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Totoń-Żurańska J, Mikolajczyk TP, Saju B, Guzik TJ. Vascular remodelling in cardiovascular diseases: hypertension, oxidation, and inflammation. Clin Sci (Lond) 2024; 138:817-850. [PMID: 38920058 DOI: 10.1042/cs20220797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Optimal vascular structure and function are essential for maintaining the physiological functions of the cardiovascular system. Vascular remodelling involves changes in vessel structure, including its size, shape, cellular and molecular composition. These changes result from multiple risk factors and may be compensatory adaptations to sustain blood vessel function. They occur in diverse cardiovascular pathologies, from hypertension to heart failure and atherosclerosis. Dynamic changes in the endothelium, fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells, pericytes or other vascular wall cells underlie remodelling. In addition, immune cells, including macrophages and lymphocytes, may infiltrate vessels and initiate inflammatory signalling. They contribute to a dynamic interplay between cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, inflammation, and extracellular matrix reorganisation, all critical mechanisms of vascular remodelling. Molecular pathways underlying these processes include growth factors (e.g., vascular endothelial growth factor and platelet-derived growth factor), inflammatory cytokines (e.g., interleukin-1β and tumour necrosis factor-α), reactive oxygen species, and signalling pathways, such as Rho/ROCK, MAPK, and TGF-β/Smad, related to nitric oxide and superoxide biology. MicroRNAs and long noncoding RNAs are crucial epigenetic regulators of gene expression in vascular remodelling. We evaluate these pathways for potential therapeutic targeting from a clinical translational perspective. In summary, vascular remodelling, a coordinated modification of vascular structure and function, is crucial in cardiovascular disease pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Totoń-Żurańska
- Center for Medical Genomics OMICRON, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Tomasz P Mikolajczyk
- Center for Medical Genomics OMICRON, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Blessy Saju
- BHF Centre for Research Excellence, Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K
| | - Tomasz J Guzik
- Center for Medical Genomics OMICRON, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
- BHF Centre for Research Excellence, Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K
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Tighe RM, Birukova A, Malakhau Y, Kobayashi Y, Vose AT, Chandramohan V, Cyphert-Daly JM, Cumming RI, Fradin Kirshner H, Tata PR, Ingram JL, Gunn MD, Que LG, Yu YRA. Altered ontogeny and transcriptomic signatures of tissue-resident pulmonary interstitial macrophages ameliorate allergic airway hyperresponsiveness. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1371764. [PMID: 38983858 PMCID: PMC11231371 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1371764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Environmental exposures and experimental manipulations can alter the ontogenetic composition of tissue-resident macrophages. However, the impact of these alterations on subsequent immune responses, particularly in allergic airway diseases, remains poorly understood. This study aims to elucidate the significance of modified macrophage ontogeny resulting from environmental exposures on allergic airway responses to house dust mite (HDM) allergen. Methods We utilized embryonic lineage labeling to delineate the ontogenetic profile of tissue-resident macrophages at baseline and following the resolution of repeated lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced lung injury. We investigated differences in house dust mite (HDM)-induced allergy to assess the influence of macrophage ontogeny on allergic airway responses. Additionally, we employed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) and immunofluorescent staining to characterize the pulmonary macrophage composition, associated pathways, and tissue localization. Results Our findings demonstrate that the ontogeny of homeostatic alveolar and interstitial macrophages is altered after the resolution from repeated LPS-induced lung injury, leading to the replacement of embryonic-derived by bone marrow-derived macrophages. This shift in macrophage ontogeny is associated with reduced HDM-induced allergic airway responses. Through scRNAseq and immunofluorescent staining, we identified a distinct subset of resident-derived interstitial macrophages expressing genes associated with allergic airway diseases, localized adjacent to terminal bronchi, and diminished by prior LPS exposure. Discussion These results suggest a pivotal role for pulmonary macrophage ontogeny in modulating allergic airway responses. Moreover, our findings highlight the implications of prior environmental exposures in shaping future immune responses and influencing the development of allergies. By elucidating the mechanisms underlying these phenomena, this study provides valuable insights into potential therapeutic targets for allergic airway diseases and avenues for further research into immune modulation and allergic disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Tighe
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | | | - Yuryi Malakhau
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Yoshihiko Kobayashi
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
- Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Aaron T Vose
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | | | | | - R Ian Cumming
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | | | | | | | - Michael D Gunn
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Loretta G Que
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Yen-Rei A Yu
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
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Sun Y, Chen C, Yan Q, Wang S, Tan Y, Long J, Lin Y, Ning S, Wang J, Zhang S, Ai Q, Liu S. A peripheral system disease-Pulmonary hypertension. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 175:116787. [PMID: 38788548 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a cardiovascular disorder characterized by substantial morbidity and mortality rates. It is a chronic condition characterized by intricate pathogenesis and uncontrollable factors. We summarized the pathological effects of estrogen, genetics, neuroinflammation, intestinal microbiota, metabolic reorganization, and histone modification on PH. PH is not only a pulmonary vascular disease, but also a systemic disease. The findings emphasize that the onset of PH is not exclusively confined to the pulmonary vasculature, consequently necessitating treatment approaches that extend beyond targeting pulmonary blood vessels. Hence, the research on the pathological mechanism of PH is not limited to target organs such as pulmonary vessels, but also focuses on exploring other fields (such as estrogen, genetics, neuroinflammation, intestinal microbiota, metabolic reorganization, and histone modification).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Sun
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Qian Yan
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Siying Wang
- Pharmacy Department, Xiangtan Central Hospital, Xiangtan 411100, China
| | - Yong Tan
- Nephrology Department, Xiangtan Central Hospital, Xiangtan 411100, China
| | - Junpeng Long
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Yuting Lin
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Shuangcheng Ning
- Department of Pharmacy, Changsha Hospital for Maternal & Child Health Care Affiliated to Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410007, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Changsha Hospital for Maternal & Child Health Care Affiliated to Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410007, China
| | - Shusheng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Changsha Hospital for Maternal & Child Health Care Affiliated to Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410007, China.
| | - Qidi Ai
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China.
| | - Shasha Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Changsha Hospital for Maternal & Child Health Care Affiliated to Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410007, China.
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Kumar R, Kumar S, Mickael C, Fonseca Balladares D, Nolan K, Lee MH, Sanders L, Nilsson J, Molofsky AB, Tuder RM, Stenmark KR, Graham BB. Interstitial macrophage phenotypes in Schistosoma-induced pulmonary hypertension. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1372957. [PMID: 38779688 PMCID: PMC11109442 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1372957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Schistosomiasis is a common cause of pulmonary hypertension (PH) worldwide. Type 2 inflammation contributes to the development of Schistosoma-induced PH. Specifically, interstitial macrophages (IMs) derived from monocytes play a pivotal role by producing thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1), which in turn activates TGF-β, thereby driving the pathology of PH. Resident and recruited IM subpopulations have recently been identified. We hypothesized that in Schistosoma-PH, one IM subpopulation expresses monocyte recruitment factors, whereas recruited monocytes become a separate IM subpopulation that expresses TSP-1. Methods Mice were intraperitoneally sensitized and then intravenously challenged with S. mansoni eggs. Flow cytometry on lungs and blood was performed on wildtype and reporter mice to identify IM subpopulations and protein expression. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) was performed on flow-sorted IMs from unexposed and at day 1, 3 and 7 following Schistosoma exposure to complement flow cytometry based IM characterization and identify gene expression. Results Flow cytometry and scRNAseq both identified 3 IM subpopulations, characterized by CCR2, MHCII, and FOLR2 expression. Following Schistosoma exposure, the CCR2+ IM subpopulation expanded, suggestive of circulating monocyte recruitment. Schistosoma exposure caused increased monocyte-recruitment ligand CCL2 expression in the resident FOLR2+ IM subpopulation. In contrast, the vascular pathology-driving protein TSP-1 was greatest in the CCR2+ IM subpopulation. Conclusion Schistosoma-induced PH involves crosstalk between IM subpopulations, with increased expression of monocyte recruitment ligands by resident FOLR2+ IMs, and the recruitment of CCR2+ IMs which express TSP-1 that activates TGF-β and causes PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Kumar
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Lung Biology Center, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Sushil Kumar
- Department of Pediatrics and Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Claudia Mickael
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Dara Fonseca Balladares
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Lung Biology Center, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Kevin Nolan
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Lung Biology Center, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Michael H. Lee
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Lung Biology Center, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Linda Sanders
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Julia Nilsson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Ari B. Molofsky
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Rubin M. Tuder
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Kurt R. Stenmark
- Department of Pediatrics and Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Brian B. Graham
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Lung Biology Center, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, CA, United States
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Kumar S, Mickael C, Kumar R, Prasad RR, Campbell NV, Zhang H, Li M, McKeon BA, Allen TE, Graham BB, Yu YRA, Stenmark KR. Single cell transcriptomic analyses reveal diverse and dynamic changes of distinct populations of lung interstitial macrophages in hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1372959. [PMID: 38690277 PMCID: PMC11059952 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1372959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Hypoxia is a common pathological driver contributing to various forms of pulmonary vascular diseases leading to pulmonary hypertension (PH). Pulmonary interstitial macrophages (IMs) play pivotal roles in immune and vascular dysfunction, leading to inflammation, abnormal remodeling, and fibrosis in PH. However, IMs' response to hypoxia and their role in PH progression remain largely unknown. We utilized a murine model of hypoxia-induced PH to investigate the repertoire and functional profiles of IMs in response to acute and prolonged hypoxia, aiming to elucidate their contributions to PH development. Methods We conducted single-cell transcriptomic analyses to characterize the repertoire and functional profiles of murine pulmonary IMs following exposure to hypobaric hypoxia for varying durations (0, 1, 3, 7, and 21 days). Hallmark pathways from the mouse Molecular Signatures Database were utilized to characterize the molecular function of the IM subpopulation in response to hypoxia. Results Our analysis revealed an early acute inflammatory phase during acute hypoxia exposure (Days 1-3), which was resolved by Day 7, followed by a pro-remodeling phase during prolonged hypoxia (Days 7-21). These phases were marked by distinct subpopulations of IMs: MHCIIhiCCR2+EAR2+ cells characterized the acute inflammatory phase, while TLF+VCAM1hi cells dominated the pro-remodeling phase. The acute inflammatory phase exhibited enrichment in interferon-gamma, IL-2, and IL-6 pathways, while the pro-remodeling phase showed dysregulated chemokine production, hemoglobin clearance, and tissue repair profiles, along with activation of distinct complement pathways. Discussion Our findings demonstrate the existence of distinct populations of pulmonary interstitial macrophages corresponding to acute and prolonged hypoxia exposure, pivotal in regulating the inflammatory and remodeling phases of PH pathogenesis. This understanding offers potential avenues for targeted interventions, tailored to specific populations and distinct phases of the disease. Moreover, further identification of triggers for pro-remodeling IMs holds promise in unveiling novel therapeutic strategies for pulmonary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushil Kumar
- Department of Pediatrics and Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Claudia Mickael
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Lung Biology Center, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Ram Raj Prasad
- Department of Pediatrics and Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Nzali V. Campbell
- Department of Pediatrics and Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics and Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Min Li
- Department of Pediatrics and Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - B. Alexandre McKeon
- Department of Pediatrics and Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Thaddeus E. Allen
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Brian B. Graham
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Lung Biology Center, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Yen-Rei A. Yu
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Kurt R. Stenmark
- Department of Pediatrics and Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
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Yuan X, Ruan W, Bobrow B, Carmeliet P, Eltzschig HK. Targeting hypoxia-inducible factors: therapeutic opportunities and challenges. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2024; 23:175-200. [PMID: 38123660 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-023-00848-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are highly conserved transcription factors that are crucial for adaptation of metazoans to limited oxygen availability. Recently, HIF activation and inhibition have emerged as therapeutic targets in various human diseases. Pharmacologically desirable effects of HIF activation include erythropoiesis stimulation, cellular metabolism optimization during hypoxia and adaptive responses during ischaemia and inflammation. By contrast, HIF inhibition has been explored as a therapy for various cancers, retinal neovascularization and pulmonary hypertension. This Review discusses the biochemical mechanisms that control HIF stabilization and the molecular strategies that can be exploited pharmacologically to activate or inhibit HIFs. In addition, we examine medical conditions that benefit from targeting HIFs, the potential side effects of HIF activation or inhibition and future challenges in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Yuan
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Wei Ruan
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Anaesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bentley Bobrow
- Department of Emergency Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Peter Carmeliet
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis & Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis & Vascular Heterogeneity, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Center for Biotechnology, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Holger K Eltzschig
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
- Outcomes Research Consortium, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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Dai L, Chen Y, Wu J, He Z, Zhang Y, Zhang W, Xie Y, Zeng H, Zhong X. A novel complement C3 inhibitor CP40-KK protects against experimental pulmonary arterial hypertension via an inflammasome NLRP3 associated pathway. J Transl Med 2024; 22:164. [PMID: 38365806 PMCID: PMC10870435 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04741-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a severe cardiopulmonary disease characterized by complement dependent and proinflammatory activation of macrophages. However, effective treatment for complement activation in PAH is lacking. We aimed to explore the effect and mechanism of CP40-KK (a newly identified analog of selective complement C3 inhibitor CP40) in the PAH model. METHODS We used western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence staining of lung tissues from the monocrotaline (MCT)-induced rat PAH model to study macrophage infiltration, NLPR3 inflammasome activation, and proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and IL-18) release. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR), ELISA, and CH50 assays were used to test the affinity between CP40-KK and rat/human complement C3. CP40-KK group rats only received CP40-KK (2 mg/kg) by subcutaneous injection at day 15 to day 28 continuously. RESULTS C3a was significantly upregulated in the plasma of MCT-treated rats. SPR, ELISA, and CH50 assays revealed that CP40-KK displayed similar affinity binding to human and rat complement C3. Pharmacological inhibition of complement C3 cleavage (CP40-KK) could ameliorate MCT-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activity, pulmonary vascular remodeling, and right ventricular hypertrophy. Mechanistically, increased proliferation of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells is closely associated with macrophage infiltration, NLPR3 inflammasome activation, and proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and IL-18) release. Besides, C3a enhanced IL-1β activity in macrophages and promoted pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell proliferation in vitro. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that CP40-KK treatment was protective in the MCT-induced rat PAH model, which might serve as a therapeutic option for PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Dai
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Vascular Interventional Therapy, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Vascular Interventional Therapy, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Jinhua Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530000, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhen He
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Vascular Interventional Therapy, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Yueqi Zhang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Vascular Interventional Therapy, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Vascular Interventional Therapy, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Yang Xie
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Vascular Interventional Therapy, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Hesong Zeng
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Vascular Interventional Therapy, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
| | - Xiaodan Zhong
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Vascular Interventional Therapy, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
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Rajagopal S, Yu YR. Determining the Architecture of Inflammation in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2024; 209:131-133. [PMID: 38033319 PMCID: PMC10806419 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202310-1987ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sudarshan Rajagopal
- Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry Duke University School of Medicine Durham, North Carolina
| | - Yen-Rei Yu
- Department of Medicine University of Colorado Anschutz School of Medicine Aurora, Colorado
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Jakobsen SS, Frøkjaer JB, Fisker RV, Kristensen SR, Thorlacius-Ussing O, Larsen AC. Monocyte recruitment in venous pulmonary embolism at time of cancer diagnosis in upper gastrointestinal cancer patients. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2024; 57:11-20. [PMID: 37792208 PMCID: PMC10830795 DOI: 10.1007/s11239-023-02897-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Upper gastrointestinal cancer is frequently complicated by venous thromboembolisms (VTE), especially pulmonary embolisms (PE) increase the mortality rate. Monocytes are a part of the innate immune system and up-regulation may indicate an ongoing inflammatory response or infectious disease and has lately been associated with a moderate risk of suffering from VTE. This prospectively study aims to compare the incidence of pulmonary embolism with markers of coagulation and compare it to the absolute monocyte count. A consecutive cohort of 250 patients with biopsy proven upper gastrointestinal cancer (i.e. pancreas, biliary tract, esophagus and gastric cancer) where included at the time of cancer diagnosis and before treatment. All patients underwent bilateral compression ultrasonography for detection of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Of these 143 had an additionally pulmonary angiografi (CTPA) with the staging computer tomography. 13 of 250 patients (5.2%) had a DVT and 11 of 143 (7.7%) had CTPA proven PE. PE was significantly more common among patients with elevated D-dimer (OR 11.62, 95%CI: 1.13-119, P = 0.039) and elevated absolute monocyte count (OR 7.59, 95%CI: 1.37-41.98, P = 0.020). Only patients with pancreatic cancer had a significantly higher risk of DVT (OR 11.03, 95%CI: 1.25-97.43, P = 0.031). The sensitivity of absolute monocyte count was 63.6 (95%CI: 30.8-89.1) and specificity 80.3 (95%CI: 72.5-86.7), with a negative predictive value of 96.4 (95%CI: 91-99) in PE. An increased absolute monocyte count was detected in patients suffering from PE but not DVT, suggesting a possible interaction with the innate immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah S Jakobsen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Aalborg University Hospital, Hobrovej 18-22, 9000, Aalborg, Denmark
- Clinical Cancer Research Center, Aalborg University Hospital, 9000, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Jens B Frøkjaer
- Department of Radiology, Aalborg University Hospital, 9000, Aalborg, Denmark
- Clinical Cancer Research Center, Aalborg University Hospital, 9000, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, 9000, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Rune V Fisker
- Department of Radiology, Aalborg University Hospital, 9000, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Aalborg University Hospital, 9000, Aalborg, Denmark
- Clinical Cancer Research Center, Aalborg University Hospital, 9000, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Søren R Kristensen
- Department of Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, 9000, Aalborg, Denmark
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Aalborg University, 9000, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Ole Thorlacius-Ussing
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Aalborg University Hospital, Hobrovej 18-22, 9000, Aalborg, Denmark
- Clinical Cancer Research Center, Aalborg University Hospital, 9000, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, 9000, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Anders C Larsen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Aalborg University Hospital, Hobrovej 18-22, 9000, Aalborg, Denmark.
- Clinical Cancer Research Center, Aalborg University Hospital, 9000, Aalborg, Denmark.
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, 9000, Aalborg, Denmark.
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10
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Yan Q, Liu S, Sun Y, Chen C, Yang Y, Yang S, Lin M, Long J, Lin Y, Liang J, Ai Q, Chen N. CC chemokines Modulate Immune responses in Pulmonary Hypertension. J Adv Res 2023:S2090-1232(23)00321-1. [PMID: 37926143 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary hypertension (PH) represents a progressive condition characterized by the remodeling of pulmonary arteries, ultimately culminating in right heart failure and increased mortality rates. Substantial evidence has elucidated the pivotal role of perivascular inflammatory factors and immune dysregulation in the pathogenesis of PH. Chemokines, a class of small secreted proteins, exert precise control over immune cell recruitment and functionality, particularly with respect to their migration to sites of inflammation. Consequently, chemokines emerge as critical drivers facilitating immune cell infiltration into the pulmonary tissue during inflammatory responses. This review comprehensively examines the significant contributions of CC chemokines in the maintenance of immune cell homeostasis and their pivotal role in regulating inflammatory responses. The central focus of this discussion is directed towards elucidating the precise immunoregulatory actions of CC chemokines concerning various immune cell types, including neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, lymphocytes, dendritic cells, mast cells, eosinophils, and basophils, particularly in the context of pH processes. Furthermore, this paper delves into an exploration of the underlying pathogenic mechanisms that underpin the development of PH. Specifically, it investigates processes such as cellular pyroptosis, examines the intricate crosstalk between bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 2 (BMPR2) mutations and the immune response, and sheds light on key signaling pathways involved in the inflammatory response. These aspects are deemed critical in enhancing our understanding of the complex pathophysiology of PH. Moreover, this review provides a comprehensive synthesis of findings from experimental investigations targeting immune cells and CC chemokines. AIM OF REVIEW In summary, the inquiry into the inflammatory responses mediated by CC chemokines and their corresponding receptors, and their potential in modulating immune reactions, holds promise as a prospective avenue for addressing PH. The potential inhibition of CC chemokines and their receptors stands as a viable strategy to attenuate the inflammatory cascade and ameliorate the pathological manifestations of PH. Nonetheless, it is essential to acknowledge the current state of clinical trials and the ensuing progress, which regrettably appears to be less than encouraging. Substantial hurdles exist in the successful translation of research findings into clinical applications. The intention is that such emphasis could potentially foster the advancement of potent therapeutic agents presently in the process of clinical evaluation. This, in turn, may further bolster the potential for effective management of PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yan
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Shasha Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Changsha Hospital for Maternal & Child Health Care Affiliated to Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410007, China
| | - Yang Sun
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yantao Yang
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Songwei Yang
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Meiyu Lin
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Junpeng Long
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Yuting Lin
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Jinping Liang
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Qidi Ai
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China.
| | - Naihong Chen
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China; State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
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11
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Pakhomov NV, Kostyunina DS, Macori G, Dillon E, Brady T, Sundaramoorthy G, Connolly C, Blanco A, Fanning S, Brennan L, McLoughlin P, Baugh JA. High-Soluble-Fiber Diet Attenuates Hypoxia-Induced Vascular Remodeling and the Development of Hypoxic Pulmonary Hypertension. Hypertension 2023; 80:2372-2385. [PMID: 37851762 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.123.20914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypoxic pulmonary hypertension is a difficult disease to manage that is characterized by sustained elevation of pulmonary vascular resistance and pulmonary artery pressure due to vasoconstriction, perivascular inflammation, and vascular remodeling. Consumption of soluble-fiber is associated with lower systemic blood pressure, but little is known about its ability to affect the pulmonary circulation. METHODS Mice were fed either a low- or high-soluble-fiber diet (0% or 16.9% inulin) and then exposed to hypoxia (FiO2, 0.10) for 21 days to induce pulmonary hypertension. The impact of diet on right ventricular systolic pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance was determined in vivo or in ex vivo isolated lungs, respectively, and correlated with alterations in the composition of the gut microbiome, plasma metabolome, pulmonary inflammatory cell phenotype, and lung proteome. RESULTS High-soluble-fiber diet increased the abundance of short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria, with parallel increases in plasma propionate levels, and reduced the abundance of disease-related bacterial genera such as Staphylococcus, Clostridioides, and Streptococcus in hypoxic mice with parallel decreases in plasma levels of p-cresol sulfate. High-soluble-fiber diet decreased hypoxia-induced elevations of right ventricular systolic pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance. These changes were associated with reduced proportions of interstitial macrophages, dendritic cells, and nonclassical monocytes. Whole-lung proteomics revealed proteins and molecular pathways that may explain the effect of soluble-fiber supplementation. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates for the first time that a high-soluble-fiber diet attenuates hypoxia-induced pulmonary vascular remodeling and the development of pulmonary hypertension in a mouse model of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension and highlights diet-derived metabolites that may have an immuno-modulatory role in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai V Pakhomov
- School of Medicine, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Ireland (N.V.P., D.S.K., T.B., P.M., J.A.B.)
| | - Daria S Kostyunina
- School of Medicine, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Ireland (N.V.P., D.S.K., T.B., P.M., J.A.B.)
| | - Guerrino Macori
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy & Sports Science, University College Dublin, Ireland (G.M., S.F.)
| | - Eugene Dillon
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Ireland (E.D., A.B.)
| | - Tara Brady
- School of Medicine, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Ireland (N.V.P., D.S.K., T.B., P.M., J.A.B.)
| | - Geetha Sundaramoorthy
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Ireland (G.S., C.C., L.B.)
| | - Claire Connolly
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Ireland (G.S., C.C., L.B.)
| | - Alfonso Blanco
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Ireland (E.D., A.B.)
| | - Séamus Fanning
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy & Sports Science, University College Dublin, Ireland (G.M., S.F.)
| | - Lorraine Brennan
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Ireland (G.S., C.C., L.B.)
| | - Paul McLoughlin
- School of Medicine, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Ireland (N.V.P., D.S.K., T.B., P.M., J.A.B.)
| | - John A Baugh
- School of Medicine, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Ireland (N.V.P., D.S.K., T.B., P.M., J.A.B.)
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12
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Zhong C, Si Y, Yang H, Zhou C, Chen Y, Wang C, Liu Y, Chen C, Shi H, Lai X, Tang H. Identification of monocyte-associated pathways participated in the pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension based on omics-data. Pulm Circ 2023; 13:e12319. [PMID: 38130888 PMCID: PMC10733707 DOI: 10.1002/pul2.12319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is one kind of chronic and uncurable diseases that can cause heart failure. Immune microenvironment plays a significant role in PAH. The aim of this study was to assess the role of immune cell infiltration in the pathogenesis of PAH. Differentially expressed genes based on microarray data were enriched in several immune-related pathways. To evaluate the immune cell infiltration, based on the microarray data sets in the GEO database, we used both ssGSEA and the CIBERSORT algorithm. Additionally, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data was used to further explicit the specific role and intercellular communications. Then receiver operating characteristic curves and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator were used to discover and test the potential diagnostic biomarkers for PAH. Both the immune cell infiltration analyses based on the microarray data sets and the cell proportion in scRNA-seq data exhibited a significant downregulation in the infiltration of monocytes in PAH. Then, the intercellular communications showed that the interaction weighs of most immune cells, including monocytes changed between the control and PAH groups, and the ITGAL-ITGB2 and ICAM signaling pathways played critical roles in this process. In addition, ITGAM and ICAM2 displayed good diagnosis values in PAH. This study implicated that the change of monocyte was one of the key immunologic features of PAH. Monocyte-associated ICAM-1 and ITGAL-ITGB2 signaling pathways might be involved in the pathogenesis of PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiming Zhong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Changzheng HospitalNaval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Changhai HospitalNaval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yachen Si
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Changhai HospitalNaval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Huanhuan Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Changzheng HospitalNaval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Chao Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Changzheng HospitalNaval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Changzheng HospitalNaval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Changzheng HospitalNaval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yalong Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Changzheng HospitalNaval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Cheng Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Changzheng HospitalNaval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Hui Shi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Changhai HospitalNaval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xueli Lai
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Changhai HospitalNaval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Hao Tang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Changzheng HospitalNaval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
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13
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Fernandez-Gonzalez A, Mukhia A, Nadkarni J, Willis GR, Reis M, Zhumka K, Vitali S, Liu X, Galls A, Mitsialis SA, Kourembanas S. Immunoregulatory macrophages modify local pulmonary immunity and ameliorate hypoxic-pulmonary hypertension. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.31.551394. [PMID: 37577587 PMCID: PMC10418169 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.31.551394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Rationale Macrophages play a central role in the onset and progression of vascular disease in pulmonary hypertension (PH) and cell-based immunotherapies aimed at treating vascular remodeling are lacking. Objective To evaluate the effect of pulmonary administration of macrophages modified to have an anti-inflammatory/pro-resolving phenotype in attenuating early pulmonary inflammation and progression of experimentally induced PH. Methods Mouse bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDMs) were polarized in vitro to a regulatory (M2 reg ) phenotype. M2 reg profile and anti-inflammatory capacity were assessed in vitro upon lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/interferon-γ (IFNγ) restimulation, before their administration to 8- to 12-week-old mice. M2 reg protective effect was tested at early (2 to 4 days) and late (4 weeks) time points during hypoxia (8.5% O 2 ) exposure. Levels of inflammatory markers were quantified in alveolar macrophages and whole lung, while PH development was ascertained by right ventricular systolic pressure (RSVP) and right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH) measurements. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) from M2 reg -transplanted hypoxic mice was collected, and its inflammatory potential tested on naïve BMDMs. Results M2 reg macrophages demonstrated a stable anti-inflammatory phenotype upon a subsequent pro-inflammatory stimulus by maintaining the expression of specific anti-inflammatory markers (Tgfß, Il10 and Cd206) and downregulating the induction of proinflammatory cytokines and surface molecules (Cd86, Il6 and Tnfα). A single dose of M2 regs attenuated the hypoxic monocytic recruitment and perivascular inflammation. Early hypoxic lung and alveolar macrophage inflammation leading to PH development was significantly reduced and, importantly, M2 regs attenuated RVH, RVSP and vascular remodeling at 4 weeks post treatment. Conclusions Adoptive transfer of M2 regs halts the recruitment of monocytes and modifies the hypoxic lung microenvironment, potentially changing the immunoreactivity of recruited macrophages and restoring normal immune functionality of the lung. These findings provide new mechanistic insights on the diverse role of macrophage phenotype on lung vascular homeostasis that can be explored as novel therapeutic targets.
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14
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Medrano-Bosch M, Simón-Codina B, Jiménez W, Edelman ER, Melgar-Lesmes P. Monocyte-endothelial cell interactions in vascular and tissue remodeling. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1196033. [PMID: 37483594 PMCID: PMC10360188 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1196033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Monocytes are circulating leukocytes of innate immunity derived from the bone marrow that interact with endothelial cells under physiological or pathophysiological conditions to orchestrate inflammation, angiogenesis, or tissue remodeling. Monocytes are attracted by chemokines and specific receptors to precise areas in vessels or tissues and transdifferentiate into macrophages with tissue damage or infection. Adherent monocytes and infiltrated monocyte-derived macrophages locally release a myriad of cytokines, vasoactive agents, matrix metalloproteinases, and growth factors to induce vascular and tissue remodeling or for propagation of inflammatory responses. Infiltrated macrophages cooperate with tissue-resident macrophages during all the phases of tissue injury, repair, and regeneration. Substances released by infiltrated and resident macrophages serve not only to coordinate vessel and tissue growth but cellular interactions as well by attracting more circulating monocytes (e.g. MCP-1) and stimulating nearby endothelial cells (e.g. TNF-α) to expose monocyte adhesion molecules. Prolonged tissue accumulation and activation of infiltrated monocytes may result in alterations in extracellular matrix turnover, tissue functions, and vascular leakage. In this review, we highlight the link between interactions of infiltrating monocytes and endothelial cells to regulate vascular and tissue remodeling with a special focus on how these interactions contribute to pathophysiological conditions such as cardiovascular and chronic liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireia Medrano-Bosch
- Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Blanca Simón-Codina
- Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Wladimiro Jiménez
- Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Service, Hospital Clínic Universitari, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elazer R. Edelman
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Pedro Melgar-Lesmes
- Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Service, Hospital Clínic Universitari, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
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15
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Zhang T, Xu D, Liu J, Wang M, Duan LJ, Liu M, Meng H, Zhuang Y, Wang H, Wang Y, Lv M, Zhang Z, Hu J, Shi L, Guo R, Xie X, Liu H, Erickson E, Wang Y, Yu W, Dang F, Guan D, Jiang C, Dai X, Inuzuka H, Yan P, Wang J, Babuta M, Lian G, Tu Z, Miao J, Szabo G, Fong GH, Karnoub AE, Lee YR, Pan L, Kaelin WG, Yuan J, Wei W. Prolonged hypoxia alleviates prolyl hydroxylation-mediated suppression of RIPK1 to promote necroptosis and inflammation. Nat Cell Biol 2023; 25:950-962. [PMID: 37400498 PMCID: PMC10617019 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-023-01170-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
The prolyl hydroxylation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) mediated by the EGLN-pVHL pathway represents a classic signalling mechanism that mediates cellular adaptation under hypoxia. Here we identify RIPK1, a known regulator of cell death mediated by tumour necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1), as a target of EGLN1-pVHL. Prolyl hydroxylation of RIPK1 mediated by EGLN1 promotes the binding of RIPK1 with pVHL to suppress its activation under normoxic conditions. Prolonged hypoxia promotes the activation of RIPK1 kinase by modulating its proline hydroxylation, independent of the TNFα-TNFR1 pathway. As such, inhibiting proline hydroxylation of RIPK1 promotes RIPK1 activation to trigger cell death and inflammation. Hepatocyte-specific Vhl deficiency promoted RIPK1-dependent apoptosis to mediate liver pathology. Our findings illustrate a key role of the EGLN-pVHL pathway in suppressing RIPK1 activation under normoxic conditions to promote cell survival and a model by which hypoxia promotes RIPK1 activation through modulating its proline hydroxylation to mediate cell death and inflammation in human diseases, independent of TNFR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daichao Xu
- Interdisciplinary Center of Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Jianping Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Li-Juan Duan
- Center for Vascular Biology, Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Min Liu
- Transfusion Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Huyan Meng
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yuan Zhuang
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Huibing Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yingnan Wang
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mingming Lv
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengyi Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jia Hu
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Linyu Shi
- Interdisciplinary Center of Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Guo
- Interdisciplinary Center of Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingxing Xie
- Interdisciplinary Center of Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emily Erickson
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yaru Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenyu Yu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fabin Dang
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dongxian Guan
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cong Jiang
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xiaoming Dai
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hiroyuki Inuzuka
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peiqiang Yan
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jingchao Wang
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mrigya Babuta
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gewei Lian
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zhenbo Tu
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ji Miao
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gyongyi Szabo
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Guo-Hua Fong
- Center for Vascular Biology, Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Antoine E Karnoub
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yu-Ru Lee
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lifeng Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - William G Kaelin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Junying Yuan
- Interdisciplinary Center of Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Wenyi Wei
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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16
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Miserocchi G. Early Endothelial Signaling Transduction in Developing Lung Edema. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1240. [PMID: 37374024 DOI: 10.3390/life13061240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The lung promptly responds to edemagenic conditions through functional adaptations that contrast the increase in microvascular filtration. This review presents evidence for early signaling transduction by endothelial lung cells in two experimental animal models of edema, hypoxia exposure, and fluid overload (hydraulic edema). The potential role of specialized sites of the plasma membranes considered mobile signaling platforms, referred to as membrane rafts, that include caveolae and lipid rafts, is presented. The hypothesis is put forward that early changes in the lipid composition of the bilayer of the plasma membrane might trigger the signal transduction process when facing changes in the pericellular microenvironment caused by edema. Evidence is provided that for an increase in the extravascular lung water volume not exceeding 10%, changes in the composition of the plasma membrane of endothelial cells are evoked in response to mechanical stimuli from the interstitial compartment as well as chemical stimuli relating with changes in the concentration of the disassembled portions of structural macromolecules. In hypoxia, thinning of endothelial cells, a decrease in caveolae and AQP-1, and an increase in lipid rafts are observed. The interpretation of this response is that it favors oxygen diffusion and hinder trans-cellular water fluxes. In hydraulic edema, which generates greater capillary water leakages, an increase in cell volume and opposite changes in membrane rafts were observed; further, the remarkable increase in caveolae suggests a potential abluminal-luminal vesicular-dependent fluid reabsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Miserocchi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università di Milano Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
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17
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Gallardo-Vara E, Ntokou A, Dave JM, Jovin DG, Saddouk FZ, Greif DM. Vascular pathobiology of pulmonary hypertension. J Heart Lung Transplant 2023; 42:544-552. [PMID: 36604291 PMCID: PMC10121751 DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2022.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH), increased blood pressure in the pulmonary arteries, is a morbid and lethal disease. PH is classified into several groups based on etiology, but pathological remodeling of the pulmonary vasculature is a common feature. Endothelial cell dysfunction and excess smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration are central to the vascular pathogenesis. In addition, other cell types, including fibroblasts, pericytes, inflammatory cells and platelets contribute as well. Herein, we briefly note most of the main cell types active in PH and for each cell type, highlight select signaling pathway(s) highly implicated in that cell type in this disease. Among others, the role of hypoxia-inducible factors, growth factors (e.g., vascular endothelial growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor, transforming growth factor-β and bone morphogenetic protein), vasoactive molecules, NOTCH3, Kruppel-like factor 4 and forkhead box proteins are discussed. Additionally, deregulated processes of endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition, extracellular matrix remodeling and intercellular crosstalk are noted. This brief review touches upon select critical facets of PH pathobiology and aims to incite further investigation that will result in discoveries with much-needed clinical impact for this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunate Gallardo-Vara
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, New Haven, Connecticut; Department of Genetics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Aglaia Ntokou
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, New Haven, Connecticut; Department of Genetics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Jui M Dave
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, New Haven, Connecticut; Department of Genetics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Daniel G Jovin
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, New Haven, Connecticut; Department of Genetics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Fatima Z Saddouk
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, New Haven, Connecticut; Department of Genetics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Daniel M Greif
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, New Haven, Connecticut; Department of Genetics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.
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18
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Wu XH, He YY, Chen ZR, He ZY, Yan Y, He Y, Wang GM, Dong Y, Yang Y, Sun YM, Ren YH, Zhao QY, Yang XD, Wang LY, Fu CJ, He M, Zhang SJ, Fu JF, Liu H, Jing ZC. Single-cell analysis of peripheral blood from high-altitude pulmonary hypertension patients identifies a distinct monocyte phenotype. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1820. [PMID: 37002243 PMCID: PMC10066231 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37527-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune and inflammatory responses have an important function in the pathophysiology of pulmonary hypertension (PH). However, little is known about the immune landscape in peripheral circulation in patients with high-altitude pulmonary hypertension (HAPH). We apply single-cell transcriptomics to characterize the monocytes that are significantly enriched in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of HAPH patients. We discover an increase in C1 (non-classical) and C2 (intermediate) monocytes in PBMCs and a decrease in hypoxia-inducible transcription factor-1α (HIF-1α) in all monocyte subsets associated with HAPH. In addition, we demonstrate that similar immune adaptations may exist in HAPH and PH. Overall, we characterize an immune cell atlas of the peripheral blood in HAPH patients. Our data provide evidence that specific monocyte subsets and HIF-1α downregulation might be implicated in the pathogenesis of HAPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Hua Wu
- Department of Cardiology; Yunnan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Prevention and Treatment of Trans-plateau Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dali University, Yunnan, China
| | - Yang-Yang He
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Henan, China
| | - Zhang-Rong Chen
- Department of Cardiology; Yunnan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Prevention and Treatment of Trans-plateau Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dali University, Yunnan, China
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China
| | - Ze-Yuan He
- Department of Cardiology, Yulong People's Hospital, Yunnan, China
| | - Yi Yan
- Heart Center and Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Congenital Heart Disease, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yangzhige He
- Department of Medical Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Guang-Ming Wang
- Department of Cardiology; Yunnan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Prevention and Treatment of Trans-plateau Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dali University, Yunnan, China
| | - Yu Dong
- Department of Cardiology; Yunnan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Prevention and Treatment of Trans-plateau Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dali University, Yunnan, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Cardiology; Yunnan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Prevention and Treatment of Trans-plateau Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dali University, Yunnan, China
| | - Yi-Min Sun
- CapitalBio Technology Corporation, Beijing, China
| | | | - Qiu-Yan Zhao
- Department of Cardiology; Yunnan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Prevention and Treatment of Trans-plateau Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dali University, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiao-Dan Yang
- Department of Cardiology; Yunnan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Prevention and Treatment of Trans-plateau Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dali University, Yunnan, China
| | - Li-Ying Wang
- Department of Cardiology; Yunnan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Prevention and Treatment of Trans-plateau Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dali University, Yunnan, China
| | - Cai-Jun Fu
- Department of Cardiology; Yunnan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Prevention and Treatment of Trans-plateau Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dali University, Yunnan, China
| | - Miao He
- Institute of Pharmacy, Dali University, Yunnan, China
| | - Si-Jin Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji-Fen Fu
- Department of Cardiology; Yunnan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Prevention and Treatment of Trans-plateau Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dali University, Yunnan, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Cardiology; Yunnan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Prevention and Treatment of Trans-plateau Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dali University, Yunnan, China.
| | - Zhi-Cheng Jing
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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19
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Tighe RM, Birukova A, Malakhau Y, Kobayashi Y, Vose AT, Chandramohan V, Cyphert-Daly JM, Cumming RI, Kirshner HF, Tata PR, Ingram JL, Gunn MD, Que LG, Yu YRA. Allergic Asthma Responses Are Dependent on Macrophage Ontogeny. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.16.528861. [PMID: 36824904 PMCID: PMC9949163 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.16.528861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
The ontogenetic composition of tissue-resident macrophages following injury, environmental exposure, or experimental depletion can be altered upon re-establishment of homeostasis. However, the impact of altered resident macrophage ontogenetic milieu on subsequent immune responses is poorly understood. Hence, we assessed the effect of macrophage ontogeny alteration following return to homeostasis on subsequent allergic airway responses to house dust mites (HDM). Using lineage tracing, we confirmed alveolar and interstitial macrophage ontogeny and their replacement by bone marrow-derived macrophages following LPS exposure. This alteration in macrophage ontogenetic milieu reduced allergic airway responses to HDM challenge. In addition, we defined a distinct population of resident-derived interstitial macrophages expressing allergic airway disease genes, located adjacent to terminal bronchi, and reduced by prior LPS exposure. These findings support that the ontogenetic milieu of pulmonary macrophages is a central factor in allergic airway responses and has implications for how prior environmental exposures impact subsequent immune responses and the development of allergy.
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20
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Jiang C, Jiang W. Lasso algorithm and support vector machine strategy to screen pulmonary arterial hypertension gene diagnostic markers. Scott Med J 2023; 68:21-31. [PMID: 36253715 DOI: 10.1177/00369330221132158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study employs machine learning strategy algorithms to screen the optimal gene signature of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) under big data in the medical field. METHODS The public database Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) was used to analyze datasets of 32 normal controls and 37 PAH disease samples. The enrichment analysis was performed after selecting the differentially expressed genes. Two machine learning methods, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and support vector machine (SVM), were used to identify the candidate genes. The external validation data set further tests the expression level and diagnostic value of candidate diagnostic genes. The diagnostic effectiveness was evaluated by obtaining the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC). The convolution tool CIBERSORT was used to estimate the composition pattern of the immune cell subtypes and to perform correlation analysis based on the combined training dataset. RESULTS A total of 564 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened in normal control and pulmonary hypertension samples. The enrichment analysis results were found to be closely related to cardiovascular diseases, inflammatory diseases, and immune-related pathways. The LASSO and SVM algorithms in machine learning used 5 × cross-validation to identify 9 and 7 characteristic genes. The two machine learning algorithms shared Caldesmon 1 (CALD1) and Solute Carrier Family 7 Member 11 (SLC7A11) as genetic signals highly correlated with PAH. The results showed that the area under ROC (AUC) of the specific characteristic diagnostic genes were CALD1 (AUC = 0.924) and SLC7A11 (AUC = 0.962), indicating that the two diagnostic genes have high diagnostic value. CONCLUSION CALD1 and SLC7A11 can be used as diagnostic markers of PAH to obtain new insights for the further study of the immune mechanism involved in PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China.,The First Clinical Medical College of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Weidong Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Nantong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nantong, China
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21
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Gu S, Goel K, Forbes LM, Kheyfets VO, Yu YRA, Tuder RM, Stenmark KR. Tensions in Taxonomies: Current Understanding and Future Directions in the Pathobiologic Basis and Treatment of Group 1 and Group 3 Pulmonary Hypertension. Compr Physiol 2023; 13:4295-4319. [PMID: 36715285 PMCID: PMC10392122 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c220010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
In the over 100 years since the recognition of pulmonary hypertension (PH), immense progress and significant achievements have been made with regard to understanding the pathophysiology of the disease and its treatment. These advances have been mostly in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH), which was classified as Group 1 Pulmonary Hypertension (PH) at the Second World Symposia on PH in 1998. However, the pathobiology of PH due to chronic lung disease, classified as Group 3 PH, remains poorly understood and its treatments thus remain limited. We review the history of the classification of the five groups of PH and aim to provide a state-of-the-art review of the understanding of the pathogenesis of Group 1 PH and Group 3 PH including insights gained from novel high-throughput omics technologies that have revealed heterogeneities within these categories as well as similarities between them. Leveraging the substantial gains made in understanding the genomics, epigenomics, proteomics, and metabolomics of PAH to understand the full spectrum of the complex, heterogeneous disease of PH is needed. Multimodal omics data as well as supervised and unbiased machine learning approaches after careful consideration of the powerful advantages as well as of the limitations and pitfalls of these technologies could lead to earlier diagnosis, more precise risk stratification, better predictions of disease response, new sub-phenotype groupings within types of PH, and identification of shared pathways between PAH and other types of PH that could lead to new treatment targets. © 2023 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 13:4295-4319, 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sue Gu
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Colorado, USA
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Lab, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Colorado, USA
- National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorodo, USA
| | - Khushboo Goel
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Colorado, USA
- National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorodo, USA
| | - Lindsay M. Forbes
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Colorado, USA
| | - Vitaly O. Kheyfets
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Lab, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Colorado, USA
| | - Yen-rei A. Yu
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Colorado, USA
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Lab, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Colorado, USA
| | - Rubin M. Tuder
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Colorado, USA
- Program in Translational Lung Research, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Colorado, USA
| | - Kurt R. Stenmark
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Lab, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Colorado, USA
- Department of Pediatrics Section of Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Colorado, USA
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22
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Wang L, Zhang W, Li C, Chen X, Huang J. Identification of biomarkers related to copper metabolism in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. BMC Pulm Med 2023; 23:31. [PMID: 36690956 PMCID: PMC9868507 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-023-02326-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and associated biomarkers remain to be studied. Copper metabolism is an emerging metabolic research direction in many diseases, but its role in PAH is still unclear. METHODS PAH-related datasets were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database, and 2067 copper metabolism-related genes (CMGs) were obtained from the GeneCards database. Differential expression analysis and the Venn algorithm were used to acquire the differentially expressed CMGs (DE-CMGs). DE-CMGs were then used for the coexpression network construction to screen candidate key genes associated with PAH. Furthermore, the predictive performance of the model was verified by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, and genes with area under the curve (AUC) values greater than 0.8 were selected as diagnostic genes. Then support vector machine, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression, and Venn diagrams were applied to detect biomarkers. Moreover, gene set enrichment analysis was performed to explore the function of the biomarkers, and immune-related analyses were utilized to study the infiltration of immune cells. The drug-gene interaction database was used to predict potential therapeutic drugs for PAH using the biomarkers. Biomarkers expression in clinical samples was verified by real-time quantitative PCR. RESULTS Four biomarkers (DDIT3, NFKBIA, OSM, and PTGER4) were screened. The ROC analysis showed that the 4 biomarkers performed well (AUCs > 0.7). The high expression groups for the 4 biomarkers were enriched in protein activity-related pathways including protein export, spliceosome and proteasome. Furthermore, 8 immune cell types were significantly different between the two groups, including naive B cells, memory B cells, and resting memory CD4 T cells. Afterward, a gene-drug network was constructed. This network illustrated that STREPTOZOCIN, IBUPROFEN, and CELECOXIB were shared by the PTGER4 and DDIT3. Finally, the results of RT-qPCR in clinical samples further confirmed the results of the public database for the expression of NFKBIA and OSM. CONCLUSION In conclusion, four biomarkers (DDIT3, NFKBIA, OSM, and PTGER4) with considerable diagnostic values were identified, and a gene-drug network was further constructed. The results of this study may have significant implications for the development of new diagnostic biomarkers and actionable targets to expand treatment options for PAH patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- grid.452672.00000 0004 1757 5804Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University (Xibei Hospital), Xi’an, 710004 Shaanxi China
| | - Wei Zhang
- grid.452438.c0000 0004 1760 8119Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710061 Shaanxi China
| | - Cong Li
- grid.452672.00000 0004 1757 5804Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University (Xibei Hospital), Xi’an, 710004 Shaanxi China
| | - Xin Chen
- grid.452672.00000 0004 1757 5804Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University (Xibei Hospital), Xi’an, 710004 Shaanxi China
| | - Jing Huang
- grid.452438.c0000 0004 1760 8119Department of Rheumatism and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710061 Shaanxi China
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23
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Åberg M, Björklund E, Wikström G, Christersson C. Platelet-leukocyte aggregate formation and inflammation in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension and CTEPH. Platelets 2022; 33:1199-1207. [PMID: 35701864 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2022.2087867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is defined by increased mean pulmonary artery pressure, and the clinical classification includes five etiologies, of which we investigated subgroup 1, pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and subgroup 4, chronic thrombotic and/or embolic disease (CTEPH). Platelets participate in both innate and adaptive immune responses and could possibly contribute to the suggested systemic inflammation associated with PAH. In this study, we utilized flow cytometry to analyze platelet activation and platelet-monocyte (PMA) and granulocyte (PGA) aggregates in PAH and CTEPH patients and healthy control subjects. The plasma concentration of proinflammatory cytokines was measured by multiplex electrochemiluminescence. Our main finding is that circulating platelets are activated in the circulation and form aggregates with both monocytes and granulocytes in patients with idiopathic PAH (IPAH), associated PAH (APAH) and pulmonary hypertension due to CTEPH. There was a strong correlation between the platelet activation, assessed as P-selectin, and the number of aggregates formed. IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and TNF-α were increased in all PH subgroups as compared to healthy controls, and PMAs were associated with circulating IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10, whereas PGAs were associated with IL-6. The increased concentrations of platelet-leukocyte aggregates found in PAH/CTEPH patients might thus contribute to the inflammatory state in PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikael Åberg
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Erik Björklund
- Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gerhard Wikström
- Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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24
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Brusca SB, Elinoff JM, Zou Y, Jang MK, Kong H, Demirkale CY, Sun J, Seifuddin F, Pirooznia M, Valantine HA, Tanba C, Chaturvedi A, Graninger GM, Harper B, Chen LY, Cole J, Kanwar M, Benza RL, Preston IR, Agbor-Enoh S, Solomon MA. Plasma Cell-Free DNA Predicts Survival and Maps Specific Sources of Injury in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Circulation 2022; 146:1033-1045. [PMID: 36004627 PMCID: PMC9529801 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.121.056719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) is a noninvasive marker of cellular injury. Its significance in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is unknown. METHODS Plasma cfDNA was measured in 2 PAH cohorts (A, n=48; B, n=161) and controls (n=48). Data were collected for REVEAL 2.0 (Registry to Evaluate Early and Long-Term PAH Disease Management) scores and outcome determinations. Patients were divided into the following REVEAL risk groups: low (≤6), medium (7-8), and high (≥9). Total cfDNA concentrations were compared among controls and PAH risk groups by 1-way analysis of variance. Log-rank tests compared survival between cfDNA tertiles and REVEAL risk groups. Areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve were estimated from logistic regression models. A sample subset from cohort B (n=96) and controls (n=16) underwent bisulfite sequencing followed by a deconvolution algorithm to map cell-specific cfDNA methylation patterns, with concentrations compared using t tests. RESULTS In cohort A, median (interquartile range) age was 62 years (47-71), with 75% female, and median (interquartile range) REVEAL 2.0 was 6 (4-9). In cohort B, median (interquartile range) age was 59 years (49-71), with 69% female, and median (interquartile range) REVEAL 2.0 was 7 (6-9). In both cohorts, cfDNA concentrations differed among patients with PAH of varying REVEAL risk and controls (analysis of variance P≤0.002) and were greater in the high-risk compared with the low-risk category (P≤0.002). In cohort B, death or lung transplant occurred in 14 of 54, 23 of 53, and 35 of 54 patients in the lowest, middle, and highest cfDNA tertiles, respectively. cfDNA levels stratified as tertiles (log-rank: P=0.0001) and REVEAL risk groups (log-rank: P<0.0001) each predicted transplant-free survival. The addition of cfDNA to REVEAL improved discrimination (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.72-0.78; P=0.02). Compared with controls, methylation analysis in patients with PAH revealed increased cfDNA originating from erythrocyte progenitors, neutrophils, monocytes, adipocytes, natural killer cells, vascular endothelium, and cardiac myocytes (Bonferroni adjusted P<0.05). cfDNA concentrations derived from erythrocyte progenitor cells, cardiac myocytes, and vascular endothelium were greater in patients with PAH with high-risk versus low-risk REVEAL scores (P≤0.02). CONCLUSIONS Circulating cfDNA is elevated in patients with PAH, correlates with disease severity, and predicts worse survival. Results from cfDNA methylation analyses in patients with PAH are consistent with prevailing paradigms of disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel B Brusca
- Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Section of the Critical Care Medicine Department, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Jason M Elinoff
- Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Section of the Critical Care Medicine Department, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD
| | - Yvette Zou
- Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Section of the Critical Care Medicine Department, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD
| | - Moon Kyoo Jang
- Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD
- Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation (GRAfT), Bethesda, MD
| | - Hyesik Kong
- Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD
- Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation (GRAfT), Bethesda, MD
| | - Cumhur Y Demirkale
- Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Section of the Critical Care Medicine Department, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD
| | - Junfeng Sun
- Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Section of the Critical Care Medicine Department, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD
| | - Fayaz Seifuddin
- Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Mehdi Pirooznia
- Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Hannah A Valantine
- Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation (GRAfT), Bethesda, MD
- Department of Internal Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Carl Tanba
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Abhishek Chaturvedi
- Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA
| | - Grace M Graninger
- Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Section of the Critical Care Medicine Department, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD
| | - Bonnie Harper
- Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Section of the Critical Care Medicine Department, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD
| | - Li-Yuan Chen
- Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Section of the Critical Care Medicine Department, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD
| | - Justine Cole
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD
| | - Manreet Kanwar
- Cardiovascular Institute at Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Raymond L Benza
- Departent of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Ioana R Preston
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Sean Agbor-Enoh
- Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD
- Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation (GRAfT), Bethesda, MD
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Michael A Solomon
- Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Section of the Critical Care Medicine Department, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD
- Cardiology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute of the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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Integrated bioinformatics analysis reveals marker genes and immune infiltration for pulmonary arterial hypertension. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10154. [PMID: 35710932 PMCID: PMC9203517 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14307-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a chronic cardiopulmonary syndrome with high pulmonary vascular load and eventually causing RV heart failure even death. However, the mechanism of pulmonary hypertension remains unclear. The purpose of this research is to detect the underlying key genes and potential mechanism of PAH using several bioinformatic methods. The microarrays GSE22356, GSE131793 and GSE168905 were acquired from the GEO. Subsequently, a host of bioinformatics techniques such as DAVID, STRING, R language and Cytoscape were utilized to investigate DEGs between PAH and healthy controls and conduct GO annotation, KEGG enrichment analysis and PPI network construction etc. Additionally, we predicted the transcription factors regulating DEGs through iRegulon plugin of Cytoscape and CIBERSORT was used to conduct immune infiltration analysis. One thousand two hundred and seventy-seven DEGs (403 up-regulated and 874 down-regulated) were identified from peripheral blood samples of 32 PAH patients and 29 controls, among which SLC4A1, AHSP, ALAS2, CA1, HBD, SNCA, HBM, SELENBP1, SERPINE1 and ITGA2B were detected as hub genes. The functional enrichment changes of DEGs were mainly enriched in protein binding, extracellular exosome, extracellular space, extracellular region and integral component of plasma membrane. The hub genes are chiefly enriched at extracellular exosome, hemoglobin complex, blood microparticle, oxygen transporter activity. Among TF-DEGs network, 42 target DEGs and 6 TFs were predicted with an NES > 4 (TEAD4, TGIF2LY, GATA5, GATA1, GATA2, FOS). Immune infiltration analysis showed that monocytes occupied the largest proportion of immune cells. The trend analysis results of infiltration immune cells illustrated that PAH patients had higher infiltration of NK cell activation, monocyte, T cell CD4 memory activation, and mast cell than healthy controls and lower infiltration of T cell CD4 naive. We detected SLC4A1, AHSP, ALAS2, CA1, HBD, SNCA, HBM, SELENBP1, SERPINE1 and ITGA2B as the most significant markers of PAH. The PAH patients had higher infiltration of NK cell activation, monocyte, T cell CD4 memory activation, and mast cell than healthy controls and lower infiltration of T cell CD4 naive. These identified genes and these immune cells probably have precise regulatory relationships in the development of PAH.
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26
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Sotatercept analog suppresses inflammation to reverse experimental pulmonary arterial hypertension. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7803. [PMID: 35551212 PMCID: PMC9098455 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11435-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sotatercept is an activin receptor type IIA-Fc (ActRIIA-Fc) fusion protein that improves cardiopulmonary function in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) by selectively trapping activins and growth differentiation factors. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms of ActRIIA-Fc action are incompletely understood. Here, we determined through genome-wide expression profiling that inflammatory and immune responses are prominently upregulated in the lungs of a Sugen-hypoxia rat model of severe angio-obliterative PAH, concordant with profiles observed in PAH patients. Therapeutic treatment with ActRIIA-Fc—but not with a vasodilator—strikingly reversed proinflammatory and proliferative gene expression profiles and normalized macrophage infiltration in diseased rodent lungs. Furthermore, ActRIIA-Fc normalized pulmonary macrophage infiltration and corrected cardiopulmonary structure and function in Bmpr2 haploinsufficient mice subjected to hypoxia, a model of heritable PAH. Three high-affinity ligands of ActRIIA-Fc each induced macrophage activation in vitro, and their combined immunoneutralization in PAH rats produced cardiopulmonary benefits comparable to those elicited by ActRIIA-Fc. Our results in complementary experimental and genetic models of PAH reveal therapeutic anti-inflammatory activities of ActRIIA-Fc that, together with its known anti-proliferative effects on vascular cell types, could underlie clinical activity of sotatercept as either monotherapy or add-on to current PAH therapies.
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27
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Development of vascular disease models to explore disease causation and pathomechanisms of rare vascular diseases. Semin Immunopathol 2022; 44:259-268. [PMID: 35233690 PMCID: PMC8887661 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-022-00925-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
As the field of medicine is striving forward heralded by a new era of next-generation sequencing (NGS) and integrated technologies such as bioprinting and biological material development, the utility of rare monogenetic vascular disease modeling in this landscape is starting to emerge. With their genetic simplicity and broader applicability, these patient-specific models are at the forefront of modern personalized medicine. As a collective, rare diseases are a significant burden on global healthcare systems, and rare vascular diseases make up a significant proportion of this. High costs are due to a lengthy diagnostic process, affecting all ages from infants to adults, as well as the severity and chronic nature of the disease. Their complex nature requires sophisticated disease models and integrated approaches involving multidisciplinary teams. Here, we review these emerging vascular disease models, how they contribute to our understanding of the pathomechanisms in rare vascular diseases and provide useful platforms for therapeutic discovery.
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Funk-Hilsdorf TC, Behrens F, Grune J, Simmons S. Dysregulated Immunity in Pulmonary Hypertension: From Companion to Composer. Front Physiol 2022; 13:819145. [PMID: 35250621 PMCID: PMC8891568 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.819145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) represents a grave condition associated with high morbidity and mortality, emphasizing a desperate need for innovative and targeted therapeutic strategies. Cumulative evidence suggests that inflammation and dysregulated immunity interdependently affect maladaptive organ perfusion and congestion as hemodynamic hallmarks of the pathophysiology of PH. The role of altered cellular and humoral immunity in PH gains increasing attention, especially in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), revealing novel mechanistic insights into the underlying immunopathology. Whether these immunophysiological aspects display a universal character and also hold true for other types of PH (e.g., PH associated with left heart disease, PH-LHD), or whether there are unique immunological signatures depending on the underlying cause of disease are points of consideration and discussion. Inflammatory mediators and cellular immune circuits connect the local inflammatory landscape in the lung and heart through inter-organ communication, involving, e.g., the complement system, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), cytokines and subsets of, e.g., monocytes, macrophages, natural killer (NK) cells, dendritic cells (DCs), and T- and B-lymphocytes with distinct and organ-specific pro- and anti-inflammatory functions in homeostasis and disease. Perivascular macrophage expansion and monocyte recruitment have been proposed as key pathogenic drivers of vascular remodeling, the principal pathological mechanism in PAH, pinpointing toward future directions of anti-inflammatory therapeutic strategies. Moreover, different B- and T-effector cells as well as DCs may play an important role in the pathophysiology of PH as an imbalance of T-helper-17-cells (TH17) activated by monocyte-derived DCs, a potentially protective role of regulatory T-cells (Treg) and autoantibody-producing plasma cells occur in diverse PH animal models and human PH. This article highlights novel aspects of the innate and adaptive immunity and their interaction as disease mediators of PH and its specific subtypes, noticeable inflammatory mediators and summarizes therapeutic targets and strategies arising thereby.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa C. Funk-Hilsdorf
- Junior Research Group “Immunodynamics”, Institute of Physiology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Laboratory of Lung Vascular Research, Institute of Physiology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Felix Behrens
- Junior Research Group “Immunodynamics”, Institute of Physiology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Laboratory of Lung Vascular Research, Institute of Physiology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jana Grune
- Laboratory of Lung Vascular Research, Institute of Physiology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Szandor Simmons
- Junior Research Group “Immunodynamics”, Institute of Physiology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Laboratory of Lung Vascular Research, Institute of Physiology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- *Correspondence: Szandor Simmons,
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29
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Oh S, Jung JH, Ahn KJ, Jang AY, Byun K, Yang PC, Chung WJ. Stem Cell and Exosome Therapy in Pulmonary Hypertension. Korean Circ J 2022; 52:110-122. [PMID: 35128849 PMCID: PMC8819574 DOI: 10.4070/kcj.2021.0191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a disease that eventually causes right heart failure by remodeling pulmonary blood vessels. Based on the histopathological characteristics, PH is categorized into five subgroups. Rarely, a severe clinical entity is pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), subgroup 1. This disease process results in pulmonary vascular alterations through dysfunction of the pulmonary endothelium and disturbance of immune responses. Although medical treatments based on these pathophysiologic concepts have been applied for more than 30 years, PAH still cannot be cured. This review addresses the feasibility of and perspectives on stem cell therapy, including the role of exosomes in PAH. Pulmonary hypertension is a rare and progressive illness with a devastating prognosis. Promising research efforts have advanced the understanding and recognition of the pathobiology of pulmonary hypertension. Despite remarkable achievements in terms of improving the survival rate, reducing disease progression, and enhancing quality of life, pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is not completely curable. Therefore, an effective treatment strategy is still needed. Recently, many studies of the underlying molecular mechanisms and technological developments have led to new approaches and paradigms for PAH treatment. Management based on stem cells and related paracrine effects, epigenetic drugs and gene therapies has yielded prospective results for PAH treatment in preclinical research. Further trials are ongoing to optimize these important insights into clinical circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyeon Oh
- Gachon Cardiovascular Research Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Ji-Hye Jung
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kyung-Jin Ahn
- Gachon Cardiovascular Research Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea
| | - Albert Youngwoo Jang
- Gachon Cardiovascular Research Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea
| | - Kyunghee Byun
- Gachon Cardiovascular Research Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Phillip C. Yang
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Wook-Jin Chung
- Gachon Cardiovascular Research Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea
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30
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Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension is characterized by obliteration and obstruction of the pulmonary arterioles that in turn results in high right ventricular afterload and right heart failure. The pathobiology of pulmonary arterial hypertension is complex, with contributions from multiple pathophysiologic processes that are regulated by a variety of molecular mechanisms. This nature likely explains the limited efficacy of our current therapies, which only target a small portion of the pathobiological mechanisms that underlie advanced disease. Here we review the pathobiology of pulmonary arterial hypertension, focusing on the systemic, cellular, and molecular mechanisms that underlie the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudarshan Rajagopal
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Room 128A Hanes House, 330 Trent Drive, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
| | - Yen-Rei A Yu
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado, 12605 E. 16th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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31
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miR-1226-3p Promotes eNOS Expression of Pulmonary Arterial Endothelial Cells to Mitigate Hypertension in Rats via Targeting Profilin-1. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:1724722. [PMID: 34778448 PMCID: PMC8580645 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1724722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), microRNAs (miRNAs) are related with dysfunction of pulmonary arterial endothelial cells. miR-1226-3p was found to be downregulated in the serum of PAH patients, while few studies have illustrated the regulation mechanism of miR-1226-3p on PAH. In this study, we aimed to systematically investigate the role of miR-1226-3p in PAH. Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were treated with monocrotaline (MCT) to establish the PAH models. The right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP), ratio of the right ventricle to the left ventricle with septum (RV/(LV+S) ratio), and nitric oxide (NO) content were used to reflect the symptom of the rats. The rat models were used to observe the regulation mechanism of miR-1226-3p on PAH, and dual-luciferase reporter assay was used to verify the binding effect of miR-1226-3p to Pfn1. Besides, the qRT-PCR and western blot were used to measure the expression levels of miR-1226-3p and some keys proteins such as eNOS and Pfn1, respectively. The results showed that the PAH models were established successfully. The RVSP levels and the RV/(LV+S) ratio of the PAH rats were higher than those indexes in normal rats, while the NO content showed the opposite trends. Besides, the decreased miR-1226-3p and eNOS were, respectively, found in the PAH rats and rPAECs, and overexpressed miR-1226-3p could reverse the disadvantages of the PAH rats including increased RVSP, high RV/(LV+S) ratio, and decreased NO content. Furthermore, miR-1226-3p could directly target the 3'-UTR of Profilin-1 (Pfn1). Overexpressed Pfn1 led to decreased eNOS, while miR-1226-3p could partly inhibit the expression of Pfn1 and increase the expression level of eNOS in rPAECs. In summary, this study suggests miR-1226-3p as a protector to increase eNOS, improve NO content in rPAECs of the PAH rats via targeting Pfn, and finally protect the rats from the injury induced by PAH.
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Kumar S, Frid MG, Zhang H, Li M, Riddle S, Brown RD, Yadav SC, Roy MK, Dzieciatkowska ME, D'Alessandro A, Hansen KC, Stenmark KR. Complement-containing small extracellular vesicles from adventitial fibroblasts induce proinflammatory and metabolic reprogramming in macrophages. JCI Insight 2021; 6:e148382. [PMID: 34499621 PMCID: PMC8663554 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.148382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a severe cardiopulmonary disease characterized by complement-dependent, fibroblast-induced perivascular accumulation and proinflammatory activation of macrophages. We hypothesized that, in PH, nanoscale-sized small extracellular vesicles (sEVs), released by perivascular/adventitial fibroblasts, are critical mediators of complement-dependent proinflammatory activation of macrophages. Pulmonary adventitial fibroblasts were isolated from calves with severe PH (PH-Fibs) and age-matched controls (CO-Fibs). PH-Fibs exhibited increased secretion of sEVs, compared with CO-Fibs, and sEV biological activity was tested on mouse and bovine bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) and showed similar responses. Compared with sEVs derived from CO-Fibs, sEVs derived from PH-Fibs (PH-Fib-sEVs) induced augmented expression of proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines and metabolic genes in BMDMs. Pharmacological blockade of exosome release from PH-Fibs resulted in significant attenuation of proinflammatory activation of BMDMs. "Bottom-up" proteomic analyses revealed significant enrichment of complement and coagulation cascades in PH-Fib-sEVs, including augmented expression of the complement component C3. We therefore examined whether the PH-Fib-sEV-mediated proinflammatory activation of BMDMs was complement C3 dependent. Treatment of PH-Fibs with siC3-RNA significantly attenuated the capacity of PH-Fib-sEVs for proinflammatory activation of BMDMs. PH-Fib-sEVs mediated proglycolytic alterations and complement-dependent activation of macrophages toward a proinflammatory phenotype, as confirmed by metabolomic studies. Thus, fibroblast-released sEVs served as critical mediators of complement-induced perivascular/microenvironmental inflammation in PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushil Kumar
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Maria G Frid
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Hui Zhang
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Min Li
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Suzette Riddle
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - R Dale Brown
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Micaela K Roy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Monika E Dzieciatkowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Angelo D'Alessandro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Kirk C Hansen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Kurt R Stenmark
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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Hong J, Arneson D, Umar S, Ruffenach G, Cunningham CM, Ahn IS, Diamante G, Bhetraratana M, Park JF, Said E, Huynh C, Le T, Medzikovic L, Humbert M, Soubrier F, Montani D, Girerd B, Trégouët DA, Channick R, Saggar R, Eghbali M, Yang X. Single-Cell Study of Two Rat Models of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Reveals Connections to Human Pathobiology and Drug Repositioning. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2021; 203:1006-1022. [PMID: 33021809 PMCID: PMC8048757 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202006-2169oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: The cellular and molecular landscape and translational value of commonly used models of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) are poorly understood. Single-cell transcriptomics can enhance molecular understanding of preclinical models and facilitate their rational use and interpretation.Objectives: To determine and prioritize dysregulated genes, pathways, and cell types in lungs of PAH rat models to assess relevance to human PAH and identify drug repositioning candidates.Methods: Single-cell RNA sequencing was performed on the lungs of monocrotaline (MCT), Sugen-hypoxia (SuHx), and control rats to identify altered genes and cell types, followed by validation using flow-sorted cells, RNA in situ hybridization, and immunofluorescence. Relevance to human PAH was assessed by histology of lungs from patients and via integration with human PAH genetic loci and known disease genes. Candidate drugs were predicted using Connectivity Map.Measurements and Main Results: Distinct changes in genes and pathways in numerous cell types were identified in SuHx and MCT lungs. Widespread upregulation of NF-κB signaling and downregulation of IFN signaling was observed across cell types. SuHx nonclassical monocytes and MCT conventional dendritic cells showed particularly strong NF-κB pathway activation. Genes altered in SuHx nonclassical monocytes were significantly enriched for PAH-associated genes and genetic variants, and candidate drugs predicted to reverse the changes were identified. An open-access online platform was developed to share single-cell data and drug candidates (http://mergeomics.research.idre.ucla.edu/PVDSingleCell/).Conclusions: Our study revealed the distinct and shared dysregulation of genes and pathways in two commonly used PAH models for the first time at single-cell resolution and demonstrated their relevance to human PAH and utility for drug repositioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Hong
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine
| | | | - Soban Umar
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, and
| | | | | | - In Sook Ahn
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology
| | | | - May Bhetraratana
- Division of Cardiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - John F. Park
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, and
| | - Emma Said
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, and
| | | | - Trixie Le
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, and
| | | | - Marc Humbert
- Department of Respiratory and Intensive Care Medicine, Bicêtre Hospital, University of Paris-Saclay, National Institute of Health and Medical Research Joint Research Unit S 999, Public Assistance Hospitals of Paris, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Florent Soubrier
- Institut Hospitalo–Universitaire Cardiométabolisme et Nutrition, Paris, France; and
| | - David Montani
- Department of Respiratory and Intensive Care Medicine, Bicêtre Hospital, University of Paris-Saclay, National Institute of Health and Medical Research Joint Research Unit S 999, Public Assistance Hospitals of Paris, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Barbara Girerd
- Department of Respiratory and Intensive Care Medicine, Bicêtre Hospital, University of Paris-Saclay, National Institute of Health and Medical Research Joint Research Unit S 999, Public Assistance Hospitals of Paris, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - David-Alexandre Trégouët
- Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, University of Bordeaux, National Institute of Health and Medical Research Joint Research Unit 1219, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Rajan Saggar
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine
| | | | - Xia Yang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology
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34
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Li M, Riddle S, Kumar S, Poczobutt J, McKeon BA, Frid MG, Ostaff M, Reisz JA, Nemkov T, Fini MA, Laux A, Hu CJ, El Kasmi KC, D’Alessandro A, Brown RD, Zhang H, Stenmark KR. Microenvironmental Regulation of Macrophage Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Profiles in Pulmonary Hypertension. Front Immunol 2021; 12:640718. [PMID: 33868271 PMCID: PMC8044406 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.640718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The recruitment and subsequent polarization of inflammatory monocytes/macrophages in the perivascular regions of pulmonary arteries is a key feature of pulmonary hypertension (PH). However, the mechanisms driving macrophage polarization within the adventitial microenvironment during PH progression remain unclear. We previously established that reciprocal interactions between fibroblasts and macrophages are essential in driving the activated phenotype of both cell types although the signals involved in these interactions remain undefined. We sought to test the hypothesis that adventitial fibroblasts produce a complex array of metabolites and proteins that coordinately direct metabolomic and transcriptomic re-programming of naïve macrophages to recapitulate the pathophysiologic phenotype observed in PH. Media conditioned by pulmonary artery adventitial fibroblasts isolated from pulmonary hypertensive (PH-CM) or age-matched control (CO-CM) calves were used to activate bone marrow derived macrophages. RNA-Seq and mass spectrometry-based metabolomics analyses were performed. Fibroblast conditioned medium from patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension or controls were used to validate transcriptional findings. The microenvironment was targeted in vitro using a fibroblast-macrophage co-culture system and in vivo in a mouse model of hypoxia-induced PH. Both CO-CM and PH-CM actively, yet distinctly regulated macrophage transcriptomic and metabolomic profiles. Network integration revealed coordinated rewiring of pro-inflammatory and pro-remodeling gene regulation in concert with altered mitochondrial and intermediary metabolism in response to PH-CM. Pro-inflammation and metabolism are key regulators of macrophage phenotype in vitro, and are closely related to in vivo flow sorted lung interstitial/perivascular macrophages from hypoxic mice. Metabolic changes are accompanied by increased free NADH levels and increased expression of a metabolic sensor and transcriptional co-repressor, C-terminal binding protein 1 (CtBP1), a mechanism shared with adventitial PH-fibroblasts. Targeting the microenvironment created by both cell types with the CtBP1 inhibitor MTOB, inhibited macrophage pro-inflammatory and metabolic re-programming both in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, coordinated transcriptional and metabolic reprogramming is a critical mechanism regulating macrophage polarization in response to the complex adventitial microenvironment in PH. Targeting the adventitial microenvironment can return activated macrophages toward quiescence and attenuate pathological remodeling that drives PH progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Suzette Riddle
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Sushil Kumar
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Joanna Poczobutt
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - B. Alexandre McKeon
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Maria G. Frid
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Maureen Ostaff
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Julie A. Reisz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Travis Nemkov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Mehdi A. Fini
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Aya Laux
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Cheng-Jun Hu
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Karim C. El Kasmi
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Angelo D’Alessandro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - R. Dale Brown
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Hui Zhang
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Kurt R. Stenmark
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
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35
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Ntokou A, Dave JM, Kauffman AC, Sauler M, Ryu C, Hwa J, Herzog EL, Singh I, Saltzman WM, Greif DM. Macrophage-derived PDGF-B induces muscularization in murine and human pulmonary hypertension. JCI Insight 2021; 6:139067. [PMID: 33591958 PMCID: PMC8026182 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.139067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Excess macrophages and smooth muscle cells (SMCs) characterize many cardiovascular diseases, but crosstalk between these cell types is poorly defined. Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a lethal disease in which lung arteriole SMCs proliferate and migrate, coating the normally unmuscularized distal arteriole. We hypothesized that increased macrophage platelet-derived growth factor–B (PDGF-B) induces pathological SMC burden in PH. Our results indicate that clodronate attenuates hypoxia-induced macrophage accumulation, distal muscularization, PH, and right ventricle hypertrophy (RVH). With hypoxia exposure, macrophage Pdgfb mRNA was upregulated in mice, and LysM‑Cre mice carrying floxed alleles for hypoxia-inducible factor 1a, hypoxia-inducible factor 2a, or Pdgfb had reduced macrophage Pdgfb and were protected against distal muscularization and PH. Conversely, LysM‑Cre von-Hippel Lindaufl/fl mice had increased macrophage Hifa and Pdgfb and developed distal muscularization, PH, and RVH in normoxia. Similarly, Pdgfb was upregulated in macrophages from human idiopathic or systemic sclerosis–induced pulmonary arterial hypertension patients, and macrophage-conditioned medium from these patients increased SMC proliferation and migration via PDGF-B. Finally, in mice, orotracheal administration of nanoparticles loaded with Pdgfb siRNA specifically reduced lung macrophage Pdgfb and prevented hypoxia-induced distal muscularization, PH, and RVH. Thus, macrophage-derived PDGF-B is critical for pathological SMC expansion in PH, and nanoparticle-mediated inhibition of lung macrophage PDGF-B has profound implications as an interventional strategy for PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aglaia Ntokou
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine.,Department of Genetics
| | - Jui M Dave
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine.,Department of Genetics
| | | | - Maor Sauler
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, and
| | - Changwan Ryu
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, and
| | - John Hwa
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine
| | - Erica L Herzog
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, and.,Department of Pathology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Inderjit Singh
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, and
| | | | - Daniel M Greif
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine.,Department of Genetics
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36
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Pullamsetti SS, Mamazhakypov A, Weissmann N, Seeger W, Savai R. Hypoxia-inducible factor signaling in pulmonary hypertension. J Clin Invest 2021; 130:5638-5651. [PMID: 32881714 DOI: 10.1172/jci137558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is characterized by pulmonary artery remodeling that can subsequently culminate in right heart failure and premature death. Emerging evidence suggests that hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) signaling plays a fundamental and pivotal role in the pathogenesis of PH. This Review summarizes the regulation of HIF isoforms and their impact in various PH subtypes, as well as the elaborate conditional and cell-specific knockout mouse studies that brought the role of this pathway to light. We also discuss the current preclinical status of pan- and isoform-selective HIF inhibitors, and propose new research areas that may facilitate HIF isoform-specific inhibition as a novel therapeutic strategy for PH and right heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soni Savai Pullamsetti
- Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), member of the Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, member of the DZL and CPI, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Argen Mamazhakypov
- Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), member of the Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Norbert Weissmann
- Department of Internal Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, member of the DZL and CPI, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Werner Seeger
- Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), member of the Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, member of the DZL and CPI, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany.,Institute for Lung Health (ILH), Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Rajkumar Savai
- Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), member of the Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, member of the DZL and CPI, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany.,Institute for Lung Health (ILH), Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany.,Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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37
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Goten C, Usui S, Takashima SI, Inoue O, Okada H, Shimojima M, Sakata K, Kawashiri M, Kaneko S, Takamura M. Circulating nerve growth factor receptor positive cells are associated with severity and prognosis of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Pulm Circ 2021; 11:2045894021990525. [PMID: 33767850 PMCID: PMC7953227 DOI: 10.1177/2045894021990525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) remains a disease with a poor prognosis, so
early detection and treatment are very important. Sensitive and non-invasive
markers for PAH are urgently required. This study was performed to identify
sensitive markers of the clinical severity and prognosis of PAH. Patients
diagnosed with PAH (n = 30) and control participants (n = 15) were enrolled in
this observational study. Major EPC and MSC markers (including CD34, CD133,
VEGFR2, CD90, PDGFRα, and NGFR) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNCs)
were assessed by flow cytometry. Associations of these markers with hemodynamic
parameters (e.g. mean pulmonary arterial pressure, pulmonary vascular
resistance, and cardiac index) were assessed. Patients with PAH were followed up
for 12 months to assess the incidence of major adverse events, defined as death
or lung transplantation. Levels of circulating EPC and MSC markers in PBMNCs
were higher in patients with PAH than in control participants. Among the studied
markers, nerve growth factor receptor (NGFR) was significantly positively
correlated with hemodynamic parameters. During the 12-month follow-up period,
major-event-free survival was significantly higher in patients with PAH who had
relatively low frequencies of NGFR positive cells than patients who had higher
frequencies. These results suggested that the presence of circulating NGFR
positive cells among PBMNCs may be a novel biomarker for the severity and
prognosis of PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiaki Goten
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.,Department of System Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Soichiro Usui
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Takashima
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Oto Inoue
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Okada
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Masaya Shimojima
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kenji Sakata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Masaaki Kawashiri
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Shuichi Kaneko
- Department of System Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Masayuki Takamura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
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38
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Xu J, Yang Y, Yang Y, Xiong C. Identification of Potential Risk Genes and the Immune Landscape of Idiopathic Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension via Microarray Gene Expression Dataset Reanalysis. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:125. [PMID: 33478117 PMCID: PMC7835985 DOI: 10.3390/genes12010125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene dysfunction and immune cell infiltration play an essential role in the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH). We aimed to investigate the immune landscape and novel differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of IPAH. In addition, potential druggable molecular targets for IPAH were also explored. In this study, the GSE117261 dataset was reanalyzed to explore the immune landscape and hub DEGs of IPAH. Lasso Cox regression analysis and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis were performed to detect the predictive value of IPAH. Additionally, the underlying drug targets for IPAH treatment were determined by drug-gene analysis. IPAH was significantly associated with the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling pathway and Wnt signaling pathway as well as energetic metabolism dysfunction. We identified 31 upregulated and 39 downregulated DEGs in IPAH patients. Six hub genes, namely, SAA1, CCL5, CXCR1, CXCR2, CCR1, and ADORA3, were related to IPAH pathogenesis regardless of sex differences. Prediction model analysis showed that the area under the curve values of the hub DEGs except CXCR2 were all above 0.9 for distinguishing IPAH patients. In addition, the relative proportions of 5 subtypes of immune cells, namely, CD8+ T cells, CD4+ memory resting T cells, γ delta T cells, M1 macrophages, and resting mast cells, were significantly upregulated in the IPAH samples, while 6 subtypes of immune cells, namely, CD4+ naive T cells, resting NK cells, monocytes, M0 macrophages, activated mast cells, and neutrophils, were downregulated. Additionally, a total of 17 intersecting drugs targeting 5 genes, CCL5, CXCR1, CXCR2, CCR1, and ADORA3, were generated as potential druggable molecular targets for IPAH. Our study revealed the underlying correlations between genes and immune cells in IPAH and demonstrated for the first time that SAA1, CCL5, CXCR1, CCR1, and ADORA3 may be novel genetic targets for IPAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China;
| | - Yicheng Yang
- Pulmonary Vascular Disease Center, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China;
| | - Yuejin Yang
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China;
| | - Changming Xiong
- Pulmonary Vascular Disease Center, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China;
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39
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Delaney C, Davizon-Castillo P, Allawzi A, Posey J, Gandjeva A, Neeves K, Tuder RM, Di Paola J, Stenmark KR, Nozik ES. Platelet activation contributes to hypoxia-induced inflammation. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2020; 320:L413-L421. [PMID: 33264579 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00519.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is central to the pathogenesis of pulmonary vascular remodeling and pulmonary hypertension (PH). Inflammation precedes remodeling in preclinical models, thus supporting the concept that changes in immunity drive remodeling in PH. Platelets are recognized as mediators of inflammation, but whether platelets contribute to hypoxia-driven inflammation has not been studied. We utilized a murine hypoxia model to test the hypothesis that platelets drive hypoxia-induced inflammation. We evaluated male and female 9-wk-old normoxic and hypoxic mice and in selected experiments included hypoxic thrombocytopenic mice. Thrombocytopenic mice were generated with an anti-GP1bα rat IgG antibody. We also performed immunostaining of lung sections from failed donor controls and patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension. We found that platelets are increased in the lungs of hypoxic mice and hypoxia induces platelet activation. Platelet depletion prevents hypoxia-driven increases in the proinflammatory chemokines CXCL4 and CCL5 and attenuates hypoxia-induced increase in plasma CSF-2. Pulmonary interstitial macrophages are increased in the lungs of hypoxic mice; this increase is prevented in thrombocytopenic mice. To determine the potential relevance to human disease, lung sections from donors and patients with advanced idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (iPAH) were immunostained for the platelet-specific protein CD41. We observed iPAH lungs had a two-fold increase in CD41, compared with controls. Our data provide evidence that the platelet count is increased in the lungs and activated in mice with hypoxia-induced inflammation and provides rationale for the further study of the potential contribution of platelets to inflammatory mediated vascular remodeling and PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassidy Delaney
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.,Section of Neonatology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Pavel Davizon-Castillo
- Section of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, and Bone Marrow Transplant, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Ayed Allawzi
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.,Division of Pediatrics-Critical Care, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Janelle Posey
- Section of Neonatology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Aneta Gandjeva
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.,Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.,Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Keith Neeves
- Section of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, and Bone Marrow Transplant, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Rubin M Tuder
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.,Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.,Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Jorge Di Paola
- Division of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Kurt R Stenmark
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.,Division of Pediatrics-Critical Care, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Eva S Nozik
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.,Division of Pediatrics-Critical Care, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
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40
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Alzaid F, Julla J, Diedisheim M, Potier C, Potier L, Velho G, Gaborit B, Manivet P, Germain S, Vidal‐Trecan T, Roussel R, Riveline J, Dalmas E, Venteclef N, Gautier J. Monocytopenia, monocyte morphological anomalies and hyperinflammation characterise severe COVID-19 in type 2 diabetes. EMBO Mol Med 2020; 12:e13038. [PMID: 32816392 PMCID: PMC7461002 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202013038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Early in the COVID-19 pandemic, type 2 diabetes (T2D) was marked as a risk factor for severe disease and mortality. Inflammation is central to the aetiology of both conditions where variations in immune responses can mitigate or aggravate disease course. Identifying at-risk groups based on immunoinflammatory signatures is valuable in directing personalised care and developing potential targets for precision therapy. This observational study characterised immunophenotypic variation associated with COVID-19 severity in T2D. Broad-spectrum immunophenotyping quantified 15 leucocyte populations in peripheral circulation from a cohort of 45 hospitalised COVID-19 patients with and without T2D. Lymphocytopenia and specific loss of cytotoxic CD8+ lymphocytes were associated with severe COVID-19 and requirement for intensive care in both non-diabetic and T2D patients. A morphological anomaly of increased monocyte size and monocytopenia restricted to classical CD14Hi CD16- monocytes was specifically associated with severe COVID-19 in patients with T2D requiring intensive care. Increased expression of inflammatory markers reminiscent of the type 1 interferon pathway (IL6, IL8, CCL2, INFB1) underlaid the immunophenotype associated with T2D. These immunophenotypic and hyperinflammatory changes may contribute to increased voracity of COVID-19 in T2D. These findings allow precise identification of T2D patients with severe COVID-19 as well as provide evidence that the type 1 interferon pathway may be an actionable therapeutic target for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fawaz Alzaid
- Cordeliers Research CentreINSERMIMMEDIAB LaboratorySorbonne UniversitéUniversité de ParisParisFrance
| | - Jean‐Baptiste Julla
- Cordeliers Research CentreINSERMIMMEDIAB LaboratorySorbonne UniversitéUniversité de ParisParisFrance
- Department of DiabetesClinical Investigation Centre (CIC‐9504)Lariboisière HospitalAssistance Publique – Hôpitaux de ParisParisFrance
| | - Marc Diedisheim
- Cordeliers Research CentreINSERMIMMEDIAB LaboratorySorbonne UniversitéUniversité de ParisParisFrance
- Department of DiabetologyCochin HospitalAssistance Publique Hôpitaux de ParisUniversité de ParisParisFrance
| | - Charline Potier
- Cordeliers Research CentreINSERMIMMEDIAB LaboratorySorbonne UniversitéUniversité de ParisParisFrance
| | - Louis Potier
- Cordeliers Research CentreINSERMIMMEDIAB LaboratorySorbonne UniversitéUniversité de ParisParisFrance
- Department of Diabetology, Endocrinology and NutritionBichat HospitalAssistance Publique ‐ Hôpitaux de ParisParisFrance
| | - Gilberto Velho
- Cordeliers Research CentreINSERMIMMEDIAB LaboratorySorbonne UniversitéUniversité de ParisParisFrance
| | | | - Philippe Manivet
- Endocrinology, Metabolic Diseases and Nutrition DepartmentAssistance Publique Hôpitaux de MarseilleMarseilleFrance
- Centre de Ressources Biologique “biobank Lariboisière”BB‐0033-00064APHPNordUniversité de ParisParis DiderotHôpital LariboisièreParisFrance
| | - Stéphane Germain
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB)College de France – Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL) Research UniversityParisFrance
| | - Tiphaine Vidal‐Trecan
- Department of DiabetesClinical Investigation Centre (CIC‐9504)Lariboisière HospitalAssistance Publique – Hôpitaux de ParisParisFrance
| | - Ronan Roussel
- Cordeliers Research CentreINSERMIMMEDIAB LaboratorySorbonne UniversitéUniversité de ParisParisFrance
- Department of Diabetology, Endocrinology and NutritionBichat HospitalAssistance Publique ‐ Hôpitaux de ParisParisFrance
| | - Jean‐Pierre Riveline
- Cordeliers Research CentreINSERMIMMEDIAB LaboratorySorbonne UniversitéUniversité de ParisParisFrance
- Department of DiabetesClinical Investigation Centre (CIC‐9504)Lariboisière HospitalAssistance Publique – Hôpitaux de ParisParisFrance
| | - Elise Dalmas
- Cordeliers Research CentreINSERMIMMEDIAB LaboratorySorbonne UniversitéUniversité de ParisParisFrance
| | - Nicolas Venteclef
- Cordeliers Research CentreINSERMIMMEDIAB LaboratorySorbonne UniversitéUniversité de ParisParisFrance
| | - Jean‐François Gautier
- Cordeliers Research CentreINSERMIMMEDIAB LaboratorySorbonne UniversitéUniversité de ParisParisFrance
- Department of DiabetesClinical Investigation Centre (CIC‐9504)Lariboisière HospitalAssistance Publique – Hôpitaux de ParisParisFrance
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41
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Tighe RM, Yu YR. Know Where You Are: Pulmonary Macrophage Locations in the Human Lung. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2020; 201:1169-1170. [PMID: 32228390 PMCID: PMC7233343 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202002-0235ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Tighe
- Department of MedicineDuke UniversityDurham, North Carolina
| | - Yen Rei Yu
- Department of MedicineDuke UniversityDurham, North Carolina
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