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AlShammari AK, Abd El-Aziz TM, Al-Sabi A. Snake Venom: A Promising Source of Neurotoxins Targeting Voltage-Gated Potassium Channels. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 16:12. [PMID: 38251229 PMCID: PMC10820993 DOI: 10.3390/toxins16010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The venom derived from various sources of snakes represents a vast collection of predominantly protein-based toxins that exhibit a wide range of biological actions, including but not limited to inflammation, pain, cytotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, and neurotoxicity. The venom of a particular snake species is composed of several toxins, while the venoms of around 600 venomous snake species collectively encompass a substantial reservoir of pharmacologically intriguing compounds. Despite extensive research efforts, a significant portion of snake venoms remains uncharacterized. Recent findings have demonstrated the potential application of neurotoxins derived from snake venom in selectively targeting voltage-gated potassium channels (Kv). These neurotoxins include BPTI-Kunitz polypeptides, PLA2 neurotoxins, CRISPs, SVSPs, and various others. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the existing literature on the significance of Kv channels in various tissues, highlighting their crucial role as proteins susceptible to modulation by diverse snake venoms. These toxins have demonstrated potential as valuable pharmacological resources and research tools for investigating the structural and functional characteristics of Kv channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Altaf K. AlShammari
- College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East, Egaila 54200, Kuwait;
| | - Tarek Mohamed Abd El-Aziz
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, El-Minia 61519, Egypt
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Ahmed Al-Sabi
- College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East, Egaila 54200, Kuwait;
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2
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Koerselman M, Morshuis LCM, Karperien M. The use of peptides, aptamers, and variable domains of heavy chain only antibodies in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Acta Biomater 2023; 170:1-14. [PMID: 37517622 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Over the years, much research has been focused on the use of small molecules such as peptides or aptamers or more recently on the use of variable antigen-binding domain of heavy chain only antibodies in the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. The use of these molecules originated as an alternative for the larger conventional antibodies, of which most drawbacks are derived from their size and complex structure. In the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, biological functionalities are often conjugated to biomaterials in order to (re-)create an in vivo like situation, especially when bioinert biomaterials are used. Those biomaterials are functionalized with these functionalities for instance for the purpose of cell attachment or cell targeting for targeted drug delivery but also for local enrichment or blocking of ligands such as growth factors or cytokines on the biomaterial surface. In this review, we further refer to peptides, aptamers, and variable antigen-binding domain of heavy chain only antibodies as biological functionalities. Here, we compare these biological functionalities within the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine and give an overview of recent work in which these biological functionalities have been explored. We focus on the previously mentioned purposes of the biological functionalities. We will compare structural differences, possible modifications and (chemical) conjugation strategies. In addition, we will provide an overview of biologicals that are, or have been, involved in clinical trials. Finally, we will highlight the challenges of each of these biologicals. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: In the field of tissue engineering there is broad application of functionalized biomaterials for cell attachment, targeted drug delivery and local enrichment or blocking of growth factors. This was previously mostly done via conventional antibodies, but their large size and complex structure impose various challenges with respect of retaining biological functionality. Peptides, aptamers and VHHs may provide an alternative solution for the use of conventional antibodies. This review discusses the use of these molecules for biological functionalization of biomaterials. For each of the molecules, their characteristics, conjugation possibilities and current use in research and clinical trials is described. Furthermore, this review sets out the benefits and challenges of using these types of molecules for different fields of application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Koerselman
- Department of Developmental BioEngineering, TechMed Institute, University of Twente, The Netherlands. Drienerlolaan 5, 7522 NB, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Lisanne C M Morshuis
- Department of Developmental BioEngineering, TechMed Institute, University of Twente, The Netherlands. Drienerlolaan 5, 7522 NB, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Marcel Karperien
- Department of Developmental BioEngineering, TechMed Institute, University of Twente, The Netherlands. Drienerlolaan 5, 7522 NB, Enschede, the Netherlands.
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3
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Shraim AS, Abdel Majeed BA, Al-Binni M, Hunaiti A. Therapeutic Potential of Aptamer-Protein Interactions. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2022; 5:1211-1227. [PMID: 36524009 PMCID: PMC9745894 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.2c00156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Aptamers are single-stranded oligonucleotides (RNA or DNA) with a typical length between 25 and 100 nucleotides which fold into three-dimensional structures capable of binding to target molecules. Specific aptamers can be isolated against a large variety of targets through efficient and relatively cheap methods, and they demonstrate target-binding affinities that sometimes surpass those of antibodies. Consequently, interest in aptamers has surged over the past three decades, and their application has shown promise in advancing knowledge in target analysis, designing therapeutic interventions, and bioengineering. With emphasis on their therapeutic applications, aptamers are emerging as a new innovative class of therapeutic agents with promising biochemical and biological properties. Aptamers have the potential of providing a feasible alternative to antibody- and small-molecule-based therapeutics given their binding specificity, stability, low toxicity, and apparent non-immunogenicity. This Review examines the general properties of aptamers and aptamer-protein interactions that help to understand their binding characteristics and make them important therapeutic candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ala’a S. Shraim
- Department
of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, 19328 Amman, Jordan
- Pharmacological
and Diagnostic Research Center (PDRC), Al-Ahliyya
Amman University, 19328 Amman, Jordan
| | - Bayan A. Abdel Majeed
- Department
of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, 19328 Amman, Jordan
- Pharmacological
and Diagnostic Research Center (PDRC), Al-Ahliyya
Amman University, 19328 Amman, Jordan
| | - Maysaa’
Adnan Al-Binni
- Department
of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, School of Science, The University of Jordan, 11942 Amman, Jordan
| | - Abdelrahim Hunaiti
- Department
of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, School of Science, The University of Jordan, 11942 Amman, Jordan
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Iturriaga-Goyon E, Buentello-Volante B, Magaña-Guerrero FS, Garfias Y. Future Perspectives of Therapeutic, Diagnostic and Prognostic Aptamers in Eye Pathological Angiogenesis. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061455. [PMID: 34200613 PMCID: PMC8227682 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aptamers are single-stranded DNA or RNA oligonucleotides that are currently used in clinical trials due to their selectivity and specificity to bind small molecules such as proteins, peptides, viral particles, vitamins, metal ions and even whole cells. Aptamers are highly specific to their targets, they are smaller than antibodies and fragment antibodies, they can be easily conjugated to multiple surfaces and ions and controllable post-production modifications can be performed. Aptamers have been therapeutically used for age-related macular degeneration, cancer, thrombosis and inflammatory diseases. The aim of this review is to highlight the therapeutic, diagnostic and prognostic possibilities associated with aptamers, focusing on eye pathological angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Iturriaga-Goyon
- MD/PhD (PECEM) Program, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico;
- Cell and Tissue Biology, Research Unit, Institute of Ophthalmology, Conde de Valenciana, Chimalpopoca 14, Mexico City 06800, Mexico; (B.B.-V.); (F.S.M.-G.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Beatriz Buentello-Volante
- Cell and Tissue Biology, Research Unit, Institute of Ophthalmology, Conde de Valenciana, Chimalpopoca 14, Mexico City 06800, Mexico; (B.B.-V.); (F.S.M.-G.)
| | - Fátima Sofía Magaña-Guerrero
- Cell and Tissue Biology, Research Unit, Institute of Ophthalmology, Conde de Valenciana, Chimalpopoca 14, Mexico City 06800, Mexico; (B.B.-V.); (F.S.M.-G.)
| | - Yonathan Garfias
- Cell and Tissue Biology, Research Unit, Institute of Ophthalmology, Conde de Valenciana, Chimalpopoca 14, Mexico City 06800, Mexico; (B.B.-V.); (F.S.M.-G.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
- Correspondence:
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Selection and Characterization of Cell Surface Specific Aptamer and Development of Fluorescence Assay for Detection of Shigella flexneri from Water Samples. J Fluoresc 2021; 31:685-693. [PMID: 33582948 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-021-02691-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The present study demonstrates, development of ssDNA aptamers against whole cell of S. flexneri employing a whole bacterium-based Systemic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment (SELEX). After ten rounds of SELEX, cell surface specific aptamer pool was cloned, sequenced and divided based on sequence similarities and secondary structure. Binding affinity of FITC labelled aptamer from different group were carried out by flow cytometry analysis. The dissociation constant (Kd) values for specific and higher binder were evaluated to range from 144 to 329 nM. Six high binding aptamers with lower dissociation constant was chosen for selectivity study. Aptamer SHI 23, SHI 37 and SHI 42 showed higher selectivity towards S. flexneri in comparison with other related bacteria. Further applicability of selected aptamer was proven by fluorescence assay for convenience detection of target cell from spiked water sample and natural contaminated water samples. Altogether, aptamer generated in this study can be alternative DNA ligands for detection of S. flexneri compared to available ligands.
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Phung NL, Walter JG, Jonczyk R, Seiler LK, Scheper T, Blume C. Development of an Aptamer-Based Lateral Flow Assay for the Detection of C-Reactive Protein Using Microarray Technology as a Prescreening Platform. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2020; 22:617-629. [PMID: 32894679 DOI: 10.1021/acscombsci.0c00080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
For improved cost-effectiveness and temperature-stability, a ready to use lateral flow assay (LFA) is developed in this work for detecting inflammation/infection biomarker C-reactive protein (CRP) in human patient samples on the basis of aptamers. In prescreening investigations, an aptamer with CRP affinity was immobilized on microarray chips in forward and sandwich formats to optimize assay conditions. We suggest these microarray techniques as a resource-sparing and fast-screening instrument for evaluation of various conditions. The capability of the aptamer to detect CRP was shown. Optimized assay conditions were consequently transferred to the LFA-platform. Here we could demonstrate for the first time an aptamer-based LFA for the detection of CRP in human patient samples in pathologically relevant concentrations. The cutoff for CRP detection is set at 10 mg/L, providing a distinctive "yes" (≥10 mg/L CRP) or "no" (<10 mg/L CRP) answer for the patient. The resulting aptamer-based LFA is promising with regard to its application as point-of-care testing (POCT) for efficient monitoring, especially of patients affected by frequent infections or inflammations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc Linh Phung
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Johanna G. Walter
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Rebecca Jonczyk
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Lisa K. Seiler
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Scheper
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Cornelia Blume
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
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7
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Jose J, Thomas AM, Mendonsa D, Al-Sanea MM, Uddin MS, Parambi DGT, Charyulu RN, Mathew B. Aptamers in Drug Design: An Emerging Weapon to Fight a Losing Battle. Curr Drug Targets 2020; 20:1624-1635. [PMID: 31362673 DOI: 10.2174/1389450120666190729121747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Implementation of novel and biocompatible polymers in drug design is an emerging and rapidly growing area of research. Even though we have a large number of polymer materials for various applications, the biocompatibility of these materials remains as a herculean task for researchers. Aptamers provide a vital and efficient solution to this problem. They are usually small (ranging from 20 to 60 nucleotides, single-stranded DNA or RNA oligonucleotides which are capable of binding to molecules possessing high affinity and other properties like specificity. This review focuses on different aspects of Aptamers in drug discovery, starting from its preparation methods and covering the recent scenario reported in the literature regarding their use in drug discovery. We address the limitations of Aptamers and provide valuable insights into their future potential in the areas regarding drug discovery research. Finally, we explained the major role of Aptamers like medical imaging techniques, application as synthetic antibodies, and the most recent application, which is in combination with nanomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jobin Jose
- Department of Pharmaceutics, N.G.S.M. Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, NITTE Deemed to be University, Mangalore, India
| | - Aaron Mathew Thomas
- Department of Pharmaceutics, N.G.S.M. Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, NITTE Deemed to be University, Mangalore, India
| | - Darewin Mendonsa
- Department of Pharmaceutics, N.G.S.M. Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, NITTE Deemed to be University, Mangalore, India
| | - Mohammad M Al-Sanea
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Jouf University, Sakaka, Al Jouf-2014, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Sahab Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,Pharmakon Neuroscience Research Network, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Della Grace Thomas Parambi
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Jouf University, Sakaka, Al Jouf-2014, Saudi Arabia
| | - R Narayana Charyulu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, N.G.S.M. Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, NITTE Deemed to be University, Mangalore, India
| | - Bijo Mathew
- Division of Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry Research Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ahalia School of Pharmacy, Palakkad 678557, Kerala, India
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8
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Shen T, Zhang Y, Zhou S, Lin S, Zhang XB, Zhu G. Nucleic Acid Immunotherapeutics for Cancer. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:2838-2849. [PMID: 33681722 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The past decade has witnessed the blossom of two fields: nucleic acid therapeutics and cancer immunotherapy. Unlike traditional small molecule medicines or protein biologics, nucleic acid therapeutics have characteristic features such as storing genetic information, immunomodulation, and easy conformational recovery. Immunotherapy uses the patients' own immune system to treat cancer. A variety of strategies have been developed for cancer immunotherapy including immune checkpoint blockade, adoptive cell transfer therapy, therapeutic vaccines, and oncolytic virotherapy. Interestingly, nucleic acid therapeutics have emerged as a pivotal class of regimen for cancer immunotherapy. Examples of such nucleic acid immunotherapeutics include immunostimulatory DNA/RNA, mRNA/plasmids that can be translated into immunotherapeutic proteins/peptides, and genome-editing nucleic acids. Like many other therapeutic nucleic acids, nucleic acid immunotherapeutics often require chemical modifications to protect them from enzymatic degradation and need drug delivery systems for optimal delivery to target tissues and cells and subcellular locations. In this review, we attempted to summarize recent advancement in the interfacial field of nucleic acid immunotherapeutics for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Shen
- Molecular Sciences and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and College of Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Engineering and Theranostics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Department of Pharmaceutics, Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering and Sciences-School of Pharmacy; Massey Cancer Center; Institute for Structural Biology, Drug Discovery and Development, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering and Sciences-School of Pharmacy; Massey Cancer Center; Institute for Structural Biology, Drug Discovery and Development, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Precision Medicine Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Shurong Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering and Sciences-School of Pharmacy; Massey Cancer Center; Institute for Structural Biology, Drug Discovery and Development, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
| | - Shuibin Lin
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Precision Medicine Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xiao-Bing Zhang
- Molecular Sciences and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and College of Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Engineering and Theranostics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Guizhi Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering and Sciences-School of Pharmacy; Massey Cancer Center; Institute for Structural Biology, Drug Discovery and Development, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
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10
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Sinha K, Mukhopadhyay CDAS. Quantitative detection of neurotransmitter using aptamer: From diagnosis to therapeutics. J Biosci 2020; 45:44. [PMID: 32098923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Neurotransmitters, the small molecule chemical messenger responsible for nervous system regulation and can control joy, fear, depression, insomnia, craving for carbohydrates, drugs, and alcohols. Variation in neurotransmitter levels is a characteristic manifestation of several neurological diseases. Accurate diagnosis of these diseases caused due to an imbalance in neurotransmitter level followed by impaired transmission of signals between neurons and other body parts remains a great challenge for the clinicians. Recent evidences reveal, artificial single-stranded nucleotides called 'aptamer' are widely used as biosensors, antibody substitutes, diagnostic agents, and for targeted therapy. These aptamers are superior candidate both for early detection and diagnosis of many neurological disorders caused due to suboptimal level of neurotransmitters. Presently, noninvasive neurotransmitter detection by aptamer has been found to be an easy, fast, and cost-effective choice. In addition, increased specificity, stability, affinity, and reproducibility of aptamers, high throughput screening of aptamer-based sensing platforms have been observed. Moreover, clinical applicability of aptamer has also proved to be efficacious, though still at a preliminary stage. Herein, we review salient features of aptamerbased sensing technology used for neurotransmitter detection particularly their chemical modifications, selection, assay development, immobilization, therapeutic efficiency, and stability for early diagnosis of diseases caused due to neurotransmitter imbalance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koel Sinha
- Centre for Healthcare Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Howrah 711 103, India
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11
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Alyamani BJ, Alsager OA, Zourob M. Label-Free Fluorescent Aptasensor for Small Targets via Displacement of Groove Bound Curcumin Molecules. SENSORS 2019; 19:s19194181. [PMID: 31561589 PMCID: PMC6806071 DOI: 10.3390/s19194181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Signal transduction based on fluorescence is one of the most common optical aptasensors for small molecules. Sensors with a number of unique features including high sensitivity, low cost, and simple operation can be constructed easily. However, the label-free fluorescent approach is limited to synthetic dyes that bind strongly to the aptamer sequence and result in a diminished sensor operation with high detection limits. In this study, we report the use of curcumin as a fluorescent probe to signal aptamer/small target binding events. A substantial enhancement in curcumin's fluorescent emission was observed when bound into the grooves of vitamin D3 (VTD3) binding aptamer, as an example. However, the introduction of the target molecule causes the aptamer to undergo a conformational change that favors complexing the target molecule over binding the curcumin dye. The sensor was able to detect VTD3 down to 1 fM concentration in buffer solutions and extracted blood samples, operate at a wide dynamic range, and discriminate against potential biological interfering molecules including VTD2. The operation of the curcumin based fluorescent sensor is at least six orders of magnitude more sensitive than a VTD3 sensor constructed with the synthetic dye SYBR Green I. The generality of the reported label-free approach was applied with a previously isolated 75-mer bisphenol-A (BPA) aptamer, confirming that the reported sensing strategy is not confined on a particular aptamer sequence. Our work not only reports a novel sensor format for the detection of small molecules, but also serves fluorescent sensor's most pressing need being novel fluorophores for multiplex targets detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baraa J Alyamani
- National Center for Irradiation Technology, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, P.O. Box 6086, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Omar A Alsager
- National Center for Irradiation Technology, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, P.O. Box 6086, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohammed Zourob
- Department of Chemistry, Alfaisal University, Al Zahrawi Street, Al Maather, Al Takhassusi Rd, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia.
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Zahrawi Street, Al Maather, Riyadh 12713, Saudi Arabia.
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12
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Gao G, Liu C, Jain S, Li D, Wang H, Zhao Y, Liu J. Potential use of aptamers for diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer. J Drug Target 2019; 27:853-865. [PMID: 30596288 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2018.1564924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is highly malignant with a low 5-year survival rate. PC currently does not have good early diagnostic markers and responses poorly to chemotherapeutic drugs. The search for better biomarkers and developing more effective chemotherapy are important ways to improve the healthcare of PC patients. Aptamers are single-stranded nucleic acids with high binding affinity and specificity to target molecules. Many aptamers against different forms of cancer including PC have been selected for both diagnostic and therapeutic use. Aptamers can work as ligands to distinguish tumour cells from normal cells. Using cells as selection targets, the obtained aptamers have been used to discover new cancer biomarkers after identification of the binding target. Aptamers have been shown to have antagonists effect on cancer cell proliferation, apoptosis, and metastasis. In addition, aptamers have been used as carriers to deliver therapeutic agents to selectively kill PC cells. This review summarises the potential use of aptamers in the diagnosis and treatment of PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Gao
- a Faculty of Laboratory Medicine , Xiangya Medical College, Central South University , Changsha , China.,b Department of Clinical Laboratory , Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha , China
| | - Can Liu
- a Faculty of Laboratory Medicine , Xiangya Medical College, Central South University , Changsha , China.,b Department of Clinical Laboratory , Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha , China
| | - Sona Jain
- c Department of Chemistry , Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo , Waterloo , Canada
| | - Dai Li
- c Department of Chemistry , Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo , Waterloo , Canada.,d Department of Pharmacology , Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha , China
| | - Hai Wang
- a Faculty of Laboratory Medicine , Xiangya Medical College, Central South University , Changsha , China.,b Department of Clinical Laboratory , Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha , China
| | - Yongxin Zhao
- a Faculty of Laboratory Medicine , Xiangya Medical College, Central South University , Changsha , China.,b Department of Clinical Laboratory , Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha , China
| | - Juewen Liu
- c Department of Chemistry , Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo , Waterloo , Canada
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13
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Ghassami E, Varshosaz J, Minaiyan M, Nasirikenari M, Hoseini SM. Biodistribution, Safety and Organ Toxicity of Docetaxel-Loaded in HER-2 Aptamer Conjugated Ecoflex® Nanoparticles in a Mouse Xenograft Model of Ovarian Cancer. RECENT PATENTS ON NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 13:49-58. [PMID: 30488805 DOI: 10.2174/1872210513666181128162403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Docetaxel is a notably efficient anticancer drug administered for several types of malignancies including ovarian cancer. However, various side effects caused either by the nonspecific distribution of the active ingredient or by high contents of Tween 80 and ethanol in the currently marketed formulations, could even deprive the patients of the treatment. OBJECTIVES In the current study, a novel targeted delivery system composed of Ecoflex® polymeric nanoparticles loaded with docetaxel and equipped with HER-2 specific aptamer molecules was evaluated regarding blood and tissue toxicity, and biodistribution. METHOD The tumor-bearing nude mice, achieved by subcutaneous injection of SKOV-3 cells, were divided into four groups treated with normal saline, Taxotere®, targeted docetaxel nanoparticles, and non-targeted docetaxel nanoparticles. Few patents were alos cied in the article. RESULTS According to the results of hematologic evaluations, almost all hematologic parameters were in normal range with no significant difference among the four groups. Histopathological studies revealed that treatment with targeted nanoparticles caused a remarkable reduction in mitosis in tumor sections and overall reduced organ toxicity compared with Taxotere®. The only exception was spleen in which more damage was caused by the nanoparticles. The results of the biodistribution study were also in accordance with pathological assessments, with significantly lower drug concentration in non-tumor tissues, except for spleen, when targeted nanoparticles were used compared with Taxotere®. CONCLUSION These results could evidence the efficiency of the targeted delivery system in concentrating the drug cargo mostly in its site of action leading to the elimination of its adverse effects caused by exposure of other tissues to the cytotoxic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erfaneh Ghassami
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy and Novel Drug Delivery Systems Research Centre, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Jaleh Varshosaz
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy and Novel Drug Delivery Systems Research Centre, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohsen Minaiyan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Seyed M Hoseini
- Department of Pathobiology, Islamic Azad University, Babol, Iran
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14
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CRAC channels as targets for drug discovery and development. Cell Calcium 2018; 74:147-159. [PMID: 30075400 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2018.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Calcium release-activated calcium (CRAC) channels have been the target of drug discovery for many years. The identification of STIM and Orai proteins as key components of CRAC channels greatly facilitated this process because their co-expression in cell lines produced electrophysiological currents (ICRAC) much larger than those in native cells, making it easier to confirm and characterize the effects of modulatory compounds. A driving force in the quest for CRAC channel drugs has been the immunocompromised phenotype displayed by humans and mice with null or loss-of-function mutations in STIM1 or Orai1, suggesting that CRAC channel inhibitors could be useful therapeutics for autoimmune or inflammatory conditions. Emerging data also suggests that other therapeutic conditions may benefit from CRAC channel inhibition. However, only recently have CRAC channel inhibitors reached clinical trials. This review discusses the challenges associated with drug discovery and development on CRAC channels and the approaches employed to date, as well as the results, starting from initial high-throughput screens for CRAC channel modulators and progressing through target selection and justification, descriptions of pharmacological, safety and toxicological profiles of compounds, and finally the entry of CRAC channel inhibitors into clinical trials.
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15
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Prusty DK, Adam V, Zadegan RM, Irsen S, Famulok M. Supramolecular aptamer nano-constructs for receptor-mediated targeting and light-triggered release of chemotherapeutics into cancer cells. Nat Commun 2018; 9:535. [PMID: 29416033 PMCID: PMC5803212 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-02929-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Platforms for targeted drug-delivery must simultaneously exhibit serum stability, efficient directed cell internalization, and triggered drug release. Here, using lipid-mediated self-assembly of aptamers, we combine multiple structural motifs into a single nanoconstruct that targets hepatocyte growth factor receptor (cMet). The nanocarrier consists of lipidated versions of a cMet-binding aptamer and a separate lipidated GC-rich DNA hairpin motif loaded with intercalated doxorubicin. Multiple 2',6'-dimethylazobenzene moieties are incorporated into the doxorubicin-binding motif to trigger the release of the chemotherapeutics by photoisomerization. The lipidated DNA scaffolds self-assemble into spherical hybrid-nanoconstructs that specifically bind cMet. The combined features of the nanocarriers increase serum nuclease resistance, favor their import into cells presumably mediated by endocytosis, and allow selective photo-release of the chemotherapeutic into the targeted cells. cMet-expressing H1838 tumor cells specifically internalize drug-loaded nanoconstructs, and subsequent UV exposure enhances cell mortality. This modular approach thus paves the way for novel classes of powerful aptamer-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak K Prusty
- Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, Chemical Biology & Medicinal Chemistry Unit, c/o Kekulé Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
- Stiftung Caesar, Max-Planck-Fellowship Group Chemical Biology, Ludwig-Erhard-Allee 2, 53175, Bonn, Germany
| | - Volker Adam
- Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, Chemical Biology & Medicinal Chemistry Unit, c/o Kekulé Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Reza M Zadegan
- Nanoscale Materials & Device Group, Micron School of Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, USA
| | - Stephan Irsen
- Stiftung Caesar, Elektronenmikroskopie und Analytik, Ludwig-Erhard-Allee 2, 53175, Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Famulok
- Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, Chemical Biology & Medicinal Chemistry Unit, c/o Kekulé Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany.
- Stiftung Caesar, Max-Planck-Fellowship Group Chemical Biology, Ludwig-Erhard-Allee 2, 53175, Bonn, Germany.
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16
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Zhao N, Zeng Z, Zu Y. Self-Assembled Aptamer-Nanomedicine for Targeted Chemotherapy and Gene Therapy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:10.1002/smll.201702103. [PMID: 29205808 PMCID: PMC5857619 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201702103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Chemotherapy is the mainstream treatment of anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL). However, chemotherapy can cause severe adverse effects in patients because it is not ALCL-specific. In this study, a multifunctional aptamer-nanomedicine (Apt-NMed) achieving targeted chemotherapy and gene therapy of ALCL is developed. Apt-NMed is formulated by self-assembly of synthetic oligonucleotides containing CD30-specific aptamer and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-specific siRNA followed by self-loading of the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin (DOX). Apt-NMed exhibits a well-defined nanostructure (diameter 59 mm) and stability in human serum. Under aptamer guidance, Apt-NMed specifically binds and internalizes targeted ALCL cells. Intracellular delivery of Apt-NMed triggers rapid DOX release for targeted ALCL chemotherapy and intracellular delivery of the ALK-specific siRNA induced ALK oncogene silencing, resulting in combined therapeutic effects. Animal model studies reveal that upon systemic administration, Apt-NMed specifically targets and selectively accumulates in ALCL tumor site, but does not react with off-target tumors in the same xenograft mouse. Importantly, Apt-NMed not only induces significantly higher inhibition in ALCL tumor growth, but also causes fewer or no side effects in treated mice compared to free DOX. Moreover, Apt-NMed treatment markedly improves the survival rate of treated mice, opening a new avenue for precision treatment of ALCL.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aptamers, Nucleotide/chemistry
- Doxorubicin/chemistry
- Doxorubicin/therapeutic use
- Genetic Therapy/methods
- Humans
- Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Anaplastic/drug therapy
- Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Anaplastic/mortality
- Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Anaplastic/therapy
- Mice
- Mice, SCID
- Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
- Microscopy, Fluorescence
- Nanomedicine/methods
- Nanostructures/chemistry
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- RNA, Small Interfering/physiology
- Survival Rate
- U937 Cells
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Youli Zu
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Cancer Pathology Laboratory, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6565 Fannin St., Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Mears KS, Markus DL, Ogunjimi O, Whelan RJ. Experimental and mathematical evidence that thrombin-binding aptamers form a 1 aptamer:2 protein complex. APTAMERS (OXFORD, ENGLAND) 2018; 2:64-73. [PMID: 34414355 PMCID: PMC8372783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The thrombin-binding 15mer and 29mer ssDNA aptamers are a widely used model system. Despite their ubiquity, controversies persist regarding the nature of the aptamer-protein interactions. Reported affinities vary widely; the role of metal ions in binding is unclear; the structure of the complex is contested. We interrogated the effects of instrument, buffer, and mathematical model on apparent affinities of thrombin aptamers for their target. Instrumental method had a pronounced effect on affinity constants for the 15mer and marginal effect the apparent affinity of the 29mer. Buffer composition and ionic environment did not have significant effects. Affinity probe capillary electrophoresis experiments revealed distinct peaks from samples of 29mer aptamer and thrombin, supporting the model of a 1 aptamer:2 protein complex. Fits to high quality data with five mathematical models further support this stoichiometry, as the binding of both aptamers was best described by the Hill equation with Hill coefficients > 1. Our results indicate that the instrumental method and mathematical model influence apparent affinity of thrombin aptamers and that both aptamers bind thrombin in a 1 aptamer: 2 protein stoichiometry through an induced fit mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kepler S Mears
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Oberlin College, USA
| | - Daniel L Markus
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Oberlin College, USA
| | | | - Rebecca J Whelan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Oberlin College, USA,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, USA,Correspondence to: Rebecca Whelan, , Tel: +574-631-1853, Fax: 574-631-6652
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18
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Hahn U. Charomers-Interleukin-6 Receptor Specific Aptamers for Cellular Internalization and Targeted Drug Delivery. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18122641. [PMID: 29211023 PMCID: PMC5751244 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a key player in inflammation and the main factor for the induction of acute phase protein biosynthesis. Further to its central role in many aspects of the immune system, IL-6 regulates a variety of homeostatic processes. To interfere with IL-6 dependent diseases, such as various autoimmune diseases or certain cancers like multiple myeloma or hepatocellular carcinoma associated with chronic inflammation, it might be a sensible strategy to target human IL-6 receptor (hIL-6R) presenting cells with aptamers. We therefore have selected and characterized different DNA and RNA aptamers specifically binding IL-6R. These IL-6R aptamers, however, do not interfere with the IL-6 signaling pathway but are internalized with the receptor and thus can serve as vehicles for the delivery of different cargo molecules like therapeutics. We succeeded in the construction of a chlorin e6 derivatized aptamer to be delivered for targeted photodynamic therapy (PDT). Furthermore, we were able to synthesize an aptamer intrinsically comprising the cytostatic 5-Fluoro-2′-deoxy-uridine for targeted chemotherapy. The α6β4 integrin specific DNA aptamer IDA, also selected in our laboratory is internalized, too. All these aptamers can serve as vehicles for targeted drug delivery into cells. We call them charomers—in memory of Charon, the ferryman in Greek mythology, who ferried the deceased into the underworld.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Hahn
- Chemistry Department, Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, MIN-Faculty, Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany.
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19
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Avci-Adali M. Selection and Application of Aptamers and Intramers. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 917:241-58. [PMID: 27236559 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-32805-8_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Aptamers are auspicious nucleic acid ligands for targeting different molecules, such as small molecules, peptides, proteins, or even whole living cells. They are short single-stranded DNA or RNA oligonucleotides, which can fold into complex three-dimensional structures and bind selectively their targets. Using the combinatorial chemistry process SELEX (Systematic Evolution of Ligands by EXponential Enrichment), target specific aptamers can be selected. These aptamers have a variety of application possibilities and can be used as sensors, diagnostic, imaging or therapeutic agents, and in the field of regenerative medicine for tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meltem Avci-Adali
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Tuebingen, Calwerstr. 7/1, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany.
- RiNA GmbH, Berlin, Germany.
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20
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Huh JW, Kim SC, Sohn I, Jung SH, Kim HC. Serum protein profiling using an aptamer array predicts clinical outcomes of stage IIA colon cancer: A leave-one-out crossvalidation. Oncotarget 2017; 7:16338-48. [PMID: 26908450 PMCID: PMC4941318 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In this study, we established and validated a model for predicting prognosis of stage IIA colon cancer patients based on expression profiles of aptamers in serum. Methods Bloods samples were collected from 227 consecutive patients with pathologic T3N0M0 (stage IIA) colon cancer. We incubated 1,149 serum molecule-binding aptamer pools of clinical significance with serum from patients to obtain aptamers bound to serum molecules, which were then amplified and marked. Oligonucleotide arrays were constructed with the base sequences of the 1,149 aptamers, and the marked products identified above were reacted with one another to produce profiles of the aptamers bound to serum molecules. These profiles were organized into low- and high-risk groups of colon cancer patients based on clinical information for the serum samples. Cox proportional hazards model and leave-one-out cross-validation (LOOCV) were used to evaluate predictive performance. Results During a median follow-up period of 5 years, 29 of the 227 patients (11.9%) experienced recurrence. There were 212 patients (93.4%) in the low-risk group and 15 patients (6.6%) in the high-risk group in our aptamer prognosis model. Postoperative recurrence significantly correlated with age and aptamer risk stratification (p = 0.046 and p = 0.001, respectively). In multivariate analysis, aptamer risk stratification (p < 0.001) was an independent predictor of recurrence. Disease-free survival curves calculated according to aptamer risk level predicted through a LOOCV procedure and age showed significant differences (p < 0.001 from permutations). Conclusion Aptamer risk stratification can be a valuable prognostic factor in stage II colon cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Wook Huh
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Insuk Sohn
- Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sin-Ho Jung
- Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Hee Cheol Kim
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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21
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Development of Cell-Specific Aptamers: Recent Advances and Insight into the Selection Procedures. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22122070. [PMID: 29186905 PMCID: PMC6149766 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22122070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) is an established procedure for developing short single-stranded nucleic acid ligands called aptamers against a target of choice. This approach has also been used for developing aptamers specific to whole cells named Cell-SELEX. Aptamers selected by Cell-SELEX have the potential to act as cell specific therapeutics, cell specific markers or cell specific drug delivery and imaging agents. However, aptamer development is a laborious and time-consuming process which is often challenging due to the requirement of frequent optimization of various steps involved in Cell-SELEX procedures. This review provides an insight into various procedures for selection, aptamer enrichment, regeneration and aptamer-binding analysis, in addition to a very recent update on all aptamers selected by Cell-SELEX procedures.
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22
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Aptamers as Valuable Molecular Tools in Neurosciences. J Neurosci 2017; 37:2517-2523. [PMID: 28275062 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1969-16.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Aptamers are short nucleic acids that interact with a variety of targets with high affinity and specificity. They have been shown to inhibit biological functions of cognate target proteins, and they are identifiable by an in vitro selection process, also termed SELEX (Systematic Evolution of Ligands by EXponential enrichment). Being nucleic acids, aptamers can be synthesized chemically or enzymatically. The latter renders RNA aptamers compatible with the cell's own transcription machinery and, thus, expressable inside cells. The synthesis of aptamers by chemical approaches opens up the possibility of producing aptamers on a large scale and enables a straightforward access to introduce modifications in a site-specific manner (e.g., fluorophores or photo-labile groups). These characteristics make aptamers broadly applicable (e.g., as an analytical, diagnostic, or separation tool). In this TechSight, we provide a brief overview on aptamer technology and the potential of aptamers as valuable research tools in neurosciences.
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23
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Volk DE, Lokesh GLR. Development of Phosphorothioate DNA and DNA Thioaptamers. Biomedicines 2017; 5:E41. [PMID: 28703779 PMCID: PMC5618299 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines5030041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleic acid aptamers are short RNA- or DNA-based affinity reagents typically selected from combinatorial libraries to bind to a specific target such as a protein, a small molecule, whole cells or even animals. Aptamers have utility in the development of diagnostic, imaging and therapeutic applications due to their size, physico-chemical nature and ease of synthesis and modification to suit the application. A variety of oligonucleotide modifications have been used to enhance the stability of aptamers from nuclease degradation in vivo. The non-bridging oxygen atoms of the phosphodiester backbones of RNA and DNA aptamers can be substituted with one or two sulfur atoms, resulting in thioaptamers with phosphorothioate or phosphorodithioate linkages, respectively. Such thioaptamers are known to have increased binding affinity towards their target, as well as enhanced resistance to nuclease degradation. In this review, we discuss the development of phosphorothioate chemistry and thioaptamers, with a brief review of selection methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E Volk
- McGovern Medical School, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Ganesh L R Lokesh
- McGovern Medical School, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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24
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Alsager OA, Kumar S, Hodgkiss JM. Lateral Flow Aptasensor for Small Molecule Targets Exploiting Adsorption and Desorption Interactions on Gold Nanoparticles. Anal Chem 2017; 89:7416-7424. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b00906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Omar A. Alsager
- King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh 12371, Saudi Arabia
- School
of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6012, New Zealand
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - Shalen Kumar
- School
of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6012, New Zealand
- AuramerBio Ltd., Callaghan Innovation Quarter, 69 Seaview Road, Gracefield, Lower Hutt 5010, New Zealand
| | - Justin M. Hodgkiss
- School
of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6012, New Zealand
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
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25
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Muttach F, Muthmann N, Rentmeister A. Chemo-enzymatic modification of eukaryotic mRNA. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:278-284. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob02144a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Posttranscriptional modification at its 5′ cap renders mRNA amenable to bioorthogonal click reactions which can be performed in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Muttach
- University of Münster
- Department of Chemistry
- Institute of Biochemistry
- 48149 Münster
- Germany
| | - Nils Muthmann
- University of Münster
- Department of Chemistry
- Institute of Biochemistry
- 48149 Münster
- Germany
| | - Andrea Rentmeister
- University of Münster
- Department of Chemistry
- Institute of Biochemistry
- 48149 Münster
- Germany
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26
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Rong Y, Chen H, Zhou XF, Yin CQ, Wang BC, Peng CW, Liu SP, Wang FB. Identification of an aptamer through whole cell-SELEX for targeting high metastatic liver cancers. Oncotarget 2016; 7:8282-94. [PMID: 26882565 PMCID: PMC4884992 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most deadly human cancers due to its ability of invasion and metastasis. Thus, the approaches to identify potential compounds that inhibit invasion and metastasis of HCC are critical for treatment of this disease. In the present study, we used HCCLM9 cells with high metastatic potential and MHCC97L with low metastatic potential as a model system to study the molecular mechanisms of HCC metastasis. By applying cell- Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential enrichment (SELEX) against living cells, we used HCCLM9 as target cells and MHCC97L cells as control to screen a group of HCC metastasis- and cell-specific DNA aptamers. One of selected aptamers, LY-1, could specifically bind to metastatic HCC with a dissociation constant (Kd) in nanomolar range. In vitro studies demonstrated that LY-1 can recognize and bind to membrane protein of metastatic HCC cells. Furthermore, QD605 labeled LY-1 aptamer could recognize HCC cells in both local liver cancer tissues and pulmonary metastatic sites in a xenograft model of HCC with pulmonary metastasis. Further biochemical and immunostaining studies showed that LY-1 could selectively bind to a subpopulation of more metastatic cells in HCCLM9 cells, which express more CK19 and vimentin. Finally, treatment of highly metastatic cells with LY-1 led to reduced migration and invasiveness of HCCLM9 cells in vitro and suppression of xenograft growth in vivo. Taken together, the present study demonstrated the tumor targeting and tumor suppressive effects of LY-1, which could be a promising molecular probe for metastatic HCC and a potential candidate of chemotherapy for metastatic HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Rong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuchang, Wuhan 430071, P.R. China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuchang, Wuhan 430071, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Feng Zhou
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuchang, Wuhan 430071, P.R. China
| | - Chang-Qing Yin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuchang, Wuhan 430071, P.R. China
| | - Bi-Cheng Wang
- Department of Pathology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuchang, Wuhan 430071, P.R. China
| | - Chun-Wei Peng
- Department of Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuchang, Wuhan 430071, P.R. China
| | - Shao-Ping Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors & Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Wuchang, Wuhan 430071, P.R. China
| | - Fu-Bing Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuchang, Wuhan 430071, P.R. China
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González VM, Martín ME, Fernández G, García-Sacristán A. Use of Aptamers as Diagnostics Tools and Antiviral Agents for Human Viruses. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2016; 9:ph9040078. [PMID: 27999271 PMCID: PMC5198053 DOI: 10.3390/ph9040078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Appropriate diagnosis is the key factor for treatment of viral diseases. Time is the most important factor in rapidly developing and epidemiologically dangerous diseases, such as influenza, Ebola and SARS. Chronic viral diseases such as HIV-1 or HCV are asymptomatic or oligosymptomatic and the therapeutic success mainly depends on early detection of the infective agent. Over the last years, aptamer technology has been used in a wide range of diagnostic and therapeutic applications and, concretely, several strategies are currently being explored using aptamers against virus proteins. From a diagnostics point of view, aptamers are being designed as a bio-recognition element in diagnostic systems to detect viral proteins either in the blood (serum or plasma) or into infected cells. Another potential use of aptamers is for therapeutics of viral infections, interfering in the interaction between the virus and the host using aptamers targeting host-cell matrix receptors, or attacking the virus intracellularly, targeting proteins implicated in the viral replication cycle. In this paper, we review how aptamers working against viral proteins are discovered, with a focus on recent advances that improve the aptamers' properties as a real tool for viral infection detection and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor M González
- Departamento de Bioquímica-Investigación, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS)-Hospital Ramón y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain.
| | - M Elena Martín
- Departamento de Bioquímica-Investigación, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS)-Hospital Ramón y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Gerónimo Fernández
- Aptus Biotech SL, c/Faraday, 7, Parque Científico de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ana García-Sacristán
- Aptus Biotech SL, c/Faraday, 7, Parque Científico de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
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28
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Alfavian H, Mousavi Gargari SL, Rasoulinejad S, Medhat A. Development of a DNA aptamer that binds specifically to group A Streptococcus serotype M3. Can J Microbiol 2016; 63:160-168. [PMID: 28121169 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2016-0495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Group A streptococcus (GAS) is an important Gram-positive pathogen that causes various human diseases ranging from peripheral lesions to invasive infections. The M protein is one of the main virulence factors present on the cell surface and is associated with invasive GAS infections. Compared with other M types, serotype M3 has a predominant role in lethal infections and demonstrates epidemic behaviors, including streptococcal toxic shock syndrome, bacteremia, and necrotizing fasciitis. Traditional methods for M typing are time-consuming, tedious, contradictory, and generally restricted to reference laboratories. Therefore, development of a new M-typing technique is needed. Aptamers with the ability to detect their target with a high degree of accuracy and specificity can be ideal candidates for specific M-typing of Streptococcus pyogenes. In this study DNA aptamers with a high binding affinity towards S. pyogenes serotype M3 were selected through 12 iterative rounds of the Systematic Evolution of Ligands by EXponential (SELEX) enrichment procedure using live cells as a target. We monitored the progress of the SELEX procedure by flow cytometry analysis. Of several aptamer sequences analyzed, 12L18A showed the highest binding efficiency towards S. pyogenes type M3, with an apparent dissociation constant (Kd) of 7.47 ± 1.72 pmol/L being the lowest. Therefore the isolated aptamer can be used in any tool, such as a biosensor, for the detection of S. pyogenes and can be used in the development of a novel M-typing system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanif Alfavian
- a Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Samaneh Rasoulinejad
- a Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arvin Medhat
- b GENEXIR Biopharma, a knowledge-based company at Pasteur Institute of Iran Health Technology Park, Tehran, Iran
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Benedetto G, Vestal CG, Richardson C. Aptamer-Functionalized Nanoparticles as "Smart Bombs": The Unrealized Potential for Personalized Medicine and Targeted Cancer Treatment. Target Oncol 2016; 10:467-85. [PMID: 25989948 DOI: 10.1007/s11523-015-0371-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Conventional delivery of chemotherapeutic agents leads to multiple systemic side effects and toxicity, limiting the doses that can be used. The development of targeted therapies to selectively deliver anti-cancer agents to tumor cells without damaging neighboring unaffected cells would lead to higher effective local doses and improved response rates. Aptamers are single-stranded oligonucleotides that bind to target molecules with both high affinity and high specificity. The high specificity exhibited by aptamers promotes localization and uptake by specific cell populations, such as tumor cells, and their conjugation to anti-cancer drugs has been explored for targeted therapy. Advancements in the development of polymeric nanoparticles allow anti-cancer drugs to be encapsulated in protective nonreactive shells for controlled drug delivery with reduced toxicity. The conjugation of aptamers to nanoparticle-based therapeutics may further enhance direct targeting and personalized medicine. Here we present how the combinatorial use of aptamer and nanoparticle technologies has the potential to develop "smart bombs" for targeted cancer treatment, highlighting recent pre-clinical studies demonstrating efficacy for the direct targeting to particular tumor cell populations. However, despite these pre-clinical promising results, there has been little progress in moving this technology to the bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Benedetto
- Department of Biological Sciences, UNC Charlotte, 1902 University City Blvd., Woodward Hall Room 386B, Charlotte, NC, 28223, USA.
| | - C Greer Vestal
- Department of Biological Sciences, UNC Charlotte, 1902 University City Blvd., Woodward Hall Room 386B, Charlotte, NC, 28223, USA.
| | - Christine Richardson
- Department of Biological Sciences, UNC Charlotte, 1902 University City Blvd., Woodward Hall Room 386B, Charlotte, NC, 28223, USA.
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Abstract
This chapter focuses on the selection of RNA aptamers, which bind to specific cell surface components and thus can be internalized receptor mediated. Such aptamers discriminate between different tissues, e.g., detect malignant cells, and target them or induce apoptosis through drug internalization. However, before starting the selection process the choice of an ideal target can be challenging. To give an example for the selection of cell specific aptamers, we here used the interleukin-6 receptor (IL-6R) as a target, which is presented on hepatocytes, neutrophils, monocytes, and macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Berg
- Chemistry Department, Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, MIN-Faculty, Hamburg University, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 22391, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Eileen Magbanua
- Chemistry Department, Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, MIN-Faculty, Hamburg University, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 22391, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Hahn
- Chemistry Department, Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, MIN-Faculty, Hamburg University, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 22391, Hamburg, Germany.
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Lyu Y, Chen G, Shangguan D, Zhang L, Wan S, Wu Y, Zhang H, Duan L, Liu C, You M, Wang J, Tan W. Generating Cell Targeting Aptamers for Nanotheranostics Using Cell-SELEX. Am J Cancer Res 2016; 6:1440-52. [PMID: 27375791 PMCID: PMC4924511 DOI: 10.7150/thno.15666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Detecting and understanding changes in cell conditions on the molecular level is of great importance for the accurate diagnosis and timely therapy of diseases. Cell-based SELEX (Systematic Evolution of Ligands by EXponential enrichment), a foundational technology used to generate highly-specific, cell-targeting aptamers, has been increasingly employed in studies of molecular medicine, including biomarker discovery and early diagnosis/targeting therapy of cancer. In this review, we begin with a mechanical description of the cell-SELEX process, covering aptamer selection, identification and identification, and aptamer characterization; following this introduction is a comprehensive discussion of the potential for aptamers as targeting moieties in the construction of various nanotheranostics. Challenges and prospects for cell-SELEX and aptamer-based nanotheranostic are also discussed.
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Meirinho SG, Dias LG, Peres AM, Rodrigues LR. Voltammetric aptasensors for protein disease biomarkers detection: A review. Biotechnol Adv 2016; 34:941-953. [PMID: 27235188 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2016.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
An electrochemical aptasensor is a compact analytical device where the bioreceptor (aptamer) is coupled to a transducer surface to convert a biological interaction into a measurable signal (current) that can be easily processed, recorded and displayed. Since the discovery of the Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Enrichment (SELEX) methodology, the selection of aptamers and their application as bioreceptors has become a promising tool in the design of electrochemical aptasensors. Aptamers present several advantages that highlight their usefulness as bioreceptors such as chemical stability, cost effectiveness and ease of modification towards detection and immobilization at different transducer surfaces. In this review, a special emphasis is given to the potential use of electrochemical aptasensors for the detection of protein disease biomarkers using voltammetry techniques. Methods for the immobilization of aptamers onto electrode surfaces are discussed, as well as different electrochemical strategies that can be used for the design of aptasensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia G Meirinho
- Centre of Biological Engineering (CEB), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
| | - Luís G Dias
- ESA, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; CQ-VR, Centro de Química - Vila Real, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Apartado 1013, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - António M Peres
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Enginerring - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), ESA, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Lígia R Rodrigues
- Centre of Biological Engineering (CEB), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
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Gijs M, Penner G, Blackler GB, Impens NREN, Baatout S, Luxen A, Aerts AM. Improved Aptamers for the Diagnosis and Potential Treatment of HER2-Positive Cancer. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2016; 9:E29. [PMID: 27213406 PMCID: PMC4932547 DOI: 10.3390/ph9020029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aptamers provide a potential source of alternative targeting molecules for existing antibody diagnostics and therapeutics. In this work, we selected novel DNA aptamers targeting the HER2 receptor by an adherent whole-cell SELEX approach. Individual aptamers were identified by next generation sequencing and bioinformatics analysis. Two aptamers, HeA2_1 and HeA2_3, were shown to bind the HER2 protein with affinities in the nanomolar range. In addition, both aptamers were able to bind with high specificity to HER2-overexpressing cells and HER2-positive tumor tissue samples. Furthermore, we demonstrated that aptamer HeA2_3 is being internalized into cancer cells and has an inhibitory effect on cancer cell growth and viability. In the end, we selected novel DNA aptamers with great potential for the diagnosis and possible treatment of HER2-positive cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlies Gijs
- Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK•CEN), 2400 Mol, Belgium.
- Cyclotron Research Centre, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
| | - Gregory Penner
- NeoVentures Biotechnology Inc., London, N6A 1A1 ON, Canada.
| | | | | | - Sarah Baatout
- Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK•CEN), 2400 Mol, Belgium.
| | - André Luxen
- Cyclotron Research Centre, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
| | - An M Aerts
- Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK•CEN), 2400 Mol, Belgium.
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Berg K, Lange T, Mittelberger F, Schumacher U, Hahn U. Selection and Characterization of an α6β4 Integrin blocking DNA Aptamer. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2016; 5:e294. [PMID: 26978578 PMCID: PMC5014452 DOI: 10.1038/mtna.2016.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The heterodimeric laminin receptor α6β4 integrin plays a central role in the promotion of tumor cell growth, invasion, and organotropic metastasis. As an overproduction of the integrin is often linked to a poor prognosis, the inhibition of integrin α6β4 binding to laminin is of high therapeutical interest. Here, we report on the combination of a cell-systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment and a bead-based selection resulting in the first aptamer inhibiting the interaction between α6β4 integrin and laminin-332. This Integrin α6β4-specific DNA Aptamer (IDA) inhibits the adhesion of prostate cancer cells (PC-3) to laminin-332 with an IC50 value of 149 nmol/l. The Kd value concerning the aptamer's interaction with PC-3 cells amounts to 137 nmol/l. Further characterization showed specificity to α6 integrins and a half-life in murine blood plasma of 6 hours. Two truncated versions of the aptamer retained their binding capacity, but lost their ability to inhibit the interaction between laminin-332 and PC-3 cells. Confocal laser scanning microscope studies revealed that the aptamer was internalized into PC-3-cells. Therefore, in addition to the adhesion-blocking function of this aptamer, IDA could also be applied for the delivery of siRNA, microRNA or toxins to cancer cells presenting the integrin α6β4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Berg
- MIN-Faculty, Chemistry Department, Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Lange
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, University Cancer Center, Institute of Anatomy and Experimental Morphology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Florian Mittelberger
- MIN-Faculty, Chemistry Department, Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Udo Schumacher
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, University Cancer Center, Institute of Anatomy and Experimental Morphology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Hahn
- MIN-Faculty, Chemistry Department, Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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Tan SY, Acquah C, Sidhu A, Ongkudon CM, Yon LS, Danquah MK. SELEX Modifications and Bioanalytical Techniques for Aptamer-Target Binding Characterization. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2016; 46:521-37. [PMID: 26980177 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2016.1157014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The quest to improve the detection of biomolecules and cells in health and life sciences has led to the discovery and characterization of various affinity bioprobes. Libraries of synthetic oligonucleotides (ssDNA/ssRNA) with randomized sequences are employed during Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment (SELEX) to select highly specific affinity probes called aptamers. With much focus on the generation of aptamers for a variety of target molecules, conventional SELEX protocols have been modified to develop new and improved SELEX protocols yielding highly specific and stable aptamers. Various techniques have been used to analyze the binding interactions between aptamers and their cognate molecules with associated merits and limitations. This article comprehensively reviews research advancements in the generation of aptamers, analyses physicochemical conditions affecting their binding characteristics to cellular and biomolecular targets, and discusses various field applications of aptameric binding. Biophysical techniques employed in the characterization of the molecular and binding features of aptamers to their cognate targets are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sze Y Tan
- a Department of Chemical Engineering , Curtin University , Sarawak , Malaysia.,b Curtin Sarawak Research Institute , Curtin University , Sarawak , Malaysia
| | - Caleb Acquah
- a Department of Chemical Engineering , Curtin University , Sarawak , Malaysia.,b Curtin Sarawak Research Institute , Curtin University , Sarawak , Malaysia
| | - Amandeep Sidhu
- b Curtin Sarawak Research Institute , Curtin University , Sarawak , Malaysia.,c Faculty of Health Sciences , Curtin University , Perth , Australia
| | - Clarence M Ongkudon
- d Biotechnology Research Institute , University Malaysia Sabah , Kota Kinabalu , Sabah , Malaysia
| | - L S Yon
- a Department of Chemical Engineering , Curtin University , Sarawak , Malaysia
| | - Michael K Danquah
- a Department of Chemical Engineering , Curtin University , Sarawak , Malaysia.,b Curtin Sarawak Research Institute , Curtin University , Sarawak , Malaysia
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Almasi F, Mousavi Gargari SL, Bitaraf F, Rasoulinejad S. Development of a Single Stranded DNA Aptamer as a Molecular Probe for LNCap Cells Using Cell-SELEX. Avicenna J Med Biotechnol 2016; 8:104-11. [PMID: 27563422 PMCID: PMC4967543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nowadays, highly specific aptamers generated by cell SELEX technology (systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment) are being applied for early detection of cancer cells. Prostate Specific Membrane Antigen (PSMA), over expressed in prostate cancer, is a highly specific marker and therefore can be used for diagnosis of the prostate cancer cells. The aim of the present study was to select single-stranded DNA aptamers against LNCap cells highly expressing PSMA, using cell-SELEX method which can be used as a diagnostic tool for the detection of prostate cancer cells. METHODS After 10 rounds of cell-SELEX, DNA aptamers were isolated against PSMA using LNCaP cells as a target and PC-3 cell lines for counter SELEX. Five DNA aptamers with more than 70% affinity were selected up on flow cytometry analysis of positive clones. RESULTS Dissociation constants of two selected sequences (A12-B1) were estimated in the range of 33.78±3.77 and 57.49±2.214 pmol, respectively. Conserved secondary structures of A12 and B1 sequences suggest the necessity of these structures for binding with high affinity to native PSMA. Comparison of the secondary structures of our isolated aptamers and aptamer A10 obtained by protein SELEX showed similar stem-loop structures which could be responsible for the recognition of PSMA on LNCap cell surface. CONCLUSION Our results indicated that selected aptamers may turn out to be ideal candidates for the development of a detection tool and also can be used in targeted drug delivery for future smart drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faezeh Almasi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Latif Mousavi Gargari
- Department of Biology, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran,Corresponding author: Seyed Latif Mousavi Gargari, Ph.D., Biology Department, Shahed University, Tehran-Qom Expressway, Tehran, Iran, Tel: +98 21 51212200, Fax: +98 21 51212201, E-mail:
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Aptamers Binding to c-Met Inhibiting Tumor Cell Migration. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142412. [PMID: 26658271 PMCID: PMC4676636 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The human receptor tyrosine kinase c-Met plays an important role in the control of critical cellular processes. Since c-Met is frequently over expressed or deregulated in human malignancies, blocking its activation is of special interest for therapy. In normal conditions, the c-Met receptor is activated by its bivalent ligand hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). Also bivalent antibodies can activate the receptor by cross linking, limiting therapeutic applications. We report the generation of the RNA aptamer CLN64 containing 2'-fluoro pyrimidine modifications by systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX). CLN64 and a previously described single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) aptamer CLN3 exhibited high specificities and affinities to recombinant and cellular expressed c-Met. Both aptamers effectively inhibited HGF-dependent c-Met activation, signaling and cell migration. We showed that these aptamers did not induce c-Met activation, revealing an advantage over bivalent therapeutic molecules. Both aptamers were shown to bind overlapping epitopes but only CLN3 competed with HGF binding to cMet. In addition to their therapeutic and diagnostic potential, CLN3 and CLN64 aptamers exhibit valuable tools to further understand the structural and functional basis for c-Met activation or inhibition by synthetic ligands and their interplay with HGF binding.
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38
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Keskin S, Besztejan S, Kassier G, Manz S, Bücker R, Riekeberg S, Trieu HK, Rentmeister A, Miller RJD. Visualization of multimerization and self-assembly of DNA-functionalized gold nanoparticles using in-liquid transmission electron microscopy. J Phys Chem Lett 2015; 6:4487-92. [PMID: 26509279 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b02075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Base-pairing stability in DNA-gold nanoparticle (DNA-AuNP) multimers along with their dynamics under different electron beam intensities was investigated with in-liquid transmission electron microscopy (in-liquid TEM). Multimer formation was triggered by hybridization of DNA oligonucleotides to another DNA strand (Hyb-DNA) related to the concept of DNA origami. We analyzed the degree of multimer formation for a number of samples and a series of control samples to determine the specificity of the multimerization during the TEM imaging. DNA-AuNPs with Hyb-DNA showed an interactive motion and assembly into 1D structures once the electron beam intensity exceeds a threshold value. This behavior was in contrast with control studies with noncomplementary DNA linkers where statistically significantly reduced multimerization was observed and for suspensions of citrate-stabilized AuNPs without DNA, where we did not observe any significant motion or aggregation. These findings indicate that DNA base-pairing interactions are the driving force for multimerization and suggest a high stability of the DNA base pairing even under electron exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sercan Keskin
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter , Luruper Chaussee 149, Geb. 99 (CFEL), 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stephanie Besztejan
- University of Hamburg , Chemistry Department, Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Martin-Luther-King Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging , Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Günther Kassier
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter , Luruper Chaussee 149, Geb. 99 (CFEL), 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stephanie Manz
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter , Luruper Chaussee 149, Geb. 99 (CFEL), 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Robert Bücker
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter , Luruper Chaussee 149, Geb. 99 (CFEL), 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Svenja Riekeberg
- Hamburg University of Technology (TUHH) , Institute of Microsystems Technology, Eißendorfer Straße 42, 21073 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hoc Khiem Trieu
- Hamburg University of Technology (TUHH) , Institute of Microsystems Technology, Eißendorfer Straße 42, 21073 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Rentmeister
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster , Institute of Biochemistry, 48149 Muenster, Germany
- Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003 - CiM), University of Muenster , 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - R J Dwayne Miller
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter , Luruper Chaussee 149, Geb. 99 (CFEL), 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging , Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Departments of Chemistry and Physics, University of Toronto , 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
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Quang NN, Pestourie C, Cibiel A, Ducongé F. How to measure the affinity of aptamers for membrane proteins expressed on the surface of living adherent cells. Methods 2015; 97:35-43. [PMID: 26589188 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2015.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, an increasing number of aptamers have been selected against biomarkers that are expressed at the surface of cells. This class of targets, mostly membrane proteins, is in close contact with the intra- and extra-cellular matrixes and their three-dimensional structures are inextricably linked to their inclusion in lipid bilayers. Therefore, although binding studies can be performed on the isolated form of these proteins, it remains crucial to measure the affinity of these aptamers in a more physiological environment, i.e., directly on living cells. Here, we describe a procedure for radioactive binding assays that can be adapted for measuring the affinity of aptamers against different cell lines. This method has been semi-automated using a liquid handling robot in order to reproducibly measure the apparent dissociation constant Kd and the apparent number of targets per cell. Relevant issues are discussed including the labeling of aptamers, the cells preparation, the incubation, the washings, the use of non-specific competitors, the data analysis and finally the reporting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nam Nguyen Quang
- CEA, DSV, I2BM, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRCen), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Sud, UMR 9199, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Carine Pestourie
- Inserm, UMS006/CREFRE, Service Exploration Non-Invasive, Toulouse, France; Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, UMS006/CREFRE, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Frédéric Ducongé
- CEA, DSV, I2BM, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRCen), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Sud, UMR 9199, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
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Khedri M, Rafatpanah H, Abnous K, Ramezani P, Ramezani M. Cancer immunotherapy via nucleic acid aptamers. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 29:926-936. [PMID: 26603636 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2015] [Revised: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade, immune therapy has become a standard treatment for a variety of cancers. Monoclonal antibodies, immune adjuvants and vaccines against oncogenic viruses are now well-established cancer therapies. Immune modulation is a principal element of supportive care for many high-dose chemotherapy regimens. Aptamers are short nucleic acids that bind to defined targets with high affinity and specificity. The first aptamers have been selected around two decades ago by an in vitro process named SELEX (systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment). Since then, numerous aptamers with specificities for a variety of targets from small molecules to proteins or even whole cells have been selected. Targeting immunomodulatory ligands in the progressive tumor lesions of the patients would be prophylactic or therapeutic and may reduce drug-associated toxicities. A new class of inhibitory and agonistic ligands composed of short oligonucleotide (ODN) aptamers was developed recently that exhibited bioactivities comparable or superior to that of antibodies. This paper addressed progress in cancer immunotherapy with nucleic acid aptamers and highlighted recent developments either in immune system targeting or in immunotherapy methods involved aptamers. We discussed aptamer limitations when used as therapeutic agents for cancer treatment and suggested ways to overcome those limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Khedri
- Department of Immunology, Immunology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Houshang Rafatpanah
- Department of Immunology, Immunology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Khalil Abnous
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Pouria Ramezani
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ramezani
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Yang F, Wang P, Wang R, Zhou Y, Su X, He Y, Shi L, Yao D. Label free electrochemical aptasensor for ultrasensitive detection of ractopamine. Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 77:347-52. [PMID: 26433067 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.09.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
A label free electrochemical (EC) aptasensor for ultrasensitive detection of ractopamine (RAC) was developed. A special immobilization media consisting of gold nanoparticles/poly dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride-graphene composite (AuNPs/PDDA-GN) was utilized to improve conductivity and performance of the biosensor. The RAC aptamer was attached on AuNPs of the composite membrane via Au-S bond. The fabrication process of the EC aptasensor was characterized by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. The peak currents obtained by differential pulse voltammetry decreased linearly with the increasing of RAC concentrations and the sensor responds approximately logarithmically over a wide dynamic range of RAC concentration from 1.0 × 10(-12)mol/L to 1.0 × 10(-8)mol/L. The linear correlation coefficient of the developed aptasensor was 0.998, the limit of detection was 5.0 × 10(-13)mol/L. The proposed EC aptasensor displayed good stability, reproducibility and robust operation in animal urine. Particularly, the generality of the fabrication approach of electrochemical aptasensor is highlighted with a further example for illegal drugs detection via the aptamer identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, China
| | - Peilong Wang
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Ruiguo Wang
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaoou Su
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Yujian He
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, China
| | - Dongsheng Yao
- Institute of Microbial Biotechnology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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Aptekar S, Arora M, Lawrence CL, Lea RW, Ashton K, Dawson T, Alder JE, Shaw L. Selective Targeting to Glioma with Nucleic Acid Aptamers. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134957. [PMID: 26252900 PMCID: PMC4529171 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant glioma is characterised by a rapid growth rate and high capacity for invasive infiltration to surrounding brain tissue; hence, diagnosis and treatment is difficult and patient survival is poor. Aptamers contribute a promising and unique technology for the in vitro imaging of live cells and tissues, with a potentially bright future in clinical diagnostics and therapeutics for malignant glioma. The binding selectivity, uptake capacity and binding target of two DNA aptamers, SA43 and SA44, were investigated in glioma cells and patient tissues. The binding assay showed that SA43 and SA44 bound with strong affinity (Kd, 21.56 ± 4.60 nM and Kd, 21.11 ± 3.30 nM respectively) to the target U87MG cells. Quantitative analysis by flow cytometry showed that the aptamers were able to actively internalise in U87MG and 1321N1 glioma cells compared to the non-cancerous and non-glioma cell types. Confocal microscopy confirmed staining in the cytoplasm, and co-localisation studies with endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus and lysosomal markers suggested internalisation and compartmentalisation within the endomembrane system. Both aptamers selectively bound to Ku 70 and Ku 80 DNA repair proteins as determined by aptoprecipitation (AP) followed by mass spectrometry analysis and confirmation by Western blot. In addition, aptohistochemical (AHC) staining on paraffin embedded, formalin fixed patient tissues revealed that the binding selectivity was significantly higher for SA43 aptamer in glioma tissues (grade I, II, III and IV) compared to the non-cancerous tissues, whereas SA44 did not show selectivity towards glioma tissues. The results indicate that SA43 aptamer can differentiate between glioma and non-cancerous cells and tissues and therefore, shows promise for histological diagnosis of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shraddha Aptekar
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, College of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, Lancashire, PR1 2HE, United Kingdom
| | - Mohit Arora
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, College of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, Lancashire, PR1 2HE, United Kingdom
- Department of Neuropathology, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals (NHS trust), Preston, PR2 9HT, United Kingdom
| | - Clare Louise Lawrence
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, College of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, Lancashire, PR1 2HE, United Kingdom
| | - Robert William Lea
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, College of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, Lancashire, PR1 2HE, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine Ashton
- Department of Neuropathology, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals (NHS trust), Preston, PR2 9HT, United Kingdom
| | - Tim Dawson
- Department of Neuropathology, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals (NHS trust), Preston, PR2 9HT, United Kingdom
| | - Jane Elizabeth Alder
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, College of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, Lancashire, PR1 2HE, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa Shaw
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, College of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, Lancashire, PR1 2HE, United Kingdom
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Zhu B, Alsager OA, Kumar S, Hodgkiss JM, Travas-Sejdic J. Label-free electrochemical aptasensor for femtomolar detection of 17β-estradiol. Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 70:398-403. [PMID: 25845331 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.03.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We report an electrochemical aptasensor for the rapid, label-free detection of 17β-estradiol (E2) from femtomolar to micromolar levels. The sensor features an aptamer-functionalised nanoporous conducting polymer electrode whose surface potential is probed via electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The unprecedented detection limit for E2 is explained via the redistribution of negative charges in the electrode double-layer region when the aptamer adopts a folded conformation around the small neutral target molecule. The sensor responds approximately logarithmically over a wide dynamic range of E2 concentration that spans biological trigger levels, with excellent discrimination against structurally similar molecules including progesterone, and robust operation in human urine. The generality of the approach of using conformationally gated small molecule binding aptamers is highlighted with a further example of adenosine detection via the adenosine binding aptamer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bicheng Zhu
- Polymer Electronics Research Centre, School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, 23 Symonds Street, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Omar A Alsager
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6012, New Zealand; The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, New Zealand
| | - Shalen Kumar
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6012, New Zealand
| | - Justin M Hodgkiss
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6012, New Zealand; The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, New Zealand.
| | - Jadranka Travas-Sejdic
- Polymer Electronics Research Centre, School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, 23 Symonds Street, Auckland, New Zealand; The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, New Zealand.
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Perschbacher K, Smestad JA, Peters JP, Standiford MM, Denic A, Wootla B, Warrington AE, Rodriguez M, Maher LJ. Quantitative PCR analysis of DNA aptamer pharmacokinetics in mice. Nucleic Acid Ther 2014; 25:11-9. [PMID: 25536292 PMCID: PMC4296750 DOI: 10.1089/nat.2014.0515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA aptamer oligonucleotides and their protein conjugates show promise as therapeutics in animal models of diseases such as multiple sclerosis. These molecules are large and highly charged, raising questions about their biodistribution and pharmacokinetics in mammals. Here we exploit the power of quantitative polymerase chain reaction to accurately quantitate the tissue distribution of 40-nucleotide DNA aptamers and their streptavidin conjugates after intraperitoneal injection in mice. We show remarkably rapid distribution to peripheral tissues including the central nervous system. Modeling of tissue distribution data reveals the importance of DNA aptamer sequence, 3′ modification, and protein conjugation in enhancing tissue exposure. These data help to interpret the previously observed effectiveness of aptamer conjugates, as opposed to free aptamers, in stimulating central nervous system remyelination in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Perschbacher
- 1 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine , Rochester, Minnesota
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Abstract
The in vivo application of aptamers as therapeutics could be improved by enhancing target-specific accumulation while minimizing off-target uptake. We designed a light-triggered system that permits spatiotemporal regulation of aptamer activity in vitro and in vivo. Cell binding by the aptamer was prevented by hybridizing the aptamer to a photo-labile complementary oligonucleotide. Upon irradiation at the tumor site, the aptamer was liberated, leading to prolonged intratumoral retention. The relative distribution of the aptamer to the liver and kidney was also significantly decreased, compared to that of the free aptamer.
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Gedi V, Kim YP. Detection and characterization of cancer cells and pathogenic bacteria using aptamer-based nano-conjugates. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2014; 14:18302-27. [PMID: 25268922 PMCID: PMC4239906 DOI: 10.3390/s141018302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Revised: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Detection and characterization of cells using aptamers and aptamer-conjugated nanoprobes has evolved a great deal over the past few decades. This evolution has been driven by the easy selection of aptamers via in vitro cell-SELEX, permitting sensitive discrimination between target and normal cells, which includes pathogenic prokaryotic and cancerous eukaryotic cells. Additionally, when the aptamer-based strategies are used in conjunction with nanomaterials, there is the potential for cell targeting and therapeutic effects with improved specificity and sensitivity. Here we review recent advances in aptamer-based nano-conjugates and their applications for detecting cancer cells and pathogenic bacteria. The multidisciplinary research utilized in this field will play an increasingly significant role in clinical medicine and drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinayakumar Gedi
- Department of Life Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Korea.
| | - Young-Pil Kim
- Department of Life Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Korea.
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Kaiser PD, Maier J, Traenkle B, Emele F, Rothbauer U. Recent progress in generating intracellular functional antibody fragments to target and trace cellular components in living cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2014; 1844:1933-1942. [PMID: 24792387 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2014.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2014] [Revised: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In biomedical research there is an ongoing demand for new technologies, which help to elucidate disease mechanisms and provide the basis to develop novel therapeutics. In this context a comprehensive understanding of cellular processes and their pathophysiology based on reliable information on abundance, localization, posttranslational modifications and dynamic interactions of cellular components is indispensable. Besides their significant impact as therapeutic molecules, antibodies are arguably the most powerful research tools to study endogenous proteins and other cellular components. However, for cellular diagnostics their use is restricted to endpoint assays using fixed and permeabilized cells. Alternatively, live cell imaging using fluorescent protein-tagged reporters is widely used to study protein localization and dynamics in living cells. However, only artificially introduced chimeric proteins are visualized, whereas the endogenous proteins, their posttranslational modifications as well as non-protein components of the cell remain invisible and cannot be analyzed. To overcome these limitations, traceable intracellular binding molecules provide new opportunities to perform cellular diagnostics in real time. In this review we summarize recent progress in the generation of intracellular and cell penetrating antibodies and their application to target and trace cellular components in living cells. We highlight recent advances in the structural formulation of recombinant antibody formats, reliable screening protocols and sophisticated cellular targeting technologies and propose that such intrabodies will become versatile research tools for real time cell-based diagnostics including target validation and live cell imaging. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Recent advances in molecular engineering of antibody.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp D Kaiser
- Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tuebingen, Markwiesenstrasse 55, 72770 Reutlingen, Germany; Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Julia Maier
- Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tuebingen, Markwiesenstrasse 55, 72770 Reutlingen, Germany; Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Bjoern Traenkle
- Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tuebingen, Markwiesenstrasse 55, 72770 Reutlingen, Germany; Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Felix Emele
- Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tuebingen, Markwiesenstrasse 55, 72770 Reutlingen, Germany; Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Rothbauer
- Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tuebingen, Markwiesenstrasse 55, 72770 Reutlingen, Germany; Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
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Balamurugan S, Mayer KM, Lee S, Soper SA, Hafner JH, Spivak DA. Nanostructure shape effects on response of plasmonic aptamer sensors. J Mol Recognit 2014; 26:402-7. [PMID: 23836467 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Revised: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) sensor surface was fabricated by the deposition of gold nanorods on a glass substrate and subsequent immobilization of the DNA aptamer, which specifically bind to thrombin. This LSPR aptamer sensor showed a response of 6-nm λ(max) shift for protein binding with the detection limit of at least 10 pM, indicating one of the highest sensitivities achieved for thrombin detection by optical extinction LSPR. We also tested the LSPR sensor fabricated using gold bipyramid, which showed higher refractive index sensitivity than the gold nanorods, but the overall response of gold bipyramid sensor appears to be 25% less than that of the gold nanorod substrate, despite the approximately twofold higher refractive index sensitivity. XPS analysis showed that this is due to the low surface density of aptamers on the gold bipyramid compared with gold nanorods. The low surface density of the aptamers on the gold bipyramid surface may be due to the effect of shape of the nanostructure on the kinetics of aptamer monolayer formation. The small size of aptamers relative to other bioreceptors is the key to achieving high sensitivity by biosensors on the basis of LSPR, demonstrated here for protein binding. The generality of aptamer sensors for protein detection using gold nanorod and gold nanobipyramid substrates is anticipated to have a large impact in the important development of sensors toward biomarkers, environmental toxins, and warfare agents.
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Chlorin e6 Conjugated Interleukin-6 Receptor Aptamers Selectively Kill Target Cells Upon Irradiation. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2014; 3:e143. [PMID: 24481022 PMCID: PMC3910004 DOI: 10.1038/mtna.2013.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) uses the therapeutic properties of light in combination with certain chemicals, called photosensitizers, to successfully treat brain, breast, prostate, and skin cancers. To improve PDT, current research focuses on the development of photosensitizers to specifically target cancer cells. In the past few years, aptamers have been developed to directly deliver cargo molecules into target cells. We conjugated the photosensitizer chlorin e6 (ce6) with a human interleukin-6 receptor (IL-6R) binding RNA aptamer, AIR-3A yielding AIR-3A-ce6 for application in high efficient PDT. AIR-3A-ce6 was rapidly and specifically internalized by IL-6R presenting (IL-6R(+)) cells. Upon light irradiation, targeted cells were selectively killed, while free ce6 did not show any toxic effect. Cells lacking the IL-6R were also not affected by AIR-3A-ce6. With this approach, we improved the target specificity of ce6-mediated PDT. In the future, other tumor-specific aptamers might be used to selectively localize photosensitizers into cells of interest and improve the efficacy and specificity of PDT in cancer and other diseases.Molecular Therapy-Nucleic Acids (2014) 3, e143; doi:10.1038/mtna.2013.70; published online 21 January 2014.
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50
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Zamay TN, Kolovskaya OS, Glazyrin YE, Zamay GS, Kuznetsova SA, Spivak EA, Wehbe M, Savitskaya AG, Zubkova OA, Kadkina A, Wang X, Muharemagic D, Dubynina A, Sheina Y, Salmina AB, Berezovski MV, Zamay AS. DNA-aptamer targeting vimentin for tumor therapy in vivo. Nucleic Acid Ther 2014; 24:160-70. [PMID: 24410722 DOI: 10.1089/nat.2013.0471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, new prospects for the use of nucleic acids as anticancer drugs have been discovered. Aptamers for intracellular targets can regulate cellular functions and cause cell death or proliferation. However, intracellular aptamers have limited use for therapeutic applications due to their low bioavailability. In this work, we selected DNA aptamers to cell organelles and nucleus of cancer cells, and showed that an aptamer NAS-24 binds to vimentin and causes apoptosis of mouse ascites adenocarcinoma cells in vitro and in vivo. To deliver the aptamer NAS-24 inside cells, natural polysaccharide arabinogalactan was used as a carrier reagent. The mixture of arabinogalactan and NAS-24 was injected intraperitonealy for 5 days into mice with adenocarcinoma and inhibited adenocarcinoma growth more effectively than free arabinogalactan or the aptamer alone. The use of aptamers to intracellular targets together with arabinogalactan becomes a promising approach for anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana N Zamay
- 1 Department of Biochemistry, Medical, Pharmaceutical, and Toxicological Chemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University , Krasnoyarsk, Russia
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