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Lei PJ, Fraser C, Jones D, Ubellacker JM, Padera TP. Lymphatic system regulation of anti-cancer immunity and metastasis. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1449291. [PMID: 39211044 PMCID: PMC11357954 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1449291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer dissemination to lymph nodes (LN) is associated with a worse prognosis, increased incidence of distant metastases and reduced response to therapy. The LN microenvironment puts selective pressure on cancer cells, creating cells that can survive in LN as well as providing survival advantages for distant metastatic spread. Additionally, the presence of cancer cells leads to an immunosuppressive LN microenvironment, favoring the evasion of anti-cancer immune surveillance. However, recent studies have also characterized previously unrecognized roles for tumor-draining lymph nodes (TDLNs) in cancer immunotherapy response, including acting as a reservoir for pre-exhausted CD8+ T cells and stem-like CD8+ T cells. In this review, we will discuss the spread of cancer cells through the lymphatic system, the roles of TDLNs in metastasis and anti-cancer immune responses, and the therapeutic opportunities and challenges in targeting LN metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin-Ji Lei
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories for Tumor Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Cameron Fraser
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Dennis Jones
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jessalyn M. Ubellacker
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Timothy P. Padera
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories for Tumor Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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2
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Fry L, Roys H, Bowlin A, Venugopal G, Bird JT, Weaver A, Byrum SD, Weinkopff T. Enhanced translational activity is linked to lymphatic endothelial cell activation in cutaneous leishmaniasis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.08.07.605632. [PMID: 39211126 PMCID: PMC11361129 DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.07.605632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a significant public health problem leading to permanently disfiguring skin lesions caused by Leishmania parasites. Lesion severity stems from an excessive host inflammatory response that prevents healing. Here, we characterized the transcriptional and translational responses of lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) during murine CL using historical single-cell RNA sequencing data combined with flow cytometry and in vivo puromycin incorporation to assess translational activity. We identified upregulation of antigen presentation pathways including MHC-I, MHC-II, and immunoproteasome transcripts in dermal LECs from Leishmania major -infected mice compared to naive controls. LECs also exhibited increased expression of guanylate binding proteins and interferon-inducible genes, indicative of immune activation. Moreover, our findings demonstrate that LECs in leishmanial lesions displayed heightened translational activity relative to LECs from uninflamed ears, and LEC translational activity was highest in activated LECs. Furthermore, LEC translational activity exceeded that of other cell types within the lesion microenvironment. Validating the transcriptomic data, LECs in lesions expressed elevated MHC-II and programmed death-ligand 1 (PDL-1), supporting their potential role in antigen presentation. Functional assays using DQ-OVA confirmed that LECs from leishmanial lesions efficiently uptake and process antigens, highlighting their capability as antigen presenting cells in the inflamed dermal microenvironment. Overall, our study reveals the activation status of LECs in leishmanial lesions, shedding light on their potential role in shaping local immunity and inflammation in a variety of skin diseases.
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3
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Tucker JS, Khan H, D’Orazio SEF. Lymph node stromal cells vary in susceptibility to infection but can support the intracellular growth of Listeria monocytogenes. J Leukoc Biol 2024; 116:132-145. [PMID: 38416405 PMCID: PMC11212796 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiae040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Lymph node stromal cells (LNSCs) are an often overlooked component of the immune system but play a crucial role in maintaining tissue homeostasis and orchestrating immune responses. Our understanding of the functions these cells serve in the context of bacterial infections remains limited. We previously showed that Listeria monocytogenes, a facultative intracellular foodborne bacterial pathogen, must replicate within an as-yet-unidentified cell type in the mesenteric lymph node (MLN) to spread systemically. Here, we show that L. monocytogenes could invade, escape from the vacuole, replicate exponentially, and induce a type I interferon response in the cytosol of 2 LNSC populations infected in vitro, fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs) and blood endothelial cells (BECs). Infected FRCs and BECs also produced a significant chemokine and proinflammatory cytokine response after in vitro infection. Flow cytometric analysis confirmed that GFP+ L. monocytogenes were associated with a small percentage of MLN stromal cells in vivo following foodborne infection of mice. Using fluorescent microscopy, we showed that these cell-associated bacteria were intracellular L. monocytogenes and that the number of infected FRCs and BECs changed over the course of a 3-day infection in mice. Ex vivo culturing of these infected LNSC populations revealed viable, replicating bacteria that grew on agar plates. These results highlight the unexplored potential of FRCs and BECs to serve as suitable growth niches for L. monocytogenes during foodborne infection and to contribute to the proinflammatory environment within the MLN that promotes clearance of listeriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamila S Tucker
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, 780 Rose Street, MS417, Lexington, KY 40536-0298, United States
| | - Hiba Khan
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, 780 Rose Street, MS417, Lexington, KY 40536-0298, United States
| | - Sarah E F D’Orazio
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, 780 Rose Street, MS417, Lexington, KY 40536-0298, United States
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4
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Wang B, Chen K, Gao M, Sun X, He W, Chen J, Yang W, Yang T, Qin H, Ruan H, Huang H, Lin T, Huang J. Chitinase 3-like 1 expression associated with lymphatic metastasis and prognosis in urothelial carcinoma of the bladder. Clin Transl Immunology 2024; 13:e1505. [PMID: 38623539 PMCID: PMC11017757 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives Lymphatic metastasis, an early stage of the metastasis process, is associated with adverse clinical outcomes in urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UCB). However, the role of inflammation in triggering lymphatic metastasis remains unclear. Methods We employed an RNA-sequencing cohort (n = 50) from Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital (SYMH) to identify the most highly upregulated inflammatory gene associated with lymphatic metastasis. Using immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence analyses, we validated the association of the identified molecule with clinical features and prognosis in an independent UCB cohort (n = 244) from SYMH. We also analysed TCGA-BLCA cohort (n = 408) to identify its potential biological pathways and immune landscape. Results In our study, chitinase 3-like 1 (CHI3L1) emerged as a significantly overexpressed proinflammatory mediator in UCB tissues with lymphatic metastasis compared to those without lymphatic metastasis (81.1% vs. 47.8%, P < 0.001). Within UCB tissues, CHI3L1 was expressed in both stromal cells (52.8%) and tumor cells (7.3%). Moreover, CHI3L1+ stromal cells, but not tumor cells, exhibited independent prognostic significance for both overall survival (P < 0.001) and recurrence-free survival (P = 0.006). CHI3L1+ stromal cells were positively associated with D2-40+ lymphatic vessel density (P < 0.001) and the immunosuppressive PD-L1/PD-1/CD8 axis in UCB tissues (all P < 0.05). A bioinformatics analysis also identified a positive association between CHI3L1 expression and lymphangiogenesis or immunosuppression pathways. Conclusion Our study established a clear association between stromal CHI3L1 expression and lymphatic metastasis, suggesting that stromal CHI3L1 expression is a potential prognostic marker for bladder cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen (Zhongshan) UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong‐Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat‐Sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen (Zhongshan) UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Ke Chen
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen (Zhongshan) UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Mingchao Gao
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen (Zhongshan) UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Xi Sun
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen (Zhongshan) UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Wang He
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen (Zhongshan) UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Junyu Chen
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen (Zhongshan) UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Wenjuan Yang
- Department of Hematology, Sun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen (Zhongshan) UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Tenghao Yang
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen (Zhongshan) UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Haide Qin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong‐Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat‐Sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen (Zhongshan) UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Honglian Ruan
- School of Public HealthGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Hao Huang
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen (Zhongshan) UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Tianxin Lin
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen (Zhongshan) UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong‐Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat‐Sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen (Zhongshan) UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Jian Huang
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen (Zhongshan) UniversityGuangzhouChina
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Sheridan RM, Doan TA, Lucas C, Forward TS, Uecker-Martin A, Morrison TE, Hesselberth JR, Tamburini BAJ. A specific and portable gene expression program underlies antigen archiving by lymphatic endothelial cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.01.587647. [PMID: 38617225 PMCID: PMC11014631 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.01.587647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Antigens from protein subunit vaccination traffic from the tissue to the draining lymph node, either passively via the lymph or carried by dendritic cells at the local injection site. Lymph node (LN) lymphatic endothelial cells (LEC) actively acquire and archive foreign antigens, and archived antigen can be released during subsequent inflammatory stimulus to improve immune responses. Here, we answer questions about how LECs achieve durable antigen archiving and whether there are transcriptional signatures associated with LECs containing high levels of antigen. We used single cell sequencing in dissociated LN tissue to quantify antigen levels in LEC and dendritic cell populations at multiple timepoints after immunization, and used machine learning to define a unique transcriptional program within archiving LECs that can predict LEC archiving capacity in independent data sets. Finally, we validated this modeling, showing we could predict antigen archiving from a transcriptional dataset of CHIKV infected mice and demonstrated in vivo the accuracy of our prediction. Collectively, our findings establish a unique transcriptional program in LECs that promotes antigen archiving that can be translated to other systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M. Sheridan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, RNA Bioscience Initiative, University of Colorado School of Medicine
| | - Thu A. Doan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine
- Immunology Graduate Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine
| | - Cormac Lucas
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Tadg S. Forward
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine
| | - Aspen Uecker-Martin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, RNA Bioscience Initiative, University of Colorado School of Medicine
| | | | - Jay R. Hesselberth
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, RNA Bioscience Initiative, University of Colorado School of Medicine
| | - Beth A. Jirón Tamburini
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine
- Immunology Graduate Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Aurora, CO, USA
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6
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Doan TA, Forward TS, Schafer JB, Lucas ED, Fleming I, Uecker-Martin A, Ayala E, Guthmiller JJ, Hesselberth JR, Morrison TE, Tamburini BAJ. Immunization-induced antigen archiving enhances local memory CD8+ T cell responses following an unrelated viral infection. NPJ Vaccines 2024; 9:66. [PMID: 38514656 PMCID: PMC10957963 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-024-00856-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Antigens from viruses or immunizations can persist or are archived in lymph node stromal cells such as lymphatic endothelial cells (LEC) and fibroblastic reticular cells (FRC). Here, we find that, during the time frame of antigen archiving, LEC apoptosis caused by a second, but unrelated, innate immune stimulus such as vaccina viral infection or CpG DNA administration resulted in cross-presentation of archived antigens and boosted memory CD8 + T cells specific to the archived antigen. In contrast to "bystander" activation associated with unrelated infections, the memory CD8 + T cells specific to the archived antigen from the immunization were significantly higher than memory CD8 + T cells of a different antigen specificity. Finally, the boosted memory CD8 + T cells resulted in increased protection against Listeria monocytogenes expressing the antigen from the immunization, but only for the duration that the antigen was archived. These findings outline an important mechanism by which lymph node stromal cell archived antigens, in addition to bystander activation, can augment memory CD8 + T cell responses during repeated inflammatory insults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thu A Doan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
- Immunology Graduate Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Tadg S Forward
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Johnathon B Schafer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Erin D Lucas
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
- Immunology Graduate Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Ira Fleming
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Aspen Uecker-Martin
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Edgardo Ayala
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jenna J Guthmiller
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jay R Hesselberth
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Thomas E Morrison
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Beth A Jirón Tamburini
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.
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Li X, Huntoon K, Wang Y, Lee D, Dong S, Antony A, Walkey C, Kim BYS, Jiang W. Radiation Synergizes with IL2/IL15 Stimulation to Enhance Innate Immune Activation and Antitumor Immunity. Mol Cancer Ther 2024; 23:330-342. [PMID: 37956421 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-23-0236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Ionizing radiation is known to possess immune modulatory properties. However, how radiotherapy (RT) may complement with different types of immunotherapies to boost antitumor responses is unclear. In mice implanted with EO771 syngeneic tumors, NL-201 a stable, highly potent CD25-independent agonist to IL2 and IL15 receptors with enhanced affinity for IL2Rβγ was given with or without RT. Flow analysis and Western blot analysis was performed to determine the mechanisms involved. STING (-/-) and CD11c+ knockout mice were implanted with EO771 tumors to confirm the essential signaling and cell types required to mediate the effects seen. Combination of RT and NL-201 to enhance systemic immunotherapy with an anti-PD-1 checkpoint inhibitor was utilized to determine tumor growth inhibition and survival, along characterization of tumor microenvironment as compared with all other treatment groups. Here, we showed that RT, synergizing with NL-201 produced enhanced antitumor immune responses in murine breast cancer models. When given together, RT and NL-201 enhanced activation of the cytosolic DNA sensor cyclic GMP-AMP synthase-stimulator of IFN genes (cGAS-STING) pathway, resulting in increased type I IFN production in dendritic cells (DC), and consequently greater tumor infiltration and more efficient priming of antigen-specific T cells. The immune stimulatory mechanisms triggered by NL-201 and RT resulted in superior tumor growth inhibition and survival benefit in both localized and metastatic cancers. Our results support further preclinical and clinical investigation of this novel synergism regimen in locally advanced and metastatic settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Li
- Cancer Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Kristin Huntoon
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Yifan Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - DaeYong Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Shiyan Dong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Abin Antony
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Carl Walkey
- Neoleukin Therapeutics, Inc., Seattle, Washington
| | - Betty Y S Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Wen Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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8
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Ge J, Shao H, Ding H, Huang Y, Wu X, Sun J, Que J. Single Cell Analysis of Lung Lymphatic Endothelial Cells and Lymphatic Responses during Influenza Infection. JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2024; 1:10003. [PMID: 38529320 PMCID: PMC10962217 DOI: 10.35534/jrbtm.2024.10003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Tissue lymphatic vessels network plays critical roles in immune surveillance and tissue homeostasis in response to pathogen invasion, but how lymphatic system per se is remolded during infection is less understood. Here, we observed that influenza infection induces a significant increase of lymphatic vessel numbers in the lung, accompanied with extensive proliferation of lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs). Single-cell RNA sequencing illustrated the heterogeneity of LECs, identifying a novel PD-L1+ subpopulation that is present during viral infection but not at steady state. Specific deletion of Pd-l1 in LECs elevated the expansion of lymphatic vessel numbers during viral infection. Together these findings elucidate a dramatic expansion of lung lymphatic network in response to viral infection, and reveal a PD-L1+ LEC subpopulation that potentially modulates lymphatic vessel remolding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Ge
- Columbia Center for Human Development & Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Hongxia Shao
- Columbia Center for Human Development & Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Haihe Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Hongxu Ding
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724 USA
| | - Yuefeng Huang
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Xuebing Wu
- Department of Medicine, Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jie Sun
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Jianwen Que
- Columbia Center for Human Development & Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
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9
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Long H, Steimle JD, Grisanti Canozo FJ, Kim JH, Li X, Morikawa Y, Park M, Turaga D, Adachi I, Wythe JD, Samee MAH, Martin JF. Endothelial cells adopt a pro-reparative immune responsive signature during cardiac injury. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202201870. [PMID: 38012001 PMCID: PMC10681909 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Modulation of the heart's immune microenvironment is crucial for recovery after ischemic events such as myocardial infarction (MI). Endothelial cells (ECs) can have immune regulatory functions; however, interactions between ECs and the immune environment in the heart after MI remain poorly understood. We identified an EC-specific IFN responsive and immune regulatory gene signature in adult and pediatric heart failure (HF) tissues. Single-cell transcriptomic analysis of murine hearts subjected to MI uncovered an EC population (IFN-ECs) with immunologic gene signatures similar to those in human HF. IFN-ECs were enriched in regenerative-stage mouse hearts and expressed genes encoding immune responsive transcription factors (Irf7, Batf2, and Stat1). Single-cell chromatin accessibility studies revealed an enrichment of these TF motifs at IFN-EC signature genes. Expression of immune regulatory ligand genes by IFN-ECs suggests bidirectional signaling between IFN-ECs and macrophages in regenerative-stage hearts. Our data suggest that ECs may adopt immune regulatory signatures after cardiac injury to accompany the reparative response. The presence of these signatures in human HF and murine MI models suggests a potential role for EC-mediated immune regulation in responding to stress induced by acute injury in MI and chronic adverse remodeling in HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hali Long
- https://ror.org/02pttbw34 Interdepartmental Program in Integrative Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- https://ror.org/02pttbw34 Department of Integrative Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Steimle
- https://ror.org/02pttbw34 Department of Integrative Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Jong Hwan Kim
- https://ror.org/02pttbw34 Department of Integrative Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- https://ror.org/00r4vsg44 Cardiomyocyte Renewal Laboratory, The Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xiao Li
- https://ror.org/00r4vsg44 Cardiomyocyte Renewal Laboratory, The Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yuka Morikawa
- https://ror.org/00r4vsg44 Cardiomyocyte Renewal Laboratory, The Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Minjun Park
- https://ror.org/02pttbw34 Department of Integrative Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Diwakar Turaga
- https://ror.org/02pttbw34 Section of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Iki Adachi
- https://ror.org/02pttbw34 Section of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Joshua D Wythe
- https://ror.org/02pttbw34 Department of Integrative Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- https://ror.org/02pttbw34 Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Md Abul Hassan Samee
- https://ror.org/02pttbw34 Department of Integrative Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - James F Martin
- https://ror.org/02pttbw34 Interdepartmental Program in Integrative Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- https://ror.org/02pttbw34 Department of Integrative Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- https://ror.org/00r4vsg44 Cardiomyocyte Renewal Laboratory, The Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX, USA
- https://ror.org/02pttbw34 Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- https://ror.org/02pttbw34 Center for Organ Repair and Renewal, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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10
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Lucas CJ, Sheridan RM, Reynoso GV, Davenport BJ, McCarthy MK, Martin A, Hesselberth JR, Hickman HD, Tamburini BA, Morrison TE. Chikungunya virus infection disrupts lymph node lymphatic endothelial cell composition and function via MARCO. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e176537. [PMID: 38194268 PMCID: PMC11143926 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.176537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Infection with chikungunya virus (CHIKV) causes disruption of draining lymph node (dLN) organization, including paracortical relocalization of B cells, loss of the B cell-T cell border, and lymphocyte depletion that is associated with infiltration of the LN with inflammatory myeloid cells. Here, we found that, during the first 24 hours of infection, CHIKV RNA accumulated in MARCO-expressing lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) in both the floor and medullary LN sinuses. The accumulation of viral RNA in the LN was associated with a switch to an antiviral and inflammatory gene expression program across LN stromal cells, and this inflammatory response - including recruitment of myeloid cells to the LN - was accelerated by CHIKV-MARCO interactions. As CHIKV infection progressed, both floor and medullary LECs diminished in number, suggesting further functional impairment of the LN by infection. Consistent with this idea, antigen acquisition by LECs, a key function of LN LECs during infection and immunization, was reduced during pathogenic CHIKV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cormac J. Lucas
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology and
- RNA Bioscience Initiative, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Ryan M. Sheridan
- RNA Bioscience Initiative, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Glennys V. Reynoso
- Viral Immunity & Pathogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology & Microbiology, National Institutes of Allergy & Infectious Disease, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | - Aspen Martin
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics and
| | - Jay R. Hesselberth
- RNA Bioscience Initiative, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics and
| | - Heather D. Hickman
- Viral Immunity & Pathogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology & Microbiology, National Institutes of Allergy & Infectious Disease, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Beth A.J. Tamburini
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology and
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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11
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Joseph JV, Blaavand MS, Cai H, Vernejoul F, Knopper RW, Lindhardt TB, Skipper KA, Axelgaard E, Reinert L, Mikkelsen JG, Borghammer P, Degn SE, Perouzel E, Hager H, Hansen B, Kalucka JM, Vendelbo M, Paludan SR, Thomsen MK. STING activation counters glioblastoma by vascular alteration and immune surveillance. Cancer Lett 2023; 579:216480. [PMID: 37931834 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive brain tumor with a median survival of 15 months and has limited treatment options. Immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors has shown minimal efficacy in combating GBM, and large clinical trials have failed. New immunotherapy approaches and a deeper understanding of immune surveillance of GBM are needed to advance treatment options for this devastating disease. In this study, we used two preclinical models of GBM: orthotopically delivering either GBM stem cells or employing CRISPR-mediated tumorigenesis by adeno-associated virus, to establish immunologically proficient and non-inflamed tumors, respectively. After tumor development, the innate immune system was activated through long-term STING activation by a pharmacological agonist, which reduced tumor progression and prolonged survival. Recruitment and activation of cytotoxic T-cells were detected in the tumors, and T-cell specificity towards the cancer cells was observed. Interestingly, prolonged STING activation altered the tumor vasculature, inducing hypoxia and activation of VEGFR, as measured by a kinome array and VEGF expression. Combination treatment with anti-PD1 did not provide a synergistic effect, indicating that STING activation alone is sufficient to activate immune surveillance and hinder tumor development through vascular disruption. These results guide future studies to refine innate immune activation as a treatment approach for GBM, in combination with anti-VEGF to impede tumor progression and induce an immunological response against the tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin V Joseph
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Huiqiang Cai
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Rasmus W Knopper
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Thomas B Lindhardt
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Esben Axelgaard
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Line Reinert
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Per Borghammer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Søren E Degn
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Henrik Hager
- Department of Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Brian Hansen
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Mikkel Vendelbo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Søren R Paludan
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Martin K Thomsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies (AIAS), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
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12
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Lucas CJ, Sheridan RM, Reynoso GV, Davenport BJ, McCarthy MK, Martin A, Hesselberth JR, Hickman HD, Tamburini BAJ, Morrison TE. Chikungunya virus infection disrupts lymph node lymphatic endothelial cell composition and function via MARCO. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.12.561615. [PMID: 37873393 PMCID: PMC10592756 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.12.561615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Infection with chikungunya virus (CHIKV) causes disruption of draining lymph node (dLN) organization, including paracortical relocalization of B cells, loss of the B cell-T cell border, and lymphocyte depletion that is associated with infiltration of the LN with inflammatory myeloid cells. Here, we find that during the first 24 h of infection, CHIKV RNA accumulates in MARCO-expressing lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) in both the floor and medullary LN sinuses. The accumulation of viral RNA in the LN was associated with a switch to an antiviral and inflammatory gene expression program across LN stromal cells, and this inflammatory response, including recruitment of myeloid cells to the LN, was accelerated by CHIKV-MARCO interactions. As CHIKV infection progressed, both floor and medullary LECs diminished in number, suggesting further functional impairment of the LN by infection. Consistent with this idea, we find that antigen acquisition by LECs, a key function of LN LECs during infection and immunization, was reduced during pathogenic CHIKV infection.
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13
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Tamburini B, Doan T, Forward T, Lucas E, Fleming I, Uecker-Martin A, Hesselberth J, Morrison T. Vaccine-induced antigen archiving enhances local memory CD8+ T cell responses following an unrelated viral infection. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3307809. [PMID: 37841845 PMCID: PMC10571600 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3307809/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Viral and vaccine antigens persist or are archived in lymph node stromal cells (LNSC) such as lymphatic endothelial cells (LEC) and fibroblastic reticular cells (FRC). Here, we find that, during the time frame of antigen archiving, LEC apoptosis caused by a second, but unrelated, innate immune stimulus such as vaccina viral infection or CpG DNA administration boosted memory CD8+ T cells specific to the archived antigen. In contrast to "bystander" activation associated with unrelated infections, the memory CD8+ T cells specific to the vaccine archived antigen were significantly higher than memory CD8+ T cells of a different antigen specificity. Finally, the boosted memory CD8+ T cells resulted in increased protection against Listeria monocytogenes expressing the vaccine antigen, but only for the duration that the vaccine antigen was archived. These findings outline a novel mechanism by which LNSC archived antigens, in addition to bystander activation, can augment memory CD8+ T cell responses during repeated inflammatory insults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thu Doan
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus
| | | | - Erin Lucas
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus
| | - Ira Fleming
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus
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14
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Leichner GS, Schweitzer I, Dror S, Levin L, Geva P, Golan T, Zaremba L, Shapira G, Parikh R, Shomron N, Barzilai A, Hoheisel JD, Levy C, Greenberger S. Primary Melanoma miRNA Trafficking Induces Lymphangiogenesis. J Invest Dermatol 2023; 143:1788-1798.e7. [PMID: 36934839 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2023.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma, the deadliest cutaneous tumor, initiates within the epidermis; during progression, cells invade into the dermis and become metastatic through the lymphatic and blood system. Before melanoma cell invasion into the dermis, an increased density of dermal lymphatic vessels is observed, generated by a mechanism which is not fully understood. In this study, we show that, while at the primary epidermal stage (in situ), melanoma cells secrete extracellular vesicles termed melanosomes, which are uptaken by dermal lymphatic cells, leading to transcriptional and phenotypic pro-lymphangiogenic changes. Mechanistically, melanoma-derived melanosomes traffic mature let-7i to lymphatic endothelial cells, which mediate pro-lymphangiogenic phenotypic changes by the induction of type I IFN signaling. Furthermore, transcriptome analysis upon treatment with melanosomes or let-7i reveals the enhancement of IFI6 expression in lymphatic cells. Because melanoma cells metastasize primarily via lymphatic vessels, our data suggest that blocking lymphangiogenesis by repressing either melanosome release or type I IFN signaling will prevent melanoma progression to the deadly metastatic stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gil S Leichner
- Department of Dermatology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Inbal Schweitzer
- Department of Dermatology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Shani Dror
- Department of Human Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Lotan Levin
- Department of Dermatology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Polina Geva
- Department of Dermatology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Tamar Golan
- Department of Human Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Laureen Zaremba
- Functional Genome Analysis, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Guy Shapira
- Department of Cell and Development Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Roma Parikh
- Department of Human Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Noam Shomron
- Department of Cell and Development Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Aviv Barzilai
- Department of Dermatology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Jörg D Hoheisel
- Functional Genome Analysis, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carmit Levy
- Department of Human Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shoshana Greenberger
- Department of Dermatology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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15
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Laaker C, Baenen C, Kovács KG, Sandor M, Fabry Z. Immune cells as messengers from the CNS to the periphery: the role of the meningeal lymphatic system in immune cell migration from the CNS. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1233908. [PMID: 37662908 PMCID: PMC10471710 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1233908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent decades there has been a large focus on understanding the mechanisms of peripheral immune cell infiltration into the central nervous system (CNS) in neuroinflammatory diseases. This intense research led to several immunomodulatory therapies to attempt to regulate immune cell infiltration at the blood brain barrier (BBB), the choroid plexus (ChP) epithelium, and the glial barrier. The fate of these infiltrating immune cells depends on both the neuroinflammatory environment and their type-specific interactions with innate cells of the CNS. Although the fate of the majority of tissue infiltrating immune cells is death, a percentage of these cells could become tissue resident immune cells. Additionally, key populations of immune cells can possess the ability to "drain" out of the CNS and act as messengers reporting signals from the CNS toward peripheral lymphatics. Recent data supports that the meningeal lymphatic system is involved not just in fluid homeostatic functions in the CNS but also in facilitating immune cell migration, most notably dendritic cell migration from the CNS to the meningeal borders and to the draining cervical lymph nodes. Similar to the peripheral sites, draining immune cells from the CNS during neuroinflammation have the potential to coordinate immunity in the lymph nodes and thus influence disease. Here in this review, we will evaluate evidence of immune cell drainage from the brain via the meningeal lymphatics and establish the importance of this in animal models and humans. We will discuss how targeting immune cells at sites like the meningeal lymphatics could provide a new mechanism to better provide treatment for a variety of neurological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Collin Laaker
- Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Cameron Baenen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Kristóf G. Kovács
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Matyas Sandor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Zsuzsanna Fabry
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI, United States
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16
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Arroz-Madeira S, Bekkhus T, Ulvmar MH, Petrova TV. Lessons of Vascular Specialization From Secondary Lymphoid Organ Lymphatic Endothelial Cells. Circ Res 2023; 132:1203-1225. [PMID: 37104555 PMCID: PMC10144364 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.123.322136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Secondary lymphoid organs, such as lymph nodes, harbor highly specialized and compartmentalized niches. These niches are optimized to facilitate the encounter of naive lymphocytes with antigens and antigen-presenting cells, enabling optimal generation of adaptive immune responses. Lymphatic vessels of lymphoid organs are uniquely specialized to perform a staggering variety of tasks. These include antigen presentation, directing the trafficking of immune cells but also modulating immune cell activation and providing factors for their survival. Recent studies have provided insights into the molecular basis of such specialization, opening avenues for better understanding the mechanisms of immune-vascular interactions and their applications. Such knowledge is essential for designing better treatments for human diseases given the central role of the immune system in infection, aging, tissue regeneration and repair. In addition, principles established in studies of lymphoid organ lymphatic vessel functions and organization may be applied to guide our understanding of specialization of vascular beds in other organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Arroz-Madeira
- Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, Switzerland (S.A.M., T.V.P.)
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, Switzerland (S.A.M., T.V.P.)
| | - Tove Bekkhus
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Sweden (T.B., M.H.U.)
| | - Maria H. Ulvmar
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Sweden (T.B., M.H.U.)
| | - Tatiana V. Petrova
- Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, Switzerland (S.A.M., T.V.P.)
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, Switzerland (S.A.M., T.V.P.)
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17
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Baggio C, Ramaschi GE, Oliviero F, Ramonda R, Sfriso P, Trevisi L, Cignarella A, Bolego C. Sex-dependent PD-L1/sPD-L1 trafficking in human endothelial cells in response to inflammatory cytokines and VEGF. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 162:114670. [PMID: 37068331 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) expressed in non-immune cells is involved in immune-mediated tissue damage in the context of inflammatory conditions and tumor immune escape. Emerging evidence suggests soluble (s)PD-L1 as a marker of inflammation. Based on well-established sex-specific differences in immunity, we tested the novel hypotheses that (i) endothelial cell PD-L1 is modulated by inflammatory cytokines and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in a sex-specific fashion, and (ii) the endothelium is a source of sPD-L1. After exposure of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) to lipopolysaccharide, interleukin (IL)1β or VEGF for 24 h, total PD-L1 levels were upregulated solely in cells from female donors, while being unchanged in those from male donors. Accordingly, exposure to synovial fluids from patients with inflammatory arthritis upregulated PD-L1 levels in HUVECs from female donors only. Membrane PD-L1 expression as measured by flow cytometry was unchanged in response to inflammatory stimuli. However, exposure to 2 ng/mL IL-1β or 50 ng/mL VEGF time-dependently increased sPD-L1 release by HUVECs from female donors. Treatment with the metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitor GM6001 (10 μM) prevented IL-1β-induced sPD-L1 release and enhanced membrane PD-L1 levels. The anti-VEGF agents bevacizumab and sunitinib reduced both VEGF-induced PD-L1 accumulation and sPD-L1 secretion. Thus, inflammatory agents and VEGF rapidly increased endothelial PD-L1 levels in a sex-specific fashion. Furthermore, the vascular endothelium may be a sPD-L1 source, whose production is MMP-dependent and modulated by anti-VEGF agents. These findings may have implications for sex-specific immunity, vascular inflammation and response to anti-angiogenic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Paolo Sfriso
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Lucia Trevisi
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Italy
| | | | - Chiara Bolego
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Italy
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18
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Choi Y, Lichterman JN, Coughlin LA, Poulides N, Li W, Del Valle P, Palmer SN, Gan S, Kim J, Zhan X, Gao Y, Evers BM, Hooper LV, Pasare C, Koh AY. Immune checkpoint blockade induces gut microbiota translocation that augments extraintestinal antitumor immunity. Sci Immunol 2023; 8:eabo2003. [PMID: 36867675 PMCID: PMC10080670 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abo2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
Gut microbiota, specifically gut bacteria, are critical for effective immune checkpoint blockade therapy (ICT) for cancer. The mechanisms by which gut microbiota augment extraintestinal anticancer immune responses, however, are largely unknown. Here, we find that ICT induces the translocation of specific endogenous gut bacteria into secondary lymphoid organs and subcutaneous melanoma tumors. Mechanistically, ICT induces lymph node remodeling and dendritic cell (DC) activation, which facilitates the translocation of a selective subset of gut bacteria to extraintestinal tissues to promote optimal antitumor T cell responses in both the tumor-draining lymph nodes (TDLNs) and the primary tumor. Antibiotic treatment results in decreased gut microbiota translocation into mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) and TDLNs, diminished DC and effector CD8+ T cell responses, and attenuated responses to ICT. Our findings illuminate a key mechanism by which gut microbiota promote extraintestinal anticancer immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongbin Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Jake N. Lichterman
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Laura A. Coughlin
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Nicole Poulides
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Wenling Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Priscilla Del Valle
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX. 75390
| | - Suzette N. Palmer
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
- Department of Population and Data Sciences, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Shuheng Gan
- Department of Population and Data Sciences, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Jiwoong Kim
- Department of Population and Data Sciences, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Xiaowei Zhan
- Department of Population and Data Sciences, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Yajing Gao
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Bret M. Evers
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Lora V. Hooper
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
- The Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Chandrashekhar Pasare
- Division of Immunobiology and Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati, OH 45229
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45220
| | - Andrew Y. Koh
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
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19
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Takeda A, Salmi M, Jalkanen S. Lymph node lymphatic endothelial cells as multifaceted gatekeepers in the immune system. Trends Immunol 2023; 44:72-86. [PMID: 36463086 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2022.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Single-cell technologies have recently allowed the identification of multiple lymphatic endothelial cell (LEC) subsets in subcapsular, paracortical, medullary, and other lymph node (LN) sinus systems in mice and humans. New analyses show that LECs serve key immunological functions in the LN stroma during immune responses. We discuss the roles of different LEC types in guiding leukocyte and cancer cell trafficking to and from the LN parenchyma, in capturing microbes, and in transporting, presenting, and storing lymph-borne antigens in distinct types of lymphatic sinuses. We underscore specific adaptations of human LECs and raise unanswered questions concerning LEC functions in human disease. Despite our limited understanding of human lymphatics - hampering clinical translation in inflammation and metastasis - we support the potential of LN LECs as putative targets for boosting/inhibiting immunoreactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Takeda
- MediCity and InFLAMES Flagship, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Marko Salmi
- MediCity and InFLAMES Flagship, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Sirpa Jalkanen
- MediCity and InFLAMES Flagship, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
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20
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Schafer JB, Lucas ED, Dzieciatkowska M, Forward T, Tamburini BAJ. Programmed death ligand 1 intracellular interactions with STAT3 and focal adhesion protein Paxillin facilitate lymphatic endothelial cell remodeling. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102694. [PMID: 36375639 PMCID: PMC9761386 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) comprise lymphatic capillaries and vessels that guide immune cells to lymph nodes (LNs) and form the subcapsular sinus and cortical and medullary lymphatic structures of the LN. During an active immune response, the lymphatics remodel to accommodate the influx of immune cells from the tissue, but factors involved in remodeling are unclear. Here, we determined that a TSS motif within the cytoplasmic domain of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1), expressed by LECs in the LN, participates in lymphatic remodeling. Mutation of the TSS motif to AAA does not affect surface expression of PD-L1, but instead causes defects in LN cortical and medullary lymphatic organization following immunostimulant, Poly I:C, administration in vivo. Supporting this observation, in vitro treatment of the LEC cell line, SVEC4-10, with cytokines TNFα and IFNα significantly impeded SVEC4-10 movement in the presence of the TSS-AAA cytoplasmic mutation. The cellular movement defects coincided with reduced F-actin polymerization, consistent with differences previously found in dendritic cells. Here, in addition to loss of actin polymerization, we define STAT3 and Paxillin as important PD-L1 binding partners. STAT3 and Paxillin were previously demonstrated to be important at focal adhesions for cellular motility. We further demonstrate the PD-L1 TSS-AAA motif mutation reduced the amount of pSTAT3 and Paxillin bound to PD-L1 both before and after exposure to TNFα and IFNα. Together, these findings highlight PD-L1 as an important component of a membrane complex that is involved in cellular motility, which leads to defects in lymphatic organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnathon B Schafer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Erin D Lucas
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Immunology Graduate Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Monika Dzieciatkowska
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Tadg Forward
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Beth A Jirón Tamburini
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Immunology Graduate Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
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21
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Yousif LI, Tanja AA, de Boer RA, Teske AJ, Meijers WC. The role of immune checkpoints in cardiovascular disease. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:989431. [PMID: 36263134 PMCID: PMC9574006 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.989431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) are monoclonal antibodies which bind to immune checkpoints (IC) and their ligands to prevent inhibition of T-cell activation by tumor cells. Currently, multiple ICI are approved targeting Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4), Programmed Death Protein 1 (PD-1) and its ligand PD-L1, and Lymphocyte-activation gene 3 (LAG-3). This therapy has provided potent anti-tumor effects and improved prognosis for many cancer patients. However, due to systemic effects, patients can develop immune related adverse events (irAE), including possible life threatening cardiovascular irAE, like atherosclerosis, myocarditis and cardiomyopathy. Inhibition of vascular IC is associated with increased atherosclerotic burden and plaque instability. IC protect against atherosclerosis by inhibiting T-cell activity and cytokine production, promoting regulatory T-cell differentiation and inducing T-cell exhaustion. In addition, PD-L1 on endothelial cells might promote plaque stability by reducing apoptosis and increasing expression of tight junction molecules. In the heart, IC downregulate the immune response to protect against cardiac injury by reducing T-cell activity and migration. Here, inhibition of IC could induce life-threatening T-cell-mediated-myocarditis. One proposed purpose behind lymphocyte infiltration is reaction to cardiac antigens, caused by decreased self-tolerance, and thereby increased autoimmunity because of IC inhibition. In addition, there are several reports of ICI-mediated cardiomyopathy with immunoglobulin G expression on cardiomyocytes, indicating an autoimmune response. IC are mostly known due to their cardiotoxicity. However, t his review compiles current knowledge on mechanisms behind IC function in cardiovascular disease with the aim of providing an overview of possible therapeutic targets in prevention or treatment of cardiovascular irAEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura I. Yousif
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Anniek A. Tanja
- Graduate School of Life Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Rudolf A. de Boer
- Department of Cardiology, Thorax Center, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Arco J. Teske
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Wouter C. Meijers
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Wouter C. Meijers,
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22
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Tamburini BAJ. Contributions of PD-L1 reverse signaling to dendritic cell trafficking. FEBS J 2022; 289:6256-6266. [PMID: 34146376 PMCID: PMC8684559 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Programmed death-1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) interactions are critical for dampening the immune response to both self and foreign antigens. The signaling of PD-L1 via its cytoplasmic domain, rather than through its interactions with PD-1 via the extracellular domain, has been termed PD-L1 reverse signaling. While this signaling is beneficial for cancer progression, little is understood about the consequences of PD-L1 reverse signaling in immune cells that express PD-L1 at steady state or in response to infection. Loss of PD-L1 during infection leads to unchecked T-cell proliferation and increased autoimmune T-cell responses. While the T-cell intrinsic role of PD-1 for inhibiting T-cell responses has been well explored, little to no effort has been directed at investigating the consequences of PD-L1 reverse signaling on the DCs interacting with PD-1+ T cells. We recently reported a defect in dendritic cell (DC) trafficking from the skin to the draining lymph node (LN) following immunization or infection in the absence of PD-L1. We demonstrated that a region within the cytoplasmic tail was responsible for the defect in DC trafficking. Here, we review the processes involved in DC trafficking and highlight what we know about PD-L1 expression, PD-L1 post-translational modifications, PD-L1 intracellular interactions, and PD-L1 extracellular interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth Ann Jirón Tamburini
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine Aurora, CO, USA
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23
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Li X, Khorsandi S, Wang Y, Santelli J, Huntoon K, Nguyen N, Yang M, Lee D, Lu Y, Gao R, Kim BYS, de Gracia Lux C, Mattrey RF, Jiang W, Lux J. Cancer immunotherapy based on image-guided STING activation by nucleotide nanocomplex-decorated ultrasound microbubbles. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 17:891-899. [PMID: 35637356 PMCID: PMC9378430 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-022-01134-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The cytosolic innate immune sensor cyclic GMP-AMP synthase-stimulator of interferon genes (cGAS-STING) pathway is crucial for priming adaptive antitumour immunity through antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Natural agonists, such as cyclic dinucleotides (CDNs), activate the cGAS-STING pathway, but their clinical translation is impeded by poor cytosolic entry and serum stability, low specificity and rapid tissue clearance. Here we developed an ultrasound (US)-guided cancer immunotherapy platform using nanocomplexes composed of 2'3'-cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate (cGAMP) electrostatically bound to biocompatible branched cationic biopolymers that are conjugated onto APC-targeting microbubbles (MBs). The nanocomplex-conjugated MBs engaged with APCs and efficiently delivered cGAMP into the cytosol via sonoporation, resulting in activation of cGAS-STING and downstream proinflammatory pathways that efficiently prime antigen-specific T cells. This bridging of innate and adaptive immunity inhibited tumour growth in both localized and metastatic murine cancer models. Our findings demonstrate that targeted local activation of STING in APCs under spatiotemporal US stimulation results in systemic antitumour immunity and improves the therapeutic efficacy of checkpoint blockade, thus paving the way towards novel image-guided strategies for targeted immunotherapy of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sina Khorsandi
- Translational Research in Ultrasound Theranostics (TRUST) Program, Department of Radiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Yifan Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Julien Santelli
- Translational Research in Ultrasound Theranostics (TRUST) Program, Department of Radiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Kristin Huntoon
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nhu Nguyen
- Translational Research in Ultrasound Theranostics (TRUST) Program, Department of Radiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Mingming Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - DaeYong Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yifei Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ruoqi Gao
- Translational Research in Ultrasound Theranostics (TRUST) Program, Department of Radiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Betty Y S Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Caroline de Gracia Lux
- Translational Research in Ultrasound Theranostics (TRUST) Program, Department of Radiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Robert F Mattrey
- Translational Research in Ultrasound Theranostics (TRUST) Program, Department of Radiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Wen Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Jacques Lux
- Translational Research in Ultrasound Theranostics (TRUST) Program, Department of Radiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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24
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Piao W, Li L, Saxena V, Iyyathurai J, Lakhan R, Zhang Y, Lape IT, Paluskievicz C, Hippen KL, Lee Y, Silverman E, Shirkey MW, Riella LV, Blazar BR, Bromberg JS. PD-L1 signaling selectively regulates T cell lymphatic transendothelial migration. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2176. [PMID: 35449134 PMCID: PMC9023578 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29930-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Programmed death-1 (PD-1) and its ligand PD-L1 are checkpoint molecules which regulate immune responses. Little is known about their functions in T cell migration and there are contradictory data about their roles in regulatory T cell (Treg) function. Here we show activated Tregs and CD4 effector T cells (Teffs) use PD-1/PD-L1 and CD80/PD-L1, respectively, to regulate transendothelial migration across lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs). Antibody blockade of Treg PD-1, Teff CD80 (the alternative ligand for PD-L1), or LEC PD-L1 impairs Treg or Teff migration in vitro and in vivo. PD-1/PD-L1 signals through PI3K/Akt and ERK to regulate zipper junctional VE-cadherin, and through NFκB-p65 to up-regulate VCAM-1 expression on LECs. CD80/PD-L1 signaling up-regulates VCAM-1 through ERK and NFκB-p65. PD-1 and CD80 blockade reduces tumor egress of PD-1high fragile Tregs and Teffs into draining lymph nodes, respectively, and promotes tumor regression. These data provide roles for PD-L1 in cell migration and immune regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenji Piao
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
| | - Lushen Li
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Vikas Saxena
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Jegan Iyyathurai
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Ram Lakhan
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Yigang Zhang
- Division of Blood & Marrow Transplant & Cellular Therapy, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Cancer Center, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Isadora Tadeval Lape
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Christina Paluskievicz
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Keli L Hippen
- Division of Blood & Marrow Transplant & Cellular Therapy, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Cancer Center, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Young Lee
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Emma Silverman
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Marina W Shirkey
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Leonardo V Riella
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Bruce R Blazar
- Division of Blood & Marrow Transplant & Cellular Therapy, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Cancer Center, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Jonathan S Bromberg
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
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25
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Hsu M, Laaker C, Madrid A, Herbath M, Choi YH, Sandor M, Fabry Z. Neuroinflammation creates an immune regulatory niche at the meningeal lymphatic vasculature near the cribriform plate. Nat Immunol 2022; 23:581-593. [PMID: 35347285 PMCID: PMC8989656 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-022-01158-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Meningeal lymphatics near the cribriform plate undergo lymphangiogenesis during neuroinflammation to drain excess fluid. Here, we hypothesized that lymphangiogenic vessels may acquire an altered phenotype to regulate immunity. Using single-cell RNA sequencing of meningeal lymphatics near the cribriform plate from healthy and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in the C57BL/6 model, we report that neuroinflammation induces the upregulation of genes involved in antigen presentation such as major histocompatibility complex class II, adhesion molecules including vascular cell adhesion protein 1 and immunoregulatory molecules such as programmed cell death 1 ligand 1, where many of these changes are mediated by interferon-γ. The inflamed lymphatics retain CD11c+ cells and CD4 T cells where they capture and present antigen, creating an immunoregulatory niche that represents an underappreciated interface in the regulation of neuroinflammation. We also found discontinuity of the arachnoid membrane near the cribriform plate, which provides unrestricted access to the cerebrospinal fluid. These findings highlight a previously unknown function of local meningeal lymphatics in regulating immunity that has only previously been characterized in draining lymph nodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Hsu
- Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Collin Laaker
- Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Andy Madrid
- Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Melinda Herbath
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Yun Hwa Choi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Matyas Sandor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Zsuzsanna Fabry
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
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26
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Johnson SC, Frattolin J, Edgar LT, Jafarnejad M, Moore Jr JE. Lymph node swelling combined with temporary effector T cell retention aids T cell response in a model of adaptive immunity. J R Soc Interface 2021; 18:20210464. [PMID: 34847790 PMCID: PMC8633806 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2021.0464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Swelling of lymph nodes (LNs) is commonly observed during the adaptive immune response, yet the impact on T cell (TC) trafficking and subsequent immune response is not well known. To better understand the effect of macro-scale alterations, we developed an agent-based model of the LN paracortex, describing the TC proliferative response to antigen-presenting dendritic cells alongside inflammation-driven and swelling-induced changes in TC recruitment and egress, while also incorporating regulation of the expression of egress-modulating TC receptor sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor-1. Analysis of the effector TC response under varying swelling conditions showed that swelling consistently aided TC activation. However, subsequent effector CD8+ TC production was reduced in scenarios where swelling occurred too early in the TC proliferative phase or when TC cognate frequency was low due to increased opportunity for TC exit. Temporarily extending retention of newly differentiated effector TCs, mediated by sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor-1 expression, mitigated any negative effects of swelling by allowing facilitation of activation to outweigh increased access to exit areas. These results suggest that targeting temporary effector TC retention and egress associated with swelling offers new ways to modulate effector TC responses in, for example, immuno-suppressed patients and to optimize of vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C. Johnson
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Lowell T. Edgar
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Mohammad Jafarnejad
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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27
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Lucas ED, Schafer JB, Matsuda J, Kraus M, Burchill MA, Tamburini BAJ. PD-L1 Reverse Signaling in Dermal Dendritic Cells Promotes Dendritic Cell Migration Required for Skin Immunity. Cell Rep 2021; 33:108258. [PMID: 33053342 PMCID: PMC7688291 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the function of the extracellular region of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) through its interactions with PD-1 on T cells is well studied, little is understood regarding the intracellular domain of PD-L1. Here, we outline a major role for PD-L1 intracellular signaling in the control of dendritic cell (DC) migration from the skin to the draining lymph node (dLN). Using a mutant mouse model, we identify a TSS signaling motif within the intracellular domain of PD-L1. The TSS motif proves critical for chemokine-mediated DC migration to the dLN during inflammation. This loss of DC migration, in the PD-L1 TSS mutant, leads to a significant decline in T cell priming when DC trafficking is required for antigen delivery to the dLN. Finally, the TSS motif is required for chemokine receptor signaling downstream of the Gα subunit of the heterotrimeric G protein complex, ERK phosphorylation, and actin polymerization in DCs. Lucas et al. define three residues within the cytoplasmic tail of PD-L1 that are required for proper dendritic cell migration from the skin to the lymph node. These three-amino-acid residues promote chemokine signaling in dendritic cells and productive T cell responses to skin infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin D Lucas
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Johnathon B Schafer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA; Molecular Biology Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | - Madison Kraus
- Gates Summer Research Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Matthew A Burchill
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Beth A Jirón Tamburini
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA; Molecular Biology Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.
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28
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Grasso C, Pierie C, Mebius RE, van Baarsen LGM. Lymph node stromal cells: subsets and functions in health and disease. Trends Immunol 2021; 42:920-936. [PMID: 34521601 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2021.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Lymph nodes (LNs) aid the interaction between lymphocytes and antigen-presenting cells, resulting in adequate and prolonged adaptive immune responses. LN stromal cells (LNSCs) are crucially involved in steering adaptive immune responses at different levels. Most knowledge on LNSCs has been obtained from mouse studies, and few studies indicate similarities with their human counterparts. Recent advances in single-cell technologies have revealed significant LNSC heterogeneity among different subsets with potential selective functions in immunity. This review provides an overview of current knowledge of LNSCs based on human and murine studies describing the role of these cells in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Grasso
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center (ARC), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C Pierie
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center (ARC), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R E Mebius
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - L G M van Baarsen
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center (ARC), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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29
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Abstract
Early engagement of the lymphatic system by solid tumors in peripheral, nonlymphoid tissues is a clinical hallmark of cancer and often forecasts poor prognosis. The significance of lymph node metastasis for distant spread, however, has been questioned by large-scale lymph node dissection trials and the likely prevalence of direct hematogenous metastasis. Still, an emerging appreciation for the immunological role of the tumor-draining lymph node has renewed interest in its basic biology, role in metastatic progression, antitumor immunity, and patient outcomes. In this review, we discuss our current understanding of the early mechanisms through which tumors engage lymphatic transport and condition tumor-draining lymph nodes, the significance of these changes for both metastasis and immunity, and potential implications of the tumor-draining lymph node for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haley du Bois
- Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
| | - Taylor A. Heim
- Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
| | - Amanda W. Lund
- Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
- Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10016
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30
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Cousin N, Cap S, Dihr M, Tacconi C, Detmar M, Dieterich LC. Lymphatic PD-L1 Expression Restricts Tumor-Specific CD8 + T-cell Responses. Cancer Res 2021; 81:4133-4144. [PMID: 34099493 PMCID: PMC9398148 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-0633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Lymph node (LN)-resident lymphatic endothelial cells (LEC) mediate peripheral tolerance by self-antigen presentation on MHC-I and constitutive expression of T-cell inhibitory molecules, including PD-L1 (CD274). Tumor-associated LECs also upregulate PD-L1, but the specific role of lymphatic PD-L1 in tumor immunity is not well understood. In this study, we generated a mouse model lacking lymphatic PD-L1 expression and challenged these mice with two orthotopic tumor models, B16F10 melanoma and MC38 colorectal carcinoma. Lymphatic PD-L1 deficiency resulted in consistent expansion of tumor-specific CD8+ T cells in tumor-draining LNs in both tumor models, reduced primary tumor growth in the MC38 model, and increased efficacy of adoptive T-cell therapy in the B16F10 model. Strikingly, lymphatic PD-L1 acted primarily by inducing apoptosis in tumor-specific CD8+ central memory T cells. Overall, these findings demonstrate that LECs restrain tumor-specific immunity via PD-L1, which may explain why some patients with cancer without PD-L1 expression in the tumor microenvironment still respond to PD-L1/PD-1-targeted immunotherapy. SIGNIFICANCE: A new lymphatic-specific PD-L1 knockout mouse model reveals that lymphatic endothelial PD-L1 expression reduces tumor immunity, inducing apoptosis in tumor-specific CD8+ central memory cells in tumor-draining lymph nodes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Lothar C. Dieterich
- Corresponding Author: Lothar C. Dieterich, ETH Zurich, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1–5/10, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland. Phone: 41-44-63-37392; Fax: 41-44-63-31344; E-mail:
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31
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Stritt S, Koltowska K, Mäkinen T. Homeostatic maintenance of the lymphatic vasculature. Trends Mol Med 2021; 27:955-970. [PMID: 34332911 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2021.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The lymphatic vasculature is emerging as a multifaceted regulator of tissue homeostasis and regeneration. Lymphatic vessels drain fluid, macromolecules, and immune cells from peripheral tissues to lymph nodes (LNs) and the systemic circulation. Their recently uncovered functions extend beyond drainage and include direct modulation of adaptive immunity and paracrine regulation of organ growth. The developmental mechanisms controlling lymphatic vessel growth have been described with increasing precision. It is less clear how the essential functional features of lymphatic vessels are established and maintained. We discuss the mechanisms that maintain lymphatic vessel integrity in adult tissues and control vessel repair and regeneration. This knowledge is crucial for understanding the pathological vessel changes that contribute to disease, and provides an opportunity for therapy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Stritt
- Uppsala University, Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Katarzyna Koltowska
- Uppsala University, Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Taija Mäkinen
- Uppsala University, Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden.
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32
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Steele MM, Lund AW. Afferent Lymphatic Transport and Peripheral Tissue Immunity. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 206:264-272. [PMID: 33397740 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2001060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Lymphatic vessels provide an anatomical framework for immune surveillance and adaptive immune responses. Although appreciated as the route for Ag and dendritic cell transport, peripheral lymphatic vessels are often not considered active players in immune surveillance. Lymphatic vessels, however, integrate contextual cues that directly regulate transport, including changes in intrinsic pumping and capillary remodeling, and express a dynamic repertoire of inflammatory chemokines and adhesion molecules that facilitates leukocyte egress out of inflamed tissue. These mechanisms together contribute to the course of peripheral tissue immunity. In this review, we focus on context-dependent mechanisms that regulate fluid and cellular transport out of peripheral nonlymphoid tissues to provide a framework for understanding the effects of afferent lymphatic transport on immune surveillance, peripheral tissue inflammation, and adaptive immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria M Steele
- Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
| | - Amanda W Lund
- Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016; .,Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016; and.,Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
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33
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Walsh SM, Sheridan RM, Lucas ED, Doan TA, Ware BC, Schafer J, Fu R, Burchill MA, Hesselberth JR, Tamburini BAJ. Molecular tracking devices quantify antigen distribution and archiving in the murine lymph node. eLife 2021; 10:e62781. [PMID: 33843587 PMCID: PMC8116055 DOI: 10.7554/elife.62781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The detection of foreign antigens in vivo has relied on fluorescent conjugation or indirect read-outs such as antigen presentation. In our studies, we found that these widely used techniques had several technical limitations that have precluded a complete picture of antigen trafficking or retention across lymph node cell types. To address these limitations, we developed a 'molecular tracking device' to follow the distribution, acquisition, and retention of antigen in the lymph node. Utilizing an antigen conjugated to a nuclease-resistant DNA tag, acting as a combined antigen-adjuvant conjugate, and single-cell mRNA sequencing, we quantified antigen abundance in the lymph node. Variable antigen levels enabled the identification of caveolar endocytosis as a mechanism of antigen acquisition or retention in lymphatic endothelial cells. Thus, these molecular tracking devices enable new approaches to study dynamic tissue dissemination of antigen-adjuvant conjugates and identify new mechanisms of antigen acquisition and retention at cellular resolution in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon M Walsh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado School of MedicineAuroraUnited States
| | - Ryan M Sheridan
- RNA Bioscience Initiative, University of Colorado School of MedicineAuroraUnited States
| | - Erin D Lucas
- Immunology Graduate Program, University of Colorado School of MedicineAuroraUnited States
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of MedicineAuroraUnited States
| | - Thu A Doan
- Immunology Graduate Program, University of Colorado School of MedicineAuroraUnited States
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Colorado School of MedicineAuroraUnited States
| | - Brian C Ware
- Immunology Graduate Program, University of Colorado School of MedicineAuroraUnited States
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of MedicineAuroraUnited States
| | - Johnathon Schafer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Colorado School of MedicineAuroraUnited States
| | - Rui Fu
- RNA Bioscience Initiative, University of Colorado School of MedicineAuroraUnited States
| | - Matthew A Burchill
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Colorado School of MedicineAuroraUnited States
| | - Jay R Hesselberth
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado School of MedicineAuroraUnited States
- RNA Bioscience Initiative, University of Colorado School of MedicineAuroraUnited States
| | - Beth Ann Jiron Tamburini
- Immunology Graduate Program, University of Colorado School of MedicineAuroraUnited States
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of MedicineAuroraUnited States
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Colorado School of MedicineAuroraUnited States
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Clinical Implications of Exosomal PD-L1 in Cancer Immunotherapy. J Immunol Res 2021; 2021:8839978. [PMID: 33628854 PMCID: PMC7886511 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8839978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibiting the programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1)/programmed cell death receptor-1 (PD-1) signaling axis reinvigorates the antitumor immune response with remarkable clinical efficacy. Yet, low response rates limit the benefits of immunotherapy to a minority of patients. Recent studies have explored the importance of PD-L1 as a transmembrane protein in exosomes and have revealed exosomal PD-L1 as a mechanism of tumor immune escape and immunotherapy resistance. Exosomal PD-L1 suppresses T cell effector function, induces systemic immunosuppression, and transfers functional PD-L1 across the tumor microenvironment (TME). Because of its significant contribution to immune escape, exosomal PD-L1 has been proposed as a biomarker to predict immunotherapy response and to assess therapeutic efficacy. In this review, we summarize the immunological mechanisms of exosomal PD-L1, focusing on the factors that lead to exosome biogenesis and release. Next, we review the effect of exosomal PD-L1 on T cell function and its role across the TME. In addition, we discuss the latest findings on the use of exosomal PD-L1 as a biomarker for cancer immunotherapy. Throughout this review, we propose exosomal PD-L1 as a critical mediator of tumor progression and highlight the clinical implications that follow for immuno-oncology, discussing the potential to target exosomes to advance cancer treatment.
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Lymphatic Type 1 Interferon Responses Are Critical for Control of Systemic Reovirus Dissemination. J Virol 2021; 95:JVI.02167-20. [PMID: 33208448 PMCID: PMC7851543 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02167-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian orthoreovirus (reovirus) spreads from the site of infection to every organ system in the body via the blood. However, mechanisms that underlie reovirus hematogenous spread remain undefined. Nonstructural protein σ1s is a critical determinant of reovirus bloodstream dissemination that is required for efficient viral replication in many types of cultured cells. Here, we used the specificity of the σ1s protein for promoting hematogenous spread as a platform to uncover a role for lymphatic type 1 interferon (IFN-1) responses in limiting reovirus systemic dissemination. We found that replication of a σ1s-deficient reovirus was restored to wild-type levels in cells with defective interferon-α receptor (IFNAR1) signaling. Reovirus spreads systemically following oral inoculation of neonatal mice, whereas the σ1s-null virus remains localized to the intestine. We found that σ1s enables reovirus spread in the presence of a functional IFN-1 response, as the σ1s-deficient reovirus disseminated comparably to wild-type virus in IFNAR1-/- mice. Lymphatics are hypothesized to mediate reovirus spread from the intestine to the bloodstream. IFNAR1 deletion from cells expressing lymphatic vessel endothelium receptor 1 (LYVE-1), a marker for lymphatic endothelial cells, enabled the σ1s-deficient reovirus to disseminate systemically. Together, our findings indicate that IFN-1 responses in lymphatics limit reovirus dissemination. Our data further suggest that the lymphatics are an important conduit for reovirus hematogenous spread.IMPORTANCE Type 1 interferons (IFN-1) are critical host responses to viral infection. However, the contribution of IFN-1 responses to control of viruses in specific cell and tissue types is not fully defined. Here, we identify IFN-1 responses in lymphatics as important for limiting reovirus dissemination. We found that nonstructural protein σ1s enhances reovirus resistance to IFN-1 responses, as a reovirus mutant lacking σ1s was more sensitive to IFN-1 than wild-type virus. In neonatal mice, σ1s is required for reovirus systemic spread. We used tissue-specific IFNAR1 deletion in combination with the IFN-1-sensitive σ1s-null reovirus as a tool to test how IFN-1 responses in lymphatics affect reovirus systemic spread. Deletion of IFNAR1 in lymphatic cells using Cre-lox technology enabled dissemination of the IFN-1-sensitive σ1s-deficient reovirus. Together, our results indicate that IFN-1 responses in lymphatics are critical for controlling reovirus systemic spread.
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Menzel L, Höpken UE, Rehm A. Angiogenesis in Lymph Nodes Is a Critical Regulator of Immune Response and Lymphoma Growth. Front Immunol 2020; 11:591741. [PMID: 33343570 PMCID: PMC7744479 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.591741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor-induced remodeling of the microenvironment in lymph nodes (LNs) includes the formation of blood vessels, which goes beyond the regulation of metabolism, and shaping a survival niche for tumor cells. In contrast to solid tumors, which primarily rely on neo-angiogenesis, hematopoietic malignancies usually grow within pre-vascularized autochthonous niches in secondary lymphatic organs or the bone marrow. The mechanisms of vascular remodeling in expanding LNs during infection-induced responses have been studied in more detail; in contrast, insights into the conditions of lymphoma growth and lodging remain enigmatic. Based on previous murine studies and clinical trials in human, we conclude that there is not a universal LN-specific angiogenic program applicable. Instead, signaling pathways that are tightly connected to autochthonous and infiltrating cell types contribute variably to LN vascular expansion. Inflammation related angiogenesis within LNs relies on dendritic cell derived pro-inflammatory cytokines stimulating vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) expression in fibroblastic reticular cells, which in turn triggers vessel growth. In high-grade B cell lymphoma, angiogenesis correlates with poor prognosis. Lymphoma cells immigrate and grow in LNs and provide pro-angiogenic growth factors themselves. In contrast to infectious stimuli that impact on LN vasculature, they do not trigger the typical inflammatory and hypoxia-related stroma-remodeling cascade. Blood vessels in LNs are unique in selective recruitment of lymphocytes via high endothelial venules (HEVs). The dissemination routes of neoplastic lymphocytes are usually disease stage dependent. Early seeding via the blood stream requires the expression of the homeostatic chemokine receptor CCR7 and of L-selectin, both cooperate to facilitate transmigration of tumor and also of protective tumor-reactive lymphocytes via HEV structures. In this view, the HEV route is not only relevant for lymphoma cell homing, but also for a continuous immunosurveillance. We envision that HEV functional and structural alterations during lymphomagenesis are not only key to vascular remodeling, but also impact on tumor cell accessibility when targeted by T cell-mediated immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lutz Menzel
- Translational Tumor Immunology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Uta E. Höpken
- Microenvironmental Regulation in Autoimmunity and Cancer, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Armin Rehm
- Translational Tumor Immunology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
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Munir H, Mazzaglia C, Shields JD. Stromal regulation of tumor-associated lymphatics. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 161-162:75-89. [PMID: 32783989 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances have identified a growing array of roles played by lymphatics in the tumor microenvironment, from providing a route of metastasis to immune modulation. The tumor microenvironment represents an exceptionally complex, dynamic niche comprised of a diverse mixture of cancer cells and normal host cells termed the stroma. This review discusses our current understanding of stromal elements and how they regulate lymphatic growth and functional properties in the tumor context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafsa Munir
- MRC Cancer Unit, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Box 197 Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ
| | - Corrado Mazzaglia
- MRC Cancer Unit, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Box 197 Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ
| | - Jacqueline D Shields
- MRC Cancer Unit, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Box 197 Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ.
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Petrova TV, Koh GY. Biological functions of lymphatic vessels. Science 2020; 369:369/6500/eaax4063. [PMID: 32646971 DOI: 10.1126/science.aax4063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The general functions of lymphatic vessels in fluid transport and immunosurveillance are well recognized. However, accumulating evidence indicates that lymphatic vessels play active and versatile roles in a tissue- and organ-specific manner during homeostasis and in multiple disease processes. This Review discusses recent advances to understand previously unidentified functions of adult mammalian lymphatic vessels, including immunosurveillance and immunomodulation upon pathogen invasion, transport of dietary fat, drainage of cerebrospinal fluid and aqueous humor, possible contributions toward neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory diseases, and response to anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana V Petrova
- Department of Oncology and Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Chemin des Boveresses 155 CH-1066 Epalinges, Switzerland.
| | - Gou Young Koh
- Center for Vascular Research, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea. .,Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
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39
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Xiang M, Grosso RA, Takeda A, Pan J, Bekkhus T, Brulois K, Dermadi D, Nordling S, Vanlandewijck M, Jalkanen S, Ulvmar MH, Butcher EC. A Single-Cell Transcriptional Roadmap of the Mouse and Human Lymph Node Lymphatic Vasculature. Front Cardiovasc Med 2020; 7:52. [PMID: 32426372 PMCID: PMC7204639 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Single-cell transcriptomics promise to revolutionize our understanding of the vasculature. Emerging computational methods applied to high-dimensional single-cell data allow integration of results between samples and species and illuminate the diversity and underlying developmental and architectural organization of cell populations. Here, we illustrate these methods in the analysis of mouse lymph node (LN) lymphatic endothelial cells (LEC) at single-cell resolution. Clustering identifies five well-delineated subsets, including two medullary sinus subsets not previously recognized as distinct. Nearest neighbor alignments in trajectory space position the major subsets in a sequence that recapitulates the known features and suggests novel features of LN lymphatic organization, providing a transcriptional map of the lymphatic endothelial niches and of the transitions between them. Differences in gene expression reveal specialized programs for (1) subcapsular ceiling endothelial interactions with the capsule connective tissue and cells; (2) subcapsular floor regulation of lymph borne cell entry into the LN parenchyma and antigen presentation; and (3) pathogen interactions and (4) LN remodeling in distinct medullary subsets. LEC of the subcapsular sinus floor and medulla, which represent major sites of cell entry and exit from the LN parenchyma respectively, respond robustly to oxazolone inflammation challenge with enriched signaling pathways that converge on both innate and adaptive immune responses. Integration of mouse and human single-cell profiles reveals a conserved cross-species pattern of lymphatic vascular niches and gene expression, as well as specialized human subsets and genes unique to each species. The examples provided demonstrate the power of single-cell analysis in elucidating endothelial cell heterogeneity, vascular organization, and endothelial cell responses. We discuss the findings from the perspective of LEC functions in relation to niche formations in the unique stromal and highly immunological environment of the LN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menglan Xiang
- Laboratory of Immunology and Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research, Palo Alto, CA, United States
- The Center for Molecular Biology and Medicine, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Rubén Adrián Grosso
- The Beijer Laboratory, Department Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Akira Takeda
- MediCity Research Laboratory and Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Junliang Pan
- Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research, Palo Alto, CA, United States
- The Center for Molecular Biology and Medicine, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Tove Bekkhus
- The Beijer Laboratory, Department Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kevin Brulois
- Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research, Palo Alto, CA, United States
- The Center for Molecular Biology and Medicine, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Denis Dermadi
- Laboratory of Immunology and Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Sofia Nordling
- Laboratory of Immunology and Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research, Palo Alto, CA, United States
- The Center for Molecular Biology and Medicine, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Michael Vanlandewijck
- The Beijer Laboratory, Department Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Karolinska Institutet/AstraZeneca Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre (KI/AZ ICMC), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sirpa Jalkanen
- MediCity Research Laboratory and Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Maria H. Ulvmar
- The Beijer Laboratory, Department Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Eugene C. Butcher
- Laboratory of Immunology and Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research, Palo Alto, CA, United States
- The Center for Molecular Biology and Medicine, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, United States
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Malo CS, Hickman HD. Tracing Antiviral CD8 + T Cell Responses Using In Vivo Imaging. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 203:775-781. [PMID: 31383748 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Scientists have long valued the power of in vivo observation to answer fundamental biological questions. Over the last 20 years, the application and evolution of intravital microscopy (IVM) has vastly increased our ability to directly visualize immune responses as they are occurring in vivo after infection or immunization. Many IVM strategies employ a strong multiphoton laser that penetrates deeply into the tissues of living, anesthetized mice, allowing the precise tracking of the movement of cells as they navigate complex tissue environments. In the realm of viral infections, IVM has been applied to better understand many critical phases of effector T cell responses, from activation in the draining lymph node, to the execution of effector functions, and finally to the development of tissue-resident memory. In this review, we discuss seminal studies incorporating IVM that have advanced our understanding of the biology of antiviral CD8+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney S Malo
- Viral Immunity and Pathogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Heather D Hickman
- Viral Immunity and Pathogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
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Abstract
The influx and efflux of cells and antigens to and from the draining lymph nodes largely take place through the subcapsular, cortical and medullary sinus systems. Recent analyses in mice and humans have revealed unexpected diversity in the lymphatic endothelial cells, which form the distinct regions of the sinuses. As a semipermeable barrier, the lymphatic endothelial cells regulate the sorting of lymph-borne antigens to the lymph node parenchyma and can themselves serve as antigen-presenting cells. The leukocytes entering the lymph node via the sinus system and the lymphocytes egressing from the parenchyma migrate through the lymphatic endothelial cell layer. The sinus lymphatic endothelial cells also orchestrate the organogenesis of lymph nodes, and they undergo bidirectional signalling with other sinus-resident cells, such as subcapsular sinus macrophages, to generate a unique lymphatic niche. In this Review, we consider the structural and functional basis of how the lymph node sinus system coordinates immune responses under physiological conditions, and in inflammation and cancer.
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42
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Thierry GR, Gentek R, Bajenoff M. Remodeling of reactive lymph nodes: Dynamics of stromal cells and underlying chemokine signaling. Immunol Rev 2020; 289:42-61. [PMID: 30977194 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Lymph nodes (LNs) are secondary immune organs dispersed throughout the body. They are primarily composed of lymphocytes, "transient passengers" that are only present for a few hours. During this time, they extensively interact with a meshwork of stromal cells. Although these cells constitute less than 5% of all LN cells, they are integral to LN function: Stromal cells create a three-dimensional network that provides a rigid backbone for the transport of lymph and generates "roads" for lymphocyte migration. Beyond structural support, the LN stroma also produces survival signals for lymphocytes and provides nutrients, soluble factors, antigens, and immune cells collectively required for immune surveillance and the generation of adaptive immune responses. A unique feature of LNs is their ability to considerably and rapidly change size: the volume and cellularity of inflamed LNs can increase up to 20-fold before returning to homeostatic levels. This cycle will be repeated many times during life and is accommodated by stromal cells. The dynamics underlying this dramatic remodeling are subject of this review. We will first introduce the main types of LN stromal cells and explain their known functions. We will then discuss how these cells enable LN growth during immune responses, with a particular focus on underlying cellular mechanisms and molecular cues. Similarly, we will elaborate on stromal dynamics mediating the return to LN homeostasis, a process that is mechanistically much less understood than LN expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilhem R Thierry
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Rebecca Gentek
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Marc Bajenoff
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
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43
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Shalapour S, Karin M. Pas de Deux: Control of Anti-tumor Immunity by Cancer-Associated Inflammation. Immunity 2019; 51:15-26. [PMID: 31315033 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2019.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In many settings, tumor-associated inflammation, supported mainly by innate immune cells, contributes to tumor growth. Initial innate activation triggers secretion of inflammatory, regenerative, and anti-inflammatory cytokines, which in turn shape the adaptive immune response to the tumor. Here, we review the current understanding of the intricate dialog between cancer-associated inflammation and anti-tumor immunity. We discuss the changing nature of these interactions during tumor progression and the impact of the tissue environment on the anti-tumor immune response. In this context, we outline important gaps in current understanding by considering basic research and findings in the clinic. The future of cancer immunotherapy and its utility depend on improved understanding of these interactions and the ability to manipulate them in a predictable and beneficial manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabnam Shalapour
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Michael Karin
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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44
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Thomsen MK, Skouboe MK, Boularan C, Vernejoul F, Lioux T, Leknes SL, Berthelsen MF, Riedel M, Cai H, Joseph JV, Perouzel E, Tiraby M, Vendelbo MH, Paludan SR. The cGAS-STING pathway is a therapeutic target in a preclinical model of hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncogene 2019; 39:1652-1664. [PMID: 31740782 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-1108-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver cancer, and the incidence of HCC is increasing. Recently, cancer immunotherapy has emerged as an efficient treatment against some cancers. Here we have used a mouse model of mutagen-induced HCC to explore the therapeutic usefulness of targeting the DNA-activated STING pathway in HCC. STING-deficient mice exhibited unaltered initial development of HCC, but had higher number of large tumors at late stages of disease. In the liver of STING-deficient HCC mice, we observed reduced levels of phospho-STAT1, autophagy, and cleaved caspase3. These responses were activated in the liver by treatment with a cyclic dinucleotide (CDN) STING agonist. Importantly, CDN treatment of mice after HCC development efficiently reduced tumor size. Initiation of CDN treatment at an even later stage of disease to allow HCC detection by MR scanning revealed that the majority of tumors regressed in response to CDN, but new tumors were also detected, which were unresponsive to CDN treatment. Overall, the modulation of the STING pathway affects the development of HCC, and holds promise for a use as a treatment of this disease, most likely in combination with other immunomodulatory treatments such as PD1 inhibitors or with standard of care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin K Thomsen
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Aarhus, Hoegh-Guldberg Gade 10, Aarhus C, Denmark. .,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Aarhus, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 82, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark.
| | - Morten K Skouboe
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Aarhus, Hoegh-Guldberg Gade 10, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | | | | | | | - Siv L Leknes
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Aarhus, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 82, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Martin F Berthelsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Aarhus, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 82, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Maria Riedel
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Aarhus, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 82, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Huiqiang Cai
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Aarhus, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 82, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Justin V Joseph
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Aarhus, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 82, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | | | | | - Mikkel H Vendelbo
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Aarhus, Hoegh-Guldberg Gade 10, Aarhus C, Denmark.,Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Søren R Paludan
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Aarhus, Hoegh-Guldberg Gade 10, Aarhus C, Denmark.
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Postigo-Fernandez J, Farber DL, Creusot RJ. Phenotypic alterations in pancreatic lymph node stromal cells from human donors with type 1 diabetes and NOD mice. Diabetologia 2019; 62:2040-2051. [PMID: 31486854 PMCID: PMC6812633 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-019-04984-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Tolerance induction in lymph nodes can be mediated by both haematopoietic cells (e.g. specific dendritic cells subsets) and by non-haematopoietic cells (e.g. lymph node stromal cells [LNSCs]) when they present peripheral tissue antigens to autoreactive T cells. LNSCs normally regulate T cell trafficking and survival and help to maintain peripheral tolerance by exerting immunosuppressive effects. However, whether autoimmunity can be associated with defective tolerogenic functions of LNSCs is unknown and studies aimed at characterising LNSCs in humans are lacking. We hypothesised that dysregulated T cell responses in pancreatic lymph nodes (PLNs) from donors with type 1 diabetes and from NOD mice may be associated with altered LNSC function. METHODS We analysed PLNs from donors with type 1 diabetes and NOD mice for LNSC distribution and phenotype using flow cytometry. We assessed the expression of tolerance-related genes in different subsets of LNSCs from human donors, as well as in a population of dendritic cells enriched in autoimmune regulator (AIRE)+ cells and identified as HLA-DRhigh CD45low. RESULTS The relative frequency of different LNSC subsets was altered in both donors with type 1 diabetes and NOD mice, and both MHC class II and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression were upregulated in human type 1 diabetes. Tolerance-related genes showed similar expression profiles between mouse and human LNSCs at steady state but were generally upregulated in the context of human type 1 diabetes, while, at the same time, many such genes were downregulated in the AIRE-enriched dendritic cell population. CONCLUSION/INTERPRETATION Our study shows that LNSCs are substantially altered in type 1 diabetes, but, surprisingly, they exhibit an enhanced tolerogenic phenotype along with increased antigen-presenting potential, which may indicate an attempt to offset dendritic cell-related tolerogenic defects in tolerance. Thus, LNSCs could constitute alternative therapeutic targets in which to deliver antigens to help re-establish tolerance and prevent or treat type 1 diabetes. DATA AVAILABILITY All data generated or analysed during this study are included in the published article (and its online supplementary files). Biomark gene expression data were deposited on the Mendeley repository at https://data.mendeley.com/datasets/d9rdzdmvyf/1 . Any other raw datasets are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. No applicable resources were generated or analysed during the current study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Postigo-Fernandez
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, 650 W. 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Donna L Farber
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, 650 W. 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rémi J Creusot
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, 650 W. 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
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Tamburini BAJ, Elder AM, Finlon JM, Winter AB, Wessells VM, Borges VF, Lyons TR. PD-1 Blockade During Post-partum Involution Reactivates the Anti-tumor Response and Reduces Lymphatic Vessel Density. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1313. [PMID: 31244852 PMCID: PMC6579890 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-partum breast cancer patients, or breast cancer patients diagnosed within 10 years of last childbirth, are ~3-5 times more likely to develop metastasis in comparison to non-post-partum, or nulliparous, patients. Additionally, post-partum patients have increased tumor-associated lymphatic vessels and LN involvement, including when controlled for size of the primary tumor. In pre-clinical, immune-competent, mouse mammary tumor models of post-partum breast cancer (PPBC), tumor growth and lymphogenous tumor cell spread occur more rapidly in post-partum hosts. Here we report on PD-L1 expression by lymphatic endothelial cells and CD11b+ cells in the microenvironment of post-partum tumors, which is accompanied by an increase in PD-1 expression by T cells. Additionally, we observed increases in PD-L1 and PD-1 in whole mammary tissues during post-partum mammary gland involution; a known driver of post-partum tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis in pre-clinical models. Importantly, implantation of murine mammary tumor cells during post-partum mammary gland involution elicits a CD8+ T cell population that expresses both the co-inhibitory receptors PD-1 and Lag-3. However, upon anti-PD-1 treatment, during post-partum mammary gland involution, the involution-initiated promotional effects on tumor growth are reversed and the PD-1, Lag-3 double positive population disappears. Consequently, we observed an expansion of poly-functional CD8+ T cells that produced both IFNγ and TNFα. Finally, lymphatic vessel frequency decreased significantly following anti-PD-1 suggesting that anti-PD-1/PD-L1 targeted therapies may have efficacy in reducing tumor growth and dissemination in post-partum breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth A Jirón Tamburini
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver, CO, United States.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver, CO, United States
| | - Alan M Elder
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver, CO, United States.,Young Women's' Breast Cancer Translational Program and University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Jeffrey M Finlon
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver, CO, United States
| | - Andrew B Winter
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver, CO, United States
| | - Veronica M Wessells
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver, CO, United States.,Young Women's' Breast Cancer Translational Program and University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Virginia F Borges
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver, CO, United States.,Young Women's' Breast Cancer Translational Program and University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Traci R Lyons
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver, CO, United States.,Young Women's' Breast Cancer Translational Program and University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, CO, United States
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47
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Lucas ED, Tamburini BAJ. Lymph Node Lymphatic Endothelial Cell Expansion and Contraction and the Programming of the Immune Response. Front Immunol 2019; 10:36. [PMID: 30740101 PMCID: PMC6357284 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) form the structure of the lymphatic vessels and the sinuses of the lymph nodes, positioning them to be key players in many different aspects of the immune response. Following an inflammatory stimulus, LECs produce chemokines that recruit immune cells to the lymph nodes. The recruitment of immune cells aids in the coordination of both LEC and lymph node expansion and contraction. More recent data has demonstrated that to coordinate LEC division and death, cell surface molecules, such as PD-L1 and interferon receptors, are required. During homeostasis, LECs use PD-L1 to maintain peripheral tolerance by presenting specific peripheral tissue antigens in order to eliminate tissue specific responses. LECs also have the capacity to acquire, present, and exchange foreign antigens following viral infection or immunization. Here we will review how lymph node LECs require immune cells to expand and contract in response to an immune stimulus, the factors involved and how direct LEC-immune cell interactions are important for programming immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin D Lucas
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Beth A J Tamburini
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
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Lane RS, Femel J, Breazeale AP, Loo CP, Thibault G, Kaempf A, Mori M, Tsujikawa T, Chang YH, Lund AW. IFNγ-activated dermal lymphatic vessels inhibit cytotoxic T cells in melanoma and inflamed skin. J Exp Med 2018; 215:3057-3074. [PMID: 30381467 PMCID: PMC6279400 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20180654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms of immune suppression in peripheral tissues counteract protective immunity to prevent immunopathology and are coopted by tumors for immune evasion. While lymphatic vessels facilitate T cell priming, they also exert immune suppressive effects in lymph nodes at steady-state. Therefore, we hypothesized that peripheral lymphatic vessels acquire suppressive mechanisms to limit local effector CD8+ T cell accumulation in murine skin. We demonstrate that nonhematopoietic PD-L1 is largely expressed by lymphatic and blood endothelial cells and limits CD8+ T cell accumulation in tumor microenvironments. IFNγ produced by tissue-infiltrating, antigen-specific CD8+ T cells, which are in close proximity to tumor-associated lymphatic vessels, is sufficient to induce lymphatic vessel PD-L1 expression. Disruption of IFNγ-dependent crosstalk through lymphatic-specific loss of IFNγR boosts T cell accumulation in infected and malignant skin leading to increased viral pathology and tumor control, respectively. Consequently, we identify IFNγR as an immunological switch in lymphatic vessels that balances protective immunity and immunopathology leading to adaptive immune resistance in melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan S Lane
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Julia Femel
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Alec P Breazeale
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Christopher P Loo
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Guillaume Thibault
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Computational Biology Program, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
- OHSU Center for Spatial Systems Biomedicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Andy Kaempf
- Knight Cancer Institute, Biostatistics Shared Resource, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Motomi Mori
- Knight Cancer Institute, Biostatistics Shared Resource, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Takahiro Tsujikawa
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto City, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Young Hwan Chang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Computational Biology Program, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
- OHSU Center for Spatial Systems Biomedicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Amanda W Lund
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
- OHSU Center for Spatial Systems Biomedicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
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PD-1 immunobiology in systemic lupus erythematosus. J Autoimmun 2018; 97:1-9. [PMID: 30396745 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2018.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Programmed death (PD)-1 receptors and their ligands have been identified in the pathogenesis and development of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Two key pathways, toll-like receptor and type I interferon, are significant to SLE pathogenesis and modulate the expression of PD-1 and the ligands (PD-L1, PD-L2) through activation of NF-κB and/or STAT1. These cell signals are regulated by tyrosine kinase (Tyro, Axl, Mer) receptors (TAMs) that are aberrantly activated in SLE. STAT1 and NF-κB also exhibit crosstalk with the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR). Ligands to AHR are identified in SLE etiology and pathogenesis. These ligands also regulate the activity of the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), which is an identified factor in SLE and PD-1 immunobiology. AHR is important in the maintenance of immune tolerance and the development of distinct immune subsets, highlighting a potential role of AHR in PD-1 immunobiology. Understanding the functions of AHR ligands as well as AHR crosstalk with STAT1, NF-κB, and EBV may provide insight into disease development, the PD-1 axis and immunotherapies that target PD-1 and its ligand, PD-L1.
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