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Tong B, Leong SG, Jian T, Niu G, Gai Y, Meng X, Lv H, Dong X, Ding X, Chen J. Site-specific pegylated IL2 mutein with biased IL2 receptor binding for cancer immunotherapy. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 136:112359. [PMID: 38815348 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
While Interleukin 2 (IL2) has the capability to activate both NK and T cells robustly, its limited in vivo half-life, considerable toxicity, and tendency to boost Treg cells pose significant challenges, restricting its widespread application in cancer therapy. In this investigation, we engineered a novel IL2 variant (IL2-4M-PEG) with reduced CD25 binding activity and an extended half-life by substituting amino acids associated with CD25 binding and implementing site-directed PEGylation. IL2-4M-PEG notably amplifies effector cells over Treg cells. Furthermore, our findings reveal that IL2-4M-PEG, characterized by an extended half-life, exhibits anti-tumor effects in a mouse model. Consequently, this innovative IL2 holds the potential for enhancing combined cancer therapies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Tong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Sirou Grace Leong
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tunyu Jian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Guanting Niu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanan Gai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiuhua Meng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Han Lv
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Xianchi Dong
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; Engineering Research Center of Protein and Peptide Medicine, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China.
| | - Xiaoqin Ding
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China.
| | - Jian Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China.
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Zhang R, Zhao Y, Chen X, Zhuang Z, Li X, Shen E. Low-dose IL-2 therapy in autoimmune diseases: An update review. Int Rev Immunol 2024; 43:113-137. [PMID: 37882232 DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2023.2274574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory T (Treg) cells are essential for maintaining self-immune tolerance. Reduced numbers or functions of Treg cells have been involved in the pathogenesis of various autoimmune diseases and allograft rejection. Therefore, the approaches that increase the pool or suppressive function of Treg cells in vivo could be a general strategy to treat different autoimmune diseases and allograft rejection. Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is essential for the development, survival, maintenance, and function of Treg cells, constitutively expressing the high-affinity receptor of IL-2 and sensitive response to IL-2 in vivo. And low-dose IL-2 therapy in vivo could restore the imbalance between autoimmune response and self-tolerance toward self-tolerance via promoting Treg cell expansion and inhibiting follicular helper T (Tfh) and IL-17-producing helper T (Th17) cell differentiation. Currently, low-dose IL-2 treatment is receiving extensive attention in autoimmune disease and transplantation treatment. In this review, we summarize the biology of IL-2/IL-2 receptor, the mechanisms of low-dose IL-2 therapy in autoimmune diseases, the application in the progress of different autoimmune diseases, including Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), Type 1 Diabetes (T1D), Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), Autoimmune Hepatitis (AIH), Alopecia Areata (AA), Immune Thrombocytopenia (ITP) and Chronic graft-versus-host-disease (GVHD). We also discuss the future directions to optimize low-dose IL-2 treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruizhi Zhang
- Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Third Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuyang Zhao
- Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangming Chen
- Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhuoqing Zhuang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Third Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaomin Li
- Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Erxia Shen
- Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Duan R, Huang K, Yu T, Chang C, Chu X, Huang Y, Zheng Z, Ma L, Li B, Yang T. Interleukin-2/anti-interleukin-2 complex attenuates inflammation in a mouse COPD model by expanding CD4 + CD25 + Foxp3 + regulatory T cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 131:111849. [PMID: 38503017 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Chronic, nonspecific inflammation of the alveoli and airways is an important pathological feature of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), while sustained inflammatory reactions can cause alveolar damage. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) inhibit inflammation, whereas the interleukin-2/anti-interleukin-2 complex (IL-2C) increases the number of Tregs; however, whether the IL-2C has a therapeutic role in COPD remains unknown. Therefore, this study investigated whether IL-2C alleviates lung inflammation in COPD by increasing the number of Tregs. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH A mouse COPD model was created by exposing mice to lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and cigarette smoke (CS), and the effects of IL-2C treatment on COPD were evaluated. The number of Tregs in the spleen and lung, pulmonary pathological changes, and inflammatory damage were examined through flow cytometry, histopathology, and immunofluorescence, respectively. KEY RESULTS IL-2C increased the number of Treg cells in the spleen and lungs after exposure to CS and LPS, reduced the number of T helper 17 (Th17) cells in lung tissue, and improved the Th17/Treg balance. IL-2C decreased the number of inflammatory cells and reduced the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, CCL5, KC, and MCP-1 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and serum. IL-2C significantly reduced the pathological scores for lung inflammation, as well as decreased airway mucus secretion and infiltration of neutrophils and macrophages in the lungs. The depletion of Tregs using anti-CD25 antibodies eliminated the beneficial effects of IL-2C. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS IL-2C is a potential therapeutic agent for alleviating excessive inflammation in the lungs of patients with COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruirui Duan
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China; National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, China
| | - Ke Huang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China; National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, China
| | - Tao Yu
- Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chenli Chang
- Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Chu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China; National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, China
| | - Yuhang Huang
- Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhoude Zheng
- Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Linxi Ma
- Queen Mary School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Baicun Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China; National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, China.
| | - Ting Yang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China; National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, China.
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Akkenepally SV, Yombo DJK, Yerubandi S, Reddy GB, Deshpande DA, McCormack FX, Madala SK. Interleukin 31 receptor α promotes smooth muscle cell contraction and airway hyperresponsiveness in asthma. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8207. [PMID: 38081868 PMCID: PMC10713652 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44040-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory airway disease characterized by airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), inflammation, and goblet cell hyperplasia. Multiple cytokines, including IFNγ, IL-4, and IL-13 are associated with asthma; however, the mechanisms underlying the effects of these cytokines remain unclear. Here, we report a significant increase in the expression of IL-31RA, but not its cognate ligand IL-31, in mouse models of allergic asthma. In support of this, IFNγ, IL-4, and IL-13 upregulated IL-31RA but not IL-31 in both human and mice primary airway smooth muscle cells (ASMC) isolated from the airways of murine and human lungs. Importantly, the loss of IL-31RA attenuated AHR but had no effect on inflammation and goblet cell hyperplasia in mice challenged with allergens or treated with IL-13 or IFNγ. We show that IL-31RA functions as a positive regulator of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor 3 expression, augmenting calcium levels and myosin light chain phosphorylation in human and murine ASMC. These findings identify a role for IL-31RA in AHR that is distinct from airway inflammation and goblet cell hyperplasia in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santhoshi V Akkenepally
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Division of Biochemistry, National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Dan J K Yombo
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Sanjana Yerubandi
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | - Deepak A Deshpande
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Jane and Leonard Korman Respiratory Institute, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Francis X McCormack
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Satish K Madala
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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5
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Harris F, Berdugo YA, Tree T. IL-2-based approaches to Treg enhancement. Clin Exp Immunol 2023; 211:149-163. [PMID: 36399073 PMCID: PMC10019135 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxac105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune homeostasis is heavily dependent on the action of regulatory T cells (Tregs) which act to suppress the activation of many immune cell types including autoreactive conventional T cells. A body of evidence has shown that Tregs are intrinsically defective in many common autoimmune diseases, and gene polymorphisms which increase the susceptibility of autoimmune disease development have implicated the interleukin-2 (IL-2) signaling pathway as a key dysregulated mechanism. IL-2 is essential for Treg function and survival, and Tregs are highly sensitive to low levels of this cytokine in their environment. This review will revisit the rationale behind using low-dose IL-2 as a therapy to treat autoimmune diseases and evaluate the outcomes of trials to date. Furthermore, novel engineered IL-2 therapies with increased Treg specificity have shown promise in pre-clinical studies and human clinical trials for some agents have begun. Future studies will determine whether low-dose IL-2 or engineered IL-2 therapies can change the course of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ffion Harris
- Department of Immunobiology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College, London, UK
| | - Yoana Arroyo Berdugo
- Department of Immunobiology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College, London, UK
| | - Timothy Tree
- Department of Immunobiology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College, London, UK
- National Institute of Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at Guy’s and St. Thomas’ National Health Service Foundation Trust, King’s College London, London, UK
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6
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Akkenepally S, Yombo DJK, Yerubandi S, Geereddy BR, McCormack FX, Madala SK. Interleukin 31 receptor alpha augments muscarinic acetylcholine receptor 3-driven calcium signaling and airway hyperresponsiveness in asthma. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2564484. [PMID: 36824812 PMCID: PMC9949265 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2564484/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory airway disease characterized by airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), inflammation, and goblet cell hyperplasia. Both Th1 and Th2 cytokines, including IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-13 have been shown to induce asthma; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We observed a significant increase in the expression of IL-31RA, but not its cognate ligand IL-31 during allergic asthma. In support of this, IFN-γ and Th2 cytokines, IL-4 and IL-13, upregulated IL-31RA but not IL-31 in airway smooth muscle cells (ASMC). Importantly, the loss of IL-31RA attenuated AHR but had no effects on inflammation and goblet cell hyperplasia in allergic asthma or mice treated with IL-13 or IFN-γ. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that IL-31RA functions as a positive regulator of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor 3 expression and calcium signaling in ASMC. Together, these results identified a novel role for IL-31RA in AHR distinct from airway inflammation and goblet cell hyperplasia in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santoshi Akkenepally
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio USA
- Division of Biochemistry, National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Dan JK Yombo
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio USA
| | - Sanjana Yerubandi
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio USA
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio USA
| | | | - Francis X. McCormack
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio USA
| | - Satish K Madala
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio USA
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio USA
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7
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Hernandez R, Põder J, LaPorte KM, Malek TR. Engineering IL-2 for immunotherapy of autoimmunity and cancer. Nat Rev Immunol 2022; 22:614-628. [PMID: 35217787 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-022-00680-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical studies of the T cell growth factor activity of IL-2 resulted in this cytokine becoming the first immunotherapy to be approved nearly 30 years ago by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of cancer. Since then, we have learnt the important role of IL-2 in regulating tolerance through regulatory T cells (Treg cells) besides promoting immunity through its action on effector T cells and memory T cells. Another pivotal event in the history of IL-2 research was solving the crystal structure of IL-2 bound to its tripartite receptor, which spurred the development of cell type-selective engineered IL-2 products. These new IL-2 analogues target Treg cells to counteract the dysregulated immune system in the context of autoimmunity and inflammatory disorders or target effector T cells, memory T cells and natural killer cells to enhance their antitumour responses. IL-2 biologics have proven to be effective in preclinical studies and clinical assessment of some is now underway. These studies will soon reveal whether engineered IL-2 biologics are truly capable of harnessing the IL-2-IL-2 receptor pathway as effective monotherapies or combination therapies for autoimmunity and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosmely Hernandez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Janika Põder
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Kathryn M LaPorte
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Thomas R Malek
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.
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8
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Zhang J, Zou Y, Chen L, Xu Q, Wang Y, Xie M, Liu X, Zhao J, Wang CY. Regulatory T Cells, a Viable Target Against Airway Allergic Inflammatory Responses in Asthma. Front Immunol 2022; 13:902318. [PMID: 35757774 PMCID: PMC9226301 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.902318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a multifactorial disorder characterized by the airway chronic inflammation, hyper-responsiveness (AHR), remodeling, and reversible obstruction. Although asthma is known as a heterogeneous group of diseases with various clinical manifestations, recent studies suggest that more than half of the clinical cases are ‘‘T helper type 2 (Th2)-high’’ type, whose pathogenesis is driven by Th2 responses to an inhaled allergen from the environmental exposures. The intensity and duration of inflammatory responses to inhaled allergens largely depend on the balance between effector and regulatory cells, but many questions regarding the mechanisms by which the relative magnitudes of these opposing forces are remained unanswered. Regulatory T cells (Tregs), which comprise diverse subtypes with suppressive function, have long been attracted extensive attention owing to their capability to limit the development and progression of allergic diseases. In this review we seek to update the recent advances that support an essential role for Tregs in the induction of allergen tolerance and attenuation of asthma progression once allergic airway inflammation established. We also discuss the current concepts about Treg induction and Treg-expressed mediators relevant to controlling asthma, and the therapies designed based on these novel insights against asthma in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Center for Biomedical Research, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Tongji Hospital Research Building, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuan Zou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Center for Biomedical Research, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Tongji Hospital Research Building, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Longmin Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qianqian Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Center for Biomedical Research, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Tongji Hospital Research Building, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Center for Biomedical Research, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Tongji Hospital Research Building, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Xie
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Center for Biomedical Research, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Tongji Hospital Research Building, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiansheng Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Center for Biomedical Research, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Tongji Hospital Research Building, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jianping Zhao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Center for Biomedical Research, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Tongji Hospital Research Building, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Cong-Yi Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Center for Biomedical Research, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Tongji Hospital Research Building, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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9
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Klein M, Misme‐Aucouturier B, Cheminant M, De Carvalho M, Wauters M, Tranquet O, Magnan A, Bouchaud G. Engineering a safe monoclonal anti-human IL-2 that is effective in a murine model of food allergy and asthma. Allergy 2022; 77:933-945. [PMID: 34324715 DOI: 10.1111/all.15029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are known to protect against allergies. Moreover, the decrease in the frequency and efficiency of Tregs amplifies allergic symptoms. AIM This study investigated whether expanding Tregs in vivo with an IL-2/IL-2 antibody complex could be safe, well tolerated and efficient in a therapeutic setting in allergies. METHODS We produced an anti-IL-2 antibody (1C6) and demonstrated that when it is complexed to human IL-2, it increases IL-2 efficiency to induce Tregs in vivo without any detectable side effects. Furthermore, the IL-2/1C6 complex induces an increase in Helios expression by Tregs, suggesting that it not only elevated Treg numbers but also boosted their functions. Using mouse models of house-dust-mite-induced airway inflammation and wheat-gliadin-induced food allergies, we investigated the therapeutic potential of the IL-2/1C6 complex in allergies. RESULTS IL-2/1C6 treatment significantly reduced allergic symptoms, specific IgE production, the adaptive immune response and tissue damage. Interestingly, IL-2/1C6 treatment modulated innate lymphoid cells by increasing ILC2s in asthma and decreasing ILC3s in food allergies. CONCLUSION In conclusion,complexed IL-2/anti-IL-2 may restore Treg numbers and function in respiratory and food allergies, thereby improving allergic markers and symptoms. Our IL-2/anti-IL-2 complex offers new hope for reestablishing immune tolerance in patients with allergies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Klein
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l’institut du thorax Nantes France
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Antoine Magnan
- Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l’institut du thorax Nantes France
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10
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Tomala J, Weberova P, Tomalova B, Jiraskova Zakostelska Z, Sivak L, Kovarova J, Kovar M. IL-2/JES6-1 mAb complexes dramatically increase sensitivity to LPS through IFN-γ production by CD25 +Foxp3 - T cells. eLife 2021; 10:62432. [PMID: 34932467 PMCID: PMC8691839 DOI: 10.7554/elife.62432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Complexes of IL-2 and JES6-1 mAb (IL-2/JES6) provide strong sustained IL-2 signal selective for CD25+ cells and thus they potently expand Treg cells. IL-2/JES6 are effective in the treatment of autoimmune diseases and in protecting against rejection of pancreatic islet allografts. However, we found that IL-2/JES6 also dramatically increase sensitivity to LPS-mediated shock in C57BL/6 mice. We demonstrate here that this phenomenon is dependent on endogenous IFN-γ and T cells, as it is not manifested in IFN-γ deficient and nude mice, respectively. Administration of IL-2/JES6 leads to the emergence of CD25+Foxp3-CD4+ and CD25+Foxp3-CD8+ T cells producing IFN-γ in various organs, particularly in the liver. IL-2/JES6 also increase counts of CD11b+CD14+ cells in the blood and the spleen with higher sensitivity to LPS in terms of TNF-α production and induce expression of CD25 in these cells. These findings indicate safety issue for potential use of IL-2/JES6 or similar IL-2-like immunotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Tomala
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Weberova
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Tomalova
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Jiraskova Zakostelska
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ladislav Sivak
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jirina Kovarova
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Kovar
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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11
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Safinia N, Vaikunthanathan T, Lechler RI, Sanchez‐Fueyo A, Lombardi G. Advances in Liver Transplantation: where are we in the pursuit of transplantation tolerance? Eur J Immunol 2021; 51:2373-2386. [PMID: 34375446 PMCID: PMC10015994 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202048875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Liver transplantation is the ultimate treatment option for end-stage liver disease. Breakthroughs in surgical practice and immunosuppression have seen considerable advancements in survival after transplantation. However, the intricate management of immunosuppressive regimens, balancing desired immunological quiescence while minimizing toxicity has proven challenging. Diminishing improvements in long-term morbidity and mortality have been inextricably linked with the protracted use of these medications. As such, there is now enormous interest to devise protocols that will allow us to minimize or completely withdraw immunosuppressants after transplantation. Immunosuppression withdrawal trials have proved the reality of tolerance following liver transplantation, however, without intervention will only occur after several years at the risk of potential cumulative immunosuppression-related morbidity. Focus has now been directed at accelerating this phenomenon through tolerance-inducing strategies. In this regard, efforts have seen the use of regulatory cell immunotherapy. Here we focus particularly on regulatory T cells, discussing preclinical data that propagated several clinical trials of adoptive cell therapy in liver transplantation. Furthermore, we describe efforts to further optimize the specificity and survival of regulatory cell therapy guided by concurrent immunomonitoring studies and the development of novel technologies including chimeric antigen receptors and co-administration of low-dose IL-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloufar Safinia
- Division of Transplantation Immunology & Mucosal BiologyKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | | | - Robert Ian Lechler
- Division of Transplantation Immunology & Mucosal BiologyKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | | | - Giovanna Lombardi
- Division of Transplantation Immunology & Mucosal BiologyKing's College LondonLondonUK
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12
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Pham MN, Khoryati L, Jamison BL, Hayes E, Sullivan JM, Campbell DJ, Gavin MA. In Vivo Expansion of Antigen-Specific Regulatory T Cells through Staggered Fc.IL-2 Mutein Dosing and Antigen-Specific Immunotherapy. Immunohorizons 2021; 5:782-791. [PMID: 34583939 PMCID: PMC11034776 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.2100051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In mice, Ag administration in the absence of adjuvant typically elicits tolerogenic immune responses through the deletion or inactivation of conventional CD4 T cells and the formation or expansion of regulatory CD4 T cells (Treg). Although these "Ag-specific immunotherapy" (ASI) approaches are currently under clinical development to treat autoinflammatory conditions, efficacy and safety may be variable and unpredictable because of the diverse activation states of immune cells in subjects with autoimmune and allergic diseases. To reliably induce Ag-specific tolerance in patients, novel methods to control T cell responses during ASI are needed, and strategies that permanently increase Treg frequencies among Ag-specific CD4 T cells may provide long-lasting immunosuppression between treatments. In this study, we present an approach to durably increase the frequency of Ag-specific Treg in mice by administering ASI when Treg numbers are transiently increased with individual doses of a half-life-extended Treg-selective IL-2 mutein. Repeated weekly cycles of IL-2 mutein doses (day 0) followed by ASI (day 3) resulted in a 3- to 5-fold enrichment in Treg among Ag-responsive CD4 T cells. Expanded Ag-specific Treg persisted for more than 3 wk following treatment cessation, as well as through an inflammatory T cell response to an Ag-expressing virus. Combining Treg enrichment with ASI has the potential to durably treat autoimmune disease or allergy by increasing the Treg/conventional CD4 T cell ratio among autoantigen- or allergen-specific T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minh N Pham
- Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA; and
| | | | | | - Erika Hayes
- Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA; and
| | | | | | - Marc A Gavin
- Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA; and
- Omeros Corp., Seattle, WA
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13
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Rajasekar N, Sivanantham A, Kar A, Mukhopadhyay S, Mahapatra SK, Paramasivam SG, Rajasekaran S. Anti-asthmatic effects of tannic acid from Chinese natural gall nuts in a mouse model of allergic asthma. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 98:107847. [PMID: 34126339 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways, which is characterized by infiltration of inflammatory cells, airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), and airway remodeling. This study aimed to explore the role and mechanism of tannic acid (TA), a naturally occurring plant-derived polyphenol, in murine asthma model. BALB/c mice were given ovalbumin (OVA) to establish an allergic asthma model. The results revealed that TA treatment significantly decreased OVA-induced AHR, inflammatory cells infiltration, and the expression of various inflammatory mediators (Th2 and Th1 cytokines, eotaxin, and total IgE). Additionally, TA treatment also attenuated increases in mucins (Muc5ac and Muc5b) expression, mucus production in airway goblet cells, mast cells infiltration, and airway remodeling induced by OVA exposure. Furthermore, OVA-induced NF-κB (nuclear factor- kappa B) activation and cell adhesion molecules expression in the lungs was suppressed by TA treatment. In conclusion, TA effectively attenuated AHR, inflammatory response, and airway remodeling in OVA-challenged asthmatic mice. Therefore, TA may be a potential therapeutic option against allergic asthma in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandhine Rajasekar
- Department of Biotechnology, BIT-Campus, Anna University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ayyanar Sivanantham
- Department of Biotechnology, BIT-Campus, Anna University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Amrita Kar
- Department of Paramedical and Allied Health Sciences, Midnapore City College, Midnapore, West Bengal, India
| | - Sramana Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Santanu Kar Mahapatra
- Department of Paramedical and Allied Health Sciences, Midnapore City College, Midnapore, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Subbiah Rajasekaran
- Department of Biochemistry, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India.
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14
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Khan MA, Khan ZA, Charles M, Pratap P, Naeem A, Siddiqui Z, Naqvi N, Srivastava S. Cytokine Storm and Mucus Hypersecretion in COVID-19: Review of Mechanisms. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:175-189. [PMID: 33519225 PMCID: PMC7838037 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s271292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucus is an integral part of the respiratory physiology. It protects the respiratory tract by acting as a physical barrier against inhaled particles and microbes. Excessive inflammation in conditions such as COVID-19 can result in over-production of mucus which obstructs the airway. Build-up of mucus can also contribute to recurrent airway infection, causing further obstruction. This article summarizes the current understanding and knowledge of respiratory mucus production and proposes the role of cytokine storm in inducing sudden mucus hypersecretion in COVID-19. Based on these cascades, the active constituents that inhibit or activate several potential targets are outlined for further research. These may be explored for the discovery and design of drugs to combat cytokine storm and its ensuing complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsin Ali Khan
- Reseach & Development Department, Era's Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Zaw Ali Khan
- Reseach & Development Department, Era's Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mark Charles
- Metabolic Research Unit, Era's Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pushpendra Pratap
- Metabolic Research Unit, Era's Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abdul Naeem
- Metabolic Research Unit, Era's Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Zainab Siddiqui
- Department of Pathology, Era's Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nigar Naqvi
- Department of Nutrition, Era's Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shikha Srivastava
- Department of Nutrition, Era's Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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15
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Roth-Walter F, Adcock IM, Benito-Villalvilla C, Bianchini R, Bjermer L, Boyman O, Caramori G, Cari L, Fan Chung K, Diamant Z, Eguiluz-Gracia I, Knol EF, Kolios A, Levi-Schaffer F, Nocentini G, Palomares O, Redegeld F, Van Esch B, Stellato C. Immune modulation via T regulatory cell enhancement: Disease-modifying therapies for autoimmunity and their potential for chronic allergic and inflammatory diseases-An EAACI position paper of the Task Force on Immunopharmacology (TIPCO). Allergy 2021; 76:90-113. [PMID: 32593226 DOI: 10.1111/all.14478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic advances using targeted biologicals and small-molecule drugs have achieved significant success in the treatment of chronic allergic, autoimmune, and inflammatory diseases particularly for some patients with severe, treatment-resistant forms. This has been aided by improved identification of disease phenotypes. Despite these achievements, not all severe forms of chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases are successfully targeted, and current treatment options, besides allergen immunotherapy for selected allergic diseases, fail to change the disease course. T cell-based therapies aim to cure diseases through the selective induction of appropriate immune responses following the delivery of engineered, specific cytotoxic, or regulatory T cells (Tregs). Adoptive cell therapies (ACT) with genetically engineered T cells have revolutionized the oncology field, bringing curative treatment for leukemia and lymphoma, while therapies exploiting the suppressive functions of Tregs have been developed in nononcological settings, such as in transplantation and autoimmune diseases. ACT with Tregs are also being considered in nononcological settings such as cardiovascular disease, obesity, and chronic inflammatory disorders. After describing the general features of T cell-based approaches and current applications in autoimmune diseases, this position paper reviews the experimental models testing or supporting T cell-based approaches, especially Treg-based approaches, in severe IgE-mediated responses and chronic respiratory airway diseases, such as severe asthma and COPD. Along with an assessment of challenges and unmet needs facing the application of ACT in these settings, this article underscores the potential of ACT to offer curative options for patients with severe or treatment-resistant forms of these immune-driven disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Roth-Walter
- Comparative Medicine, The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna and University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ian M Adcock
- Molecular Cell Biology Group, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Cristina Benito-Villalvilla
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rodolfo Bianchini
- Comparative Medicine, The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna and University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Leif Bjermer
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Lung and Allergy research, Allergy, Asthma and COPD Competence Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Onur Boyman
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gaetano Caramori
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dentistry and Morphological and Functional Imaging (BIOMORF), Respiratory Medicine Unit, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Luigi Cari
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Kian Fan Chung
- Experimental Studies Medicine at National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London & Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Zuzana Diamant
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Institute for Clinical Science, Skane University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Thomayer Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen and QPS-NL, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Ibon Eguiluz-Gracia
- Allergy Unit, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga-Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-ARADyAL, Málaga, Spain
| | - Edward F Knol
- Departments of Immunology and Dermatology/Allergology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Antonios Kolios
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Francesca Levi-Schaffer
- Pharmacology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Drug Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Giuseppe Nocentini
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Oscar Palomares
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Frank Redegeld
- Faculty of Science, Division of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Betty Van Esch
- Faculty of Science, Division of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Cristiana Stellato
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
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16
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Link CW, Rau CN, Udoye CC, Ragab M, Korkmaz RÜ, Comdühr S, Clauder AK, Lindemann T, Frehse B, Hofmann K, Almeida LN, Laumonnier Y, Beidaq AE, Finkelman FD, Manz RA. IL-2-Agonist-Induced IFN-γ Exacerbates Systemic Anaphylaxis in Food Allergen-Sensitized Mice. Front Immunol 2020; 11:596772. [PMID: 33362780 PMCID: PMC7759672 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.596772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Food allergies are common, costly and potentially life-threatening disorders. They are driven by Th2, but inhibited by Th1 reactions. There is also evidence indicating that IL-2 agonist treatment inhibits allergic sensitization through expansion of regulatory T cells. Here, we tested the impact of an IL-2 agonist in a novel model for food allergy to hen´s egg in mice sensitized without artificial adjuvants. Prophylactic IL-2 agonist treatment expanded Treg populations and inhibited allergen-specific sensitization. However, IL-2 agonist treatment of already sensitized mice increased mast cell responses and allergic anaphylaxis upon allergen re-challenge. These effects depended on allergen-specific IgE and were mediated through IFN-γ, as shown by IgE transfer and blockade of IFN-γ with monoclonal antibodies. These results suggest that although shifting the allergic reaction toward a Treg/Th1 response inhibits allergic sensitization, the prototypic Th1 cytokine IFN-γ promotes mast cell activation and allergen-induced anaphylaxis in individuals that are already IgE-sensitized. Hence, while a Th1 response can prevent the development of food allergy, IFN-γ has the ability to exacerbate already established food allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christina N. Rau
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Christopher C. Udoye
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Mohab Ragab
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Rabia Ü. Korkmaz
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Sara Comdühr
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Ann-Katrin Clauder
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Timo Lindemann
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Britta Frehse
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Katharina Hofmann
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Larissa N. Almeida
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Yves Laumonnier
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Asmaa El Beidaq
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Fred D. Finkelman
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and the Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Rudolf A. Manz
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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17
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Sato Y, Keino H, Nakayama M, Kano M, Okada AA. Effect of In Vivo Expansion of Regulatory T Cells with IL-2/anti-IL-2 Antibody Complex Plus Rapamycin on Experimental Autoimmune Uveoretinitis. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2020; 29:1520-1529. [PMID: 32459545 DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2020.1757119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: To determine the effect of injection of IL-2/anti-IL-2 antibody (IL-2 complex) together with rapamycin on the development of experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU).Methods: C57BL/6J mice were immunized with human interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein peptide. The immunized mice were injected intraperitoneally with PBS, IL-2 complex, rapamycin, or IL-2 complex/rapamycin on days 1, 2, 3, and 4 (induction phase) or days 10, 11, 12, and 13 (effector phase) after immunization.Results: Expansion of CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells in draining lymph nodes was observed in IL-2 complex and IL-2 complex/rapamycin-treated mice. Although injection of IL-2 complex alone was not capable of decreasing the clinical score of EAU, injection of IL-2 complex/rapamycin significantly delayed the onset of EAU. In contrast, the treatment with IL-2 complex alone or IL-2 complex/rapamycin during effector phase failed to suppress EAU.Conclusions: These findings suggest the potential limitations of IL-2 complex or IL-2 complex/rapamycin during EAU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiko Sato
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Radioisotope Research, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Keino
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makiko Nakayama
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mirai Kano
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Annabelle A Okada
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan
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18
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Wang W, Luo X, Zhang Q, He X, Zhang Z, Wang X. Bifidobacterium infantis Relieves Allergic Asthma in Mice by Regulating Th1/Th2. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e920583. [PMID: 32249275 PMCID: PMC7160606 DOI: 10.12659/msm.920583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bifidobacteria are among the probiotics used in treating intestinal diseases and are rarely used for allergic asthma treatment. The present study investigated the mechanism of B. infantis in treating allergic asthma in mice. Material/Methods A total of 40 male Balb/c mice were randomized into control, ovalbumin (OVA), montelukast (Mon), and B. infantis (B10) groups, and allergic asthma was induced in the OVA, Mon, and B10 groups. Airway reactivity was measured on day 29 by methacholine at various doses. The numbers of total cells and inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were counted by blood cell counter and Diff-Quik staining. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was performed to observe inflammatory cell infiltration in lung tissues. Total IgE and OVA-specific IgE in serum were measured by ELISA. Mucin 5AC expression was detected by Western blot to evaluate airway obstruction. The levels of Th1 (IFN-γ, IL-2) and Th2 (IL-4, IL-5, IL-13) cytokines in BALF and tissues were detected by ELISA and qRT-PCR, respectively. Results The mice in the OVA group had airway hyperreactivity, while the symptoms in the B10 group and Mon group were effectively relieved. B10 reduced the number of inflammatory cells in BALF as well as inflammatory cell infiltration in tissues. Moreover, the levels of total serum IgE, OVA-specific IgE, and Mucin 5AC were increased in the OVA group, but were reduced in the Mon group and B10 group. B. infantis increased the levels of Th1 cytokines and decreased those of Th2 cytokines. Conclusions B. infantis can reduce the infiltration of inflammatory cells induced by OVA-specific antibodies in mice. B. infantis has therapeutic effects on allergic asthma by promoting Th1 and inhibiting Th2 immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlan Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Xiaoming Luo
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Qin Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Xujun He
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Zhifang Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Xinxin Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
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19
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Araujo GR, Aglas L, Vaz ER, Machado Y, Huber S, Himly M, Duschl A, Goulart LR, Ferreira F. TGFβ1 mimetic peptide modulates immune response to grass pollen allergens in mice. Allergy 2020; 75:882-891. [PMID: 31750952 PMCID: PMC7217028 DOI: 10.1111/all.14108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) is a cytokine that exerts immunosuppressive functions, as reflected by its ability to induce regulatory T (Treg) cell differentiation and inhibit Th1 and Th2 responses. Hence, peptides that mimic the active core domain of TGFβ1 may be promising candidates for modulation of the allergic response. This study aimed to investigate a synthetic TGFβ1 mimetic peptide (TGFβ1-mim) for its ability to modulate the immune response during allergic sensitization to grass pollen allergens. METHODS The in vitro action of TGFβ1-mim was evaluated in human lung epithelial cells, Jurkat cells, and rat basophilic leukemia cells. The in vivo action was evaluated in a murine model of Phl p 5 allergic sensitization. Additionally, the Th2 modulatory response was evaluated in IL-4 reporter mice. RESULTS In vitro, TGFβ1-mim downregulated TNF-α production, IL-8 gene expression, and cytokine secretion, upregulated IL-10 secretion, and inhibited Phl p 5-induced basophil degranulation. During Phl p 5 sensitization in mice, TGFβ1-mim downregulated IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, and IFN-γ, upregulated IL-10, and induced Treg cell production. Furthermore, mice treated with TGFβ1-mim had lower levels of IgE, IgG1, IgG2a and higher levels of IgA antibodies than control mice. In a reporter mouse, the mimetic inhibited Th2 polarization. CONCLUSION The TGFβ1-mim efficiently modulated various important events that exacerbate the allergic microenvironment, including the production of main cytokines that promote Th1 and Th2 differentiation, and the induction of allergen-specific regulatory T cells, highlighting its potential use in therapeutic approaches to modulate the immune response toward environmental allergens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lorenz Aglas
- Department of BiosciencesUniversity of SalzburgSalzburgAustria
| | - Emília R. Vaz
- Laboratory of NanobiotechnologyInstitute of BiotechnologyFederal University of UberlândiaUberlândiaBrazil
| | - Yoan Machado
- Department of BiosciencesUniversity of SalzburgSalzburgAustria
- Present address:
Department of Oral Biological and Medical SciencesUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
| | - Sara Huber
- Department of BiosciencesUniversity of SalzburgSalzburgAustria
| | - Martin Himly
- Department of BiosciencesUniversity of SalzburgSalzburgAustria
| | - Albert Duschl
- Department of BiosciencesUniversity of SalzburgSalzburgAustria
| | - Luiz R. Goulart
- Laboratory of NanobiotechnologyInstitute of BiotechnologyFederal University of UberlândiaUberlândiaBrazil
| | - Fatima Ferreira
- Department of BiosciencesUniversity of SalzburgSalzburgAustria
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20
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Tahvildari M, Dana R. Low-Dose IL-2 Therapy in Transplantation, Autoimmunity, and Inflammatory Diseases. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2019; 203:2749-2755. [PMID: 31740549 PMCID: PMC6986328 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a central role in the induction and maintenance of immune homeostasis and self-tolerance. Tregs constantly express the high-affinity receptor to IL-2. IL-2 is a pleiotropic cytokine and a key survival factor for Tregs. It maintains Tregs' suppressive function by promoting Foxp3 expression and subsequent production of immunoregulatory cytokines. Administration of low-dose IL-2 is shown to be a promising approach to prevent allograft rejection and to treat autoimmune and inflammatory conditions in experimental models. The combination of IL-2 with its mAb (JES6-1) has also been shown to increase the t 1/2 of IL-2 and further enhance Treg frequencies and function. Low-dose IL-2 therapy has been used in several clinical trials to treat conditions such as hepatitis C vasculitis, graft-versus-host disease, type 1 diabetes, and systemic lupus erythematosus. In this paper, we summarize our findings on low-dose IL-2 treatment in corneal allografting and review recent studies focusing on the use of low-dose IL-2 in transplantation, autoimmunity, and other inflammatory conditions. We also discuss potential areas of further investigation with the aim to optimize current low-dose IL-2 regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Tahvildari
- Kresge Eye Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201; and
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Reza Dana
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
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21
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Xu Y, Pan Y, Zhou Z. Recombinant human thrombopoietin combined with interleukin-2 improves the effects of chemosensitivity and thrombocytopenia on a basic gemcitabine and carboplatin combination therapy for non-small cell lung cancer in a nude mouse model. J Thorac Dis 2019; 11:4671-4681. [PMID: 31903256 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2019.10.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background To investigate the effects of recombinant human thrombopoietin (rhTPO) and interleukin-2 (IL-2) on a basic gemcitabine (GEM) plus carboplatin (GC) treatment regimen in a murine lung carcinoma model. Methods Fifty nude mice with subcutaneous tumors derived from human lung cancer cells were divided into 5 groups, each comprised of 10 mice: A blank group (intraperitoneal injection of saline), a control group (GC) (intraperitoneal injections of GC), a rhTPO group (same as the control group plus subcutaneous injection of rhTPO), an IL-2 group (same as the control group plus subcutaneous injection of IL-2) and a rhTPO + IL-2 group (same as the rhTPO group plus subcutaneous injection of IL-2). Tumor development and histology as well as CD4+, phosphorylated-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK), phosphorylated-protein kinase B (p-AKT), phosphorylated-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-ERK), phosphorylated-phosphoinositide 3-kinase (p-pI3K) and GTPase RAS1 expression in tumor tissues were measured and blood analyses performed. Results Tumor sizes from all treated mice were significant smaller than the controls, as were the tumors of IL-2 plus GC treated mice compared to other treated groups. CD4+ expressing cells were increased in tumors after IL-2 and rhTPO treatment and the application of rhTPO significantly restored the blood platelet count. The expression of p-AMPK, p-AKT, p-ERK, p-pI3K and RAS1 in tumor cells were all significantly diminished after the addition of rhTPO and IL-2 to the GC regimen. Conclusions The supplementation of rhTPO and IL-2 to a GC regime effectively reduced tumor sizes and restored the platelet count in a human lung cancer mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhua Xu
- Department of Shanghai Lung Cancer Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Yan Pan
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Zhen Zhou
- Department of Shanghai Lung Cancer Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
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22
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Hong SW, O E, Lee JY, Yi J, Cho K, Kim J, Kim D, Surh CD, Kim KS. Interleukin-2/antibody complex expanding Foxp3 + regulatory T cells exacerbates Th2-mediated allergic airway inflammation. BMB Rep 2019. [PMID: 30885291 PMCID: PMC6507850 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2019.52.4.271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Foxp3+ regulatory CD4+ T (Treg) cells play an essential role in preventing overt immune responses against self and innocuous foreign antigens. Selective expansion of endogenous Treg cells in response to the administration of interleukin (IL)-2/antibody complex, such as the IL-2/JES6-1 complex (IL-2C) in mice, is considered an attractive therapeutic approach to various immune disorders. Here, we investigated the therapeutic potential of IL-2C in allergic airway inflammation models. IL-2C treatment ameliorated Th17-mediated airway inflammation; however, unexpectedly, IL-2C treatment exacerbated Th2-mediated allergic airway inflammation by inducing the selective expansion of Th2 cells and type-2 innate lymphoid cells. We also found that IL-2 signaling is required for the expansion of Th2 cells in lymphoproliferative disease caused by Treg cell depletion. Our data suggest that IL-2C is selectively applicable to the treatment of allergic airway diseases depending on the characteristics of airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Wook Hong
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Eunju O
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang 37673, Korea; Department of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Jun Young Lee
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang 37673, Korea; Department of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Jaeu Yi
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang 37673, Korea; Department of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Kyungjin Cho
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang 37673, Korea; Department of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Juhee Kim
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang 37673, Korea; Department of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Daeun Kim
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang 37673, Korea; Department of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Charles D Surh
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang 37673, Korea; Department of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Kwang Soon Kim
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang 37673, Korea; Department of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea
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23
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Yombo DJK, Mentink-Kane MM, Wilson MS, Wynn TA, Madala SK. Heat shock protein 70 is a positive regulator of airway inflammation and goblet cell hyperplasia in a mouse model of allergic airway inflammation. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:15082-15094. [PMID: 31431507 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.009145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (Hsps) are highly conserved molecular chaperones that are ubiquitously expressed in all species to aid the solubilization of misfolded proteins, protein degradation, and transport. Elevated levels of Hsp70 have been found in the sputum, serum, and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid of asthma patients and are known to correlate with disease severity. However, the function of Hsp70 in allergic airway inflammation has remained largely unknown. This study aimed to determine the role of Hsp70 in airway inflammation and remodeling using a mouse model of allergic airway inflammation. WT and Hsp70 double-knockout (Hsp70.1/.3-/-) mice were sensitized and challenged intratracheally with Schistosoma mansoni soluble egg antigens (SEAs) to induce robust Th2 responses and airway inflammation in the lungs. The lack of Hsp70 resulted in a significant reduction in airway inflammation, goblet cell hyperplasia, and Th2 cytokine production, including IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13. An analysis of the BAL fluid suggested that Hsp70 is critically required for eosinophilic infiltration, collagen accumulation, and Th2 cytokine production in allergic airways. Furthermore, our bone marrow (BM) transfer studies show that SEA-induced airway inflammation, goblet cell hyperplasia, and Th2 cytokine production were attenuated in WT mice that were reconstituted with Hsp70-deficient BM, but these effects were not attenuated in Hsp70-deficient mice that were reconstituted with WT BM. Together, these studies identify a pathogenic role for Hsp70 in hematopoietic cells during allergic airway inflammation; this illustrates the potential utility of targeting Hsp70 to alleviate allergen-induced Th2 cytokines, goblet cell hyperplasia, and airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan J K Yombo
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267
| | | | - Mark S Wilson
- Mill Hill Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas A Wynn
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Satish K Madala
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229 .,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267
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24
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Copsel S, Wolf D, Komanduri KV, Levy RB. The promise of CD4 +FoxP3 + regulatory T-cell manipulation in vivo: applications for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Haematologica 2019; 104:1309-1321. [PMID: 31221786 PMCID: PMC6601084 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2018.198838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
CD4+FoxP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) are a non-redundant population critical for the maintenance of self-tolerance. Over the past decade, the use of these cells for therapeutic purposes in transplantation and autoimmune disease has emerged based on their capacity to inhibit immune activation. Basic science discoveries have led to identifying key receptors on Tregs that can regulate their proliferation and function. Notably, the understanding that IL-2 signaling is crucial for Treg homeostasis promoted the hypothesis that in vivo IL-2 treatment could provide a strategy to control the compartment. The use of low-dose IL-2 in vivo was shown to selectively expand Tregs versus other immune cells. Interestingly, a number of other Treg cell surface proteins, including CD28, CD45, IL-33R and TNFRSF members, have been identified which can also induce activation and proliferation of this population. Pre-clinical studies have exploited these observations to prevent and treat mice developing autoimmune diseases and graft-versus-host disease post-allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. These findings support the development of translational strategies to expand Tregs in patients. Excitingly, the use of low-dose IL-2 for patients suffering from graft-versus-host disease and autoimmune disease has demonstrated increased Treg levels together with beneficial outcomes. To date, promising pre-clinical and clinical studies have directly targeted Tregs and clearly established the ability to increase their levels and augment their function in vivo. Here we review the evolving field of in vivo Treg manipulation and its application to allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Krishna V Komanduri
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology.,Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center.,Division of Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine
| | - Robert B Levy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology .,Division of Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine.,Department of Ophthalmology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL, USA
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25
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Xu L, Song X, Su L, Zheng Y, Li R, Sun J. New therapeutic strategies based on IL-2 to modulate Treg cells for autoimmune diseases. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 72:322-329. [PMID: 31005777 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.03.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is a multifunctional cytokine in immune regulation. It is essential for the differentiation, expansion and stability of CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells, which is an important factor in immune suppression and self-tolerance. Meanwhile, IL-2 also stimulate effector T (Teff) cells to promote immune responses. The opposite and diverse function of IL-2 impedes its application to boost Treg cell populations in autoimmune disease treatment. Thus, it became focus of the research to modulate IL-2 activities to enhance Treg cell functions selectively. Based on the characteristic properties of Treg cells such as constitutively expression of high affinity IL-2 receptors (IL-2Rs), multiple approaches, including IL-2/mAb complexes, IL-2 muteins and low-dose of IL-2 have emerged in recent years to selectively target Treg cells and treat autoimmunity. These therapeutic approaches have achieved favorable results in both clinical trials and experimental animal models, and provided engineering blueprints to develop novel strategies of IL-2 treatments for autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Xu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 30072, PR China
| | - Xiaolei Song
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 30072, PR China
| | - Lili Su
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 30072, PR China
| | - Yong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, PR China.
| | - Ru Li
- Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital and Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism Mechanism and Immune Diagnosis (BZ0135), Beijing 100044, PR China.
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 30072, PR China.
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26
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He R, Li L, Kong Y, Tian L, Tian X, Fang P, Bian M, Liu Z. Preventing murine transfusion-related acute lung injury by expansion of CD4 + CD25 + FoxP3 + Tregs using IL-2/anti-IL-2 complexes. Transfusion 2018; 59:534-544. [PMID: 30499590 DOI: 10.1111/trf.15064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) is one of the most serious adverse events following transfusion, and there is no specific treatment in clinical practice. However, regulatory T cells (Tregs) have been suggested to play a potential role in the treatment of TRALI. This study investigated whether interleukin (IL)-2 or IL-2/anti-IL-2 complexes (IL-2c), which are mediators of Treg expansion, can modulate the severity of antibody-mediated TRALI in vivo. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS This study utilized a mouse model of the "two-hit" mechanism: BALB/c mice were primed with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as the first hit, and then TRALI was induced by injecting major histocompatibility complex Class I antibodies. Mice injected with LPS only or LPS combined with isotype control antibodies served as controls. For the Treg-depleted groups, mice were infused with anti-mouse IL-2Rα first and then subjected to the same treatments as the TRALI group. Regarding IL-2- and IL-2c-treated mice, recombinant murine IL-2 or IL-2c was intraperitoneally administered to mice for 5 consecutive days before induction of the TRALI model. Samples were collected 2 hours after TRALI induction. RESULTS Prophylactic administration of IL-2 or IL-2c to mice prevented the onset of edema, pulmonary protein levels, and proinflammatory factors that inhibited polymorphonuclear neutrophil aggregation in the lungs. Furthermore, the percentage of CD4+ CD25+ FoxP3+ Tregs was expanded in vivo using IL-2 and IL-2c compared to TRALI mice, as was confirmed through analysis of the spleen, blood, and lung. CONCLUSION This study validates that the protective mechanisms against TRALI involve CD4+ CD25+ FoxP3+ Tregs, which can be expanded in vivo by IL-2 and IL-2c. This results in increased IL-10 levels and decreased IL-17A, thereby prophylactically preventing antibody-mediated murine TRALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui He
- Department of Blood Transfusion, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Li
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Yujie Kong
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Tian
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Xue Tian
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Peng Fang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Maohong Bian
- Department of Blood Transfusion, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhong Liu
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
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Airway Eosinophilopoietic and Autoimmune Mechanisms of Eosinophilia in Severe Asthma. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am 2018; 38:639-654. [PMID: 30342585 DOI: 10.1016/j.iac.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Eosinophils are critical in asthma biology, contributing to symptoms, airflow obstruction, airway hyperresponsiveness, and remodeling. In severe asthma, in addition to local maturation in bone marrow, in situ eosinophilopoiesis plays a key role in the persistence of airway eosinophilia. Local milieu of structural, epithelial and inflammatory cells contribute by generating eosinophilopoietic cytokines in response to epithelial-derived alarmins. Another mechanism of persistent airway eosinophilia is glucocorticosteroid insensitivity, which is linked to recurrent airway infections and presence of local autoantibodies. Novel molecules are being developed to target specific immune pathways as potential steroid-sparing strategies.
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28
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Yokoyama Y, Iwasaki T, Kitano S, Satake A, Nomura S, Furukawa T, Matsui K, Sano H. IL-2-Anti-IL-2 Monoclonal Antibody Immune Complexes Inhibit Collagen-Induced Arthritis by Augmenting Regulatory T Cell Functions. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 201:1899-1906. [PMID: 30143591 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
IL-2 induces regulatory T cells (Tregs) and reduces disease severity, such as in graft-versus-host disease and systemic lupus erythematosus. To investigate the regulatory network of IL-2 in rheumatoid arthritis, we examined the effects of IL-2-anti-IL-2 mAb immune complexes (IL-2ICs) in a rheumatoid arthritis model of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). CIA was induced in male DBA/1 mice by two immunizations with type II collagen at 3-wk intervals. IL-2ICs were prepared by mixing 5 μg of an anti-IL-2 mAb (clone JES6-1D) with 1 μg of mouse IL-2 and were injected i.p. every day for 3 d. Mouse paws were scored for arthritis using a macroscopic scoring system. Th1, Th2, Th17, and Tregs were analyzed by flow cytometry. Joint histopathology was examined by H&E and immunohistochemical staining. Treg functions were examined by studying in vitro suppression using flow cytometry. IL-2IC administration effectively elicited a 1.6-fold expansion of CD4+Foxp3+ Tregs in peripheral blood cells relative to that found in control mice. IL-2IC treatment significantly inhibited arthritis in CIA mice. Histopathological examination of joints revealed inhibited synovial cell proliferation and IL-17, IL-6, and TNF-α levels but increased Foxp3+ Tregs after IL-2IC treatment. Flow cytometric examination of spleen cells revealed reduced IFN-γ- and IL-17-producing cells and increased IL-10-producing Tregs after IL-2IC treatment. The suppressive activities of CD4+CD25+ Tregs induced by IL-2ICs were stronger than those in untreated mice. IL-2ICs inhibited arthritis by augmenting not only Treg numbers but also Treg functions, which play regulatory roles in autoimmune arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Yokoyama
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Iwasaki
- Department of Pharmacotherapy, School of Pharmacy, Hyogo University of Health Sciences, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-8530, Japan; and
| | - Sachie Kitano
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan
| | - Atsushi Satake
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1191, Japan
| | - Shosaku Nomura
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1191, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Furukawa
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Matsui
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan
| | - Hajime Sano
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan
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29
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Choudhry H, Helmi N, Abdulaal WH, Zeyadi M, Zamzami MA, Wu W, Mahmoud MM, Warsi MK, Rasool M, Jamal MS. Prospects of IL-2 in Cancer Immunotherapy. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:9056173. [PMID: 29854806 PMCID: PMC5960517 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9056173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
IL-2 is a powerful immune growth factor and it plays important role in sustaining T cell response. The potential of IL-2 in expanding T cells without loss of functionality has led to its early use in cancer immunotherapy. IL-2 has been reported to induce complete and durable regressions in cancer patients but immune related adverse effects have been reported (irAE). The present review discusses the prospects of IL-2 in immunotherapy for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hani Choudhry
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Metabolism and Epigenetic Unit, Faculty of Science, Cancer and Mutagenesis Unit, King Fahd Center for Medical Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nawal Helmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Metabolism and Epigenetic Unit, Faculty of Science, Cancer and Mutagenesis Unit, King Fahd Center for Medical Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wesam H. Abdulaal
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Metabolism and Epigenetic Unit, Faculty of Science, Cancer and Mutagenesis Unit, King Fahd Center for Medical Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mustafa Zeyadi
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Metabolism and Epigenetic Unit, Faculty of Science, Cancer and Mutagenesis Unit, King Fahd Center for Medical Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mazin A. Zamzami
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Metabolism and Epigenetic Unit, Faculty of Science, Cancer and Mutagenesis Unit, King Fahd Center for Medical Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Maged Mostafa Mahmoud
- King Fahd Medical Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Enzymology, Division of Human Genetics and Genome Research, National Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | | | - Mahmood Rasool
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad S. Jamal
- King Fahd Medical Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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30
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Jin RM, Warunek J, Wohlfert EA. Therapeutic administration of IL-10 and amphiregulin alleviates chronic skeletal muscle inflammation and damage induced by infection. Immunohorizons 2018; 2:142-154. [PMID: 30417170 PMCID: PMC6223302 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.1800024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of tissue integrity in skeletal muscle requires the immunomodulatory and regenerative functions of muscle-resident regulatory T cells (Tregs). Chronic skeletal muscle infections, such as with Toxoplasma gondii disrupt normal immuno-regulatory networks and lead to pathogenic changes in Treg function. Specifically, Tregs during chronic T. gondii infection reinforce an inflammatory macrophage bias that exacerbates injury in skeletal muscle. In this study, we investigated whether the aberrations in skeletal muscle Treg function during chronic infection could be overcome by treatment with Treg-related factors associated with enhanced muscle regeneration during sterile injury. We show treatment of chronically infected mice with the Treg promoting therapies, interleukin-2 complexed with anti-IL-2 antibody or interleukin-33 (IL-33), did not restore macrophage dynamics or muscle function, respectively, in vivo. However supplementation of known Treg-derived factors, interleukin-10 (IL-10) and amphiregulin (Areg) improved muscle function and skewed macrophages toward a restorative phenotype in the presence of chronic infection. These shifts in macrophage phenotype are coupled with enhanced physiologic parameters of regeneration. Together, these data suggest that while Treg-mediated immuno-regulation is compromised during chronic skeletal muscle infection, supplementation of canonical Treg-derived factors such as IL-10 and Areg can restore immunologic balance and enhance muscle repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard M Jin
- * Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Jordan Warunek
- * Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Wohlfert
- * Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
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31
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Smaldini PL, Trejo F, Cohen JL, Piaggio E, Docena GH. Systemic IL-2/anti-IL-2Ab complex combined with sublingual immunotherapy suppresses experimental food allergy in mice through induction of mucosal regulatory T cells. Allergy 2018; 73:885-895. [PMID: 29319881 DOI: 10.1111/all.13402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Therapeutic tolerance restoration has been proven to modify food allergy in patients and animal models and although sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) has showed promise, combined therapy may be necessary to achieve a strong and long-term tolerance. AIMS In this work, we combined SLIT with systemic administration of IL-2 associated with an anti-IL-2 monoclonal antibody (IL-2/anti-IL-2Ab complex or IL-2C) to reverse the IgE-mediated experimental allergy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Balb/c mice were sensitized with cholera toxin and milk proteins and orally challenged with allergen to elicit hypersensitivity reactions. Then, allergic mice were treated with a sublingual administration of very low amounts of milk proteins combined with intraperitoneal injection of low doses of IL-2C. The animals were next re-exposed to allergens and mucosal as well as systemic immunological parameters were assessed in vivo and in vitro. RESULTS The treatment reduced serum specific IgE, IL-5 secretion by spleen cells and increased IL-10 and TGF-β in the lamina propria of buccal and duodenal mucosa. We found an augmented frequency of IL-10-secreting CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Treg) in the submaxilar lymph nodes and buccal lamina propria. Tregs were sorted, characterized and adoptively transferred to naïve mice, which were subsequently sensitized. No allergy was experienced in these mice and we encouragingly discovered a faster and more efficient tolerance induction with the combined therapy compared with SLIT. CONCLUSION The combination of two therapeutic strategies rendered Treg-mediated tolerance more efficient compared to individual treatments and reversed the established IgE-mediated food allergy. This approach highlights the ability of IL-2C to expand Tregs, and it may represent a promising disease-modifying therapy for managing food allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. L. Smaldini
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos (IIFP); CONICET y Universidad Nacional de La Plata; La Plata Argentina
| | - F. Trejo
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos (IIFP); CONICET y Universidad Nacional de La Plata; La Plata Argentina
| | - J. L. Cohen
- Université Paris-Est; UMR_S955; UPEC; Créteil France
- Inserm, U955; Equipe 21; Créteil France
- Hôpital Henri Mondor; UPEC; APHP; Inserm; CIC Biothérapie; Créteil France
| | - E. Piaggio
- Institut Curie; PSL Research University; INSERM U932; Translational Immunotherapy team; Paris France
- Institut Curie; Centre d'Investigation Clinique Biothérapie CICBT 1428; Paris France
| | - G. H. Docena
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos (IIFP); CONICET y Universidad Nacional de La Plata; La Plata Argentina
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Wrangle JM, Patterson A, Johnson CB, Neitzke DJ, Mehrotra S, Denlinger CE, Paulos CM, Li Z, Cole DJ, Rubinstein MP. IL-2 and Beyond in Cancer Immunotherapy. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2018; 38:45-68. [PMID: 29443657 PMCID: PMC5815463 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2017.0101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of the T- and natural killer (NK) cell growth factor IL-2 has been a sentinel force ushering in the era of immunotherapy in cancer. With the advent of clinical grade recombinant IL-2 in the mid-1980s, oncologists could for the first time directly manipulate lymphocyte populations with systemic therapy. By itself, recombinant IL-2 can induce clinical responses in up to 15% of patients with metastatic cancer or renal cell carcinoma. When administered with adoptively transferred tumor-reactive lymphocytes, IL-2 promotes T cell engraftment and response rates of up to 50% in metastatic melanoma patients. Importantly, these IL-2-driven responses can yield complete and durable responses in a subset of patients. However, the use of IL-2 is limited by toxicity and concern of the expansion of T regulatory cells. To overcome these limitations and improve response rates, other T cell growth factors, including IL-15 and modified forms of IL-2, are in clinical development. Administering T cell growth factors in combination with other agents, such as immune checkpoint pathway inhibitors, may also improve efficacy. In this study, we review the development of T- and NK cell growth factors and highlight current combinatorial approaches based on these reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M. Wrangle
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Alicia Patterson
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - C. Bryce Johnson
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Daniel J. Neitzke
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Shikhar Mehrotra
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Chadrick E. Denlinger
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Chrystal M. Paulos
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Zihai Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - David J. Cole
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Mark P. Rubinstein
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
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Tian Y, Li Y, Li J, Feng S, Li S, Mao J, Xie Y, Liu X, Dong H, Zheng W, Wang M. Bufei Yishen Granules Combined with Acupoint Sticking Therapy Suppress Inflammation in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Rats: Via JNK/p38 Signaling Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2017; 2017:1768243. [PMID: 29234369 PMCID: PMC5682917 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1768243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The present study was initiated to explore the mechanism of the effects of Bufei Yishen granules combined with acupoint sticking therapy (Shu-Fei Tie) on inflammation regulated by c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 MAPK signaling in COPD rats. Seventy-two rats were divided into healthy control (Control), Model, Bufei Yishen (BY), acupoint sticking (AS), Bufei Yishen + acupoint sticking (BY + AS), and aminophylline (APL) groups (n = 12 each). COPD rats were exposed to cigarette smoke and bacteria and were given the various treatments from weeks 9 through 20; all animals were sacrificed at the end of week 20. MCP-1, IL-2, IL-6, and IL-10 concentrations in BALF and lung tissue as well as JNK and p38 mRNA and protein levels in lung were measured. The results showed that all the four treatment protocols (BY, AS, BY + AS, and APL) markedly reduced the concentrations of IL-2, IL-6, and MCP-1 and levels of JNK and p38 MAPK mRNA, and the effects of Bufei Yishen granules combined with acupoint sticking therapy were better than acupoint sticking therapy only and aminophylline. In conclusion, the favorable effect of Bufei Yishen granules combined with Shu-Fei Tie may be due to decreased inflammation through regulation of the JNK/p38 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yange Tian
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Respiratory Disease Diagnosis and Treatment & Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
| | - Ya Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Respiratory Disease Diagnosis and Treatment & Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
- Central Laboratory and Respiratory Pharmacological Laboratory of Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, China
| | - Jiansheng Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Respiratory Disease Diagnosis and Treatment & Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, China
| | - Suxiang Feng
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
- Institute of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
| | - Suyun Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Respiratory Disease Diagnosis and Treatment & Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, China
| | - Jing Mao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Respiratory Disease Diagnosis and Treatment & Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
| | - Yang Xie
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Respiratory Disease Diagnosis and Treatment & Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, China
| | - Xuefang Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Respiratory Disease Diagnosis and Treatment & Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
| | - Haoran Dong
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Respiratory Disease Diagnosis and Treatment & Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
| | - Wanchun Zheng
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Respiratory Disease Diagnosis and Treatment & Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
| | - Minghang Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Respiratory Disease Diagnosis and Treatment & Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, China
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Luu M, Jenike E, Vachharajani N, Visekruna A. Transcription factor c-Rel is indispensable for generation of thymic but not of peripheral Foxp3 + regulatory T cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:52678-52689. [PMID: 28881761 PMCID: PMC5581060 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor c-Rel has been shown to be crucial for development of regulatory T cells (Tregs). Recent studies have reported that the expression of transcription factor Helios in Foxp3+ Tregs correlates with thymic origin of these cells (tTregs). Notably, we found that only the Helios+Foxp3+ Treg cell population was substantially reduced in c-Rel deficient mice. In contrast to a defective tTreg development, we observed an expansion of mucosal Tregs during the induction of acute colitis in rel-/- mice. Furthermore, we found a preferential accumulation of Helios-Foxp3+ Tregs in aged c-Rel deficient mice. This unexpected finding, together with the observation that naïve CD4+ T cells convert into Tregs in vitro in the absence of c-Rel and presence of IL-2, provide an evidence that extra-thymic generation of induced and peripheral Tregs (iTregs and pTregs) is independent of c-Rel. Moreover, the treatment with IL-2/anti-IL-2 mAb (JES6-1) resulted in a widespread increase of Helios+Foxp3+ Tregs in both wild-type (WT) and rel-/- mice. These data suggest that exogenous IL-2 administration compensates for defective IL-2 production and reduced tTreg numbers in c-Rel deficient mice. Our findings reveal that c-Rel is essential for the generation of tTregs but not for that of pTregs and iTregs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maik Luu
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Elena Jenike
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Niyati Vachharajani
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Visekruna
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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Li KP, Shanmuganad S, Carroll K, Katz JD, Jordan MB, Hildeman DA. Dying to protect: cell death and the control of T-cell homeostasis. Immunol Rev 2017; 277:21-43. [PMID: 28462527 PMCID: PMC5416827 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
T cells play a critical role in immune responses as they specifically recognize peptide/MHC complexes with their T-cell receptors and initiate adaptive immune responses. While T cells are critical for performing appropriate effector functions and maintaining immune memory, they also can cause autoimmunity or neoplasia if misdirected or dysregulated. Thus, T cells must be tightly regulated from their development onward. Maintenance of appropriate T-cell homeostasis is essential to promote protective immunity and limit autoimmunity and neoplasia. This review will focus on the role of cell death in maintenance of T-cell homeostasis and outline novel therapeutic strategies tailored to manipulate cell death to limit T-cell survival (eg, autoimmunity and transplantation) or enhance T-cell survival (eg, vaccination and immune deficiency).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Po Li
- Immunology Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Sharmila Shanmuganad
- Immunology Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Kaitlin Carroll
- Immunology Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Jonathan D. Katz
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes Research Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Michael B. Jordan
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Immune Deficiency, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
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36
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Govender L, Wyss JC, Kumar R, Pascual M, Golshayan D. IL-2-Mediated In Vivo Expansion of Regulatory T Cells Combined with CD154-CD40 Co-Stimulation Blockade but Not CTLA-4 Ig Prolongs Allograft Survival in Naive and Sensitized Mice. Front Immunol 2017; 8:421. [PMID: 28484450 PMCID: PMC5399033 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, regulatory T cells (Treg)-based immunotherapy has emerged as a promising strategy to promote operational tolerance after solid organ transplantation (SOT). However, a main hurdle for the therapeutic use of Treg in transplantation is their low frequency, particularly in non-lymphopenic hosts. We aimed to expand Treg directly in vivo and determine their efficacy in promoting donor-specific tolerance, using a stringent experimental model. Administration of the IL-2/JES6-1 immune complex at the time of transplantation resulted in significant expansion of donor-specific Treg, which suppressed alloreactive T cells. IL-2-mediated Treg expansion in combination with short-term CD154–CD40 co-stimulation blockade, but not CTLA-4 Ig or rapamycin, led to tolerance to MHC-mismatched skin grafts in non-lymphopenic mice, mainly by hindering alloreactive CD8+ effector T cells and the production of alloantibodies. Importantly, this treatment also allowed prolonged survival of allografts in the presence of either donor-specific or cross-reactive memory cells. However, late rejection occurred in sensitized hosts, partly mediated by activated B cells. Overall, these data illustrate the potential but also some important limitations of Treg-based therapy in clinical SOT as well as the importance of concomitant immunomodulatory strategies in particular in sensitized hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lerisa Govender
- Transplantation Centre and Transplantation Immunopathology Laboratory, Service of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Christophe Wyss
- Transplantation Centre and Transplantation Immunopathology Laboratory, Service of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Transplantation Centre and Transplantation Immunopathology Laboratory, Service of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Manuel Pascual
- Transplantation Centre and Transplantation Immunopathology Laboratory, Service of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Dela Golshayan
- Transplantation Centre and Transplantation Immunopathology Laboratory, Service of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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37
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Jeffery HC, Jeffery LE, Lutz P, Corrigan M, Webb GJ, Hirschfield GM, Adams DH, Oo YH. Low-dose interleukin-2 promotes STAT-5 phosphorylation, T reg survival and CTLA-4-dependent function in autoimmune liver diseases. Clin Exp Immunol 2017; 188:394-411. [PMID: 28176332 PMCID: PMC5422719 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
CD4+CD25highCD127lowforkhead box protein 3 (FoxP3+) regulatory T cells (Treg) are essential for the maintenance of peripheral tolerance. Impaired Treg function and an imbalance between effector and Tregs contribute to the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. We reported recently that the hepatic microenvironment is deficient in interleukin (IL)−2, a cytokine essential for Treg survival and function. Consequently, few liver‐infiltrating Treg demonstrate signal transducer and activator of transcription‐5 (STAT‐5) phosphorylation. To establish the potential of IL‐2 to enhance Treg therapy, we investigated the effects of very low dose Proleukin (VLDP) on the phosphorylation of STAT‐5 and the subsequent survival and function of Treg and T effector cells from the blood and livers of patients with autoimmune liver diseases. VLDP, at less than 5 IU/ml, resulted in selective phosphorylation of STAT‐5 in Treg but not effector T cells or natural killer cells and associated with increased expression of cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen‐4 (CTLA‐4), FoxP3 and CD25 and the anti‐apoptotic protein Bcl‐2 in Treg with the greatest enhancement of regulatory phenotype in the effector memory Treg population. VLDP also maintained expression of the liver‐homing chemokine receptor CXCR3. VLDP enhanced Treg function in a CTLA‐4‐dependent manner. These findings open new avenues for future VLDP cytokine therapy alone or in combination with clinical grade Treg in autoimmune liver diseases, as VLDP could not only enhance regulatory phenotype and functional property but also the survival of intrahepatic Treg.
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Affiliation(s)
- H C Jeffery
- Centre for Liver Research and National Institute for Health Research Liver Biomedical Research Unit, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, UK
| | - L E Jeffery
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, UK
| | - P Lutz
- Centre for Liver Research and National Institute for Health Research Liver Biomedical Research Unit, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, UK
| | - M Corrigan
- Centre for Liver Research and National Institute for Health Research Liver Biomedical Research Unit, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, UK.,Liver Transplant and Hepatobiliary Unit, University Hospital of Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - G J Webb
- Centre for Liver Research and National Institute for Health Research Liver Biomedical Research Unit, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, UK.,Liver Transplant and Hepatobiliary Unit, University Hospital of Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - G M Hirschfield
- Centre for Liver Research and National Institute for Health Research Liver Biomedical Research Unit, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, UK.,Liver Transplant and Hepatobiliary Unit, University Hospital of Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - D H Adams
- Centre for Liver Research and National Institute for Health Research Liver Biomedical Research Unit, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, UK.,Liver Transplant and Hepatobiliary Unit, University Hospital of Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Y H Oo
- Centre for Liver Research and National Institute for Health Research Liver Biomedical Research Unit, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, UK.,Liver Transplant and Hepatobiliary Unit, University Hospital of Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
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38
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Camirand G, Riella LV. Treg-Centric View of Immunosuppressive Drugs in Transplantation: A Balancing Act. Am J Transplant 2017; 17:601-610. [PMID: 27581661 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.14029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory CD4+ Foxp3+ T cells (Tregs) are critical in controlling immunity and tolerance. Thus, preserving Treg numbers and function in transplanted patients is essential for the successful minimization of maintenance immunosuppression. Multiple cellular signals control the development, differentiation, and function of Tregs. Many of these signals are shared with conventional Foxp3- T cells (Tconv) and are targeted by immunosuppressive drugs, negatively affecting both Tregs and Tconv. Because intracellular signals vary in optimal intensity in different T cell subsets, improved specificity in immunosuppressive regimens must occur to benefit long-term transplant outcomes. In this regard, recent advances are gradually uncovering differences in the signals required in Tregs and Tconv biology, opening the door to new potential therapeutic approaches to either enhance or spare Tregs. In this review, we will explain the prominent cell signaling pathways critical for Treg maintenance and function, while reporting the effects of immunosuppressive drugs targeting these signaling pathways in clinical transplantation settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Camirand
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, The Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - L V Riella
- Renal Division, Schuster Transplantation Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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Mukherjee M, Lim HF, Thomas S, Miller D, Kjarsgaard M, Tan B, Sehmi R, Khalidi N, Nair P. Airway autoimmune responses in severe eosinophilic asthma following low-dose Mepolizumab therapy. ALLERGY, ASTHMA, AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CANADIAN SOCIETY OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 13:2. [PMID: 28070196 PMCID: PMC5216532 DOI: 10.1186/s13223-016-0174-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anti-interleukin (IL)-5 monoclonal antibodies as an eosinophil-depleting strategy is well established, with Mepolizumab being the first biologic approved as an adjunct treatment for severe eosinophilic asthma. CASE PRESENTATION A 62-year old woman diagnosed with severe eosinophilic asthma showed poor response to Mepolizumab therapy (100 mg subcutaneous dose/monthly) and subsequent worsening of symptoms. The treatment response to Mepolizumab was monitored using both blood and sputum eosinophil counts. The latter was superior in assessing deterioration in symptoms, suggesting that normal blood eosinophil count may not always indicate amelioration or adequate control of the ongoing eosinophil-driven disease process. This perplexing situation of persistent airway eosinophilia and increased steroid insensitivity despite an anti-eosinophil therapy can be explained if the administered dose of the mAb was inadequate in comparison to the target antigen. The resultant immune complexes could act as 'cytokine depots', protecting the potency of the 'bound' IL-5, thereby sustaining the eosinophilic inflammation within the target tissue. Molecular analysis of the sputum indicated the development of a polyclonal autoimmune response as well as an increase in group 2 innate lymphoid cells, two novel observations in severe eosinophilic asthma, which were associated with indices of disease severity and progression. This case highlights the possibility of a previously unrecognised autoimmune-mediated worsening of asthma perhaps triggered by immune complexes formed due to inadequate dosing of administered monoclonal antibodies in the target tissue. CONCLUSIONS While anti-IL5 mAb therapy is an exciting novel option to treat patients with severe asthma, there is the rare possibility of worsening of asthma as observed in this case study, due to local autoimmune mechanisms precipitated by potential inadequate airway levels of the monoclonal antibody.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manali Mukherjee
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University & St. Joseph’s Healthcare, Hamilton, ON Canada
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, 50 Charlton Avenue East, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6 Canada
| | - Hui Fang Lim
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sruthi Thomas
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University & St. Joseph’s Healthcare, Hamilton, ON Canada
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, 50 Charlton Avenue East, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6 Canada
| | - Douglas Miller
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University & St. Joseph’s Healthcare, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Melanie Kjarsgaard
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University & St. Joseph’s Healthcare, Hamilton, ON Canada
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, 50 Charlton Avenue East, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6 Canada
| | - Bruce Tan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Roma Sehmi
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University & St. Joseph’s Healthcare, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Nader Khalidi
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University & St. Joseph’s Healthcare, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Parameswaran Nair
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University & St. Joseph’s Healthcare, Hamilton, ON Canada
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, 50 Charlton Avenue East, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6 Canada
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Rajasagi NK, Rouse BT. IL-2 complex treatment amplifies CD8 + T cell mediated immunity following herpes simplex virus-1 infection. Microbes Infect 2016; 18:735-746. [PMID: 27866863 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2016.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
CD8+ T cells play an important role in controlling numerous virus infections and some tumors and therefore several strategies have been adopted to modulate CD8+ T cell responses. One such approach includes treatment with IL-2 bound to a monoclonal antibody against IL-2 (IL-2 complex) which was shown to enhance CD8+ T cell responses and provide protection against some cancers and pathogens. This report analyses the value of IL-2 complex therapy to protect against a cutaneous virus infection as occurs with herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) infection. Treatment with IL-2 complex after infection reduced virus levels and lesion severity in a zosteriform model of HSV infection in mice. Furthermore, IL-2 complex treatment expanded HSV-1-gB epitope-specific CD8+ T cells, IFN-γ and TNF-α producing CD8+ T cells as well as cells that produced more than one cytokine. In addition, IL-2 complex therapy recipients showed enhanced cytolytic activity of CD8+ T cells as shown by increased granzyme B expression and lytic granule release. Taken, together, these studies demonstrate that IL-2 complex therapy can be useful to boost protection against a cutaneous virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen K Rajasagi
- Biomedical & Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996-0845, United States
| | - Barry T Rouse
- Biomedical & Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996-0845, United States.
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Wu K, Ma J, Bai W, Cui X, Han T, Wang S, Xie Y, Xie Y. Short-term intratracheal use of PEG-modified IL-2 and glucocorticoid persistently alleviates asthma in a mouse model. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31562. [PMID: 27527926 PMCID: PMC4985708 DOI: 10.1038/srep31562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T (Treg) cells play an important role in allergic airway diseases, and upregulation of Treg cells is a potential therapeutic strategy for asthma. In this study, we show that short-term intratracheal use of IL-2 combined with glucocorticoid alleviates antigen-induced airway inflammation and reduces airway hyperresponsiveness by expanding antigen-nonspecific Treg cells, with a decrease in T helper 2 (Th2) cells and Th2-associated cytokines. We also designed a long-acting polyethylene glycol (PEG)-modified IL-2 and demonstrated that the optimal dosage form is IL-2(PEG) plus budesonide, which can upregulate Treg cells and ameliorate asthma at a lower dose. The therapeutic effect was faster than treatment with dexamethasone and was effective at a low dose suitable for humans that could last for at least 6 weeks. This study unveils a new therapeutic regimen and suggests that such endogenous Treg therapy could be a useful tool to persistently alleviate asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kefei Wu
- Department of Hematology, Huadong Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiexian Ma
- Department of Hematology, Huadong Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiya Bai
- Key laboratory of medical molecular virology, Institutes of biomedical sciences and institute of medical microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxian Cui
- Key laboratory of medical molecular virology, Institutes of biomedical sciences and institute of medical microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Han
- Department of Hematology, Huadong Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiyuan Wang
- Xiamen Amoytop Biotech Co., Ltd, Xiamen 360000, People's Republic of China
| | - Youhua Xie
- Key laboratory of medical molecular virology, Institutes of biomedical sciences and institute of medical microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhui Xie
- Department of Hematology, Huadong Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, People's Republic of China
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Gualdoni GA, Mayer KA, Göschl L, Boucheron N, Ellmeier W, Zlabinger GJ. The AMP analog AICAR modulates the Treg/Th17 axis through enhancement of fatty acid oxidation. FASEB J 2016; 30:3800-3809. [PMID: 27492924 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201600522r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
T cells must tightly regulate their metabolic processes to cope with varying bioenergetic demands depending on their state of differentiation. The metabolic sensor AMPK is activated in states of low energy supply and modulates cellular metabolism toward a catabolic state. Although this enzyme is known to be particularly active in regulatory T (Treg) cells, its impact on T helper (Th)-cell differentiation is poorly understood. We investigated the impact of several AMPK activators on Treg-cell differentiation and found that the direct activator AICAR (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide), but not the indirect activators metformin and 2-deoxyglucose, strongly enhanced Treg-cell induction by specifically enhancing Treg-cell expansion. Conversely, Th17 generation was impaired by the agent. Further investigation of the metabolic background of our observations revealed that AICAR enhanced both cellular mitochondrogenesis and fatty acid uptake. Consistently, increased Treg induction was entirely reversible on inhibition of fatty acid oxidation, thus confirming the dependence of AICAR's effects on metabolic pathways alterations. Translating our findings to an in vivo model, we found that the substance enhanced Treg cell generation on IL-2 complex-induced immune stimulation. We provide a previously unrecognized insight into the delicate interplay between immune cell function and metabolism and delineate a potential novel strategy for metabolism-targeting immunotherapy.-Gualdoni, G. A., Mayer, K. A., Göschl, L., Boucheron, N., Ellmeier, W., Zlabinger, G. J. The AMP analog AICAR modulates the Treg/Th17 axis through enhancement of fatty acid oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido A Gualdoni
- Institute of Immunology, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology, and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; and
| | - Katharina A Mayer
- Institute of Immunology, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology, and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; and
| | - Lisa Göschl
- Institute of Immunology, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology, and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; and.,Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine 3, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Nicole Boucheron
- Institute of Immunology, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology, and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; and
| | - Wilfried Ellmeier
- Institute of Immunology, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology, and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; and
| | - Gerhard J Zlabinger
- Institute of Immunology, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology, and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; and
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El Beidaq A, Link CWM, Hofmann K, Frehse B, Hartmann K, Bieber K, Martin SF, Ludwig RJ, Manz RA. In Vivo Expansion of Endogenous Regulatory T Cell Populations Induces Long-Term Suppression of Contact Hypersensitivity. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 197:1567-76. [PMID: 27439515 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Contact hypersensitivity (CHS) of murine skin serves as a model of allergic contact dermatitis. Hapten-specific CD8 T cells and neutrophils represent the major effector cells driving this inflammatory reaction whereas Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) control the severity of inflammation. However, whether in vivo expansion of endogenous Tregs can downregulate CHS-mediated inflammation remains to be elucidated. In this study, we addressed this issue by using injection of an IL-2/anti-IL-2 mAb JES6-1 complex (IL-2/JES6-1) as a means of Treg induction in 2,4,6-trinitrochlorobenzene-induced CHS. IL-2/JES6-1 injection before or after hapten sensitization led to a considerable reduction of skin inflammation, even when rechallenged up to 3 wk after the last treatment. Conversely, Treg depletion re-established the CHS response in IL-2/JES6-1-treated mice. IL-2/JES6-1 injection resulted in increased frequencies of natural and peripheral Tregs in spleen and draining lymph nodes (LNs), elevated IL-10 and TGF-β production by CD4 T cells, reduced CD86 expression by dendritic cells, and led to lower numbers of hapten-specific IFN-γ-producing CD8 T effector cells in LNs. Neutrophil and CD8 T cell infiltration was reduced in inflamed ear tissue, whereas CTLA-4(+)Foxp3(+) Treg frequencies were augmented. Adoptive transfer of LN cells of sensitized mice into recipients treated with IL-2/JES6-1 showed impaired CHS. Our results show that in vivo Treg expansion results in a prolonged CHS suppression, a sustained reduction of hapten-specific CD8 T cells, and a decrease in effector cell influx in inflamed tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa El Beidaq
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Christopher W M Link
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Katharina Hofmann
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Britta Frehse
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Karin Hartmann
- Department of Dermatology, University of Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Katja Bieber
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany; and
| | - Stefan F Martin
- Allergy Research Group, Department of Dermatology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ralf J Ludwig
- Department of Dermatology, University of Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany; Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany; and
| | - Rudolf A Manz
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany;
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Bonnet B, Vigneron J, Levacher B, Vazquez T, Pitoiset F, Brimaud F, Churlaud G, Klatzmann D, Bellier B. Low-Dose IL-2 Induces Regulatory T Cell-Mediated Control of Experimental Food Allergy. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 197:188-98. [PMID: 27259854 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are pivotal for maintenance of immune self-tolerance and also regulate immune responses to exogenous Ags, including allergens. Both decreased Treg number and function have been reported in allergic patients, offering new therapeutic perspectives. We previously demonstrated that Tregs can be selectively expanded and activated by low doses of IL-2 (ld-IL-2) inducing immunoregulation without immunosuppression and established its protective effect in autoimmune diseases. In this study, we evaluated the ability of ld-IL-2 to control allergy in an experimental model of food allergy. Ld-IL-2 induced Treg expansion and activation that elicited protection against clinical manifestations of food allergy in two mouse models with OVA and peanut. This clinical effect was lost in Treg-depleted mice, demonstrating the major contribution of Tregs in ld-IL-2 efficacy. Mechanistic studies further indicated that protection from allergy could be explained by a Treg-dependent local modification of the Th1/Th2 balance and an inhibition of mast cell recruitment and activation. Preventive and therapeutic effects of ld-IL-2 were observed over a 7-mo-period, highlighting its long-term efficacy. This study demonstrated that ld-IL-2 is efficient to prevent and to treat allergic immune responses, and thus represents a promising therapeutic strategy for managing allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Bonnet
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Université Paris 6, UMRS 959, I, F-75013 Paris, France; INSERM, UMRS 959, I, F-75013 Paris, France; and Service de Biothérapies et Centre d'Investigation Clinique en Biothérapie, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, 75013 Paris, France
| | - James Vigneron
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Université Paris 6, UMRS 959, I, F-75013 Paris, France; INSERM, UMRS 959, I, F-75013 Paris, France; and
| | - Béatrice Levacher
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Université Paris 6, UMRS 959, I, F-75013 Paris, France; INSERM, UMRS 959, I, F-75013 Paris, France; and
| | - Thomas Vazquez
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Université Paris 6, UMRS 959, I, F-75013 Paris, France; INSERM, UMRS 959, I, F-75013 Paris, France; and
| | - Fabien Pitoiset
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Université Paris 6, UMRS 959, I, F-75013 Paris, France; INSERM, UMRS 959, I, F-75013 Paris, France; and
| | - Faustine Brimaud
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Université Paris 6, UMRS 959, I, F-75013 Paris, France; INSERM, UMRS 959, I, F-75013 Paris, France; and
| | - Guillaume Churlaud
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Université Paris 6, UMRS 959, I, F-75013 Paris, France; INSERM, UMRS 959, I, F-75013 Paris, France; and Service de Biothérapies et Centre d'Investigation Clinique en Biothérapie, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, 75013 Paris, France
| | - David Klatzmann
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Université Paris 6, UMRS 959, I, F-75013 Paris, France; INSERM, UMRS 959, I, F-75013 Paris, France; and Service de Biothérapies et Centre d'Investigation Clinique en Biothérapie, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Bertrand Bellier
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Université Paris 6, UMRS 959, I, F-75013 Paris, France; INSERM, UMRS 959, I, F-75013 Paris, France; and Service de Biothérapies et Centre d'Investigation Clinique en Biothérapie, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, 75013 Paris, France
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Low-level regulatory T-cell activity is essential for functional type-2 effector immunity to expel gastrointestinal helminths. Mucosal Immunol 2016; 9:428-43. [PMID: 26286232 PMCID: PMC4677460 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2015.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Helminth infection is frequently associated with the expansion of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and suppression of immune responses to bystander antigens. We show that infection of mice with the chronic gastrointestinal helminth Heligmosomoides polygyrus drives rapid polyclonal expansion of Foxp3(+)Helios(+)CD4(+) thymic (t)Tregs in the lamina propria and mesenteric lymph nodes while Foxp3(+)Helios(-)CD4(+) peripheral (p)Treg expand more slowly. Notably, in partially resistant BALB/c mice parasite survival positively correlates with Foxp3(+)Helios(+)CD4(+) tTreg numbers. Boosting of Foxp3(+)Helios(+)CD4(+) tTreg populations by administration of recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2):anti-IL-2 (IL-2C) complex increased worm persistence by diminishing type-2 responsiveness in vivo, including suppression of alternatively activated macrophage and granulomatous responses at the sites of infection. IL-2C also increased innate lymphoid cell (ILC) numbers, indicating that Treg functions dominate over ILC effects in this setting. Surprisingly, complete removal of Tregs in transgenic Foxp3-DTR mice also resulted in increased worm burdens, with "immunological chaos" evident in high levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and interferon-γ. In contrast, worm clearance could be induced by anti-CD25 antibody-mediated partial depletion of early Treg, alongside increased T helper type 2 responses and without incurring pathology. These findings highlight the overarching importance of the early Treg response to infection and the non-linear association between inflammation and the prevailing Treg frequency.
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Mahr B, Unger L, Hock K, Pilat N, Baranyi U, Schwarz C, Maschke S, Farkas AM, Wekerle T. IL-2/α-IL-2 Complex Treatment Cannot Be Substituted for the Adoptive Transfer of Regulatory T cells to Promote Bone Marrow Engraftment. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0146245. [PMID: 26731275 PMCID: PMC4701413 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell therapy with recipient Tregs achieves engraftment of allogeneic bone marrow (BM) without the need for cytoreductive conditioning (i.e., without irradiation or cytotoxic drugs). Thereby mixed chimerism and transplantation tolerance are established in recipients conditioned solely with costimulation blockade and rapamycin. However, clinical translation would be substantially facilitated if Treg-stimulating pharmaceutical agents could be used instead of individualized cell therapy. Recently, it was shown that interleukin-2 (IL-2) complexed with a monoclonal antibody (mAb) (clone JES6-1A12) against IL-2 (IL-2 complexes) potently expands and activates Tregs in vivo. Therefore, we investigated whether IL-2 complexes can replace Treg therapy in a costimulation blockade-based and irradiation-free BM transplantation (BMT) model. Unexpectedly, the administration of IL-2 complexes at the time of BMT (instead of Tregs) failed to induce BM engraftment in non-irradiated recipients (0/6 with IL-2 complexes vs. 3/4 with Tregs, p<0.05). Adding IL-2 complexes to an otherwise effective regimen involving recipient irradiation (1Gy) but no Treg transfer indeed actively triggered donor BM rejection at higher doses (0/8 with IL-2 complexes vs. 9/11 without, p<0.01) and had no detectable effect at two lower doses (3/5 vs. 9/11, p>0.05). CD8 T cells and NK cells of IL-2 complex-treated naïve mice showed an enhanced proliferative response towards donor antigens in vitro despite the marked expansion of Tregs. However, IL-2 complexes also expanded conventional CD4 T cells, CD8 T cells, NK cells, NKT cells and notably even B cells, albeit to a lesser extent. Notably, IL-2 complex expanded Tregs featured less potent suppressive functions than in vitro activated Tregs in terms of T cell suppression in vitro and BM engraftment in vivo. In conclusion, these data suggest that IL-2 complexes are less effective than recipient Tregs in promoting BM engraftment and in contrast actually trigger BM rejection, as their effect is not sufficiently restricted to Tregs but rather extends to several other lymphocyte populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Mahr
- Section of Transplantation Immunology, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18–20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas Unger
- Section of Transplantation Immunology, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18–20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karin Hock
- Section of Transplantation Immunology, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18–20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nina Pilat
- Section of Transplantation Immunology, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18–20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ulrike Baranyi
- Section of Transplantation Immunology, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18–20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Schwarz
- Section of Transplantation Immunology, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18–20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Svenja Maschke
- Section of Transplantation Immunology, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18–20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Michael Farkas
- Section of Transplantation Immunology, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18–20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Wekerle
- Section of Transplantation Immunology, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18–20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- * E-mail:
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47
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Interleukin-2: Biology, Design and Application. Trends Immunol 2015; 36:763-777. [DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2015.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2015] [Revised: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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48
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Kosmaczewska A, Ciszak L, Swierkot J, Szteblich A, Kosciow K, Frydecka I. Exogenous IL-2 controls the balance in Th1, Th17, and Treg cell distribution in patients with progressive rheumatoid arthritis treated with TNF-alpha inhibitors. Inflammation 2015; 38:765-74. [PMID: 25145773 PMCID: PMC4344954 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-014-9987-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-2 (IL-2) has been suggested to control Treg/Th17 balance. Recently, we reported a relationship of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) activity/progression with irreversible systemic Treg and Th1 defects including serum IL-2 shortage. Herein, we explore the role of in vitro stimulation with rIL-2 in the observed immune alterations reversal. Patients with stable or progressive RA were assigned to methotrexate (MTX) group or to TNF-alpha inhibitors (iTNF) group, respectively. Flow cytometric analyses were performed before and after 6 months of treatment. Circulating Th1, Th17, and Treg cells were determined before and after 72-h culture with anti-CD3 + rIL-2. Before therapy, 72-h stimulation restored recently observed phenotypic Th cell alterations, except for the enriched Th17 subset normalized as late as after therapy in all patients. Under 6-month therapy, anti-CD3 stimulation changed the Th cell distribution only in progressive RA; despite Th1 enrichment, it revealed Treg population defects, which were completely reversed by exogenous IL-2 added to the stimulating culture. Our paper shows that in aggressive RA patients exhibiting serum IL-2 shortage despite iTNF therapy, exogenous rIL-2 is capable of promoting Treg differentiation affected by chronic activation, thus supporting its use in the combined strategy of biologic treatment of the progressive form of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Kosmaczewska
- Department of Immunopathology, Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, R. Weigla St. 12, 53-114, Wroclaw, Poland,
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Klatzmann D, Abbas AK. The promise of low-dose interleukin-2 therapy for autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Nat Rev Immunol 2015; 15:283-94. [PMID: 25882245 DOI: 10.1038/nri3823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 428] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Depletion of regulatory T (TReg) cells in otherwise healthy individuals leads to multi-organ autoimmune disease and inflammation. This indicates that in a normal immune system, there are self-specific effector T cells that are ready to attack normal tissue if they are not restrained by TReg cells. The data imply that there is a balance between effector T cells and TReg cells in health and suggest a therapeutic potential of TReg cells in diseases in which this balance is altered. Proof-of-concept clinical trials, now supported by robust mechanistic studies, have shown that low-dose interleukin-2 specifically expands and activates TReg cell populations and thus can control autoimmune diseases and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Klatzmann
- 1] Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMRS 959, Immunology-Immunopathology-Immunotherapy (i3), F-75651 Paris, France. [2] INSERM, UMRS 959, Immunology-Immunopathology-Immunotherapy (i3), F-75005 Paris, France. [3] Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Biotherapy and Département Hospitalo-Universitaire Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy (i2B), F-75651 Paris, France
| | - Abul K Abbas
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, California 94143-0511, USA
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Edukulla R, Singh B, Jegga AG, Sontake V, Dillon SR, Madala SK. Th2 Cytokines Augment IL-31/IL-31RA Interactions via STAT6-dependent IL-31RA Expression. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:13510-20. [PMID: 25847241 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.622126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin 31 receptor α (IL-31RA) is a novel Type I cytokine receptor that pairs with oncostatin M receptor to mediate IL-31 signaling. Binding of IL-31 to its receptor results in the phosphorylation and activation of STATs, MAPK, and JNK signaling pathways. IL-31 plays a pathogenic role in tissue inflammation, particularly in allergic diseases. Recent studies demonstrate IL-31RA expression and signaling in non-hematopoietic cells, but this receptor is poorly studied in immune cells. Macrophages are key immune-effector cells that play a critical role in Th2-cytokine-mediated allergic diseases. Here, we demonstrate that Th2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-13 are capable of up-regulating IL-31RA expression on both peritoneal and bone marrow-derived macrophages from mice. Our data also demonstrate that IL-4Rα-driven IL-31RA expression is STAT6 dependent in macrophages. Notably, the inflammation-associated genes Fizz1 and serum amyloid A (SAA) are significantly up-regulated in M2 macrophages stimulated with IL-31, but not in IL-4 receptor-deficient macrophages. Furthermore, the absence of Type II IL-4 receptor signaling is sufficient to attenuate the expression of IL-31RA in vivo during allergic asthma induced by soluble egg antigen, which may suggest a role for IL-31 signaling in Th2 cytokine-driven inflammation and allergic responses. Our study reveals an important counter-regulatory role between Th2 cytokine and IL-31 signaling involved in allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anil G Jegga
- Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229 and
| | | | - Stacey R Dillon
- the ZymoGenetics, Inc. (a Bristol-Myers Squibb Company), Seattle, Washington 98102
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