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Lampert R, Chung EH, Ackerman MJ, Arroyo AR, Darden D, Deo R, Dolan J, Etheridge SP, Gray BR, Harmon KG, James CA, Kim JH, Krahn AD, La Gerche A, Link MS, MacIntyre C, Mont L, Salerno JC, Shah MJ. 2024 HRS expert consensus statement on arrhythmias in the athlete: Evaluation, treatment, and return to play. Heart Rhythm 2024; 21:e151-e252. [PMID: 38763377 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2024.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Youth and adult participation in sports continues to increase, and athletes may be diagnosed with potentially arrhythmogenic cardiac conditions. This international multidisciplinary document is intended to guide electrophysiologists, sports cardiologists, and associated health care team members in the diagnosis, treatment, and management of arrhythmic conditions in the athlete with the goal of facilitating return to sport and avoiding the harm caused by restriction. Expert, disease-specific risk assessment in the context of athlete symptoms and diagnoses is emphasized throughout the document. After appropriate risk assessment, management of arrhythmias geared toward return to play when possible is addressed. Other topics include shared decision-making and emergency action planning. The goal of this document is to provide evidence-based recommendations impacting all areas in the care of athletes with arrhythmic conditions. Areas in need of further study are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Lampert
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Eugene H Chung
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | | | - Rajat Deo
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Joe Dolan
- University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | | | - Belinda R Gray
- University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Andrew D Krahn
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Andre La Gerche
- Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mark S Link
- UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | | | - Lluis Mont
- Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jack C Salerno
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Maully J Shah
- Childrens Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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2
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Ye H, Chen X, Huang X, Li C, Yin X, Zhao W, Wang T. Patterned Gold Nanoparticle Superlattice Film for Wearable Sweat Sensors. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:11082-11089. [PMID: 39171663 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c03254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Nanoparticle superlattices are beneficial in terms of providing strong and uniform signals in analysis owing to their closely packed uniform structures. However, nanoparticle superlattices are prone to cracking during physical activities because of stress concentrations, which hinders their detection performance and limits their analytical applications. In this work, template printing methods were used in this study to prepare a patterned gold nanoparticle (AuNP) superlattice film. By adjustment of the size of the AuNP superlattice domain below the critical size of fracture, the mechanical stability of the AuNP superlattice domain is improved. Thus, long-term sustainable high-performance signal output is achieved. The patterned AuNP superlattice film was used to construct a wearable sweat sensor based on surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). The designed sensor showed promise for long-term reliable use in actual scenarios in terms of recommending water replenishment, monitoring hydration states, and tracking the intensity of activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haochen Ye
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xiangyu Chen
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xiaobin Huang
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Cancan Li
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xiaomeng Yin
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Weidong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy in the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Tie Wang
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- Life and Health Intelligent Research Institute, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, P. R. China
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3
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Kim KR, Kang TW, Kim H, Lee YJ, Lee SH, Yi H, Kim HS, Kim H, Min J, Ready J, Millard-Stafford M, Yeo WH. All-in-One, Wireless, Multi-Sensor Integrated Athlete Health Monitor for Real-Time Continuous Detection of Dehydration and Physiological Stress. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2403238. [PMID: 38950170 PMCID: PMC11434103 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202403238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Athletes are at high risk of dehydration, fatigue, and cardiac disorders due to extreme performance in often harsh environments. Despite advancements in sports training protocols, there is an urgent need for a non-invasive system capable of comprehensive health monitoring. Although a few existing wearables measure athlete's performance, they are limited by a single function, rigidity, bulkiness, and required straps and adhesives. Here, an all-in-one, multi-sensor integrated wearable system utilizing a set of nanomembrane soft sensors and electronics, enabling wireless, real-time, continuous monitoring of saliva osmolality, skin temperature, and heart functions is introduced. This system, using a soft patch and a sensor-integrated mouthguard, provides comprehensive monitoring of an athlete's hydration and physiological stress levels. A validation study in detecting real-time physiological levels shows the device's performance in capturing moments (400-500 s) of synchronized acute elevation in dehydration (350%) and physiological strain (175%) during field training sessions. Demonstration with a few human subjects highlights the system's capability to detect early signs of health abnormality, thus improving the healthcare of sports athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka Ram Kim
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- Wearable Intelligent Systems and Healthcare Center (WISH Center), Institute for Matter and Systems, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Tae Woog Kang
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- Wearable Intelligent Systems and Healthcare Center (WISH Center), Institute for Matter and Systems, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Hodam Kim
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- Wearable Intelligent Systems and Healthcare Center (WISH Center), Institute for Matter and Systems, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Yoon Jae Lee
- Wearable Intelligent Systems and Healthcare Center (WISH Center), Institute for Matter and Systems, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Sung Hoon Lee
- Wearable Intelligent Systems and Healthcare Center (WISH Center), Institute for Matter and Systems, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Hoon Yi
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- Wearable Intelligent Systems and Healthcare Center (WISH Center), Institute for Matter and Systems, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Hyeon Seok Kim
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- Wearable Intelligent Systems and Healthcare Center (WISH Center), Institute for Matter and Systems, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Hojoong Kim
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- Wearable Intelligent Systems and Healthcare Center (WISH Center), Institute for Matter and Systems, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Jihee Min
- Wearable Intelligent Systems and Healthcare Center (WISH Center), Institute for Matter and Systems, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Jud Ready
- Electro-Optical Systems Laboratory, Georgia Tech Research Institute, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | | | - Woon-Hong Yeo
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- Wearable Intelligent Systems and Healthcare Center (WISH Center), Institute for Matter and Systems, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Tech and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Institute for Robotics and Intelligent Machines, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
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4
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Rosbrook P, Margolis LM, Pryor JL. Nutritional Considerations in Exercise-Based Heat Acclimation: A Narrative Review. Sports Med 2024:10.1007/s40279-024-02109-x. [PMID: 39217233 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-024-02109-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
In addition to its established thermoregulatory and cardiovascular effects, heat stress provokes alterations in macronutrient metabolism, gastrointestinal integrity, and appetite. Inadequate energy, carbohydrate, and protein intake have been implicated in reduced exercise and heat tolerance. Classic exercise heat acclimation (HA) protocols employ low-to-moderate-intensity exercise for 5-14 days, while recent studies have evolved the practice by implementing high-intensity and task-specific exercise during HA, which potentially results in impaired post-HA physical performance despite adequate heat adaptations. While there is robust literature demonstrating the performance benefit of various nutritional interventions during intensive training and competition, most HA studies implement few nutritional controls. This review summarizes the relationships between heat stress, HA, and intense exercise in connection with substrate metabolism, gastrointestinal function, and the potential consequences of reduced energy availability. We discuss the potential influence of macronutrient manipulations on HA study outcomes and suggest best practices to implement nutritional controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Rosbrook
- Center for Research & Education in Special Environments, Department of Exercise & Nutrition Sciences, State University of New York University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.
| | - Lee M Margolis
- Military Nutrition Division, U.S. Army Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, USA
| | - J Luke Pryor
- Center for Research & Education in Special Environments, Department of Exercise & Nutrition Sciences, State University of New York University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
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5
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O'Connor FG, DeGroot DW. Heat-Related Illness in Athletes. JAMA 2024; 332:664-665. [PMID: 39052275 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2024.9991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
This JAMA Insights discusses heat-related illness in athletes, including risk factors, prevention, symptoms, and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis G O'Connor
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - David W DeGroot
- Army Heat Center, Martin Army Community Hospital, Fort Moore, Georgia
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López-Moreno M, Fresán U, Del Coso J, Aguilar-Navarro M, Iglesias López MT, Pena-Fernández J, Muñoz A, Gutiérrez-Hellín J. The OMNIVEG STUDY: Health outcomes of shifting from a traditional to a vegan Mediterranean diet in healthy men. A controlled crossover trial. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2024:S0939-4753(24)00305-3. [PMID: 39358106 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2024.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM The Mediterranean diet is a plant-based dietary pattern with well-established health benefits such as the reduced risk of cardiovascular disease. Additionally, incorporating more plant-based foods into a Mediterranean diet may provide further health benefits. The study aimed to assess the effect of shifting from a traditional Mediterranean diet to a vegan Mediterranean diet on cardiorespiratory fitness and lipid profile in physically active and healthy men. METHODS AND RESULTS Participants underwent a baseline period with adhesion to the general patterns of the Mediterranean diet for three weeks and then they changed to an isocaloric vegan version of the Mediterranean diet for four weeks, with a 7-day washout period between diets. The shift from the traditional Mediterranean diet to the vegan Mediterranean diet required substituting animal-based foods with plant-based foods that contain comparable amounts of protein and fat. Fourteen participants with a mean age of 24.6 ± 7.0 years (range: 18-37 years), completed the study protocol. The change from the traditional to the vegan Mediterranean diet reduced blood concentration of total cholesterol (-22.6 mg/dl, p < 0.01, Effect size [ES] = 1.07) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (-12.8 mg/dl, p < 0.01, ES = 0.72). An inverse correlation was observed between the intake of dietary fibre and LDL-C (partial rho = -0.43, p = 0.040). CONCLUSIONS The adoption of a vegan Mediterranean diet with plant-based proteins and fats instead of the traditional Mediterranean diet improved several cardiometabolic health outcomes in physically active and healthy men. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY NCT06008886.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel López-Moreno
- Diet, Planetary Health and Performance, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223, Pozuelo, Spain; School of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223, Pozuelo, Spain
| | | | - Juan Del Coso
- Sport Sciences Research Centre, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28943, Madrid, Spain
| | - Millán Aguilar-Navarro
- Exercise and Sport Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223, Pozuelo, Spain
| | | | - Javier Pena-Fernández
- Exercise and Sport Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223, Pozuelo, Spain
| | - Alejandro Muñoz
- Exercise and Sport Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223, Pozuelo, Spain.
| | - Jorge Gutiérrez-Hellín
- Exercise and Sport Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223, Pozuelo, Spain
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7
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Capra ME, Stanyevic B, Giudice A, Monopoli D, Decarolis NM, Esposito S, Biasucci G. Nutrition for Children and Adolescents Who Practice Sport: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2024; 16:2803. [PMID: 39203939 PMCID: PMC11357223 DOI: 10.3390/nu16162803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2024] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
At a developmental age, adequate physical activity is fundamental to overall health and well-being and preventing obesity. Moreover, establishing active behavior can help children and adolescents meet their growth and neurodevelopmental goals. Nutritional requirements vary according to intensity, frequency, and practiced physical activity or sport; therefore, pediatricians should give children and adolescents and their families adequate counseling, avoiding both nutrient deficiencies and excessive or inadequate supplement intake. The focus should be not only on sports performance but also on the child's well-being, growth, and neurodevelopment. Our narrative review aims to discuss the nutritional needs of children and adolescents who practice physical activity, non-competitive sports activity, and elite sports activity while also analyzing the role of food supplements and the risk of eating disorders within this category of subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Elena Capra
- Pediatrics and Neonatology Unit, Guglielmo da Saliceto Hospital, 29121 Piacenza, Italy; (M.E.C.); (G.B.)
| | - Brigida Stanyevic
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Antonella Giudice
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Delia Monopoli
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Nicola Mattia Decarolis
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Susanna Esposito
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Giacomo Biasucci
- Pediatrics and Neonatology Unit, Guglielmo da Saliceto Hospital, 29121 Piacenza, Italy; (M.E.C.); (G.B.)
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
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8
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Margaritelis NV, Cobley JN, Nastos GG, Papanikolaou K, Bailey SJ, Kritsiligkou P, Nikolaidis MG. Evidence-based sports supplements: A redox analysis. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 224:62-77. [PMID: 39147071 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Despite the overwhelming number of sports supplements on the market, only seven are currently recognized as effective. Biological functions are largely regulated through redox reactions, yet no comprehensive analysis of the redox properties of these supplements has been compiled. Here, we analyze the redox characteristics of these seven supplements: bicarbonates, beta-alanine, caffeine, creatine, nitrates, carbohydrates, and proteins. Our findings suggest that all sports supplements exhibit some degree of redox activity. However, the precise physiological implications of these redox properties remain unclear. Future research, employing unconventional perspectives and methodologies, will reveal new redox pixels of the exercise physiology and sports nutrition picture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikos V Margaritelis
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Serres, Greece.
| | - James N Cobley
- School of Life Sciences, The University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | - George G Nastos
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Serres, Greece
| | | | - Stephen J Bailey
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Paraskevi Kritsiligkou
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Michalis G Nikolaidis
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Serres, Greece
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9
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Winter IP, Ferguson BK, Wilson PB. Associations between urine specific gravity and race/ethnicity at the population level: Implications for hydration status categorization. Am J Hum Biol 2024:e24139. [PMID: 39016205 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.24139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to evaluate how urine specific gravity (USG) and rates of supposed hypohydration vary by race/ethnicity, and to examine how adjustment for several important factors impacts estimated USG. METHODS Using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, this cross-sectional study evaluated a total of 4195 (2098 female, 2097 male) Americans and categorized them as supposedly hypohydrated (USG≥1.020) or not using spot urine samples. USG and prevalence of supposed hypohydration were compared across racial/ethnic groups, separately by gender. The analyses considered the impact of urine creatinine, body composition, age, dietary nutrients, and physical activity. RESULTS Differences in supposed hypohydration prevalence were observed by race/ethnicity in men (p = .030) and women (p < .001). In unadjusted models, Black women's USG (1.0189) was higher (p < .05) than all the other race/ethnicity groups' USG (1.0142-1.0171). In men, Blacks' USG (1.0197) was higher (p < .05) than the USG of Whites (1.0177) and other/multi-racial (1.0176) but not Mexican Americans (1.0196) or other Hispanics (1.0192). Adjustments for age, arm circumference, nutrients (protein, sodium, potassium, and moisture), and physical activity minimally influenced USG estimates. Further adjustment for urine creatinine lowered USG for Black women and men by 0.003 and 0.0023, respectively, with no notable lowering of USG in the other races/ethnicities. Supplemental analyses matching Whites and Blacks on age, moisture intake, and poverty-to-income ratio confirmed racial differences in urine creatinine and USG, though the effects were most pronounced in women. CONCLUSIONS Using a USG≥1.020 to identify hypohydration in all races/ethnicities may be inappropriate due to, among other factors, differences in urinary creatinine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian P Winter
- Human Performance Laboratory, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
| | - Brian K Ferguson
- Human Performance Laboratory, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
| | - Patrick B Wilson
- Human Performance Laboratory, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
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10
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Varillas-Delgado D, Coso JD, Muñoz A, Aguilar-Navarro M, Gutierrez-Hellin J. Influence of the CYP1A2 c. -163 A > C polymorphism in the effect of caffeine on fat oxidation during exercise: a pilot randomized, double-blind, crossover, placebo-controlled trial. Eur J Nutr 2024:10.1007/s00394-024-03454-3. [PMID: 39007997 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-024-03454-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to determine the influence of the CYP1A2 c.-163 A > C (rs762551) polymorphism on the effect of oral caffeine intake on fat oxidation during exercise. METHODS Using a pilot randomized, double-blind, crossover, placebo-controlled trial, 32 young and healthy individuals (women = 14, men = 18) performed an incremental test on a cycle ergometer with 3-min stages at workloads from 30 to 70% of maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max). Participants performed this test after the ingestion of (a) placebo; (b) 3 mg/kg of caffeine; (c) 6 mg/kg of caffeine. Fat oxidation rate during exercise was measured by indirect calorimetry. The influence of the CYP1A2 c.-163 A > C polymorphism in the effect of caffeine on fat oxidation rates during exercise was established with a three-way ANOVA (substance × genotype × intensity). RESULTS Eight participants were genotyped as AA, 18 participants were CA heterozygotes, and 6 participants were CC. There was a main effect of substance (F = 3.348, p = 0.050) on fat oxidation rates during exercise with no genotype effect (F = 0.158, p = 0.959). The post hoc analysis revealed that, in comparison to the placebo, 3 and 6 mg/kg of caffeine increased fat oxidation at 40-50% VO2max in AA (all p < 0.050) and 50-60% VO2max in CA and CC participants (all p < 0.050). CONCLUSION Oral intake of 3 and 6 mg/kg of caffeine increased fat oxidation rate during aerobic exercise in individuals with AA, CA and CC genotypes. This suggests that the effect of caffeine to enhance fat oxidation during exercise is not influenced by the CYP1A2 c.-163 A > C polymorphism. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study was registered on clinicaltrials.gov with ID: NCT05975489.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juan Del Coso
- Sport Sciences Research Centre, Rey Juan Carlos University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Muñoz
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Madrid, Spain.
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11
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Yamashita N, Kume M, Satake T, Inoue K, Yoshida T. Subjective perceived risk factors of exertional heat exhaustion-related symptoms in female collegiate athletes in Japan. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2024; 68:1303-1314. [PMID: 38598168 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-024-02667-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Associations of exertional heat exhaustion (EHE)-related symptoms with lifestyle habits and health factors specific to female athletes, ranked by relative risks from high to low, remain elusive. Addressing this issue would benefit athletes and coaches, ensuring safer practices during summer sports activities. To address this issue, we distributed paper-based questionnaires to seven universities in Japan, and 983 respondents completed our survey. The questionnaires covered various personal characteristics, lifestyle habits, perceived health factors, perceived athletic activity, and EHE-related symptoms. In this retrospective case-control study, we analyzed the relationships of EHE-related symptoms (objective variables) with lifestyle habits, health factors, and athletic activity conditions (explanatory variables) using the partial proportional odds model. The questionnaire responses revealed that perceived dehydration, sickness, loss of appetite, perceived accumulated fatigue, perceived mental stress, lack of ambient wind, and insufficient rest breaks were positively associated with EHE-related symptoms, with relative risks ranging from high to low. Using an air conditioner during sleep and having a sleep duration of ≥ 6 h were associated with a reduced risk of EHE-related symptoms. The study results suggest that female athletes should be allowed to postpone exercise or reduce its intensity and volume based on their perceptions of dehydration, sickness, loss of appetite, accumulated fatigue, and mental stress in summer to prevent heat-related illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoyuki Yamashita
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Masashi Kume
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyoto Bunkyo Junior College, Uji, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Satake
- Faculty of Health Science, Kyoto Koka Women's University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Keiko Inoue
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Yoshida
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto, Japan
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12
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Goldman DM, Warbeck CB, Karlsen MC. Protein Requirements for Maximal Muscle Mass and Athletic Performance Are Achieved with Completely Plant-Based Diets Scaled to Meet Energy Needs: A Modeling Study in Professional American Football Players. Nutrients 2024; 16:1903. [PMID: 38931258 PMCID: PMC11206900 DOI: 10.3390/nu16121903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
American football players consume large quantities of animal-sourced protein in adherence with traditional recommendations to maximize muscle development and athletic performance. This contrasts with dietary guidelines, which recommend reducing meat intake and increasing consumption of plant-based foods to promote health and reduce the risk of chronic disease. The capacity of completely plant-based diets to meet the nutritional needs of American football players has not been studied. This modeling study scaled dietary data from a large cohort following completely plant-based diets to meet the energy requirements of professional American football players to determine whether protein, leucine, and micronutrient needs for physical performance and health were met. The Cunningham equation was used to estimate calorie requirements. Nutrient intakes from the Adventist Health Study 2 were then scaled to this calorie level. Protein values ranged from 1.6-2.2 g/kg/day and leucine values ranged from 3.8-4.1 g/meal at each of four daily meals, therefore meeting and exceeding levels theorized to maximize muscle mass, muscle strength, and muscle protein synthesis, respectively. Plant-based diets scaled to meet the energy needs of professional American football players satisfied protein, leucine, and micronutrient requirements for muscle development and athletic performance. These findings suggest that completely plant-based diets could bridge the gap between dietary recommendations for chronic disease prevention and athletic performance in American football players.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M. Goldman
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Research and Development, Metabite Inc., New York, NY 10036, USA
| | - Cassandra B. Warbeck
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada;
| | - Micaela C. Karlsen
- Department of Research, American College of Lifestyle Medicine, Chesterfield, MO 63006, USA;
- Departments of Applied Nutrition and Global Public Health, Adjunct Faculty, University of New England, Biddeford, ME 04005, USA
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13
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McDermott BP, Zhao X, Veilleux JC. Association of Knowledge and Health Habits with Physiological Hydration Status. Nutrients 2024; 16:1541. [PMID: 38892475 PMCID: PMC11173776 DOI: 10.3390/nu16111541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The association of hydration knowledge and health habits with hydration status and fluid intake is rarely examined. We sought to determine whether knowledge or physical health behaviors predict physiological hydration status and fluid intake. Ninety-six participants (59 female; 27 ± 10 year) completed the previously validated hydration survey. Participants then recorded total fluids consumed (TFC), collected urine, and tracked void frequency for 24 h. Hydration status was assessed via 24 h urine specific gravity (USG) and osmolality (Uosm). Health behaviors included self-reported physical activity, BMI, smoking, alcoholic drinking, and sleep status. TFC was significantly correlated with 24 h USG (r = -0.390; p < 0.001), Uosm (r = -0.486; p < 0.001), total urine volume (r = 0.675; p < 0.001), and void frequency (r = 0.518; p < 0.001). Hydration knowledge was not correlated with 24 h USG (r = 0.085; p = 0.420), Uosm (r = 0.087; p = 0.419), urine total volume (r = 0.019; p = 0.857), void frequency (r = 0.030; p = 0.771), or TFC (r = 0.027; p = 0.813). Hydration knowledge did not predict 24 h USG (LR+ = 1.10; LR- = 0.90), Uosm (LR+ = 0.81; LR- = 1.35), or TFC (LR+ = 1.00; LR- = 1.00). Health habits did not predict 24 h USG, Uosm, or TFC. In conclusion, self-reported 24 h diet and fluid log recording is comparable to hydration status verification via 24 h urine collection. Hydration knowledge and health habits are not related to, or predictive of, hydration status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendon P. McDermott
- Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA;
| | - Xiujing Zhao
- Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA;
| | - Jennifer C. Veilleux
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
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14
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Li H, Early KS, Zhang G, Ma P, Wang H. Personalized Hydration Strategy to Improve Fluid Balance and Intermittent Exercise Performance in the Heat. Nutrients 2024; 16:1341. [PMID: 38732589 PMCID: PMC11085813 DOI: 10.3390/nu16091341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Sweat rate and electrolyte losses have a large inter-individual variability. A personalized approach to hydration can overcome this issue to meet an individual's needs. This study aimed to investigate the effects of a personalized hydration strategy (PHS) on fluid balance and intermittent exercise performance. Twelve participants conducted 11 laboratory visits including a VO2max test and two 5-day trial arms under normothermic (NOR) or hyperthermic (HYP) environmental conditions. Each arm began with three days of familiarization exercise followed by two random exercise trials with either a PHS or a control (CON). Then, participants crossed over to the second arm for: NOR+PHS, NOR+CON, HYP+PHS, or HYP+CON. The PHS was prescribed according to the participants' fluid and sweat sodium losses. CON drank ad libitum of commercially-available electrolyte solution. Exercise trials consisted of two phases: (1) 45 min constant workload; (2) high-intensity intermittent exercise (HIIT) until exhaustion. Fluids were only provided in phase 1. PHS had a significantly greater fluid intake (HYP+PHS: 831.7 ± 166.4 g; NOR+PHS: 734.2 ± 144.9 g) compared to CON (HYP+CON: 369.8 ± 221.7 g; NOR+CON: 272.3 ± 143.0 g), regardless of environmental conditions (p < 0.001). HYP+CON produced the lowest sweat sodium concentration (56.2 ± 9.0 mmol/L) compared to other trials (p < 0.001). HYP+PHS had a slower elevated thirst perception and a longer HIIT (765 ± 452 s) compared to HYP+CON (548 ± 283 s, p = 0.04). Thus, PHS reinforces fluid intake and successfully optimizes hydration status, regardless of environmental conditions. PHS may be or is an important factor in preventing negative physiological consequences during high-intensity exercise in the heat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haicheng Li
- College of Physical Education and Health Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China; (H.L.); (G.Z.); (P.M.)
| | - Kate S. Early
- Department of Kinesiology & Health Sciences, Columbus State University, Columbus, GA 31907, USA;
| | - Guangxia Zhang
- College of Physical Education and Health Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China; (H.L.); (G.Z.); (P.M.)
| | - Pengwei Ma
- College of Physical Education and Health Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China; (H.L.); (G.Z.); (P.M.)
| | - Haoyan Wang
- College of Physical Education and Health Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China; (H.L.); (G.Z.); (P.M.)
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15
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Herring SA, Kibler WB, Putukian M, Blauwet C, Boyajian-O'Neill LA, Boyd J, Franks RR, Indelicato PA, LeClere LE, Logan C, O'Connor FG, Matuszak J, Roberts WO, Sallis RE. Mass Participation and Tournament Event Management for the Team Physician: A Consensus Statement (2022 Update). Curr Sports Med Rep 2024; 23:143-158. [PMID: 38578492 DOI: 10.1249/jsr.0000000000001160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Mass participation events include endurance events (e.g., marathon, triathlon) and/or competitive tournaments (e.g., baseball, tennis, football (soccer) tournaments). Event management requires medical administrative and participant care planning. Medical management provides safety advice and care at the event that accounts for large numbers of participants, anticipated injury and illness, variable environment, repeated games or matches, and mixed age groups of varying athletic ability. This document does not pertain to the care of the spectator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanley A Herring
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - W Ben Kibler
- Lexington Clinic, Shoulder Center of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | | | - Cheri Blauwet
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - Joel Boyd
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN
| | - R Rob Franks
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Peter A Indelicato
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Lance E LeClere
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Catherine Logan
- Sports Medicine, Colorado Sports Medicine & Orthopaedics, Denver, CO
| | - Francis G O'Connor
- Department of Military and Emergency Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD
| | - Jason Matuszak
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Excelsior Orthopaedics, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY
| | - William O Roberts
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN
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16
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Herring SA, Kibler WB, Putukian M, Blauwet C, Boyajian-O'Neill LA, Boyd J, Franks RR, Indelicato PA, Leclere LE, Logan C, O'Connor FG, Matuszak J, Roberts WO, Sallis R. Mass Participation and Tournament Event Management for the Team Physician: A Consensus Statement (2022 Update). Med Sci Sports Exerc 2024; 56:575-589. [PMID: 38485729 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Mass participation events include endurance events (e.g., marathon, triathlon) and/or competitive tournaments (e.g., baseball, tennis, football (soccer) tournaments). Event management requires medical administrative and participant care planning. Medical management provides safety advice and care at the event that accounts for large numbers of participants, anticipated injury and illness, variable environment, repeated games or matches, and mixed age groups of varying athletic ability. This document does not pertain to the care of the spectator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanley A Herring
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - W Ben Kibler
- Lexington Clinic, Shoulder Center of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | | | - Cheri Blauwet
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - Joel Boyd
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN
| | - R Rob Franks
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Peter A Indelicato
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Lance E Leclere
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Catherine Logan
- Sports Medicine, Colorado Sports Medicine & Orthopaedics, Denver, CO
| | - Francis G O'Connor
- Department of Military and Emergency Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD
| | - Jason Matuszak
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Excelsior Orthopaedics, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY
| | - William O Roberts
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN
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17
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Goods PSR, Wall B, Galna B, McKay AKA, Jennings D, Peeling P, Watson G. Sweat Characteristics and Fluid Balance Responses During Two Heat Training Camps in Elite Female Field Hockey Players. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2024; 34:79-87. [PMID: 38215732 DOI: 10.1123/ijsnem.2023-0159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
We examined the sweat characteristics and fluid balance of elite female field hockey players during two heat training camps. Fourteen elite female field hockey players from the Australian national squad participated in two heat training camps held ∼6 months apart, following winter- (Camp 1) and summer-based training (Camp 2). Daily waking body mass (BM) and urine specific gravity (USG) were collected, along with several markers of sweat and fluid balance across two matches per camp. There was a 19% mean reduction in estimated whole-body sweat sodium concentration from Camp 1 (45.8 ± 6.5 mmol/L) to Camp 2 (37.0 ± 5.0 mmol/L; p < .001). Waking urine specific gravity ≥ 1.020 was observed in 31% of samples, with no significant differences in mean urine specific gravity or BM between camps (p > .05), but with substantial interindividual variation. Intramatch sweat rates were high (1.2-1.8 L/hr), with greater BM losses in Camp 1 (p = .030), resulting in fewer players losing ≥2% BM in Camp 2 (0%-8%), as compared with Camp 1 (36%-43%; p = .017). Our field data suggest that elite female field hockey players experience substantial sweat losses during competition in the heat regardless of the season. In agreement with previous findings, we observed substantial interindividual variation in sweat and hydration indices, supporting the use of individualized athlete hydration strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul S R Goods
- School of Allied Health (Exercise Science), Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
- Center for Healthy Aging, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Western Australian Institute of Sport, Mt Claremont, WA, Australia
| | - Bradley Wall
- School of Allied Health (Exercise Science), Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
- Center for Healthy Aging, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Brook Galna
- School of Allied Health (Exercise Science), Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
- Center for Healthy Aging, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Alannah K A McKay
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Denise Jennings
- High Performance Program, Hockey Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Peter Peeling
- Western Australian Institute of Sport, Mt Claremont, WA, Australia
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Greig Watson
- School of Allied Health (Exercise Science), Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
- Center for Healthy Aging, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
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18
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Deng M, Li X, Song K, Yang H, Wei W, Duan X, Ouyang X, Cheng H, Wang X. Skin-Interfaced Bifluidic Paper-Based Device for Quantitative Sweat Analysis. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2306023. [PMID: 38133495 PMCID: PMC10933605 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The erratic, intermittent, and unpredictable nature of sweat production, resulting from physiological or psychological fluctuations, poses intricacies to consistently and accurately sample and evaluate sweat biomarkers. Skin-interfaced microfluidic devices that rely on colorimetric mechanisms for semi-quantitative detection are particularly susceptible to these inaccuracies due to variations in sweat secretion rate or instantaneous volume. This work introduces a skin-interfaced colorimetric bifluidic sweat device with two synchronous channels to quantify sweat rate and biomarkers in real-time, even during uncertain sweat activities. In the proposed bifluidic-distance metric approach, with one channel to measure sweat rate and quantify collected sweat volume, the other channel can provide an accurate analysis of the biomarkers based on the collected sweat volume. The closed channel design also reduces evaporation and resists contamination from the external environment. The feasibility of the device is highlighted in a proof-of-the-concept demonstration to analyze sweat chloride for evaluating hydration status and sweat glucose for assessing glucose levels. The low-cost yet highly accurate device provides opportunities for clinical sweat analysis and disease screening in remote and low-resource settings. The developed device platform can be facilely adapted for the other biomarkers when corresponding colorimetric reagents are exploited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhan Deng
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringXiangtan UniversityXiangtanHunan411105China
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringXiangtan UniversityXiangtanHunan411105China
| | - Kui Song
- Department of Engineering Science and MechanicsXiangtan UniversityXiangtanHunan411105China
| | - Hanlin Yang
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringXiangtan UniversityXiangtanHunan411105China
| | - Wenkui Wei
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringXiangtan UniversityXiangtanHunan411105China
| | - Xiaojun Duan
- Hunan Provincial Children's HospitalChangshaHunan410000China
| | - Xiaoping Ouyang
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringXiangtan UniversityXiangtanHunan411105China
| | - Huanyu Cheng
- Department of Engineering Science and MechanicsThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA16802USA
| | - Xiufeng Wang
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringXiangtan UniversityXiangtanHunan411105China
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19
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Chapman CL, Holt SM, O'Connell CT, Brazelton SC, Medved HN, Howells WAB, Reed EL, Needham KW, Halliwill JR, Minson CT. Hypohydration attenuates increases in creatinine clearance to oral protein loading and the renal hemodynamic response to exercise pressor reflex. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2024; 136:492-508. [PMID: 38205553 PMCID: PMC11212816 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00728.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Insufficient hydration is prevalent among free living adults. This study investigated whether hypohydration alters 1) renal functional reserve, 2) the renal hemodynamic response to the exercise pressor reflex, and 3) urine-concentrating ability during oral protein loading. In a block-randomized crossover design, 22 healthy young adults (11 females and 11 males) underwent 24-h fluid deprivation (Hypohydrated) or 24-h normal fluid consumption (Euhydrated). Renal functional reserve was assessed by oral protein loading. Renal hemodynamics during the exercise pressor reflex were assessed via Doppler ultrasound. Urine-concentrating ability was assessed via free water clearance. Creatinine clearance did not differ at 150 min postprotein consumption between conditions [Hypohydrated: 246 mL/min, 95% confidence interval (CI): 212-280; Euhydrated: 231 mL/min, 95% CI: 196-265, P = 0.2691] despite an elevated baseline in Hypohydrated (261 mL/min, 95% CI: 218-303 vs. 143 mL/min, 95% CI: 118-168, P < 0.0001). Renal artery vascular resistance was not different at baseline (P = 0.9290), but increases were attenuated in Hypohydrated versus Euhydrated at the end of handgrip (0.5 mmHg/cm/s, 95% CI: 0.4-0.7 vs. 0.8 mmHg/cm/s 95% CI: 0.6-1.1, P = 0.0203) and end occlusion (0.2 mmHg/cm/s, 95% CI: 0.1-0.3 vs. 0.4 mmHg/cm/s 95% CI: 0.3-0.6, P = 0.0127). There were no differences between conditions in free water clearance at 150 min postprotein (P = 0.3489). These data indicate that hypohydration 1) engages renal functional reserve and attenuates the ability to further increase creatinine clearance, 2) attenuates increases in renal artery vascular resistance to the exercise pressor reflex, and 3) does not further enhance nor impair urine-concentrating ability during oral protein loading.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Insufficient hydration is prevalent among free living adults. This study found that hypohydration induced by 24-h fluid deprivation engaged renal functional reserve and that oral protein loading did not further increase creatinine clearance. Hypohydration also attenuated the ability to increase renal vascular resistance during the exercise pressor reflex. In addition, hypohydration neither enhanced nor impaired urine-concentrating ability during oral protein loading. These data support the importance of mitigating hypohydration in free living adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher L Chapman
- Bowerman Sports Science Center, Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States
| | - Sadie M Holt
- Bowerman Sports Science Center, Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States
| | - Cameron T O'Connell
- Bowerman Sports Science Center, Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States
| | - Shaun C Brazelton
- Bowerman Sports Science Center, Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States
| | - Hannah N Medved
- Bowerman Sports Science Center, Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States
| | - William A B Howells
- Bowerman Sports Science Center, Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States
| | - Emma L Reed
- Bowerman Sports Science Center, Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States
| | - Karen Wiedenfeld Needham
- Bowerman Sports Science Center, Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States
| | - John R Halliwill
- Bowerman Sports Science Center, Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States
| | - Christopher T Minson
- Bowerman Sports Science Center, Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States
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20
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Pałka T, Rydzik Ł, Koteja PM, Piotrowska A, Bagińska M, Ambroży T, Angelova-Igova B, Javdaneh N, Wiecha S, Filip-Stachnik A, Tota Ł. Effect of Various Hydration Strategies on Work Intensity and Selected Physiological Indices in Young Male Athletes during Prolonged Physical Exercise at High Ambient Temperatures. J Clin Med 2024; 13:982. [PMID: 38398295 PMCID: PMC10888716 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13040982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: In high temperatures, adequate hydration is vital for sustained physical exercise. This study explores the effect of three hydration strategies on physiological indices and work intensity. Methods: The research involved 12 healthy males who engaged in three test series, each separated by a one-week interval. During the trials, participants underwent a 120 min cycling session in a thermal climate chamber (temperature: 31 ± 2 °C, humidity: 60 ± 3%, air movement: <1 m/s). Measurements of rectal temperature (Tre) and heart rate (HR), and assessment of subjective workload perception, and thermal comfort were made both before and during the exercise. The computation of the physical strain index (PSI) relied on Tre and HR values. Three hydration strategies (isotonic drink, water, and no hydration) were administered before, during, and after the exercise. Results: Regardless of the hydration strategy, the participants' mean body mass decreased as a result of the exercise. Statistically significant differences in HR were observed between the no-hydration and water groups (p < 0.036). The mean PSI values significantly varied between hydration strategies, with the no hydration group exhibiting a higher PSI compared to the isotonic drink or water groups (p < 0.001). Conclusions: All hydration strategies contribute to thermoregulatory processes and mitigate the rise in internal body temperature during sustained physical exercise in elevated ambient temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Pałka
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University of Physical Education, 31-571 Kraków, Poland; (T.P.); (Ł.T.)
| | - Łukasz Rydzik
- Institute of Sports Sciences, University of Physical Education, 31-571 Kraków, Poland; (P.M.K.); (T.A.)
| | - Piotr Michał Koteja
- Institute of Sports Sciences, University of Physical Education, 31-571 Kraków, Poland; (P.M.K.); (T.A.)
| | - Anna Piotrowska
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Physiotherapy, University of Physical Education, 31-571 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Małgorzata Bagińska
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Physical Education, 31-571 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Tadeusz Ambroży
- Institute of Sports Sciences, University of Physical Education, 31-571 Kraków, Poland; (P.M.K.); (T.A.)
| | - Boryana Angelova-Igova
- National Sports Academy Vassil Levski, Philosophy and Sociology of Sport, 1700 Sophia, Bulgaria;
| | - Norollah Javdaneh
- Department of Biomechanics and Sports Injuries, Kharazmi University of Tehran, Tehran 14911-15719, Iran;
| | - Szczepan Wiecha
- Department of Physical Education and Health in Biala Podlaska, Faculty in Biala Podlaska, Jozef Pilsudski University of Physical Education, 00-968 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Filip-Stachnik
- Department of Sports Medicine and Human Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Physical Education, 31-571 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Łukasz Tota
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University of Physical Education, 31-571 Kraków, Poland; (T.P.); (Ł.T.)
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21
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Silvino VO, Batista MCC, Neto MM, Ribeiro ALB, Nascimento PPD, Barros EML, Moura RCD, Sales KCG, Galvão LMV, Nunes LCC, Durazzo A, Silva AS, Pereira dos Santos MA. Effect of a cajuína hydroelectrolytic drink on the physical performance and hydration status of recreational runners. Curr Res Physiol 2024; 7:100119. [PMID: 38357495 PMCID: PMC10864873 DOI: 10.1016/j.crphys.2024.100119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Cajuína is a processed drink derived from cashew and is widely consumed in the northeast region of Brazil. This study evaluated the effect of a cajuína-based hydroelectrolytic drink on the aerobic performance and hydration status of recreational runners. Seventeen males (31.9 ± 1.6 years, 51.0 ± 1.4 ml/kg/min) performed three time-to-exhaustion running sessions on a treadmill at 70% VO2max, ingesting cajuína hydroelectrolytic drink (CJ), high carbohydrate commercial hydroelectrolytic drink (CH) and mineral water (W) every 15 min during the running test. The participants ran 80.3 ± 8.4 min in CJ, 70.3 ± 6.8 min in CH and 71.8 ± 6.9 min in W, with no statistical difference between procedures. Nevertheless, an effect size of η2 = 0.10 (moderate) was observed. No statistical difference was observed in the concentrations of sodium, potassium, and osmolality in both serum and urine between the three conditions. However, the effect size was moderate (urine sodium) and high (serum sodium, potassium, and osmolality). Urine specific gravity, sweating rate and heart rate were not significantly different between drinks. The cajuína-based hydroelectrolytic drink promotes similar effects compared to commercial hydroelectrolytic drink and water, considering specific urine gravity, heart rate, sweating, and time to exhaustion in recreational runners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valmir Oliveira Silvino
- Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
- Rede Nordeste de Biotecnologia (RENORBIO), Federal University of Piaui, Teresina, Brazil
- Nucleus of Study in Physiology Applied to Performance and Health (NEFADS), Brazil
| | | | - Manoel Miranda Neto
- Post Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | | | | | - Esmeralda Maria Lustosa Barros
- Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
- Rede Nordeste de Biotecnologia (RENORBIO), Federal University of Piaui, Teresina, Brazil
| | | | | | - Luanne Morais Vieira Galvão
- Rede Nordeste de Biotecnologia (RENORBIO), Federal University of Piaui, Teresina, Brazil
- Department of Technology in Gastronomy, Federal Institute of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | - Lívio César Cunha Nunes
- Rede Nordeste de Biotecnologia (RENORBIO), Federal University of Piaui, Teresina, Brazil
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Durazzo
- CREA-Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Via Ardeatina, 546, 00178, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Marcos Antonio Pereira dos Santos
- Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
- Rede Nordeste de Biotecnologia (RENORBIO), Federal University of Piaui, Teresina, Brazil
- Nucleus of Study in Physiology Applied to Performance and Health (NEFADS), Brazil
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22
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Jayawardena R, Weerasinghe K, Madhujith T, Hills AP, Kalupahana N. Perceptions of the importance of sports nutrition knowledge and barriers in implementing them: a qualitative study among track and field stakeholders in Sri Lanka. BMC Nutr 2024; 10:17. [PMID: 38263161 PMCID: PMC10804860 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-023-00817-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Integrating the core aspects of sports nutrition knowledge [SNK] into the multidisciplinary team is critical to improving an athlete's performance and well-being. Conducting in-depth interviews with members of the sports-related team is a comprehensive method of gathering information on various aspects of SNK. This qualitative study aimed to examine the opinions and beliefs of stakeholders in athletics regarding the importance of SNK. METHODS Fifteen professional track and field athletes and stakeholders were recruited into the study. Separate in-depth interviews were conducted to collect information within four key themes. Practical difficulties in getting an appropriate meal were included in an additional theme. Thematic analysis was performed using NVIVO v10.0. RESULTS All participants were mindful of the importance of proper food habits for overall athletic outcomes and reported different opinions on meal timing and composition. The opinions on supplements were heterogeneous and both positive and negative claims were reported. Beliefs regarding hydration demonstrated that the cohort was well aware of the significance of adequate hydration plus the signs and consequences of dehydration with many reporting experiences of the negative consequences of dehydration. All respondents reported that both alcohol and smoking may have an adverse impact on performance and health. CONCLUSIONS All respondents emphasized the importance of proper food habits for sports performance and well-being, but also identified barriers to optimizing nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranil Jayawardena
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka.
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka.
| | - Kalani Weerasinghe
- Health and Wellness Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Terrence Madhujith
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Andrew P Hills
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Newnham Drive, Launceston, TAS, Australia
| | - Nishan Kalupahana
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
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23
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Yang H, Ding H, Wei W, Li X, Duan X, Zhuang C, Liu W, Chen S, Wang X. Skin-interfaced microfluidic sweat collection devices for personalized hydration management through thermal feedback. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:356-366. [PMID: 38108440 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00791j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Non-electronic wearables that utilize skin-interfaced microfluidic technology have revolutionized the collection and analysis of human sweat, providing valuable biochemical information and indicating body hydration status. However, existing microfluidic devices often require constant monitoring of data during sweat assessment, thereby impeding the user experience and potentially missing anomalous physiological events, such as excessive sweating. Moreover, the complex manufacturing process hampers the scalability and large-scale production of such devices. Herein, we present a self-feedback microfluidic device with a unique dehydration reminder through a cost-effective "CAD-to-3D device" approach. It incorporates two independent systems for sweat collection and thermal feedback, including serpentine microchannels, reservoirs, petal-like bursting valves and heating chambers. The device operates by sequentially collecting sweat in the channels and reservoirs, and then activating thermal stimulators in the heating chambers through breaking the valves, initiating a chemical exothermic reaction. Human trials validate that the devices effectively alert users to potential dehydration by inducing skin thermal sensations triggered by sweat sampling. The proposed device offers facile scalability and customizable fabrication, and holds promise for managing hydration strategies in real-world scenarios, benefiting individuals engaged in sporting activities or exposed to high-temperature settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanlin Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, China.
| | - Hongyan Ding
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, China.
| | - Wenkui Wei
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, China.
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, China.
| | - Xiaojun Duan
- Respiratory medicine department, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410007, China
| | - Changgen Zhuang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, China.
| | - Weiyi Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, China.
| | - Shangda Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, China.
| | - Xiufeng Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, China.
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24
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Gordon RE, Scrooby B, Havemann-Nel L. Physiological and nutrition-related challenges as perceived by spinal cord-injured endurance hand cyclists. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2024; 49:22-29. [PMID: 37793190 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2023-0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
This study explored the perceptions of spinal cord-injured (SCI) endurance hand cyclists regarding their physiological and nutrition-related challenges and the perceived impact of these challenges on nutritional intake and exercise capacity. This was an interpretive qualitative descriptive study in which semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 adult South African national-level SCI endurance hand cyclists. Thematic analysis was used to explore perceptions regarding physiological and nutrition-related challenges and the impact thereof on nutritional practices and exercise capacity. Four themes emerged from the interviews: (i) physiological challenges experienced, (ii) nutrition-related challenges experienced, (iii) changes in nutritional practices, and (iv) compromised exercise capacity. The SCI endurance hand cyclists reported a number of physiological and nutrition-related challenges. Bowel and bladder challenges, limited hand function, muscle spasms, thermoregulatory challenges, pressure sores, menstrual periods, and low iron levels/anaemia were perceived to predominantly impact food and fluid intake (restrict intake) and compromise exercise capacity. This information can assist to devise tailored guidelines aimed to optimise fluid intake, overcome bladder challenges and ensure adequate nutritional intake in light of limited hand function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reno Eron Gordon
- Department of Human Nutrition & DieteticsSchool of Health Care Sciences, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Ga-Rankuwa 0204, South Africa
- Centre of Excellence for Nutrition (CEN), North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - Belinda Scrooby
- School of Nursing Science, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - Lize Havemann-Nel
- Centre of Excellence for Nutrition (CEN), North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
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25
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Ashley CD, Lopez RM, Tritsch AJ. Football Practices in Hot Environments Impact Subsequent Days' Hydration. J Strength Cond Res 2024; 38:90-96. [PMID: 37815236 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000004583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Ashley, CD, Lopez, RM, and Tritsch, AJ. Football practices in hot environments impact subsequent days' hydration. J Strength Cond Res 38(1): 90-96, 2024-The impact of proper hydration to prevent exertional heat illness in American football has not been evaluated during high school preseason football practices in a hot environment (wet-bulb globe temperature = 31.3 ± 1.8° C). The purposes of this study were to examine the accuracy of urinary hydration measures to assess body mass (BM) changes and to examine carryover effects of consecutive practices by comparing postpractice with the next prepractice values. Before and after each of 7 outdoor practices, 31 male high school football players (age = 16 ± 1 years, height = 181.2 ± 12.0 cm, BM = 85.7 ± 19.1 kg, body mass index = 20.8 ± 1.8) provided a urine sample and were weighed to assess hydration. Sensitivity and specificity of urine color (Ucol) and urine-specific gravity (USG) to determine BM changes were determined using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Paired samples t -tests assessed carryover effects between practices. Repeated-measures analysis of variance assessed carryover effects across practices. Significance was set at p < 0.05. Sensitivity and specificity for using Ucol or USG to determine BM changes was not significant. For Ucol, there was a carryover effect from practice numbers 2 to 3, 6 to 7 am , 7 am to 7 pm ( p < 0.001 for all), and 10 to 11 ( p = 0.004); most with less than 24 hours between practices. The %BM loss (%BML) was significantly greater ( p = 0.001 to 0.024) after 2-a-day practices. Effects of previous days' exercise in the heat, as evidenced by higher Ucol and %BL, are greater after 2-a-day practices, which occurred on later practice days. Athletes must replenish fluids during and between practices to remain euhydrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candi D Ashley
- Department of Educational and Psychological Studies, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida; and
| | - Rebecca M Lopez
- School of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Amanda J Tritsch
- School of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
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26
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Pérez-Castillo ÍM, Williams JA, López-Chicharro J, Mihic N, Rueda R, Bouzamondo H, Horswill CA. Compositional Aspects of Beverages Designed to Promote Hydration Before, During, and After Exercise: Concepts Revisited. Nutrients 2023; 16:17. [PMID: 38201848 PMCID: PMC10781183 DOI: 10.3390/nu16010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypohydration can impair aerobic performance and deteriorate cognitive function during exercise. To minimize hypohydration, athletes are recommended to commence exercise at least euhydrated, ingest fluids containing sodium during long-duration and/or high-intensity exercise to prevent body mass loss over 2% and maintain elevated plasma osmolality, and rapidly restore and retain fluid and electrolyte homeostasis before a second exercise session. To achieve these goals, the compositions of the fluids consumed are key; however, it remains unclear what can be considered an optimal formulation for a hydration beverage in different settings. While carbohydrate-electrolyte solutions such as sports drinks have been extensively explored as a source of carbohydrates to meet fuel demands during intense and long-duration exercise, these formulas might not be ideal in situations where fluid and electrolyte balance is impaired, such as practicing exercise in the heat. Alternately, hypotonic compositions consisting of moderate to high levels of electrolytes (i.e., ≥45 mmol/L), mainly sodium, combined with low amounts of carbohydrates (i.e., <6%) might be useful to accelerate intestinal water absorption, maintain plasma volume and osmolality during exercise, and improve fluid retention during recovery. Future studies should compare hypotonic formulas and sports drinks in different exercise settings, evaluating different levels of sodium and/or other electrolytes, blends of carbohydrates, and novel ingredients for addressing hydration and rehydration before, during, and after exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Niko Mihic
- Real Madrid, Medical Services, 28055 Madrid, Spain; (J.L.-C.); (N.M.)
| | | | | | - Craig A. Horswill
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60608, USA;
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27
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Agostinelli PJ, Linder BA, Frick KA, Bordonie NC, Neal FK, Sefton JM. Validity of heart rate derived core temperature estimation during simulated firefighting tasks. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22503. [PMID: 38110650 PMCID: PMC10728086 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49929-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Rectal core temperature monitoring can help fire services mitigate heat injury but can be invasive and impractical. EQ02 + LifeMonitor provides a non-invasive estimation of core temperature. Therefore, the primary purpose of this study was to determine the validity of the EQ02 + LifeMonitor compared to the gold standard rectal thermometer core temperature assessment, as well as the potential influence of turnout gear on the estimated and physiological strain experienced during these activities. Thirteen participants completed simulated firefighting tasks with and without turnout gear, involving four rounds of a 5-min walk on a treadmill at 2.8 mph/2.5% grade and 20 deadlifts over 5 min in an environmental chamber set to 40.6 °C; 50% humidity. During each trial participants wore both an EQ02 + LifeMonitor and DataTherm II rectal thermometer. The results from the devices were statistically equivalent (p < 0.001), yet there was a statistically significant difference in the value (~ 0.1 °C; p < 0.001). There was a significant effect of devices [p < 0.001] and time [p < 0.001], but no interaction effect [p = 0.70] on core temperature drift. Estimated core temperature was marginally different from that measured via the DataTherm II. The EQ02 on average overestimated core temperature. Heart rate, rating of perceived exertion, and area under the curve of core temperature were significantly elevated due to turnout gear [ps < 0.025], but not core temperature skin temperature, or ventilatory rate [ps > 0.372]. These results suggest the EQ02 + LifeMonitor may be a viable, non-invasive alternative for assessing core temperature compared to rectal temperature monitoring, especially during rigorous, intermittent activities. Turnout gear does however increase heart rate, cumulative core temperature, and perceived exertion. Additionally, the validity of the estimated core temperature is not impacted by the use turnout gear. This is likely due to significant changes in heart rate, which allowed the heart-rate derived estimate of core temperature to remain consistent with changes in DataTherm II rectal temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip J Agostinelli
- Warrior Research Center, School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, 301 Wire Road, Auburn, AL, 38632, USA
| | - Braxton A Linder
- Neurovascular Physiology Lab, School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, 301 Wire Road, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Katherine A Frick
- Warrior Research Center, School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, 301 Wire Road, Auburn, AL, 38632, USA
| | - Nicholas C Bordonie
- Warrior Research Center, School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, 301 Wire Road, Auburn, AL, 38632, USA
| | - Frances K Neal
- Warrior Research Center, School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, 301 Wire Road, Auburn, AL, 38632, USA
| | - JoEllen M Sefton
- Warrior Research Center, School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, 301 Wire Road, Auburn, AL, 38632, USA.
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28
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Carr AJ, McKay AKA, Burke LM, Smith ES, Urwin CS, Convit L, Jardine WT, Kelly MK, Saunders B. Use of Buffers in Specific Contexts: Highly Trained Female Athletes, Extreme Environments and Combined Buffering Agents-A Narrative Review. Sports Med 2023; 53:25-48. [PMID: 37878211 PMCID: PMC10721675 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-023-01872-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
This narrative review evaluated the evidence for buffering agents (sodium bicarbonate, sodium citrate and beta-alanine), with specific consideration of three discrete scenarios: female athletes, extreme environments and combined buffering agents. Studies were screened according to exclusion and inclusion criteria and were analysed on three levels: (1) moderating variables (supplement dose and timing, and exercise test duration and intensity), (2) design factors (e.g., use of crossover or matched group study design, familiarisation trials) and (3) athlete-specific factors (recruitment of highly trained participants, buffering capacity and reported performance improvements). Only 19% of the included studies for the three buffering agents reported a performance benefit, and only 10% recruited highly trained athletes. This low transferability of research findings to athletes' real-world practices may be due to factors including the small number of sodium citrate studies in females (n = 2), no studies controlling for the menstrual cycle (MC) or menstrual status using methods described in recently established frameworks, and the limited number of beta-alanine studies using performance tests replicating real-world performance efforts (n = 3). We recommend further research into buffering agents in highly trained female athletes that control or account for the MC, studies that replicate the demands of athletes' heat and altitude camps, and investigations of highly trained athletes' use of combined buffering agents. In a practical context, we recommend developing evidence-based buffering protocols for individual athletes which feature co-supplementation with other evidence-based products, reduce the likelihood of side-effects, and optimise key moderating factors: supplement dose and timing, and exercise duration and intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia J Carr
- Centre for Sport Research, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC, 3125, Australia.
| | - Alannah K A McKay
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Louise M Burke
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ella S Smith
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Charles S Urwin
- Centre for Sport Research, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC, 3125, Australia
| | - Lilia Convit
- Centre for Sport Research, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC, 3125, Australia
| | - William T Jardine
- Centre for Sport Research, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC, 3125, Australia
| | - Monica K Kelly
- Centre for Sport Research, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC, 3125, Australia
| | - Bryan Saunders
- Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group, Rheumatology Division, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, School of Physical Education and Sport, Universidade de São Paulo, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine FMUSP, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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29
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Duarte Junior MA, Enriquez-Martinez OG, Brisola KM, Oliveira J, Molina MDCB, Trakman GL, de Mello MT, Longhi R. Nutritional intake in high-performance para athletes. Nutrition 2023; 116:112168. [PMID: 37562185 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2023.112168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to describe the eating habits of para-athletes who attended a specialized training center in Brazil. METHODS Participants were recruited from the Sports Training Center at the Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil. Energy, macronutrient (expressed in absolute terms and relative to body weight), fiber, cholesterol, and micronutrient intakes were assessed via a food frequency questionnaire, based on intakes over the preceding 12 mo. Sociodemographic factors were assessed using a purpose-designed survey, which included self-reported weight and height. Differences in nutrient intake based on sex, age, body mass index, and sporting factors were evaluated. RESULTS A total of 30 para-athletes (in para athletics, para-powerlifting, para-swimming, and para-taekwondo) were included in the study. The median total energy intake was 4089 (2855-5829) kcal. The median consumption of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats was 512.3 (358.7-853.5), 184.5 (118.5-246.4), and 137.1 (96.8-189.5) g/d, respectively. Adolescent athletes had higher protein intakes than adult athletes (P = 0.02). Para-athletes with a longer sports career had lower consumption of fiber (P = 0.01) and thiamine (P = 0.02). Participants with a higher body mass index had higher intake of alcohol (P = 0.04) and monounsaturated fats (P = 0.01). Higher consumption of alcohol was also reported by older para-athletes (P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS We identified a higher saturated fat intake in male than in female para-athletes as well as higher protein intake (g/kg) in younger compared with older athletes. In addition, sociodemographic characteristics influenced the dietary intake of some para-athletes, such as length of sports career, age, and income.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Angelo Duarte Junior
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Kênia Mara Brisola
- Department of Nutrition, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Jessé Oliveira
- Department of Nutrition, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Gina Louise Trakman
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Marco Tulio de Mello
- Center of Psychobiology and Exercise Studies, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rafael Longhi
- Department of Nutrition, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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30
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McDermott BP, Atkins WC. Response on: Whole-body cooling effectiveness of cold intravenous saline following exercise hyperthermia. Am J Emerg Med 2023; 74:165-166. [PMID: 37793950 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2023.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Brendon P McDermott
- Exercise Science Research Center, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States of America.
| | - Whitley C Atkins
- Exercise Science Research Center, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States of America; Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital, Dallas, TX, United States of America.
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31
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Masoud AA, Alansare AB, Finch AE. Physiological effects of exercise in heat while wearing a polyester versus cotton T-shirt in physically active men with obesity: a pilot study. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2023; 63:1358-1365. [PMID: 37721720 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.23.15164-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity may impair evaporation especially during exercising in heat. Polyester sportwear is proposed to improve the evaporation but its effectiveness remains overlooked. We investigated physiological effects of exercise in heat while wearing a polyester versus cotton T-shirt on thermoregulation, perspiration, and cardiovascular regulations. METHODS Physically active men with obesity (N.=7; 21.7±1.7 years old; VO2peak 36.8±8.7 mL/kg/min; body fat percentage 34.7±4.3%) performed two randomized, crossover walking sessions for 30 mins (27 °C; 12% relative humidity) while wearing a polyester or cotton T-shirt, separated by a 7-day wash out period. Thermoregulation was assessed by measuring tympanic, torso (back and chest), and peripheral (forehead and forearm) skin temperatures. Perspiration rate was estimated as the difference in body weight (pre minus post walking). Heart rate was measured by a Polar heart rate monitor. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure were measured by a sphygmomanometer. All measurements were performed pre, during, and post each session. Two-way ANOVA examined main effects of time, fabric type, and their interactions on the study's outcomes. RESULTS Back and chest temperatures increased (∆=1.6 °C and 0.9 °C, respectively) while forehead and forearm temperatures decreased (∆=-0.5 °C and -1.6 °C, respectively) over time (P<0.05 for all). Only forehead temperature had an interaction effect for time by fabric type where greater decrease was observed during the polyester T-shirt session compared to the cotton T-shirt session (∆=-0.1 vs. -0.8 °C; P=0.016). Heart rate (∆=27.8 beat/min) and systolic blood pressure (∆=7.5 mmHg) increased while diastolic blood pressure (∆=-5.0 mmHg) decreased over time (P<0.05 for all). No difference observed for perspiratory rate (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS The current findings do not support the superiority of polyester or cotton sportwear for better thermoregulatory, perspiratory, and cardiovascular regulations in physically active men with obesity. Future research should examine the effectiveness of other alternative fabrics of sportwear for better physiological responses when exercising in the heat, particularly in adults with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulaziz A Masoud
- Department of Physical Education, College of Education, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
- University of New Mexico, Department of Health Exercise and Sport Sciences, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Abdullah B Alansare
- Department of Exercise Physiology, College of Sport Sciences and Physical Activity, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia -
| | - Alfred E Finch
- Department of Kinesiology, Recreation, and Sport, College of Health and Human Services, Indiana State University, Terre Haute, IN, USA
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32
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Campa F. Hydration and Body Composition in Sports Practice: An Editorial. Nutrients 2023; 15:4814. [PMID: 38004207 PMCID: PMC10675179 DOI: 10.3390/nu15224814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Assessing hydration status and monitoring body composition represent crucial aspects when discussing the advantages of embracing a healthy lifestyle, given its significant impact on both health and sports performance [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Campa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, 35131 Padova, Italy
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33
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Ly NQ, Hamstra-Wright KL, Horswill CA. Post-Exercise Rehydration in Athletes: Effects of Sodium and Carbohydrate in Commercial Hydration Beverages. Nutrients 2023; 15:4759. [PMID: 38004153 PMCID: PMC10674530 DOI: 10.3390/nu15224759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of varying sodium (Na) and carbohydrate (CHO) in oral rehydration solutions (ORS) and sports drinks (SD) for rehydration following exercise are unclear. We compared an ORS and SD for the percent of fluid retained (%FR) following exercise-induced dehydration and hypothesized a more complete rehydration for the ORS (45 mmol Na/L and 2.5% CHO) and that the %FR for the ORS and SD (18 mmol Na/L and 6% CHO) would exceed the water placebo (W). A placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind clinical trial was conducted. To induce 2.6% body mass loss (BML, p > 0.05 between treatments), 26 athletes performed three 90 min interval training sessions without drinking fluids. Post-exercise, participants replaced 100% of BML and were observed for 3.5 h for the %FR. Mean ± SD for the %FR at 3.5 h was 58.1 ± 12.6% (W), 73.9 ± 10.9% (SD), and 76.9 ± 8.0% (ORS). The %FR for the ORS and SD were similar and greater than the W (p < 0.05 ANOVA and Tukey HSD). Two-way ANOVA revealed a significant interaction with the ORS having greater suppression of urine production in the first 60 min vs. W (SD did not differ from W). By 3.5 h, the ORS and SD promoted greater rehydration than did W, but the pattern of rehydration early in recovery favored the ORS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nhu Q. Ly
- Independent Researcher, Charlotte, NC 28278, USA;
| | - Karrie L. Hamstra-Wright
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60608, USA;
| | - Craig A. Horswill
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60608, USA;
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34
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Gopathi P, Tiwari KH, Kalpana K. The Effects of Pre-Exercise Ice-Slurry Ingestion on Thermoregulation and Exercise Performance of Highly Trained Athletes: A Scoping Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXERCISE SCIENCE 2023; 16:1398-1412. [PMID: 38288403 PMCID: PMC10824289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Ice-slurry prepared from plain ice, crushed ice, or sports drink has been used as a cooling strategy before exercise to regulate body temperature and improve exercise performance. However, consensus regarding the benefit is unclear. Therefore, the present review aimed to study the effects of pre-exercise ice-slurry ingestion on thermoregulation and exercise performance of highly trained athletes. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) checklist was used. The data extraction was done using the search engine Google Scholar, and digital repositories such as Cochrane, Scopus, Medline, Ebsco, Proquest and Pubmed. The keywords 'Pre-cooling', 'Ice-slurry', 'Ice Slush' 'Thermoregulation' 'Heat Loss' 'Heat Stress' 'Body Temperature' 'Athletes', 'Sports Persons' 'Exercise Performance' were used. Among the identified records (n = 151), 11 articles which met the inclusion criteria were examined. Out of the eleven studies, six studies reported a significant decrease in core/rectal/GI/skin/body temperature, and six studies reported a significant increase, or positive influence on exercise performance, and three studies both on thermoregulation and exercise performance. Ingestion of pre-exercise ice-slurry (30 min BE; -1°C to +1°C) in the dosage range of 7-14g/kg/BM has a significant beneficial effect on thermoregulation and exercise performance. Ice-slurry prepared from plain crushed ice, or sports drink, or carbohydrate and electrolyte drinks may have a similar effect on thermoregulation and exercise performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranitha Gopathi
- MYAS-NIN Dept. of Sports Science, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition India
| | | | - Kommi Kalpana
- Dept. of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Allied Health Sciences, Manav Rachna International Institute of Research and Studies, Delhi-NCR, India
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Porto AA, Benjamim CJR, da Silva Sobrinho AC, Gomes RL, Gonzaga LA, da Silva Rodrigues G, Vanderlei LCM, Garner DM, Valenti VE. Influence of Fluid Ingestion on Heart Rate, Cardiac Autonomic Modulation and Blood Pressure in Response to Physical Exercise: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression. Nutrients 2023; 15:4534. [PMID: 37960187 PMCID: PMC10650885 DOI: 10.3390/nu15214534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A systematic review was undertaken to investigate the involvement of hydration in heart rate (HR), HR variability (HRV) and diastolic (DBP) and systolic (SBP) blood pressure in response to exercise. Data synthesis: The EMBASE, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, LILACS and Web of Science databases were searched. In total, 977 studies were recognized, but only 36 were included after final screening (33 studies in meta-analysis). This study includes randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non-RCTs with subjects > 18 years old. The hydration group consumed water or isotonic drinks, while the control group did not ingest liquids. For the hydration protocol (before, during and after exercise), the HR values during the exercise were lower compared to the controls (-6.20 bpm, 95%CI: -8.69; -3.71). In the subgroup analysis, "water ingested before and during exercise" showed lower increases in HR during exercise (-6.20, 95%CI: 11.70 to -0.71), as did "water was ingested only during exercise" (-6.12, 95%CI: -9.35 to -2.89). Water intake during exercise only revealed a trend of avoiding greater increases in HR during exercise (-4,60, 95%CI: -9.41 to 0.22), although these values were not significantly different (p = 0.06) from those of the control. "Isotonic intake during exercise" showed lower HRs than the control (-7.23 bpm, 95% CI: -11.68 to -2.79). The HRV values following the exercise were higher in the hydration protocol (SMD = 0.48, 95%CI: 0.30 to 0.67). The values of the SBP were higher than those of the controls (2.25 mmHg, 95%CI: 0.08 to 4.42). Conclusions: Hydration-attenuated exercise-induced increases in HR during exercise, improved autonomic recovery via the acceleration of cardiac vagal modulation in response to exercise and caused a modest increase in SBP values, but did not exert effects on DBP following exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey A. Porto
- Department of Movement Sciences, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Presidente Prudente 19060-900, SP, Brazil; (L.A.G.); (V.E.V.)
| | - Cicero Jonas R. Benjamim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil; (C.J.R.B.); (A.C.d.S.S.); (G.d.S.R.)
| | - Andressa Crystine da Silva Sobrinho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil; (C.J.R.B.); (A.C.d.S.S.); (G.d.S.R.)
| | - Rayana Loch Gomes
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados 79804-970, MS, Brazil;
| | - Luana A. Gonzaga
- Department of Movement Sciences, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Presidente Prudente 19060-900, SP, Brazil; (L.A.G.); (V.E.V.)
| | - Guilherme da Silva Rodrigues
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil; (C.J.R.B.); (A.C.d.S.S.); (G.d.S.R.)
| | | | - David M. Garner
- Cardiorespiratory Research Group, Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK;
| | - Vitor E. Valenti
- Department of Movement Sciences, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Presidente Prudente 19060-900, SP, Brazil; (L.A.G.); (V.E.V.)
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Goulet EDB, Claveau P, Simoneau IL, Deshayes TA, Jolicoeur-Desroches A, Aloui F, Hoffman MD. Repeatability of Ad Libitum Water Intake during Repeated 1 h Walking/Jogging Exercise Sessions Conducted under Hot Ambient Conditions. Nutrients 2023; 15:4500. [PMID: 37960153 PMCID: PMC10650651 DOI: 10.3390/nu15214500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A drinking strategy aiming to replace a given percentage of the sweat losses incurred during exercise should result in reproducible fluid intake volume and, hence, fluid balance from one exercise session to the other performed under similar scenarios. Whether this may also be the case with ad libitum drinking during exercise is unclear. We characterized the repeatability of ad libitum water intake during repeated 1 h exercise sessions and examined its effect over time on fluid balance and selected physiological functions and perceptual sensations. Twelve (3 women) healthy individuals participated in this study. At weekly intervals, they completed four 2 × 30 min walking/jogging exercise bouts (55% V˙O2max, 40 °C, 20-30% relative humidity) interspersed by a 3 min recovery period. During exercise, participants consumed water (20 °C) ad libitum. There were no significant differences among the four exercise sessions for absolute water intake volume (~1000 mL·h-1), percent body mass loss (~0.4%), sweat rate (~1300 mL·h-1) and percent of sweat loss replaced by water intake (~80%). Heart rate, rectal temperature, and perceived thirst and heat stress did not differ significantly between the first and fourth exercise sessions. Perceived exertion was significantly lower during the fourth vs. the first exercise session, but the difference was trivial (<1 arbitrary unit). In conclusion, ad libitum water intake during four successive identical 1 h walking/jogging sessions conducted in the heat will result in similar water intake volumes and perturbations in fluid balance, heart rate, rectal temperature, and perceived thirst, heat stress and exertion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric D. B. Goulet
- Faculty of Physical Activity Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, PQ J1K 2R1, Canada; (P.C.); (T.A.D.); (A.J.-D.); (F.A.)
- Research Center on Aging, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, PQ J1H 4C4, Canada
| | - Pascale Claveau
- Faculty of Physical Activity Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, PQ J1K 2R1, Canada; (P.C.); (T.A.D.); (A.J.-D.); (F.A.)
| | - Ivan L. Simoneau
- Centre de Recherche et de Formation par Simulation, Cégep of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, PQ J1E 4K1, Canada;
| | - Thomas A. Deshayes
- Faculty of Physical Activity Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, PQ J1K 2R1, Canada; (P.C.); (T.A.D.); (A.J.-D.); (F.A.)
- Research Center on Aging, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, PQ J1H 4C4, Canada
| | - Antoine Jolicoeur-Desroches
- Faculty of Physical Activity Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, PQ J1K 2R1, Canada; (P.C.); (T.A.D.); (A.J.-D.); (F.A.)
| | - Fedi Aloui
- Faculty of Physical Activity Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, PQ J1K 2R1, Canada; (P.C.); (T.A.D.); (A.J.-D.); (F.A.)
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Robinson AT, Linder BA, Barnett AM, Jeong S, Sanchez SO, Nichols OI, McIntosh MC, Hutchison ZJ, Tharpe MA, Watso JC, Gutiérrez OM, Fuller-Rowell TE. Cross-sectional analysis of racial differences in hydration and neighborhood deprivation in young adults. Am J Clin Nutr 2023; 118:822-833. [PMID: 37619651 PMCID: PMC10579046 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inadequate hydration is associated with cardiovascular and kidney disease morbidity and all-cause mortality. Compared with White individuals, Black individuals exhibit a higher prevalence of inadequate hydration, which may contribute to racial health disparities. However, the underlying reasons for these differences in hydration remain unclear. OBJECTIVE This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate whether neighborhood deprivation contributes to racial differences in hydration status. METHODS We assessed 24 Black and 30 White college students, measuring 24-hour urine osmolality, urine flow rate, urine specific gravity, and plasma copeptin concentration. Participants recorded their food and fluid intake for 3 d to assess total water intake from food and beverages. Neighborhood socioeconomic deprivation was measured using a tract-level Area Deprivation Index. RESULTS Black participants exhibited higher urine osmolality (640 [314] compared with 440 [283] mOsm/kg H2O, respectively, P = 0.006) and lower urine flow rate (1.06 [0.65] compared with 1.71 [0.89] ml/min, respectively, P = 0.009) compared with White participants, indicating greater hypohydration among Black participants. Black participants reported lower total water intake from food and beverages than White participants (2.3 ± 0.7 compared with 3.5 ± 1.1 L/day, respectively, P < 0.01). Black participants exhibited higher copeptin than White participants (6.3 [3.1] compared with 4.5 [2.3] pmol/L, P = 0.046), and urine osmolality mediated 67% of the difference (P = 0.027). Black participants reported greater cumulative exposure to neighborhood deprivation during childhood (ages 0-18 y). Furthermore, neighborhood deprivation during childhood was associated with urine specific gravity (P = 0.031) and total water intake from food and beverages (P = 0.042) but did not mediate the racial differences in these measures. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that compared with White young adults, Black young adults are hypohydrated and exhibit higher plasma copeptin concentration, and that greater neighborhood deprivation is associated with chronic underhydration irrespective of race. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT04576338.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin T Robinson
- Neurovascular Physiology Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States.
| | - Braxton A Linder
- Neurovascular Physiology Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Alex M Barnett
- Neurovascular Physiology Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Soolim Jeong
- Neurovascular Physiology Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Sofia O Sanchez
- Neurovascular Physiology Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Olivia I Nichols
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Mason C McIntosh
- Neurovascular Physiology Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Zach J Hutchison
- Neurovascular Physiology Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - McKenna A Tharpe
- Neurovascular Physiology Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Joseph C Watso
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Orlando M Gutiérrez
- Division of Nephrology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Thomas E Fuller-Rowell
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
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Dean TM, Knight SN, Robinson MJ, Bowling LR, Russell AR, O'Neal EK, Davis BA. 24 h Hydration profile of collegiate soccer players training once versus twice per day in the heat. Physiol Behav 2023; 269:114273. [PMID: 37331456 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2023.114273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
This study examined 24-h hydration parameters among collegiate, male soccer players (n = 17) during twice (X2) and once (X1) per day practice schedules in the heat. Urine specific gravity (USG) and body mass were measured before morning practices, afternoon practice (X2)/team meeting (X1), and the next morning practices. Fluid intake, sweat losses, and urinary losses were assessed during each 24-h window. Pre-practice body mass or USG did not differ among the timepoints. Sweat losses differed among all practices (p < 0.05) and averaged approximately 2.181±0.693 (X2AM) 1.710±0.474 (X2PM), and 3.361±0.956 L (X1AM), but players averaged replacing >50% of sweat losses with fluid intake every practice. Fluid intake during and between practices from practice 1 to the afternoon practice for X2 resulted in a positive fluid balance for X2 (+0.446±0.916 L). However, higher sweat loss during the initial morning practice and lower relative fluid intake prior to the afternoon team meeting the following morning resulted in a negative fluid balance (-0.304±0.675 L; p < 0.05: Cohen's d = 0.94) over the same time period for X1. By the start of the next morning practice sessions, both X1 (+0.664±1.051 L) and X2 (+0.446±0.916 L) were in positive fluid balance, respectively. Ample fluid consumption opportunities, scaled down practice intensities during X2, and potentially intentional greater relative fluid intake during X2 training resulted in no difference in fluid shift versus an X1 schedule before the start of practices. The majority of players maintained fluid balance drinking ad libitum regardless of practice schedule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tate M Dean
- Auburn University at Montgomery, Department of Kinesiology, Montgomery, United States of America
| | - Savanna N Knight
- University of North Alabama, Department of Kinesiology, Florence, United States of America
| | - Marcus J Robinson
- Auburn University at Montgomery, Department of Kinesiology, Montgomery, United States of America
| | - Lynnsey R Bowling
- University of North Alabama, Department of Kinesiology, Florence, United States of America.
| | - Angela R Russell
- Auburn University at Montgomery, Department of Kinesiology, Montgomery, United States of America
| | - Eric K O'Neal
- University of North Alabama, Department of Kinesiology, Florence, United States of America
| | - Brett A Davis
- Auburn University at Montgomery, Department of Kinesiology, Montgomery, United States of America
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Pryor RR, Larson JR, Vandermark LW, Johnson BD, Schlader ZJ. Water consumption patterns impact hydration markers in males working in accordance with the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health recommendations. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE 2023; 20:414-425. [PMID: 37267511 DOI: 10.1080/15459624.2023.2221713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The impact of water consumption bolus volume and frequency on hydration biomarkers during work in the heat is unknown. In a randomized, crossover fashion, eight males consumed either 500 mL of water every 40 min or 237 mL of water every 20 min during 2 hr of continuous walking at 6.4 kph, 1.0% grade in a 34 °C/30% relative humidity environment, followed by 2 hr of rest. Hydration biomarkers and variables were assessed pre-work, post-work, and after the 2 hr recovery. There were no differences in body mass between trials at any time point (all p > 0.05). Percent change in plasma volume during work was not different when 237 mL of water was repeatedly consumed (-1.6 ± 8.2%) compared to 500 mL of water (-1.3 ± 3.0%, p = 0.92). Plasma osmolality was maintained over time (p = 0.55) with no difference between treatments (p = 0.21). When consuming 500 mL of water repeatedly, urine osmolality was lower at recovery (205 ± 108 mOsmo/L) compared to pre-work (589 ± 95 mOsmo/L, p < 0.01), different from repeatedly consuming 237 mL of water which maintained urine osmolality from pre-work (548 ± 144 mOsmo/L) through recovery (364 ± 261 mOsmo/L, p = 0.14). Free water clearance at recovery was greater with repeated consumption of 500 mL of water (1.2 ± 1.0 mL/min) compared to 237 mL of water (0.4 ± 0.8 mL/min, p = 0.02). Urine volume was not different between treatments post-work (p = 0.62), but greater after 2 hr of recovery when repeatedly consuming 500 mL of water compared to 237 mL (p = 0.01), leading to greater hydration efficiency upon recovery with repeated consumption of 237 mL of water (68 ± 12%) compared to 500 mL (63 ± 14%, p = 0.01). Thirst and total gastrointestinal symptom scores were not different between treatments at any time point (all p > 0.05). Body temperatures and heart rate were not different between treatments at any time point (all p > 0.05). Drinking larger, less frequent water boluses or drinking smaller, more frequent water boluses are both reasonable strategies to promote adequate hydration and limit changes in body mass in males completing heavy-intensity work in the heat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riana R Pryor
- Center for Research and Education in Special Environments, Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Jonathan R Larson
- Center for Research and Education in Special Environments, Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Lesley W Vandermark
- Center for Research and Education in Special Environments, Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Blair D Johnson
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
| | - Zachary J Schlader
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
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Woo CC. Recreational windsurfing-related acute injuries: a narrative review. Part 2: injury prevention and a proposal for a set of potential prevention strategies with a holistic approach. THE JOURNAL OF THE CANADIAN CHIROPRACTIC ASSOCIATION 2023; 67:159-174. [PMID: 37840584 PMCID: PMC10575326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Objective The purpose of this review was to identify existing prevention strategies for recreational windsurfing-related acute injuries and provide clinicians with a practical overview of current evidence supporting proposed potential prevention strategies. Methods A literature search was conducted through March 8, 2023, using relevant keywords with Boolean operators, such as "windsurfing" AND "injury prevention" and "windsurfing" AND "exercise interventions," from the PubMed and Google Scholar databases. Only peer-reviewed English-articles were included. Results Existing prevention strategies, right-of-way rules, a new proposed set of eight potential primary to tertiary prevention strategies for windsurfing-related acute injuries, and proposed definitions of injury prevention levels equivalent to Haddon's matrix were identified and tabled. Conclusions The proposed potential prevention strategies may facilitate clinicians in preventing recreational windsurfing-related acute injuries. Injury prevention for recreational windsurfing is under-researched. Future studies should focus on large prospective clinical trials evaluating the efficacy of prevention strategies for recreational windsurfing-related injuries.
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Baker LB, Alfred S, Lee KA, Bonsignore JL, Osterberg KL, Shepherd B, De Chavez PJD, Bentkovski K. Accuracy of a smart bottle in measuring fluid intake by American football players during pre-season training. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11383. [PMID: 37452208 PMCID: PMC10349061 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38613-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Rehydration is important for athlete performance and recovery. However, it can be challenging to follow appropriate fluid replacement practices due in part to difficulties in tracking fluid intake in real time. The purpose of this study was to determine the accuracy of a smart bottle in measuring fluid intake during exercise. Thirty male American football athletes drank from bottles equipped with a smart cap during outdoor pre-season practices (110 ± 30 min; 29.3 ± 3.0 °C; 75 ± 11% rh). The cap technology included optical sensors, microprocessors, batteries, and wireless connectivity that transmitted fluid volume data to a smartphone application in real-time. Reference measurements of fluid intake from the smart bottle were determined by gravimetry followed by conversion to volume using the density of the fluid consumed. There was no significant mean difference in fluid intake between the smart bottle and reference method (1220 ± 371 ml vs. 1236 ± 389 ml, p = 0.39 paired t test). Bland-Altman 95% limits of agreement between methods was - 212 to 180 ml. The smart bottle provided accurate measurements of fluid intake during exercise in real-world field conditions on a group level and within limits of agreement of - 212 to 180 ml (or approximately ± 15% of overall fluid intake) on an individual level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay B Baker
- Gatorade Sports Science Institute, PepsiCo R&D Life Sciences, 50 E. Stevens Ave., Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA.
| | - Shelby Alfred
- Gatorade Sports Science Institute, PepsiCo R&D Life Sciences, 50 E. Stevens Ave., Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA
| | - Khalil A Lee
- Gatorade Sports Science Institute, PepsiCo R&D Life Sciences, Bradenton, FL, USA
| | - Justina L Bonsignore
- Gatorade Sports Science Institute, PepsiCo R&D Life Sciences, Bradenton, FL, USA
| | - Kristin L Osterberg
- Gatorade Sports Science Institute, PepsiCo R&D Life Sciences, Bradenton, FL, USA
| | - Brandon Shepherd
- Gatorade Sports Science Institute, PepsiCo R&D Life Sciences, Bradenton, FL, USA
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Rastmanesh R. Inadequate Hydration Status of Test Subjects Can Affect Bioavailability Studies. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2023; 6:1104-1106. [PMID: 37470021 PMCID: PMC10353055 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.3c00089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
This Viewpoint identifies some of the pitfalls in the bioavailability of water-soluble drugs and introduces a novel bias we term the "hypohydration bias". We suggest that future bioavailability studies take some important neglected confounding factors into account, and we propose that, to avoid such a bias, some relevant variables such as serum and urine osmolality, dry weight adjustment, fluid balance, semi-nude body mass, saliva osmolality, saliva total protein concentration, and urine specific gravity should be controlled to increase the precision of the bioavailability measurements. We suggest that a new definition of hydration status is needed, and that systematic protocols of bioavailability studies should be revisited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Rastmanesh
- American
Physical Society, College Park, Maryland 20740, USA
- The
Nutrition Society, London W6 7NJ, U.K.
- Independent
researcher, #6, Physicians
Building, Sarshar Alley, Vali-Asr, Tajrish, Tehran 1961835555, Iran
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Roberts MD, Ruple BA, Godwin JS, McIntosh MC, Chen SY, Kontos NJ, Agyin-Birikorang A, Max Michel J, Plotkin DL, Mattingly ML, Brooks Mobley C, Ziegenfuss TN, Fruge AD, Kavazis AN. A novel deep proteomic approach in human skeletal muscle unveils distinct molecular signatures affected by aging and resistance training. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.02.543459. [PMID: 37333259 PMCID: PMC10274632 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.02.543459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
We examined the myofibrillar (MyoF) and non-myofibrillar (non-MyoF) proteomic profiles of the vastus lateralis (VL) muscle of younger (Y, 22±2 years old; n=5) and middle-aged participants (MA, 56±8 years old; n=6), and MA following eight weeks of knee extensor resistance training (RT, 2d/week). Shotgun/bottom-up proteomics in skeletal muscle typically yields wide protein abundance ranges that mask lowly expressed proteins. Thus, we adopted a novel approach whereby the MyoF and non-MyoF fractions were separately subjected to protein corona nanoparticle complex formation prior to digestion and Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis. A total of 10,866 proteins (4,421 MyoF and 6,445 non-MyoF) were identified. Across all participants, the number of non-MyoF proteins detected averaged to be 5,645±266 (range: 4,888-5,987) and the number of MyoF proteins detected averaged to be 2,611±326 (range: 1,944-3,101). Differences in the non-MyoF (8.4%) and MyoF (2.5%) proteome were evident between age cohorts. Further, most of these age-related non-MyoF proteins (447/543) were more enriched in MA versus Y. Several biological processes in the non-MyoF fraction were predicted to be operative in MA versus Y including (but not limited to) increased cellular stress, mRNA splicing, translation elongation, and ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis. Non-MyoF proteins associated with splicing and proteostasis were further interrogated, and in agreement with bioinformatics, alternative protein variants, spliceosome-associated proteins (snRNPs), and proteolysis-related targets were more abundant in MA versus Y. RT in MA non-significantly increased VL muscle cross-sectional area (+6.5%, p=0.066) and significantly increased knee extensor strength (+8.7%, p=0.048). However, RT modestly altered the MyoF (~0.3%, 11 upregulated and two downregulated proteins) and non-MyoF proteomes (~1.0%, 56 upregulated and eight downregulated proteins, p<0.01). Further, RT did not affect predicted biological processes in either fraction. Although participant numbers were limited, these preliminary results using a novel deep proteomic approach in skeletal muscle suggest that aging and RT predominantly affects protein abundances in the non-contractile protein pool. However, the marginal proteome adaptations occurring with RT suggest either: a) this may be an aging-associated phenomenon, b) more rigorous RT may stimulate more robust effects, or c) RT, regardless of age, subtly affects skeletal muscle protein abundances in the basal state.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - J. Max Michel
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL USA
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Laurino MJL, da Silva AKF, Santos LA, Vanderlei LCM. Water drinking during aerobic exercise improves the recovery of non-linear heart rate dynamics in coronary artery disease: crossover clinical trial. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1147299. [PMID: 37424997 PMCID: PMC10323825 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1147299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The post-exercise recovery is a period of vulnerability of the cardiovascular system in which autonomic nervous system plays a key role in cardiovascular deceleration. It is already known that individuals with coronary artery disease (CAD) are at greater risk due to delayed vagal reactivation in this period. Water ingestion has been studied as a strategy to improve autonomic recovery and mitigate the risks during recovery. However, the results are preliminary and need further confirmation. Therefore, our aim was to investigate the influence of individualized water drinking on the non-linear dynamics of heart rate during and after aerobic exercise in CAD subjects. Methods 30 males with CAD were submitted to a control protocol composed of initial rest, warming up, treadmill exercise, and passive recovery (60 min). After 48 hours they performed the hydration protocol, composed of the same activities, however, with individualized water drinking proportional to the body mass lost in the control protocol. The non-linear dynamics of heart rate were assessed by indices of heart rate variability extracted from the recurrence plot, detrended fluctuation analysis, and symbolic analysis. Results and discussion During exercise, the responses were physiological and similar in both protocols, indicating high sympathetic activity and reduced complexity. During recovery, the responses were also physiological, indicating the rise of parasympathetic activity and the return to a more complex state. However, during hydration protocol, the return to a more complex physiologic state occurred sooner and non-linear HRV indices returned to resting values between the 5th and 20th minutes of recovery. In contrast, during the control protocol, only a few indices returned to resting values within 60 minutes. Despite that, differences between protocols were not found. We conclude that the water drinking strategy accelerated the recovery of non-linear dynamics of heart rate in CAD subjects but did not influence responses during exercise. This is the first study to characterize the non-linear responses during and after exercise in CAD subjects.
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Pałka T, Koteja PM, Tota Ł, Rydzik Ł, Kopańska M, Kaczorowska I, Javdaneh N, Mikulakova W, Wolski H, Ambroży T. The Influence of Various Hydration Strategies (Isotonic, Water, and No Hydration) on Hematological Indices, Plasma Volume, and Lactate Concentration in Young Men during Prolonged Cycling in Elevated Ambient Temperatures. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12050687. [PMID: 37237501 DOI: 10.3390/biology12050687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased internal body temperature during dehydration can be accompanied by water-electrolyte imbalances, higher levels of lactate during and after physical exertion, and changes in blood volume. Adequate hydration with carbohydrate-electrolyte fluids during physical activity can prevent dehydration and delay the onset of fatigue, allowing for proper biochemical and hematological reactions during exertion. A suitable drinking plan should consider the pre-exercise hydration level as well as the requirements for fluids, electrolytes, and substrates before, during, and after exercise. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of different hydration strategies (isotonic, water, and no hydration) on hematological indicators (hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit number, erythrocyte count, leukocyte count, and mean corpuscular volume) and lactate concentration during prolonged physical exertion in a high-temperature environment in young men. METHODS The research method was quasi-experimental. The study involved 12 healthy men aged 20.6 ± 0.9 years, who were characterized by a body height (BH) of 177.2 ± 4.8 cm, a body mass (BM) of 74.4 ± 7.6 kg, a lean body mass (LBM) of 61.1 ± 6.1 kg, and a body mass index (BMI) of 23.60 ± 0.48. Measurements were taken of body composition and hematological and biochemical indicators. The main tests consisted of three series of tests separated by a one-week break. During the tests, the men performed a 120 min exercise with an intensity of 110 W on a cycle ergometer in a thermo-climatic chamber at an ambient temperature of 31 ± 2 °C. During exertion, the participants consumed isotonic fluids or water in an amount of 120-150% of the lost water every 15 min. The participants who exercised without hydration did not consume any fluids. RESULTS Significant differences in serum volume were observed between the use of isotonic beverage and no hydration (p = 0.002) and between the use of isotonic beverage and water (p = 0.046). Immediately after the experimental exercise, hemoglobin values were significantly higher with no hydration than with water (p = 0.002). An even stronger significance of differences in hemoglobin was observed between no hydration and isotonic beverage consumption (p < 0.001). There was a statistically significant difference in the number of leukocytes between the consumption of isotonic beverage and no hydration (p = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS Each active hydration strategy allows for a better maintenance of water-electrolyte homeostasis during physical exertion in a high-temperature environment, and isotonic beverage consumption had a greater impact on hydrating extracellular spaces with the smallest changes in hematological indicators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Pałka
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University of Physical Education, 31-571 Kraków, Poland
| | - Piotr Michał Koteja
- Institute of Sports Sciences, University of Physical Education, 31-571 Kraków, Poland
| | - Łukasz Tota
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University of Physical Education, 31-571 Kraków, Poland
| | - Łukasz Rydzik
- Institute of Sports Sciences, University of Physical Education, 31-571 Kraków, Poland
| | - Marta Kopańska
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszów University, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Izabela Kaczorowska
- Doctoral Studies Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Physical Education, 31-571 Kraków, Poland
| | - Norollah Javdaneh
- Department of Biomechanics and Sports Injuries, Kharazmi University of Tehran, Tehran 14911-15719, Iran
| | - Wioletta Mikulakova
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Care, University of Presov, 080 01 Presov, Slovakia
| | - Hubert Wolski
- Medical Institute, Podhale State Vocational College, 34-400 Nowy Targ, Poland
- Department of Perinatology and Women's Diseases, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznań, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Ambroży
- Institute of Sports Sciences, University of Physical Education, 31-571 Kraków, Poland
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Nye NS, Grubic T, Kim M, O'Connor F, Deuster PA. Universal Training Precautions: A Review of Evidence and Recommendations for Prevention of Exercise-Related Injury, Illness, and Death in Warfighters and Athletes. J Athl Train 2023; 58:232-243. [PMID: 35724358 PMCID: PMC10176841 DOI: 10.4085/1062-6050-0400.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Facing pressure to train for victory, warfighters and athletes encounter numerous health risks that are directly related to their regular physical training. The concept of universal training precautions (UTPs) signifies universal processes designed to prevent unnecessary bodily harm, including injury, illness, and death, during physical training programs. Although no formal guidelines exist for collectively implementing a defined set of UTPs to address a broad scope of exercise-related health risks, recommendations and guidelines have been published relating to preventing sudden death during high school sports and collegiate conditioning sessions. A long list of critical topics must be considered as UTPs, including physical fitness factors, transition-period accommodation, hydration, environmental factors and acclimatization, appropriate recovery, use of medications and dietary supplements, and importantly, leadership. In this article, we outline in detail, with corresponding Strength of Recommendation Taxonomy ratings, what should be considered universal recommendations to minimize the risk of warfighters and athletes coming to harm when participating in group physical activities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tyler Grubic
- Aviation Survival Training Center, NAS Patuxent River, MD
| | - Michael Kim
- Sports Medicine Clinic, Fort Belvoir Community Hospital, VA
| | | | - Patricia A. Deuster
- USU/MEM Consortium for Health and Military Performance, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Silver Spring, MD
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Silva AGD, Albuquerque MR, Brito CJ, Stroppa GM, Oliveira SAF, Sillero-Quintana M, Marins JCB. Effect of Whole-, Upper-, and Lower-Body High-Intensity Rowing Exercise on Skin Temperature Measured by Thermography. RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT 2023; 94:226-236. [PMID: 35323083 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2021.1964696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: Despite the growing works analyzing exercise-induced thermoregulatory adjustments through thermography, the skin temperature (Tsk) response of the same muscle groups underwent to different exercise demands has not been investigated. This study analyzed the behavior of Tsk of the same muscle groups when exercised with different demands in rowing. Methods: Eighteen men underwent three performance tests on a rowing ergometer: whole-body 2,000 m test (RTWB), upper-body (RTUB), and lower-body (RTLB) tests. In each condition, thermograms were recorded before (pre), immediately after test (post), and at 10 (REC10), 20 (REC20), and 30 (REC30) minutes post-exercise recovery. Tsk was measured at the pectoral (control body region), upper back, quadriceps, brachial biceps, and forearm. Results: Pectoral-Tsk reduced comparably in response to all testing conditions (p < .05). Upper back-Tsk decreased post (p < .001) and returned to baseline in the RTUB (REC10, p = 1.0) and RTWB (REC30, p = .128), while remained reduced in the RTLB (p < .001). Quadriceps-Tsk reduced post (p < .05) and returned to baseline in the RTWB and RTLB at REC10 (p = 1.0), remaining reduced in the RTUB during recovery (p < .05). Regarding the upper limbs, Tsk increased more markedly in the RTUB versus RTWB during the recovery period (p < .05); in the RTLB, biceps-Tsk remained below baseline over time (p < .05), whereas the forearm-Tsk was restored at REC10 (p = 1.0). Conclusion: Manipulating the muscle groups involved in rowing alters the Tsk response within equal ROI. Exercise-induced Tsk changes can reflect local hemodynamic and thermoregulatory adjustments.
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Gacek M, Wojtowicz A, Popek A. Personality Determinants of Exercise-Related Nutritional Behaviours among Polish Team Sport Athletes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4025. [PMID: 36901036 PMCID: PMC10001531 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20054025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A proper diet increases the effectiveness of training and accelerates post-workout regeneration. One of the factors determining eating behaviour are personality traits, including those included in the Big Five model, i.e., neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness. The aim of this study was to analyse the personality determinants of peri-exercise nutritional behaviours among an elite group of Polish athletes practicing team sports. The study was conducted in a group of 213 athletes, using the author's validated questionnaire of exercise-related nutrition behaviours and the NEO-PI-R (Neuroticism Extraversion Openness-Personality Inventory-Revised). A statistical analysis was performed using Pearson's linear correlation and Spearman's rank correlation coefficients as well as a multiple regression analysis, assuming a significance level of α = 0.05. It has been shown that the level of the overall index regarding normal peri-exercise eating behaviours decreased with increasing neuroticism (r = -0.18) and agreeableness (r = -0.18). An analysis of the relationship between the personality traits (sub-scales) of the Big Five model demonstrated that the overall index of proper peri-exercise nutrition decreased with the intensification of three neuroticism traits, i.e., hostility/anger (R = -0.20), impulsiveness/immoderation (R = -0.18), and vulnerability to stress/learned helplessness (R = -0.19), and four traits of agreeableness, i.e., straightforwardness/morality (R = -0.17), compliance/cooperation (R = -0.19), modesty (R = -0.14), and tendermindedness/sympathy (R = -0.15) (p < 0.05). A multiple regression analysis exhibited that the full model consisting of all the analysed personality traits explained 99% of the variance concerning the level of the proper peri-exercise nutrition index. In conclusion, the index of proper nutrition under conditions of physical effort decreases along with the intensification of neuroticism and agreeableness among Polish athletes professionally practicing team sports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gacek
- Department of Sports Medicine and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, University of Physical Education in Kraków, 31-571 Kraków, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Wojtowicz
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Physical Education in Kraków, 31-571 Kraków, Poland
| | - Adam Popek
- Bronisław Markiewicz State Higher School of Technology and Economics in Jarosław, 37-500 Jarosław, Poland
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Griswold CA, Vento KA, Blacker KJ. Voluntary Urinary Retention Effects on Cognitive Performance. Aerosp Med Hum Perform 2023; 94:79-85. [PMID: 36754996 DOI: 10.3357/amhp.6067.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Aircrew in-flight bladder relief remains an understudied stressor; specifically the effects of withholding urination on flight-relevant cognitive performance. This quasi-experimental study investigated whether voluntary urinary retention over a 3-h period negatively impacted cognitive performance.METHODS: We assessed vigilance using the psychomotor vigilance task (PVT) and measured the P3b event-related potential (ERP) in response to PVT stimuli. We also measured working memory (WM) performance using a change detection task and assessed the contralateral delay activity during the WM task using electroencephalography (EEG). Subjects (N = 29) completed a baseline test on both tasks, following bladder voiding and immediately after consuming 0.75 L of water. Subjects performed tasks at 1, 2, and 3 h post-void and urgency to void one's bladder was assessed regularly. A total of 17 subjects were able to complete the entire study protocol. Repeated-measures ANOVAs assessed changes in PVT and WM outcomes.RESULTS: Reaction time (RT) on the PVT was significantly impaired (5% slower) with longer urinary retention time and showed a 2.5-fold increase in the number of lapses (RT > 500 ms) with increased retention time. Together these results indicate that sustained attention was impaired with increased voluntary urine retention. We did not see significant changes in WM performance with our manipulations. Additionally, neural measures acquired with EEG for both tasks did not show any significant effect.DISCUSSION: As measured with the PVT, sustained attention was impaired during 3 h of voluntary urinary retention, highlighting the need for further development of adequate bladder relief systems in military aviation.Griswold CA, Vento KA, Blacker KJ. Voluntary urinary retention effects on cognitive performance. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2023; 94(2):79-85.
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Naldo R, Boeckman J, Vanos JK, Kavouras SA, Wardenaar FC. Short hydration education video and hiker fluid selection and consumption at trails, a non-randomized quasi-experimental field study. Nutr Health 2023:2601060221150303. [PMID: 36632648 DOI: 10.1177/02601060221150303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Background: Education may improve hiker safety on trails. Aim: To investigate the impact of an educational video on hiker fluid selection and fluid consumption in a hot environment. Methods: Quasi-experimental field study at hiking trails in which the intervention group (INT) viewed a three-minute hydration education video, whereas the control group (CON) did not. Before the hike, all hikers were asked if they wanted to select extra fluid, which was provided by the research team. Results: A total of n = 97 hikers participated in the study, with n = 56 in INT (32 male) and n = 41 in CON (25 male). Despite absolute differences in environmental conditions, the differences fell within the same WBGT category. The total amount of fluid brought to the trails by participants was different between INT: 904 (503-1758) mL and CON: 1509 (880-2176) mL (P = 0.006), but participants in the INT group selected extra fluid (41%; n = 23) significantly more often when compared with participants in the CON group (7%; n = 3; P < 0.001). As a result, there was no difference in the amount of fluid brought on the trail between INT: 1047 (611-1936) mL and CON: 1509 (932-2176) mL (P = 0.069), nor for fluid consumption between INT: 433 (289-615) mL/h and CON: 489 (374-719) mL/h (P = 0.18). Conclusions and Implications: A 3-min educational video may encourage hikers to select additional fluid before the start of their hike but does not appear to increase fluid intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Naldo
- 465849College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Josh Boeckman
- 465849College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Jennifer K Vanos
- School of Sustainability, College of Global Futures, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Stavros A Kavouras
- 465849College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Floris C Wardenaar
- 465849College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
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