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Qiao J, Tan Y, Liu H, Yang B, Zhang Q, Liu Q, Sun W, Li Z, Wang Q, Feng W, Yang S, Cui L. Histone H3K18 and Ezrin Lactylation Promote Renal Dysfunction in Sepsis-Associated Acute Kidney Injury. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2307216. [PMID: 38767134 PMCID: PMC11267308 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202307216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Histone lactylation is a metabolic stress-related histone modification. However, the role of histone lactylation in the development of sepsis-associated acute kidney injury (SA-AKI) remains unclear. Here, histone H3K18 lactylation (H3K18la) is elevated in SA-AKI, which is reported in this study. Furthermore, this lactate-dependent histone modification is enriched at the promoter of Ras homolog gene family member A (RhoA) and positively correlated with the transcription. Correction of abnormal lactate levels resulted in a reversal of abnormal histone lactylation at the promoter of RhoA. Examination of related mechanism revealed that histone lactylation promoted the RhoA/Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) /Ezrin signaling, the activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), inflammation, cell apoptosis, and aggravated renal dysfunction. In addition, Ezrin can undergo lactylation modification. Multiple lactylation sites are identified in Ezrin and confirmed that lactylation mainly occurred at the K263 site. The role of histone lactylation is revealed in SA-AKI and reportes a novel post-translational modification in Ezrin. Its potential role in regulating inflammatory metabolic adaptation of renal proximal tubule epithelial cells is also elucidated. The results provide novel insights into the epigenetic regulation of the onset of SA-AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Qiao
- Institute of Medical TechnologyPeking University Health Science CenterBeijing100191China
- Department of Laboratory MedicinePeking University Third HospitalBeijing100191China
- Core Unit of National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory MedicinePeking University Third HospitalBeijing100191China
| | - Yuan Tan
- Institute of Medical TechnologyPeking University Health Science CenterBeijing100191China
- Department of Laboratory MedicinePeking University Third HospitalBeijing100191China
- Core Unit of National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory MedicinePeking University Third HospitalBeijing100191China
| | - Hongchao Liu
- Department of Laboratory MedicinePeking University Third HospitalBeijing100191China
- Core Unit of National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory MedicinePeking University Third HospitalBeijing100191China
| | - Boxin Yang
- Department of Laboratory MedicinePeking University Third HospitalBeijing100191China
- Core Unit of National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory MedicinePeking University Third HospitalBeijing100191China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Laboratory MedicinePeking University Third HospitalBeijing100191China
- Core Unit of National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory MedicinePeking University Third HospitalBeijing100191China
| | - Qi Liu
- Institute of Medical TechnologyPeking University Health Science CenterBeijing100191China
- Department of Laboratory MedicinePeking University Third HospitalBeijing100191China
- Core Unit of National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory MedicinePeking University Third HospitalBeijing100191China
| | - Wenyuan Sun
- Department of Laboratory MedicinePeking University Third HospitalBeijing100191China
- Core Unit of National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory MedicinePeking University Third HospitalBeijing100191China
| | - Zhongxin Li
- Department of Laboratory MedicinePeking University Third HospitalBeijing100191China
- Core Unit of National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory MedicinePeking University Third HospitalBeijing100191China
| | - Qingchen Wang
- Department of Laboratory MedicinePeking University Third HospitalBeijing100191China
- Core Unit of National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory MedicinePeking University Third HospitalBeijing100191China
| | - Weimin Feng
- Institute of Medical TechnologyPeking University Health Science CenterBeijing100191China
- Department of Laboratory MedicinePeking University Third HospitalBeijing100191China
- Core Unit of National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory MedicinePeking University Third HospitalBeijing100191China
| | - Shuo Yang
- Department of Laboratory MedicinePeking University Third HospitalBeijing100191China
- Core Unit of National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory MedicinePeking University Third HospitalBeijing100191China
| | - Liyan Cui
- Institute of Medical TechnologyPeking University Health Science CenterBeijing100191China
- Department of Laboratory MedicinePeking University Third HospitalBeijing100191China
- Core Unit of National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory MedicinePeking University Third HospitalBeijing100191China
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Stinson MW, Liu S, Laurenson AJ, Rotty JD. Macrophage migration is differentially regulated by fibronectin and laminin through altered adhesion and myosin II localization. Mol Biol Cell 2024; 35:ar22. [PMID: 38088893 PMCID: PMC10881148 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e23-04-0137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are indispensable for proper immune surveillance and inflammatory regulation. They also exhibit dramatic phenotypic plasticity and are highly responsive to their local microenvironment, which includes the extracellular matrix (ECM). This work demonstrates that two fibrous ECM glycoproteins, fibronectin (FN) and laminin (LAM), elicit distinct morphological and migratory responses from macrophages in two-dimensional environments. LAM 111 inhibits macrophage cell spreading, but drives them to migrate rapidly and less persistently compared with cells on FN. Differential integrin engagement and ROCK/myosin II organization helps explain why macrophages alter their morphology and migration character on these two ECM components. This study also demonstrates that LAM 111 exerts a suppressive effect toward FN, as macrophages plated on a LAM/FN mixture adopt a morphology and migratory character almost identical to LAM alone. This suggests that distinct responses can be initiated downstream of receptor-ECM engagement, and that one component of the microenvironment may affect the cell's ability to sense another. Overall, macrophages appear intrinsically poised to rapidly switch between distinct migratory characters based on their ECM environments. The role of ECM composition in dictating motile and inflammatory responses in three-dimensional and in vivo contexts warrants further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew W. Stinson
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Bethesda, MD 20814
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817
| | - Sophia Liu
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Bethesda, MD 20814
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817
| | - Alexander J. Laurenson
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Bethesda, MD 20814
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817
| | - Jeremy D. Rotty
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Bethesda, MD 20814
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Gonzalez-Martinez N, Gibson MI. Post-thaw application of ROCK-inhibitors increases cryopreserved T-cell yield. RSC Med Chem 2023; 14:2058-2067. [PMID: 37859712 PMCID: PMC10583820 DOI: 10.1039/d3md00378g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging cell-based therapies such as CAR-T (Chimeric Antigen Receptor T) cells require cryopreservation to store and deliver intact and viable cells. Conventional cryopreservation formulations use DMSO to mitigate cold-induced damage, but do not address all the biochemical damage mechanisms induced by cold stress, such as programmed cell death (apoptosis). Rho-associated protein kinases (ROCK) are a key component of apoptosis, and their activation contributes to apoptotic blebbing. Here we demonstrate that the ROCK inhibitor fasudil hydrochloride, when supplemented into the thawing medium of T-cells increases the overall yield of healthy cells. Cell yield was highest using 5 or 10% DMSO cryopreservation solutions, with lower DMSO concentrations (2.5%) leading to significant physical damage to the cells. After optimisation, the post-thaw yield of T-cells increased by approximately 20% using this inhibitor, a significant increase in the context of a therapy. Flow cytometry analysis did not show a significant reduction in the relative percentage of cell populations undergoing apoptosis, but there was a small reduction in the 8 hours following thawing. Fasudil also led to a reduction in reactive oxygen species. Addition of fasudil into the cryopreservation solution, followed by dilution (rather than washing) upon thaw also gave a 20% increase in cell yield, demonstrating how this could be deployed in a cell-therapy context, without needing to change clinical thawing routines. Overall, this shows that modulation of post-thaw biochemical pathways which lead to apoptosis (or other degradative pathways) can be effectively targeted as a strategy to increase T-cell yield and function post-thaw.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew I Gibson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick Gibbet Hill Road Coventry CV4 7AL UK
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick Gibbet Hill Road Coventry CV4 7AL UK
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Buenaventura RGM, Merlino G, Yu Y. Ez-Metastasizing: The Crucial Roles of Ezrin in Metastasis. Cells 2023; 12:1620. [PMID: 37371090 DOI: 10.3390/cells12121620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Ezrin is the cytoskeletal organizer and functions in the modulation of membrane-cytoskeleton interaction, maintenance of cell shape and structure, and regulation of cell-cell adhesion and movement, as well as cell survival. Ezrin plays a critical role in regulating tumor metastasis through interaction with other binding proteins. Notably, Ezrin has been reported to interact with immune cells, allowing tumor cells to escape immune attack in metastasis. Here, we review the main functions of Ezrin, the mechanisms through which it acts, its role in tumor metastasis, and its potential as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rand Gabriel M Buenaventura
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Glenn Merlino
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yanlin Yu
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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5
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Stinson MW, Laurenson AJ, Rotty JD. Macrophage migration is differentially regulated by distinct ECM components. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.27.538597. [PMID: 37162935 PMCID: PMC10168351 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.27.538597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages are indispensable for proper immune surveillance and inflammatory regulation. They also exhibit dramatic phenotypic plasticity and are highly responsive to their local microenvironment, which includes the extracellular matrix (ECM). The present work demonstrates that two fibrous ECM glycoproteins, fibronectin (FN) and laminin (LAM), elicit distinct morphological and migratory responses to macrophages in 2D environments. Laminin 111 inhibits macrophage cell spreading, but drives them to migrate rapidly and less persistently compared to cells on fibronectin. Differential integrin engagement and ROCK/myosin II organization helps explain why macrophages alter their morphology and migration character on these two ECM components. The present study also demonstrates that laminin 111 exerts a suppressive effect toward fibronectin, as macrophages plated on a LAM/FN mixture adopt a morphology and migratory character almost identical to LAM alone. This suggests that distinct responses can be initiated downstream of receptor-ECM engagement, and that one component of the microenvironment may affect the cell's ability to sense another. Overall, macrophages appear intrinsically poised to rapidly switch between distinct migratory modes based on their ECM environments. The role of ECM composition in dictating motile and inflammatory responses in 3D and in vivo contexts warrants further study.
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Li X, Zhang M, Zhou G, Xie Z, Wang Y, Han J, Li L, Wu Q, Zhang S. Role of Rho GTPases in inflammatory bowel disease. Cell Death Dis 2023; 9:24. [PMID: 36690621 PMCID: PMC9871048 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01329-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Rat sarcoma virus homolog (Rho) guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases) function as "molecular switch" in cellular signaling regulation processes and are associated with the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This chronic intestinal tract inflammation primarily encompasses two diseases: Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. The pathogenesis of IBD is complex and considered to include four main factors and their interactions: genetics, intestinal microbiota, immune system, and environment. Recently, several novel pathogenic components have been identified. In addition, potential therapies for IBD targeting Rho GTPases have emerged and proven to be clinically effective. This review mainly focuses on Rho GTPases and their possible mechanisms in IBD pathogenesis. The therapeutic possibility of Rho GTPases is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Li
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDivision of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Mudan Zhang
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDivision of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Gaoshi Zhou
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDivision of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Zhuo Xie
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDivision of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Ying Wang
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDivision of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jing Han
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDivision of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Li Li
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDivision of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Qirui Wu
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDivision of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Shenghong Zhang
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDivision of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
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7
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Truszkowski L, Batur D, Long H, Tarbashevich K, Vos BE, Trappmann B, Raz E. Primordial germ cells adjust their protrusion type while migrating in different tissue contexts in vivo. Development 2023; 150:286614. [PMID: 36515556 PMCID: PMC10110502 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In both physiological processes and disease contexts, migrating cells have the ability to adapt to conditions in their environment. As an in vivo model for this process, we use zebrafish primordial germ cells that migrate throughout the developing embryo. When migrating within an ectodermal environment, the germ cells form fewer and smaller blebs when compared with their behavior within mesodermal environment. We find that cortical tension of neighboring cells is a parameter that affects blebbing frequency. Interestingly, the change in blebbing activity is accompanied by the formation of more actin-rich protrusions. These alterations in cell behavior that correlate with changes in RhoA activity could allow the cells to maintain dynamic motility parameters, such as migration speed and track straightness, in different settings. In addition, we find that the polarity of the cells can be affected by stiff structures positioned in their migration path This article has an associated 'The people behind the papers' interview.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Truszkowski
- Institute of Cell Biology, ZMBE, University of Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Dilek Batur
- Institute of Cell Biology, ZMBE, University of Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Hongyan Long
- Bioactive Materials Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | | | - Bart E Vos
- Third Institute of Physics - Biophysics, Georg August University Göttingen, D-37007 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Britta Trappmann
- Bioactive Materials Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Erez Raz
- Institute of Cell Biology, ZMBE, University of Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, D-48149, Münster, Germany
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8
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Ikenouchi J, Aoki K. A Clockwork Bleb: cytoskeleton, calcium, and cytoplasmic fluidity. FEBS J 2022; 289:7907-7917. [PMID: 34614290 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
When the plasma membrane (PM) detaches from the underlying actin cortex, the PM expands according to intracellular pressure and a spherical membrane protrusion called a bleb is formed. This bleb retracts when the actin cortex is reassembled underneath the PM. Whereas this phenomenon seems simple at first glance, there are many interesting, unresolved cell biological questions in each process. For example, what is the membrane source to enlarge the surface area of the PM during rapid bleb expansion? What signals induce actin reassembly for bleb retraction, and how is cytoplasmic fluidity regulated to allow rapid membrane deformation during bleb expansion? Furthermore, emerging evidence indicates that cancer cells use blebs for invasion, but little is known about how molecules that are involved in bleb formation, expansion, and retraction are coordinated for directional amoeboid migration. In this review, we discuss the molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of blebs, which have been revealed by various experimental systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junichi Ikenouchi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kana Aoki
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Menegatti J, Nakel J, Stepanov YK, Caban KM, Ludwig N, Nord R, Pfitzner T, Yazdani M, Vilimova M, Kehl T, Lenhof HP, Philipp SE, Meese E, Fröhlich T, Grässer FA, Hart M. Changes of Protein Expression after CRISPR/Cas9 Knockout of miRNA-142 in Cell Lines Derived from Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14205031. [PMID: 36291816 PMCID: PMC9600116 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14205031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The gene of the human tumor suppressive microRNA-142 (miR-142) carries mutations in about 20% of cases of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Because microRNAs post-transcriptionally regulate the protein expression of their cognate messenger RNA (mRNAs) targets, we determined the effect of miR-142 knockout on protein expression in two cell lines derived from DLBCL. We found a significant up-regulation of 52 proteins but also a down-regulation of 41 proteins upon miR-142 deletion. Knockout of a miRNA may be used to identify novel targets, and seed-sequence mutants of a miRNA unable to bind to their targets can be used to confirm potential novel targets. With this approach, we identify AKT1S1, CCNB1, LIMA1 and TFRC as novel targets of miR-142. As miR-142 is highly present in the miRNA processing RISC complexes, the deletion of this miRNA might result in its replacement by other miRNAs, thus introducing an additional layer of complexity regarding gene regulation. Abstract Background: As microRNA-142 (miR-142) is the only human microRNA gene where mutations have consistently been found in about 20% of all cases of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), we wanted to determine the impact of miR-142 inactivation on protein expression of DLBCL cell lines. Methods: miR-142 was deleted by CRISPR/Cas9 knockout in cell lines from DLBCL. Results: By proteome analyses, miR-142 knockout resulted in a consistent up-regulation of 52 but also down-regulation of 41 proteins in GC-DLBCL lines BJAB and SUDHL4. Various mitochondrial ribosomal proteins were up-regulated in line with their pro-tumorigenic properties, while proteins necessary for MHC-I presentation were down-regulated in accordance with the finding that miR-142 knockout mice have a defective immune response. CFL2, CLIC4, STAU1, and TWF1 are known targets of miR-142, and we could additionally confirm AKT1S1, CCNB1, LIMA1, and TFRC as new targets of miR-142-3p or -5p. Conclusions: Seed-sequence mutants of miR-142 confirmed potential targets and novel targets of miRNAs can be identified in miRNA knockout cell lines. Due to the complex contribution of miRNAs within cellular regulatory networks, in particular when miRNAs highly present in RISC complexes are replaced by other miRNAs, primary effects on gene expression may be covered by secondary layers of regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Menegatti
- Institute of Virology, Saarland University Medical School, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Jacqueline Nakel
- Institute of Virology, Saarland University Medical School, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Youli K. Stepanov
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Karolina M. Caban
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Nicole Ludwig
- Institute of Human Genetics, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Ruth Nord
- Institute of Virology, Saarland University Medical School, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Pfitzner
- Institute of Virology, Saarland University Medical School, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Maryam Yazdani
- Institute of Virology, Saarland University Medical School, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Monika Vilimova
- Institute of Virology, Saarland University Medical School, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Tim Kehl
- Center for Bioinformatics, Saarland University, 66041 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Lenhof
- Center for Bioinformatics, Saarland University, 66041 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Stephan E. Philipp
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Saarland University Medical School, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Eckart Meese
- Institute of Human Genetics, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Fröhlich
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Friedrich A. Grässer
- Institute of Virology, Saarland University Medical School, 66421 Homburg, Germany
- Correspondence: (F.A.G.); (M.H.)
| | - Martin Hart
- Institute of Human Genetics, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
- Correspondence: (F.A.G.); (M.H.)
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Distel JS, Flores RMO, Bienvenu A, Aguilera MO, Bonazzi M, Berón W. Ezrin and CD44 participate in the internalization process of
Coxiella burnetii
into non‐phagocytic cells. Biol Cell 2022; 114:237-253. [DOI: 10.1111/boc.202100096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jesús S. Distel
- Instituto de Histología y Embriología Facultad de Ciencias Médicas Universidad Nacional de Cuyo ‐ CONICET Mendoza 5500 Argentina
| | - Rodolfo M. Ortiz Flores
- Instituto de Histología y Embriología Facultad de Ciencias Médicas Universidad Nacional de Cuyo ‐ CONICET Mendoza 5500 Argentina
- Cátedra de Microbiología Parasitología e Inmunología Facultad de Odontología Universidad Nacional de Cuyo Mendoza Argentina
| | - Arthur Bienvenu
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM) UMR 9004 CNRS Université de Montpellier Montpellier France
| | - Milton O. Aguilera
- Instituto de Histología y Embriología Facultad de Ciencias Médicas Universidad Nacional de Cuyo ‐ CONICET Mendoza 5500 Argentina
- Cátedra de Microbiología Parasitología e Inmunología Facultad de Odontología Universidad Nacional de Cuyo Mendoza Argentina
| | - Matteo Bonazzi
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM) UMR 9004 CNRS Université de Montpellier Montpellier France
| | - Walter Berón
- Instituto de Histología y Embriología Facultad de Ciencias Médicas Universidad Nacional de Cuyo ‐ CONICET Mendoza 5500 Argentina
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Kanlaya R, Thongboonkerd V. Persistent Escherichia coli infection in renal tubular cells enhances calcium oxalate crystal-cell adhesion by inducing ezrin translocation to apical membranes via Rho/ROCK pathway. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:381. [PMID: 35751006 PMCID: PMC11072855 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04414-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Recent evidence has suggested that recurrent urinary tract infection (UTI) can cause not only infection stones but also metabolic stones (e.g., those containing calcium oxalate monohydrate or COM). However, precise mechanisms underlying UTI-induced metabolic stones remained unknown. In this study, Escherichia coli, the most common bacterium found in recurrent UTI was used to establish the in vitro model for persistent infection of renal epithelial cells. The promoting effects of persistent E. coli infection on kidney stone formation were validated by COM crystal-cell adhesion assay, followed by immunofluorescence study for changes in surface expression of the known COM crystal receptors. Among the five receptors examined, only ezrin had significantly increased level on the surface of persistently infected cells without change in its total level. Such translocation of ezrin to apical membranes was confirmed by Western blotting of apical membrane and cytosolic fractions and confocal microscopic examination. Additionally, persistent infection increased phosphorylation (Thr567) of ezrin. However, all of these changes induced by persistent E. coli infection were significantly inhibited by small-interfering RNA (siRNA) specific for ezrin or a Rho-associated kinase (ROCK)-specific inhibitor (Y-27632). In summary, this study provides a piece of evidence demonstrating that persistent infection by E. coli, one of the non-urease-producing bacteria, may contribute to COM metabolic stone formation by translocation of ezrin to apical membranes, thereby promoting COM crystal-cell adhesion. Such ezrin translocation was mediated via Rho/ROCK signaling pathway. These findings may, at least in part, explain the pathogenic mechanisms underlying recurrent UTI-induced metabolic kidney stone disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rattiyaporn Kanlaya
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 6th Floor - SiMR Building, 2 Wanglang Road, Bangkoknoi, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Visith Thongboonkerd
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 6th Floor - SiMR Building, 2 Wanglang Road, Bangkoknoi, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand.
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12
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Ding N, Li P, Li H, Lei Y, Zhang Z. The ROCK-ezrin signaling pathway mediates LPS-induced cytokine production in pulmonary alveolar epithelial cells. Cell Commun Signal 2022; 20:65. [PMID: 35551614 PMCID: PMC9097379 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-022-00879-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ezrin/radixin/moesin (ERM) proteins are members of the protein 4.1 superfamily and function as linkers that connect the actin cytoskeleton to the plasma membrane of cells. ERM also play critical role in the Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory response. However, the signaling mechanisms involved in this process remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the potential role of the rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase (ROCK) pathway in LPS-induced ezrin phosphorylation and cytokine production in pulmonary alveolar epithelial cells. METHODS Cultured A549 and HPAEpiC cells were treated with LPS. The expression and localization of ezrin in A549 and HPAEpiC cells were then analyzed by western blotting and immunoflurescence. Activation of RhoA/ROCK was assessed by western blotting and RhoA activity assays. The interaction of ezrin with Syk and myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88)/IL-1R-associated kinase 1 (IRAK-1) was investigated by co-immunoprecipitation. The activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) was measured with electrophoretic mobility shift assays and by western blotting. ELISA and western blotting were performed to detect the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and high mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) release into the culture supernatant, and cellular HMGB1 levels. RESULTS LPS induced ezrin phosphorylation in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. The blockade of RhoA/ROCK inhibited LPS-induced ezrin phosphorylation and its translocation from the cytoplasm to the cell membrane. Co-immunoprecipitation assays further revealed that ezrin associated with Syk constitutively, but only associated with MyD88/IRAK-1 upon LPS challenge. Moreover, LPS-induced p38 and nuclear NF-κB activation was found to be ezrin dependent. The suppression of ezrin by siRNA or the blockade of ROCK activation with Y-27632 reduced the production of TNF-α, IL-1β, and HMGB1 in response to LPS. CONCLUSIONS Our findings reveal a novel regulatory mechanism involving ezrin in the LPS-induced production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and highlight the importance of the RhoA/ROCK-ezrin/Syk-MyD88/IRAK1 axis. Data presented in this manuscript provide novel insights into the signaling pathways activated in pulmonary alveolar epithelial cells by LPS. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Ding
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shandong Provincial Third Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250031, Shandong, China.
| | - Pibao Li
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Shandong Provincial Third Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250031, China
| | - Huiqing Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shandong Provincial Third Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250031, Shandong, China
| | - Yunlong Lei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shandong Provincial Third Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250031, Shandong, China
| | - Zengzhen Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shandong Provincial Third Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250031, Shandong, China
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13
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Kawaguchi K, Asano S. Pathophysiological Roles of Actin-Binding Scaffold Protein, Ezrin. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063246. [PMID: 35328667 PMCID: PMC8952289 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ezrin is one of the members of the ezrin/radixin/moesin (ERM) family of proteins. It was originally discovered as an actin-binding protein in the microvilli structure about forty years ago. Since then, it has been revealed as a key protein with functions in a variety of fields including cell migration, survival, and signal transduction, as well as functioning as a structural component. Ezrin acts as a cross-linker of membrane proteins or phospholipids in the plasma membrane and the actin cytoskeleton. It also functions as a platform for signaling molecules at the cell surface. Moreover, ezrin is regarded as an important target protein in cancer diagnosis and therapy because it is a key protein involved in cancer progression and metastasis, and its high expression is linked to poor survival in many cancers. Small molecule inhibitors of ezrin have been developed and investigated as candidate molecules that suppress cancer metastasis. Here, we wish to comprehensively review the roles of ezrin from the pathophysiological points of view.
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14
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Avery L, Robertson TF, Wu CF, Roy NH, Chauvin SD, Perkey E, Vanderbeck A, Maillard I, Burkhardt JK. A Murine Model of X-Linked Moesin-Associated Immunodeficiency (X-MAID) Reveals Defects in T Cell Homeostasis and Migration. Front Immunol 2022; 12:726406. [PMID: 35069520 PMCID: PMC8770857 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.726406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
X-linked moesin associated immunodeficiency (X-MAID) is a primary immunodeficiency disease in which patients suffer from profound lymphopenia leading to recurrent infections. The disease is caused by a single point mutation leading to a R171W amino acid change in the protein moesin (moesinR171W). Moesin is a member of the ERM family of proteins, which reversibly link the cortical actin cytoskeleton to the plasma membrane. Here, we describe a novel mouse model with global expression of moesinR171W that recapitulates multiple facets of patient disease, including severe lymphopenia. Further analysis reveals that these mice have diminished numbers of thymocytes and bone marrow precursors. X-MAID mice also exhibit systemic inflammation that is ameliorated by elimination of mature lymphocytes through breeding to a Rag1-deficient background. The few T cells in the periphery of X-MAID mice are highly activated and have mostly lost moesinR171W expression. In contrast, single-positive (SP) thymocytes do not appear activated and retain high expression levels of moesinR171W. Analysis of ex vivo CD4 SP thymocytes reveals defects in chemotactic responses and reduced migration on integrin ligands. While chemokine signaling appears intact, CD4 SP thymocytes from X-MAID mice are unable to polarize and rearrange cytoskeletal elements. This mouse model will be a valuable tool for teasing apart the complexity of the immunodeficiency caused by moesinR171W, and will provide new insights into how the actin cortex regulates lymphocyte function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyndsay Avery
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Tanner F. Robertson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Christine F. Wu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Nathan H. Roy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Samuel D. Chauvin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Eric Perkey
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology and Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Ashley Vanderbeck
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine and Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ivan Maillard
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine and Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Janis K. Burkhardt
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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15
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Ge W, Goga A, He Y, Silva PN, Hirt CK, Herrmanns K, Guccini I, Godbersen S, Schwank G, Stoffel M. miR-802 Suppresses Acinar-to-Ductal Reprogramming During Early Pancreatitis and Pancreatic Carcinogenesis. Gastroenterology 2022; 162:269-284. [PMID: 34547282 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2021.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly aggressive tumor that is almost uniformly lethal in humans. Activating mutations of KRAS are found in >90% of human PDACs and are sufficient to promote acinar-to-ductal metaplasia (ADM) during tumor initiation. The roles of miRNAs in oncogenic Kras-induced ADM are incompletely understood. METHODS The Ptf1aCre/+LSL-KrasG12D/+ and Ptf1aCre/+LSL-KrasG12D/+LSL-p53R172H/+ and caerulein-induced acute pancreatitis mice models were used. mir-802 was conditionally ablated in acinar cells to study the function of miR-802 in ADM. RESULTS We show that miR-802 is a highly abundant and acinar-enriched pancreatic miRNA that is silenced during early stages of injury or oncogenic KrasG12D-induced transformation. Genetic ablation of mir-802 cooperates with KrasG12D by promoting ADM formation. miR-802 deficiency results in de-repression of the miR-802 targets Arhgef12, RhoA, and Sdc4, activation of RhoA, and induction of the downstream RhoA effectors ROCK1, LIMK1, COFILIN1, and EZRIN, thereby increasing F-actin rearrangement. mir-802 ablation also activates SOX9, resulting in augmented levels of ductal and attenuated expression of acinar identity genes. Consistently with these findings, we show that this miR-802-RhoA-F-actin network is activated in biopsies of pancreatic cancer patients and correlates with poor survival. CONCLUSIONS We show miR-802 suppresses pancreatic cancer initiation by repressing oncogenic Kras-induced ADM. The role of miR-802 in ADM fills the gap in our understanding of oncogenic Kras-induced F-actin reorganization, acinar reprogramming, and PDAC initiation. Modulation of the miR-802-RhoA-F-actin network may be a new strategy to interfere with pancreatic carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Ge
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Algera Goga
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Yuliang He
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Pamuditha N Silva
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Karolin Herrmanns
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ilaria Guccini
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Svenja Godbersen
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Gerald Schwank
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Markus Stoffel
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland; Medical Faculty, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
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16
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Chen H, Yu J, Hang L, Li S, Lu W, Xu Z. Evidence of the Involvement of Spinal EZH2 in the Development of Bone Cancer Pain in Rats. J Pain Res 2021; 14:3593-3600. [PMID: 34849017 PMCID: PMC8627314 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s331114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Bone cancer pain (BCP) seriously affects the quality of life of patients with advanced cancer, but effective treatment methods are lacking. This study mainly investigates the role of EZH2 in a well-established BCP model induced by Walker 256 breast cancer cells in rats. Methods Female Sprague–Dawley rats of the same age weighing approximately 160 g were selected for the experiment. The BCP model was established by injecting inactivated Walker 256 breast cancer cells into the tibia. von Frey filaments were used to measure the paw withdrawal threshold, and bone destruction in the rat was observed using x-ray. The spinal EZH2 and H3K27Tm levels were measured using Western blotting and RT–qPCR analysis. Intrathecal injection of an EZH2 inhibitor was performed to examine the role of EZH2 in trigeminal BCP. Results Experimental results showed that injecting Walker 256 breast cancer cells into the tibia induced bone cancer pain. Spinal EZH2 and H3K27Tm levels were significantly increased over time in BCP rats. An intrathecal injection of 3-deazaneplanocin A (DZNep), a selective EZH2 inhibitor, downregulated the expression of EZH2 and attenuate the BCP-induced mechanical allodynia state. Conclusion Intrathecal injection of DZNep relieve bone cancer pain in rats. EZH2 expressed in spinal cord tissue may be involved in the process of bone cancer pain in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoming Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kunshan First People's Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Kunshan, Jiangsu, 215300, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianmang Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kunshan First People's Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Kunshan, Jiangsu, 215300, People's Republic of China
| | - Lihua Hang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kunshan First People's Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Kunshan, Jiangsu, 215300, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kunshan First People's Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Kunshan, Jiangsu, 215300, People's Republic of China
| | - Weikang Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kunshan First People's Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Kunshan, Jiangsu, 215300, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenkai Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kunshan First People's Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Kunshan, Jiangsu, 215300, People's Republic of China
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17
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Li S, Luo Z, Meng S, Qiu X, Zheng F, Dai W, Zhang X, Sui W, Yan Q, Tang D, Dai Y. Label-free quantitative proteomic and phosphoproteomic analyses of renal biopsy tissues in membranous nephropathy. Proteomics Clin Appl 2021; 16:e2000069. [PMID: 34543527 DOI: 10.1002/prca.202000069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Membranous nephropathy (MN) is a common cause of nephrotic syndrome in adults. However, the underlying mechanisms of its occurrence and development are not completely clear. Thus, it is essential to explore the mechanisms. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Here, we employed label-free quantification and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis techniques to investigate the proteomic and phosphoproteomic alterations in renal biopsy tissues of MN patients. Samples were collected from 16 MN patients and 10 controls. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed to validate the hub phosphoprotein. RESULTS We focused on the changes in the phosphoproteome in MN group versus control group (CG). Totally, 1704 phosphoproteins containing 3241 phosphosites were identified and quantified. The phosphorylation levels of 216 phosphoproteins containing 297 phosphosites were differentially regulated in stage II MN group versus CG, and 333 phosphoproteins containing 461 phosphosites were differentially phosphorylated in stage III MN group versus CG. In each comparison, several differential phosphoproteins were factors, kinases and receptors involved in cellular processes, biological regulation and other biological processes. The subcellular location of most of the differential phosphoproteins was the nucleus. Protein-protein interaction analysis showed that the connections among the differential phosphoproteins were extremely complex, and several signalling pathways probably associated with MN were identified. The hub phosphoprotein was validated by IHC. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE This investigation can provide direct insight into the global phosphorylation events in MN group versus CG and may help to shed light on the potential pathogenic mechanisms of MN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Li
- Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhifeng Luo
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Research, Department of Nephrology, The No. 924 Hospital of the Joint Logistic Support Force of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Guilin, China
| | - Shuhui Meng
- Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaofen Qiu
- Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Research, Department of Nephrology, The No. 924 Hospital of the Joint Logistic Support Force of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Guilin, China
| | - Fengping Zheng
- Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Weier Dai
- College of Natural Science, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Xinzhou Zhang
- Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Weiguo Sui
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Research, Department of Nephrology, The No. 924 Hospital of the Joint Logistic Support Force of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Guilin, China
| | - Qiang Yan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Research, Department of Nephrology, The No. 924 Hospital of the Joint Logistic Support Force of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Guilin, China
| | - Donge Tang
- Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yong Dai
- Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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ARHGEF10L Promotes Cervical Tumorigenesis via RhoA-Mediated Signaling. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:6683264. [PMID: 33833821 PMCID: PMC8012150 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6683264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 10-like protein (ARHGEF10L) is a member of the guanine nucleotide exchange factor family, which regulates Rho GTPase activities, thus contributing to tumorigenesis. Our previous study demonstrated a strong association between the ARHGEF10L gene and the risk of cervical carcinoma. This study investigated the pathogenic role and mechanism of ARHGEF10L in cervical tumors. Methods The HeLa cell line, which was derived from cervical carcinoma, was transfected with ARHGEF10L-overexpressing plasmids or anti-ARHGEF10L siRNA. Cell counting kit-8 assays, wound-healing assays, and cell apoptosis assays were performed to investigate the effects of ARHGEF10L on cell activities. A Rho pull-down assay and RNA-sequencing analysis were performed to investigate the pathogenic pathway of ARHGEF10L involvement in cervical tumors. Results ARHGEF10L overexpression promoted cell proliferation and migration, reduced cell apoptosis, and induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) via downregulation of E-cadherin and upregulation of N-cadherin and Slug in transfected HeLa cells. The overexpression of ARHGEF10L also upregulated GTP-RhoA, ROCK1, and phospho-ezrin/radixin/moesin (ERM) expression in HeLa cells. RNA-sequencing analysis detected altered transcription of 31 genes in HeLa cells with ARHGEF10L overexpression. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and gene ontology (GO) pathway analyses identified significant differences in cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity, cell responses to vitamin A, and Toll-like receptor signaling pathways. Both real-time PCR and Western blotting verified the increased expression of heat shock 70 kDa protein 6 (HSPA6) in ARHGEF10L-overexpressing HeLa cells. Since we reported that ARHGEF10L played a role through RhoA-ROCK1-ERM signaling, an important pathway in tumorigenesis, and stimulated EMT and HSPA6 expression in liver tumors and gastric tumor cells, we suggest that ARHGEF10L is a novel oncogene in many tumors.
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19
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Luo T, Ou JN, Cao LF, Peng XQ, Li YM, Tian YQ. The Autism-Related lncRNA MSNP1AS Regulates Moesin Protein to Influence the RhoA, Rac1, and PI3K/Akt Pathways and Regulate the Structure and Survival of Neurons. Autism Res 2020; 13:2073-2082. [PMID: 33215882 DOI: 10.1002/aur.2413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex disease involving multiple genes and multiple sites, and it is closely related to environmental factors. It has been gradually revealed that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) may regulate the pathogenesis of ASD at the epigenetic level. In neuronal cells, the lncRNA moesin pseudogene 1 antisense (MSNP1AS) forms a double-stranded RNA with moesin (MSN) to suppress moesin protein expression. MSNP1AS overexpression can activate the RhoA pathway and inhibit the Rac1 and PI3K/Akt pathways; however, the regulation of Rac1 by MSNP1AS is not associated with MSN, and the effect on the RhoA pathway may also be associated with other factors. MSNP1AS can decrease the number and length of neurites, inhibit neuronal cell viability and migration, and promote apoptosis. Downregulation of MSN expression functions similarly to MSNP1AS, and its overexpression can block the above functions of MSNP1AS. In addition, in vivo experiments show that MSN improves social interactions and reduces repetitive behaviors in BTBR mice, decreases the activity of RhoA and restores the activity of PI3K/Akt pathway. Therefore, the abnormal expression of MSNP1AS in ASD patients might influence the structure and survival of neuronal cells through the regulation of moesin protein expression to facilitate the development and progression of ASD. These findings provide new evidence for studying the mechanisms of lncRNAs in ASD. LAY SUMMARY: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a common neurodevelopmental disease and its neurodevelopmental mechanisms have not been elucidated. More and more studies have found that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) can regulate the development of central nervous system in many ways and affect the pathogenic process of ASD. Moesin pseudogene 1 antisense (MSNP1AS) is an up-regulated lncRNA in ASD patients. In-depth functional experiments showed that MSNP1AS inhibited moesin protein expression and regulated the activation of multiple signaling pathways, thus decreasing the number and length of neurites, inhibiting neuronal cell viability and migration, and promoting apoptosis. Therefore, MSNP1AS is an important lncRNA related to ASD and can regulate the biological function of neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Luo
- XiangYa School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Clinical Nursing Teaching and Research Section, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jin-Nan Ou
- Clinical Nursing Teaching and Research Section, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Li-Fang Cao
- Clinical Nursing Teaching and Research Section, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Peng
- Medical Administration Department, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ya-Min Li
- Clinical Nursing Teaching and Research Section, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yong-Quan Tian
- XiangYa School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
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20
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de Sousa GR, Vieira GM, das Chagas PF, Pezuk JA, Brassesco MS. Should we keep rocking? Portraits from targeting Rho kinases in cancer. Pharmacol Res 2020; 160:105093. [PMID: 32726671 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer targeted therapy, either alone or in combination with conventional chemotherapy, could allow the survival of patients with neoplasms currently considered incurable. In recent years, the dysregulation of the Rho-associated coiled-coil kinases (ROCK1 and ROCK2) has been associated with increased metastasis and poorer patient survival in several tumor types, and due to their essential roles in regulating the cytoskeleton, have gained popularity and progressively been researched as targets for the development of novel anti-cancer drugs. Nevertheless, in a pediatric scenario, the influence of both isoforms on prognosis remains a controversial issue. In this review, we summarize the functions of ROCKs, compile their roles in human cancer and their value as prognostic factors in both, adult and pediatric cancer. Moreover, we provide the up-to-date advances on their pharmacological inhibition in pre-clinical models and clinical trials. Alternatively, we highlight and discuss detrimental effects of ROCK inhibition provoked not only by the action on off-targets, but most importantly, by pro-survival effects on cancer stem cells, dormant cells, and circulating tumor cells, along with cell-context or microenvironment-dependent contradictory responses. Together these drawbacks represent a risk for cancer cell dissemination and metastasis after anti-ROCK intervention, a caveat that should concern scientists and clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - María Sol Brassesco
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters at Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil.
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21
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Bagci H, Sriskandarajah N, Robert A, Boulais J, Elkholi IE, Tran V, Lin ZY, Thibault MP, Dubé N, Faubert D, Hipfner DR, Gingras AC, Côté JF. Mapping the proximity interaction network of the Rho-family GTPases reveals signalling pathways and regulatory mechanisms. Nat Cell Biol 2019; 22:120-134. [DOI: 10.1038/s41556-019-0438-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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22
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Hamao K, Ono T, Matsushita M, Hosoya H. ZIP kinase phosphorylated and activated by Rho kinase/ROCK contributes to cytokinesis in mammalian cultured cells. Exp Cell Res 2019; 386:111707. [PMID: 31693874 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.111707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cytokinesis of animal cells requires contraction of a contractile ring, composed of actin filaments and myosin II filaments. Phosphorylation of myosin II regulatory light chain (MRLC) promotes contraction of the actomyosin ring by activating myosin II motor activity. Both Rho-associated coiled-coil kinase (Rho kinase/ROCK) and Zipper-interacting protein kinase (ZIP kinase/ZIPK) have been reported to phosphorylate MRLC at the contractile ring. However, it remains unclear whether these kinases function independently of each other. Here, we clarified that ROCK colocalizes and forms a complex with ZIPK at telophase. As ROCK is reported to phosphorylate and activate ZIPK in vitro, we hypothesized that ZIPK phosphorylated by ROCK contributes to control cytokinesis. To address this, we expressed EGFP-ZIPK wild type (WT), a non-phosphorylatable mutant (T265A) or a phosphorylation-mimicking mutant (T265D) in HeLa cells and treated these cells with a ROCK inhibitor. Decrease in phosphorylated MRLC and a delay of furrow ingression by the ROCK inhibitor were rescued by the expression of EGFP-ZIPK-T265D, but not EGFP-ZIPK-WT or -T265A. This suggests that ROCK regulates MRLC phosphorylation followed by furrow ingression, through ZIPK phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kozue Hamao
- Program of Basic Biology, Graduate School of Integrated Science for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan; Program of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Integrated Science for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan; Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Hiratsuka, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan.
| | - Taichiro Ono
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Hiratsuka, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Masaya Matsushita
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Hiratsuka, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hosoya
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Hiratsuka, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
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23
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Diaz A, Merino P, Manrique LG, Cheng L, Yepes M. Urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) protects the tripartite synapse in the ischemic brain via ezrin-mediated formation of peripheral astrocytic processes. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2019; 39:2157-2171. [PMID: 29890880 PMCID: PMC6827113 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x18783653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia has a harmful effect on the synapse associated with neurological impairment. The "tripartite synapse" is assembled by the pre- and postsynaptic terminals, embraced by astrocytic elongations known as peripheral astrocytic processes (PAPs). Ischemic stroke induces the detachment of PAPs from the synapse, leading to synaptic dysfunction and neuronal death. Ezrin is a membrane-associated protein, required for the formation of PAPs, that links the cell surface to the actin cytoskeleton. Urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) is a serine proteinase that upon binding to its receptor (uPAR) promotes neurite growth during development. In the adult brain, neurons release uPA and astrocytes recruit uPAR to the plasma membrane during the recovery phase from an ischemic stroke, and uPA/uPAR binding promotes functional improvement following an ischemic injury. We found that uPA induces the synthesis of ezrin in astrocytes, with the subsequent formation of PAPs that enter in direct contact with the synapse. Furthermore, either the release of neuronal uPA or intravenous treatment with recombinant uPA (ruPA) induces the formation of PAPs in the ischemic brain, and the interaction of these PAPs with the pre- and postsynaptic terminals protects the integrity of the "tripartite synapse" from the harmful effects of the ischemic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Diaz
- Division of Neuropharmacology and Neurologic Diseases, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Neurology & Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Paola Merino
- Division of Neuropharmacology and Neurologic Diseases, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Neurology & Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Luis G Manrique
- Division of Neuropharmacology and Neurologic Diseases, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Neurology & Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lihong Cheng
- Division of Neuropharmacology and Neurologic Diseases, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Neurology & Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Manuel Yepes
- Division of Neuropharmacology and Neurologic Diseases, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Neurology & Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Neurology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center; Atlanta, GA, USA
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24
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Huang R, Jin X, Gao Y, Yuan H, Wang F, Cao X. DZNep inhibits Hif-1α and Wnt signalling molecules to attenuate the proliferation and invasion of BGC-823 gastric cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:4308-4316. [PMID: 31579098 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
3-deazaneplanocin A (DZNep) is a histone methyltransferase inhibitor, which may cause the reactivation of silenced tumor suppressor genes in tumors to inhibit the development, metastasis and dissemination of tumor cells. However, the effects and mechanisms of its application in gastric cancer remain unclear. The present study revealed an inhibitory function of DZNep in BGC-823 cells. The cell colony, Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8), wound healing, Transwell and flow cytometry assays were performed, and the results demonstrated that DZNep could inhibit the proliferation, apoptosis and invasion of BGC-823 cells, and promote their apoptosis. The effects of intervention in BDC-823 cells with DZNep on the RNA and protein expression levels of hypoxia-inducible factor (Hif-1α) and Wnt/β-catenin signalling molecules were further examined using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blot analysis. The results demonstrated that different concentrations of DZNep could inhibit the expression of enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) protein, decrease the RNA and protein expression levels of Hif-1α, total β-catenin and phosphorylated-β-catenin and increase the expression levels of non-phosphorylated-β-catenin to different degrees. The results of the present study suggests that DZNep inhibits BGC-823 gastric cancer cells via the inhibition of EZH2, Hif-1α and Wnt/β-catenin signalling molecules. These results provide theoretical basis for the application of DZNep in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Xiu Jin
- Department of Pathology, Basic Medical School, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China.,Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272029, P.R. China
| | - Yongying Gao
- Department of Neurology, Ningxia People's Hospital, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, P.R. China
| | - Hongmei Yuan
- Department of Ultrasound, Ningxia People's Hospital, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, P.R. China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Pathology, Basic Medical School, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Xiangmei Cao
- Department of Pathology, Basic Medical School, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
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25
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Guo CY, Xiong TQ, Tan BH, Gui Y, Ye N, Li SL, Li YC. The temporal and spatial changes of actin cytoskeleton in the hippocampal CA1 neurons following transient global ischemia. Brain Res 2019; 1720:146297. [PMID: 31233713 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Transient global ischemia usually results in delayed neuronal death in selective brain regions, prior to which a rapid loss of dendritic spines has been widely reported in these regions. Dendritic spines are characterized by a highly branched meshwork of actin cytoskeleton (F-actin), which is extremely vulnerable to the ATP-depleted conditions such as hypoxia/ischemia. However, the ischemia-induced changes of F-actin are still not clarified in the vulnerable brain areas. This study was designed to examine the temporal and spatial alterations of F-actin in the CA1 subfield of rat hippocampus following reperfusion after global cerebral ischemia. Phalloidin staining and confocal microscopic examination showed that F-actin disappeared from the dentritic spines in the CA1 stratum radiatum, but aggregated into thread- or fiber-like structures on days 1.5-2 after ischemia. This was followed by a nearly complete loss of F-actin in the CA1 subfield on days 3-7 after ischemia. Colocalization analysis demonstrated that the F-actin threads or fibers were located mainly within the dentritic trunks. As revealed by Nissl and Fluoro-Jade B staining, the decrease of F-actin proceeded concurrently with the evolution of ischemic damage. Consistently, western blots detected a significant decrease of F-/G-actin ratio in the dissected CA1 subfield after ischemia. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the change of F-actin in the ischemic brain. Although the underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated, our findings may provide an important structural clue for the neuronal dysfunction induced by ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yan Guo
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Norman Bethune Health Science Center of Jilin University, Jilin Province 130021, PR China
| | - Tian-Qing Xiong
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Norman Bethune Health Science Center of Jilin University, Jilin Province 130021, PR China
| | - Bai-Hong Tan
- Laboratory Teaching Center of Basic Medicine, Norman Bethune Health Science Center of Jilin University, Jilin Province 130021, PR China
| | - Yue Gui
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Norman Bethune Health Science Center of Jilin University, Jilin Province 130021, PR China
| | - Ning Ye
- Department of Geriatrics and General Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, PR China
| | - Shu-Lei Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Norman Bethune Health Science Center of Jilin University, Jilin Province 130021, PR China
| | - Yan-Chao Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Norman Bethune Health Science Center of Jilin University, Jilin Province 130021, PR China.
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26
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Michie KA, Bermeister A, Robertson NO, Goodchild SC, Curmi PMG. Two Sides of the Coin: Ezrin/Radixin/Moesin and Merlin Control Membrane Structure and Contact Inhibition. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20081996. [PMID: 31018575 PMCID: PMC6515277 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20081996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The merlin-ERM (ezrin, radixin, moesin) family of proteins plays a central role in linking the cellular membranes to the cortical actin cytoskeleton. Merlin regulates contact inhibition and is an integral part of cell–cell junctions, while ERM proteins, ezrin, radixin and moesin, assist in the formation and maintenance of specialized plasma membrane structures and membrane vesicle structures. These two protein families share a common evolutionary history, having arisen and separated via gene duplication near the origin of metazoa. During approximately 0.5 billion years of evolution, the merlin and ERM family proteins have maintained both sequence and structural conservation to an extraordinary level. Comparing crystal structures of merlin-ERM proteins and their complexes, a picture emerges of the merlin-ERM proteins acting as switchable interaction hubs, assembling protein complexes on cellular membranes and linking them to the actin cytoskeleton. Given the high level of structural conservation between the merlin and ERM family proteins we speculate that they may function together.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine A Michie
- School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia.
| | - Adam Bermeister
- School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia.
| | - Neil O Robertson
- School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia.
| | - Sophia C Goodchild
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney 2109, Australia.
| | - Paul M G Curmi
- School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia.
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27
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Tan P, Ye Y, He L, Xie J, Jing J, Ma G, Pan H, Han L, Han W, Zhou Y. TRIM59 promotes breast cancer motility by suppressing p62-selective autophagic degradation of PDCD10. PLoS Biol 2018; 16:e3000051. [PMID: 30408026 PMCID: PMC6245796 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells adopt various modes of migration during metastasis. How the ubiquitination machinery contributes to cancer cell motility remains underexplored. Here, we report that tripartite motif (TRIM) 59 is frequently up-regulated in metastatic breast cancer, which is correlated with advanced clinical stages and reduced survival among breast cancer patients. TRIM59 knockdown (KD) promoted apoptosis and inhibited tumor growth, while TRIM59 overexpression led to the opposite effects. Importantly, we uncovered TRIM59 as a key regulator of cell contractility and adhesion to control the plasticity of metastatic tumor cells. At the molecular level, we identified programmed cell death protein 10 (PDCD10) as a target of TRIM59. TRIM59 stabilized PDCD10 by suppressing RING finger and transmembrane domain-containing protein 1 (RNFT1)-induced lysine 63 (K63) ubiquitination and subsequent phosphotyrosine-independent ligand for the Lck SH2 domain of 62 kDa (p62)-selective autophagic degradation. TRIM59 promoted PDCD10-mediated suppression of Ras homolog family member A (RhoA)-Rho-associated coiled-coil kinase (ROCK) 1 signaling to control the transition between amoeboid and mesenchymal invasiveness. PDCD10 overexpression or administration of a ROCK inhibitor reversed TRIM59 loss-induced contractile phenotypes, thereby accelerating cell migration, invasion, and tumor formation. These findings establish the rationale for targeting deregulated TRIM59/PDCD10 to treat breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Tan
- Department of Medical Oncology and Biomedical Research Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Youqiong Ye
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Lian He
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jiansheng Xie
- Department of Medical Oncology and Biomedical Research Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ji Jing
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Guolin Ma
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Hongming Pan
- Department of Medical Oncology and Biomedical Research Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Leng Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Weidong Han
- Department of Medical Oncology and Biomedical Research Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yubin Zhou
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Temple, Texas, United States of America
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28
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Liu BS, Dai XY, Xia HW, Xu HJ, Tang QL, Gong QY, Nie YZ, Bi F. Geranylgeranyl transferase 1 inhibitor GGTI‑298 enhances the anticancer effect of gefitinib. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:4023-4029. [PMID: 30106149 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling is responsible for the resistance to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), such as gefitinib and erlotinib, and is thereby associated with the progression of tumors in non‑small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs). Immunoblotting results revealed that geranylgeranyl transferase 1 inhibitor (GGTI)‑298, a geranylgeranyl transferase 1 inhibitor with potential antitumor effects, effectively inhibited the phosphorylation of EGFR and its downstream target protein kinase B (AKT). A combination of gefitinib and GGTI‑298 amplified the inhibition of the EGFR‑AKT signaling pathway. In addition, GGTI‑298 treatment produced a synergistic effect on the inhibition of proliferation as indicated by the combination index values of <1 when combined with gefitinib in the NSCLC cell lines HCC827 and A549. These synergistic effects were also observed to induce apoptosis and migration inhibition. Further mechanistic studies demonstrated that GGTI‑298 inhibited the activity of Ras homolog family member A (RhoA), and downregulation of RhoA with small interfering RNA impaired the phosphorylation of EGFR, which suggested that EGFR inhibition by GGTI‑298 may be exerted mainly through RhoA mediation. These results presented a novel, promising therapeutic strategy involving a combination of two drugs for targeting EGFR signaling in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bi-Sheng Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Yu Dai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Wei Xia
- Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Therapy in Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Huan-Ji Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Qiu-Lin Tang
- Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Therapy in Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Qi-Yong Gong
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Zhan Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digest Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Feng Bi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
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29
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Abstract
Overexpression of enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) protein has been found in several malignant tumor tissues and is closely related to the degree of tumor differentiation, clinical stage, tumor size, and prognosis. The latest research shows that overexpression of EZH2 is related not only with immunoregulation but also with the replication of hepatitis B virus, the occurrence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and the progress of liver fibrosis, which may become an important subject in the field of liver disease research. This paper reviews the role of EZH2 in some liver diseases and its potential application in treatment of these diseases in recent ten years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhu
- Department of Hepatology, the Fifth People's Hospital of Suzhou, Suzhou 215007, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Hepatology, the Fifth People's Hospital of Suzhou, Suzhou 215007, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chuan-Wu Zhu
- Department of Hepatology, the Fifth People's Hospital of Suzhou, Suzhou 215007, Jiangsu Province, China
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30
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Park J, Jang JH, Oh S, Kim M, Shin C, Jeong M, Heo K, Park JB, Kim SR, Oh YS. LPA-induced migration of ovarian cancer cells requires activation of ERM proteins via LPA 1 and LPA 2. Cell Signal 2018; 44:138-147. [PMID: 29329782 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) has been implicated in the pathology of human ovarian cancer. This phospholipid elicits a wide range of cancer cell responses, such as proliferation, trans-differentiation, migration, and invasion, via various G-protein-coupled LPA receptors (LPARs). Here, we explored the cellular signaling pathway via which LPA induces migration of ovarian cancer cells. LPA induced robust phosphorylation of ezrin/radixin/moesin (ERM) proteins, which are membrane-cytoskeleton linkers, in the ovarian cancer cell line OVCAR-3. Among the LPAR subtypes expressed in these cells, LPA1 and LPA2, but not LPA3, induced phosphorylation of ERM proteins at their C-termini. This phosphorylation was dependent on the Gα12/13/RhoA pathway, but not on the Gαq/Ca2+/PKC or Gαs/adenylate cyclase/PKA pathway. The activated ERM proteins mediated cytoskeletal reorganization and formation of membrane protrusions in OVCAR-3 cells. Importantly, LPA-induced migration of OVCAR-3 cells was completely abolished not only by gene silencing of LPA1 or LPA2, but also by overexpression of a dominant negative ezrin mutant (ezrin-T567A). Taken together, this study demonstrates that the LPA1/LPA2/ERM pathway mediates LPA-induced migration of ovarian cancer cells. These findings may provide a potential therapeutic target to prevent metastatic progression of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongrak Park
- Department of Brain-Cognitive Sciences, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Hyeonpung-myeon, Dalseong-gun, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Hyeok Jang
- Department of Brain-Cognitive Sciences, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Hyeonpung-myeon, Dalseong-gun, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Seojin Oh
- Department of Brain-Cognitive Sciences, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Hyeonpung-myeon, Dalseong-gun, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Minhye Kim
- Department of Brain-Cognitive Sciences, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Hyeonpung-myeon, Dalseong-gun, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Changhoon Shin
- Department of Brain-Cognitive Sciences, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Hyeonpung-myeon, Dalseong-gun, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Minseok Jeong
- Department of Brain-Cognitive Sciences, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Hyeonpung-myeon, Dalseong-gun, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyun Heo
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Bae Park
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea; Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Ryong Kim
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Institute of Life Science & Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Seok Oh
- Department of Brain-Cognitive Sciences, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Hyeonpung-myeon, Dalseong-gun, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
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31
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Daubriac J, Han S, Grahovac J, Smith E, Hosein A, Buchanan M, Basik M, Boucher Y. The crosstalk between breast carcinoma-associated fibroblasts and cancer cells promotes RhoA-dependent invasion via IGF-1 and PAI-1. Oncotarget 2017. [PMID: 29535813 PMCID: PMC5828213 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) can remodel the extracellular matrix to promote cancer cell invasion, but the paracrine signaling between CAFs and cancer cells that regulates tumor cell migration remains to be identified. To determine how the interaction between CAFs and cancer cells modulates the invasiveness of cancer cells, we developed a 3-dimensional co-culture model composed of breast cancer (BC) MDA-MB-231 cell spheroids embedded in a collagen gel with and without CAFs. We found that the crosstalk between CAFs and cancer cells promotes invasion by stimulating the scattering of MDA-MB-231 cells, which was dependent on RhoA/ROCK/phospho MLC signaling in cancer cells but independent of RhoA in CAFs. The activation of RhoA/ROCK in cancer cells activates MLC and increases migration, while the genetic-down-regulation of RhoA and pharmacological inhibition of ROCK reduced cell scattering and invasion. Two distinct mechanisms induced the activation of the RhoA/ROCK pathway in MDA-MB-231 cells, the secretion of IGF-1 by CAFs and the upregulation of PAI-1 in cancer cells. In an orthotopic model of BC, IGF-1R inhibition decreased the incidence of lung metastasis, while Y27632-inhibition of ROCK enhanced the lung metastasis burden, which was associated with an increased recruitment of CAFs and expression of PAI-1. Thus the crosstalk between CAFs and BC cells increases the secretion of IGF-1 in CAFs and PAI-1 activity in cancer cells. Both IGF1 and PAI-1 activate RhoA/ROCK signaling in cancer cells, which increases cell scattering and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Daubriac
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratory for Tumor Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shiwei Han
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratory for Tumor Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jelena Grahovac
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratory for Tumor Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Eve Smith
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratory for Tumor Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Abdel Hosein
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Marguerite Buchanan
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Mark Basik
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Yves Boucher
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratory for Tumor Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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32
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Han MS, Lee YM, Kim SW, Kim KM, Lee T, Lee W, Kwon OK, Lee S, Bae JS. Role of moesin in HMGB1-stimulated severe inflammatory responses. Thromb Haemost 2017; 114:350-63. [DOI: 10.1160/th14-11-0969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
SummarySepsis is a life-threatening condition that arises when the body’s response to infection causes systemic inflammation. High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), as a late mediator of sepsis, enhances hyper-permeability, and it is therefore a therapeutic target. Despite extensive research into the underlying mechanisms of sepsis, the target molecules controlling vascular leakage remain largely unknown. Moesin is a cytoskeletal protein involved in cytoskeletal changes and para-cellular gap formation. The objectives of this study were to determine the roles of moesin in HMGB1-mediated vascular hyperpermeability and inflammatory responses and to investigate the mechanisms of action underlying these responses. Using siRNA knockdown of moesin expression in primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), moesin was found to be required in HMGB1-induced F-actin rearrangement, hyperpermeability, and inflammatory responses. The mechanisms involved in moesin phosphorylation were analysed by blocking the binding of the HMGB1 receptor (RAGE) and inhibiting the Rho and MAPK pathways. HMGB1-treated HUVECs exhibited an increase in Thr558 phosphorylation of moesin. Circulating levels of moesin were measured in patients admitted to the intensive care unit with sepsis, severe sepsis, and septic shock; these patients showed significantly higher levels of moesin than healthy controls, which was strongly correlated with disease severity. High blood moesin levels were also observed in cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis in mice. Administration of blocking moesin antibodies attenuated CLP-induced septic death. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that the HMGB1-RAGE-moesin axis can elicit severe inflammatory responses, suggesting it to be a potential target for the development of diagnostics and therapeutics for sepsis.
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33
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Liu K, Li X, Wang J, Wang Y, Dong H, Li J. Genetic variants in RhoA and ROCK1 genes are associated with the development, progression and prognosis of prostate cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:19298-19309. [PMID: 28184030 PMCID: PMC5386685 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The contribution of genetic variants in RhoA and ROCK1 genes towards prostate cancer risk has not been reported before. We genotyped six potentially functional genetic variants in a case-control study of 1699 subjects. Overall, we found rs2410 mutant allele and rs2269736 wild allele were risk factors for prostate cancer. Individuals carrying more than two risk alleles were exposed to hazard of prostate cancer. In addition, we demonstrated that the risk of biochemical recurrence might be linked with clinico-pathological characteristics and also genetic factors. Unfortunately, no associations were observed between all polymorphisms and clinico-pathological characteristics. Moreover, no genotype was found as significant independent prognostic predictor for biochemical recurrence survival in Multivariate Cox regression analysis after Bonferroni correction. Our study is the first to clarify the relations of genetic variants of RhoA and ROCK1 genes with development, progression and prognosis of prostate cancer. These variants may be promising novel biomarkers to facilitate clinical treatment decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Jiangsu Province of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yichun Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huiyu Dong
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Bassiri K, Ferluga S, Sharma V, Syed N, Adams CL, Lasonder E, Hanemann CO. Global Proteome and Phospho-proteome Analysis of Merlin-deficient Meningioma and Schwannoma Identifies PDLIM2 as a Novel Therapeutic Target. EBioMedicine 2017; 16:76-86. [PMID: 28126595 PMCID: PMC5474504 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2017.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss or mutation of the tumour suppressor Merlin predisposes individuals to develop multiple nervous system tumours, including schwannomas and meningiomas, sporadically or as part of the autosomal dominant inherited condition Neurofibromatosis 2 (NF2). These tumours display largely low grade features but their presence can lead to significant morbidity. Surgery and radiotherapy remain the only treatment options despite years of research, therefore an effective therapeutic is required. Unbiased omics studies have become pivotal in the identification of differentially expressed genes and proteins that may act as drug targets or biomarkers. Here we analysed the proteome and phospho-proteome of these genetically defined tumours using primary human tumour cells to identify upregulated/activated proteins and/or pathways. We identified over 2000 proteins in comparative experiments between Merlin-deficient schwannoma and meningioma compared to human Schwann and meningeal cells respectively. Using functional enrichment analysis we highlighted several dysregulated pathways and Gene Ontology terms. We identified several proteins and phospho-proteins that are more highly expressed in tumours compared to controls. Among proteins jointly dysregulated in both tumours we focused in particular on PDZ and LIM domain protein 2 (PDLIM2) and validated its overexpression in several tumour samples, while not detecting it in normal cells. We showed that shRNA mediated knockdown of PDLIM2 in both primary meningioma and schwannoma leads to significant reductions in cellular proliferation. To our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive assessment of the NF2-related meningioma and schwannoma proteome and phospho-proteome. Taken together, our data highlight several commonly deregulated factors, and indicate that PDLIM2 may represent a novel, common target for meningioma and schwannoma. Proteome and phosphoproteome of Merlin-deficient schwannomas and meningiomas were analysed. Comparative studies highlighted several pathways relevant for therapeutic intervention. PDLIM2 was identified as a novel, commonly upregulated protein in both tumours. PDLIM2 knockdown led to a significant reduction in proliferation in both cell types.
Loss or mutation of the protein Merlin causes a genetic condition known as Neurofibromatosis 2 (NF2) characterised by the growth of schwannomas and meningiomas. We analysed several of these tumour samples and identified over 2000 proteins in comparative experiments between Merlin-deficient schwannoma and meningioma compared to normal controls. We identified PDZ and LIM domain protein 2 (PDLIM2) as overexpressed in both tumour types and further showed that knockdown of PDLIM2 leads to significant reductions in cellular proliferation. Taken together, our data highlight several deregulated signalling pathways, and indicate that PDLIM2 may represent a novel, common target for meningioma and schwannoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayleigh Bassiri
- Institute of Translational and Stratified Medicine, Plymouth University Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, John Bull Building, Plymouth Science Park, Research Way, Derriford, Plymouth PL6 8BU, UK
| | - Sara Ferluga
- Institute of Translational and Stratified Medicine, Plymouth University Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, John Bull Building, Plymouth Science Park, Research Way, Derriford, Plymouth PL6 8BU, UK
| | - Vikram Sharma
- School of Biomedical and Healthcare Sciences, Plymouth University, Drakes Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Nelofer Syed
- John Fulcher Neuro-oncology Laboratory, Division of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W6 8RP, UK
| | - Claire L Adams
- Institute of Translational and Stratified Medicine, Plymouth University Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, John Bull Building, Plymouth Science Park, Research Way, Derriford, Plymouth PL6 8BU, UK
| | - Edwin Lasonder
- School of Biomedical and Healthcare Sciences, Plymouth University, Drakes Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
| | - C Oliver Hanemann
- Institute of Translational and Stratified Medicine, Plymouth University Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, John Bull Building, Plymouth Science Park, Research Way, Derriford, Plymouth PL6 8BU, UK.
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The cleaved FAS ligand activates the Na(+)/H(+) exchanger NHE1 through Akt/ROCK1 to stimulate cell motility. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28008. [PMID: 27302366 PMCID: PMC4908414 DOI: 10.1038/srep28008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Transmembrane CD95L (Fas ligand) can be cleaved to release a promigratory soluble ligand, cl-CD95L, which can contribute to chronic inflammation and cancer cell dissemination. The motility signaling pathway elicited by cl-CD95L remains poorly defined. Here, we show that in the presence of cl-CD95L, CD95 activates the Akt and RhoA signaling pathways, which together orchestrate an allosteric activation of the Na+/H+ exchanger NHE1. Pharmacologic inhibition of Akt or ROCK1 independently blocks the cl-CD95L-induced migration. Confirming these pharmacologic data, disruption of the Akt and ROCK1 phosphorylation sites on NHE1 decreases cell migration in cells exposed to cl-CD95L. Together, these findings demonstrate that NHE1 is a novel molecular actor in the CD95 signaling pathway that drives the cl-CD95L-induced cell migration through both the Akt and RhoA signaling pathways.
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Abstract
Rho-associated kinase 1 (ROCK1) and ROCK2 are activated by Rho GTPase and control cytoskeleton rearrangement through modulating the phosphorylation of their down-stream effector molecules. Although these 2 isoforms share more than 90% homology within their kinase domain the question of whether ROCK proteins function identically in different cell types is not clear. By using both pharmacological inhibition and genetic knockdown approaches recent studies suggest that the ROCK2 isoform plays an exclusive role in controlling of T-cell plasticity and macrophage polarization. Specifically, selective ROCK2 inhibition shifts the balance between pro-inflammatory and regulatory T-cell subsets via concurrent regulation of STAT3 and STAT5 phosphorylation, respectively. Furthermore, the administration of an orally available selective ROCK2 inhibitor effectively ameliorates clinical manifestations in experimental models of autoimmunity and chronic graft-vs.-host disease (cGVHD). Because ROCK2 inhibition results in the suppression of M2-type macrophages while favoring polarization of M1-type macrophages, ROCK2 inhibition can correct the macrophage imbalance seen during age-related macular degeneration (AMD). In summary, the exclusive role of ROCK2 in immune system modulation argues for the development and testing of isoform-specific ROCK2 inhibitors for the treatment of inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ryan Flynn
- b Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation , Masonic Cancer Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , MN , USA
| | - Samuel D Waksal
- b Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation , Masonic Cancer Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , MN , USA
| | - Bruce R Blazar
- b Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation , Masonic Cancer Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , MN , USA
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Fierro C, Novoa U, González V, Ocaranza MP, Jalil JE. Simultaneous Rho kinase inhibition in circulating leukocytes and in cardiovascular tissue in rats with high angiotensin converting enzyme levels. Int J Cardiol 2016; 215:309-17. [PMID: 27128553 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The small guanosine triphosphatase RhoA and its direct target Rho kinase (ROCK) play important roles in cardiovascular pathophysiology. Activated ROCK phosphorylates intracellular proteins with detrimental effects on cardiovascular remodeling. Increased ROCK activity in circulating leukocytes is observed in hypertension and in heart failure, but its relationship with ROCK activation in the myocardium and vessels is unknown. We hypothesized that ROCK activation and phosphorylation/activation of some of its key downstream molecules in the heart and arterial wall are reflected in circulating leukocytes. METHODS Phosphorylation of MYPT1, ERM and p38-MAPK and levels of p65-NF-κB were determined in the left ventricle (LV), aortic wall and circulating leukocytes in rats with high (Brown Norway, BN) and low (Lewis) angiotensin converting enzyme. A group of BN rats received the ROCK inhibitor fasudil (7days). RESULTS Compared to Lewis rats, in the BN group phosphorylated levels of MYPT1, ERM and p38-MAPK and levels of p65-NF-κB were increased (P<0.05) in the LV (67%, 92%, 52% and 98%, respectively); in the aortic wall (57%, 51%, 68% and 66%, respectively) and in circulating leukocytes (61%, 72%, 49% and 105%, respectively). Fasudil reduced all these levels to those observed in Lewis rats. Phosphorylated MYPT1, ERM, and p38-MAPK and levels of p65-NF-κB in circulating leukocytes were significantly correlated with their respective LV and aortic wall levels (excepting p65-NF-κB in aorta). CONCLUSION ROCK activity in circulating leukocytes reflects activation of this signaling pathway in the myocardium and aortic wall in this model, and supports its value as a potential cardiovascular remodeling marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Fierro
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile
| | - Ulises Novoa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Talca, Chile
| | - Veronica González
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile
| | - María Paz Ocaranza
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile; Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDis), Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile
| | - Jorge E Jalil
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile.
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A RhoA and Rnd3 cycle regulates actin reassembly during membrane blebbing. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:E1863-71. [PMID: 26976596 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1600968113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton usually lies beneath the plasma membrane. When the membrane-associated actin cytoskeleton is transiently disrupted or the intracellular pressure is increased, the plasma membrane detaches from the cortex and protrudes. Such protruded membrane regions are called blebs. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying membrane blebbing are poorly understood. This study revealed that epidermal growth factor receptor kinase substrate 8 (Eps8) and ezrin are important regulators of rapid actin reassembly for the initiation and retraction of protruded blebs. Live-cell imaging of membrane blebbing revealed that local reassembly of actin filaments occurred at Eps8- and activated ezrin-positive foci of membrane blebs. Furthermore, we found that a RhoA-ROCK-Rnd3 feedback loop determined the local reassembly sites of the actin cortex during membrane blebbing.
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Pépin A, Espinasse MA, Latré de Laté P, Szely N, Pallardy M, Biola-Vidamment A. TSC-22 Promotes Interleukin-2-Deprivation Induced Apoptosis in T-Lymphocytes. J Cell Biochem 2016; 117:1855-68. [PMID: 26752201 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Originally described as a TGF-β-inducible gene, tsc-22 (Transforming growth factor-beta Stimulated Clone 22) encodes a transcriptional regulator affecting biological processes such as cell growth, differentiation, or apoptosis. Along with GILZ (Glucocorticoid-Induced Leucine Zipper), TSC-22 belongs to the evolutionary conserved TSC-22 Domain family. We previously showed that, in T-lymphocytes, GILZ expression was induced upon IL-2 withdrawal, delaying apoptosis through down-regulation of the pro-apoptotic protein BIM expression. The aim of this work was then to elucidate the respective roles of GILZ and TSC-22 upon IL-2 deprivation-induced apoptosis. We report here that these two highly homologous genes are concomitantly expressed in most human tissues and in primary T-lymphocytes and that expression of TSC-22 promotes T-lymphocytes apoptosis by inhibiting GILZ functions. Indeed, we demonstrated that TSC-22 expression in the murine lymphoid CTLL-2 cell line promoted IL-2 deprivation-induced apoptosis. BIM expression and caspases-9 and -3 activities were markedly increased in TSC-22 expressing clones compared to control clones. Analysis of GILZ expression revealed that TSC-22 prevented the induction of the GILZ protein upon IL-2 deprivation, by inhibiting gilz mRNA transcription. These results suggested that TSC-22 could counteract the protective effect of GILZ on IL-2-deprivation-induced apoptosis. Moreover, TSC-22-induced inhibition of GILZ expression was also found in CTLL-2 cells treated with glucocorticoids or TGF-β. In the human NKL cell line deprived of IL-2, TSC-22 showed the same effect and thus may represent a potent repressor of GILZ expression in IL-2-dependent cells, independently of the cell type, or the stimulus, leading to an increase of IL-2-deprived T-cells apoptosis. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 1855-1868, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Pépin
- UMR 996-Inflammation, Chemokines and Immunopathology, Inserm, Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, 92296, France
| | - Marie-Alix Espinasse
- UMR 996-Inflammation, Chemokines and Immunopathology, Inserm, Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, 92296, France
| | - Perle Latré de Laté
- UMR 996-Inflammation, Chemokines and Immunopathology, Inserm, Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, 92296, France
| | - Natacha Szely
- UMR 996-Inflammation, Chemokines and Immunopathology, Inserm, Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, 92296, France
| | - Marc Pallardy
- UMR 996-Inflammation, Chemokines and Immunopathology, Inserm, Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, 92296, France
| | - Armelle Biola-Vidamment
- UMR 996-Inflammation, Chemokines and Immunopathology, Inserm, Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, 92296, France
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Suda J, Rockey DC, Karvar S. Akt2-Dependent Phosphorylation of Radixin in Regulation of Mrp-2 Trafficking in WIF-B Cells. Dig Dis Sci 2016; 61:453-63. [PMID: 26500117 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-015-3905-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The dominant ezrin/radixin/moesin protein in hepatocytes is radixin, which plays an important role in mediating the binding of F-actin to the plasma membrane after a conformational activation by phosphorylation at Thr564. AIM Here we have investigated the importance of Akt-mediated radixin Thr564 phosphorylation on Mrp-2 distribution and function in WIF-B cells. Mrp-2 is an adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette transporter that plays an important role in detoxification and chemoprotection by transporting a wide range of compounds, especially conjugates of lipophilic substances with glutathione, organic anions, and drug metabolites such as glucuronides. METHODS Akt1 and Akt2 expression were manipulated using dominant active and negative constructs as well as Akt1 and Akt2 siRNA. Cellular distribution of radixin and Mrp-2 was visualized by fluorescence microscopy. A 5-chloromethylfluorescein diacetate, which is a substrate of the Mrp-2 and is actively transported in canalicular lumina, was used to measure Mrp-2 function. RESULTS Radixin phosphorylation was significantly increased in wild-type and dominant active Akt2 transfected cells. Furthermore, radixin and Mrp-2 were localized at the canalicular membrane, similar to control cells. In contrast, overexpression of dominant negative Akt2, siRNA knockdown of Akt2 and a specific Akt inhibitor prevented radixin phosphorylation and led to alteration of normal radixin and Mrp-2 localization; inhibition of Akt2, but not Akt1 function led to radixin localization to the cytoplasmic space. In addition, dominant negative and Akt2 knockdown led to a dramatically impaired hepatocyte secretory response, while wild-type and dominant active Akt2 transfected cells exhibited increased 5-chloromethylfluorescein diacetate excretion. In contrast to Akt2, Akt1 was not associated with radixin phosphorylation. CONCLUSIONS These studies, therefore, identify Akt2 as a critical kinase that regulates radixin phosphorylation and leads to Mrp-2 translocation and function.
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Xuan Z, Wu Y, Zhang C, Zhang S, Chen X, Li S, Hao Y, Wang Q, Wang X, Zhang S. Xijiao Dihuang Decoction combined with Yinqiao Powder reverses influenza virus-induced F-actin reorganization in PMVECs by inhibiting ERM phosphorylation. JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICAL SCIENCES 2016. [PMCID: PMC7147192 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcms.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective It has been documented that ezrin/radixin/moesin (ERM) phosphorylation by the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), Rho/ROCK, and protein kinase C (PKC) pathways leads to filamentous actin (F-actin) reorganization and microvascular endothelial cell hyperpermeability. In this study, we investigated the effects of Xijiao Dihuang Decoction combined with Yinqiao Powder (XDY) on influenza virus (IV)-induced F-actin restructuring and ERM phosphorylation regulated by the Rho/Rho kinase 1 (ROCK), p38 MAPK, and PKC signaling pathways in pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMVECs). Methods Serum containing XDY (XDY-CS; 13.8 g/kg) was acquired using standard protocols for serum pharmacology. Primary PMVECs were obtained from male Wistar rats and cultured. After adsorption of IV A (multiplicity of infection, 0.01) for 1 h, medium with 20% XDY-CS was added to the PMVECs. The distributions of F-actin and phosphorylated ERM were determined by confocal microscopy, and F-actin expression was measured by flow cytometry. The expression levels of ROCK1, phosphorylated myosin phosphatase target-subunit (p-MYPT), phosphorylated MAPK kinase, phosphorylated p38 (p-p38), phosphorylated PKC (p-PKC), and phosphorylated ERM (p-ERM) were determined by western blotting. Results F-actin reorganization in IV-infected PMVECs was reversed by XDY-CS treatment, which was accompanied by reduced p-ERM production. The p-ERM protein accumulated at plasma membrane of PMVECs infected with IV, which was also inhibited by XDY-CS treatment. In addition, XDY-CS treatment drastically reduced the levels of p-p38, ROCK1, p-MYPT, and p-PKC induced by IV infection in PMVECs. Conclusion These results show that XDY-CS inhibited influenza-induced F-actin reorganization in PMVECs by down-regulating p-ERM expression via inhibition of the Rho/ROCK, p38 MAPK, and PKC pathways. In conclusion, XDY could reduce the damage to endothelial cytoskeleton induced by IV infection, thus protecting the barriers of PMVECs.
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Mera C, Godoy I, Ramírez R, Moya J, Ocaranza MP, Jalil JE. Mechanisms of favorable effects of Rho kinase inhibition on myocardial remodeling and systolic function after experimental myocardial infarction in the rat. Ther Adv Cardiovasc Dis 2015; 10:4-20. [PMID: 26490279 DOI: 10.1177/1753944715609516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine the molecular mechanisms by which cardiac Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase (ROCK) activation after myocardial infarction (MI) does intervene in cardiac systolic function decline and remodeling. METHODS Simultaneous measurement of different cardiac ROCK target proteins levels, in vivo left ventricular (LV) systolic function, myocardial fibrosis and hypertrophy in rats with MI under ROCK inhibition with fasudil. RESULTS Seven days after MI, the ventricular mass increased significantly by 5.6% in the MI group and was reduced with fasudil. LV systolic dysfunction improved significantly with fasudil whereas cardiac ROCK activation was reduced to sham levels. The ROCK inhibitor also reduced increased cardiac levels of both ROCK1 and ROCK2 isoforms, cardiomyocyte ROCK2 fluorescence levels and β-myosin heavy chain (MHC) levels in addition to myocardial collagen volume fraction decline. Compared with sham rats, troponin phosphorylation levels after MI were similar and ROCK inhibition reduced them. MI significantly increased phosphorylation levels of extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 42 and ERK 44 by twofold and 63%, respectively, whereas in the fasudil-treated MI group these levels were similar to those in the sham group. MI significantly increased phosphorylated levels of the transcription factor GATA-4 and the ROCK inhibitor normalized them. CONCLUSIONS LV systolic dysfunction after MI was strongly associated with cardiac ROCK activation and subsequent phosphorylation of ROCK target proteins that promote ventricular remodeling such as β-MHC and the ERK/GATA-4 pathway. ROCK inhibition with fasudil significantly improved systolic function, diminished myocardial fibrosis and normalized β-MHC and ERK/GATA-4 phosphorylation levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Mera
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, School of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Santiago, Chile
| | - Iván Godoy
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, School of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Santiago, Chile
| | - Renato Ramírez
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, School of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jackeline Moya
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, School of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Santiago, Chile
| | - María Paz Ocaranza
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, ChileDivision of Cardiovascular Diseases, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jorge E Jalil
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, School of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Marcoleta 367 Piso 8, Santiago, Chile
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Death Receptor-Induced Apoptosis Signalling Regulation by Ezrin Is Cell Type Dependent and Occurs in a DISC-Independent Manner in Colon Cancer Cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126526. [PMID: 26010871 PMCID: PMC4444253 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ezrin belongs to the ERM (ezrin-radixin-moesin) protein family and has been demonstrated to regulate early steps of Fas receptor signalling in lymphoid cells, but its contribution to TRAIL-induced cell death regulation in adherent cancer cells remains unknown. In this study we report that regulation of FasL and TRAIL-induced cell death by ezrin is cell type dependant. Ezrin is a positive regulator of apoptosis in T-lymphoma cell line Jurkat, but a negative regulator in colon cancer cells. Using ezrin phosphorylation or actin-binding mutants, we provide evidence that negative regulation of death receptor-induced apoptosis by ezrin occurs in a cytoskeleton- and DISC-independent manner, in colon cancer cells. Remarkably, inhibition of apoptosis induced by these ligands was found to be tightly associated with regulation of ezrin phosphorylation on serine 66, the tumor suppressor gene WWOX and activation of PKA. Deficiency in WWOX expression in the liver cancer SK-HEP1 or the pancreatic Mia PaCa-2 cell lines as well as WWOX silencing or modulation of PKA activation by pharmacological regulators, in the colon cancer cell line SW480, abrogated regulation of TRAIL signalling by ezrin. Altogether our results show that death receptor pro-apoptotic signalling regulation by ezrin can occur downstream of the DISC in colon cancer cells.
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Lipid rafts and raft-mediated supramolecular entities in the regulation of CD95 death receptor apoptotic signaling. Apoptosis 2015; 20:584-606. [DOI: 10.1007/s10495-015-1104-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Hu J, Niu M, Li X, Lu D, Cui J, Xu W, Li G, Zhan J, Zhang H. FERM domain-containing protein FRMD5 regulates cell motility via binding to integrin β5 subunit and ROCK1. FEBS Lett 2014; 588:4348-56. [PMID: 25448675 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2014.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Revised: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
FRMD5 is a novel FERM domain-containing protein depicted in tumor progression. However, the mechanisms underlying FRMD5 inhibition of cell migration is largely unknown. Here, we show that FRMD5 regulates cell migration by interacting with integrin β5 cytoplasmic tail and ROCK1 in human lung cancer cells. FRMD5 promotes cell-matrix adhesion and cell spreading on vitronectin, and thus inhibits cell migration. Furthermore, FRMD5 interacts with ROCK1 and inhibits its activation that leads to the inhibition of myosin light chain phosphorylation and the actin stress fiber formation. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that the putative tumor suppressive protein FRMD5 regulates tumor cell motility via a dual pathway involving FRMD5 binding to integrin β5 tail and to ROCK1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxia Hu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology and Tumor Biology, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264000, Shandong, China
| | - Miaomiao Niu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology and Tumor Biology, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xueying Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology and Tumor Biology, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Danyu Lu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology and Tumor Biology, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jia Cui
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology and Tumor Biology, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Weizhi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology and Tumor Biology, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jun Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology and Tumor Biology, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Hongquan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology and Tumor Biology, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China.
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46
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Abstract
Members of the ezrin-radixin-moesin (ERM) family of proteins are involved in multiple aspects of cell migration by acting both as crosslinkers between the membrane, receptors and the actin cytoskeleton, and as regulators of signalling molecules that are implicated in cell adhesion, cell polarity and migration. Increasing evidence suggests that the regulation of cell signalling and the cytoskeleton by ERM proteins is crucial during cancer progression. Thus, both their expression levels and subcellular localisation would affect tumour progression. High expression of ERM proteins has been shown in a variety of cancers. Mislocalisation of ERM proteins reduces the ability of cells to form cell-cell contacts and, therefore, promotes an invasive phenotype. Similarly, mislocalisation of ERM proteins impairs the formation of receptor complexes and alters the transmission of signals in response to growth factors, thereby facilitating tumour progression. In this Commentary, we address the structure, function and regulation of ERM proteins under normal physiological conditions as well as in cancer progression, with particular emphasis on cancers of epithelial origin, such as those from breast, lung and prostate. We also discuss any recent developments that have added to the understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms and signalling pathways these proteins are involved in during cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarama Clucas
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, St George's University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, UK
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47
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Zhang C, Wu Y, Xuan Z, Zhang S, Wang X, Hao Y, Wu J, Zhang S. p38MAPK, Rho/ROCK and PKC pathways are involved in influenza-induced cytoskeletal rearrangement and hyperpermeability in PMVEC via phosphorylating ERM. Virus Res 2014; 192:6-15. [PMID: 25150189 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2014.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2013] [Revised: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Severe influenza infections are featured by acute lung injury, a syndrome of pulmonary microvascular leak. A growing number of evidences have shown that the pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMVEC) are critical target of influenza virus, promoting microvascular leak. It is reported that there are multiple mechanisms by which influenza virus could elicit increased pulmonary endothelial permeability, in both direct and indirect manners. Ezrin/radixin/moesin family proteins, the linkers between plasma membrane and actin cytoskeleton, have been reported to be involved in cell adhesion, motility and may modulate endothelial permeability. Studies have also shown that ERM is phosphorylated in response to various stimuli via p38MAPK, Rho/ROCK or PKC pathways. However, it is unclear that whether influenza infection could induce ERM phosphorylation and its relocalization. In the present study, we have found that there are cytoskeletal reorganization and permeability increases in the course of influenza virus infection, accompanied by upregulated levels of p-ERM. p-ERM's aggregation along the periphery of PMVEC upon influenza virus infection was detected via confocal microscopy. Furthermore, we sought to determine the role of p38MAPK, Rho/ROCK and PKC pathways in ERM phosphorylation as well as their involvement in influenza virus-induced endothelial malfunction. The activation of p38MAPK, Rho/ROCK and PKC pathways upon influenza virus stimulation were observed, as evidenced by the evaluation of phosphorylated p38 (p-p38), phosphorylated MKK (p-MKK) in p38MAPK pathway, ROCK1 in Rho/ROCK pathway and phosphorylated PKC (p-PKC) in PKC pathway. We also showed that virus-induced ERM phosphorylation was reduced by using p38MAPK inhibitor, SB203580 (20 μM), Rho/ROCK inhibitor, Y27632 (20 μM), PKC inhibitor, LY317615 (10 μM). Additionally, influenza virus-induced F-actin reorganization and hyperpermeability were attenuated by pretreatment with SB203580, Y27632 and LY317615. Taken together, we provide the first evidence that p38MAPK, Rho/ROCK and PKC are involved in influenza-induced cytoskeletal changes and permeability increases in PMVEC via phosphorylating ERM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyue Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, PR China
| | - Ying Wu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, PR China.
| | - Zinan Xuan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, PR China
| | - Shujing Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xudan Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yu Hao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, PR China
| | - Shu Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, PR China
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48
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Heinonen S, Saarinen L, Naukkarinen J, Rodríguez A, Frühbeck G, Hakkarainen A, Lundbom J, Lundbom N, Vuolteenaho K, Moilanen E, Arner P, Hautaniemi S, Suomalainen A, Kaprio J, Rissanen A, Pietiläinen KH. Adipocyte morphology and implications for metabolic derangements in acquired obesity. Int J Obes (Lond) 2014; 38:1423-31. [PMID: 24549139 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2014.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Revised: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adipocyte size and number have been suggested to predict the development of metabolic complications in obesity. However, the genetic and environmental determinants behind this phenomenon remain unclear. METHODS We studied this question in rare-weight discordant (intra-pair difference (Δ) body mass index (BMI) 3-10 kg m(-2), n=15) and concordant (ΔBMI 0-2 kg m(-)(2), n=5) young adult (22-35 years) monozygotic twin pairs identified from 10 birth cohorts of Finnish twins (n=5 500 pairs). Subcutaneous abdominal adipocyte size from surgical biopsies was measured under a light microscope. Adipocyte number was calculated from cell size and total body fat (D × A). RESULTS The concordant pairs were remarkably similar for adipocyte size and number (intra-class correlations 0.91-0.92, P<0.01), suggesting a strong genetic control of these measures. In the discordant pairs, the obese co-twins (BMI 30.6 ± 0.9 kg m(-2)) had significantly larger adipocytes (volume 547 ± 59 pl), than the lean co-twins (24.9 ± 0.9 kg m(-)(2); 356 ± 34 pl, P<0.001). In 8/15 pairs, the obese co-twins had less adipocytes than their co-twins. These hypoplastic obese twins had significantly higher liver fat (spectroscopy), homeostatic model assessment-index, C-reactive protein and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol than their lean co-twins. Hyperplastic obesity was observed in the rest (7/15) of the pairs, obese and lean co-twins having similar metabolic measures. In all pairs, Δadipocyte volume correlated positively and Δcell number correlated negatively with Δhomeostatic model assessment-index and Δlow-density lipoprotein, independent of Δbody fat. Transcripts most significantly correlating with Δadipocyte volume were related to a reduced mitochondrial function, membrane modifications, to DNA damage and cell death. CONCLUSIONS Together, hypertrophy and hypoplasia in acquired obesity are related to metabolic dysfunction, possibly through disturbances in mitochondrial function and increased cell death within the adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Heinonen
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - L Saarinen
- Research Programs Unit, Genome-Scale Biology and Institute of Biomedicine, Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, Helsinki, Finland
| | - J Naukkarinen
- 1] Obesity Research Unit, Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland [2] FIMM, Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - A Rodríguez
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, & CIBERobn, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain
| | - G Frühbeck
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, & CIBERobn, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain
| | - A Hakkarainen
- Helsinki Medical Imaging Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - J Lundbom
- Helsinki Medical Imaging Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - N Lundbom
- Helsinki Medical Imaging Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - K Vuolteenaho
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, University of Tampere School of Medicine and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - E Moilanen
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, University of Tampere School of Medicine and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - P Arner
- Lipid Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S Hautaniemi
- Research Programs Unit, Genome-Scale Biology and Institute of Biomedicine, Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, Helsinki, Finland
| | - A Suomalainen
- Research Program of Molecular Neurology and Department of Neurology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - J Kaprio
- 1] FIMM, Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland [2] Finnish Twin Cohort Study, Department of Public Health, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki Finland [3] National Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, Helsinki, Finland
| | - A Rissanen
- Department of Psychiatry, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - K H Pietiläinen
- 1] Obesity Research Unit, Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland [2] FIMM, Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland [3] Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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49
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Abstract
Angioimmunoblastic T cell lymphoma (AITL) is a distinct subtype of peripheral T cell lymphoma characterized by generalized lymphadenopathy and frequent autoimmune-like manifestations. Although frequent mutations in TET2, IDH2 and DNMT3A, which are common to various hematologic malignancies, have been identified in AITL, the molecular pathogenesis specific to this lymphoma subtype is unknown. Here we report somatic RHOA mutations encoding a p.Gly17Val alteration in 68% of AITL samples. Remarkably, all cases with the mutation encoding p.Gly17Val also had TET2 mutations. The RHOA mutation encoding p.Gly17Val was specifically identified in tumor cells, whereas TET2 mutations were found in both tumor cells and non-tumor hematopoietic cells. RHOA encodes a small GTPase that regulates diverse biological processes. We demonstrated that the Gly17Val RHOA mutant did not bind GTP and also inhibited wild-type RHOA function. Our findings suggest that impaired RHOA function in cooperation with preceding loss of TET2 function contributes to AITL-specific pathogenesis.
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50
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Somatic RHOA mutation in angioimmunoblastic T cell lymphoma. Nat Genet 2014; 46:171-5. [PMID: 24413737 DOI: 10.1038/ng.2872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 464] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Angioimmunoblastic T cell lymphoma (AITL) is a distinct subtype of peripheral T cell lymphoma characterized by generalized lymphadenopathy and frequent autoimmune-like manifestations. Although frequent mutations in TET2, IDH2 and DNMT3A, which are common to various hematologic malignancies, have been identified in AITL, the molecular pathogenesis specific to this lymphoma subtype is unknown. Here we report somatic RHOA mutations encoding a p.Gly17Val alteration in 68% of AITL samples. Remarkably, all cases with the mutation encoding p.Gly17Val also had TET2 mutations. The RHOA mutation encoding p.Gly17Val was specifically identified in tumor cells, whereas TET2 mutations were found in both tumor cells and non-tumor hematopoietic cells. RHOA encodes a small GTPase that regulates diverse biological processes. We demonstrated that the Gly17Val RHOA mutant did not bind GTP and also inhibited wild-type RHOA function. Our findings suggest that impaired RHOA function in cooperation with preceding loss of TET2 function contributes to AITL-specific pathogenesis.
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