophages on tumor cells within the tumor microenvironment. The review also delves into the underlying mechanisms involved and presents the outcomes of clinical trials based on these direct effects, aiming to propose innovative and efficacious therapeutic strategies for addressing solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyi Ye
- Department of General Surgery (Breast and Thyroid Surgery), Shaoxing People’s Hospital; Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
| | - Pu Cheng
- Department of Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qi Huang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Department of Oncology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jingjing Hu
- School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liming Huang
- Department of General Surgery (Breast and Thyroid Surgery), Shaoxing People’s Hospital; Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guoming Hu
- Department of General Surgery (Breast and Thyroid Surgery), Shaoxing People’s Hospital, Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Yi M, Li T, Niu M, Mei Q, Zhao B, Chu Q, Dai Z, Wu K. Exploiting innate immunity for cancer immunotherapy. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:187. [PMID: 38008741 PMCID: PMC10680233 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01885-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapies have revolutionized the treatment paradigms of various types of cancers. However, most of these immunomodulatory strategies focus on harnessing adaptive immunity, mainly by inhibiting immunosuppressive signaling with immune checkpoint blockade, or enhancing immunostimulatory signaling with bispecific T cell engager and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell. Although these agents have already achieved great success, only a tiny percentage of patients could benefit from immunotherapies. Actually, immunotherapy efficacy is determined by multiple components in the tumor microenvironment beyond adaptive immunity. Cells from the innate arm of the immune system, such as macrophages, dendritic cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, neutrophils, natural killer cells, and unconventional T cells, also participate in cancer immune evasion and surveillance. Considering that the innate arm is the cornerstone of the antitumor immune response, utilizing innate immunity provides potential therapeutic options for cancer control. Up to now, strategies exploiting innate immunity, such as agonists of stimulator of interferon genes, CAR-macrophage or -natural killer cell therapies, metabolic regulators, and novel immune checkpoint blockade, have exhibited potent antitumor activities in preclinical and clinical studies. Here, we summarize the latest insights into the potential roles of innate cells in antitumor immunity and discuss the advances in innate arm-targeted therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yi
- Cancer Center, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Science, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, People's Republic of China
- Department of Breast Surgery, College of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianye Li
- Department of Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310000, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengke Niu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Mei
- Cancer Center, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Science, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Department of Breast Surgery, College of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Chu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhijun Dai
- Department of Breast Surgery, College of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Kongming Wu
- Cancer Center, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Science, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China.
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Ghaffari S, Rezaei N. Eosinophils in the tumor microenvironment: implications for cancer immunotherapy. J Transl Med 2023; 21:551. [PMID: 37587450 PMCID: PMC10433623 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04418-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite being an integral part of the immune response in the tumor microenvironment (TME), few studies have mechanistically elucidated eosinophil functions in cancer outcomes. Eosinophils are a minor population of granulocytes that are mostly explored in asthma and allergic disorders. Their influence on primary and metastatic tumors, however, has recently come to light. Eosinophils' diverse armamentarium of mediators and receptors allows them to participate in innate and adaptive immunity, such as type 1 and type 2 immunity, and shape TME and tumor outcomes. Based on TME cells and cytokines, activated eosinophils drive other immune cells to ultimately promote or suppress tumor growth. Discovering exactly what conditions determine the pro-tumorigenic or anti-tumorigenic role of eosinophils allows us to take advantage of these signals and devise novel strategies to target cancer cells. Here, we first revisit eosinophil biology and differentiation as recognizing eosinophil mediators is crucial to their function in homeostatic and pathological conditions as well as tumor outcome. The bulk of our paper discusses eosinophil interactions with tumor cells, immune cells-including T cells, plasma cells, natural killer (NK) cells-and gut microbiota. Eosinophil mediators, such as IL-5, IL-33, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), and CCL11 also determine eosinophil behavior toward tumor cells. We then examine the implications of these findings for cancer immunotherapy approaches, including immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy using immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy. Eosinophils synergize with CAR T cells and ICB therapy to augment immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasan Ghaffari
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
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Jacobse J, Aziz Z, Sun L, Chaparro J, Pilat JM, Kwag A, Buendia M, Wimbiscus M, Nasu M, Saito T, Mine S, Orita H, Revetta F, Short SP, Kay Washington M, Hiremath G, Gibson MK, Coburn LA, Koyama T, Goettel JA, Williams CS, Choksi YA. Eosinophils Exert Antitumorigenic Effects in the Development of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 16:961-983. [PMID: 37574015 PMCID: PMC10630122 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2023.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Eosinophils are present in several solid tumors and have context-dependent function. Our aim is to define the contribution of eosinophils in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), as their role in ESCC is unknown. METHODS Eosinophils were enumerated in tissues from 2 ESCC cohorts. Mice were treated with 4-NQO for 8 weeks to induce precancer or 16 weeks to induce carcinoma. The eosinophil number was modified by a monoclonal antibody to interleukin-5 (IL5mAb), recombinant IL-5 (rIL-5), or genetically with eosinophil-deficient (ΔdblGATA) mice or mice deficient in eosinophil chemoattractant eotaxin-1 (Ccl11-/-). Esophageal tissue and eosinophil-specific RNA sequencing was performed to understand eosinophil function. Three-dimensional coculturing of eosinophils with precancer or cancer cells was done to ascertain direct effects of eosinophils. RESULTS Activated eosinophils are present in higher numbers in early-stage vs late-stage ESCC. Mice treated with 4-NQO exhibit more esophageal eosinophils in precancer vs cancer. Correspondingly, epithelial cell Ccl11 expression is higher in mice with precancer. Eosinophil depletion using 3 mouse models (Ccl11-/- mice, ΔdblGATA mice, IL5mAb treatment) all display exacerbated 4-NQO tumorigenesis. Conversely, treatment with rIL-5 increases esophageal eosinophilia and protects against precancer and carcinoma. Tissue and eosinophil RNA sequencing revealed eosinophils drive oxidative stress in precancer. In vitro coculturing of eosinophils with precancer or cancer cells resulted in increased apoptosis in the presence of a degranulating agent, which is reversed with NAC, a reactive oxygen species scavenger. ΔdblGATA mice exhibited increased CD4 T cell infiltration, IL-17, and enrichment of IL-17 protumorigenic pathways. CONCLUSION Eosinophils likely protect against ESCC through reactive oxygen species release during degranulation and suppression of IL-17.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Jacobse
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Pediatrics, Willem-Alexander Children's Hospital, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Division of Molecular Pathogenesis, Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Research and Development, Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Health System, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Zaryab Aziz
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Lili Sun
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jasmine Chaparro
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jennifer M Pilat
- Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Aaron Kwag
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Matthew Buendia
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Mae Wimbiscus
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Motomi Nasu
- Department of Esophageal and Gastroenterological Surgery, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; International Collaborative Research Administration, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Saito
- Department of Human Pathology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinji Mine
- Department of Esophageal and Gastroenterological Surgery, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hajime Orita
- Department of Esophageal and Gastroenterological Surgery, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; International Collaborative Research Administration, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Frank Revetta
- Division of Molecular Pathogenesis, Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Sarah P Short
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - M Kay Washington
- Division of Molecular Pathogenesis, Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Girish Hiremath
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Michael K Gibson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Lori A Coburn
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Research and Development, Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Health System, Nashville, Tennessee; Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Tatsuki Koyama
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jeremy A Goettel
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Division of Molecular Pathogenesis, Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Vanderbilt Institute for Infection Immunology and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Christopher S Williams
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Research and Development, Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Health System, Nashville, Tennessee; Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology and Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville Tennessee
| | - Yash A Choksi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Research and Development, Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Health System, Nashville, Tennessee; Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.
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Jacobse J, Aziz Z, Sun L, Chaparro J, Pilat JM, Kwag A, Buendia M, Wimbiscus M, Nasu M, Saito T, Mine S, Orita H, Revetta F, Short SP, Washington MK, Hiremath G, Gibson MK, Coburn L, Koyama T, Goettel JA, Williams CS, Choksi YA. Eosinophils exert direct and indirect anti-tumorigenic effects in the development of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.01.543287. [PMID: 37333285 PMCID: PMC10274643 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.01.543287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Background/Aims Eosinophils are present in several solid tumors and have context-dependent function. Our aim is to define the contribution of eosinophils in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), since their role in ESCC is unknown. Methods Eosinophils were enumerated in tissues from two ESCC cohorts. Mice were treated with 4-nitroquinolone-1-oxide (4-NQO) for 8 weeks to induce pre-cancer or 16 weeks to induce carcinoma. Eosinophil number was modified by monoclonal antibody to IL-5 (IL5mAb), recombinant IL-5 (rIL-5), or genetically with eosinophil-deficient (ΔdblGATA) mice or mice deficient in eosinophil chemoattractant eotaxin-1 ( Ccl11 -/- ). Esophageal tissue and eosinophil specific RNA-sequencing was performed to understand eosinophil function. 3-D co-culturing of eosinophils with pre-cancer or cancer cells was done to ascertain direct effects of eosinophils. Results Activated eosinophils are present in higher numbers in early stage versus late stage ESCC. Mice treated with 4-NQO exhibit more esophageal eosinophils in pre-cancer versus cancer. Correspondingly, epithelial cell Ccl11 expression is higher in mice with pre-cancer. Eosinophil depletion using three mouse models ( Ccl11 -/- mice, ΔdblGATA mice, IL5mAb treatment) all display exacerbated 4-NQO tumorigenesis. Conversely, treatment with rIL-5 increases esophageal eosinophilia and protects against pre-cancer and carcinoma. Tissue and eosinophil RNA-sequencing revealed eosinophils drive oxidative stress in pre-cancer. In vitro co-culturing of eosinophils with pre-cancer or cancer cells resulted in increased apoptosis in the presence of a degranulating agent, which is reversed with N-acetylcysteine, a reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger. ΔdblGATA mice exhibited increased CD4 T cell infiltration, IL-17, and enrichment of IL-17 pro-tumorigenic pathways. Conclusion Eosinophils likely protect against ESCC through ROS release during degranulation and suppression of IL-17.
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7
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Kumar V, Stewart JH. Immunometabolic reprogramming, another cancer hallmark. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1125874. [PMID: 37275901 PMCID: PMC10235624 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1125874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular carcinogenesis is a multistep process that involves acquired abnormalities in key biological processes. The complexity of cancer pathogenesis is best illustrated in the six hallmarks of the cancer: (1) the development of self-sufficient growth signals, (2) the emergence of clones that are resistant to apoptosis, (3) resistance to the antigrowth signals, (4) neo-angiogenesis, (5) the invasion of normal tissue or spread to the distant organs, and (6) limitless replicative potential. It also appears that non-resolving inflammation leads to the dysregulation of immune cell metabolism and subsequent cancer progression. The present article delineates immunometabolic reprogramming as a critical hallmark of cancer by linking chronic inflammation and immunosuppression to cancer growth and metastasis. We propose that targeting tumor immunometabolic reprogramming will lead to the design of novel immunotherapeutic approaches to cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kumar
- Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Science Center (LSUHSC), New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - John H. Stewart
- Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Science Center (LSUHSC), New Orleans, LA, United States
- Louisiana State University- Louisiana Children’s Medical Center, Stanley S. Scott, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Science Center (LSUHSC), New Orleans, LA, United States
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Preliminary Assessment of Tumor-Associated Tissue Eosinophilia (TATE) in Canine Mast Cell Tumors: Prevalence and Prognostic Relevance and Its Association with Neoangiogenesis. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13020283. [PMID: 36670824 PMCID: PMC9855198 DOI: 10.3390/ani13020283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Mast cell tumor (MCT) is the most common malignant skin tumor in dogs. In order to gain more information on the prognostic markers in MCT, the role of the eosinophil granulocytes infiltrates was investigated and assessed by the evaluation of tumor-associated tissue eosinophilia (TATE) in 87 canine cutaneous MCTs. In human medicine, high TATE are often described in highly angiogenic tumors: we therefore assessed the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in neoplastic mast cells. TATE and VEGF expression were compared between themselves, with histological grading, immunohistochemical expression of KIT and Ki-67, and with the recurrence. We found a statistically significant correlation between TATE and Patnaik grading (p = 0.041), Kiupel grading (p = 0.022), immunohistochemical KIT expression (p = 0.015), and tumor recurrence (p = 0.000). No associations were observed with Ki-67 and VEGF expression. This is the first evaluation of TATE and its prognostic value in canine MCTs in veterinary oncology. This study suggest that this investigation could be an important source of information for this tumor and for other neoplasms.
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Artham S, Chang CY, McDonnell DP. Eosinophilia in cancer and its regulation by sex hormones. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2023; 34:5-20. [PMID: 36443206 PMCID: PMC10122120 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2022.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Gender differences in the functionality of the immune system have been attributed, in part, to direct and indirect effects of sex steroids, especially estrogens, on immune cell repertoire and activity. Notable are studies that have defined roles for estrogens in the regulation of the biology of dendritic cells (DCs), macrophages, T cells and natural killer (NK) cells. Although estrogens can modulate eosinophil function, the mechanisms by which this occurs and how it contributes to the pathobiology of different diseases remains underexplored. Furthermore, although the importance of eosinophils in infection is well established, it remains unclear as to how these innate immune cells, which are present in different tumors, impact the biology of cancer cells and/or response to therapeutics. The observation that eosinophilia influences the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockers (ICBs) is significant considering the role of estrogens as regulators of eosinophil function and recent studies suggesting that response to ICBs is impacted by gender. Thus, in this review, we consider what is known about the roles of estrogen(s) in regulating tissue eosinophilia/eosinophil function and how this influences the pathobiology of breast cancer (in particular). This information provides the context for a discussion of how estrogens/the estrogen receptor (ER) signaling axis can be targeted in eosinophils and how this would be expected to influence the activity of standard-of-care interventions and contemporary immunotherapy regimens in cancer(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Artham
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ching-Yi Chang
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Donald P McDonnell
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
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10
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Jacenik D, Karagiannidis I, Beswick EJ. Th2 cells inhibit growth of colon and pancreas cancers by promoting anti-tumorigenic responses from macrophages and eosinophils. Br J Cancer 2023; 128:387-397. [PMID: 36376448 PMCID: PMC9902541 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-022-02056-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunotherapy of gastrointestinal cancers is challenging; however, several lines of evidence suggest that adoptive transfer of stimulated or modified immune cells support not only protective role of immune cells in tumor microenvironment, but actively participate in the elimination of cancer cells. METHODS In vivo studies employing cancer cell-derived allograft murine models of gastrointestinal cancers were performed. The effects of T helper (Th) 2 cells on gastrointestinal cancers growth and tumor microenvironment composition using adoptive transfer of Th2 cells, interleukin (IL)-5 treatment, and immunofluorescence, multiplex and real-time PCR were explored. RESULTS Here, we show that Th2 cells play an essential role in the inhibition of colon and pancreas cancers progression. In murine models of gastrointestinal tumors using adoptive transfer of Th2 cells, we identify that Th2 cells are responsible for generation of apoptotic factors and affect macrophage as well as eosinophil recruitment into tumors where they produce cytotoxic factors. Moreover, we found that Th2 cells lead to IL-5 hypersecretion, which links the anti-tumorigenic function of Th2 cells and eosinophils. Importantly, we noted that recombinant IL-5 administration is also related with inhibition of gastrointestinal tumor growth. Finally, using an in vitro approach, we documented that both Th2 cells and eosinophils are directly responsible for gastrointestinal cancer cell killing. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate the significance of Th2 cells, eosinophils and IL-5 in the inhibition of gastrointestinal tumor growth, and pointed toward tumor microenvironment reprogramming as a Th2 cell-mediated anti-tumorigenic mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian Jacenik
- Department of Cytobiochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Utah, Salt Lake City, USA
| | - Ioannis Karagiannidis
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Utah, Salt Lake City, USA
| | - Ellen J Beswick
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Utah, Salt Lake City, USA.
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11
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Jackson DJ, Pavord ID. Living without eosinophils: evidence from mouse and man. Eur Respir J 2023; 61:13993003.01217-2022. [PMID: 35953100 PMCID: PMC9834633 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01217-2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The enduring view of eosinophils, as immune effector cells whose primary function is host defence against infection by helminths and other microbial pathogens, sets the stage for a fundamental question regarding the safety of therapeutic eosinophil depletion. If eosinophils are significantly reduced or altogether depleted in an effort to alleviate the negative effects of tissue eosinophilia and eosinophilic inflammation in conditions such as asthma, COPD, chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps, eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis and hypereosinophilic syndrome, would these patients become susceptible to infection or another illness? Development of mouse models in which the eosinophil lineage has been ablated, observations in patients naturally lacking eosinophils and data from studies of eosinophil-depleting medical therapies indicate that the absence of eosinophils is not detrimental to health. The evidence available to date, as presented in this review, supports the conclusion that even if certain homeostatic roles for the eosinophil may be demonstrable in controlled animal models and human in vitro settings, the evolution of the human species appears to have provided sufficient immune redundancy such that one may be hale and hearty without eosinophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Jackson
- Guy's Severe Asthma Centre, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ian D Pavord
- Respiratory Medicine Unit and Oxford Respiratory NIHR BRC, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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12
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Identification of m7G Methylation-Related miRNA Signature Associated with Survival and Immune Microenvironment Regulation in Uterine Corpus Endometrial Carcinoma. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:8776678. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/8776678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Background. N7-methylguanosine (m7G) has been implicated in the development of cancer. The role of m7G-related miRNAs in the survival prediction of UCEC patients has not been investigated. Current research was the first to construct an m7G-related miRNA model to accurately predict the survival of patients with uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma (UCEC) and to explore immune cell infiltration and immune activity in the tumor microenvironment. Methods. RNA-seq data and clinical information of UCEC patients were derived from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Using the TargetScan online database, we predicted miRNAs linked to the m7G-related genes and identified miRNAs which were significantly associated with the survival in UCEC patients and constructed a risk scoring model. The TCGA-UCEC cases were scored according to the risk model, and the high- and low-risk groups were divided by the median risk value. Gene enrichment analysis and immune cell infiltration and immune function analysis were performed using “clusterProfiler” and “GSVA” packages in R. Results. The survival prediction model consisted of 9 miRNAs, namely, hsa-miR-1301, hsa-miR-940, hsa-miR-592, hsa-miR-3170, hsa-miR-876, hsa-miR-215, hsa-miR-934, hsa-miR-3920, and hsa-miR-216b. Survival of UCEC patients in the high-risk group was worse than that in the low-risk group (
). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve showed that the model had good predictive performance, and the area under the curve was 0.800, 0.690, and 0.705 for 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival predictions, respectively. There were differences in the degree of immune cell infiltration and immune activity between the low-risk and high-risk groups. The expression levels of the identified differentially expressed genes correlated with the susceptibility to multiple anticancer drugs. Conclusions. The survival prediction model constructed based on 9 m7G-related miRNAs had good predictive performance.
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Pongdee T, Manemann SM, Decker PA, Larson NB, Moon S, Killian JM, Liu H, Kita H, Bielinski SJ. Rethinking blood eosinophil counts: Epidemiology, associated chronic diseases, and increased risks of cardiovascular disease. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. GLOBAL 2022; 1:233-240. [PMID: 36466741 PMCID: PMC9718542 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacig.2022.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Background The distribution and determinants of blood eosinophil counts in the general population are unclear. Furthermore, whether elevated blood eosinophil counts increase risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and other chronic diseases, other than atopic conditions, remains uncertain. Objective We sought to describe the distribution of eosinophil counts in the general population and determine the association of eosinophil count with prevalent chronic disease and incident CVD. Methods A population-based adult cohort was followed from January 1, 2006, to December 31, 2020. Electronic health record data regarding demographic characteristics, prevalent clinical characteristics, and incident CVD were extracted. Associations between blood eosinophil counts and demographic characteristics, chronic diseases, laboratory values, and risks of incident CVD were assessed using chi-square test, ANOVA, and Cox proportional hazards regression. Results Blood eosinophil counts increased with age, body mass index, and reported smoking and tobacco use. The prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, hypertension, cardiac arrhythmias, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, and cancer increased as eosinophil counts increased. Eosinophil counts were significantly associated with coronary heart disease (hazard ratio [HR], 1.44; 95% CI, 1.12-1.84) and heart failure (HR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.30-2.01) in fully adjusted models and with stroke/transient ischemic attack (HR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.16-1.61) and CVD death (HR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.10-2.00) in a model adjusting for age, sex, race, and ethnicity. Conclusions Blood eosinophil counts differ by demographic and clinical characteristics as well as by prevalent chronic disease. Moreover, elevated eosinophil counts are associated with risk of CVD. Further prospective investigations are needed to determine the utility of eosinophil counts as a biomarker for CVD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanai Pongdee
- Division of Allergic Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn
| | - Sheila M. Manemann
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn
| | - Paul A. Decker
- Division of Clinical Trials and Biostatistics, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn
| | - Nicholas B. Larson
- Division of Clinical Trials and Biostatistics, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn
| | - Sungrim Moon
- Department of Artificial Intelligence and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn
| | - Jill M. Killian
- Division of Clinical Trials and Biostatistics, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn
| | - Hongfang Liu
- Department of Artificial Intelligence and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn
| | - Hirohito Kita
- Division of Allergy, Asthma and Clinical Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Ariz
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale
| | - Suzette J. Bielinski
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn
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14
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Chen Q, Jiang D, Shan Z. The influence of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor on the progression of type B intramural hematoma. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:969357. [PMID: 36330007 PMCID: PMC9623157 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.969357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Investigating whether dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP4i) could influence the progression of type B intramural hematoma (IMHB) in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). Materials and methods Uncomplicated IMHB patients were matched by age, sex, and body mass index. Cox proportional hazard models were constructed to identify risk factors. A Kaplan–Meier survival analysis was used to estimate all-cause and aorta-related mortality. Results Ninety-six matched IMHB patients were divided into Group A (n = 32, IMHB patients without DM), Group B (n = 32, IMHB patients with DMreceiving oral antidiabetic drugs [without DPP4i]) and Group C (n = 32, IMHB patients with DM receiving oral antidiabetic drugs [with DPP4i]). Group C had the lowest rate of aorta-related adverse events (3.1%), aorta-related mortality (0.0%) and reintervention (3.1%). Cox proportional hazard models revealed that a lower eosinophil count (per 0.1, HR, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.29–0.79, P = 0.004) and a higher neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) (HR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.05–1.21, P = 0.001) were associated with higher occurrences of aorta-related adverse events. A lower eosinophil count (per 0.1, HR, 0.40; 95% CI, 0.18–0.89, P = 0.025) and a higher NLR (HR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.08–1.32, P = 0.001) were also associated with increased aorta-related mortality. Conclusion DPP4i administration in DM patients with IMHB was associated with lower aorta-related mortality and more benign progression than in those who did not receive DPP4i or those without DM. Furthermore, a higher eosinophil count and a lower NLR ratio are potential protective factors that may explain the potential therapeutic benefit of DPP4i.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qu Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Dandan Jiang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xinglin Branch of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Zhonggui Shan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- *Correspondence: Zhonggui Shan,
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15
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Identification of the Characteristic Genes and their Roles in Lung Adenocarcinoma Lymph Node Metastasis through Machine Learning Algorithm. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2022; 2022:1968829. [PMID: 36277017 PMCID: PMC9581663 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1968829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background. Lymph node metastasis is an important route of lung cancer metastasis and can significantly affect the survival of lung cancer. Methods. All the analysis was conducted out in the R software. Expression profile and clinical information of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) patients were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. Results. In our study, we firstly identified the characteristic genes of lymph node metastasis in LUAD through two machine learning algorithms, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) logistic regression, and SVM-RFE algorithms. Ten characteristic genes were finally identified, including CRHR2, ITIH1, PRSS48, MAS1L, CYP4Z1, LMO1, TCP10L2, KRT78, IGFBP1, and PITX3. Next, we performed univariate Cox regression, LASSO regression, and multivariate Cox regression sequentially to construct a prognosis model based on MAS1L, TCP10L2, and CRHR2, which had a good prognosis prediction efficiency in both training and validation cohorts. Univariate and multivariate analysis indicated that our model is a risk factor independent of other clinical features. Pathway enrichment analysis showed that in the high-risk patients, the pathway of MYC target, unfolded protein response, interferon alpha response, DNA repair, reactive oxygen species pathway, and glycolysis were significantly enriched. Among three model genes, MAS1L aroused our interest and therefore was selected for further analysis. KM survival curves showed that the patients with higher MAS1L might have better disease-free survival and progression-free survival. Further, pathway enrichment, genomic instability, immune infiltration, and drug sensitivity analysis were performed to in-deep explore the role of MAS1L in LUAD. Conclusions. Results showed that the signature based on MAS1L, TCP10L2, and CRHR2 is a useful tool to predict prognosis and lung cancer lymph node metastasis.
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16
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Prognostic alternative splicing events related splicing factors define the tumor microenvironment and pharmacogenomic landscape in lung adenocarcinoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:6689-6715. [PMID: 36006412 PMCID: PMC9467413 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Background: Recent studies identified correlations between splicing factors (SFs) and tumor progression and therapy. However, the potential roles of SFs in immune regulation and the tumor microenvironment (TME) remain unknown. Methods: We used UpSet plots to screen for prognostic-related alternative splicing (AS) events. We evaluated SF patterns in specific immune landscapes. Single sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) algorithms were used to quantify relative infiltration levels in immune cell subsets. Principal component analysis (PCA) algorithm-based SFscore were used to evaluate SF patterns in individual tumors with an immune response. Results: From prognosis-related AS events, 16 prognosis-related SFs were selected to construct three SF patterns. Further TME analyses showed these patterns were highly consistent with immune-inflamed, immune-excluded, and immune-desert landscapes. Based on SFscore constructed using differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between SF patterns, patients were classified into two immune-subtypes associated with differential pharmacogenomic landscapes and cell features. A low SFscore was associated with high immune cell infiltration, high tumor mutation burden (TMB), and elevated expression of immune check points (ICPs), indicating a better immune response. Conclusions: SFs are significantly associated with TME remodeling. Evaluating different SF patterns enhances our understanding of the TME and improves effective immunotherapy strategies.
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17
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Warner K, Ghaedi M, Chung DC, Jacquelot N, Ohashi PS. Innate lymphoid cells in early tumor development. Front Immunol 2022; 13:948358. [PMID: 36032129 PMCID: PMC9411809 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.948358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate and adaptive immune cells monitor, recognize, and eliminate transformed cells. Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are innate counterparts of T cells that play a key role in many facets of the immune response and have a profound impact on disease states, including cancer. ILCs regulate immune responses by responding and integrating a wide range of signals within the local microenvironment. As primarily tissue-resident cells, ILCs are ideally suited to sense malignant transformation and initiate anti-tumor immunity. However, as ILCs have been associated with anti-tumor and pro-tumor activities in established tumors, they could potentially have dual functions during carcinogenesis by promoting or suppressing the malignant outgrowth of premalignant lesions. Here we discuss emerging evidence that shows that ILCs can impact early tumor development by regulating immune responses against transformed cells, as well as the environmental cues that potentially induce ILC activation in premalignant lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Warner
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Maryam Ghaedi
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Douglas C. Chung
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nicolas Jacquelot
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Pamela S. Ohashi
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: Pamela S. Ohashi,
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Caliman E, Fancelli S, Ottanelli C, Mazzoni F, Paglialunga L, Lavacchi D, Michelet MRG, Giommoni E, Napolitano B, Scolari F, Voltolini L, Comin CE, Pillozzi S, Antonuzzo L. Absolute eosinophil count predicts clinical outcomes and toxicity in non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with immunotherapy. Cancer Treat Res Commun 2022; 32:100603. [PMID: 35792426 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2022.100603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have led to a paradigm shift in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment. We investigated absolute eosinophil count (AEC) as a predictor of clinical outcomes and toxicity in NSCLC patients receiving ICIs. MATERIALS AND METHODS AEC was retrospectively collected at baseline and during treatment from 158 advanced NSCLC patients treated with single agent anti-PD1/anti-PDL1 monoclonal antibody in first or subsequent line of therapy at Medical Oncology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence (Italy), between January 2016 to October 2020. RESULTS We found a significant association between high baseline AEC (≥130/μL) and better clinical outcomes. The response rates were 64.4% and 35.6% for patients with high and low AEC, respectively (p = 0.009). The high-AEC group showed a significantly longer PFS and OS than the low-AEC group (mPFS = 7.0 months, 95% CI 5.0-10.0 vs 2.5 months, 95% CI 2.0-4.0, p = 0.007 and mOS = 9.0 months, CI 95% 7.0-15.0 vs 5.5 months, 95% CI 4.0-8.0, p = 0.009, respectively). An increased risk of immune-related adverse events (irAEs) was reported in the high-AEC group (p = 0.133). IrAEs resulted an independent prognostic factor for both better outcomes (mPFS = 8.0 months, 95% CI 7.0-12.0 vs 2.0 months, 95% CI 2.0-3.0, p<0.001; mOS = 13.0 months 95% CI 9.0-19.0 vs 4.0 months 95% CI 3.0-6-0, p<0.001) and response to ICIs (response rate = 33.8% vs 14.9%, disease control rate = 72.0% vs 32.1%, p<0.001). CONCLUSION High baseline AEC value (≥130/μL) is a predictive biomarker of clinical benefit and irAEs occurrence in NSCLC patients treated with ICIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Caliman
- Clinical Oncology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy; Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Sara Fancelli
- Clinical Oncology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy; Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Italy
| | | | | | - Luca Paglialunga
- Clinical Oncology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Daniele Lavacchi
- Clinical Oncology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Elisa Giommoni
- Medical Oncology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Federico Scolari
- Medical Oncology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Luca Voltolini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Italy; Thoracic Surgery Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Camilla Eva Comin
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Italy; Section of Surgery, Histopathology and Molecular Pathology, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Serena Pillozzi
- Medical Oncology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy.
| | - Lorenzo Antonuzzo
- Clinical Oncology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy; Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Italy; Medical Oncology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
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Ikutani M, Nakae S. Heterogeneity of Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells Defines Their Pleiotropic Roles in Cancer, Obesity, and Cardiovascular Diseases. Front Immunol 2022; 13:939378. [PMID: 35844571 PMCID: PMC9278653 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.939378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are typically known for their ability to respond rapidly to parasitic infections and play a pivotal role in the development of certain allergic disorders. ILC2s produce cytokines such as Interleukin (IL)-5 and IL-13 similar to the type 2 T helper (Th2) cells. Recent findings have highlighted that ILC2s, together with IL-33 and eosinophils, participate in a considerably broad range of physiological roles such as anti-tumor immunity, metabolic regulation, and vascular disorders. Therefore, the focus of the ILC2 study has been extended from conventional Th2 responses to these unexplored areas of research. However, disease outcomes accompanied by ILC2 activities are paradoxical mostly in tumor immunity requiring further investigations. Although various environmental factors that direct the development, activation, and localization of ILC2s have been studied, IL-33/ILC2/eosinophil axis is presumably central in a multitude of inflammatory conditions and has guided the research in ILC2 biology. With a particular focus on this axis, we discuss ILC2s across different diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Ikutani
- Laboratory of Immunology, Program of Food and AgriLife Science, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
- *Correspondence: Masashi Ikutani, ; Susumu Nakae,
| | - Susumu Nakae
- Laboratory of Immunology, Program of Food and AgriLife Science, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan
- *Correspondence: Masashi Ikutani, ; Susumu Nakae,
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20
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Blood Eosinophils Are Associated with Efficacy of Targeted Therapy in Patients with Advanced Melanoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14092294. [PMID: 35565423 PMCID: PMC9104271 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Eosinophils appear to contribute to the efficacy of immunotherapy and their frequency was suggested as a predictive biomarker. Whether this observation could be transferred to patients treated with targeted therapy remains unknown. Methods: Blood and serum samples of healthy controls and 216 patients with advanced melanoma were prospectively and retrospectively collected. Freshly isolated eosinophils were phenotypically characterized by flow cytometry and co-cultured in vitro with melanoma cells to assess cytotoxicity. Soluble serum markers and peripheral blood counts were used for correlative studies. Results: Eosinophil-mediated cytotoxicity towards melanoma cells, as well as phenotypic characteristics, were similar when comparing healthy donors and patients. However, high relative pre-treatment eosinophil counts were significantly associated with response to MAPKi (p = 0.013). Eosinophil-mediated cytotoxicity towards melanoma cells is dose-dependent and requires proximity of eosinophils and their target in vitro. Treatment with targeted therapy in the presence of eosinophils results in an additive tumoricidal effect. Additionally, melanoma cells affected eosinophil phenotype upon co-culture. Conclusion: High pre-treatment eosinophil counts in advanced melanoma patients were associated with a significantly improved response to MAPKi. Functionally, eosinophils show potent cytotoxicity towards melanoma cells, which can be reinforced by MAPKi. Further studies are needed to unravel the molecular mechanisms of our observations.
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Sibille A, Corhay JL, Louis R, Ninane V, Jerusalem G, Duysinx B. Eosinophils and Lung Cancer: From Bench to Bedside. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095066. [PMID: 35563461 PMCID: PMC9101877 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Eosinophils are rare, multifunctional granulocytes. Their growth, survival, and tissue migration mainly depend on interleukin (IL)-5 in physiological conditions and on IL-5 and IL-33 in inflammatory conditions. Preclinical evidence supports an immunological role for eosinophils as innate immune cells and as agents of the adaptive immune response. In addition to these data, several reports show a link between the outcomes of patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) for advanced cancers and blood eosinophilia. In this review, we present, in the context of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the biological properties of eosinophils and their roles in homeostatic and pathological conditions, with a focus on their pro- and anti-tumorigenic effects. We examine the possible explanations for blood eosinophilia during NSCLC treatment with ICI. In particular, we discuss the value of eosinophils as a potential prognostic and predictive biomarker, highlighting the need for stronger clinical data. Finally, we conclude with perspectives on clinical and translational research topics on this subject.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Sibille
- Department of Pulmonology, University Hospital of Liège, Domaine de l’Université B35, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (J.-L.C.); (R.L.); (B.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-4-3667881
| | - Jean-Louis Corhay
- Department of Pulmonology, University Hospital of Liège, Domaine de l’Université B35, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (J.-L.C.); (R.L.); (B.D.)
| | - Renaud Louis
- Department of Pulmonology, University Hospital of Liège, Domaine de l’Université B35, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (J.-L.C.); (R.L.); (B.D.)
| | - Vincent Ninane
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, CHU Saint-Pierre, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Guy Jerusalem
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Liège, Domaine de l’Université B35, 4000 Liège, Belgium;
| | - Bernard Duysinx
- Department of Pulmonology, University Hospital of Liège, Domaine de l’Université B35, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (J.-L.C.); (R.L.); (B.D.)
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22
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Robinson I, Lucia GS, Li A, Oberholtzer N, Plante J, Quinn KM, Reuben D, Mehrotra S, Valdebran M. Eosinophils and melanoma: Implications for immunotherapy. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2022; 35:192-202. [PMID: 34927354 PMCID: PMC9012984 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.13025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
New therapies such as immune checkpoint blockers (ICB) have offered extended survival to patients affected by advanced melanoma. However, ICBs have demonstrated debilitating side effects on the joints, liver, lungs, skin, and gut. Several biomarkers have been identified for their role in predicting which patients better tolerate ICBs. Still, these biomarkers are limited by immunologic and genetic heterogeneity and the complexity of translation into clinical practice. Recent observational studies have suggested eosinophil counts, and serum levels of eosinophil cationic protein are significantly associated with prolonged survival in advanced-stage melanoma. It is likely that eosinophils thereby modulate treatment response through mechanisms yet to be explored. Here, we review the functionality of eosinophils, their oncogenic role in melanoma and discuss how these mechanisms may influence patient response to ICBs and their implications in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- India Robinson
- Department of Dermatology and Dermatologic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Gabriella Santa Lucia
- Department of Dermatology and Dermatologic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Andraia Li
- Department of Dermatology and Dermatologic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Nathaniel Oberholtzer
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - John Plante
- Department of Dermatology and Dermatologic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Kristen M Quinn
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Daniel Reuben
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Shikhar Mehrotra
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Manuel Valdebran
- Department of Dermatology and Dermatologic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
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23
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Balakrishnan PB, Ledezma DK, Cano-Mejia J, Andricovich J, Palmer E, Patel VA, Latham PS, Yvon ES, Villagra A, Fernandes R, Sweeney EE. CD137 agonist potentiates the abscopal efficacy of nanoparticle-based photothermal therapy for melanoma. NANO RESEARCH 2022; 15:2300-2314. [PMID: 36089987 PMCID: PMC9455608 DOI: 10.1007/s12274-021-3813-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Despite the promise of immunotherapy such as the immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA-4 for advanced melanoma, only 26%-52% of patients respond, and many experience grade III/IV immune-related adverse events. Motivated by the need for an effective therapy for patients non-responsive to clinically approved ICIs, we have developed a novel nanoimmunotherapy that combines locally administered Prussian blue nanoparticle-based photothermal therapy (PBNP-PTT) with systemically administered agonistic anti-CD137 monoclonal antibody therapy (aCD137). PBNP-PTT was administered at various thermal doses to melanoma cells in vitro, and was combined with aCD137 in vivo to test treatment effects on melanoma tumor progression, animal survival, immunological protection against tumor rechallenge, and hepatotoxicity. When administered at a melanoma-specific thermal dose, PBNP-PTT elicits immunogenic cell death (ICD) in melanoma cells and upregulates markers associated with antigen presentation and immune cell co-stimulation in vitro. Consequently, PBNP-PTT eliminates primary melanoma tumors in vivo, yielding long-term tumor-free survival. However, the antitumor immune effects generated by PBNP-PTT cannot eliminate secondary tumors, despite significantly slowing their growth. The addition of aCD137 enables significant abscopal efficacy and improvement of survival, functioning through activated dendritic cells and tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells, and generates CD4+ and CD8+ T cell memory that manifests in the rejection of tumor rechallenge, with no long-term hepatotoxicity. This study describes for the first time a novel and effective nanoimmunotherapy combination of PBNP-PTT with aCD137 mAb therapy for melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preethi Bala Balakrishnan
- GW Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Debbie K. Ledezma
- The Institute for Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Juliana Cano-Mejia
- GW Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Jaclyn Andricovich
- The Institute for Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Erica Palmer
- GW Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Vishal A. Patel
- Department of Dermatology & Oncology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Patricia S. Latham
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Eric S. Yvon
- GW Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Alejandro Villagra
- GW Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Rohan Fernandes
- GW Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
- The Institute for Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
- ImmunoBlue, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Elizabeth E. Sweeney
- GW Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
- ImmunoBlue, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
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CCL5 Deficiency Enhanced Cryo–Thermal-Triggered Long-Term Anti-Tumor Immunity in 4T1 Murine Breast Cancer. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10030559. [PMID: 35327361 PMCID: PMC8945488 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10030559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer remains one of the most common solid tumors. Tumor immunosuppressive factors mainly hinder the control of tumors. We previously developed an innovative cryo–thermal therapy that was shown to significantly suppress distal metastasis and improve long-term survival in murine B16F10 melanoma and 4T1 mammary carcinoma models. However, the effect of cryo–thermal therapy on the 4T1 model was not excellent. CCL5 has been reported to help the progression of breast cancer, so in this study, CCL5−/− was used to explore the role of host-derived CCL5 after cryo–thermal therapy. CCL5−/− could not completely resist tumor development, but it significantly improved survival rates when combined with cryo–thermal therapy. Mechanically, CCL5−/− mildly decreases the percentage of MDSCs, increases DC maturation and macrophage’s inflammatory function at an early stage after tumor inoculation, and later up-regulate the level of Th1 and down-regulate the level of Tregs. When combined with cryo–thermal therapy, CCL5−/− dramatically down-regulated the proportion of MDSCs and induced full M1 macrophage polarization, which further promoted Th1 differentiation and the cytotoxicity of CD8+ T cells. Our results indicated that CCL5−/− contributed to cryo–thermal-triggered, long-lasting anti-tumor memory immunity. The combination of cryo–thermal therapy and CCL5 blockades might extend the survival rates of patients with aggressive breast cancer.
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Fan X, Song J, Fan Y, Li J, Chen Y, Zhu H, Zhang Z. CSMD1 Mutation Related to Immunity Can Be Used as a Marker to Evaluate the Clinical Therapeutic Effect and Prognosis of Patients with Esophageal Cancer. Int J Gen Med 2021; 14:8689-8710. [PMID: 34849012 PMCID: PMC8627272 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s338284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION As a highly aggressive tumor with a poor prognosis, esophageal cancer (ESCA)'s relationship with gene mutations is unclear. Therefore, we tried to explore the role of gene mutation in ESCA progression and its relationship with immune response, clinical treatment, and prognosis. METHODS In addition to copy number variation (CNV) situations of common genes obtained from 2 public databases, the relationship between mutations and prognosis/tumor mutational burden (TMB) was also analyzed. Kaplan-Meier survival and Cox regression analysis were used to identify the CSMD1 mutation status as an independent predictor of prognosis. We also enriched related functions and pathways. Next, the relationship between 22 immune cells and CSMD1 mutation status was analyzed. In addition to the differences in the expression levels of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs)-related genes between the high TMB and low TMB groups, the differences in the expression levels of ICIs/m6a/multi-drug resistance-related genes and the sensitivity of three chemotherapeutic drugs between CSMD1 mutant and the wild group were also compared. In addition to differences and prognostic analysis of CSMD1 expression, the correlation analysis between the expression of these genes/immune cells and the expression of CSMD1 was also performed. Finally, a nomogram that could efficiently and conveniently predict the survival probability of ESCA patients was constructed and verified. RESULTS We obtained 17 frequently mutated genes distribution. Mutation and loss of CSMD1 are frequent in ESCA. Only CSMD1 mutation can be used as an independent predictor of poor prognosis. Patients in the high TMB group have a lower survival probability. Wild CSMD1 may be involved in immune-related pathways. More helper T cells and fewer resting state dendritic cells were found in the CSMD1 mutant group. The PD-1 expression in the high TMB group showed higher. Paclitaxel sensitivity and ABCC1 expression were higher in the wild CSMD1 group. Most cancers show differential expression of CSMD1. Except for the prognosis of ESCA, the expression of CSMD1 is related to immune cell content and the expression of ICIs/m6a/multi-drug resistance related genes. DISCUSSION CSMD1 mutation could be used as an immune-related biomarker to predict prognosis and treatment effect of paclitaxel. Mutation and loss of CSMD1 may promote the progression of ESCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Fan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, The First Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianxiong Song
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, The First Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yating Fan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, The First Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- School of Stomatology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yutao Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, The First Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huanhuan Zhu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, The First Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, The First Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330000, People’s Republic of China
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26
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Fan X, Ou Y, Liu H, Zhan L, Zhu X, Cheng M, Li Q, Yin D, Liao L. A Ferroptosis-Related Prognostic Signature Based on Antitumor Immunity and Tumor Protein p53 Mutation Exploration for Guiding Treatment in Patients With Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Front Genet 2021; 12:732211. [PMID: 34616431 PMCID: PMC8488345 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.732211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Due to the lack of accurate guidance of biomarkers, the treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has not been ideal. Ferroptosis plays an important role in tumor suppression and treatment of patients. However, tumor protein p53 (TP53) mutation may promote tumor progression through ferroptosis. Therefore, it is particularly important to mine prognostic-related differentially expressed ferroptosis-related genes (PR-DE-FRGs) in HNSCC to construct a prognostic model for accurately guiding clinical treatment. Methods: First, the HNSCC data obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) was used to identify PR-DE-FRGs for screening candidate genes to construct a prognostic model. We not only used a variety of methods to verify the accuracy of the model for predicting prognosis but also explored the role of ferroptosis in the development of HNSCC from the perspective of the immune microenvironment and mutation. Finally, we explored the correlation between the prognostic model and clinical treatment and drew a high-precision nomogram to predict the prognosis. Results: Seventeen of the 29 PR-DE-FRGs were selected to construct a prognostic model with good predictive performance. Patients in the low-risk group were found to have a greater number of CD8 + T cells, follicular helper T cells, regulatory T cells, mast cells, T-cell costimulations, and type II interferon responses. A higher tumor mutation burden (TMB) was observed in the low-risk group and was associated with a better prognosis. A higher risk score was found in the TP53 mutation group and was associated with a worse prognosis. The risk score is closely related to the expression of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs)-related genes such as PD-L1 and the IC50 of six chemotherapeutic drugs. The nomogram we constructed performs well in predicting prognosis. Conclusion: Ferroptosis may participate in the progression of HNSCC through the immune microenvironment and TP53 mutation. The model we built can be used as an effective predictor of immunotherapy and chemotherapy effects and prognosis of HNSCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Fan
- The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,The Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - YangShaobo Ou
- The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,The Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Huijie Liu
- The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,The Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | | | - Xingrong Zhu
- The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,The Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Mingyang Cheng
- The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,The Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Qun Li
- The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,The Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Dongmei Yin
- The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,The Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Lan Liao
- The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,The Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
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27
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Mota JM, Teo MY, Whiting K, Li HA, Regazzi AM, Lee CH, Funt SA, Bajorin D, Ostrovnaya I, Iyer G, Rosenberg JE. Pretreatment Eosinophil Counts in Patients With Advanced or Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma Treated With Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 Checkpoint Inhibitors. J Immunother 2021; 44:248-253. [PMID: 34081050 PMCID: PMC8373810 DOI: 10.1097/cji.0000000000000372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Eosinophils influence antitumor immunity and may predict response to treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). To examine the association between blood eosinophil counts and outcomes in patients with advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC) treated with ICIs, we identified 2 ICI-treated cohorts: discovery (n=60) and validation (n=111). Chemotherapy cohorts were used as comparators (first-line platinum-based chemotherapy, n=75; second-line or more pemetrexed, n=77). The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS). Secondary endpoints were time on treatment (ToT) and progression-free survival. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed using Cox proportional hazard models. Associations between changes in eosinophil count at weeks 2/3 and 6 after the start of ICI treatment were analyzed using landmark analyses. Baseline characteristics of the ICI cohorts were similar. In the discovery cohort, an optimal cutoff for pretreatment eosinophil count was determined [Eos-Lo: <100 cells/µL; n=9 (15%); Eos-Hi: ≥100 cells/µL; n=51 (85%)]. Eos-Lo was associated with inferior outcomes [OS: hazard ratio (HR), 3.98; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.85-8.56; P<0.013; ToT: HR, 2.45; 95% CI, 1.17-5.10; P=0.017]. This was confirmed in the validation cohort [Eos-Lo: n=17 (15%); Eos-Hi: n=94 (85%)] (OS: HR, 2.51; 95% CI, 1.31-4.80; P=0.006; ToT: HR, 2.22; 95% CI, 1.2-3.80; P=0.004), and remained significant after adjustment for other prognostic factors. Changes in eosinophil counts at weeks 2/3 and 6 were not clearly associated with outcomes. In chemotherapy cohorts, eosinophil counts were not associated with outcomes. In conclusion, low pretreatment eosinophil count was associated with poorer outcomes in patients with mUC treated with ICIs, and may represent a new predictive biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Mauricio Mota
- Genitourinary Medical Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Min Yuen Teo
- Genitourinary Medical Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Karissa Whiting
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Han A. Li
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | | | - Chung-Han Lee
- Genitourinary Medical Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Samuel A. Funt
- Genitourinary Medical Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Dean Bajorin
- Genitourinary Medical Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Irina Ostrovnaya
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Gopa Iyer
- Genitourinary Medical Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Jonathan E. Rosenberg
- Genitourinary Medical Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
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Herrmann T, Ginzac A, Molnar I, Bailly S, Durando X, Mahammedi H. Eosinophil counts as a relevant prognostic marker for response to nivolumab in the management of renal cell carcinoma: a retrospective study. Cancer Med 2021; 10:6705-6713. [PMID: 34405573 PMCID: PMC8495279 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite improvements in the management of renal cell carcinomas (RCC) with the advent of immunotherapy, only a few patients respond to these treatments. Predictors of response to nivolumab are currently being investigated but are still lacking. Aim of the study To evaluate eosinophil levels and their variations during treatment as an accurate biomarker for outcome in metastatic RCC treated with nivolumab. Methods A retrospective analysis was carried out for patients with metastatic RCC treated with nivolumab. Absolute eosinophil counts, their variation, and relative change were evaluated at six weeks. Relative eosinophil change was categorized in three groups (≥10%‐decrease, no change, ≥10%‐increase). Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed to determine whether eosinophils and their variations were prognostic markers for response at the first scan evaluation, progression‐free survival, and overall survival. Results Sixty‐five patients aged on average 66 years, 68% men, and 77% with good or intermediate International Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Database Consortium (IMDC) risk group were included. The median follow‐up was 16.6 months. Median overall survival (OS) was not reached for good prognosis and was 22.5 and 6.5 months for intermediate and poor prognosis, respectively. An increase in eosinophils and relative eosinophil change at six weeks of nivolumab was associated with a good response to immunotherapy (p = 0.012 and p = 0.024 respectively). In the group of patients with a 10%‐decrease in relative change, PFS reduced significantly compared to the other groups (p = 0.0044 with the 10%‐increase group and p = 0.03 with the no‐change group). This relative increase was independent of IMDC risks factors for better OS (HR = 3.3 [1.45–7.4]; p = 0.004). The eosinophil baseline level was not associated with response to treatment. Conclusion Eosinophil levels and relative eosinophil change at 6 weeks might be good prognostic markers for response to nivolumab for metastatic RCC, and were associated with better PFS and OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tressie Herrmann
- Département d'Oncologie Médicale, Centre Jean PERRIN, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Université Clermont Auvergne, UFR Médecine, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Angeline Ginzac
- INSERM U1240 Imgerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, Université Clermont Auvergne, Centre Jean PERRIN, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Centre d'Investigation Clinique, UMR 501, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Division de Recherche Clinique, Délégation Recherche Clinique et Innovation, Centre Jean PERRIN, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Ioana Molnar
- INSERM U1240 Imgerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, Université Clermont Auvergne, Centre Jean PERRIN, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Centre d'Investigation Clinique, UMR 501, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Division de Recherche Clinique, Délégation Recherche Clinique et Innovation, Centre Jean PERRIN, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Sébastien Bailly
- Département d'Oncologie Médicale, CHU Gabriel Montpied, Clermont-Ferrand
| | - Xavier Durando
- Département d'Oncologie Médicale, Centre Jean PERRIN, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Université Clermont Auvergne, UFR Médecine, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,INSERM U1240 Imgerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, Université Clermont Auvergne, Centre Jean PERRIN, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Centre d'Investigation Clinique, UMR 501, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Division de Recherche Clinique, Délégation Recherche Clinique et Innovation, Centre Jean PERRIN, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Hakim Mahammedi
- Département d'Oncologie Médicale, Centre Jean PERRIN, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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29
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Kandikattu HK, Venkateshaiah SU, Mishra A. Chronic Pancreatitis and the Development of Pancreatic Cancer. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2021; 20:1182-1210. [PMID: 32324526 DOI: 10.2174/1871530320666200423095700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatitis is a fibro-inflammatory disorder of the pancreas that can occur acutely or chronically as a result of the activation of digestive enzymes that damage pancreatic cells, which promotes inflammation. Chronic pancreatitis with persistent fibro-inflammation of the pancreas progresses to pancreatic cancer, which is the fourth leading cause of cancer deaths across the globe. Pancreatic cancer involves cross-talk of inflammatory, proliferative, migratory, and fibrotic mechanisms. In this review, we discuss the role of cytokines in the inflammatory cell storm in pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer and their role in the activation of SDF1α/CXCR4, SOCS3, inflammasome, and NF-κB signaling. The aberrant immune reactions contribute to pathological damage of acinar and ductal cells, and the activation of pancreatic stellate cells to a myofibroblast-like phenotype. We summarize several aspects involved in the promotion of pancreatic cancer by inflammation and include a number of regulatory molecules that inhibit that process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemanth K Kandikattu
- Department of Medicine, Tulane Eosinophilic Disorders Centre (TEDC), Section of Pulmonary Diseases, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, United States
| | - Sathisha U Venkateshaiah
- Department of Medicine, Tulane Eosinophilic Disorders Centre (TEDC), Section of Pulmonary Diseases, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, United States
| | - Anil Mishra
- Department of Medicine, Tulane Eosinophilic Disorders Centre (TEDC), Section of Pulmonary Diseases, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, United States
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The Janus Face of IL-33 Signaling in Tumor Development and Immune Escape. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13133281. [PMID: 34209038 PMCID: PMC8268428 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13133281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Interleukin-33 (IL-33) is often released from damaged cells, acting as a danger signal. IL-33 exerts its function by interacting with its receptor suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (ST2) that is constitutively expressed on most immune cells. Therefore, IL-33/ST2 signaling can modulate immune responses to participate actively in a variety of pathological conditions, such as cancer. Like a two-faced Janus, which faces opposite directions, IL-33/ST2 signaling may play contradictory roles on its impact on cancer progression through both immune and nonimmune cellular components. Accumulating evidence demonstrates both pro- and anti-tumorigenic properties of IL-33, depending on the complex nature of different tumor immune microenvironments. We summarize and discuss the most recent studies on the contradictory effects of IL-33 on cancer progression and treatment, with a goal to better understanding the various ways for IL-33 as a therapeutic target. Abstract Interleukin-33 (IL-33), a member of the IL-1 cytokine family, plays a critical role in maintaining tissue homeostasis as well as pathological conditions, such as allergy, infectious disease, and cancer, by promoting type 1 and 2 immune responses. Through its specific receptor ST2, IL-33 exerts multifaceted functions through the activation of diverse intracellular signaling pathways. ST2 is expressed in different types of immune cells, including Th2 cells, Th1 cells, CD8+ T cells, regulatory T cells (Treg), cytotoxic NK cells, group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), and myeloid cells. During cancer initiation and progression, the aberrant regulation of the IL-33/ST2 axis in the tumor microenvironment (TME) extrinsically and intrinsically mediates immune editing via modulation of both innate and adaptive immune cell components. The summarized results in this review suggest that IL-33 exerts dual-functioning, pro- as well as anti-tumorigenic effects depending on the tumor type, expression levels, cellular context, and cytokine milieu. A better understanding of the distinct roles of IL-33 in epithelial, stromal, and immune cell compartments will benefit the development of a targeting strategy for this IL-33/ST2 axis for cancer immunotherapy.
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Fettrelet T, Gigon L, Karaulov A, Yousefi S, Simon HU. The Enigma of Eosinophil Degranulation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22137091. [PMID: 34209362 PMCID: PMC8268949 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Eosinophils are specialized white blood cells, which are involved in the pathology of diverse allergic and nonallergic inflammatory diseases. Eosinophils are traditionally known as cytotoxic effector cells but have been suggested to additionally play a role in immunomodulation and maintenance of homeostasis. The exact role of these granule-containing leukocytes in health and diseases is still a matter of debate. Degranulation is one of the key effector functions of eosinophils in response to diverse stimuli. The different degranulation patterns occurring in eosinophils (piecemeal degranulation, exocytosis and cytolysis) have been extensively studied in the last few years. However, the exact mechanism of the diverse degranulation types remains unknown and is still under investigation. In this review, we focus on recent findings and highlight the diversity of stimulation and methods used to evaluate eosinophil degranulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothée Fettrelet
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Inselspital, INO-F, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland; (T.F.); (L.G.); (S.Y.)
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, CH-1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Lea Gigon
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Inselspital, INO-F, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland; (T.F.); (L.G.); (S.Y.)
| | - Alexander Karaulov
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Shida Yousefi
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Inselspital, INO-F, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland; (T.F.); (L.G.); (S.Y.)
| | - Hans-Uwe Simon
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Inselspital, INO-F, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland; (T.F.); (L.G.); (S.Y.)
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420012 Kazan, Russia
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical School Brandenburg, D-16816 Neuruppin, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +41-31-632-3281
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Schreiber S, Hammers CM, Kaasch AJ, Schraven B, Dudeck A, Kahlfuss S. Metabolic Interdependency of Th2 Cell-Mediated Type 2 Immunity and the Tumor Microenvironment. Front Immunol 2021; 12:632581. [PMID: 34135885 PMCID: PMC8201396 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.632581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The function of T cells is critically dependent on their ability to generate metabolic building blocks to fulfil energy demands for proliferation and consecutive differentiation into various T helper (Th) cells. Th cells then have to adapt their metabolism to specific microenvironments within different organs during physiological and pathological immune responses. In this context, Th2 cells mediate immunity to parasites and are involved in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases including asthma, while CD8+ T cells and Th1 cells mediate immunity to viruses and tumors. Importantly, recent studies have investigated the metabolism of Th2 cells in more detail, while others have studied the influence of Th2 cell-mediated type 2 immunity on the tumor microenvironment (TME) and on tumor progression. We here review recent findings on the metabolism of Th2 cells and discuss how Th2 cells contribute to antitumor immunity. Combining the evidence from both types of studies, we provide here for the first time a perspective on how the energy metabolism of Th2 cells and the TME interact. Finally, we elaborate how a more detailed understanding of the unique metabolic interdependency between Th2 cells and the TME could reveal novel avenues for the development of immunotherapies in treating cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Schreiber
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | | | - Achim J. Kaasch
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation (GCI-3), Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Burkhart Schraven
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation (GCI-3), Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Anne Dudeck
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation (GCI-3), Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Sascha Kahlfuss
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation (GCI-3), Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
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33
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Tumor-Derived Lactic Acid Contributes to the Paucity of Intratumoral ILC2s. Cell Rep 2021; 30:2743-2757.e5. [PMID: 32101749 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.01.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are abundant in non-lymphoid tissues and increase following infectious and inflammatory insults. In solid tumors, however, ILC2s constitute a relatively small proportion of immune cells. Here, we show, using melanoma as a model, that while the IL-33/IL C2/eosinophil axis suppresses tumor growth, tumor-derived lactate attenuates the function and survival of ILC2s. Melanomas with reduced lactate production (LDHAlow) are growth delayed and typified by an increased number of ILC2s compared with control tumors. Upon IL-33 stimulation, ILC2s accompanied by eosinophils more effectively restrain the growth of LDHAlow tumors than control melanomas. Furthermore, database analysis reveals a negative correlation between the expression of LDHA and markers associated with ILC2s and the association of high expression of IL33 and an eosinophil marker SIGLEC8 with better overall survival in human cutaneous melanoma patients. This work demonstrates that the balance between the IL-33/ILC2/eosinophil axis and lactate production by tumor cells regulates melanoma growth.
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Zhao Q, Chen Y, Du S, Yang X, Chen Y, Ji Y, Zeng Z. Integration of radiotherapy with anti-PD-1 antibody for the treatment of intrahepatic or hilar cholangiocarcinoma: reflection from four cases. Cancer Biol Ther 2021; 22:175-183. [PMID: 33722163 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2020.1834792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) represents a clinically challenging disease with a dismal prognosis. A therapeutic plateau has been reached with traditional treatments. However, with immunotherapy advances in cancer therapy, integration of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) with anti-PD-1 antibody shows a synergistic effect and high clinical efficacy in many cancer types. This combination may represent a breakthrough in the treatment of this fatal malignancy. Here, we report four cases of refractory advanced intrahepatic or hilar cholangiocarcinoma that were successfully controlled with anti-PD-1 antibody following or concurrent with SBRT. Furthermore, one case was initially unresectable; however, following this novel combined therapy, it became operable. We discuss the challenges of developing predictive biomarkers for anti-PD-1 antibody responsiveness. We also consider the regulatory effect of SBRT on the tumor microenvironment and the potential advantages of this therapy combination for treatment of intrahepatic or hilar cholangiocarcinoma. These are important considerations and provide direction for future clinical trial designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yixing Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shisuo Du
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinrong Yang
- Department of Liver Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanling Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuan Ji
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaochong Zeng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Lange C, Machado Weber A, Schmidt R, Schroeder C, Strowitzki T, Germeyer A. Changes in protein expression due to metformin treatment and hyperinsulinemia in a human endometrial cancer cell line. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248103. [PMID: 33690729 PMCID: PMC7943011 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of endometrial cancer (EC) has increased over the past years and mainly affects women above the age of 45 years. Metabolic diseases such as obesity and type II diabetes mellitus as well as associated conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia lead to elevated levels of circulating estrogens. Increased estrogen concentrations, in turn, further trigger the proliferation of endometrial cells and thus promote EC development and progression, especially in the absence of progesterone as seen in postmenopausal women. Elevated blood glucose levels in diabetic patients further contribute to the risk of EC development. Metformin is an insulin-sensitizing biguanide drug, commonly used in the treatment of type II diabetes mellitus, especially in obese patients. Besides its effects on glucose metabolism, metformin displayed anti-cancer effects in various cancer types, including EC. Direct anti-cancer effects of metformin target signaling pathways that are involved in cellular growth and proliferation, e.g. the AKT/PKB/mTOR pathway. Further proteins and pathways have been suggested as potential targets, but the underlying mechanism of action of metformin's anti-cancer activity is still not completely understood. In the present study, the effects of metformin on protein expression were investigated in the human EC cell line HEC-1A using an affinity proteomic approach. Cells were treated with 0.5 mmol/L metformin over a period of 7 days and changes in the expression pattern of 1,300 different proteins were compared to the expression in untreated control cells as well as insulin-treated cells. Insulin treatment (100 ng/mL) was incorporated into the study in order to implement a model for insulin resistance and associated hyperinsulinemia, conditions that are often observed in obese and diabetic patients. Furthermore, the culture medium was supplemented with 10 nmol/L ß-estradiol (E2) during treatments to mimic increased estrogen levels, a common risk factor for EC development. Based on the most prominent and significant changes in expression, a set of 80 proteins was selected and subjected to a more detailed analysis. The data revealed that metformin and insulin targeted similar pathways in the present study and mostly acted on proteins related to proliferation, migration and tumor immune response. These pathways may be affected in a tumor-promoting as well as a tumor-suppressing way by either metformin treatment or insulin supplementation. The consequences for the cells resulting from the detected expression changes were discussed in detail for several proteins. The presented data helps identify potential targets affected by metformin treatment in EC and allows for a better understanding of the mechanism of action of the biguanide drug's anti-cancer activity. However, further investigations are necessary to confirm the observations and conclusions drawn from the presented data after metformin administration, especially for proteins that were regulated in a favorable way, i.e. AKT3, CCND2, CD63, CD81, GFAP, IL5, IL17A, IRF4, PI3, and VTCN1. Further proteins might be of interest, where metformin counteracted unfavorable effects that have been induced by hyperinsulinemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Lange
- Department of Gynecologic Endocrinology and Fertility Disorders, Women’s Hospital, Ruprecht-Karls University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Amanda Machado Weber
- Department of Gynecologic Endocrinology and Fertility Disorders, Women’s Hospital, Ruprecht-Karls University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | - Thomas Strowitzki
- Department of Gynecologic Endocrinology and Fertility Disorders, Women’s Hospital, Ruprecht-Karls University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ariane Germeyer
- Department of Gynecologic Endocrinology and Fertility Disorders, Women’s Hospital, Ruprecht-Karls University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Want MY, Tsuji T, Singh PK, Thorne JL, Matsuzaki J, Karasik E, Gillard B, Cortes Gomez E, Koya RC, Lugade A, Odunsi K, Battaglia S. WHSC1/NSD2 regulates immune infiltration in prostate cancer. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:jitc-2020-001374. [PMID: 33589522 PMCID: PMC7887377 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-001374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunotherapy in prostate cancer (PCa) lags behind the progresses obtained in other cancer types partially because of its limited immune infiltration. Tumor-resident immune cells have been detected in the prostate, but the regulatory mechanisms that govern tumor infiltration are still poorly understood. To address this gap, we investigated the role of Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome candidate 1 (WHSC1), a histone methyltransferase enzyme that targets dimethyl and trimethyl H3K36. WHSC1 is known to promote malignant growth and progression in multiple tumors, but its role in the interface between PCa and immune system is unknown. METHODS RNA Sequencing (RNASeq) data from patients with PCa from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were collected and divided into top/bottom 30% based on the expression of WHSC1 and disease-free survival was calculated. Publicly available chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIPSeq) data were obtained from Cistrome and integrated with the available RNASeq data. RNASeq, ATACSeq and methylomic were analyzed using R Bioconductor packages comparing C42 cells with or without stable knockdown on WHSC1. Flow cytometry was used to measure Major Histocompatibility complex (MHC) levels, MHC-bound ovalbumin and tumor infiltration. C57B6 and NOD scid gamma (NSG) mice were subcutaneously grafted with TRansgenic Adenocarcinoma of the Mouse Prostate (TRAMP) C2 cells and treated with MCTP39 (10 mg/kg); tumor size was monitored over time and curves were compared using permutation analyses. All analyses used a significance threshold of 0.05. RESULTS Leveraging TCGA data, we demonstrated that elevated WHSC1 levels positively correlate with the presence of an immunosuppressive microenvironment. We validated those results in vitro, demonstrating that genetic and pharmacological inhibition of WHSC1 restores antigen presentation. This occurs via an elegant epigenetic regulation of gene expression at the chromatin and DNA methylation levels. In vivo studies in immunocompetent mice also show an increased frequency of CD8+ T cells in tumors from mice treated with WHSC1 inhibitor, supporting the hypothesis that the antitumor effect following WHSC1 inhibition requires a fully functional immune system. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates a novel role for WHSC1 in defining immune infiltration in PCa, with significant future implications for the use of immunotherapies in prostate malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muzamil Y Want
- Center For Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Takemasa Tsuji
- Center For Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Prashant K Singh
- Genomics Shared Resource, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - James L Thorne
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK
| | - Junko Matsuzaki
- Center For Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Ellen Karasik
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Bryan Gillard
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Eduardo Cortes Gomez
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Richard C Koya
- Center For Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Amit Lugade
- Center For Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Kunle Odunsi
- Center For Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Sebastiano Battaglia
- Center For Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
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McKenna MK, Englisch A, Brenner B, Smith T, Hoyos V, Suzuki M, Brenner MK. Mesenchymal stromal cell delivery of oncolytic immunotherapy improves CAR-T cell antitumor activity. Mol Ther 2021; 29:1808-1820. [PMID: 33571680 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) is a formidable barrier to the success of adoptive cell therapies for solid tumors. Oncolytic immunotherapy with engineered adenoviruses (OAd) may disrupt the TME by infecting tumor cells, as well as surrounding stroma, to improve the functionality of tumor-directed chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells, yet efficient delivery of OAds to solid tumors has been challenging. Here we describe how mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) can be used to systemically deliver a binary vector containing an OAd together with a helper-dependent Ad (HDAd; combinatorial Ad vector [CAd]) that expresses interleukin-12 (IL-12) and checkpoint PD-L1 (programmed death-ligand 1) blocker. CAd-infected MSCs deliver and produce functional virus to infect and lyse lung tumor cells while stimulating CAR-T cell anti-tumor activity by release of IL-12 and PD-L1 blocker. The combination of this approach with administration of HER.2-specific CAR-T cells eliminates 3D tumor spheroids in vitro and suppresses tumor growth in two orthotopic lung cancer models in vivo. Treatment with CAd MSCs increases the overall numbers of human T cells in vivo compared to CAR-T cell only treatment and enhances their polyfunctional cytokine secretion. These studies combine the predictable targeting of CAR-T cells with the advantages of cancer cell lysis and TME disruption by systemic MSC delivery of oncolytic virotherapy: incorporation of immunostimulation by cytokine and checkpoint inhibitor production through the HDAd further enhances anti-tumor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary K McKenna
- Baylor College of Medicine, Center for Cell Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Alexander Englisch
- Baylor College of Medicine, Center for Cell Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Benjamin Brenner
- Baylor College of Medicine, Center for Cell Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd., Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Tyler Smith
- Baylor College of Medicine, Center for Cell Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Valentina Hoyos
- Baylor College of Medicine, Center for Cell Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Masataka Suzuki
- Baylor College of Medicine, Center for Cell Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Malcolm K Brenner
- Baylor College of Medicine, Center for Cell Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Mattei F, Andreone S, Marone G, Gambardella AR, Loffredo S, Varricchi G, Schiavoni G. Eosinophils in the Tumor Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1273:1-28. [PMID: 33119873 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-49270-0_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Eosinophils are rare blood-circulating and tissue-infiltrating immune cells studied for decades in the context of allergic diseases and parasitic infections. Eosinophils can secrete a wide array of soluble mediators and effector molecules, with potential immunoregulatory activities in the tumor microenvironment (TME). These findings imply that these cells may play a role in cancer immunity. Despite these cells were known to infiltrate tumors since many years ago, their role in TME is gaining attention only recently. In this chapter, we will review the main biological functions of eosinophils that can be relevant within the TME. We will discuss how these cells may undergo phenotypic changes acquiring pro- or antitumoricidal properties according to the surrounding stimuli. Moreover, we will analyze canonical (i.e., degranulation) and unconventional mechanisms (i.e., DNA traps, exosome secretion) employed by eosinophils in inflammatory contexts, which can be relevant for tumor immune responses. Finally, we will review the available preclinical models that could be employed for the study of the role in vivo of eosinophils in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Mattei
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Andreone
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Marone
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedali dei Colli - Monaldi Hospital Pharmacy, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Stefania Loffredo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,WAO Center of Excellence, Naples, Italy.,Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology "G. Salvatore" (IEOS), National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Gilda Varricchi
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy. .,WAO Center of Excellence, Naples, Italy. .,Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology "G. Salvatore" (IEOS), National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy.
| | - Giovanna Schiavoni
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
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Lagisetty KH, McEwen DP, Nancarrow DJ, Schiebel JG, Ferrer-Torres D, Ray D, Frankel TL, Lin J, Chang AC, Kresty LA, Beer DG. Immune determinants of Barrett's progression to esophageal adenocarcinoma. JCI Insight 2021; 6:143888. [PMID: 33290281 PMCID: PMC7821593 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.143888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) develops from Barrett’s esophagus (BE), a chronic inflammatory state that can progress through a series of transformative dysplastic states before tumor development. While molecular and genetic changes of EAC tumors have been studied, immune microenvironment changes during Barrett’s progression to EAC remain poorly understood. In this study, we identify potential immunologic changes that can occur during BE-to-EAC progression. RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) analysis on tissue samples from EAC patients undergoing surgical resection demonstrated that a subset of chemokines and cytokines, most notably IL6 and CXCL8, increased during BE progression to EAC. xCell deconvolution analysis investigating immune cell population changes demonstrated that the largest changes in expression during BE progression occurred in M2 macrophages, pro–B cells, and eosinophils. Multiplex immunohistochemical staining of tissue microarrays showed increased immune cell populations during Barrett’s progression to high-grade dysplasia. In contrast, EAC tumor sections were relatively immune poor, with a rise in PD-L1 expression and loss of CD8+ T cells. These data demonstrate that the EAC microenvironment is characterized by poor cytotoxic effector cell infiltration and increased immune inhibitory signaling. These findings suggest an immunosuppressive microenvironment, highlighting the need for further studies to explore immune modulatory therapy in EAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran H Lagisetty
- Department of Surgery, Section of Thoracic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,VA Ann Arbor Health Care System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Dyke P McEwen
- Department of Surgery, Section of Thoracic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Derek J Nancarrow
- Department of Surgery, Section of Thoracic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Johnathon G Schiebel
- Department of Surgery, Section of Thoracic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Dipankar Ray
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Timothy L Frankel
- Department of Surgery, Section of Thoracic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jules Lin
- Department of Surgery, Section of Thoracic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Andrew C Chang
- Department of Surgery, Section of Thoracic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Laura A Kresty
- Department of Surgery, Section of Thoracic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - David G Beer
- Department of Surgery, Section of Thoracic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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40
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Andreone S, Gambardella AR, Mancini J, Loffredo S, Marcella S, La Sorsa V, Varricchi G, Schiavoni G, Mattei F. Anti-Tumorigenic Activities of IL-33: A Mechanistic Insight. Front Immunol 2020; 11:571593. [PMID: 33329534 PMCID: PMC7734277 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.571593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-33 (IL-33) is an epithelial-derived cytokine that can be released upon tissue damage, stress, or infection, acting as an alarmin for the immune system. IL-33 has long been studied in the context of Th2-related immunopathologies, such as allergic diseases and parasitic infections. However, its capacity to stimulate also Th1-type of immune responses is now well established. IL-33 binds to its specific receptor ST2 expressed by most immune cell populations, modulating a variety of responses. In cancer immunity, IL-33 can display both pro-tumoral and anti-tumoral functions, depending on the specific microenvironment. Recent findings indicate that IL-33 can effectively stimulate immune effector cells (NK and CD8+ T cells), eosinophils, basophils and type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) promoting direct and indirect anti-tumoral activities. In this review, we summarize the most recent advances on anti-tumor immune mechanisms operated by IL-33, including the modulation of immune checkpoint molecules, with the aim to understand its potential as a therapeutic target in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Andreone
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Jacopo Mancini
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Loffredo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology "G. Salvatore", National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Simone Marcella
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Valentina La Sorsa
- Research Coordination and Support Service, CoRI, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Gilda Varricchi
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology "G. Salvatore", National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Schiavoni
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Mattei
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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41
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Maggi E, Veneziani I, Moretta L, Cosmi L, Annunziato F. Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells: A Double-Edged Sword in Cancer? Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113452. [PMID: 33233582 PMCID: PMC7699723 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells (ILC2s) belong to the family of helper ILCs which provide host defense against infectious agents, participate in inflammatory responses and mediate lymphoid organogenesis and tissue repair, mainly at the skin and mucosal level. Based on their transcriptional, phenotypic and functional profile, ILC2s mirror the features of the adaptive CD4+ Th2 cell subset, both contributing to the so-called type 2 immune response. Similar to other ILCs, ILC2s are rapidly activated by signals deriving from tissue and/or other tissue-resident immune cells. The biologic activity of ILCs needs to be tightly regulated in order to prevent them from contributing to severe inflammation and damage in several organs. Indeed, ILC2s display both enhancing and regulatory roles in several pathophysiological conditions, including tumors. In this review, we summarize the actual knowledge about ILC2s ability to induce or impair a protective immune response, their pro- or antitumor activity in murine models, human (children and adults) pathologies and the potential strategies to improve cancer immunotherapy by exploiting the features of ILC2s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Maggi
- Immunology Department, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, 00165 Rome, Italy; (I.V.); (L.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06-6859-3617
| | - Irene Veneziani
- Immunology Department, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, 00165 Rome, Italy; (I.V.); (L.M.)
| | - Lorenzo Moretta
- Immunology Department, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, 00165 Rome, Italy; (I.V.); (L.M.)
| | - Lorenzo Cosmi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (L.C.); (F.A.)
| | - Francesco Annunziato
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (L.C.); (F.A.)
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Korbecki J, Olbromski M, Dzięgiel P. CCL18 in the Progression of Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21217955. [PMID: 33114763 PMCID: PMC7663205 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21217955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A neoplastic tumor consists of cancer cells that interact with each other and non-cancerous cells that support the development of the cancer. One such cell are tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). These cells secrete many chemokines into the tumor microenvironment, including especially a large amount of CCL18. This chemokine is a marker of the M2 macrophage subset; this is the reason why an increase in the production of CCL18 is associated with the immunosuppressive nature of the tumor microenvironment and an important element of cancer immune evasion. Consequently, elevated levels of CCL18 in the serum and the tumor are connected with a worse prognosis for the patient. This paper shows the importance of CCL18 in neoplastic processes. It includes a description of the signal transduction from PITPNM3 in CCL18-dependent migration, invasion, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) cancer cells. The importance of CCL18 in angiogenesis has also been described. The paper also describes the effect of CCL18 on the recruitment to the cancer niche and the functioning of cells such as TAMs, regulatory T cells (Treg), cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and tumor-associated dendritic cells (TADCs). The last part of the paper describes the possibility of using CCL18 as a therapeutic target during anti-cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Korbecki
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, Chałubińskiego 6a St, 50-368 Wrocław, Poland; (M.O.); (P.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-717-841-354
| | - Mateusz Olbromski
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, Chałubińskiego 6a St, 50-368 Wrocław, Poland; (M.O.); (P.D.)
| | - Piotr Dzięgiel
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, Chałubińskiego 6a St, 50-368 Wrocław, Poland; (M.O.); (P.D.)
- Department of Physiotherapy, Wroclaw University School of Physical Education, Ignacego Jana Paderewskiego 35 Av., 51-612 Wroclaw, Poland
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Grisaru-Tal S, Itan M, Klion AD, Munitz A. A new dawn for eosinophils in the tumour microenvironment. Nat Rev Cancer 2020; 20:594-607. [PMID: 32678342 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-020-0283-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Eosinophils are evolutionarily conserved, pleotropic cells that display key effector functions in allergic diseases, such as asthma. Nonetheless, eosinophils infiltrate multiple tumours and are equipped to regulate tumour progression either directly by interacting with tumour cells or indirectly by shaping the tumour microenvironment (TME). Eosinophils can readily respond to diverse stimuli and are capable of synthesizing and secreting a large range of molecules, including unique granule proteins that can potentially kill tumour cells. Alternatively, they can secrete pro-angiogenic and matrix-remodelling soluble mediators that could promote tumour growth. Herein, we aim to comprehensively outline basic eosinophil biology that is directly related to their activity in the TME. We discuss the mechanisms of eosinophil homing to the TME and examine their diverse pro-tumorigenic and antitumorigenic functions. Finally, we present emerging data regarding eosinophils as predictive biomarkers and effector cells in immunotherapy, especially in response to immune checkpoint blockade therapy, and highlight outstanding questions for future basic and clinical cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Grisaru-Tal
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Michal Itan
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Amy D Klion
- Human Eosinophil Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ariel Munitz
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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Interleukin 15 and Eotaxin correlate with the outcome of breast cancer patients vice versa independent of CTC status. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2020; 303:217-230. [PMID: 32929618 PMCID: PMC7854415 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-020-05793-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Background Circulating tumor cells (CTC) in the peripheral blood in women with breast cancer has been found to be an indicator of prognosis before the start of systemic treatment. The aim of this study is the assessment of specific cytokine profiles as markers for CTC involvement that could act as independent prognostic markers in terms of survival outcome for breast cancer patients. Methods Patients selected for this study were defined as women with breast cancer of the SUCCESS study. A total of 200 patients’ sera were included in this study, 100 patients being positive for circulating tumor cells (CTC) and 100 patients being CTC negative. The matching criteria were histo-pathological grading, lymph node metastasis, hormone receptor status, TNM classification, and patient survival. Commercial ELISA with a multi cytokine/chemokine array was used to screen the sera for Interleukin 15 (IL-15) and eotaxin.
Results Statistically significant concentrations were exposed for IL-15 levels regardless of the CTC-Status, lymph node involvement, or hormone receptor status. Significantly enhanced serum IL-15 concentrations were observed in those patients with worse overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). Elevated serum concentrations of IL-15 significantly correlate with patients diagnosed with Grade 3 tumor and worse OS. In contrast, patients with a Grade 3 tumor with a favourable OS and DFS demonstrated significantly decreased IL-15 values. The CTC negative patient subgroup with a favourable OS and DFS, showed statistically significant elevated eotaxin values. Conclusion These findings suggest a potential functional interaction of increased IL-15 concentrations in the peripheral blood of patients with a worse OS and DFS, regardless of prognostic factors at primary diagnosis. The increased levels of the chemokine eotaxin in CTC negative patients and a favourable OS and DFS, on the other hand, suggest that the overexpression inhibits CTCs entering the peripheral blood, thus emphasizing a significant inhibition of circulation specific metastasis. To sum up, IL-15 could be used as an independent prognostic marker in terms of survival outcome for breast cancer patients and used as an early indicator to highlight high-risk patients and consequently the adjustment of cancer therapy strategies.
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Zhang X, Li C, Xiao L, Gao C, Zhao W, Yang M, Sun T, Wang F. Predicting Individual Prognosis and Grade of Patients with Glioma Based on Preoperative Eosinophil and Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:5793-5802. [PMID: 32765082 PMCID: PMC7368567 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s260695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Eosinophils are proven to play a role in the prognosis of some malignant-tumors. The prognostic value of eosinophils in glioma patients is, however, scarcely reported. The authors of this article have designed a novel prognostic indicator based on eosinophils and the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), named ENS, to predict the survival of patients with glioma. Methods A retrospective study was conducted on 217 glioma patients. The cut-off values for eosinophil, NLR, and other clinical variables were determined by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Patients with both low eosinophil count (<0.08 ×109/L) and high NLR (≥1.70) were given a score of 2. Those with one or neither got a score of 1 or 0, respectively. The nomogram was based on ENS and several other clinical variables, its performance was determined by the concordance index (c-index). Results Our results showed that ENS is an independent prognostic indicator for overall survival (OS). The three-year OS rates for low-grade glioma patients (LGGs) were 84.0%, 69.0%, and 46.4% for ENS=0, ENS=1, and ENS=2, respectively (P=0.014). The three-year OS incidence for LGGs stratified into eosinophils count ≥0.08×109/L and<0.08×109/L subgroups were 88.1% and 80.0%, respectively (P=0.043). ENS was positively correlated with glioma grade (r=0.311, P<0.001). The c-index for OS prognosis was 0.80 using this nomogram in LGGs. Conclusion Preoperative ENS can predict OS to some extent for LGGs and can increase prognostic accuracy for individual OS in LGGs postoperatively when incorporating other clinical variables compose a nomogram.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750000, People's Republic of China.,Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Disease, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750000, People's Republic of China
| | - Can Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750000, People's Republic of China.,Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Disease, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750000, People's Republic of China
| | - Lifei Xiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750000, People's Republic of China.,Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Disease, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750000, People's Republic of China
| | - Caibin Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750000, People's Republic of China.,Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Disease, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750000, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750000, People's Republic of China.,Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Disease, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750000, People's Republic of China
| | - Maolin Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750000, People's Republic of China.,Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Disease, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750000, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750000, People's Republic of China.,Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Disease, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750000, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750000, People's Republic of China.,Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Disease, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750000, People's Republic of China
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Immunocheckpoint Inhibitor- (Nivolumab-) Associated Hypereosinophilia in Non-Small-Cell Lung Carcinoma. Case Rep Oncol Med 2020; 2020:7492634. [PMID: 32509368 PMCID: PMC7245658 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7492634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunocheckpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy has provided significant clinical improvements in the treatment of several malignancies. The purpose of this report is to increase awareness of hypereosinophilia associated with checkpoint inhibitors, a topic that has been rarely reported. Hypereosinophilia may need to be addressed especially if eosinophil counts increase to levels where hypereosinophilic visceral complications can occur. We are presenting a case of a 57-year-old male with hypereosinophilia that was seen in the setting of progression of metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer during and after nivolumab treatment.
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Factors that affect blood eosinophil counts in a non-asthmatic population: Post hoc analysis of data from Brazil. World Allergy Organ J 2020; 13:100119. [PMID: 32435326 PMCID: PMC7232113 DOI: 10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Improved understanding of the normal range of blood eosinophil counts (BEC) and conditions that influence them in non-asthmatic individuals should allow more accurate estimation of the threshold at which eosinophilic disease should be considered, diagnosed, and treated. This analysis investigated the impact of atopy, smoking, and parasitic infection on BEC. Methods This was a post hoc analysis of non-asthmatic subjects from a case-control study (CONEP 450/10) conducted at the Program for Control of Asthma in Bahia (ProAR). Participant BECs were measured at baseline; correlations between predefined risk factors and BEC were assessed via univariate and stratified analysis. Results Of the 454 participants included, 3% were helminth parasite-positive, 18% were non-helminth parasite-positive; and 450 had BEC data. The median (interquartile range [IQR]) BEC was 152 (96, 252) cells/μL. Any positive skin prick test, elevated total immunoglobulin E, allergic rhinitis, and being a current smoker were all individually associated with higher BEC (p < 0.05) compared with BEC in participants without these factors, but having a non-helminthic parasitic infection was not. Participants with all 4 risk factors that were associated with higher BEC had a median (IQR) BEC of 192 cells/μL (94, 416) versus 106 cells/μL (70, 164) for those with no risk factors. Conclusions In non-asthmatic subjects, atopy, allergic rhinitis, and current smoking status were associated with higher BEC compared with subjects without these factors, but BEC values were well below the threshold commonly accepted as normal. Therefore, BEC should be interpreted in the context of an individual's medical conditions and other BEC-influencing factors.
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Key Words
- AR, allergic rhinitis
- Atopy
- BEC, blood eosinophil counts
- BMI, body mass index
- Biomarker
- COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- EGPA, eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis
- Eosinophil
- FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1s
- GINA, Global Initiative for Asthma
- IL, interleukin
- IQR, interquartile range
- IgE, immunoglobulin E
- Normal range
- Parasite
- ProAR, Program for Control of Asthma in Bahia
- SPT, skin prick test
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Jackson DJ, Korn S, Mathur SK, Barker P, Meka VG, Martin UJ, Zangrilli JG. Safety of Eosinophil-Depleting Therapy for Severe, Eosinophilic Asthma: Focus on Benralizumab. Drug Saf 2020; 43:409-425. [PMID: 32242310 PMCID: PMC7165132 DOI: 10.1007/s40264-020-00926-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Eosinophils play a pivotal role in the inflammatory pathology of asthma and have been the target of new biologic treatments for patients with eosinophilic asthma. Given the central role of interleukin (IL)-5 in the eosinophil lifecycle, several therapies directed against the IL-5 pathway have been developed, including the anti-IL-5 antibodies mepolizumab and reslizumab and the IL-5 receptor α (IL-5Rα)-directed cytolytic antibody benralizumab. Eosinophil-depleting therapies represent a relatively new class of asthma treatment, and it is important to understand their long-term efficacy and safety. Eosinophils have been associated with host protection and tumor growth, raising potential concerns about the consequences of long-term therapies that deplete eosinophils. However, evidence for these associations in humans is conflicting and largely indirect or based on mouse models. Substantial prospective clinical trial and postmarketing data have accrued, providing insight into the potential risks associated with eosinophil depletion. In this review, we explore the current safety profile of eosinophil-reducing therapies, with particular attention to the potential risks of malignancies and severe infections and a focus on benralizumab. Benralizumab is an IL-5Rα-directed cytolytic monoclonal antibody that targets and efficiently depletes blood and tissue eosinophils through antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Benralizumab is intended to treat patients with severe, uncontrolled asthma with eosinophilic inflammation. The integrated analyses of benralizumab safety data from the phase III SIROCCO and CALIMA trials and subsequent BORA extension trial for patients with asthma, and the phase III GALATHEA and TERRANOVA trials for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, form the principal basis for this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Jackson
- Guy's Severe Asthma Centre, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Trust, London, UK
- Asthma UK Centre, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Stephanie Korn
- Universitätsmedizin Mainz, Langenbeckstr, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sameer K Mathur
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Peter Barker
- Research and Development, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | | | - Ubaldo J Martin
- Research and Development, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - James G Zangrilli
- Global Medical Affairs, BioPharmaceuticals Medical, AstraZeneca, One MedImmune Way, Gaithersburg, MD, 20878, USA.
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Ishihara H, Tachibana H, Takagi T, Kondo T, Fukuda H, Yoshida K, Iizuka J, Kobayashi H, Okumi M, Ishida H, Tanabe K. Predictive Impact of Peripheral Blood Markers and C-Reactive Protein in Nivolumab Therapy for Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma. Target Oncol 2020; 14:453-463. [PMID: 31359231 DOI: 10.1007/s11523-019-00660-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Predictive factors that can be routinely used in clinical practice are critically needed for immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). OBJECTIVE To comprehensively analyze the predictive impact of peripheral blood markers and C-reactive protein (CRP) in nivolumab therapy for mRCC. METHODS Fifty-eight patients were retrospectively evaluated. We evaluated neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), absolute eosinophil count (AEC), and absolute monocyte count (AMC) as peripheral blood markers as well as serum CRP levels. The primary endpoints were progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) after nivolumab initiation. RESULTS Median PFS was significantly shorter in patients with high NLR (≥ 3) versus low NLR (p = 0.0356), high MLR (≥ 0.3) versus low MLR (p = 0.0013), or high PLR (≥ 160) versus low PLR (p = 0.0073), and median OS was significantly shorter in patients with high NLR versus low NLR (p = 0.0025), high MLR versus low MLR (p = 0.0025), high PLR versus low PLR (p = 0.0256), or high CRP (≥ 1.0 mg/dl) versus low CRP (p = 0.0006). Multivariate analyses showed that MLR (HR 2.65, p = 0.0068) was an independent factor for PFS and that NLR (HR 3.34, p = 0.0218), MLR (HR 3.42, p = 0.0381), and CRP (HR 4.98, p = 0.0108) were independent factors for OS. CONCLUSIONS The systemic inflammatory factors NLR, MLR, and CRP were predictive factors in nivolumab therapy for mRCC. These easily monitored factors can contribute to effective treatment and follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Ishihara
- Department of Urology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Tachibana
- Department of Urology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Medical Center East, 2-1-10 Nishiogu, Arakawa-ku, Tokyo, 116-8567, Japan
| | - Toshio Takagi
- Department of Urology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan
| | - Tsunenori Kondo
- Department of Urology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Medical Center East, 2-1-10 Nishiogu, Arakawa-ku, Tokyo, 116-8567, Japan.
| | - Hironori Fukuda
- Department of Urology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Yoshida
- Department of Urology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan
| | - Junpei Iizuka
- Department of Urology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan
| | - Hirohito Kobayashi
- Department of Urology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Medical Center East, 2-1-10 Nishiogu, Arakawa-ku, Tokyo, 116-8567, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Okumi
- Department of Urology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan
| | - Hideki Ishida
- Department of Urology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan
| | - Kazunari Tanabe
- Department of Urology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan
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50
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Lou Y, Marin-Acevedo JA, Vishnu P, Manochakian R, Dholaria B, Soyano A, Luo Y, Zhang Y, Knutson KL. Hypereosinophilia in a patient with metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer treated with antiprogrammed cell death 1 (anti-PD-1) therapy. Immunotherapy 2020; 11:577-584. [PMID: 30943864 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2018-0128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors have changed the treatment paradigm for patients with cancer. Though a majority of patients tolerate treatment, some develop hematologic toxicities, including eosinophilia. Eosinophilia has been associated with better responses in some patients with melanoma, but this has not been investigated in non-small-cell lung cancer. We present a case of a woman with metastatic lung adenocarcinoma who developed asymptomatic hypereosinophilia after initiation of nivolumab. Her eosinophil count temporarily decreased after transiently stopping the medication, but increased again after re-initiation. She had a favorable tumor response to therapy. This exemplifies the potential role of eosinophilia as a peripheral, readily available biomarker of favorable response to immunotherapy in patients with lung cancer. Awareness of this manifestation is important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Lou
- Division of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | | | - Prakash Vishnu
- Division of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Rami Manochakian
- Division of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Bhagirathbhai Dholaria
- Division of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA.,Division of Hematology & Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 32224 , USA
| | - Aixa Soyano
- Division of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA.,Division of Hematology & Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 32224, USA
| | - Yan Luo
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Keith L Knutson
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
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