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Pan S, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Ma X, Peng J, Li F, Qian W, Zong J. The Relationship Between the Serum NLRP3 and Adiponectin Levels and Coronary Lesions in Patients with Unstable Angina with Type 2 Diabetes. Clin Interv Aging 2024; 19:1301-1308. [PMID: 39050520 PMCID: PMC11268749 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s467291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the Levels of Nucleotide-binding, leucine-rich repeat and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) and Adiponectin (APN) and their relationship with the severity of coronary artery disease in patients with Unstable Angina (UA) and Type 2 Diabetes (T2D). Methods Two hundred and thirty-one patients with UA were diagnosed by CAG in the Department of Cardiology of the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University from July 2022 to May 2023 were included, and 74 healthy subjects were included as the control group. The levels of NLRP3 and APN in each group were detected by ELISA and the Gensini score in each patient according to the results of CAG. The correlations between NLRP3, APN, and Gensini score were analyzed. According to whether complicated with T2D or not, we further analyze the effect of NLRP3 and APN levels of patients with UA and T2D on the severity of coronary artery stenosis. Results The levels of NLRP3 in UA with T2D group were the highest, followed by simple UA group, and the lowest in the control group, and the level of APN was the opposite. Spearman Correlation analysis showed that the level of NLRP3 was positively correlated with Gensini score (ρ1=0.688, P<0.05) and the level of APN was negatively associated with Gensini score (ρ2= -0.515, P<0.05). There was a negative correlation between NLRP3 and the level of APN (ρ3= -0.366, P<0.05). High NLRP3 and low APN levels are the risk factors for atherosclerosis. Conclusion The NLRP3 and APN were abnormally expressed in patients with UA complicated with T2D. With the aggravation of atherosclerosis, the level of NLRP3 increased and the level of APN decreased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Pan
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yixiao Wang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuchen Zhang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Ma
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingfeng Peng
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fangfang Li
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenhao Qian
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Zong
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, People’s Republic of China
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Gheorghe L, Nemteanu R, Clim A, Botnariu GE, Costache II, Plesa A. Risk Scores for Prediction of Major Cardiovascular Events in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A No Man's Land? Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13040857. [PMID: 37109386 PMCID: PMC10146692 DOI: 10.3390/life13040857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past 100 years, cardiovascular disease (CVD) has become a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in developed countries, and similar trends have occurred for chronic liver disease. Subsequent research also indicated that people with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) had a twofold increased risk of CV events and that this risk was doubled in those with liver fibrosis. However, no validated CVD risk score specific for NAFLD patients has yet been validated, as traditional risk scores tend to underestimate the CV risk in NAFLD patients. From a practical perspective, identifying NAFLD patients and assessing severity of liver fibrosis when concurrent atherosclerotic risk factors are already established may serve as an important criterion in new CV risk scores. The current review aims to assess current risk scores and their utility for the prediction of CV events among patients with NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Gheorghe
- Department of Radiology, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Radiology Clinic, "St. Spiridon" County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Roxana Nemteanu
- Medical I Department, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saint Spiridon Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Andreea Clim
- Medical I Department, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Gina Eosefina Botnariu
- Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Gr. T. Popa", 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Irina Iuliana Costache
- Medical I Department, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Cardiology Clinic, "St. Spiridon" County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Alina Plesa
- Medical I Department, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saint Spiridon Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
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Lazar-Poloczek E, Romuk E, Jacheć W, Stanek W, Stanek B, Szołtysik M, Techmański T, Hasterok M, Wojciechowska C. Levels of TNF-α and Soluble TNF Receptors in Normal-Weight, Overweight and Obese Patients with Dilated Non-Ischemic Cardiomyopathy: Does Anti-TNF Therapy Still Have Potential to Be Used in Heart Failure Depending on BMI? Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10112959. [PMID: 36428528 PMCID: PMC9687112 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. We sought to measure the levels of adipokines, TNF-α and soluble receptors (sTNFr1, sTNFr2) in heart failure patients with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) due to non-ischemic cardiomyopathy (nDCM). Methods. A total of 123 patients with HFrEF due to nDCM were divided into three groups according to BMI: 34 (27.6%) normal weight, 56 (45.5%) overweight and 33 (26.8%) obese. A six-minute walk test, echocardiography and right heart catheterization were performed. Serum concentrations of adiponectin, leptin, NT-proBNP, blood hemoglobin, sodium, creatinine, ALAT, AspAT, bilirubin, CRP, lipids, TNF-α, sTNFr1 and sTNFr2 receptors were measured. Results. Obese patients had the lowest NT-proBNP concentrations, significantly higher leptin levels and higher leptin/adiponectin ratios. The concentration of sTNFr1 was higher in normal-weight patients. In all groups, TNF-α concentrations correlated positively with sTNFr1 (p < 0.001). Higher levels of sTNFr1 were associated with higher sTNFr2 (p < 0.001) and CRP (p < 0.001). Moreover, the concentration of sTNFr2 positively correlated with CRP (p < 0.05) and adiponectin (p < 0.001). Levels of TNF-α were not associated with elevated CRP. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that changes in the concentrations of TNF and its receptors differ between groups of patients with different BMI. These findings suggest that the effective use of anti-TNF therapy is dependent not only on BMI, but also on concentrations of TNF-α receptors and other laboratory parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Lazar-Poloczek
- Second Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, M. C. Skłodowskiej 10 Street, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Ewa Romuk
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Jordana 19 Street, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Wojciech Jacheć
- Second Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, M. C. Skłodowskiej 10 Street, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Wiktoria Stanek
- Student Research Team at the Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Jordana 19 Street, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Bartosz Stanek
- Student Research Team at the Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Jordana 19 Street, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Monika Szołtysik
- Student Research Team at the Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Jordana 19 Street, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Tomasz Techmański
- Student Research Team at the Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Jordana 19 Street, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Maja Hasterok
- Student Research Team at the Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Jordana 19 Street, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Celina Wojciechowska
- Second Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, M. C. Skłodowskiej 10 Street, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
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Fondjo LA, Osei O, Owiredu WKBA, Obirikorang C, Senu E, Owusu‐Antwi R, Brefo EFJ. Assessment of vitamin D levels and adipokines mediated obesity among psychiatric patients on treatment and treatment naïve: A comparative cross-sectional study. Health Sci Rep 2022; 5:e858. [PMID: 36248351 PMCID: PMC9547132 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Antipsychotic treatment may contribute to low vitamin D levels and have impact on direct anti-inflammatory activity such as adiponectin activity and indirect proinflammatory activity such as leptin and resistin activity. However, vitamin D levels and adipokines mediated effect on weight gain and increased adiposity are not well evaluated. This study, therefore, assessed vitamin D and adipokines-mediated obesity among Ghanaian psychiatric patients. Methods This comparative cross-sectional study was conducted at psychiatric unit of Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana. Anthropometric measurements, sociodemographic and previous medical history were taken from 300 antipsychotics treatment naïve and active patients. Obesity was classified using World Health Organization (WHO) body mass index (BMI)-specific cut-offs. Blood samples were collected for serum vitamin D and adipokines (adiponectin, leptin, and resistin) analysis using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Statistical analyses were done using SPSS version 26.0 and GraphPad Prism version 8.0. Results We observed higher prevalence of obesity among treatment active psychiatric patients (40.7%) compared to treatment naïve group (16.8%). Vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency prevalence were significantly higher among the treatment active group (25.3%; 39.5%; p < 0.001) and associated with increased odds of obesity (91.8%; cOR = 91.84, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 24.94-338.13). Moreover, adiponectin (84.2%: cOR = 14.15, 95% CI: 5.52-36.27), leptin (55.6% cOR = 2.20, 95% CI: 1.04-4.67), and resistin (79.4%: cOR = -8.34, 95% CI: 3.39-20.55) were significantly associated with increased odds of obesity among treatment active psychiatric. Furthermore, treatment active psychiatric patients exhibited inverse correlation for adiponectin and leptin with BMI (r = -0.62; -0.24), and WHtR (r = -0.53; -0.24); however, a moderate positive correlation for resistin with BMI (r = 0.80), HC (r = 0.67), and WHtR (r = 0.65). Conclusion Obesity is more prevalent in psychiatric patients on antipsychotics such as Olanzapine and Clozapine. Obesity among treatment active psychiatric patients is associated with vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency, low adiponectin and leptin levels but higher resistin level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda A. Fondjo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and DentistryKwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana
| | - Olivia Osei
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and DentistryKwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana
| | - William K. B. A. Owiredu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and DentistryKwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana
| | - Christian Obirikorang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and DentistryKwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana
| | - Ebenezer Senu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and DentistryKwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana
| | - Ruth Owusu‐Antwi
- Department of Behavioral Sciences School of Medicine and DentistryKwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, KATHKumasiGhana
- Psychiatry DepartmentKomfo Anokye Teaching HospitalKumasiGhana
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ABD MUID SUHAILA, AWANG JALIL REMEE, HARUN NOORHANISA, MOHD NAWAWI HAPIZAH, RUTH FROEMMING GABRIELEANISAH. HDL AND ITS SUBPOPULATION (HDL2 AND HDL3) PROMOTE CHOLESTEROL TRANSPORTERS EXPRESSION AND ATTENUATES INFLAMMATION IN 3T3-L1 MATURE ADIPOCYTES INDUCED BY TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA. MALAYSIAN APPLIED BIOLOGY 2022; 51:153-167. [DOI: 10.55230/mabjournal.v51i4.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Obesity activates inflammation causing dysfunction of adipocytes. Increasing high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels in obesity may be beneficial in overcoming this effect. However, not much data is available on the effects of HDL and its subpopulations in inflamed adipocytes. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of total HDL (tHDL) and the comparison between its subpopulations (HDL2 & HDL3) on protein and gene expression of cholesterol transporters, inflammation, and adipokines in TNF-α stimulated 3T3-L1 mature adipocytes. TNFα alone had lower adiponectin and higher protein and gene expression of IL-6 and NF-ĸβ (p65) compared to unstimulated adipocytes and these effects were attenuated by HDLs especially HDL3 (in most of the biomarkers). HDL and its subpopulation had higher cholesterol transporters expression in 3T3-L1 mature adipocytes induced by TNF-α compared to unstimulated cells. Increment of cholesterol transporters expression by HDL leads to reduce secretion of inflammatory markers [IL-6 & NF-kB (p65)] and visfatin and increases adiponectin secretion in the inflamed mature adipocytes. HDL exhibits beyond its reverse cholesterol transporter property by exhibiting anti-inflammatory effects thru the deactivation of NF-ĸβ (p65). This may contribute to reducing the progression of obesity-related complications.
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Mahmudiono T, Khaydarov NK, Jasim SA, Hammid AT, Failoc-Rojas VE, Shalaby MN, Jannat B, Nouri M, Fadel A. Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials on the effects of soy and soy products supplementation on serum adiponectin levels. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2022; 16:102558. [PMID: 35803164 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2022.102558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Our aim in this meta-analysis was to determine the effect of soy and soy product supplementation on serum adiponectin levels. METHOD A systematic search was conducted using Medline (PubMed and Web of Science), Scopus, and Cochrane Library for eligible trials up to August 2020. A random-effects model was used to pool calculated effect sizes. RESULTS Seven trials were included in the overall analysis. Our analysis showed that soy and soy product supplementation did not significantly affect adiponectin concentrations (WMD = -0.77 μg/ml, 95% CI: -0.61, 2.15, P = 0.27) in comparison with a placebo. The between-study heterogeneity was high (I2: 68.2%, P = 0.004). Subgroup analysis, based on participants' health status and duration of the supplementation, could not detect the potential source of the observed heterogeneity. In addition, subgroup analysis showed that the effect was not statistically significant in all subgroups. CONCLUSION Overall, soy and soy product supplementation did not change the circulatory adiponectin levels. In addition, the results were not affected by the participant's health status and duration of supplementation. However, further studies are needed to confirm the present results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trias Mahmudiono
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Indonesia
| | | | - Saade Abdalkareem Jasim
- Al-maarif University College, Medical Laboratory Techniques Department, Al-anbar-Ramadi, Iraq
| | - Ali Thaeer Hammid
- Computer Engineering Techniques Department, Faculty of Information Technology, Imam Ja'afar Al-Sadiq University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | | | - Mohammed Nader Shalaby
- Biological Sciences and Sports Health Department, Faculty of Physical Education, Suez Canal University, Egypt
| | - Behrooz Jannat
- Halal Research Center of IRI, Food and Drug Administration, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehran Nouri
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Abdulmnannan Fadel
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
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Ozen E, Mihaylova R, Weech M, Kinsella S, Lovegrove JA, Jackson KG. Association between dietary saturated fat with cardiovascular disease risk markers and body composition in healthy adults: findings from the cross-sectional BODYCON study. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2022; 19:15. [PMID: 35241101 PMCID: PMC8896371 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-022-00650-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diets high in saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and greater abdominal obesity are both associated with raised low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) concentrations, an independent cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk marker. Although reducing SFA intake is a public health strategy for CVD prevention, the role of body fat distribution on the relationship between SFA and LDL-C is unclear. Therefore, our objective was to investigate whether the association between dietary SFAs and LDL-C concentrations is related to body composition.
Methods In the BODYCON (impact of physiological and lifestyle factors on body composition) study, 409 adults [mean age 42 ± 16 years and median BMI of 23.5 (21.5–25.9) kg/m2] underwent a measure of body composition by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry, assessment of habitual dietary intake using a 4-day weighed food diary and physical activity level using a tri-axial accelerometer. Blood pressure was measured, and a fasting blood sample was collected to determine cardiometabolic disease risk markers. Correlations between body composition, circulating risk markers and dietary macronutrients were assessed prior to multivariate regression analysis. The effect of increasing intakes of dietary SFA on outcome measures was assessed using ANCOVA after adjusting for covariates.
Results Abdominal visceral adipose tissue (VAT) mass was moderately positively correlated with total cholesterol (TC), LDL-C, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure and HOMA-IR (rs = 0.25–0.44, p < 0.01). In multiple regression analysis, 18.3% of the variability in LDL-C was explained by SFA intake [% total energy (TE)], abdominal VAT mass, carbohydrate%TE and fat%TE intakes. When data were stratified according to increasing SFA%TE intakes, fasting TC, LDL-C and non-high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol were higher in Q4 compared with Q2 (p ≤ 0.03). SBP was higher in Q4 versus Q3 (p = 0.01). Android lean mass was also higher in Q3 versus Q1 (p = 0.02). Other anthropometric and CVD risk markers were not different across quartile groups. Conclusions Although dietary SFA was found to explain 9% of the variability in LDL-C, stratification of data according to quartiles of SFA intake did not reveal a dose-dependent relationship with LDL-C concentration. Furthermore, this association appeared to be independent of abdominal obesity in this cohort. Clinical Trail registration: Trial registration: clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02658539. Registered 20 January 2016, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02658539. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12986-022-00650-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezgi Ozen
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research and Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, University of Reading, Harry Nursten Building, Whiteknights, Pepper Lane, Reading, RG6 6DZ, UK
| | - Rada Mihaylova
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research and Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, University of Reading, Harry Nursten Building, Whiteknights, Pepper Lane, Reading, RG6 6DZ, UK
| | - Michelle Weech
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research and Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, University of Reading, Harry Nursten Building, Whiteknights, Pepper Lane, Reading, RG6 6DZ, UK
| | - Sam Kinsella
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research and Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, University of Reading, Harry Nursten Building, Whiteknights, Pepper Lane, Reading, RG6 6DZ, UK
| | - Julie A Lovegrove
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research and Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, University of Reading, Harry Nursten Building, Whiteknights, Pepper Lane, Reading, RG6 6DZ, UK
| | - Kim G Jackson
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research and Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, University of Reading, Harry Nursten Building, Whiteknights, Pepper Lane, Reading, RG6 6DZ, UK.
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Shokoohi Nahrkhalaji A, Ahmadi R, Fadaei R, Panahi G, Razzaghi M, Fallah S. Higher serum level of CTRP15 in patients with coronary artery disease is associated with disease severity, body mass index and insulin resistance. Arch Physiol Biochem 2022; 128:276-280. [PMID: 31608708 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2019.1675713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CTRP15 is a prologue of adiponectin which has shown to have favourable effects on glucose and lipid metabolism. Studies have reported lower levels of CTRP15 in T2DM and metabolic syndrome; however, its circulating levels have not been evaluated in CAD patients. METHODS This case-control study was conducted on 190 angiographically confirmed coronary artery disease (CAD) patients and 70 controls. Serum levels of CTRP15, adiponectin, TNF-α, and IL-6 were measured using the ELISA technique. RESULTS CTRP15 was shown to occur in higher levels in CAD patients compared with controls. In CAD patients, CTRP15 showed a positive correlation with BMI, FBS, insulin, HOMA-IR, IL-6, and TNF-α and a negative correlation with HDL-C and adiponectin. CONCLUSION Elevated levels of CTRP15 in CAD patients and the relation of CTRP15 with pathogenic conditions such as insulin resistance, inflammation, and decreased adiponectin and HDL-C suggest a possible compensatory response to these conditions in CAD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Reza Ahmadi
- Clinical Biochemistry Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Reza Fadaei
- Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ghodratollah Panahi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Malihe Razzaghi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soudabeh Fallah
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Vasilyeva LE, Drapkina OM. Impact of Gut Microbiota on the Risk of Cardiometabolic Diseases Development. RATIONAL PHARMACOTHERAPY IN CARDIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.20996/1819-6446-2021-10-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a multifactorial disease that leads to excessive adipose tissue accumulation, mainly visceral fat. Importance and prevalence of obesity has increased significantly in recent decades all over the world. Until now, the pandemic of obesity has been associated more to lifestyle changes: excessive eating and low physical activity. In recent years, special attention has been paid to studying of composition and functions of intestinal microbiota as major factor in development of obesity and related comorbidities, such as hypertension, cardiac ischemia, heart failure and others. It is proved that gut microbiota affects extraction, accumulation and consumption of energy derived from food, lipid metabolism and immune response. It is also revealed that composition of the microbiota is different in thin and obese people. Thus, study of the relationship between intestinal microbiota composition and risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, in particular obesity, is an actual task. The purpose of this review is analyzing of literature about assessment of relationship between composition and functions of intestinal microbiota in the diagnostics, prevention and treatment of obesity and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. E. Vasilyeva
- National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine
| | - O. M. Drapkina
- National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine
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Ntlahla EE, Mfengu MM, Engwa GA, Nkeh-Chungag BN, Sewani-Rusike CR. Gut permeability is associated with hypertension and measures of obesity but not with Endothelial Dysfunction in South African youth. Afr Health Sci 2021; 21:1172-1184. [PMID: 35222580 PMCID: PMC8843265 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v21i3.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Though gut permeability has shown to be associated with measures of obesity and hypertension, its relationship with endothelial dysfunction, an early predictor for cardiovascular diseases remains unknown. Objective This study assessed the relationship between hypertension, measures of obesity, gut permeability and endothelial dysfunction. Methods A cross-sectional quantitative study which enrolled 151 South African youths was conducted. Anthropometric and blood pressure measurements were performed. Zonulin, a marker for gut permeability; adiponectin, an anti-inflammatory molecule, as well as asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and Nitric oxide (NO) which are markers for endothelialfunction were assayed. Results Approximately eighteen percent (17.88%) of the participants were hypertensive while 40.4% were pre-hypertensive. Adiponectin significantly increased in hypertensive subjects and negatively correlated (p<0.05) with measures of obesity but was not associated with gut permeability and endothelial dysfunction. Increased body mass index (BMI) and visceral fat (VF) predicted reduced adiponectin (inflammation). Zonulin was significantly higher (p<0.05) in hypertensive subjects and positively associated (p<0.05) with systolic blood pressure (SBP) in females. A positive relationship (p<0.05) was observed between zonulin and measurements of obesity. Moreover, zonulin negatively associated (p<0.05) with ADMA but positively associated (p<0.05) with NO in males. Increased VF and waist circumference predicted gut permeability. Conclusion Gut permeability was associated with hypertension and measures of obesity but not with markers of endothelial dysfunction in a South African youth population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezona E Ntlahla
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Walter Sisulu University PBX1, 5117, Mthatha, South Africa
| | - Mvuyisi Mo Mfengu
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Walter Sisulu University PBX1, 5117, Mthatha, South Africa
| | - Godwill A Engwa
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Walter Sisulu University PBX1, 5117, Mthatha, South Africa
| | - Benedicta N Nkeh-Chungag
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Walter Sisulu University PBX1, 5117, Mthatha, South Africa
| | - Constance R Sewani-Rusike
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Walter Sisulu University PBX1, 5117, Mthatha, South Africa
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11
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Chang ML, Hu JH, Pao LH, Lin MS, Kuo CJ, Chen SC, Fan CM, Chang MY, Chien RN. Critical role of triglycerides for adiponectin levels in hepatitis C: a joint study of human and HCV core transgenic mice. BMC Immunol 2021; 22:54. [PMID: 34380427 PMCID: PMC8359585 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-021-00445-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Both hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and adiponectin are critically involved in metabolism. The reversal and associations of altering adiponectin levels after sustained virological responses (SVRs) following direct-acting antivirals (DAA) in HCV-infected patients remained elusive. Methods A joint study was conducted in a prospective cohort of 427 HCV-infected patients and a line of HCV core transgenic mice. Results Of 427, 358 had completed a course of DAA therapy and 353 had SVRs. At baseline, male sex (95% CI β: − 1.44 to − 0.417), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (− 0.025 to − 0.008), triglycerides (− 0.015 to − 0.005), and fibrosis-4 levels (0.08–0.297) were associated with adiponectin levels; BMI (0.029–0.327) and triglycerides levels (0.01–0.03) were associated with homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in HCV-infected patients. At 24-week post-therapy, in SVR patients, male sex (− 1.89 to − 0.5) and eGFR (− 0.02 to − 0.001) levels were associated with adiponectin levels, levels of BMI (0.094–0.335) and alanine transaminase (0.018–0.078) were associated with HOMA-IR; compared with baseline levels, adiponectin levels decreased (6.53 ± 2.77 vs. 5.45 ± 2.56 μg/mL, p < 0.001). In 12-month-old HCV core transgenic mice with hepatic steatosis, triglyceride levels (0.021–0.111) were associated with adiponectin levels, and hepatic adipopnectin expression was comparable with that of control mice. Conclusions Triglycerides and hepatic fibrosis are associated with HCV-specific alteration of adiponectin levels, and adiponectin may affect insulin sensitivity through triglycerides during HCV infection. In DAA-treated patients, after SVR, adiponectin levels decreased and the linking function of triglycerides between adiponectin and insulin sensitivity vanished. Moreover, HCV core with hepatic steatosis might affect extrahepatic adiponectin expression through triglycerides. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12865-021-00445-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Ling Chang
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No 5, Fu Hsing Street, Kuei Shan, Taoyuan, Taiwan. .,Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Jing-Hong Hu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Yunlin, Taiwan
| | - Li-Heng Pao
- Graduate Institute of Health-Industry Technology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shyan Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Failure Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Yunlin, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Jung Kuo
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No 5, Fu Hsing Street, Kuei Shan, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shiang-Chi Chen
- Department of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ming Fan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yu Chang
- Division of Pediatric Neurologic Medicine, Chang Gung Children's Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Division of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Rong-Nan Chien
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No 5, Fu Hsing Street, Kuei Shan, Taoyuan, Taiwan. .,Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan. .,Liver Research Unit, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No 5, Fu Hsing Street, Kuei Shan, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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12
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Elalouf O, Lidar M, Reitblat T, Zisman D, Balbir-Gurman A, Hakakian O, Mashiach T, Almog R, Elkayam O. High Body Mass Index is Associated with Shorter Retention of Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha Blocker Treatment in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Biologics 2021; 15:279-287. [PMID: 34321864 PMCID: PMC8312506 DOI: 10.2147/btt.s290169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the association between body mass index (BMI) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) blockers retention in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Patients and Methods This prospective cohort study analyzed data about patients with RA who initiated TNF blockers from the Israeli registry of inflammatory diseases from 2011 to 2019. Patients were grouped by BMI: normal (BMI <24.9 kg/m2), overweight (BMI 25–29.9 kg/m2), obese (BMI 30–34.9 kg/m2) and morbid obese (BMI ≥35 kg/m2). Treatment cessation due to inefficacy was defined as an “event” and therapy with a drug above 3 months was defined as a “course.” Kaplan–Meier survival curve was used to describe drug survival. Event-free survival was calculated using Cox regression with a hazard ratio and confidence interval of 95%. Results The final analysis included 521 RA patients (80% females) treated with etanercept, infliximab, adalimumab or golimumab. Eight hundred and eighteen treatment initiations were included in the final analysis, 334 (41%) in the normal weight group, 261 (32%) in the overweight, 144 (17%) in the obese and 79 (10%) in the morbid obesity group. Three hundred and twenty-six (40%) treatment initiations were with etanercept, 215 (26%) with adalimumab 197 (24%) with infliximab, and 80 (10%) with golimumab. BMI was inversely associated with drug survival. Morbid obese patients were more likely to discontinue treatment compared with normal weight patients HR 2.28 (95% CI 1.67–3.10, p<0.01). This association remained significant for each drug type (except for golimumab) in a subgroup analysis. Adalimumab switch rate was higher compared to etanercept with HR =1.51 (95% CI 1.20–1.91, p<0.01), no other significant differences were noted between the other drugs. Conclusion Morbid obese RA patients have lower TNF-α blocker retention compared to normal weight patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ofir Elalouf
- Department of Rheumatology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Merav Lidar
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Rheumatology Unit, The Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | | | - Devy Zisman
- Department of Rheumatology, Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | | | - Odelia Hakakian
- Department of Rheumatology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Tanya Mashiach
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ronit Almog
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ori Elkayam
- Department of Rheumatology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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13
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Hassannejad R, Sharrouf H, Haghighatdoost F, Kirk B, Amirabdollahian F. Diagnostic Power of Circulatory Metabolic Biomarkers as Metabolic Syndrome Risk Predictors in Community-Dwelling Older Adults in Northwest of England (A Feasibility Study). Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13072275. [PMID: 34209146 PMCID: PMC8308366 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of risk factors for diabetes and cardiovascular diseases with pathophysiology strongly linked to aging. A range of circulatory metabolic biomarkers such as inflammatory adipokines have been associated with MetS; however, the diagnostic power of these markers as MetS risk correlates in elderly has yet to be elucidated. This cross-sectional study investigated the diagnostic power of circulatory metabolic biomarkers as MetS risk correlates in older adults. Methods: Hundred community dwelling older adults (mean age: 68.7 years) were recruited in a study, where their blood pressure, body composition and Pulse Wave Velocity (PWV) were measured; and their fasting capillary and venous blood were collected. The components of the MetS; and the serum concentrations of Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α), Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-I (PAI-I), Leptin, Adiponectin, Resistin, Cystatin-C, C-Reactive Protein (CRP), insulin and ferritin were measured within the laboratory, and the HOMA1-IR and Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP) were calculated. Results: Apart from other markers which were related with some cardiometabolic (CM) risk, after Bonferroni correction insulin had significant association with all components of Mets and AIP. These associations also remained significant in multivariate regression. The multivariate odds ratio (OR with 95% confidence interval (CI)) showed a statistically significant association between IL-6 (OR: 1.32 (1.06–1.64)), TNF-α (OR: 1.37 (1.02–1.84)), Resistin (OR: 1.27 (1.04–1.54)) and CRP (OR: 1.29 (1.09–1.54)) with MetS risk; however, these associations were not found when the model was adjusted for age, dietary intake and adiposity. In unadjusted models, insulin was consistently statistically associated with at least two CM risk factors (OR: 1.33 (1.16–1.53)) and MetS risk (OR: 1.24 (1.12–1.37)) and in adjusted models it was found to be associated with at least two CM risk factors and MetS risk (OR: 1.87 (1.24–2.83) and OR: 1.25 (1.09–1.43)) respectively. Area under curve (AUC) for receiver operating characteristics (ROC) demonstrated a good discriminatory diagnostics power of insulin with AUC: 0.775 (0.683–0.866) and 0.785 by cross validation and bootstrapping samples for at least two CM risk factors and AUC: 0.773 (0.653–0.893) and 0.783 by cross validation and bootstrapping samples for MetS risk. This was superior to all other AUC reported from the ROC analysis of other biomarkers. Area under precision-recall curve for insulin was also superior to all other markers (0.839 and 0.586 for at least two CM risk factors and MetS, respectively). Conclusion: Fasting serum insulin concentration was statistically linked with MetS and its risk, and this link is stronger than all other biomarkers. Our ROC analysis confirmed the discriminatory diagnostic power of insulin as CM and MetS risk correlate in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razieh Hassannejad
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8158388994, Iran; (R.H.); (F.H.)
| | - Hamsa Sharrouf
- School of Health Sciences, Liverpool Hope University, Liverpool L16 9JD, UK; (H.S.); (B.K.)
| | - Fahimeh Haghighatdoost
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8158388994, Iran; (R.H.); (F.H.)
| | - Ben Kirk
- School of Health Sciences, Liverpool Hope University, Liverpool L16 9JD, UK; (H.S.); (B.K.)
- Department of Medicine-Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Furlong Road, St. Albans, Melbourne, VIC 3021, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Geroscience & Osteosarcopenia Research Program, The University of Melbourne and Western Health, St. Albans, Melbourne, VIC 3201, Australia
| | - Farzad Amirabdollahian
- School of Health Sciences, Liverpool Hope University, Liverpool L16 9JD, UK; (H.S.); (B.K.)
- Correspondence:
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14
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Phimarn W, Sungthong B, Itabe H. Effects of Triphala on Lipid and Glucose Profiles and Anthropometric Parameters: A Systematic Review. J Evid Based Integr Med 2021; 26:2515690X211011038. [PMID: 33886393 PMCID: PMC8072855 DOI: 10.1177/2515690x211011038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim. The efficacy of triphala on lipid profile, blood glucose and anthropometric parameters and its safety were assessed. Methods. Databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and Thai Library Integrated System (ThaiLIS) were systematically searched to review current evidence of randomized controlled trials (RCT) on triphala. RCTs investigating the safety and efficacy of triphala on lipid profile, blood glucose and anthropometric parameters were included. Study selection, data extraction, and quality assessment were performed independently by 2 authors. Results. Twelve studies on a total of 749 patients were included. The triphala-treated groups showed significantly reduced low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, total cholesterol and triglyceride in 6 studies. Five RCTs demonstrated triphala-treated groups led to statistically significant decrease in body weight, body mass index and waist circumference of obese patients. Moreover, triphala significantly decreased fasting blood glucose level in diabetic patients but not in people without diabetes. No serious adverse event associated with triphala was reported during treatment. Conclusions. This review summarized a current evidence to show triphala might improve the lipid profile, blood glucose, the body weight, body mass index and waist circumference under certain conditions. However, large well-designed RCTs are required to confirm this conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiraphol Phimarn
- Social Pharmacy Research Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, 54783Mahasarakham University, Kantharawichai, Maha Sarakham, Thailand.,Division of Biological Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Showa University School of Pharmacy, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Bunleu Sungthong
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Natural Products Research Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahasarakham University, Kantharawichai, Maha Sarakham, Thailand
| | - Hiroyuki Itabe
- Division of Biological Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Showa University School of Pharmacy, Tokyo, Japan
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15
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Liang Y, Wang M, Wang C, Liu Y, Naruse K, Takahashi K. The Mechanisms of the Development of Atherosclerosis in Prediabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084108. [PMID: 33921168 PMCID: PMC8071517 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lifestyle changes, such as overeating and underexercising, can increase the risk of prediabetes. Diabetes is one of the leading causes of atherosclerosis, and recently it became clear that the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis progresses even before the onset of diabetic symptoms. In addition to changes in platelets and leukocytes in the hyperglycemic state and damage to vascular endothelial cells, extracellular vesicles and microRNAs were found to be involved in the progression of prediabetes atherosclerosis. This review discusses the cellular and molecular mechanisms of these processes, with an intention to enable a comprehensive understanding of the pathophysiology of prediabetes and atherosclerosis.
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16
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Relation of Adiponectin to Cardiovascular Events and Mortality in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome. Am J Cardiol 2021; 140:7-12. [PMID: 33144157 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2020.10.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The association between serum adiponectin levels and cardiovascular events, particularly how adiponectin predicts the development of cardiovascular events and mortality in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients remains unresolved. Hence, we aimed to determine whether higher adiponectin levels predict cardiovascular events and mortality in these patients. Regression analyses were performed to clarify adiponectin's ability to predict cardiovascular events and mortality among 1,641 ACS patients. Subgroup analyses were performed according to gender, age, and body mass index (BMI). The primary end point was a composite of the first all-cause death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or nonfatal stroke event. The secondary end point was all-cause death. Hazard ratios for the primary and secondary end points per 5-µg/ml increase in adiponectin levels were 1.31 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.13 to 1.47; p = 0.0007) and 1.32 (95% CI, 1.13 to 1.51; p = 0.001), respectively. Higher adiponectin levels were associated with increased cardiovascular events in men, patients aged ≥65 years, and those with BMI <25 kg/m2. In conclusion, higher adiponectin levels were associated with increased cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality in ACS patients. Its predictive ability might be limited in women, patients aged <65 years, and patients with BMI ≥25 kg/m2.
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17
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Role of Adiponectin and Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor in Metabolic Regulation Involved in Adiposity and Body Fat Browning. J Clin Med 2020; 10:jcm10010056. [PMID: 33375318 PMCID: PMC7794779 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10010056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity, characterized by excessive fat mass, has been emerging as a major global epidemic and contributes to the increased risk of morbidity around the world. Thus, the necessity to find effective therapy and specific regulatory mechanisms is increasing for controlling obesity. Lately, many researchers have been interested in the linkage between obesity and adipokines/myokines, particularly adiponectin and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). However, the role of adiponectin and BDNF in adiposity has not been clearly defined yet. We examined the association of adiposity with adiponectin and BDNF through human study (observational study) with Korean women and in vitro experiments. In the human study, we found a negative relationship between adiposity and circulating adiponectins but irregular patterns in the relationship between adiposity and circulating BDNFs. In the in vitro study using 3T3-L1 adipocytes, adiponectin treatment strongly promoted adipocyte differentiation and the fat browning process, whereas BDNF treatment attenuated adipocyte differentiation and the fat browning process in differentiated adipocytes. Our results demonstrate that adiponectin and BDNF play an important role in regulating fat mass and the expression of fat-browning markers in different ways, and also suggest that circulating adiponectin may be used as an important monitoring index for obesity status.
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18
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Abeyratne T, Perera R, Fernando S. Obesity and cardiovascular risk among Sri Lankan adolescents: Association of adipokines with anthropometric indices of obesity and lipid profile. Nutrition 2020; 78:110942. [PMID: 32854019 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2020.110942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Obesity and being overweight among adolescents pose a significant problem and are known to cause several physical and biochemical disorders during adulthood. This study was designed to identify the biomarkers of obesity and describe associations with selected metabolic disorders of obesity among Sri Lankan adolescents. METHODS The present study compared the characteristics of obese (n = 121) and normal weight (n = 263) adolescents, including sociodemographic, anthropometric, and selected biochemical parameters (e.g., lipid profile, serum leptin, adiponectin, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein [hs-CRP]). An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique and fully automated clinical chemistry analyzer were used to analyze the biochemical parameters among adolescents ages 10 to 16. RESULTS The mean age of the sample was 13.1 y [standard deviation (SD): 1.9 y], and the male-to-female ratio 1:1. The mean weight of obese children was 55.70 kg (SD: 14.82 kg), which was significantly higher than that of children of normal weight [41.63 kg (SD: 7.88 kg)]. Total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were significantly higher (P = 0.000) among obese adolescents compared with those of normal weight. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol was significantly lower among obese adolescents. Serum leptin and hs-CRP were higher among obese adolescents, but adiponectin was lower. In the multivariate analysis, owing to confounding effects among the tested adipokines, serum leptin was the only predictor of an abnormal lipid profile. CONCLUSIONS Serum leptin, adiponectin, and hs-CRP were found to be reliable biomarkers of predicting adiposity related metabolic disorders in adolescents. Obese adolescents showed disorders in the lipid metabolism with abnormal lipid profiles compared with children of normal weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thilini Abeyratne
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Gangodawila, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Rasika Perera
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Gangodawila, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka.
| | - Sharaine Fernando
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Gangodawila, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
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19
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Tun S, Spainhower CJ, Cottrill CL, Lakhani HV, Pillai SS, Dilip A, Chaudhry H, Shapiro JI, Sodhi K. Therapeutic Efficacy of Antioxidants in Ameliorating Obesity Phenotype and Associated Comorbidities. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:1234. [PMID: 32903449 PMCID: PMC7438597 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity has been a worldwide epidemic for decades. Despite the abundant increase in knowledge regarding the etiology and pathogenesis of obesity, the prevalence continues to rise with estimates predicting considerably higher numbers by the year 2030. Obesity is characterized by an abnormal lipid accumulation, however, the physiological consequences of obesity are far more concerning. The development of the obesity phenotype constitutes dramatic alterations in adipocytes, along with several other cellular mechanisms which causes substantial increase in systemic oxidative stress mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS). These alterations promote a chronic state of inflammation in the body caused by the redox imbalance. Together, the systemic oxidative stress and chronic inflammation plays a vital role in maintaining the obese state and exacerbating onset of cardiovascular complications, Type II diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, and other conditions where obesity has been linked as a significant risk factor. Because of the apparent role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of obesity, there has been a growing interest in attenuating the pro-oxidant state in obesity. Hence, this review aims to highlight the therapeutic role of antioxidants, agents that negate pro-oxidant state of cells, in ameliorating obesity and associated comorbidities. More specifically, this review will explore how various antioxidants target unique and diverse pathways to exhibit an antioxidant defense mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Tun
- Departments of Medicine, Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, Marshall University Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Huntington, WV, United States
| | - Caleb James Spainhower
- Departments of Medicine, Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, Marshall University Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Huntington, WV, United States
| | - Cameron Lee Cottrill
- Departments of Medicine, Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, Marshall University Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Huntington, WV, United States
| | - Hari Vishal Lakhani
- Departments of Medicine, Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, Marshall University Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Huntington, WV, United States
| | - Sneha S Pillai
- Departments of Medicine, Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, Marshall University Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Huntington, WV, United States
| | - Anum Dilip
- Departments of Medicine, Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, Marshall University Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Huntington, WV, United States
| | - Hibba Chaudhry
- Departments of Medicine, Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, Marshall University Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Huntington, WV, United States
| | - Joseph I Shapiro
- Departments of Medicine, Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, Marshall University Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Huntington, WV, United States
| | - Komal Sodhi
- Departments of Medicine, Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, Marshall University Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Huntington, WV, United States
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20
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Toczylowski K, Hirnle T, Harasiuk D, Zabielski P, Lewczuk A, Dmitruk I, Ksiazek M, Sulik A, Gorski J, Chabowski A, Baranowski M. Plasma concentration and expression of adipokines in epicardial and subcutaneous adipose tissue are associated with impaired left ventricular filling pattern. J Transl Med 2019; 17:310. [PMID: 31533725 PMCID: PMC6751580 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-019-2060-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adipokines in serum derive mainly from subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissues. Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT), being a relatively small but unique fat depot, probably does not make an important contribution to systemic concentrations of adipokines. However, proximity of EAT to cardiac muscle and coronary arteries allows cells and proteins to penetrate between tissues. It is hypothesized that overexpression of proinflammatory cytokines in EAT plays an important role in pathophysiology of the heart. The aim of the study was to analyze the relationship between echocardiographic heart parameters and adipokines in plasma, epicardial, and subcutaneous fat in patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Additionally, we evaluate proinflammatory properties of EAT by comparing that depot with subcutaneous adipose tissue. Methods The study included 55 male individuals diagnosed with coronary artery disease (CAD) who underwent planned coronary artery bypass graft. Plasma concentrations of leptin, adiponectin, resistin, visfatin, apelin, IL-6, and TNF-α, as well as their mRNA and protein expressions in EAT and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) were determined. Results Obesity and diabetes were associated with increased leptin and decreased adiponectin plasma levels, higher protein expression of leptin and IL-6 in SAT, and higher visfatin protein expression in EAT. Impaired left ventricular (LV) diastolic function was associated with increased plasma concentrations of leptin, resistin, IL-6, and adiponectin, as well as with increased expressions of resistin, apelin, and adiponectin in SAT, and leptin in EAT. Conclusions Obesity and T2DM in individuals with CAD have a limited effect on adipokines. Expression of adipokines in EAT and SAT is linked to certain heart parameters, however diastolic dysfunction of the LV is strongly associated with circulating adipokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kacper Toczylowski
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 17, 15-274, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Tomasz Hirnle
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Bialystok, Sklodowskiej 24A, 15-276, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Dorota Harasiuk
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Piotr Zabielski
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Anna Lewczuk
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Bialystok, Sklodowskiej 24A, 15-276, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Iwona Dmitruk
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Bialystok, Sklodowskiej 24A, 15-276, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Monika Ksiazek
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Artur Sulik
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 17, 15-274, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Jan Gorski
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Adrian Chabowski
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Marcin Baranowski
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222, Bialystok, Poland.
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Hausmann J, Waechtershaeuser A, Behnken I, Aksan A, Blumenstein I, Brenner M, Loitsch SM, Stein J. The role of adipokines in the improvement of diabetic and cardiovascular risk factors within a 52-week weight-loss programme for obesity. Obes Res Clin Pract 2019; 13:440-447. [PMID: 31591082 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2019.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Taylor LE, Ramirez LA, Musall JB, Sullivan JC. Tipping the scales: Are females more at risk for obesity- and high-fat diet-induced hypertension and vascular dysfunction? Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:4226-4242. [PMID: 31271650 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a common metabolic disorder that has become a widespread epidemic in several countries. Sex and gender disparities in the prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) have been well documented with premenopausal women having a lower incidence of CVD than age-matched men. However, women are more likely than men to suffer from obesity, which can predispose them to a greater risk of CVD. The mechanisms underlying high-fat diet (HFD)- or obesity-induced hypertension are not well defined, although immune system activation and inflammation have been implicated in several studies. Further, the sex of the subject can have a profound influence on the immune response to hypertensive stimuli. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to examine the effects of sex and gender on the role of the immune system in HFD-induced hypertension and vascular dysfunction. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed section on The Importance of Sex Differences in Pharmacology Research. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.21/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lia E Taylor
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Lindsey A Ramirez
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Jacqueline B Musall
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Jennifer C Sullivan
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
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Psoriatic arthritis and obesity: the role of anti-IL-12/IL-23 treatment. Clin Rheumatol 2019; 38:2355-2362. [DOI: 10.1007/s10067-019-04663-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Chauhan S, Dunlap K, Duffy LK. Effects of Methylmercury and Theaflavin Digallate on Adipokines in Mature 3T3-L1 Adipocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20112755. [PMID: 31195622 PMCID: PMC6600166 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a contributor to morbidity across the globe and is often associated with obesity, metabolic syndrome and other inflammatory diseases associated with aging. In addition to genetic and lifestyle factors, environmental factors such as metals and persistent organic pollutants may increase the severity or lower the threshold of these conditions. In cell culture, methylmercury is toxic to adipocytes and may impact adipokine secretions. In this study, we determined the effects of different concentrations of theaflavin digallate on methylmercury exposed 3T3-L1 adipocytes in cell culture. Secretions of resistin, adiponectin and lipid peroxidation product, 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) were monitored using ELISA assays. Cell morphology of methylmercury and theaflavin-3,3'-digallate treated adipocytes was assessed using Lipid (Oil Red O) staining. Exposure to methylmercury increased the levels of resistin and adiponectin as well as 4-HNE when compared to the control cells. Methylmercury treated cells resulted in smaller number of adipocytes and clumped lipid droplets. These results suggest that methylmercury induces reactive oxygen species leading to development of an inflammatory response. Theaflavin-3,3'-digallate reduced the impact of methylmercury by maintaining the adipocytes morphology and secretion patterns of adiponectin, resistin and 4-hydroxynonenal. With this experimental model system other anti-inflammatory and signaling agents could be tested at the biochemical level before eventually leading to studies in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhangi Chauhan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775-6160, USA.
- Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775-7000, USA.
| | - Kriya Dunlap
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775-6160, USA.
- Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775-7000, USA.
| | - Lawrence K Duffy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775-6160, USA.
- Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775-7000, USA.
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Zhou L, He W, Wang W, Zhou D. Altered circulating levels of adipokine omentin-1 in patients with prostate cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:3313-3319. [PMID: 31118682 PMCID: PMC6503326 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s197507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Prostate cancer (PCa), one of the most common cancers in men, accounts for nearly 20% of adult malignant neoplasms. Omentin-1 is synthesized in visceral adipose tissue and its concentration in plasma changes with cancers. However, the association between omentin-1 and PCa was rarely studied. Thus, we investigated the plasma omentin-1 levels in PCa patients in Chinese population. Materials and methods: Ninety cases of PCa and 90 matched healthy controls were enrolled in this study. We used ELISA technique to determine the concentration of omentin-1. Results: The concentration of omentin-1 was higher in patients with PCa compared to controls (P<0.001). Additionally, positive correlations were uncovered between omentin-1 with body mass index (r=0.240, P=0.001), waist-hip ratio (r=0.228, P=0.002), and prostate-specific antigen (r=0.589, P<0.001). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis indicated that plasma omentin-1 differentiated PCa patients from controls with a sensitivity of 85.9% and a specificity of 83.7%. Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that the levels of plasma omentin-1 were increased in PCa patients. Meanwhile, omentin-1 may be a possible biomarker for diagnosing PCa. For validation, more studies should focus on and elucidate the potential mechanism underlying this change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhou
- Department of Medical Record and Statistics, Anhui No.2 Provincial People's Hospital, Hefei, Anhui, 230041, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiming He
- Department of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjun Wang
- Department of Medical Record and Statistics, Anhui No.2 Provincial People's Hospital, Hefei, Anhui, 230041, People's Republic of China
| | - Daoping Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Anhui No.2 Provincial People's Hospital, Hefei, Anhui, 230041, People's Republic of China
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The Protective Role of Adiponectin for Lipoproteins in End-Stage Renal Disease Patients: Relationship with Diabetes and Body Mass Index. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:3021785. [PMID: 30911344 PMCID: PMC6397972 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3021785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) events are the main causes of death in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients on dialysis. The number and severity of CVD events remain inappropriate and difficult to explain by considering only the classic CVD risk factors. Our aim was to clarify the changes and the relationship of lipoprotein subfractions with other CVD risk factors, namely, body mass index (BMI) and adipokines, inflammation and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation, and the burden of the most prevalent comorbidities, diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension (HT). We studied 194 ESRD patients on dialysis and 22 controls; lipid profile, including lipoprotein subpopulations and oxidized LDL (oxLDL), C-reactive protein (CRP), adiponectin, leptin, and paraoxonase 1 activity were evaluated. Compared to controls, patients presented significantly lower levels of cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc), LDLc, oxLDL, and intermediate and small HDL and higher triglycerides, CRP, adiponectin, large HDL, very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), and intermediate-density lipoprotein- (IDL) B. Adiponectin levels correlated positively with large HDL and negatively with intermediate and small HDL, oxLDL/LDLc, and BMI; patients with DM (n = 17) and with DM+HT (n = 70), as compared to patients without DM or HT (n = 69) or only with HT (n = 38), presented significantly higher oxLDL, oxLDL/LDLc, and leptin and lower adiponectin. Obese patients (n = 45), as compared to normoponderal patients (n = 81), showed lower HDLc, adiponectin, and large HDL and significantly higher leptin, VLDL, and intermediate and small HDL. In ESRD, the higher adiponectin seems to favor atheroprotective HDL modifications and protect LDL particles from oxidative atherogenic changes. However, in diabetic and obese patients, adiponectin presents the lowest values, oxLDL/LDLc present the highest ones, and the HDL profile is the more atherogenic. Our data suggest that the coexistence of DM and adiposity in ESRD patients on dialysis contributes to a higher CVD risk, as showed by their lipid and adipokine profiles.
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Wadey RM, Connolly KD, Mathew D, Walters G, Rees DA, James PE. Inflammatory adipocyte-derived extracellular vesicles promote leukocyte attachment to vascular endothelial cells. Atherosclerosis 2019; 283:19-27. [PMID: 30771557 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2019.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Obesity is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, but the mechanisms involved are not completely understood. In obesity, the adipocyte microenvironment is characterised by both hypoxia and inflammation. Therefore, we sought to determine whether extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from adipocytes in this setting might be involved in mediating cardiovascular disease, specifically by promoting leukocyte attachment to vascular endothelial cells. METHODS Mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes were incubated for 24 h under control, TNF-α (30 ng/mL), hypoxia (1% O2), or TNF-α+hypoxia (30 ng/mL, 1% O2) conditions. EVs were isolated by differential ultracentrifugation and analysed by nanoparticle tracking analysis. Primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with EVs for 6 h before being lysed for Western blotting to investigate changes in adhesion molecule production, or for use in leukocyte attachment assays. RESULTS EVs from adipocytes treated with TNF-α and TNF-α+hypoxia increased vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM-1) production in HUVECs compared to basal level (4.2 ± 0.6 and 3.8 ± 0.3-fold increase, respectively (p < 0.05)), an effect that was inhibited by an anti-TNF-α neutralising antibody. Production of other adhesion molecules (E-selectin, P-selectin, platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule and VE-Cadherin) was unchanged. Pre-incubating HUVECs with TNF-α+hypoxia EVs significantly increased leukocyte attachment compared to basal level (3.0 ± 0.4-fold increase (p < 0.05)). CONCLUSIONS Inflammatory adipocyte EVs induce VCAM-1 production in vascular endothelial cells, accompanied by enhanced leukocyte attachment. Preventing adipocyte derived EV-induced VCAM-1 upregulation may offer a novel therapeutic target in the prevention of obesity-driven cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca M Wadey
- Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, 200 Western Avenue, Cardiff, CF5 2YB, UK
| | - Katherine D Connolly
- Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, 200 Western Avenue, Cardiff, CF5 2YB, UK
| | - Donna Mathew
- Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, 200 Western Avenue, Cardiff, CF5 2YB, UK
| | - Gareth Walters
- Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, 200 Western Avenue, Cardiff, CF5 2YB, UK
| | - D Aled Rees
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Philip E James
- Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, 200 Western Avenue, Cardiff, CF5 2YB, UK.
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Rameshrad M, Razavi BM, Imenshahidi M, Hosseinzadeh H. Vitis vinifera(grape) seed extract and resveratrol alleviate bisphenol-A-induced metabolic syndrome: Biochemical and molecular evidences. Phytother Res 2019; 33:832-844. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Rameshrad
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
| | - Bibi Marjan Razavi
- Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
| | - Mohsen Imenshahidi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
| | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
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Abstract
BACKGROUND This is an overview of the mechanisms of obesity and its relation to cardiovascular risks, describing the available treatment options to manage this condition. MAIN BODY The pathogenesis of obesity includes the balance between calories consumed and energy expenditure followed by the maintenance of body weight. Diet, physical activity, environmental, behavioral and physiological factors are part of the complex process of weight loss, since there are several hormones and peptides involved in regulation of appetite, eating behavior and energy expenditure. The cardiovascular complications associated to obesity are also driven by processes involving hormones and peptides and which include inflammation, insulin resistance, endothelial dysfunction, coronary calcification, activation of coagulation, renin angiotensin or the sympathetic nervous systems. Pharmacological treatments are often needed to insure weight loss and weight maintenance as adjuncts to diet and physical activity in people with obesity and overweight patients. CONCLUSION To accomplish satisfactory goals, patients and physicians seek for weight loss, weight maintenance and improvement of the risk factors associated to this condition, especially cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Cercato
- Grupo de Obesidade e Síndrome Metabólica, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - F. A. Fonseca
- Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Loefgren 1350, São Paulo, SP CEP 04040-001 Brazil
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Varga I, Kyselovič J, Galfiova P, Danisovic L. The Non-cardiomyocyte Cells of the Heart. Their Possible Roles in Exercise-Induced Cardiac Regeneration and Remodeling. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 999:117-136. [PMID: 29022261 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-4307-9_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The non-cardiomyocyte cellular microenvironment of the heart includes diverse types of cells of mesenchymal origin. During development, the majority of these cells derive from the epicardium, while a subset derives from the endothelium/endocardium and neural crest derived mesenchyme. This subset includes cardiac fibroblasts and telocytes, the latter of which are a controversial type of "connecting cell" that support resident cardiac progenitors in the postnatal heart. Smooth muscle cells, pericytes, and endothelial cells are also present, in addition to adipocytes, which accumulate as epicardial adipose connective tissue. Furthermore, the heart harbors many cells of hematopoietic origin, such as mast cells, macrophages, and other immune cell populations. Most of these control immune reactions and inflammation. All of the above-mentioned non-cardiomyocyte cells of the heart contribute to this organ's well-orchestrated physiology. These cells also contribute to regeneration as a result of injury or age, in addition to tissue remodeling triggered by chronic disease or increased physical activity (exercise-induced cardiac growth). These processes in the heart, the most important vital organ in the human body, are not only fascinating from a scientific standpoint, but they are also clinically important. It is well-known that regular exercise can help prevent many cardiovascular diseases. However, the precise mechanisms underpinning myocardial remodeling triggered by physical activity are still unknown. Surprisingly, exercise-induced adaptation mechanisms are often identical or very similar to tissue remodeling caused by pathological conditions, such as hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy, and cardiac fibrosis. This review provides a summary of our current knowledge regarding the cardiac cellular microenvironment, focusing on the clinical applications this information to the study of heart remodeling during regular physical exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Varga
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
| | - Jan Kyselovič
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Paulina Galfiova
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Lubos Danisovic
- Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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Vardar SA, Karaca A, Güldiken S, Palabıyık O, Süt N, Demir AM. High-intensity interval training acutely alters plasma adipokine levels in young overweight/obese women. Arch Physiol Biochem 2018; 124:149-155. [PMID: 28857629 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2017.1369998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the plasma adipokine responses to high-intensity interval training (HIT) in overweight/obese women. Twelve women (age 21.7 ± 3.8 years) completed a 19 days of HIT comprising six session of 4-6 repeats of a Wingate test (0.065 kg load/kg). Plasma adipokine levels were measured before exercise, and at 5 and 90 min after exercise on the first and the last training days. Adiponectin was higher at 5 min than 90 min post-exercise (11.7 ± 7.3 and 10.5 ± 5.8 ng/ml; p = .01) in the first exercise day. Leptin decreased 5 min after exercise (23.6 ± 13.2 vs. baseline 27.8 ± 14.4 ng/ml; p < .01) and remained depressed following 90 min (p < .01). The changes in adiponectin and leptin concentrations were similar on the first and last exercise days. No consistent effect was found on resistin concentration. Future studies are required to disclose the functional consequences of these alterations in plasma adipokine levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selma Arzu Vardar
- a Department of Physiology , Trakya University Medical Faculty , Edirne , Turkey
| | - Aziz Karaca
- a Department of Physiology , Trakya University Medical Faculty , Edirne , Turkey
| | - Sibel Güldiken
- b Department of Internal Medicine , Trakya University Medical Faculty , Edirne , Turkey
| | - Orkide Palabıyık
- c Department of Biophysics , Trakya University Medical Faculty , Edirne , Turkey
| | - Necdet Süt
- d Department of Biostatistics , Trakya University Medical Faculty , Edirne , Turkey
| | - Ahmet Muzaffer Demir
- b Department of Internal Medicine , Trakya University Medical Faculty , Edirne , Turkey
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Waist Circumference Is an Anthropometric Parameter That Identifies Women with Metabolically Unhealthy Phenotypes. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10040447. [PMID: 29617320 PMCID: PMC5946232 DOI: 10.3390/nu10040447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolically healthy (MH) and metabolically unhealthy (MUH) phenotypes can be present in any subject independently of their body mass index (BMI). However, factors related to the presence of these phenotypes are poorly understood. Therefore, the aim of this cross-sectional study is to describe the prevalence and characteristics associated with the MH and MUH phenotypes in Mexican subjects with different BMI categories. Anthropometric and biochemical parameters were evaluated after 12 h of fasting. HMW (High Molecular Weight) adiponectin and insulin levels were measured by ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). A total of 345 subjects were included, of which, 73.9% were women. The prevalence of the MH phenotype was 69.9%, 46.7%, and 19% in normal weight, overweight, and obesity, respectively. ROC (receiver operating characteristic) curve analysis showed that the waist circumference demonstrated a statistical significance (p < 0.01) in detecting the MUH phenotype in each BMI group only in women. Furthermore, subjects with lower HMW adiponectin levels showed a 2.1 increased risk of presenting the MUH phenotype. In conclusion, in this Mexican population, waist circumference was an anthropometric parameter that identified women with the MUH phenotype in all BMI categories and hypoadiponectinemia was a risk factor for the presence of this phenotype.
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Melatonin Efficacy in Obese Leptin-Deficient Mice Heart. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9121323. [PMID: 29206172 PMCID: PMC5748773 DOI: 10.3390/nu9121323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyocytes are particularly sensitive to oxidative damage due to the link between mitochondria and sarcoplasmic reticulum necessary for calcium flux and contraction. Melatonin, important indoleamine secreted by the pineal gland during darkness, also has important cardioprotective properties. We designed the present study to define morphological and ultrastructural changes in cardiomyocytes and mainly in mitochondria of an animal model of obesity (ob/ob mice), when treated orally or not with melatonin at 100 mg/kg/day for 8 weeks (from 5 up to 13 week of life). We observed that ob/ob mice mitochondria in sub-sarcolemmal and inter-myofibrillar compartments are often devoid of cristae with an abnormally large size, which are called mega-mitochondria. Moreover, in ob/ob mice the hypertrophic cardiomyocytes expressed high level of 4hydroxy-2-nonenal (4HNE), a marker of lipid peroxidation but scarce degree of mitofusin2, indicative of mitochondrial sufferance. Melatonin oral supplementation in ob/ob mice restores mitochondrial cristae, enhances mitofusin2 expression and minimizes 4HNE and p62/SQSTM1, an index of aberrant autophagic flux. At pericardial fat level, adipose tissue depot strictly associated with myocardium infarction, melatonin reduces adipocyte hypertrophy and inversely regulates 4HNE and adiponectin expressions. In summary, melatonin might represent a safe dietary adjuvant to hamper cardiac mitochondria remodeling and the hypoxic status that occur in pre-diabetic obese mice at 13 weeks of life.
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Psoriasis and Cardiovascular Risk-Do Promising New Biomarkers Have Clinical Impact? Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:7279818. [PMID: 28947858 PMCID: PMC5602647 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7279818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies suggest an increased prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in patients with psoriasis (PS). Therefore, emphasis has lately been laid on the necessity for clinical evaluation of the risk of CVD in these patients. The systemic inflammatory markers C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin- (IL-) 6, which have long been used to predict future CVD in the general population, are increased manyfold in patients with PS. Lipid abnormalities characterized by elevated triglycerides, low HDL cholesterol, and higher concentrations of LDL cholesterol and its oxidized form are also prevalent in patients. There is a need for additional laboratory markers for the assessment of cardiovascular status of patients with PS. Due to frequent comorbid overweight and obesity, biologically active compounds produced by adipocytes may have an impact on monitoring the status of the cardiovascular system of patients with PS. For this purpose, two adipokines, adiponectin and leptin, have been most extensively studied. The review focuses on some inflammatory and oxidative stress aspects in patients with PS through the analysis of the impact of prominent adipokines and oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) to assess their eligibility for clinical practice as markers of CVD risk in patients with PS.
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Adiponectin: Its role in obesity-associated colon and prostate cancers. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2017; 116:125-133. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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Ahmad AA, Randall MD, Roberts RE. Sex differences in the regulation of porcine coronary artery tone by perivascular adipose tissue: a role of adiponectin? Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:2773-2783. [PMID: 28593738 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE As there is sexual dimorphism in the regulation of vascular tone, the aim of this present study was to determine whether there are sex differences in perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT)-mediated regulation of the porcine coronary artery (PCA) tone. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Isometric tension recording system was used to record changes in tone in PCAs. Western blot analysis was performed to examine the expression of adiponectin in PVAT and adiponectin receptors and adiponectin binding protein (APPL1) in PCA. The level of adiponectin released from PVAT was measured using elisa. KEY RESULTS In the presence of adherent PVAT, contractions to the thromboxane mimetic U46619 and endothelin-1 were significantly reduced in PCAs from females, but not males. In PCAs pre-contracted with U46619, re-addition of PVAT caused relaxation in PCAs from females, but not males. This relaxant response in females was attenuated by combined inhibition of NOS (with L-NAME) and COX (with indomethacin). Pre-incubation with an anti-adiponectin antibody abolished the relaxant effects of PVAT. The adiponectin receptor agonist (adipoRon) produced a greater relaxation in PCAs from females compared with males. However, there was no difference in either the expression or release of adiponectin from PVAT between sexes. Similarly, there was no difference in the expression of adiponectin receptors or the adiponectin receptor adaptor protein APPL1 in PCAs. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS These findings demonstrate a clear sex difference in the regulation of coronary arterial tone in response to adiponectin receptor stimulation, which may underlie the anticontractile effects of PVAT in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulla A Ahmad
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Michael D Randall
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Richard E Roberts
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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Bergmark BA, Cannon CP, White WB, Jarolim P, Liu Y, Bonaca MP, Zannad F, Morrow DA. Baseline adiponectin concentration and clinical outcomes among patients with diabetes and recent acute coronary syndrome in the EXAMINE trial. Diabetes Obes Metab 2017; 19:962-969. [PMID: 28195387 PMCID: PMC5765757 DOI: 10.1111/dom.12905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
AIM To investigate adiponectin levels and cardiovascular (CV) outcomes in patients with diabetes and recent acute coronary syndrome (ACS). MATERIALS AND METHODS We analysed baseline adiponectin concentration and CV outcomes in 5213 patients with type 2 diabetes enrolled in the EXAMINE trial of alogliptin vs placebo 15 to 90 days (median 45 days) after ACS. Event rates at 18 months are reported. RESULTS The median (interquartile range) baseline adiponectin concentration was 5.2 (3.5-7.9) μg/mL. Patients with the highest baseline adiponectin concentration (quartile [Q]4) were at significantly higher risk of death from a CV event (8.4% vs 1.7%; P < .0001), hospitalization for heart failure (HF; 7.5% vs 1.7%; P < .0001), and all-cause mortality (10.8% vs 2.4%; P < .0001) compared with those in Q1. After adjusting for age, sex, index event, HF, estimated glomerular filtration rate and hypertension, adiponectin concentration in Q4 remained associated with an increased risk of death from CV causes (hazard ratio [HR] 2.43, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.52, 3.88), all-cause mortality (HR 2.45, 95% CI 1.65, 3.64), and HF (HR 2.44, 95% CI 1.47, 4.05), without change after stratification by body mass index. There was no significant difference in the rate of myocardial infarction or stroke. CONCLUSIONS In this contemporary population of patients with diabetes and ACS, adiponectin concentration was independently associated with increased risk of death from CV causes, all-cause mortality, and hospitalization for HF. The relationship between adiponectin and CV outcomes is complex and deserves further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian A. Bergmark
- TIMI Study Group, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Christopher P. Cannon
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Baim Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - William B. White
- Pat and Jim Calhoun Cardiology Center, University of Connecticut, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Petr Jarolim
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yuyin Liu
- Baim Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Marc P. Bonaca
- TIMI Study Group, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Faiez Zannad
- Centre d’Investigation Clinique Inserm 1433 and U 1116, Universite de Lorraine and CHRU, Nancy, France
| | - David A. Morrow
- TIMI Study Group, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Gorgui J, Gasbarrino K, Georgakis MK, Karalexi MA, Nauche B, Petridou ET, Daskalopoulou SS. Circulating adiponectin levels in relation to carotid atherosclerotic plaque presence, ischemic stroke risk, and mortality: A systematic review and meta-analyses. Metabolism 2017; 69:51-66. [PMID: 28285652 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low circulating levels of adiponectin, an anti-inflammatory and vasculoprotective adipokine, are associated with obesity, type 2 diabetes, and atherosclerotic disease. Presence of unstable plaques in the carotid artery is a known etiological factor causing ischemic strokes. Herein, we systematically reviewed the association between circulating adiponectin and progression of carotid atherosclerotic disease, particularly evaluating the occurrence of (1) carotid atherosclerotic plaques, (2) ischemic stroke, and (3) mortality in subjects who suffered a previous ischemic stroke. METHODS Medline, Embase, Biosis, Scopus, Web of Science, and Pubmed were searched for published studies and conference abstracts. The effect size and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of the individual studies were pooled using fixed-effect or random-effect models. The quality of the eligible studies was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa quality assessment scale. Sensitivity, subgroup, and meta-regression analyses were performed to address the impact of various risk factors on the association between adiponectin and ischemic stroke risk. RESULTS Twelve studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria for 3 independent meta-analyses. The association of increasing circulating adiponectin levels (5μg/mL-increment) with presence of carotid plaque was not conclusive (n=327; OR: 1.07; 95% CI: 0.85-1.35; 2 studies), whereas high adiponectin levels showed a significant 8% increase in risk of ischemic stroke (n=13,683; 7 studies), with a more sizable association observed among men compared to women. HDL was observed to have a marginal effect on the association between adiponectin and ischemic stroke, while other evaluated parameters were not found to be effect modifiers. A non-significant association of adiponectin with mortality was yielded (n=663; OR: 2.58; 95% CI: 0.69-9.62; 3 studies). Although no publication bias was evident, there was significant between-study heterogeneity in most analyses. CONCLUSION It appears that the direction of the relationship between adiponectin and carotid atherosclerotic plaque presence is dependent on the duration, severity, and nature of the underlying disease, while increased adiponectin levels were associated with an increase in risk for ischemic stroke. Lastly, the results from the mortality meta-analysis remain inconclusive. Future properly designed studies are necessary to further elucidate the role of adiponectin on atherosclerotic plaque development, and its related outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Gorgui
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Karina Gasbarrino
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Marios K Georgakis
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece.
| | - Maria A Karalexi
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece.
| | - Bénédicte Nauche
- Medical Library, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Eleni Th Petridou
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece.
| | - Stella S Daskalopoulou
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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Eichelmann F, Schwingshackl L, Fedirko V, Aleksandrova K. Effect of plant-based diets on obesity-related inflammatory profiles: a systematic review and meta-analysis of intervention trials. Obes Rev 2016; 17:1067-1079. [PMID: 27405372 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Plant-based dietary interventions have been proposed to reduce obesity induced chronic low-grade inflammation and hence prevent chronic disease risk; however, human evidence remains unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis of intervention trials aimed to assess the effect of plant-based diets on obesity-related inflammatory biomarker profiles. Medline, EMBASE and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) were searched for articles published until January 2016 and mean differences in biomarkers of inflammatory status were assessed for: C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-ɑ), soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (sICAM), leptin, adiponectin and resistin. Of initially identified 2,583 publications, 29 met the meta-analysis inclusion criteria [a total of 2,689 participants]. Consumption of plant-based diets was associated with a reduction in the mean concentrations of the following biomarkers: CRP [effect size, -0.55 mg/l, 95% confidence intervals (CI): -0.78; -0.32, I2 = 94.4%], IL-6 [effect size, -0.25 ng/l, 95% CI: -0.56; 0.06, I2 = 74%], and, to some degree, sICAM (-25.07 ng/ml [95% CI: -52.32; 2.17, I2 = 93.2%]). No substantial effects were revealed for TNF-ɑ, resistin, adiponectin and leptin. Plant-based diets are associated with an improvement in obesity-related inflammatory profiles and could provide means for therapy and prevention of chronic disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Eichelmann
- Nutrition, Immunity and Metabolism Start-up Lab, Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - L Schwingshackl
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - V Fedirko
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, USA
| | - K Aleksandrova
- Nutrition, Immunity and Metabolism Start-up Lab, Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany.
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Højgaard P, Glintborg B, Kristensen LE, Gudbjornsson B, Love TJ, Dreyer L. The influence of obesity on response to tumour necrosis factor-α inhibitors in psoriatic arthritis: results from the DANBIO and ICEBIO registries. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2016; 55:2191-2199. [PMID: 27651526 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kew326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the impact of obesity on response to the first TNF-α inhibitor (TNFI) treatment course in patients with PsA followed in routine care. METHODS We performed an observational cohort study based on the Danish and Icelandic biologics registries. Kaplan-Meier plots, Cox and logistic regression analyses were performed to study the impact of obesity (BMI ⩾30 kg/m2) on TNFI adherence and response after 6 months (according to 20/50/70% improvement in ACR criteria and EULAR criteria). Subanalyses studied the impact of obesity according to gender, TNFI type and nationality. RESULTS Among 1943 PsA patients (193 Icelandic/1750 Danish) identified in the registries, 1271 (65%) had available BMI and 408 (32%) were obese. The median follow-up-time was 1.5 years [interquartile range (IQR) 0.5-3.9]. Obese patients had higher baseline disease activity, for example, 28-joint DAS [mean 4.6 (sd 1.2) vs 4.4 (1.2)]; CRP [median 9 mg/l (IQR 5-19) vs 7 (3-18)] and visual analogue scale-pain [66 mm (IQR 48-76) vs 60 (38-74)], compared with non-obese patients (all P < 0.05). TNFI adherence was shorter in obese patients, especially among men, where the median TNFI duration was 2.5 years (95% CI 1.7, 3.2) in obese vs 5.9 (4.1, 7.7) in non-obese patients (P < 0.01). A EULAR good or moderate (EGOM) response was achieved by 55% of obese vs 65% of non-obese patients after 6 months (P = 0.02). In multivariable analyses, obesity increased the risk of TNFI withdrawal [hazard ratio 1.6 (95% CI 1.3, 2.0)] and reduced odds for EGOM response [odds ratio 0.47 (95% CI 0.29, 0.72)]. The impact of obesity was significant across genders, TNFI types and nationality. CONCLUSION Obesity was associated with higher disease activity and seemed to diminish response and adherence to TNFIs in PsA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pil Højgaard
- Department of Rheumatology, Gentofte Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Hellerup .,Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Parker Institute, Frederiksberg
| | - Bente Glintborg
- Department of Rheumatology, Gentofte Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Hellerup.,DANBIO Registry, Gentofte Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Hellerup
| | | | - Bjorn Gudbjornsson
- Landspitali University Hospital, Center for Rheumatology Research (ICEBIO).,Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland
| | - Thorvardur Jon Love
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland.,Department for Scientific Affairs, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Lene Dreyer
- Department of Rheumatology, Gentofte Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Hellerup.,Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Parker Institute, Frederiksberg.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Karkhaneh L, Yaghmaei P, Parivar K, Sadeghizadeh M, Ebrahim-Habibi A. Effect of trans-chalcone on atheroma plaque formation, liver fibrosis and adiponectin gene expression in cholesterol-fed NMRI mice. Pharmacol Rep 2016; 68:720-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2016.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2015] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Septembre-Malaterre A, Le Sage F, Hatia S, Catan A, Janci L, Gonthier MP. Curcuma longa polyphenols improve insulin-mediated lipid accumulation and attenuate proinflammatory response of 3T3-L1 adipose cells during oxidative stress through regulation of key adipokines and antioxidant enzymes. Biofactors 2016; 42:418-30. [PMID: 27094023 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Plant polyphenols may exert beneficial action against obesity-related oxidative stress and inflammation which promote insulin resistance. This study evaluated the effect of polyphenols extracted from French Curcuma longa on 3T3-L1 adipose cells exposed to H2 O2 -mediated oxidative stress. We found that Curcuma longa extract exhibited high amounts of curcuminoids identified as curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, and bisdemethoxycurcumin, which exerted free radical-scavenging activities. Curcuma longa polyphenols improved insulin-mediated lipid accumulation and upregulated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma gene expression and adiponectin secretion which decreased in H2 O2 -treated cells. Curcuminoids attenuated H2 O2 -enhanced production of pro-inflammatory molecules such as interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and nuclear factor κappa B. Moreover, they reduced intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species elevated by H2 O2 and modulated the expression of genes encoding superoxide dismutase and catalase antioxidant enzymes. Collectively, these findings highlight that Curcuma longa polyphenols protect adipose cells against oxidative stress and may improve obesity-related metabolic disorders. © 2016 BioFactors, 42(4):418-430, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axelle Septembre-Malaterre
- Inserm, UMR 1188 Diabète athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien, Plateforme CYROI 2 rue Maxime, 97490 Sainte-Clotilde, La Réunion, France
- Université de La Réunion, UFR Santé, 1 Allée des Aigues Marines, 97487 Saint-Denis, La Réunion, France
| | - Fanny Le Sage
- Inserm, UMR 1188 Diabète athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien, Plateforme CYROI 2 rue Maxime, 97490 Sainte-Clotilde, La Réunion, France
- Université de La Réunion, UFR Santé, 1 Allée des Aigues Marines, 97487 Saint-Denis, La Réunion, France
| | - Sarah Hatia
- Inserm, UMR 1188 Diabète athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien, Plateforme CYROI 2 rue Maxime, 97490 Sainte-Clotilde, La Réunion, France
- Université de La Réunion, UFR Santé, 1 Allée des Aigues Marines, 97487 Saint-Denis, La Réunion, France
| | - Aurélie Catan
- Inserm, UMR 1188 Diabète athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien, Plateforme CYROI 2 rue Maxime, 97490 Sainte-Clotilde, La Réunion, France
- Université de La Réunion, UFR Santé, 1 Allée des Aigues Marines, 97487 Saint-Denis, La Réunion, France
| | - Laurent Janci
- Coopérative Agricole des Huiles Essentielles de Bourbon, 83 rue Kervéguen, 97430 Le Tampon, La Réunion, France
| | - Marie-Paule Gonthier
- Inserm, UMR 1188 Diabète athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien, Plateforme CYROI 2 rue Maxime, 97490 Sainte-Clotilde, La Réunion, France
- Université de La Réunion, UFR Santé, 1 Allée des Aigues Marines, 97487 Saint-Denis, La Réunion, France
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Liu Y, Liu C, Jiang C, Wang S, Yang Q, Jiang D, Yuan G. C-reactive protein inhibits high-molecular-weight adiponectin expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes via PI3K/Akt pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 472:19-25. [PMID: 26812237 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.01.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Adiponectin, an adipose-specific protein hormone, is secreted from white adipose tissue and involved in glucose and lipid metabolism. It is assembled into low-molecular-weight trimer (LMW), middle-molecular-weight hexameric (MMW) and high-molecular-weight (HMW), among which HMW exhibits higher activity. In this study, we proved that C-reactive protein (CRP), an inflammatory marker, inhibited adiponectin expression, especially HMW in time-and dose-dependent manners. Furthermore, CRP decreased the HMW/total adiponectin ration and reduced adiponectin assembly by increasing ERp44, and decreasing Ero1-α and DsbA-L. CRP activated pAkt, the downstream of PI3K. Inhibition of PI3K or pAkt abolished the effect of CRP. Our study suggested that CRP decreased adiponectin expression and multimerization, while CRP-induced decline in adiponectin might be mediated through the PI3K/Akt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanxin Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China
| | - Cuiping Liu
- Public Laboratory Platform, First Affiliated Hospital of Najing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Chao Jiang
- Public Laboratory Platform, First Affiliated Hospital of Najing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Su Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China
| | - Qichao Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China
| | - Dan Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China
| | - Guoyue Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China.
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Du H, Bai X, Lian J, Li J, Zhang Y, Wang P, Jiang H. Changes in Plasma Adiponectin Concentrations in Patients With Hemorrhagic Fever With Renal Syndrome: An Observational Prospective Study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e2700. [PMID: 26871804 PMCID: PMC4753900 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000002700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective is to observe the changes in plasma adiponectin (APN) and its predictive capacity for disease severity and prognosis of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS).One hundred and five patients who were treated at our center between October 2011 and December 2012 were randomly enrolled in this study. The patients were divided into a mild-type group, a moderate-type group, a severe-type group, and a critical-type group according to the HFRS criteria for clinical classification. Ninety-three plasma samples from the patients in the acute stage and 78 samples from the patients in the convalescent stage were obtained, and 28 samples from healthy subjects were obtained as controls. The concentrations of APN were detected using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The levels of white blood cells, platelets, hematocrit, albumin, blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, and uric acid in the samples were routinely tested. The levels of APN among the different types were compared; the correlation between APN and the laboratory parameters was analyzed. The predictive effectiveness for prognosis of APN and the laboratory parameters as mentioned above were evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.The levels of APN in the mild- and moderate-type patients in the acute stage were significantly higher than the severe-type and control (P < 0.05) and decreased with the severity of the disease, while there were no obvious difference among severe-, critical-type and control groups. The levels of APN in patients in the convalescent stage were higher than the control group (P < 0.05), and the APN levels of the critical-type group were higher compared with the mild-type groups (P < 0.05). Adiponectin was negatively correlated with white blood cells and hematocrit and positively correlated with platelets, albumin, and uric acid (P < 0.001). Adiponectin showed no statistical significance for predicting prognosis, with the area under the curve equal to 0.609 (95% CI: 0.237-0.745, P = 0.215).Adiponectin can be considered as a novel biomarker for disease severity in patients with HFRS, while it seems to have no predictive capacity for prognosis of HFRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Du
- From the Center of Infectious Diseases, Tangdu Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi Province, China
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Alkofide H, Huggins GS, Ruthazer R, Beshansky JR, Selker HP. Serum adiponectin levels in patients with acute coronary syndromes: Serial changes and relation to infarct size. Diab Vasc Dis Res 2015; 12:411-9. [PMID: 26193887 PMCID: PMC5586528 DOI: 10.1177/1479164115592638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of adiponectin in patients with acute coronary syndromes is incompletely defined. This study investigated adiponectin levels in patients with acute coronary syndromes and the association between adiponectin and 30-day infarct size and 1-year clinical outcomes. METHODS Retrospective analysis of 120 participants with acute coronary syndromes enrolled in the Immediate Myocardial Metabolic Enhancement During Initial Assessment and Treatment in Emergency care Trial. Blood levels were tested three times within 24 h of onset of ischaemic symptoms. Infarct size was measured at 30 days. The 1-year clinical outcome was the composite of all-cause mortality or hospitalization for heart failure. RESULTS Using linear mixed models, log adiponectin levels decreased by -0.005 µg/mL per hour (p = 0.035). After stratifying the analysis by gender, there was no decrease in log adiponectin in men; however, levels decreased by -0.01 µg/mL per hour in women (p = 0.02). Results of multivariable regression models showed no association between log adiponectin and infarct size (β = -1.1, p = 0.64). Log adiponectin levels did not predict 1-year outcomes using Cox-proportional hazard models. CONCLUSION There was a small decrease in plasma adiponectin shortly after symptoms of ischaemia, more noticeable in women. No relationship was found between adiponectin and infarct size or clinical outcomes. This adds to evidence showing no clear association between adiponectin and adverse outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadeel Alkofide
- Clinical and Translational Science Graduate Program, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gordon S Huggins
- MCRI Center for Translational Genomics, Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robin Ruthazer
- Center for Cardiovascular Health Services Research, Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA Tufts Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joni R Beshansky
- Center for Cardiovascular Health Services Research, Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA Regulatory and Clinical Research Management Graduate Program, Regis College, Weston, MA, USA
| | - Harry P Selker
- Center for Cardiovascular Health Services Research, Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA Tufts Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
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Relationship between body mass index and left atrial appendage thrombus in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2015; 41:613-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s11239-015-1266-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Effect of Extended-Release Niacin/Laropiprant Combination on Plasma Adiponectin and Insulin Resistance in Chinese Patients with Dyslipidaemia. DISEASE MARKERS 2015; 2015:154014. [PMID: 26063948 PMCID: PMC4429190 DOI: 10.1155/2015/154014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Objectives. This study examined whether the increase of adiponectin associated with extended-release (ER) niacin/laropiprant combination attenuates the adverse effect of niacin on glucose and insulin resistance in Hong Kong Chinese patients with dyslipidaemia. Methods. Patients (N = 121) were treated with ER niacin/laropiprant 1 g/20 mg for 4 weeks and then the dose was doubled for an additional 8 weeks. Measurements of fasting lipids, glucose, insulin, and adiponectin were performed at baseline and during the study. Results. There were significant (P < 0.001) increases in glucose (9.4 ± 13.1%), insulin (70.2 ± 91.0%), HOMA-IR (87.8 ± 103.9%), and adiponectin (169.3 ± 111.6%). The increase in adiponectin was significantly associated with increase in glucose (r = 0.221, P < 0.05), insulin (r = 0.184, P < 0.05), and HOMA-IR (r = 0.237, P < 0.01) and the association remained significant after adjustment for changes in body weight or body fat mass. Conclusion. Treatment with ER niacin/laropiprant led to a significant increase in adiponectin levels but worsening of glucose levels and insulin resistance, and the increase in adiponectin and insulin resistance were correlated suggesting the increase in adiponectin did not ameliorate the deterioration in insulin resistance. Clinical trial is registered with number on WHO-ICTRP: ChiCTR-ONC-10001038.
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Martins LM, Oliveira ARS, Cruz KJC, Torres-Leal FL, Marreiro DDN. Obesity, inflammation, and insulin resistance. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2014. [DOI: 10.1590/s1984-82502014000400003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
White adipose tissue (WAT) is considered an endocrine organ. When present in excess, WAT can influence metabolism via biologically active molecules. Following unregulated production of such molecules, adipose tissue dysfunction results, contributing to complications associated with obesity. Previous studies have implicated pro- and anti-inflammatory substances in the regulation of inflammatory response and in the development of insulin resistance. In obese individuals, pro-inflammatory molecules produced by adipose tissue contribute to the development of insulin resistance and increased risk of cardiovascular disease. On the other hand, the molecules with anti-inflammatory action, that have been associated with the improvement of insulin sensitivity, have your decreased production. Imbalance of these substances contributes significantly to metabolic disorders found in obese individuals. The current review aims to provide updated information regarding the activity of biomolecules produced by WAT.
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Ziyyat A, Ramdani N, Bouanani NEH, Vanderpas J, Hassani B, Boutayeb A, Aziz M, Mekhfi H, Bnouham M, Legssyer A. Epidemiology of hypertension and its relationship with type 2 diabetes and obesity in eastern Morocco. SPRINGERPLUS 2014; 3:644. [PMID: 25392811 PMCID: PMC4226801 DOI: 10.1186/2193-1801-3-644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The major objectives of this work are to estimate the hypertension (HT) frequency in the east of Morocco and to study the relationship between HT, type 2 diabetes and obesity. Our sample is composed of 1628 adults aged 40 years and older, recruited voluntarily by using the convenience sampling method through 26 screening campaigns in urban and rural areas of the east of Morocco. We enumerated 516 hypertensive people (31.7%), without significant difference between women (32.5%) and men (30.2%). The known hypertensive people represent 10.1% of the whole sample. The frequency of HT, increases with age and it is more marked in rural (39.9%) than in urban areas (29%) (p < 0.001). It is significantly very high in diabetic subjects (69.9%) than among the non-diabetic ones (27.4%) (p < 0.001). The odd ratio (OR) of the diabetics to HT is 6.16 (IC95% [4.33-8.74]). Among the obese persons, HT is present at (40.8%) vs. (30.2%) among the subjects of normal weight (p < 0.05). The OR of the obese to HT is 1.6 (IC95% [1.26 - 2.04]). In conclusion, our results show a high frequency of HT in the east of Morocco; it affects nearly one third of the adult population aged 40 years and older. The relations between type 2 diabetes and obesity have also been identified and estimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abderrahim Ziyyat
- Laboratoire de Physiologie et Ethnopharmacologie, Département de Biologie - Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohamed Premier, B.P. 717, Boulevard Mohamed VI, Oujda, 60000 Maroc
| | - Noureddine Ramdani
- Laboratoire de Physiologie et Ethnopharmacologie, Département de Biologie - Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohamed Premier, B.P. 717, Boulevard Mohamed VI, Oujda, 60000 Maroc
| | - Nour El Houda Bouanani
- Laboratoire de Physiologie et Ethnopharmacologie, Département de Biologie - Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohamed Premier, B.P. 717, Boulevard Mohamed VI, Oujda, 60000 Maroc
| | - Jean Vanderpas
- Medical Microbiology Laboratory, Communicable and Infectious Diseases, Institut Scientifique de Santé Publique, Rue Engeland 642, 1180 Bruxelles, Belgique
| | - Benyounès Hassani
- Médecin endocrinologue diabétologue, Bd. Mohamed Abdou Imm. Sâada 1er étage, Oujda, Maroc
| | - Abdeslam Boutayeb
- Laboratoire de modélisation stochastique et déterministe, Univ Mohammed I, Fac. Sciences, Oujda, Maroc
| | - Mohammed Aziz
- Laboratoire de Physiologie et Ethnopharmacologie, Département de Biologie - Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohamed Premier, B.P. 717, Boulevard Mohamed VI, Oujda, 60000 Maroc
| | - Hassane Mekhfi
- Laboratoire de Physiologie et Ethnopharmacologie, Département de Biologie - Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohamed Premier, B.P. 717, Boulevard Mohamed VI, Oujda, 60000 Maroc
| | - Mohammed Bnouham
- Laboratoire de Physiologie et Ethnopharmacologie, Département de Biologie - Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohamed Premier, B.P. 717, Boulevard Mohamed VI, Oujda, 60000 Maroc
| | - Abdelkhaleq Legssyer
- Laboratoire de Physiologie et Ethnopharmacologie, Département de Biologie - Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohamed Premier, B.P. 717, Boulevard Mohamed VI, Oujda, 60000 Maroc
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