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Mohammad Taheri M, Javan F, Poudineh M, Athari SS. Beyond CAR-T: The rise of CAR-NK cell therapy in asthma immunotherapy. J Transl Med 2024; 22:736. [PMID: 39103889 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05534-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Asthma poses a major public health burden. While existing asthma drugs manage symptoms for many, some patients remain resistant. The lack of a cure, especially for severe asthma, compels exploration of novel therapies. Cancer immunotherapy successes with CAR-T cells suggest its potential for asthma treatment. Researchers are exploring various approaches for allergic diseases including membrane-bound IgE, IL-5, PD-L2, and CTLA-4 for asthma, and Dectin-1 for fungal asthma. NK cells offer several advantages over T cells for CAR-based immunotherapy. They offer key benefits: (1) HLA compatibility, meaning they can be used in a wider range of patients without the need for matching tissue types. (2) Minimal side effects (CRS and GVHD) due to their limited persistence and cytokine profile. (3) Scalability for "off-the-shelf" production from various sources. Several strategies have been introduced that highlight the superiority and challenges of CAR-NK cell therapy for asthma treatment including IL-10, IFN-γ, ADCC, perforin-granzyme, FASL, KIR, NCRs (NKP46), DAP, DNAM-1, TGF-β, TNF-α, CCL, NKG2A, TF, and EGFR. Furthermore, we advocate for incorporating AI for CAR design optimization and CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing technology for precise gene manipulation to generate highly effective CAR constructs. This review will delve into the evolution and production of CAR designs, explore pre-clinical and clinical studies of CAR-based therapies in asthma, analyze strategies to optimize CAR-NK cell function, conduct a comparative analysis of CAR-T and CAR-NK cell therapy with their respective challenges, and finally present established novel CAR designs with promising potential for asthma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fatemeh Javan
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Mohadeseh Poudineh
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Seyed Shamseddin Athari
- Cancer Gene Therapy Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
- Department of Immunology, Zanjan School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, 12th Street, Shahrake Karmandan, Zanjan, 45139-561111, Iran.
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2
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Williams CG, Moreira ML, Asatsuma T, Lee HJ, Li S, Barrera I, Murray E, Soon MSF, Engel JA, Khoury DS, Le S, Wanrooy BJ, Schienstock D, Alexandre YO, Skinner OP, Joseph R, Beattie L, Mueller SN, Chen F, Haque A. Plasmodium infection induces phenotypic, clonal, and spatial diversity among differentiating CD4 + T cells. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114317. [PMID: 38848213 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Naive CD4+ T cells must differentiate in order to orchestrate immunity to Plasmodium, yet understanding of their emerging phenotypes, clonality, spatial distributions, and cellular interactions remains incomplete. Here, we observe that splenic polyclonal CD4+ T cells differentiate toward T helper 1 (Th1) and T follicular helper (Tfh)-like states and exhibit rarer phenotypes not elicited among T cell receptor (TCR) transgenic counterparts. TCR clones present at higher frequencies exhibit Th1 skewing, suggesting that variation in major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) interaction influences proliferation and Th1 differentiation. To characterize CD4+ T cell interactions, we map splenic microarchitecture, cellular locations, and molecular interactions using spatial transcriptomics at near single-cell resolution. Tfh-like cells co-locate with stromal cells in B cell follicles, while Th1 cells in red pulp co-locate with activated monocytes expressing multiple chemokines and MHC-II. Spatial mapping of individual transcriptomes suggests that proximity to chemokine-expressing monocytes correlates with stronger effector phenotypes in Th1 cells. Finally, CRISPR-Cas9 gene disruption reveals a role for CCR5 in promoting clonal expansion and Th1 differentiation. A database of cellular locations and interactions is presented: https://haquelab.mdhs.unimelb.edu.au/spatial_gui/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron G Williams
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, located at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Marcela L Moreira
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, located at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Takahiro Asatsuma
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, located at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Hyun Jae Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, located at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Shihan Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, located at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Irving Barrera
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Evan Murray
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Megan S F Soon
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Jessica A Engel
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - David S Khoury
- Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Shirley Le
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, located at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Brooke J Wanrooy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, located at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Dominick Schienstock
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, located at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Yannick O Alexandre
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, located at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Oliver P Skinner
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, located at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Rainon Joseph
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, located at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Lynette Beattie
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, located at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Scott N Mueller
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, located at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Fei Chen
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Ashraful Haque
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, located at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, VIC 3000, Australia.
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3
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Shalekoff S, Dias BDC, Loubser S, Strehlau R, Kuhn L, Tiemessen CT. Higher CCR5 density on CD4 + T-cells in mothers and infants is associated with increased risk of in-utero HIV-1 transmission. AIDS 2024; 38:945-954. [PMID: 38329228 PMCID: PMC11064911 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000003857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE CCR5-tropic viruses are preferentially transmitted during perinatal HIV-1 infection. CCR5 density on CD4 + T-cells likely impacts susceptibility to HIV-1 infection. DESIGN Fifty-two mother-infant dyads were enrolled. All mothers were living with HIV-1, 27 of the infants acquired HIV-1 in utero and 25 infants remained uninfected. METHODS CCR5 density, together with frequencies of CD4 + and CD8 + T-cells expressing immune activation (CCR5, ICOS and HLA-DR) and immune checkpoint (TIGIT and PD-1) markers, were measured in whole blood from the dyads close to delivery. RESULTS Compared with mothers who did not transmit, mothers who transmitted HIV-1 had less exposure to ART during pregnancy ( P = 0.015) and higher plasma viral load close to delivery ( P = 0.0005). These mothers, additionally, had higher CCR5 density on CD4 + and CD8 + T-cells and higher frequencies of CCR5, ICOS and TIGIT-expressing CD8 + T-cells. Similarly, compared with infants without HIV-1, infants with HIV-1 had higher CCR5 density on CD4 + and CD8 + T-cells and higher frequencies of CCR5, TIGIT, and PD-1-expressing CD4 + and CD8 + T-cells as well as higher frequencies of HLA-DR-expressing CD8 + T-cells. CCR5 density on maternal CD4 + T-cells remained significantly associated with transmission after adjusting for maternal viral load and CD4 + T cell counts. Mother-infant dyads with shared high CCR5 density phenotypes had the highest risk of transmission/acquisition of infection compared with dyads with shared low-CCR5 density phenotypes. CONCLUSION This study provides strong evidence of a protective role for a combined mother-infant low CD4 + T-cell CCR5 density phenotype in in-utero transmission/acquisition of HIV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Shalekoff
- Centre for HIV and STIs, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, a division of the National Health Laboratory Service, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Bianca Da Costa Dias
- Centre for HIV and STIs, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, a division of the National Health Laboratory Service, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Shayne Loubser
- Centre for HIV and STIs, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, a division of the National Health Laboratory Service, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Renate Strehlau
- VIDA Nkanyezi Research Unit, Rahima Moosa Mother and Child Hospital, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Louise Kuhn
- Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Caroline T. Tiemessen
- Centre for HIV and STIs, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, a division of the National Health Laboratory Service, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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4
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Zhou Q, Shi P, Shi WD, Gao J, Wu YC, Wan J, Yan LL, Zheng Y. Identification of potential biomarkers of leprosy: A study based on GEO datasets. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0302753. [PMID: 38739634 PMCID: PMC11090354 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Leprosy has a high rate of cripplehood and lacks available early effective diagnosis methods for prevention and treatment, thus novel effective molecule markers are urgently required. In this study, we conducted bioinformatics analysis with leprosy and normal samples acquired from the GEO database(GSE84893, GSE74481, GSE17763, GSE16844 and GSE443). Through WGCNA analysis, 85 hub genes were screened(GS > 0.7 and MM > 0.8). Through DEG analysis, 82 up-regulated and 3 down-regulated genes were screened(|Log2FC| > 3 and FDR < 0.05). Then 49 intersection genes were considered as crucial and subjected to GO annotation, KEGG pathway and PPI analysis to determine the biological significance in the pathogenesis of leprosy. Finally, we identified a gene-pathway network, suggesting ITK, CD48, IL2RG, CCR5, FGR, JAK3, STAT1, LCK, PTPRC, CXCR4 can be used as biomarkers and these genes are active in 6 immune system pathways, including Chemokine signaling pathway, Th1 and Th2 cell differentiation, Th17 cell differentiation, T cell receptor signaling pathway, Natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity and Leukocyte transendothelial migration. We identified 10 crucial gene markers and related important pathways that acted as essential components in the etiology of leprosy. Our study provides potential targets for diagnostic biomarkers and therapy of leprosy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Zhou
- Wuhan Dermatology Prevention Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Ping Shi
- Wuhan Dermatology Prevention Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Wei dong Shi
- Wuhan Dermatology Prevention Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Jun Gao
- Wuhan Dermatology Prevention Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Yi chen Wu
- Wuhan Dermatology Prevention Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Jing Wan
- Wuhan Dermatology Prevention Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Li li Yan
- Wuhan Dermatology Prevention Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Yi Zheng
- Wuhan Dermatology Prevention Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
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Espineira S, Flores-Piñas M, Chafino S, Viladés C, Negredo E, Fernández-Arroyo S, Mallolas J, Villar B, Moreno S, Vidal F, Rull A, Peraire J. Multi-omics in HIV: searching insights to understand immunological non-response in PLHIV. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1228795. [PMID: 37649488 PMCID: PMC10465175 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1228795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Antiretroviral therapy (ART) induces persistent suppression of HIV-1 replication and gradual recovery of T-cell counts, and consequently, morbidity and mortality from HIV-related illnesses have been significantly reduced. However, in approximately 30% of people living with HIV (PLHIV) on ART, CD4+ T-cell counts fail to normalize despite ART and complete suppression of HIV viral load, resulting in severe immune dysfunction, which may represent an increased risk of clinical progression to AIDS and non-AIDS events as well as increased mortality. These patients are referred to as "immune inadequate responders", "immunodiscordant responders" or "immune nonresponders (INR)". The molecular mechanisms underlying poor CD4+ T-cell recovery are still unclear. In this sense, the use of omics sciences has shed light on possible factors involved in the activity and metabolic dysregulation of immune cells during the failure of CD4+ T-cell recovery in INR. Moreover, identification of key molecules by omics approaches allows for the proposal of potential biomarkers or therapeutic targets to improve CD4+ T-cell recovery and the quality of life of these patients. Hence, this review aimed to summarize the information obtained through different omics concerning the molecular factors and pathways associated with the INR phenotype to better understand the complexity of this immunological status in HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Espineira
- Infection and Immunity Research Group (INIM), Institut Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, Spain
- Infection and Immunity Research Group (INIM), Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII (HJ23), Tarragona, Spain
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Tarragona, Spain
| | - Marina Flores-Piñas
- Infection and Immunity Research Group (INIM), Institut Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, Spain
- Infection and Immunity Research Group (INIM), Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII (HJ23), Tarragona, Spain
| | - Silvia Chafino
- Infection and Immunity Research Group (INIM), Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII (HJ23), Tarragona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Consuelo Viladés
- Infection and Immunity Research Group (INIM), Institut Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, Spain
- Infection and Immunity Research Group (INIM), Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII (HJ23), Tarragona, Spain
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Tarragona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eugenia Negredo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Lluita contra les Infeccions, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat de Vic - Universitat Central de Catalunya, Vic, Spain
| | - Salvador Fernández-Arroyo
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Centre for Omic Sciences, Joint Unit Eurecat-Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Unique Scientific and Technical Infrastructure (ICTS), Reus, Spain
| | - Josep Mallolas
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- HIV Unit, Hospital Clínic-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Beatriz Villar
- Infection and Immunity Research Group (INIM), Institut Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, Spain
- Infection and Immunity Research Group (INIM), Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII (HJ23), Tarragona, Spain
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Tarragona, Spain
| | - Santiago Moreno
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- Universidad de Alcalá (UAH), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francesc Vidal
- Infection and Immunity Research Group (INIM), Institut Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, Spain
- Infection and Immunity Research Group (INIM), Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII (HJ23), Tarragona, Spain
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Tarragona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna Rull
- Infection and Immunity Research Group (INIM), Institut Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, Spain
- Infection and Immunity Research Group (INIM), Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII (HJ23), Tarragona, Spain
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Tarragona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquim Peraire
- Infection and Immunity Research Group (INIM), Institut Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, Spain
- Infection and Immunity Research Group (INIM), Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII (HJ23), Tarragona, Spain
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Tarragona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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6
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Furtado Milão J, Love L, Gourgi G, Derhaschnig L, Svensson JP, Sönnerborg A, van Domselaar R. Natural killer cells induce HIV-1 latency reversal after treatment with pan-caspase inhibitors. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1067767. [PMID: 36561752 PMCID: PMC9763267 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1067767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The establishment of a latency reservoir is the major obstacle for a cure of HIV-1. The shock-and-kill strategy aims to reactivate HIV-1 replication in HIV -1 latently infected cells, exposing the HIV-1-infected cells to cytotoxic lymphocytes. However, none of the latency reversal agents (LRAs) tested so far have shown the desired effect in people living with HIV-1. We observed that NK cells stimulated with a pan-caspase inhibitor induced latency reversal in co-cultures with HIV-1 latently infected cells. Synergy in HIV-1 reactivation was observed with LRAs prostratin and JQ1. The supernatants of the pan-caspase inhibitor-treated NK cells activated the HIV-1 LTR promoter, indicating that a secreted factor by NK cells was responsible for the HIV-1 reactivation. Assessing changes in the secreted cytokine profile of pan-caspase inhibitor-treated NK cells revealed increased levels of the HIV-1 suppressor chemokines MIP1α (CCL3), MIP1β (CCL4) and RANTES (CCL5). However, these cytokines individually or together did not induce LTR promoter activation, suggesting that CCL3-5 were not responsible for the observed HIV-1 reactivation. The cytokine profile did indicate that pan-caspase inhibitors induce NK cell activation. Altogether, our approach might be-in combination with other shock-and-kill strategies or LRAs-a strategy for reducing viral latency reservoirs and a step forward towards eradication of functionally active HIV-1 in infected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Furtado Milão
- Division of Infectious Diseases, ANA Futura Laboratory, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Luca Love
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - George Gourgi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, ANA Futura Laboratory, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lukas Derhaschnig
- Division of Infectious Diseases, ANA Futura Laboratory, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J. Peter Svensson
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Sönnerborg
- Division of Infectious Diseases, ANA Futura Laboratory, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden,Division of Clinical Microbiology, ANA Futura Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Robert van Domselaar
- Division of Infectious Diseases, ANA Futura Laboratory, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden,*Correspondence: Robert van Domselaar,
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7
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van Eekeren LE, Matzaraki V, Zhang Z, van de Wijer L, Blaauw MJT, de Jonge MI, Vandekerckhove L, Trypsteen W, Joosten LAB, Netea MG, de Mast Q, Koenen HJPM, Li Y, van der Ven AJAM. People with HIV have higher percentages of circulating CCR5+ CD8+ T cells and lower percentages of CCR5+ regulatory T cells. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11425. [PMID: 35794176 PMCID: PMC9259737 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15646-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
CCR5 is the main HIV co-receptor. We aimed to (1) compare CCR5 expression on immune cells between people living with HIV (PLHIV) using combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) and HIV-uninfected controls, (2) relate CCR5 expression to viral reservoir size and (3) assess determinants of CCR5 expression. This cross-sectional study included 209 PLHIV and 323 controls. Percentages of CCR5+ cells (%) and CCR5 mean fluorescence intensity assessed by flow cytometry in monocytes and lymphocyte subsets were correlated to host factors, HIV-1 cell-associated (CA)-RNA and CA-DNA, plasma inflammation markers and metabolites. Metabolic pathways were identified. PLHIV displayed higher percentages of CCR5+ monocytes and several CD8+ T cell subsets, but lower percentages of CCR5+ naive CD4+ T cells and regulatory T cells (Tregs). HIV-1 CA-DNA and CA-RNA correlated positively with percentages of CCR5+ lymphocytes. Metabolome analysis revealed three pathways involved in energy metabolism associated with percentage of CCR5+ CD8+ T cells in PLHIV. Our results indicate that CCR5 is differently expressed on various circulating immune cells in PLHIV. Hence, cell-trafficking of CD8+ T cells and Tregs may be altered in PLHIV. Associations between energy pathways and percentage of CCR5+ CD8+ T cells in PLHIV suggest higher energy demand of these cells in PLHIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise E van Eekeren
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. .,Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. .,Radboud Institute of Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Vasiliki Matzaraki
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Zhenhua Zhang
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Lisa van de Wijer
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboud Institute of Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marc J T Blaauw
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboud Institute of Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marien I de Jonge
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Linos Vandekerckhove
- HIV Cure Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, and Pediatrics, Ghent University & Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wim Trypsteen
- HIV Cure Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, and Pediatrics, Ghent University & Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Leo A B Joosten
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Quirijn de Mast
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboud Institute of Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Hans J P M Koenen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Yang Li
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Computational Biology for Individualised Medicine, Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine (CiiM) & TWINCORE, Joint Ventures Between the Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and the Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - André J A M van der Ven
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboud Institute of Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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8
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LPA suppresses T cell function by altering the cytoskeleton and disrupting immune synapse formation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2118816119. [PMID: 35394866 PMCID: PMC9169816 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2118816119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer and chronic infections often increase levels of the bioactive lipid, lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), that we have demonstrated acts as an inhibitory ligand upon binding LPAR5 on CD8 T cells, suppressing cytotoxic activity and tumor control. This study, using human and mouse primary T lymphocytes, reveals how LPA disrupts antigen-specific CD8 T cell:target cell immune synapse (IS) formation and T cell function via competing for cytoskeletal regulation. Specifically, we find upon antigen-specific T cell:target cell formation, IP3R1 localizes to the IS by a process dependent on mDia1 and actin and microtubule polymerization. LPA not only inhibited IP3R1 from reaching the IS but also altered T cell receptor (TCR)–induced localization of RhoA and mDia1 impairing F-actin accumulation and altering the tubulin code. Consequently, LPA impeded calcium store release and IS-directed cytokine secretion. Thus, targeting LPA signaling in chronic inflammatory conditions may rescue T cell function and promote antiviral and antitumor immunity.
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9
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D'Souza SS, Kumar A, Weinfurter J, Park MA, Maufort J, Tao L, Kang H, Dettle ST, Golos T, Thomson JA, Reynolds MR, Slukvin I. Generation of SIV-resistant T cells and macrophages from nonhuman primate induced pluripotent stem cells with edited CCR5 locus. Stem Cell Reports 2022; 17:953-963. [PMID: 35364011 PMCID: PMC9023799 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2022.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Adoptive therapies with genetically modified somatic T cells rendered HIV resistance have shown promise for AIDS therapy. A renewable source of HIV-resistant human T cells from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) would further facilitate and broaden the applicability of these therapies. Here, we report successful targeting of the CCR5 locus in iPSCs generated from T cells (T-iPSCs) or fibroblasts (fib-iPSCs) from Mauritian cynomolgus macaques (MCM), using CRISPR-Cas9 technology. We found that CCR5 editing does not affect hematopoietic and T cell differentiation potentials of fib-iPSCs. However, T-iPSCs with edited CCR5 lost their capacity to differentiate into CD4+CD8+ T cells while maintaining myeloid differentiation potential. T cells and macrophages produced from CCR5-edited MCM iPSCs did not support replication of the CCR5-tropic simian immunodeficiency viruses SIVmac239 (T cell tropic) and SIVmac316 (macrophage-tropic). Overall, these studies provide a platform for further exploration of AIDS therapies based on gene-edited iPSCs in a nonhuman primate model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saritha S D'Souza
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Akhilesh Kumar
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Jason Weinfurter
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Mi Ae Park
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | | | - Lihong Tao
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - HyunJun Kang
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Samuel T Dettle
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Thaddeus Golos
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA; Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705 USA
| | - James A Thomson
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, USA; Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Matthew R Reynolds
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Igor Slukvin
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA; Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53792, USA.
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10
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Mohamed H, Gurrola T, Berman R, Collins M, Sariyer IK, Nonnemacher MR, Wigdahl B. Targeting CCR5 as a Component of an HIV-1 Therapeutic Strategy. Front Immunol 2022; 12:816515. [PMID: 35126374 PMCID: PMC8811197 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.816515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection is a major health burden for which successful therapeutic options are still being investigated. Challenges facing current drugs that are part of the established life-long antiretroviral therapy (ART) include toxicity, development of drug resistant HIV-1 strains, the cost of treatment, and the inability to eradicate the provirus from infected cells. For these reasons, novel anti-HIV-1 therapeutics that can prevent or eliminate disease progression including the onset of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) are needed. While development of HIV-1 vaccination has also been challenging, recent advancements demonstrate that infection of HIV-1-susceptible cells can be prevented in individuals living with HIV-1, by targeting C-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5). CCR5 serves many functions in the human immune response and is a co-receptor utilized by HIV-1 for entry into immune cells. Therapeutics targeting CCR5 generally involve gene editing techniques including CRISPR, CCR5 blockade using antibodies or antagonists, or combinations of both. Here we review the efficacy of these approaches and discuss the potential of their use in the clinic as novel ART-independent therapies for HIV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hager Mohamed
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Molecular Virology and Translational Neuroscience, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Theodore Gurrola
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Molecular Virology and Translational Neuroscience, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Rachel Berman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Molecular Virology and Translational Neuroscience, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Mackenzie Collins
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Molecular Virology and Translational Neuroscience, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ilker K. Sariyer
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Inflammation, Center for Neurovirology and Gene Editing, School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Michael R. Nonnemacher
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Molecular Virology and Translational Neuroscience, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Brian Wigdahl
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Molecular Virology and Translational Neuroscience, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- *Correspondence: Brian Wigdahl,
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11
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Blanco R, Gómez de Cedrón M, Gámez-Reche L, Martín-Leal A, González-Martín A, Lacalle RA, Ramírez de Molina A, Mañes S. The Chemokine Receptor CCR5 Links Memory CD4 + T Cell Metabolism to T Cell Antigen Receptor Nanoclustering. Front Immunol 2021; 12:722320. [PMID: 34950130 PMCID: PMC8688711 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.722320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The inhibition of anabolic pathways, such as aerobic glycolysis, is a metabolic cornerstone of memory T cell differentiation and function. However, the signals that hamper these anabolic pathways are not completely known. Recent evidence pinpoints the chemokine receptor CCR5 as an important player in CD4+ T cell memory responses by regulating T cell antigen receptor (TCR) nanoclustering in an antigen-independent manner. This paper reports that CCR5 specifically restrains aerobic glycolysis in memory-like CD4+ T cells, but not in effector CD4+ T cells. CCR5-deficient memory CD4+ T cells thus show an abnormally high glycolytic/oxidative metabolism ratio. No CCR5-dependent change in glucose uptake nor in the expression of the main glucose transporters was detected in any of the examined cell types, although CCR5-deficient memory cells did show increased expression of the hexokinase 2 and pyruvate kinase M2 isoforms, plus the concomitant downregulation of Bcl-6, a transcriptional repressor of these key glycolytic enzymes. Further, the TCR nanoclustering defects observed in CCR5-deficient antigen-experienced CD4+ T cells were partially reversed by incubation with 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG), suggesting a link between inhibition of the glycolytic pathway and TCR nanoscopic organization. Indeed, the treatment of CCR5-deficient lymphoblasts with 2-DG enhanced IL-2 production after antigen re-stimulation. These results identify CCR5 as an important regulator of the metabolic fitness of memory CD4+ T cells, and reveal an unexpected link between T cell metabolism and TCR organization with potential influence on the response of memory T cells upon antigen re-encounter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Blanco
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB/CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Gómez de Cedrón
- Precision Nutrition and Cancer Program, Molecular Oncology Group, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Gámez-Reche
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB/CSIC), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, and Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (IIB/CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Martín-Leal
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB/CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alicia González-Martín
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, and Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (IIB/CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa A Lacalle
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB/CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Ramírez de Molina
- Precision Nutrition and Cancer Program, Molecular Oncology Group, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Santos Mañes
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB/CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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12
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Picton ACP, Paximadis M, Koor GW, Bharuthram A, Shalekoff S, Lassauniere R, Ive P, Tiemessen CT. Reduced CCR5 Expression and Immune Quiescence in Black South African HIV-1 Controllers. Front Immunol 2021; 12:781263. [PMID: 34987508 PMCID: PMC8720782 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.781263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Unique Individuals who exhibit either suppressive HIV-1 control, or the ability to maintain low viral load set-points and preserve their CD4+ T cell counts for extended time periods in the absence of antiretroviral therapy, are broadly termed HIV-1 controllers. We assessed the extent to which black South African controllers (n=9), differ from uninfected healthy controls (HCs, n=22) in terms of lymphocyte and monocyte CCR5 expression (density and frequency of CCR5-expressing cells), immune activation as well as peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) mitogen-induced chemokine/cytokine production. In addition, relative CD4+ T cell CCR5 mRNA expression was assessed in a larger group of controllers (n=20) compared to HCs (n=10) and HIV-1 progressors (n=12). Despite controllers having significantly higher frequencies of activated CD4+ and CD8+ T cells (HLA-DR+) compared to HCs, CCR5 density was significantly lower in these T cell populations (P=0.039 and P=0.064, respectively). This lower CCR5 density was largely attributable to controllers with higher VLs (>400 RNA copies/ml). Significantly lower CD4+ T cell CCR5 density in controllers was maintained (P=0.036) when HCs (n=12) and controllers (n=9) were matched for age. CD4+ T cell CCR5 mRNA expression was significantly less in controllers compared to HCs (P=0.007) and progressors (P=0.002), whereas HCs and progressors were similar (P=0.223). The levels of soluble CD14 in plasma did not differ between controllers and HCs, suggesting no demonstrable monocyte activation. While controllers had lower monocyte CCR5 density compared to the HCs (P=0.02), significance was lost when groups were age-matched (P=0.804). However, when groups were matched for both CCR5 promoter haplotype and age (n=6 for both) reduced CCR5 density on monocytes in controllers relative to HCs was highly significant (P=0.009). Phytohemagglutinin-stimulated PBMCs from the controllers produced significantly less CCL3 (P=0.029), CCL4 (P=0.008) and IL-10 (P=0.028) compared to the HCs, which was largely attributable to the controllers with lower VLs (<400 RNA copies/ml). Our findings support a hypothesis of an inherent (genetic) predisposition to lower CCR5 expression in individuals who naturally control HIV-1, as has been suggested for Caucasian controllers, and thus, likely involves a mechanism shared between ethnically divergent population groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anabela C. P. Picton
- Centre for HIV and STIs, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Maria Paximadis
- Centre for HIV and STIs, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Virology, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- *Correspondence: Maria Paximadis,
| | - Gemma W. Koor
- Centre for HIV and STIs, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Virology, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Avani Bharuthram
- Centre for HIV and STIs, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Virology, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Sharon Shalekoff
- Centre for HIV and STIs, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Virology, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Ria Lassauniere
- Virus Research and Development Laboratory, Department of Virus and Microbiological Special Diagnostics, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Prudence Ive
- Department of Virology, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Clinical HIV Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Caroline T. Tiemessen
- Centre for HIV and STIs, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Virology, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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13
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Yu W, Ye T, Ding J, Huang Y, Peng Y, Xia Q, Cuntai Z. miR-4456/CCL3/CCR5 Pathway in the Pathogenesis of Tight Junction Impairment in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:551839. [PMID: 33953665 PMCID: PMC8089484 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.551839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cigarette smoke exposure (CSE) is a major cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The smoke disrupts cell-cell adhesion by inducing epithelial barrier damage to the tight junction (TJ) proteins. Even though the inflammatory mechanism of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 3 (CCL3) in COPD has gained increasing attention in the research community, however, the underlying signaling pathway, remains unknown. Objectives: To identify the relationship of CCL3 in the pathogenesis of tight junction impairment in COPD and the pathway through which CSE causes damage to TJ in COPD via CCL3, both in vivo and in vitro. Methods: We screened the inflammatory factors in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy controls and patients at each GOLD 1-4 stage of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. RT-PCR, western blot, and ELISA were used to detect the levels of CCL3, ZO-1, and occludin after Cigarette smoke exposure. Immunofluorescence was applied to examine the impairment of the TJs in 16-HBE and A549 cells. The reverse assay was used to detect the effect of a CCR5 antagonist (DAPTA) in COPD. In the CSE-induced COPD mouse model, H&E staining and lung function tests were used to evaluate the pathological and physical states in each group. Immunofluorescence was used to assess the impairment of TJs in each group. ELISA and RT-PCR were used to examine the mRNA or protein expression of CCL3 or miR-4456 in each group. Results: The in vivo and in vitro results showed that CCL3 expression was increased in COPD compared with healthy controls. CCL3 caused significant injury to TJs through its C-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5), while miR-4456 could suppress the effect of CCL3 on TJs by binding to the 3′-UTR of CCL3. Conclusion: miR-4456/CCL3/CCR5 pathway may be a potential target pathway for the treatment of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Yu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ting Ye
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Ding
- Urology Department of Xin Hua Hospital, Xin Hua Hospital Affliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Peng
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qin Xia
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhang Cuntai
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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14
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Influence of the Antiretroviral Regimen on the Early Changes in Plasma HIV RNA and Immune Activation at Initiation of Antiretroviral Therapy in Naïve HIV-1-Infected Patients. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2021; 86:e146-e149. [PMID: 33351528 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000002594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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15
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Liu S, Liu N, Wang H, Zhang X, Yao Y, Zhang S, Shi L. CCR5 Promoter Polymorphisms Associated With Pulmonary Tuberculosis in a Chinese Han Population. Front Immunol 2021; 11:544548. [PMID: 33679683 PMCID: PMC7935552 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.544548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tuberculosis (TB), an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is a major public health concern. Chemokines and their receptors, such as RANTES, CXCR3, and CCR5, have been reported to play important roles in cell activation and migration in immune responses against TB infection. Methods To understand the correlations involving CCR5 gene variations, M. tuberculosis infection, and TB disease progression, a case-control study comprising 450 patients with TB and 306 healthy controls from a Chinese Han population was conducted, along with the detection of polymorphisms in the CCR5 promoter using a sequencing method. Results After adjustment for age and gender, the results of logistic analysis indicated that the frequency of rs2734648-G was significantly higher in the TB patient group (P = 0.002, OR = 1.38, 95% CI: 1.123-1.696); meanwhile, rs2734648-GG showed notable susceptibility to TB (P = 6.32E-06, OR = 2.173, 95% CI: 1.546-3.056 in a recessive model). The genotypic frequency of rs1799987 also varied between the TB and control groups (P = 0.008). In stratified analysis, rs2734648-GG significantly increased susceptibility to pulmonary TB in a recessive model (P < 0.0001, OR = 2.382, 95% CI: 1.663-3.413), and the rs2734648-G allele significantly increased susceptibility to TB recurrence in a dominant model (P = 0.0032, OR = 1.936, 95% CI: 1.221-3.068), whereas rs1799987-AA was associated with susceptibility to pulmonary TB (P = 0.0078, OR = 1.678, 95% CI: 1.141-2.495 in a recessive model) but not with extra-pulmonary TB and TB recurrence. A haplotype constructed with the major alleles of the eight SNPs in the CCR5 promoter (rs2227010-rs2856758-rs2734648-rs1799987-rs1799988-rs41469351-rs1800023-rs1800024: A-A-G-G-T-C-G-C) exhibited extraordinarily increased risk of susceptibility to TB and pulmonary TB (P = 6.33E-11, OR = 24.887, 95% CI: 6.081-101.841). Conclusion In conclusion, CCR5 promoter polymorphisms were found to be associated with pulmonary TB and TB progression in Chinese Han people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyuan Liu
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Nannan Liu
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Hui Wang
- The Third People's Hospital of Kunming, Kunming, China
| | - Xinwen Zhang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Yufeng Yao
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
| | | | - Li Shi
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
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16
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Martín‐Leal A, Blanco R, Casas J, Sáez ME, Rodríguez‐Bovolenta E, de Rojas I, Drechsler C, Real LM, Fabrias G, Ruíz A, Castro M, Schamel WWA, Alarcón B, van Santen HM, Mañes S. CCR5 deficiency impairs CD4 + T-cell memory responses and antigenic sensitivity through increased ceramide synthesis. EMBO J 2020; 39:e104749. [PMID: 32525588 PMCID: PMC7396835 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020104749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
CCR5 is not only a coreceptor for HIV-1 infection in CD4+ T cells, but also contributes to their functional fitness. Here, we show that by limiting transcription of specific ceramide synthases, CCR5 signaling reduces ceramide levels and thereby increases T-cell antigen receptor (TCR) nanoclustering in antigen-experienced mouse and human CD4+ T cells. This activity is CCR5-specific and independent of CCR5 co-stimulatory activity. CCR5-deficient mice showed reduced production of high-affinity class-switched antibodies, but only after antigen rechallenge, which implies an impaired memory CD4+ T-cell response. This study identifies a CCR5 function in the generation of CD4+ T-cell memory responses and establishes an antigen-independent mechanism that regulates TCR nanoclustering by altering specific lipid species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Martín‐Leal
- Department of Immunology and OncologyCentro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB/CSIC)MadridSpain
| | - Raquel Blanco
- Department of Immunology and OncologyCentro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB/CSIC)MadridSpain
| | - Josefina Casas
- Department of Biological ChemistryInstitute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC‐CSIC)BarcelonaSpain
- CIBER Liver and Digestive Diseases (CIBER‐EDH)Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
| | - María E Sáez
- Centro Andaluz de Estudios Bioinformáticos (CAEBi)SevilleSpain
| | - Elena Rodríguez‐Bovolenta
- Department of Cell Biology and ImmunologyCentro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO/CSIC)MadridSpain
| | - Itziar de Rojas
- Alzheimer Research CenterMemory Clinic of the Fundació ACEInstitut Català de Neurociències AplicadesBarcelonaSpain
| | - Carina Drechsler
- Signaling Research Centers BIOSS and CIBSSUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
- Department of ImmunologyFaculty of BiologyUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
- Institute for Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | - Luis Miguel Real
- Unit of Infectious Diseases and MicrobiologyHospital Universitario de ValmeSevilleSpain
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and ImmunologySchool of MedicineUniversidad de MálagaMálagaSpain
| | - Gemma Fabrias
- Department of Biological ChemistryInstitute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC‐CSIC)BarcelonaSpain
- CIBER Liver and Digestive Diseases (CIBER‐EDH)Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
| | - Agustín Ruíz
- Alzheimer Research CenterMemory Clinic of the Fundació ACEInstitut Català de Neurociències AplicadesBarcelonaSpain
- CIBER Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED)Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
| | - Mario Castro
- Interdisciplinary Group of Complex SystemsEscuela Técnica Superior de IngenieríaUniversidad Pontificia ComillasMadridSpain
| | - Wolfgang WA Schamel
- Signaling Research Centers BIOSS and CIBSSUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
- Department of ImmunologyFaculty of BiologyUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
- Centre for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI)University of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | - Balbino Alarcón
- Department of Cell Biology and ImmunologyCentro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO/CSIC)MadridSpain
| | - Hisse M van Santen
- Department of Cell Biology and ImmunologyCentro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO/CSIC)MadridSpain
| | - Santos Mañes
- Department of Immunology and OncologyCentro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB/CSIC)MadridSpain
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17
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Long J, Chen J, Wang Q, Gao F, Lian M, Zhang P, Yang Y, Zhu H. NFAT activating protein with ITAM motif 1 (NFAM1) is upregulated on circulating monocytes in coronary artery disease and potentially correlated with monocyte chemotaxis. Atherosclerosis 2020; 307:39-51. [PMID: 32711213 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2020.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Circulating monocytes have been proven to be critical mediators in the propagation and progression of atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction. The present study was designed to characterise a new transmembrane protein-NFAT activating protein with ITAM motif 1 (NFAM1)-on monocytes and uncover the potential effects and underlying mechanisms in coronary artery disease. METHODS Monocytes from a population of four controls, five stable coronary artery disease patients and five acute coronary syndrome patients were isolated for RNA sequencing. A potential monocyte biomarker molecule was discovered and then validated with a group of 79 controls, 70 stable coronary artery disease patients and 183 acute coronary syndrome patients. A stable cell line was generated as an in vitro model to determine chemotaxis migration and chemokine receptor expression. RESULTS NFAM1 was identified through RNA sequencing analysis. The validation results confirmed that NFAM1 expression on monocytes was significantly increased by coronary artery disease status. A higher expression level of NFAM1 on classical and intermediate monocytes was observed compared with that on nonclassical monocytes. As shown in the in vitro cell model, knockdown of NFAM1 significantly attenuated chemotactic migration of monocytes by downregulating chemokine receptor expression and the p38 MAPK signalling pathway. Multivariable regression analysis of a group of 16 individuals suggested that NFAM1 was positively correlated with CCR2 expression. CONCLUSIONS The present study reported for the first time that distinctive alterations of NFAM1 expression on monocytes may correlate with atherosclerosis pathobiology and serve as a potential monocyte biomarker and therapeutic target for coronary artery disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Long
- State Key Laboratory for Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jiemei Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qingchun Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Center of Translational Mongolian Medicine, Inner Mongolia Hospital of International Mongolian Medicine, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Feng Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Ming Lian
- Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuejin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Haibo Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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Carvalho-Silva WHV, Andrade-Santos JL, Guedes MCDS, Crovella S, Guimarães RL. CCR5 genotype and pre-treatment CD4+ T-cell count influence immunological recovery of HIV-positive patients during antiretroviral therapy. Gene 2020; 741:144568. [PMID: 32165289 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study was performed to assess the association of CCR5Δ32 and SDF1-3'A polymorphisms with immunological recovery failure and to investigate the influence of sociodemographic and clinical data on immune reconstitution in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients during antiretroviral therapy (ART). Two hundred and forty-eight HIV-positive patients under ART with undetectable plasma viral load (<40 copies/mL) were enrolled in this study and classified into two groups according to their CD4+ T-cell count changes: immunological responders (CD4+ T-cell count gain ≥ 200/µL or ≥ 30% compared with baseline) and immunological non-responders (CD4+ T-cell count gain < 200/µL or < 30% compared with baseline). DNA extraction was performed followed by CCR5Δ32 and SDF1-3'A genotyping. Sociodemographic and clinical data were evaluated from medical records. The logistic regression model showed that heterozygosity for CCR5Δ32 allele and lower pre-treatment CD4+ T-cell count (<500 cells/µL) were statistically associated with immunological recovery failure (OR = 5.873, 95%CI = 1.204-28.633, P = 0.028 and OR = 10.00, 95%CI = 3.224-31.016, P = 0.028, respectively). No association of SDF1-3'A polymorphism with immune reconstitution failure was found. Additionally, we observed that there was a statistically significant difference between lower CD4+ T-cell count and INR status than the IR group (Z = 4.687, P < 0.001). Our results demonstrated, through a logistic regression model, that CCR5Δ32 polymorphism and pre-treatment CD4+ T-cell count have significant influence on immune reconstitution of HIV-positive patients during ART. These findings highlight some immunological factors associated with poor CD4+ T-lymphocytes recovery, which affect immune response level of ART-treated HIV-positive patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José Leandro Andrade-Santos
- Laboratory of Immunopathology Keizo Asami (LIKA), Federal University of Pernambuco - UFPE, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil; Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco - UFPE, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Maria Carolina Dos Santos Guedes
- Laboratory of Immunopathology Keizo Asami (LIKA), Federal University of Pernambuco - UFPE, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil; Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco - UFPE, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Sergio Crovella
- Laboratory of Immunopathology Keizo Asami (LIKA), Federal University of Pernambuco - UFPE, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil; Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco - UFPE, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Rafael Lima Guimarães
- Laboratory of Immunopathology Keizo Asami (LIKA), Federal University of Pernambuco - UFPE, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil; Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco - UFPE, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
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Harel A, Horng S, Gustafson T, Ramineni A, Farber RS, Fabian M. Successful treatment of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy with recombinant interleukin-7 and maraviroc in a patient with idiopathic CD4 lymphocytopenia. J Neurovirol 2018; 24:652-655. [PMID: 29987583 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-018-0657-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a rapidly progressive, often fatal viral infection of the brain without a known treatment. Recently, case reports have demonstrated survival from PML with therapies that improve cell-mediated immunity, including interleukin-7 (IL-7) or the chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5) antagonist, maraviroc (MVC). We present the first known case of a patient with PML successfully treated with both IL-7 and MVC. A 63-year-old woman presented to our center with a 6-month history of progressive left hemiparesis. Extensive laboratory testing was negative except for a severe CD4 lymphocytopenia (140/μL). Serial brain MRIs done prior to presentation revealed an enlarging, non-enhancing T2-hyperintense lesion in the right fronto-parietal white matter. PML was confirmed through detection of the JC virus by PCR in the cerebrospinal fluid and by brain biopsy, and she was started on mirtazapine and mefloquine. She continued to deteriorate and was then given a course of recombinant IL-7. Though she remained clinically stable after IL-7 treatment and serum JCV PCR decreased from 1000 copies/mL to a nadir of 238 copies/mL, a repeat MRI 3 months later showed lesion enlargement. MVC was then initiated. Now, more than 2 years after initial presentation, she remains stable and serum JCV PCR is undetectable. This case demonstrates successful treatment of PML in a patient with idiopathic CD4 lymphocytopenia and highlights the potential benefits of IL-7 and MVC in the treatment of PML. Treatment with IL-7 and MVC led to clinical stability and improvement in JC virus titers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asaff Harel
- Mount Sinai Hospital, 5 East 98th Street, Suite 1138, New York, NY, 10029, USA. .,Lenox Hill Hospital, 130 East 77th Street, 8th Floor, New York, NY, 10075, USA.
| | - Sam Horng
- Mount Sinai Hospital, 5 East 98th Street, Suite 1138, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Tarah Gustafson
- Mount Sinai Hospital, 5 East 98th Street, Suite 1138, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Anil Ramineni
- Mount Sinai Hospital, 5 East 98th Street, Suite 1138, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Rebecca Straus Farber
- Mount Sinai Hospital, 5 East 98th Street, Suite 1138, New York, NY, 10029, USA.,Columbia University Medical Center, 710 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Michelle Fabian
- Mount Sinai Hospital, 5 East 98th Street, Suite 1138, New York, NY, 10029, USA
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20
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Lacalle RA, Blanco R, Carmona-Rodríguez L, Martín-Leal A, Mira E, Mañes S. Chemokine Receptor Signaling and the Hallmarks of Cancer. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 331:181-244. [PMID: 28325212 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2016.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The chemokines are a family of chemotactic cytokines that mediate their activity by acting on seven-transmembrane-spanning G protein-coupled receptors. Both the ability of the chemokines and their receptors to form homo- and heterodimers and the promiscuity of the chemokine-chemokine receptor interaction endow this protein family with enormous signaling plasticity and complexity that are not fully understood at present. Chemokines were initially identified as essential regulators of homeostatic and inflammatory trafficking of innate and adaptive leucocytes from lymphoid organs to tissues. Chemokines also mediate the host response to cancer. Nevertheless, chemokine function in this response is not limited to regulating leucocyte infiltration into the tumor microenvironment. It is now known that chemokines and their receptors influence most-if not all-hallmark processes of cancer; they act on both neoplastic and untransformed cells in the tumor microenvironment, including fibroblasts, endothelial cells (blood and lymphatic), bone marrow-derived stem cells, and, obviously, infiltrating leucocytes. This review begins with an overview of chemokine and chemokine receptor structure, to better define how chemokines affect the proliferation, survival, stemness, and metastatic potential of neoplastic cells. We also examine the main mechanisms by which chemokines regulate tumor angiogenesis and immune cell infiltration, emphasizing the pro- and antitumorigenic activity of this protein superfamily in these interrelated processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Lacalle
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - R Blanco
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - A Martín-Leal
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - E Mira
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - S Mañes
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Madrid, Spain.
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Martin-Blondel G, Brassat D, Bauer J, Lassmann H, Liblau RS. CCR5 blockade for neuroinflammatory diseases — beyond control of HIV. Nat Rev Neurol 2016; 12:95-105. [DOI: 10.1038/nrneurol.2015.248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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22
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Huckans M, Fuller BE, Chalker ALN, Adams M, Loftis JM. Plasma Inflammatory Factors Are Associated with Anxiety, Depression, and Cognitive Problems in Adults with and without Methamphetamine Dependence: An Exploratory Protein Array Study. Front Psychiatry 2015; 6:178. [PMID: 26732994 PMCID: PMC4683192 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2015.00178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES It is hypothesized that immune factors influence addictive behaviors and contribute to relapse. The primary study objectives were to (1) compare neuropsychiatric symptoms across adults with active methamphetamine (MA) dependence, in early remission from MA dependence, and with no history of substance dependence, (2) determine whether active or recent MA dependence affects the expression of immune factors, and (3) evaluate the association between immune factor levels and neuropsychiatric symptoms. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted using between group comparisons and regression analyses to investigate associations among variables. Eighty-four adults were recruited into control (CTL) (n = 31), MA-active (n = 17), or MA-remission (n = 36) groups. Participants completed self-report measures of anxiety, depression, and memory complaints and objective tests of attention and executive function. Blood samples were collected, and a panel of immune factors was measured using multiplex technology. RESULTS Relative to CTLs, MA-dependent adults evidenced greater anxiety and depression during active use (p < 0.001) and remission (p < 0.007), and more attention, memory, and executive problems during remission (p < 0.01) but not active dependence. Regression analyses identified 10 immune factors (putatively associated with cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions) associated with anxiety, depression, and memory problems. CONCLUSION While psychiatric symptoms are present during active MA dependence and remission, at least some cognitive difficulties emerge only during remission. Altered expression of a network of immune factors contributes to neuropsychiatric symptom severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilyn Huckans
- Research and Development Service, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA
- Mental Health and Clinical Neurosciences Division, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Methamphetamine Abuse Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Bret E. Fuller
- Research and Development Service, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA
- Mental Health and Clinical Neurosciences Division, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Alison L. N. Chalker
- Research and Development Service, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Madeleine Adams
- Research and Development Service, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Jennifer M. Loftis
- Research and Development Service, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Methamphetamine Abuse Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
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Epigenetic mechanisms, T-cell activation, and CCR5 genetics interact to regulate T-cell expression of CCR5, the major HIV-1 coreceptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:E4762-71. [PMID: 26307764 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1423228112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
T-cell expression levels of CC chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) are a critical determinant of HIV/AIDS susceptibility, and manifest wide variations (i) between T-cell subsets and among individuals and (ii) in T-cell activation-induced increases in expression levels. We demonstrate that a unifying mechanism for this variation is differences in constitutive and T-cell activation-induced DNA methylation status of CCR5 cis-regulatory regions (cis-regions). Commencing at an evolutionarily conserved CpG (CpG -41), CCR5 cis-regions manifest lower vs. higher methylation in T cells with higher vs. lower CCR5 levels (memory vs. naïve T cells) and in memory T cells with higher vs. lower CCR5 levels. HIV-related and in vitro induced T-cell activation is associated with demethylation of these cis-regions. CCR5 haplotypes associated with increased vs. decreased gene/surface expression levels and HIV/AIDS susceptibility magnify vs. dampen T-cell activation-associated demethylation. Methylation status of CCR5 intron 2 explains a larger proportion of the variation in CCR5 levels than genotype or T-cell activation. The ancestral, protective CCR5-HHA haplotype bears a polymorphism at CpG -41 that is (i) specific to southern Africa, (ii) abrogates binding of the transcription factor CREB1 to this cis-region, and (iii) exhibits a trend for overrepresentation in persons with reduced susceptibility to HIV and disease progression. Genotypes lacking the CCR5-Δ32 mutation but with hypermethylated cis-regions have CCR5 levels similar to genotypes heterozygous for CCR5-Δ32. In HIV-infected individuals, CCR5 cis-regions remain demethylated, despite restoration of CD4+ counts (≥800 cells per mm(3)) with antiretroviral therapy. Thus, methylation content of CCR5 cis-regions is a central epigenetic determinant of T-cell CCR5 levels, and possibly HIV-related outcomes.
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van Lelyveld SFL, Drylewicz J, Krikke M, Veel EM, Otto SA, Richter C, Soetekouw R, Prins JM, Brinkman K, Mulder JW, Kroon F, Middel A, Symons J, Wensing AMJ, Nijhuis M, Borghans JAM, Tesselaar K, Hoepelman AIM. Maraviroc Intensification of cART in Patients with Suboptimal Immunological Recovery: A 48-Week, Placebo-Controlled Randomized Trial. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0132430. [PMID: 26208341 PMCID: PMC4514679 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The immunomodulatory effects of the CCR5-antagonist maraviroc might be beneficial in patients with a suboptimal immunological response, but results of different cART (combination antiretroviral therapy) intensification studies are conflicting. Therefore, we performed a 48-week placebo-controlled trial to determine the effect of maraviroc intensification on CD4+ T-cell counts and immune activation in these patients. DESIGN Double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial. METHODS Major inclusion criteria were 1. CD4+ T-cell count <350 cells/μL while at least two years on cART or CD4+ T-cell count <200 cells/μL while at least one year on cART, and 2. viral suppression for at least the previous 6 months. HIV-infected patients were randomized to add maraviroc (41 patients) or placebo (44 patients) to their cART regimen for 48 weeks. Changes in CD4+ T-cell counts (primary endpoint) and other immunological parameters were modeled using linear mixed effects models. RESULTS No significant differences for the modelled increase in CD4+ T-cell count (placebo 15.3 CD4+ T cells/μL (95% confidence interval (CI) [1.0, 29.5] versus maraviroc arm 22.9 CD4+ T cells/μL (95% CI [7.4, 38.5] p = 0.51) or alterations in the expression of markers for T-cell activation, proliferation and microbial translocation were found between the arms. However, maraviroc intensification did increase the percentage of CCR5 expressing CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells, and the plasma levels of the CCR5 ligand MIP-1β. In contrast, the percentage of ex-vivo apoptotic CD8+ and CD4+ T-cells decreased in the maraviroc arm. CONCLUSIONS Maraviroc intensification of cART did not increase CD4+ T-cell restoration or decrease immune activation as compared to placebo. However, ex-vivo T-cell apoptosis was decreased in the maraviroc arm. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00875368.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven F. L. van Lelyveld
- Department of Internal Medicine & Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine & Gastroenterology, Spaarne Gasthuis, Haarlem, The Netherlands
| | - Julia Drylewicz
- Department of Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maaike Krikke
- Department of Internal Medicine & Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen M. Veel
- Department of Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sigrid A. Otto
- Department of Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Clemens Richter
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, The Netherlands
| | - Robin Soetekouw
- Department of Internal Medicine & Gastroenterology, Spaarne Gasthuis, Haarlem, The Netherlands
| | - Jan M. Prins
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Center for Infection and Immunity, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kees Brinkman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Willem Mulder
- Department of Internal Medicine, Slotervaart Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frank Kroon
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ananja Middel
- Department of Internal Medicine & Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jori Symons
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Annemarie M. J. Wensing
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Monique Nijhuis
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - José A. M. Borghans
- Department of Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Kiki Tesselaar
- Department of Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Andy I. M. Hoepelman
- Department of Internal Medicine & Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Mikucki ME, Fisher DT, Matsuzaki J, Skitzki JJ, Gaulin NB, Muhitch JB, Ku AW, Frelinger JG, Odunsi K, Gajewski TF, Luster AD, Evans SS. Non-redundant requirement for CXCR3 signalling during tumoricidal T-cell trafficking across tumour vascular checkpoints. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7458. [PMID: 26109379 PMCID: PMC4605273 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 329] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
T-cell trafficking at vascular sites has emerged as a key step in antitumour immunity. Chemokines are credited with guiding the multistep recruitment of CD8(+) T cells across tumour vessels. However, the multiplicity of chemokines within tumours has obscured the contributions of individual chemokine receptor/chemokine pairs to this process. Moreover, recent studies have challenged whether T cells require chemokine receptor signalling at effector sites. Here we investigate the hierarchy of chemokine receptor requirements during T-cell trafficking to murine and human melanoma. These studies reveal a non-redundant role for Gαi-coupled CXCR3 in stabilizing intravascular adhesion and extravasation of adoptively transferred CD8(+) effectors that is indispensable for therapeutic efficacy. In contrast, functional CCR2 and CCR5 on CD8(+) effectors fail to support trafficking despite the presence of intratumoral cognate chemokines. Taken together, these studies identify CXCR3-mediated trafficking at the tumour vascular interface as a critical checkpoint to effective T-cell-based cancer immunotherapy.
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MESH Headings
- Adoptive Transfer
- Animals
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/physiology
- Cell Movement
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Melanoma/metabolism
- Melanoma, Experimental/genetics
- Melanoma, Experimental/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Transgenic
- Neoplasms/blood supply
- Ovalbumin/genetics
- Ovalbumin/metabolism
- Receptors, CCR2/genetics
- Receptors, CCR2/metabolism
- Receptors, CCR5/genetics
- Receptors, CCR5/metabolism
- Receptors, CXCR3/genetics
- Receptors, CXCR3/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- ME Mikucki
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY
| | - DT Fisher
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY
| | - J Matsuzaki
- Center for Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY
| | - JJ Skitzki
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY
| | - NB Gaulin
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY
| | - JB Muhitch
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY
| | - AW Ku
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY
| | - JG Frelinger
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center and the Wilmot Cancer Center, Rochester, NY
| | - K Odunsi
- Center for Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY
| | - TF Gajewski
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago
- Comprehensive Cancer Center and Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago
| | - AD Luster
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - SS Evans
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY
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Massa C, Thomas C, Wang E, Marincola F, Seliger B. Different maturation cocktails provide dendritic cells with different chemoattractive properties. J Transl Med 2015; 13:175. [PMID: 26695182 PMCID: PMC4467838 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-015-0528-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dendritic cells (DC) are currently implemented as immunotherapeutic strategy for the treatment of tumor patients based on their central role in the immune system. Despite good results were obtained in vitro and in animal models, their clinical use has provided limited success suggesting the requirement to optimise the protocol for their production. Methods A cDNA array was performed on FastDC obtained from the differentiation of human peripheral blood monocytes stimulated with the clinical gold standard or with two alternative maturation cocktails combining interferon (IFN)γ and ligands for different toll like receptors (TLR). Results A stronger modulation of the DC transcriptome with respect to immature DC was found in alternatively stimulated DC when compared to DC stimulated with the clinical gold standard. A major class of molecules differentially expressed using distinct DC stimulation protocols were chemokines. Validation of their differential expression pattern at the mRNA and protein level confirmed the secretion of inflammatory chemokines by the alternative DC. Functional analyses of the chemotactic properties of DC “wash out” supernatants highlighted the ability of alternative, but not of gold standard DC to efficiently recruit immune cells with a prevalence of monocytes. Effector cells belonging to the innate as well as adaptive immunity were also attracted and the interaction with alternative DC resulted in enhanced secretion of IFNγ and induction of cytotoxic activity. Using leukocytes from cancer patients, it was demonstrated that the monocyte-attracting activity targeted cells with an inflammatory phenotype characterised by high levels of HLA-DR expression. Conclusions Despite other classes of immune modulatory genes differently expressed in the alternative DC require to be investigated and characterised regarding their functional consequences, the reduced maturation state and chemoattractive properties of the gold standard versus alternative DC clearly promote the necessity to change the clinically used maturation cocktail of DC in order to improve the outcome of patients treated with DC-based vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Massa
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger str. 2, 06112, Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Carolin Thomas
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger str. 2, 06112, Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Ena Wang
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, National Institute of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, USA. .,Sidra Medical and Research Center, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Francesco Marincola
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, National Institute of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, USA. .,Sidra Medical and Research Center, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Barbara Seliger
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger str. 2, 06112, Halle (Saale), Germany.
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Haas MK, Levy DN, Folkvord JM, Connick E. Distinct patterns of Bcl-2 expression occur in R5- and X4-tropic HIV-1-producing lymphoid tissue cells infected ex vivo. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2015; 31:298-304. [PMID: 25353356 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2014.0155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Most HIV-1 replication occurs in secondary lymphoid tissues in T cells within B cell follicles. Mechanisms underlying the accumulation of HIV-1-producing cells at these sites are not understood. Antiapoptotic proteins such as Bcl-2 could promote follicular CD4(+) T cell survival, contributing to sustained virus production. Tonsils obtained from subjects without known HIV infection were disaggregated and analyzed for Bcl-2 expression in follicular (CXCR5(+)) and extrafollicular (CXCR5(-)) CD3(+)CD4(+) cells by flow cytometry. Additional tonsil cells were cultured with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and interleukin-2 (IL-2) for 2 days, infected with either CCR5(R5) or CXCR4-tropic (X4) GFP reporter viruses, and analyzed for Bcl-2 expression. In freshly disaggregated CD3(+)CD4(+) tonsil cells, mean florescence intensity (MFI) for Bcl-2 was higher in CXCR5(+) (median, 292) compared to CXCR5(-) cells (median, 194; p=0.001). Following in vitro stimulation with PHA and IL-2, Bcl-2 MFI was higher in both CXCR5(+) cells (median, 757; p=0.03) and CXCR5(-) cells (median, 884; p=0.002) in uninfected cultures compared to freshly isolated tonsil cells. Bcl-2 MFI was higher in GFP(+)CD3(+)CD8(-) R5-producing cells (median, 554) than in X4-producing cells (median, 393; p=0.02). Bcl-2 MFI was higher in R5-producing CXCR5(+) cells (median, 840) compared to all other subsets including R5-producing CXCR5(-) cells (median, 524; p=0.04), X4-producing CXCR5(+) cells (median, 401; p=0.02), and X4-producing CXCR5(-) cells (median, 332; p=0.008). Bcl-2 expression is elevated in R5 HIV-1-producing CXCR5(+) T cells in vitro, which may contribute to propagation of R5 virus in B cell follicles in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle K. Haas
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver, Aurora, Colorado
- Denver Public Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - David N. Levy
- College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, New York
| | - Joy M. Folkvord
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Elizabeth Connick
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver, Aurora, Colorado
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Ward ST, Li KK, Hepburn E, Weston CJ, Curbishley SM, Reynolds GM, Hejmadi RK, Bicknell R, Eksteen B, Ismail T, Rot A, Adams DH. The effects of CCR5 inhibition on regulatory T-cell recruitment to colorectal cancer. Br J Cancer 2014; 112:319-28. [PMID: 25405854 PMCID: PMC4301825 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regulatory T cells (Treg) are enriched in human colorectal cancer (CRC) where they suppress anti-tumour immunity. The chemokine receptor CCR5 has been implicated in the recruitment of Treg from blood into CRC and tumour growth is delayed in CCR5-/- mice, associated with reduced tumour Treg infiltration. METHODS Tissue and blood samples were obtained from patients undergoing resection of CRC. Tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes were phenotyped for chemokine receptors using flow cytometry. The presence of tissue chemokines was assessed. Standard chemotaxis and suppression assays were performed and the effects of CCR5 blockade were tested in murine tumour models. RESULTS Functional CCR5 was highly expressed by human CRC infiltrating Treg and CCR5(high) Treg were more suppressive than their CCR5(low) Treg counterparts. Human CRC-Treg were more proliferative and activated than other T cells suggesting that local proliferation could provide an alternative explanation for the observed tumour Treg enrichment. Pharmacological inhibition of CCR5 failed to reduce tumour Treg infiltration in murine tumour models although it did result in delayed tumour growth. CONCLUSIONS CCR5 inhibition does not mediate anti-tumour effects as a consequence of inhibiting Treg recruitment. Other mechanisms must be found to explain this effect. This has important implications for anti-CCR5 therapy in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- S T Ward
- Centre for Liver Research & NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Unit, Level 5 Institute for Biomedical Research, University of Birmingham, Vincent Drive, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - K K Li
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Liver Biomedical Research Unit (BRU), University of Birmingham, Vincent Drive, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - E Hepburn
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Liver Biomedical Research Unit (BRU), University of Birmingham, Vincent Drive, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - C J Weston
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Liver Biomedical Research Unit (BRU), University of Birmingham, Vincent Drive, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - S M Curbishley
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Liver Biomedical Research Unit (BRU), University of Birmingham, Vincent Drive, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - G M Reynolds
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Liver Biomedical Research Unit (BRU), University of Birmingham, Vincent Drive, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - R K Hejmadi
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Mindelsohn Way, Birmingham B15 2WW, UK
| | - R Bicknell
- Institute for Biomedical Research, University of Birmingham, Vincent Drive, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - B Eksteen
- Snyder Institute, University of Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - T Ismail
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Mindelsohn Way, Birmingham B15 2WW, UK
| | - A Rot
- Institute for Biomedical Research, University of Birmingham, Vincent Drive, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - D H Adams
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Liver Biomedical Research Unit (BRU), University of Birmingham, Vincent Drive, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
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Harris D, Liang Y, Chen C, Li S, Patel O, Qin Z. Bone marrow from blotchy mice is dispensable to regulate blood copper and aortic pathologies but required for inflammatory mediator production in LDLR-deficient mice during chronic angiotensin II infusion. Ann Vasc Surg 2014; 29:328-40. [PMID: 25449986 DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2014.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Revised: 09/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The blotchy mouse caused by mutations of ATP7A develops low blood copper and aortic aneurysm and rupture. Although the aortic pathologies are believed primarily due to congenital copper deficiencies in connective tissue, perinatal copper supplementation does not produce significant therapeutic effects, hinting additional mechanisms in the symptom development, such as an independent effect of the ATP7A mutations during adulthood. METHODS We investigated if bone marrow from blotchy mice contributes to these symptoms. For these experiments, bone marrow from blotchy mice (blotchy marrow group) and healthy littermate controls (control marrow group) was used to reconstitute recipient mice (irradiated male low-density lipoprotein receptor -/- mice), which were then infused with angiotensin II (1,000 ng/kg/min) for 4 weeks. RESULTS By using Mann-Whitney U test, our results showed that there was no significant difference in the copper concentrations in plasma and hematopoietic cells between these 2 groups. And plasma level of triglycerides was significantly reduced in blotchy marrow group compared with that in control marrow group (P < 0.05), whereas there were no significant differences in cholesterol and phospholipids between these 2 groups. Furthermore, a bead-based multiplex immunoassay showed that macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1β, monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1, MCP-3, MCP-5, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP)-1, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A production was significantly reduced in the plasma of blotchy marrow group compared with that in control marrow group (P < 0.05). More important, although angiotensin II infusion increased maximal external aortic diameters in thoracic and abdominal segments, there was no significant difference in the aortic diameters between these 2 groups. Furthermore, aortic ruptures, including transmural breaks of the elastic laminae in the abdominal segment and lethal rupture in the thoracic segment, were observed in blotchy marrow group but not in control marrow group; however, there was no significant difference in the incidence of aortic ruptures between these 2 groups (P = 0.10; Fisher's exact test). CONCLUSIONS Overall, our study indicated that the effect of bone marrow from blotchy mice during adulthood is dispensable in the regulation of blood copper, plasma cholesterol and phospholipids levels, and aortic pathologies, but contributes to a reduction of MIP-1β, MCP-1, MCP-3, MCP-5, TIMP-1, and VEGF-A production and triglycerides concentration in plasma. Our study also hints that bone marrow transplantation cannot serve as an independent treatment option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devon Harris
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
| | - Yuanyuan Liang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
| | - Cang Chen
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
| | - Senlin Li
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
| | - Om Patel
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
| | - Zhenyu Qin
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX.
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Schneider BE, Behrends J, Hagens K, Harmel N, Shayman JA, Schaible UE. Lysosomal phospholipase A2: A novel player in host immunity toMycobacterium tuberculosis. Eur J Immunol 2014; 44:2394-404. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.201344383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Revised: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bianca E. Schneider
- Department of Molecular Infection Biology, Cellular Microbiology; Research Center Borstel; Borstel Germany
- Department of Immunology and Infection; Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases; London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine; London UK
| | - Jochen Behrends
- Department of Molecular Infection Biology, Cellular Microbiology; Research Center Borstel; Borstel Germany
| | - Kristine Hagens
- Department of Molecular Infection Biology, Cellular Microbiology; Research Center Borstel; Borstel Germany
| | - Nadine Harmel
- Department of Molecular Infection Biology, Cellular Microbiology; Research Center Borstel; Borstel Germany
| | - James A. Shayman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology Division; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor MI USA
| | - Ulrich E. Schaible
- Department of Molecular Infection Biology, Cellular Microbiology; Research Center Borstel; Borstel Germany
- Department of Immunology and Infection; Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases; London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine; London UK
- German Centre for Infection Research; TTU-TB; Borstel Germany
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Pozo-Balado MM, Martínez-Bonet M, Rosado I, Ruiz-Mateos E, Méndez-Lagares G, Rodríguez-Méndez MM, Vidal F, Muñoz-Fernández MA, Pacheco YM, Leal M. Maraviroc reduces the regulatory T-cell frequency in antiretroviral-naive HIV-infected subjects. J Infect Dis 2014; 210:890-8. [PMID: 24652492 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiu180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maraviroc is the first antiretroviral (ART) drug to target a human protein, the CCR5 coreceptor; however, the mechanisms of maraviroc-associated immunomodulation in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected subjects remain to be elucidated. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a key role in HIV-associated immunopathology and are susceptible to maraviroc-mediated CCR5 blockade. Our aim was to evaluate the effect of maraviroc on Tregs. METHODS We compared the effect of maraviroc-containing or -sparing combination ART (cART) on Tregs in ART-naive, HIV-infected subjects. Tregs were characterized as CD4(+)CD25(hi)FoxP3(+) on day 0, 8, and 30. Additional analysis on week 48 was performed in a subgroup of patients. The potential reduction in the frequency of Tregs among maraviroc-treated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was also tested in vitro. The suppressive function of Tregs was also analyzed in maraviroc-treated Tregs. RESULTS We found that maraviroc significantly reduced the Treg frequency in both the short term and 1 year after treatment initiation. In vitro experiments showed a dose-dependent reduction in the Treg frequency after treatment of PBMCs with maraviroc, although their in vitro suppressive function was not altered. CONCLUSIONS These findings partially explain maraviroc-associated immunomodulatory effects and open new therapeutic expectations for the development of Treg-depleting immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Mar Pozo-Balado
- Laboratory of Immunovirology, Clinic Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, IBiS, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital/CSIC/University of Seville
| | - Marta Martínez-Bonet
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunobiology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañon, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isaac Rosado
- Laboratory of Immunovirology, Clinic Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, IBiS, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital/CSIC/University of Seville
| | - Ezequiel Ruiz-Mateos
- Laboratory of Immunovirology, Clinic Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, IBiS, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital/CSIC/University of Seville
| | - Gema Méndez-Lagares
- Laboratory of Immunovirology, Clinic Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, IBiS, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital/CSIC/University of Seville Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis
| | - María Mar Rodríguez-Méndez
- Laboratory of Immunovirology, Clinic Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, IBiS, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital/CSIC/University of Seville
| | - Francisco Vidal
- Infectious Diseases and HIV/AIDS Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, IISPV, Spain
| | | | - Yolanda María Pacheco
- Laboratory of Immunovirology, Clinic Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, IBiS, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital/CSIC/University of Seville
| | - Manuel Leal
- Laboratory of Immunovirology, Clinic Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, IBiS, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital/CSIC/University of Seville
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Huckans M, Fuller BE, Olavarria H, Sasaki AW, Chang M, Flora KD, Kolessar M, Kriz D, Anderson JR, Vandenbark AA, Loftis JM. Multi-analyte profile analysis of plasma immune proteins: altered expression of peripheral immune factors is associated with neuropsychiatric symptom severity in adults with and without chronic hepatitis C virus infection. Brain Behav 2014; 4:123-42. [PMID: 24683507 PMCID: PMC3967530 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Revised: 11/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to characterize hepatitis C virus (HCV)-associated differences in the expression of 47 inflammatory factors and to evaluate the potential role of peripheral immune activation in HCV-associated neuropsychiatric symptoms-depression, anxiety, fatigue, and pain. An additional objective was to evaluate the role of immune factor dysregulation in the expression of specific neuropsychiatric symptoms to identify biomarkers that may be relevant to the treatment of these neuropsychiatric symptoms in adults with or without HCV. MethodsBlood samples and neuropsychiatric symptom severity scales were collected from HCV-infected adults (HCV+, n = 39) and demographically similar noninfected controls (HCV-, n = 40). Multi-analyte profile analysis was used to evaluate plasma biomarkers. ResultsCompared with HCV- controls, HCV+ adults reported significantly (P < 0.050) greater depression, anxiety, fatigue, and pain, and they were more likely to present with an increased inflammatory profile as indicated by significantly higher plasma levels of 40% (19/47) of the factors assessed (21%, after correcting for multiple comparisons). Within the HCV+ group, but not within the HCV- group, an increased inflammatory profile (indicated by the number of immune factors > the LDC) significantly correlated with depression, anxiety, and pain. Within the total sample, neuropsychiatric symptom severity was significantly predicted by protein signatures consisting of 4-10 plasma immune factors; protein signatures significantly accounted for 19-40% of the variance in depression, anxiety, fatigue, and pain. ConclusionsOverall, the results demonstrate that altered expression of a network of plasma immune factors contributes to neuropsychiatric symptom severity. These findings offer new biomarkers to potentially facilitate pharmacotherapeutic development and to increase our understanding of the molecular pathways associated with neuropsychiatric symptoms in adults with or without HCV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilyn Huckans
- Research & Development Service, Portland VA Medical Center3710 SW U.S. Veterans Hospital Rd., Portland, Oregon, 97239, USA
- Mental Health and Clinical Neurosciences Division, Portland VA Medical Center3710 SW U.S. Veterans Hospital Rd., Portland, Oregon, 97239, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, Oregon, 97239, USA
| | - Bret E Fuller
- Research & Development Service, Portland VA Medical Center3710 SW U.S. Veterans Hospital Rd., Portland, Oregon, 97239, USA
- Mental Health and Clinical Neurosciences Division, Portland VA Medical Center3710 SW U.S. Veterans Hospital Rd., Portland, Oregon, 97239, USA
| | - Hannah Olavarria
- Research & Development Service, Portland VA Medical Center3710 SW U.S. Veterans Hospital Rd., Portland, Oregon, 97239, USA
| | - Anna W Sasaki
- Gastroenterology Service, Portland VA Medical Center3710 SW US Veterans Hospital Rd., Portland, Oregon, 97239, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, Oregon, 97239, USA
| | - Michael Chang
- Gastroenterology Service, Portland VA Medical Center3710 SW US Veterans Hospital Rd., Portland, Oregon, 97239, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, Oregon, 97239, USA
| | - Kenneth D Flora
- Portland Gastroenterology Division, Oregon Clinic9280 SE Sunnybrook Blvd., Clackamas, Oregon, 97015, USA
| | - Michael Kolessar
- School of Professional Psychology, Pacific University190 SE 8th Ave., Hillsboro, Oregon, 97123, USA
| | - Daniel Kriz
- School of Professional Psychology, Pacific University190 SE 8th Ave., Hillsboro, Oregon, 97123, USA
| | - Jeanne R Anderson
- School of Professional Psychology, Pacific University190 SE 8th Ave., Hillsboro, Oregon, 97123, USA
| | - Arthur A Vandenbark
- Research & Development Service, Portland VA Medical Center3710 SW U.S. Veterans Hospital Rd., Portland, Oregon, 97239, USA
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, Oregon, 97239, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, Oregon, 97239, USA
| | - Jennifer M Loftis
- Research & Development Service, Portland VA Medical Center3710 SW U.S. Veterans Hospital Rd., Portland, Oregon, 97239, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, Oregon, 97239, USA
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Hull R, Dlamini Z. The role played by alternative splicing in antigenic variability in human endo-parasites. Parasit Vectors 2014; 7:53. [PMID: 24472559 PMCID: PMC4015677 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-7-53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Endo-parasites that affect humans include Plasmodium, the causative agent of malaria, which remains one of the leading causes of death in human beings. Despite decades of research, vaccines to this and other endo-parasites remain elusive. This is in part due to the hyper-variability of the parasites surface proteins. Generally these surface proteins are encoded by a large family of genes, with only one being dominantly expressed at certain life stages. Another layer of complexity can be introduced through the alternative splicing of these surface proteins. The resulting isoforms may differ from each other with regard to cell localisation, substrate affinities and functions. They may even differ in structure to the extent that they are no longer recognised by the host’s immune system. In many cases this leads to changes in the N terminus of these proteins. The geographical localisation of endo-parasitic infections around the tropics and the highest incidences of HIV-1 infection in the same areas, adds a further layer of complexity as parasitic infections affect the host immune system resulting in higher HIV infection rates, faster disease progression, and an increase in the severity of infections and complications in HIV diagnosis. This review discusses some examples of parasite surface proteins that are alternatively spliced in trypanosomes, Plasmodium and the parasitic worm Schistosoma as well as what role alternate splicing may play in the interaction between HIV and these endo-parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zodwa Dlamini
- University of South Africa, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, C/o Christiaan de Wet and Pioneer Avenue, Private Bag X6, Florida Science Campus, Florida, Johannesburg 1710, South Africa.
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Kawana-Tachikawa A, Llibre JM, Bravo I, Escrig R, Mothe B, Puig J, Puertas MC, Martinez-Picado J, Blanco J, Manzardo C, Miro JM, Iwamoto A, Pozniak AL, Gatell JM, Clotet B, Brander C. Effect of maraviroc intensification on HIV-1-specific T cell immunity in recently HIV-1-infected individuals. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87334. [PMID: 24475275 PMCID: PMC3903883 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The effect of maraviroc on the maintenance and the function of HIV-1-specific T cell responses remains unknown. Methods Subjects recently infected with HIV-1 were randomized to receive anti-retroviral treatment with or without maraviroc intensification for 48 weeks, and were monitored up to week 60. PBMC and in vitro-expanded T cells were tested for responses to the entire HIV proteome by ELISpot analyses. Intracellular cytokine staining assays were conducted to monitor the (poly)-functionality of HIV-1-specific T cells. Analyses were performed at baseline and week 24 after treatment start, and at week 60 (3 months after maraviroc discontinuation). Results Maraviroc intensification was associated with a slower decay of virus-specific T cell responses over time compared to the non-intensified regimen in both direct ex-vivo as well as in in-vitro expanded cells. The effector function profiles of virus-specific CD8+ T cells were indistinguishable between the two arms and did not change over time between the groups. Conclusions Maraviroc did not negatively impact any of the measured parameters, but was rather associated with a prolonged maintenance of HIV-1-specific T cell responses. Maraviroc, in addition to its original effect as viral entry inhibitor, may provide an additional benefit on the maintenance of virus-specific T cells which may be especially important for future viral eradication strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Kawana-Tachikawa
- Irsicaixa AIDS Research Institute – HIVACAT, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Advanced Clinical Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Josep M. Llibre
- Lluita contra la SIDA Foundation, HIV Unit, University Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, UAB, Badalona, Spain
| | - Isabel Bravo
- Lluita contra la SIDA Foundation, HIV Unit, University Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, UAB, Badalona, Spain
| | - Roser Escrig
- Lluita contra la SIDA Foundation, HIV Unit, University Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, UAB, Badalona, Spain
| | - Beatriz Mothe
- Irsicaixa AIDS Research Institute – HIVACAT, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
- Lluita contra la SIDA Foundation, HIV Unit, University Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, UAB, Badalona, Spain
- University of Vic, Vic, Spain
| | - Jordi Puig
- Lluita contra la SIDA Foundation, HIV Unit, University Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, UAB, Badalona, Spain
| | - Maria C. Puertas
- Irsicaixa AIDS Research Institute – HIVACAT, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | - Javier Martinez-Picado
- Irsicaixa AIDS Research Institute – HIVACAT, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
- University of Vic, Vic, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avancats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julia Blanco
- Irsicaixa AIDS Research Institute – HIVACAT, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
- University of Vic, Vic, Spain
| | | | - Jose M. Miro
- Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aikichi Iwamoto
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Advanced Clinical Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Anton L. Pozniak
- HIV/GUM Department, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jose M. Gatell
- Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bonaventura Clotet
- Irsicaixa AIDS Research Institute – HIVACAT, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
- Lluita contra la SIDA Foundation, HIV Unit, University Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, UAB, Badalona, Spain
- University of Vic, Vic, Spain
| | - Christian Brander
- Irsicaixa AIDS Research Institute – HIVACAT, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
- University of Vic, Vic, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avancats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Wilson EMP, Sereti I. Immune restoration after antiretroviral therapy: the pitfalls of hasty or incomplete repairs. Immunol Rev 2014; 254:343-54. [PMID: 23772630 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is a life-saving intervention in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Immune restoration after ART dramatically reduces the incidence and severity of opportunistic diseases and death. On some occasions, immune restoration may be erratic, leading to acute inflammatory responses (known as immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome) shortly after ART initiation, or incomplete, with residual inflammation despite chronic treatment, leading to non-infectious morbidity and mortality. We propose that ART may not always restore the perfect balance of innate and adaptive immunity in strategic milieus, predisposing HIV-infected persons to complications of acute or chronic inflammation. The best current strategy for fully successful immune restoration is early antiretroviral therapy, which can prevent acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-associated events, restrict cell subset imbalances and dysfunction, while preserving structural integrity of lymphoid tissues. Future HIV research should capitalize on innovative techniques and move beyond the static study of T-cell subsets in peripheral blood or isolated tissues. Improved targeted therapeutic strategies could stem from a better understanding of how HIV perturbs the environmental niches and the mobility and trafficking of cells that affect the dynamic cell-to-cell interactions and determine the outcome of innate and adaptive immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor M P Wilson
- HIV Pathogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, NIAID/NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Flanagan CA. Receptor Conformation and Constitutive Activity in CCR5 Chemokine Receptor Function and HIV Infection. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY 2014; 70:215-63. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-417197-8.00008-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Taiwo B, Barcena L, Tressler R. Understanding and controlling chronic immune activation in the HIV-infected patients suppressed on combination antiretroviral therapy. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep 2013; 10:21-32. [PMID: 23225316 DOI: 10.1007/s11904-012-0147-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) has resulted in tremendous gains in survival among HIV-infected patients, but as a group those who achieve undetectable viral loads on cART experience a greater degree of immune activation and inflammation than the general population. HIV-infected patients continue to experience premature immune senescence with earlier and more frequent non-AIDS events compared to HIV-uninfected individuals. Chronic immune activation during suppressive cART derives from a variety of sources mediated by cytokines, chemokines, coagulation, microbial translocation, immune regulators and T(effector) cell activation abnormalities, among others. Current investigational strategies to control immune activation target potential causes of persistently heightened immune activation during cART such as microbial translocation, co-infections, and comorbidities or mediators along a common final pathway. Although several interventions have shown promise in vitro or in preliminary clinical trials, no intervention has sufficient evidence for routine use, making control of immune activation during cART an unmet need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babafemi Taiwo
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 645 North Michigan Avenue, Suite 900, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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Shikonin Suppresses Human T Lymphocyte Activation through Inhibition of IKK β Activity and JNK Phosphorylation. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:379536. [PMID: 23762128 PMCID: PMC3670545 DOI: 10.1155/2013/379536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The key role of T cells has been elaborated in mediating immune responses and pathogenesis of human inflammatory and autoimmune conditions. In the current study the effect of shikonin, a compound isolated from a medicinal plant, on inhibition of T-cell activation was firstly examined by using primary human T lymphocytes isolated from buffy coat. Results showed that shikonin dose dependently suppressed T-cell proliferation, IL-2 and IFN-γ secretion, CD69 and CD25 expression, as well as cell cycle arrest activated by costimulation of PMA/ionomycin or OKT-3/CD28 monoclonal antibodies. Moreover, these inhibitory responses mediated by shikonin were found to be associated with suppression of the NF-κB signaling pathway via inhibition of the IKKα/β phosphorylation, IκB-α phosphorylation and degradation, and NF-κB nuclear translocation by directly decreasing IKKβ activity. Moreover, shikonin suppressed JNK phosphorylation in the MAPKs pathway of T cells. In this connection, we conclude that shikonin could suppress T lymphocyte activation through suppressing IKKβ activity and JNK signaling, which suggests that shikonin is valuable for further investigation as a potential immunosuppressive agent.
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Higuita EA, Jaimes FA, Rugeles MT, Montoya CJ. In vivo effect of statins on the expression of the HIV co-receptors CCR5 and CXCR4. AIDS Res Ther 2013; 10:10. [PMID: 23634877 PMCID: PMC3668251 DOI: 10.1186/1742-6405-10-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2012] [Accepted: 04/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the HIV-1 replication cycle, several molecules including chemokine receptors and cholesterol are crucial, and are therefore potential targets for therapeutic intervention. Indeed statins, compounds that inhibit cellular synthesis of cholesterol and have anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties were shown to inhibit HIV-1 infection by R5 tropic strains but not by X4 strains in vitro, mainly by altering the chemokine receptor/ligands axes. Therefore, the objective of this study was to characterize in vivo, the capacity of statins to modulate in HIV seronegative and chronically HIV-1-infected adults the expression of CCR5 and CXCR4, of their ligands and the tropism of circulating HIV-1 strains. METHODS Samples from asymptomatic HIV-1-infected adults enrolled in a clinical trial aimed at evaluating the antiretroviral activity of lovastatin were used to evaluate in vivo the modulation by lovastatin of CCR5, CXCR4, their ligands, and the shift in plasma viral tropism over one year of intervention. In addition, ten HIV negative adults received a daily oral dose of 40 mg of lovastatin or 20 mg of atorvastatin; seven other HIV negative individuals who received no treatment were followed as controls. The frequency and phenotype of immune cells were determined by flow-cytometry; mRNA levels of chemokine receptors and their ligands were determined by real-time PCR. Viral tropism was determined by PCR and sequencing, applying the clonal and clinical model of analyses. RESULTS Our study shows that long-term administration of lovastatin in HIV-infected individuals does not induce a shift in viral tropism, or induce a significant modulation of CCR5 and CXCR4 on immune cells in HIV-infected patients. Similar results were found in HIV seronegative control subjects, treated with lovastatin or atorvastatin, but a significant increase in CCL3 and CCL4 transcription was observed in these individuals. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that long-term administration of statins at therapeutic doses, does not significantly affect the expression of HIV-1 co-receptors or of their ligands. In addition it is important to point out that based on the results obtained, therapeutic administration of statins in HIV-infected patients with lipid disorders is safe in terms of selecting X4 strains.
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Patel OV, Wilson WB, Qin Z. Production of LPS-induced inflammatory mediators in murine peritoneal macrophages: neocuproine as a broad inhibitor and ATP7A as a selective regulator. Biometals 2013; 26:415-25. [DOI: 10.1007/s10534-013-9624-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2012] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Inflammatory mediator profiling reveals immune properties of chemotactic gradients and macrophage mediator production inhibition during thioglycollate elicited peritoneal inflammation. Mediators Inflamm 2013; 2013:931562. [PMID: 23606798 PMCID: PMC3628185 DOI: 10.1155/2013/931562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2012] [Revised: 02/17/2013] [Accepted: 02/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding of spatiotemporal profiling of inflammatory mediators and their associations with MΦ accumulation is crucial to elucidate the complex immune properties. Here, we used murine thioglycollate elicited peritonitis to determine concentrations of 23 inflammatory mediators in peritoneal exudates and plasma before (day 0) and after (days 1 and 3) thioglycollate administration to peritoneal cavities; these mediators included TNF-α, FGF-9, IFN-γ, IP-10, RANTES, IL-1α, IL-6, IL-7, IL-10, IL-11, IL-12p70, IL-17A, lymphotactin, OSM, KC/GRO, SCF, MIP-1β, MIP-2, TIMP-1, VEGF-A, MCP-1, MCP-3, and MCP-5. Our results showed that concentrations of most mediators in exudates and plasma reached peak levels on day 1 and were significantly reduced on day 3. Conversely, MΦ numbers started to increase on day 1 and reached peak levels on day 3. Moreover, LPS treatment in vitro significantly induced mediator productions in cell culture media and lysates from MΦ isolated on day 3. Our results also showed that on day 0, concentrations of many mediators in plasma were higher than those in exudates, whereas on day 1, the trend was reversed. Overall, the findings from thioglycollate elicited peritonitis reveal that reversible chemotactic gradients between peritoneal exudates and blood exist in basal and inflamed conditions and the inflammatory mediator production in vivo is disassociated with macrophage accumulation during inflammation resolution.
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Arberas H, Guardo AC, Bargalló ME, Maleno MJ, Calvo M, Blanco JL, García F, Gatell JM, Plana M. In vitro effects of the CCR5 inhibitor maraviroc on human T cell function. J Antimicrob Chemother 2012; 68:577-86. [PMID: 23152485 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dks432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several potential immunological benefits have been observed during treatment with the CC chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) antagonist maraviroc, in addition to its antiviral effect. Our objective was to analyse the in vitro effects of CCR5 blockade on T lymphocyte function and homeostasis. METHODS Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from both HIV-negative (n=28) and treated HIV-positive (n=27) individuals were exposed in vitro to different concentrations of maraviroc (0.1-100 μM). Effects on T cell activation were analysed by measuring the expression of the CD69, CD38, HLA-DR and CD25 receptors as well as CCR5 density using flow cytometry. Spontaneous and chemokine-induced chemotaxis were measured by transwell migration assays, and polyclonal-induced proliferation was assessed by a lymphoproliferation assay and carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester staining. RESULTS Maraviroc increases CCR5 surface expression on activated T cells, even at low doses (0.1 μM). Slight differences were detected in the frequency and mean fluorescence intensity of activation markers at high concentrations of maraviroc. Expression of CD25, CD38 and HLA-DR tended to decrease in both CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes, whereas expression of CD69 tended to increase. Maraviroc clearly inhibits T cell migration induced by chemokines in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, at 100 μM, maraviroc tends to inhibit T cell proliferation. CONCLUSIONS These data showed that in vitro exposure to maraviroc decreases some activation expression markers on T lymphocytes and also migration towards chemoattractants. These results support the additional immunological effects of CCR5 blockade and suggest that maraviroc might have potential capacity to inhibit HIV-associated chronic inflammation and activation, both by directly affecting T cell activation and by reducing entrapment of lymphocytes in lymph nodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Arberas
- Retrovirology and Viral Immunopathology Laboratory, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Villarroel 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
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Portales P, Psomas KC, Tuaillon E, Mura T, Vendrell JP, Eliaou JF, Reynes J, Corbeau P. The intensity of immune activation is linked to the level of CCR5 expression in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected persons. Immunology 2012; 137:89-97. [PMID: 22862553 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2012.03609.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune activation is a main driver of AIDS- and non-AIDS-linked morbidities in the course of HIV-1 infection. As CCR5, the main HIV-1 co-receptor, is not only a chemokine receptor but also a co-activation molecule expressed at the surface of T cells, it could be directly involved in this immune activation. To test this hypothesis, we measured by flow cytometry the mean number of CCR5 molecules at the surface of non-activated CD4(+) T cells (CCR5 density), which determines the intensity of CCR5 signalling, and the percentage of CD8(+) T cells over-expressing CD38 (CD38 expression), a major marker of immune activation, in the blood of 67 HIV-1-infected, non-treated individuals. CCR5 density was correlated with CD38 expression independently of viral load (P=0.016). CCR5 density remained unchanged after highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) introduction or cessation, whereas CD38 expression decreased and increased, respectively. Moreover, pre-therapeutic CCR5 density was highly predictive (r=0.736, P<10(-4) ) of residual CD38 over-expression after 9 months of HAART. Hence, CCR5 might play an immunological role in HIV-1 infection as a driver of immune activation. This could explain why CCR5 antagonists may have an inhibitory effect on immune activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Portales
- Département d'Immunologie, CHU de Montpellier, Université Montpellier 1, Montpellier, France
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Westrop SJ, Moyle G, Jackson A, Nelson M, Mandalia S, Imami N. CCR5 antagonism impacts vaccination response and immune profile in HIV-1 infection. Mol Med 2012; 18:1240-8. [PMID: 22875102 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2012.00206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2012] [Accepted: 08/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Maraviroc (MVC) is the first licensed antiretroviral therapeutic agent to target a host cell surface molecule, and successful HIV-1 entry blockade by this C-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5)-antagonist potentiates immunomodulation. We hypothesized that MVC intensification impacts immunization responses, T-cell phenotype, function and delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) in HIV-1(+) subjects. A 24-wk, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study of the addition of MVC to suppressive antiretroviral therapy in HIV-1(+) persons was performed. Subjects received DTH tests, intramuscular tetanus, meningococcal and oral cholera immunizations. Antibody titers, T-cell function and phenotype were assessed. Of 157 patients referred, 47 were randomized 1:1; MVC:placebo. MVC enhanced meningococcal neo-immunization, blunted cholera response and expedited lymphoproliferation to tetanus boost, without affecting recall humoral response. Anti-HIV-1 group-specific antigen (Gag) and tetanus toxoid (TTox) function improved significantly, HIV-1-associated CD8 T-cell skewing normalized, and the percentage of late-stage and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II expressing CD4 T-cells increased. Activated CD4(+) CD38(+) human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR(+) T-cells declined, and costimulation shifted to coinhibition. DTH was unchanged. Maraviroc intensification, through antagonism of the cell surface molecule CCR5, favorably influences immune profiles of HIV-1(+) patients, supporting its immunomodulatory use in HIV-1 infection and potentially in other immunologically relevant settings.
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Picton ACP, Shalekoff S, Paximadis M, Tiemessen CT. Marked differences in CCR5 expression and activation levels in two South African populations. Immunology 2012; 136:397-407. [PMID: 22509959 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2012.03592.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The chemokine receptor CCR5 is pivotal in determining an individual's susceptibility to HIV-1 infection and rate of disease progression. To establish whether population-based differences exist in cell surface expression of CCR5 we evaluated the extent of CCR5 expression across all peripheral blood cell types in individuals from two populations, South African Africans (SAA) and South African Caucasians (SAC). Significant differences in CCR5 expression, both in number of CCR5 molecules per cell (density) and the percentage of CCR5-expressing cells, were observed between the two study groups, within all cell subsets. Most notably, the percentage of all CCR5(+) cell subsets was significantly lower in SAC compared with SAA individuals (P < 0·01) among natural killer (NK) -cell subsets (CD56(+) , CD16(+) CD56(+) and CD56(dim) ) whereas CCR5 density was significantly higher in SAC compared with SAA individuals in CCR5(+) CD8(+) T-cell subsets and CCR5(+) NK-cell subsets (CD56(+) , CD16(+) CD56(+) and CD56(dim) ) (all P < 0·05). These relationships were maintained after exclusion of CCR5Δ32 heterozygous individuals (n = 7) from the SAC dataset. The SAA individuals exhibited significantly higher cell activation levels, as measured by HLA-DR expression, than SAC individuals in CD4(+) T-cell subsets (P = 0·002) and CD56(+) NK-cell subsets (P < 0·001). This study serves to demonstrate that ethnically divergent populations show marked differences in both cell activation and CCR5 expression, which are likely to impact on both susceptibility to HIV-1 infection and the rate of HIV-1 disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anabela C P Picton
- Centre for HIV and STIs, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Bhattarai N, McLinden JH, Xiang J, Kaufman TM, Stapleton JT. GB virus C envelope protein E2 inhibits TCR-induced IL-2 production and alters IL-2-signaling pathways. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 189:2211-6. [PMID: 22844114 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1201324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
GB virus type C (GBV-C) viremia is associated with reduced CD4+ T cell expansion following IL-2 therapy and with a reduction in T cell activation in HIV-infected individuals. The mechanism(s) by which GBV-C might alter T cell activation or IL-2 signaling have not been studied. In this study, we assess IL-2 release, IL-2R expression, IL-2 signaling, and cell proliferation in tet-off Jurkat cells expressing the GBV-C envelope glycoprotein (E2) following activation through the TCR. TCR activation was induced by incubation in anti-CD3/CD28 Abs. IL-2 release was measured by ELISA, STAT5 phosphorylation was assessed by immunoblot, and IL-2Rα (CD25) expression and cell proliferation were determined by flow cytometry. IL-2 and IL-2Rα steady-state mRNA levels were measured by real-time PCR. GBV-C E2 expression significantly inhibited IL-2 release, CD25 expression, STAT5 phosphorylation, and cellular proliferation in Jurkat cells following activation through the TCR compared with control cell lines. Reducing E2 expression by doxycycline reversed the inhibitory effects observed in the E2-expressing cells. The N-terminal 219 aa of E2 was sufficient to inhibit IL-2 signaling. Addition of purified recombinant GBV-C E2 protein to primary human CD4+ and CD8+ T cells inhibited TCR activation-induced IL-2 release and upregulation of IL-2Rα expression. These data provide evidence that the GBV-C E2 protein may contribute to the block in CD4+ T cell expansion following IL-2 therapy in HIV-infected individuals. Furthermore, the effects of GBV-C on IL-2 and IL-2-signaling pathways may contribute to the reduction in chronic immune activation observed in GBV-C/HIV-coinfected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirjal Bhattarai
- Iowa City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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Wilkin TJ, Lalama CM, McKinnon J, Gandhi RT, Lin N, Landay A, Ribaudo H, Fox L, Currier JS, Mellors JW, Gulick R, Tenorio AR. A pilot trial of adding maraviroc to suppressive antiretroviral therapy for suboptimal CD4⁺ T-cell recovery despite sustained virologic suppression: ACTG A5256. J Infect Dis 2012; 206:534-42. [PMID: 22740718 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jis376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite viral suppression, antiretroviral therapy (ART) does not restore CD4(+) T-cell counts in many patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). METHODS In a single-arm pilot trial involving ART recipients with suppressed plasma levels of HIV-1 RNA for at least 48 weeks and stable suboptimal CD4(+) T-cell recovery, subjects added maraviroc, a CCR5 antagonist, to their existing ART for 24 weeks. After stopping maraviroc, they were followed for an additional 24 weeks. A Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to evaluate whether maraviroc was associated with an increase of at least 20 cells/µL in the CD4(+) T-cell count. RESULTS A total of 34 subjects were enrolled. The median age was 50 years, and the median baseline CD4(+) T-cell count was 153 cells/µL. The median increase in CD4(+) T-cell count from baseline to week 22/24 was 12 cells/µL (90% confidence interval, 1-22). A CD4(+) T-cell count increase of at least 20 cells/µL was not detected (P = .97). Markers of immune activation and apoptosis decreased during maraviroc intensification; this decline partially reversed after discontinuing maraviroc. CONCLUSIONS Adding maraviroc to suppressive ART for 24 weeks was not associated with an increase in CD4(+) T-cell counts of at least 20 cells/µL. Further studies of CCR5 antagonists in the dampening of immune activation associated with HIV infection are warranted. Clinical Trials Registration. NCT 00709111.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Wilkin
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10011, USA.
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HIV RNA suppression and immune restoration: can we do better? Clin Dev Immunol 2012; 2012:515962. [PMID: 22489250 PMCID: PMC3318265 DOI: 10.1155/2012/515962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2011] [Revised: 01/02/2012] [Accepted: 01/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
HAART has significantly changed the natural history of HIV infection: patients receiving antiretrovirals are usually able to control viremia, even though not all virological responders adequately recover their CD4+ count. The reasons for poor immune restoration are only partially known and they include genetic, demographic and immunologic factors. A crucial element affecting immune recovery is immune activation, related to residual viremia; indeed, a suboptimal virological control (i.e., low levels of plasma HIV RNA) has been related with higher levels of chronic inflammation and all-cause mortality. The sources of residual viremia are not yet completely known, even though the most important one is represented by latently infected cells. Several methods, including 2-LTR HIV DNA and unspliced HIV RNA measurement, have been developed to estimate residual viremia and predict the outcome of antiretroviral therapy. Considering that poor immunologic responders are exposed to a higher risk of both AIDS-related and non-AIDS-related diseases, there is a need of new therapeutic strategies, including immunomodulators and drugs targeting the latent viral reservoirs, in order to face residual viremia but also to “drive” the host immunologic responses.
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Taaffe JE, Bosinger SE, Del Prete GQ, Else JG, Ratcliffe S, Ward CD, Migone T, Paiardini M, Silvestri G. CCR5 blockade is well tolerated and induces changes in the tissue distribution of CCR5+ and CD25+ T cells in healthy, SIV-uninfected rhesus macaques. J Med Primatol 2011; 41:24-42. [PMID: 22077380 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0684.2011.00521.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CCR5 is a main co-receptor for HIV, but also homes lymphocytes to sites of inflammation. We hypothesized that inhibition of CCR5 signaling would reduce HIV-associated chronic immune activation. METHODS To test this hypothesis, we administered an antagonistic anti-CCR5 monoclonal antibody (HGS101) to five uninfected rhesus macaques (RMs) and monitored lymphocyte dynamics in blood and tissue. RESULTS CCR5 blockade resulted in decreased levels of CCR5+ T cells in blood and, at later timepoints, in lymph nodes. Additionally, the levels of CD25+ T cells increased in lymph nodes, but decreased in blood, bone marrow, and rectal mucosa. Finally, a profile of gene expression from HGS101-treated RMs revealed a subtle, but consistent, in vivo signature of CCR5 blockade that suggests a mild immune-modulatory effect. CONCLUSIONS Treatment with anti-CCR5 antibody induces changes in the tissue distribution of CCR5+ and CD25+ T cells that may impact on the overall levels of immune activation during HIV and SIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica E Taaffe
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
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Mamtani M, Mummidi S, Ramsuran V, Pham MH, Maldonado R, Begum K, Valera MS, Sanchez R, Castiblanco J, Kulkarni H, Ndung'u T, He W, Anaya JM, Ahuja SK. Influence of variations in CCL3L1 and CCR5 on tuberculosis in a northwestern Colombian population. J Infect Dis 2011; 203:1590-4. [PMID: 21592988 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jir145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the association of polymorphisms in CCR5, the major human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 coreceptor, and copy number of its potent ligand CCL3L1 with tuberculosis in 298 individuals from Colombia. The CCR5-HHD haplotype, a known genetic determinant of increased susceptibility to HIV-AIDS, and a high copy number of CCL3L1, a known genetic determinant of enhanced CCL3/CCL3L1 chemokine expression, each associated with presence of tuberculosis. Furthermore, CCR5-HHD was associated with higher CCR5 gene and surface expression. These results substantiate the strong link between the pro-inflammatory effects of CCR5 and its ligands with active tuberculosis and suggest that chemokine-chemokine receptor genetic determinants may influence tuberculosis in addition to HIV/AIDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manju Mamtani
- The Veterans Administration Center for AIDS and HIV-1 infection and Center for Personalized Medicine, South Texas Veterans Health Care System and Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, USA
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