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Mitra D, Paul M, Thatoi H, Das Mohapatra PK. Potentiality of bioactive compounds as inhibitor of M protein and F protein function of human respiratory syncytial virus. In Silico Pharmacol 2023; 12:5. [PMID: 38148755 PMCID: PMC10749291 DOI: 10.1007/s40203-023-00178-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) creates a pandemic every year in several countries in the world. Lack of target therapeutics and absence of vaccines have prompted scientists to create novel vaccines or small chemical treatments against RSV's numerous targets. The matrix (M) protein and fusion (F) glycoprotein of RSV are well characterized and attractive drug targets. Five bioactive compounds from Alnus japonica (Thunb.) Steud. were taken into consideration as lead compounds. Drug-likeness characters of them showed the drugs are non-toxic and non-mutagenic and mostly lipophobic. Molecular docking reveals that all bioactive compounds have better binding and better inhibitory effect than ribavirin which is currently used against RSV. Praecoxin A appeared as the best lead compound between them. It creates 7 different types of bonds with amino acids of M protein and 5 different types of bonds with amino acids of F protein. Van der Waals interactions highly influenced the binding energies. Molecular dynamic simulations represent the non-deviated and less fluctuating nature of praecoxin A. Principal Component Analysis showed praecoxin A complex with RSV matrix protein is more stable than ribavirin complex. This study will help to develop a new drug to inhibit RSV. All ligands were minimized through semi-empirical PM3 process with MOPAC. Toxicity was tested by ProTox-II server. Molecular docking studies were carried out using AutoDock 4.2. Molecular dynamics simulations for 100 ns were carried out through GROMACS 5.12 MD and GROMOS96 43a1 force field. The graphs were produced by GROMACS's XMGrace program. Graphical abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Debanjan Mitra
- Department of Microbiology, Raiganj University, Raiganj, West Bengal 733134 India
| | - Manish Paul
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharaja Sriram Chandra Bhanja Deo University, Baripada, Odisha 757003 India
| | - Hrudayanath Thatoi
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharaja Sriram Chandra Bhanja Deo University, Baripada, Odisha 757003 India
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Fuller E, Germaine KJ, Rathore DS. The Good, the Bad, and the Useable Microbes within the Common Alder ( Alnus glutinosa) Microbiome-Potential Bio-Agents to Combat Alder Dieback. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2187. [PMID: 37764031 PMCID: PMC10535473 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11092187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Common Alder (Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn.) is a tree species native to Ireland and Europe with high economic and ecological importance. The presence of Alder has many benefits including the ability to adapt to multiple climate types, as well as aiding in ecosystem restoration due to its colonization capabilities within disturbed soils. However, Alder is susceptible to infection of the root rot pathogen Phytophthora alni, amongst other pathogens associated with this tree species. P. alni has become an issue within the forestry sector as it continues to spread across Europe, infecting Alder plantations, thus affecting their growth and survival and altering ecosystem dynamics. Beneficial microbiota and biocontrol agents play a crucial role in maintaining the health and resilience of plants. Studies have shown that beneficial microbes promote plant growth as well as aid in the protection against pathogens and abiotic stress. Understanding the interactions between A. glutinosa and its microbiota, both beneficial and pathogenic, is essential for developing integrated management strategies to mitigate the impact of P. alni and maintain the health of Alder trees. This review is focused on collating the relevant literature associated with Alder, current threats to the species, what is known about its microbial composition, and Common Alder-microbe interactions that have been observed worldwide to date. It also summarizes the beneficial fungi, bacteria, and biocontrol agents, underpinning genetic mechanisms and secondary metabolites identified within the forestry sector in relation to the Alder tree species. In addition, biocontrol mechanisms and microbiome-assisted breeding as well as gaps within research that require further attention are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Fuller
- EnviroCore, Dargan Research Centre, Department of Applied Science, South East Technological University, Kilkenny Road, R93 V960 Carlow, Ireland; (E.F.); (K.J.G.)
- Teagasc, Forestry Development Department, Oak Park Research Centre, R93 XE12 Carlow, Ireland
| | - Kieran J. Germaine
- EnviroCore, Dargan Research Centre, Department of Applied Science, South East Technological University, Kilkenny Road, R93 V960 Carlow, Ireland; (E.F.); (K.J.G.)
| | - Dheeraj Singh Rathore
- Teagasc, Forestry Development Department, Oak Park Research Centre, R93 XE12 Carlow, Ireland
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Lee H, Jeong JH, Hwang SH, Yeon SH, Ryu JH. A Lignan from Alnus japonica Activates Myogenesis and Alleviates Dexamethasone-induced Myotube Atrophy. PLANTA MEDICA 2023; 89:484-492. [PMID: 35789994 DOI: 10.1055/a-1891-3366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
To find inhibitors against skeletal muscle loss, we isolated a lignan compound ((-)-(2R,3R-1,4-O-diferuloylsecoisolarciresinol, DFS) from the stem of Alnus japonica. C2C12 myoblasts were treated with DFS during differentiation. To induce an in vitro atrophic condition, differentiated myotubes were treated with dexamethasone (a synthetic glucocorticoid). DFS (10 nM) increased expression levels of myogenic factors and the number of multi-nucleated myotubes expressing myosin heavy chain (MHC). The myogenic potential of DFS could be attributed to p38 MAPK activation. DFS also protected against dexamethasone-induced damage, showing increased expression of MHC and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), a major anabolic factor. Under atrophic condition, the anti-myopathy effect of DFS was associated with inactivation of NF-κB signaling pathway and the subsequent suppression of muscle degradative E3 ligases and myostatin. DFS treatment also restored fast muscle fiber (type II a, II b, and II x), known to be susceptible to dexamethasone. These results indicate that DFS isolated from A. japonica can stimulate myogenesis via p38 MAPK activation and alleviate muscle atrophy by modulating the expression of genes associated with muscle protein anabolism/catabolism. Thus, we propose that DFS can be used as a pharmacological and nutraceutical agent for increasing muscle strength or protecting muscle loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyejin Lee
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Hye Jeong
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | - Jae-Ha Ryu
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
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Extract of Alnus japonica prevents dexamethasone-induced muscle atrophy in mice. J Funct Foods 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2023.105419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
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Lamichhane G, Sharma G, Sapkota B, Adhikari M, Ghimire S, Poudel P, Jung HJ. Screening of Antioxidant, Antibacterial, Anti-Adipogenic, and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Five Selected Medicinal Plants of Nepal. J Exp Pharmacol 2023; 15:93-106. [PMID: 36891159 PMCID: PMC9987241 DOI: 10.2147/jep.s388968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Herbal products have been widely used for the treatment of diseases throughout the ages. In this research, we investigated antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-adipogenic, and anti-inflammatory activities of methanolic extracts of five ethnomedicinally important plants; namely, Alnus nepalensis, Dryopteris sparsa, Artocarpus lacucha, Litsea monopetala, and Lyonia ovalifolia. Methods We investigated the DPPH free radical scavenging potential, sensitivity of selected bacterial strains towards the extracts using a disc diffusion assay, anti-inflammatory activity in RAW-264.7 cells, and anti-adipogenic activity by the ORO assay in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Results and discussion The extract of A. nepalensis showed significant antioxidant activity (IC50=4.838 µg/mL), followed by A. lacucha, L. monopetala, and L. ovalifolia, exhibiting comparable IC50 values to that of ascorbic acid (IC50=5.063 µg/mL). Alnus nepalensis also showed good antibacterial activity in disc diffusion methods, with remarkable zones of inhibition in A. baumannii (14.66 mm) and P. mirabilis (15.50 mm) bacterial species. In addition, A. nepalensis was found to increase adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells, evidenced by increased lipid deposition in differentiated 3T3-L1 cells. A similar pattern of increased adipogenesis was observed on treatment with L. ovalifolia extracts. On the other hand, A. lacucha effectively reduced lipid deposition in 3T3-L1 cells at 100 µg/mL (75.18±6.42%) by inhibiting adipogenesis, showing its potential use in the management of obesity. Furthermore, A. lacucha 100 µg/mL (15.91±0.277 µM) and L. monopetala 75 µg/mL (12.52±0.05 µM) and 100 µg/mL (11.77±0.33 µM) significantly inhibited LPS-induced nitric oxide production in RAW 264.7 cells. Also, A. nepalensis and L. ovalifolia inhibited NO production significantly, endorsing their anti-inflammatory potential. Conclusion The findings from these in-vitro studies suggest that the selected five plants possess remarkable antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-adipogenic, and anti-inflammatory activities. This study opens the door to conduct further advanced in-vivo experiments to find possible lead compounds for the development of valuable therapeutic agents for common health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopal Lamichhane
- School of Health and Allied Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pokhara University, Pokhara, 33700, Nepal.,Department of Oriental Pharmacy and Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do, 570-749, South Korea
| | - Grinsun Sharma
- School of Health and Allied Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pokhara University, Pokhara, 33700, Nepal.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan, 570-749, South Korea
| | - Biswash Sapkota
- School of Health and Allied Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pokhara University, Pokhara, 33700, Nepal.,Department of Pharmacy and Clinical Pharmacology, Madan Bhandari Academy of Health Sciences, Hetauda, 44107, Nepal
| | - Mahendra Adhikari
- School of Health and Allied Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pokhara University, Pokhara, 33700, Nepal.,Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - Sandhaya Ghimire
- School of Health and Allied Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pokhara University, Pokhara, 33700, Nepal
| | - Prakash Poudel
- School of Health and Allied Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pokhara University, Pokhara, 33700, Nepal.,Pharmacy Program, Gandaki University, Pokhara, 33700, Nepal
| | - Hyun-Ju Jung
- Department of Oriental Pharmacy and Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do, 570-749, South Korea
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Chen G, Pan F, Gao Y, Li H, Qin X, Jiang Y, Qi J, Xie J, Jia S. Analysis of Components and Properties of Extractives from Alnus cremastogyne Pods from Different Provenances. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27227802. [PMID: 36431903 PMCID: PMC9699184 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical components with anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer properties extracted from Alnus bark and leaves have been extensively studied. However, less attention has been paid to extractives from Alnus pods, which are mostly treated as waste. Here, extractives of Alnus cremastogyne pods from 12 provenances in Sichuan Province were studied for high value-added utilization of Alnus waste. The extractives were analyzed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer (GC-MS), Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis spectra), and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity. A total of 58, 49, and 51 chemical components were found when the organic solvents of ethanol, petroleum ether, and ethyl acetate were used to collect extractives, respectively. These chemical components including Phytol, CIS-5,8,11,14,17-eicosapentaenoic acid, Germacrene D, Lupeol, and β-sitosterol, etc., have wide applications in the fields of pharmacy and cosmetics. Moreover, it was also found that extractives in ethanol and ethyl acetate had impressive UV resistance, especially for UV-C and UV-B blocking. The results showed that the maximum block ratio towards UV-C and UV-B could reach 99%. In addition, the ethanol extract showed good anti-oxidant activity with a maximum free radical scavenging rate of 96.19%. This comprehensive and systematic study on extractives from Alnus cremastogyne pods promotes the development of high-value utilization of Alnus components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoxi Chen
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Wood Industry and Furniture Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Provincial Department of Education, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Fangya Pan
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Wood Industry and Furniture Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Provincial Department of Education, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yemei Gao
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Wood Industry and Furniture Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Provincial Department of Education, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Hao Li
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Wood Industry and Furniture Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Provincial Department of Education, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiaqing Qin
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Wood Industry and Furniture Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Provincial Department of Education, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yongze Jiang
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Wood Industry and Furniture Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Provincial Department of Education, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jinqiu Qi
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Wood Industry and Furniture Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Provincial Department of Education, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jiulong Xie
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Wood Industry and Furniture Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Provincial Department of Education, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Shanshan Jia
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Wood Industry and Furniture Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Provincial Department of Education, Chengdu 611130, China
- Correspondence:
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New Insights on Phytochemical Features and Biological Properties of Alnus glutinosa Stem Bark. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11192499. [PMID: 36235365 PMCID: PMC9570633 DOI: 10.3390/plants11192499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Alnus glutinosa (namely black alder or European alder) is a tree of the Betulaceae family widely spread through Europe, Southeastern Asia, the Caucasus mountains, and Western Siberia. Its bark is traditionally used for medicinal purposes as an astringent, cathartic, febrifuge, emetic, hemostatic, and tonic, suggesting that it may contain bioactive compounds useful to counteract inflammation. The aim of this study was to investigate the phytochemical profile of A. glutinosa stem bark extract (AGE) by LC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS analysis and to validate some biological activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic properties by in vitro and in vivo models (chick chorioallantoic membranes and zebrafish embryos), that can justify its use against inflammatory-based diseases. The AGE showed a high total phenols content expressed as gallic acid equivalents (0.71 g GAE/g of AGE). Diarylheptanoids have been identified as the predominant compounds (0.65 g/g of AGE) with oregonin, which alone constitutes 74.67% of the AGE. The AGE showed a strong and concentration-dependent antioxidant (IC50 0.15–12.21 µg/mL) and anti-inflammatory (IC50 5.47–12.97 µg/mL) activity. Furthermore, it showed promising anti-angiogenic activity, inhibiting both the vessel growth (IC50 23.39 µg/egg) and the release of an endogenous phosphatase alkaline enzyme (IC50 44.24 µg/embryo). In conclusion, AGE is a promising source of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and angio-modulator compounds.
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Aswathy M, Vijayan A, Daimary UD, Girisa S, Radhakrishnan KV, Kunnumakkara AB. Betulinic acid: A natural promising anticancer drug, current situation, and future perspectives. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2022; 36:e23206. [PMID: 36124371 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Natural products serve as the single most productive source for the discovery of drugs and pharmaceutical leads. Among the various chemicals derived from microbes, plants, and animals, phytochemicals have emerged as potential candidates for the development of anticancer drugs due to their structural diversities, complexities, and pleiotropic effects. Herein, we discuss betulinic acid (BA), a ubiquitously distributed lupane structured pentacyclic triterpenoid, scrutinized as a promising natural agent for the prevention, suppression, and management of various human malignancies. Ease of availability, common occurrences, cell-specific cytotoxicity, and astonishing selectivity are the important factors that contribute to the development of BA as an anticancer agent. The current review delineates the mechanistic framework of BA-mediated cancer suppression through the modulation of multiple signaling pathways and also summarizes the key outcomes of BA in preclinical investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maniyamma Aswathy
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Ajesh Vijayan
- Department of Chemistry, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, India
| | - Uzini D Daimary
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Sosmitha Girisa
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Kokkuvayil V Radhakrishnan
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Ajaikumar B Kunnumakkara
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Assam, India
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Uto T, Tung NH, Shoyama Y. Hirsutanone Isolated from the Bark of Alnus japonica Attenuates Melanogenesis via Dual Inhibition of Tyrosinase Activity and Expression of Melanogenic Proteins. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11141875. [PMID: 35890509 PMCID: PMC9321039 DOI: 10.3390/plants11141875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hirsutanone (Hir) and oregonin (Ore) are diarylheptanoids isolated from the bark of Alnus japonica. In this study, we investigated the anti-melanogenic activity of Hir and Ore in B16-F1 murine melanoma and normal human epidermal melanocytes (HEMn-DP) and elucidated the mechanisms of action. In B16-F1 cells, Hir and Ore suppressed melanin synthesis induced by α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) without cytotoxicity. The inhibitory effect of Hir on melanin synthesis was much stronger than that of Ore. In addition, Hir reduced melanin content in HEMn-DP cells. As tyrosinase is a key enzyme in melanin synthesis, the effect of Hir on tyrosinase activity was assessed. The results demonstrated that Hir partially decreased tyrosinase activity and intracellular tyrosinase activity. Moreover, Hir suppressed the protein expression of melanogenic enzymes, including tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein (TRP)-1, and TRP-2, leading to reduced melanin biosynthesis. Hir also led to the suppression of cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) expression, which control the expression of melanogenic enzymes. These results suggest that Hir suppressed melanin synthesis by dual inhibition of tyrosinase activity and the CREB/MITF pathway leading to the expression of melanogenic enzymes and may be a potent cosmetic and therapeutic agent for hyperpigmentation disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuhiro Uto
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University, 2825-7 Huis Ten Bosch, Sasebo, Nagasaki 859-3298, Japan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-956-20-5653
| | - Nguyen Huu Tung
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Phenikaa University, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam;
| | - Yukihiro Shoyama
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University, 2825-7 Huis Ten Bosch, Sasebo, Nagasaki 859-3298, Japan;
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Lauberte L, Ponomarenko J, Arshanitsa A. Screening method for chromatographic analysis of diarylheptanoids in alder bark extracts. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 214:114727. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.114727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Coronavirus enzyme inhibitors-experimentally proven natural compounds from plants. J Microbiol 2022; 60:347-354. [PMID: 35089586 PMCID: PMC8795716 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-022-1499-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) can cause critical conditions that require efficient therapeutics. Several medicines are derived from plants, and researchers are seeking natural compounds to ameliorate the symptoms of COVID-19. Viral enzymes are popular targets of antiviral medicines; the genome of coronaviruses encodes several enzymes, including RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and viral proteases. Various screening systems have been developed to identify potential inhibitors. In this review, we describe the natural compounds that have been shown to exert inhibitory effects on coronavirus enzymes. Although computer-aided molecular structural studies have predicted several antiviral compound candidates, the current review focuses on experimentally proven natural compounds.
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Lauberts M, Pals M. Antioxidant Activity of Different Extracts from Black Alder ( Alnus glutinosa) Bark with Greener Extraction Alternative. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10112531. [PMID: 34834894 PMCID: PMC8621986 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Phenolic compounds isolated from plant biomass consist of bioactive components showing a wide range of benefits for humans, including antioxidant, antimicrobial or anti-inflammatory effects. This paper presents the potential value of black alder (Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn. (Betulaceae)) bark for the production of biologically active substances, despite its current use as a low value fuel source. Most of the extraction methods employ neat organic solvents to obtain extracts with a high antioxidant potential from biomass. The aim of this work is to show the advantages and disadvantages of the extraction process by taking into account the principles of 'green chemistry' and replacing the organic solvents with 'green' solvent water. Using the advantages of accelerated solvent extraction (ASE), it has been shown that the use of deionized water has the prospect of replacing organic solvents. In the case of the one-step water extraction, the total polyphenol content (TPC) varies from 0.55 to 0.62 Gallic acid equivalent (GAE) g/g in the extracts, depending on the temperature, whereas with the result of the sequential extraction with the organic solvents, the TPC content of the 40% (v:v) ethanol extracts ranges from 0.39 to 0.61 GAE g/g, depending on the temperature. The influence of the total polyphenol content and the total proanthocyanidin content on the antioxidant activity is shown. The antioxidant activity (IC50, mg/L) of the extracts obtained with the organic solvents in the (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) DPPH• test varies from 4.05 to 9.58, depending on the temperature in the range of 70-150 °C, respectively, while the results obtained with the deionized water showed promising results in the range of 6.33-7.36 in the temperature range of 70-150 °C, respectively. The extraction with the deionized water showed that approximately 90% of the substances in the extracts obtained with the organic solvents by sequential extraction are possible to obtain as deionized water extracts.
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Chen CY, Lien JC, Chen CY, Hung CC, Lin HC. Design, Synthesis and Evaluation of Novel Derivatives of Curcuminoids with Cytotoxicity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212171. [PMID: 34830055 PMCID: PMC8624111 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcumin and curcuminoids have been discussed frequently due to their promising functional groups (such as scaffolds of α,β-unsaturated β-diketone, α,β-unsaturated ketone and β′-hydroxy-α,β-unsaturated ketone connected with aromatic rings on both sides) that play an important role in various bioactivities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferation and anticancer activity. A series of novel curcuminoid derivatives (a total of 55 new compounds) and three reference compounds were synthesized with good yields using three-step organic synthesis. The anti-proliferative activities of curcumin derivatives were examined for six human cancer cell lines: HeLaS3, KBvin, MCF-7, HepG2, NCI-H460 and NCI-H460/MX20. Compared to the IC50 values of all the synthesized derivatives, most α,β-unsaturated ketones displayed potent anti-proliferative effects against all six human cancer cell lines, whereas β′-hydroxy-α,β-unsaturated ketones and α,β-unsaturated β-diketones presented moderate anti-proliferative effects. Two potent curcuminoid derivatives were found among all the novel derivatives and reference compounds: (E)-5-hydroxy-7-phenyl-1-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)hept-1-en-3-one (compound 3) and (1E,4E)-1,7-bis(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)hepta-1,4-dien-3-one (compound MD12a). These were selected for further analysis after the evaluation of their anti-proliferative effects against all human cancer cell lines. The results of apoptosis assays revealed that the number of dead cells was increased in early apoptosis and late apoptosis, while cell proliferation was also decreased after applying various concentrations of (E)-5-hydroxy-7-phenyl-1-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)hept-1-en-3-one (compound 3) and (1E,4E)-1,7-bis(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)hepta-1,4-dien-3-one (compound MD12a) to MCF-7 and HpeG2 cancer cells. Analysis of the gene expression arrays showed that three genes (GADD45B, SESN2 and BBC3) were correlated with the p53 pathway. From the quantitative PCR analysis, it was seen that (1E,4E)-1,7-bis(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)hepta-1,4-dien-3-one (compound MD12a) effectively induced the up-regulated expression of GADD45B, leading to the suppression of MCF-7 cancer cell formation and cell death. Molecular docking analysis was used to predict and sketch the interactions of the GADD45B-α,β-unsaturated ketone complex for help in drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Yin Chen
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No. 100, Sec. 1, Jingmao Road, Beitun Dist., Taichung 406040, Taiwan; (C.-Y.C.); (J.-C.L.); (C.-Y.C.)
| | - Jin-Cherng Lien
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No. 100, Sec. 1, Jingmao Road, Beitun Dist., Taichung 406040, Taiwan; (C.-Y.C.); (J.-C.L.); (C.-Y.C.)
| | - Chien-Yu Chen
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No. 100, Sec. 1, Jingmao Road, Beitun Dist., Taichung 406040, Taiwan; (C.-Y.C.); (J.-C.L.); (C.-Y.C.)
| | - Chin-Chuan Hung
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No. 100, Sec. 1, Jingmao Road, Beitun Dist., Taichung 406040, Taiwan; (C.-Y.C.); (J.-C.L.); (C.-Y.C.)
- Department of Pharmacy, China Medical University Hospital, 2 Yude Road, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-C.H.); (H.-C.L.)
| | - Hui-Chang Lin
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No. 100, Sec. 1, Jingmao Road, Beitun Dist., Taichung 406040, Taiwan; (C.-Y.C.); (J.-C.L.); (C.-Y.C.)
- Correspondence: (C.-C.H.); (H.-C.L.)
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HPLC Characterization of Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Potential of Alnus nitida (Spach) Endl. HORTICULTURAE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae7080232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Antioxidants isolated from plants have attracted the interest of clinicians and common people to be used for systemic uses rather than synthetic antioxidants because of their active role in maintaining human health with minimal side effects. Alnus nitida (Spach) Endl. is an important medicinal plant native to western Himalaya and is widely distributed throughout Pakistan. The present study evaluates the phytochemical composition of this plant using HPLC along with the total content of phenolics and flavonoids. The antioxidant activities were determined following the Brand William assay. The methanolic extract (Met. Ext) of leaves, stem bark, seeds, and roots of A. nitida were used to scavenge synthetic free radicals such as DPPH and ABTS. From HPLC fingerprinting of the A. nitida selected portion, six possible phytochemicals were confirmed. Among the identified phytochemicals, there are six compounds (malic acid, chlorogenic acid, epigallocatechin gallate, quercetin, ellagic acid and pyrogallol) in the leaves of A. nitida, three (epigallocatechin gallate, ellagic acid, and pyrogallol) in the stem bark, six in the seeds (malic acid, vitamin C, epigallocatechin gallate, quercetin, ellagic acid, and pyrogallol), and five (malic acid, epigallocatechin gallate, quercetin, and ellagic acid) in root. Comparatively, the highest antioxidant potentials were recorded for the leaves extract (IC50 of 340 and 645 µg/mL against DPPH and ABTS, respectively). The percentages of inhibition were compared with the positive control ascorbic acid, which produced an IC50 value of 60 μg/mL each against the free radicals DPPH and ABTS. The highest phenolics (43.81 mg GAE/g sample) were found in the roots, while the highest flavonoid contents (53.25 mg QE/g sample) were in the leaves. It was assumed that observed antioxidant potentials of the tested plant might be due to their phytochemicals confirmed through HPLC, and thus, this plant may be a valuable candidate in treating oxidative stress and related disorders. However, further investigations are needed to isolate responsible components in pure from. Furthermore, toxicological effects in in vivo animal models are also needed to confirm the results observed in this study.
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Chemical constituents from Alnus mandshurica (Callier) Hand.-Mazz. and their chemotaxonomic significance. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2021.104299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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16
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Mushkina V. Effect of wound healing in gels containing tinctures of Alnus glutinosa (L) leaves. CLINICAL PHYTOSCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s40816-021-00299-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Alnus glutinosa (L) is a widespread medicinal plant on the territory of the Republic of Belarus. Alnus glutinosa (L) leaves tincture has an anti-inflammatory effect on the diseases of the throat, intestines, in rheumatism and gout. Water extracts from collective fruit, leaves and bark are used for gargling in stomatitis and gum bleeding. The purpose of the research was to establish wound healing activity of gels based on alcohol extracts from Alnus glutinosa (L) leaves on the model of a surface full flap skin wound on laboratory animals.
Methods
Regenerating action of new drugs (gels) based on tinctures of Alnus glutinosa (L) leaves was studied on a model of planar full-layer skin wound in laboratory animals. Wounds were treated daily with gels applied to complete healing. The wound area was measured planometrically to assess the effectiveness of drugs and then the percentage of area reduction was calculated. Regenerative action of the gels developed was compared to widely used in medical practice 4% Dexpanthenol Gel and Reparef-2 Ointment. 15 g of Reparef-2 Ointment contains 1200 mg of bien and 75 mg of dioxidine.
Results
Wound healing activity of gels containing tinctures of Alnus glutinosa (L) leaves based on 30% and 60% alcohol as to the rate of healing and the area of wounds epithelialization has been proved. Wound area treated with the gel based on Alnus glutinosa (L) extract containing 60% alcohol on day 13 of the experiment decreased by 95.59% ± 0.9% (p ≤ 0.05); based on the tincture containing 30% alcohol - by 92.93% ± 1.11%. Medicinal preparations with proved wound healing activity were compared: Reparef-2 Ointment (reduction percentage of wound area on day 13 of the experiment made 92.24% ± 2.21%) and Dexpanthenol Gel (reduction percentage of wound area on day 13 of the experiment made 83.09% ± 3.41%).
Compared with the control group the gel based on 60% tincture of Alnus glutinosa (L) leaves showed a decrease in the epithelialization period by 29.5%; based on 30% tincture - by 24.6%; Reparef-2 Ointment - by 23.6% and Dexpanthenol Gel - by 13.8%.
Conclusions
The results of this study showed that the developed gels based on Alnus glutinosa (L) have a regenerating action and can be used to treat wound processes taking into account previously established antimicrobial activity.
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Lea CS, Simhadri C, Bradbury SG, Wulff JE, Constabel CP. Efficient purification of the diarylheptanoid oregonin from red alder (Alnus rubra) leaves and bark combining aqueous extraction, spray drying and flash-chromatography. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2021; 32:554-561. [PMID: 33094496 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The diarylheptanoid xyloside oregonin ((5S)-1,7-bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5-(β-d-xylopyranosyloxy)-heptan-3-one) has significant medicinal potential and is found at high concentration in leaves and bark of red alder (Alnus rubra). OBJECTIVES To establish inexpensive and easily scaled methods for the extraction and purification of oregonin from timber by-products. METHODS We developed a method combining aqueous extraction with spray drying of red alder extract into a powder, thus reducing the need for organic solvents used in traditional Soxhlet extraction or in solvent partitioning. Flash chromatography was utilised to purify oregonin from crude spray-dried alder extract. RESULTS Crude spray-dried alder extract was comprised of an average of 9% of the diarylheptanoid compound oregonin. Less than 10% thermal degradation of oregonin was observed using extraction temperatures between 25°C and 50°C, followed by spray drying. The structure of purified oregonin was validated using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), mass spectrometry (MS), ultraviolet spectroscopy (UV), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). CONCLUSION The developed method was robust, repeatable, and yielded purified oregonin of greater than > 95% purity (average of 95.8%). Our analysis represents the most complete NMR characterisation of oregonin reported to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen S Lea
- Department of Biology and Centre for Forest Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, B.C., Canada
- Ecosafe Natural Products Inc, Saanichton, B.C, Canada
| | | | | | - Jeremy E Wulff
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, B.C, Canada
| | - C Peter Constabel
- Department of Biology and Centre for Forest Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, B.C., Canada
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Kulyal P, Acharya S, Ankari AB, Kokkiripati PK, Tetali SD, Raghavendra AS. Variable Secondary Metabolite Profiles Across Cultivars of Curcuma longa L. and C. aromatica Salisb. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:659546. [PMID: 34276362 PMCID: PMC8278146 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.659546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background:Curcuma spp. (Zingiberaceae) are used as a spice and coloring agent. Their rhizomes and essential oils are known for medicinal properties, besides their use in the flavoring and cosmetic industry. Most of these biological activities were attributed to volatile and nonvolatile secondary metabolites present in the rhizomes of Curcuma spp. The metabolite variations among the species and even cultivars need to be established for optimized use of Curcuma spp. Objectives: We compared the phytochemical profiles of rhizomes and their essential oils to establish the variability among seven cultivars: five of Curcuma longa L. (Alleppey Supreme, Duggirala Red, Prathibha, Salem, Suguna) and two of C. aromatica Salisb. (Kasturi Araku, Kasturi Avidi). The GC-MS and LC-MS-based analyses were employed to profile secondary metabolites of these selected cultivars. Methods: Rhizomes of Curcuma spp. were subjected to hydro-distillation to collect essential oil and analyzed by GC-MS. The methanol extracts of fresh rhizomes were subjected to LC-MS analyses. The compounds were identified by using the relevant MS library databases as many compounds as possible. Results: The essential oil content of the cultivars was in the range of 0.74–1.62%. Several compounds were detected from the essential oils and rhizome extracts by GC-MS and LC-MS, respectively. Of these, 28 compounds (13 from GCMS and 15 from LCMS) were common in all seven cultivars, e.g., α-thujene, and diarylheptanoids like curcumin. Furthermore, a total of 39 new compounds were identified from C. longa L. and/or C. aromatica Salisb., most of them being cultivar-specific. Of these compounds, 35 were detected by GC-MS analyses of essential oils, 1,2-cyclohexanediol, 1-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-, and santolina alcohol, to name a few. The other four compounds were detected by LC-MS of the methanolic extracts of the rhizomes, e.g., kaempferol-3,7-O-dimethyl ether and 5,7,8-trihydroxy-2′,5′-dimethoxy-3′,4′-methylene dioxyisoflavanone. Conclusions: We identified and recorded the variability in the metabolite profiles of essential oils and whole rhizome extracts from the seven cultivars of Curcuma longa L. and C. aromatica Salisb. As many as 39 new metabolites were detected in these seven Indian cultivars of Curcuma spp. Many of these compounds have health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Kulyal
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Satyabrata Acharya
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Aditya B Ankari
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Praveen K Kokkiripati
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Sarada D Tetali
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Agepati S Raghavendra
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
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Baicalein 5,6-Dimethyl Ether Prevents Memory Deficits in the Scopolamine Zebrafish Model by Regulating Cholinergic and Antioxidant Systems. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10061245. [PMID: 34207381 PMCID: PMC8233988 DOI: 10.3390/plants10061245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Baicalein 5,6-dimethyl ether, a bioactive flavonoid isolated for the first time from Alnus rugosa, was explored for its capability to relieve memory deficits and decrease oxidative stress. We examined the neuropharmacological effects of baicalein 5,6-dimethyl ether on scopolamine (Sco)-induced zebrafish (Danio rerio) anxiety, amnesia, and brain oxidative stress and attempted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Anxiety-like behavior, exploratory behavior, and memory performance were measured using novel tank-diving test (NTT), Y-maze, and novel object recognition (NOR) tests. For 10 days, baicalein 5,6-dimethyl ether (1, 3, and 5 µg/L) was administered through immersion, whereas Sco (100 μM) was delivered 30 min before behavioral tests. Treatment with baicalein 5,6-dimethyl ether reduced anxiety and memory impairment, and increased exploratory behavior in specific tests, along with significant protection from neuronal oxidative stress in the brain tissue of Sco-treated zebrafish. Antioxidant and anti-acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities of baicalein 5,6-dimethyl ether in the Sco-induced zebrafish were further confirmed using in vivo assays. In Sco-treated zebrafish, baicalein 5,6-dimethyl ether regulated cholinergic function by inhibiting AChE activity. Baicalein 5,6-dimethyl ether may be a promising candidate compound for treating anxiety and amnesia by restoring cholinergic activity and reducing brain oxidative stress, according to our findings.
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Factors Affecting Foliar Oregonin and Condensed Tannin in Red Alder (Alnus rubra Bong.): Phytochemicals Implicated In Defense Against Western Tent Caterpillar (Malacosoma californicum Packard). J Chem Ecol 2021; 47:680-688. [PMID: 34101117 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-021-01283-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Past work shows a significant negative correlation between foliar oregonin concentration and western tent caterpillar (Malacosoma californicum Packard) feeding on red alder (Alnus rubra Bong.). Above an oregonin threshold of 20% leaf dry weight, little feeding by caterpillars is observed. Concentrations of defensive chemicals are influenced by plant genotype, environmental conditions, insect feeding, and the interactions of these factors. Our objective was to measure the effects of nitrogen (N) availability and wounding on foliar oregonin and condensed tannin concentrations in red alder genotypes. One-year-old seedlings from 100 half-sib red alder families were treated with two levels of ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) for two growing seasons in a common garden. In the second year, leaves from 50 families from the fertilization experiment were used in a bioassay feeding experiment to determine the effects of N fertilization and genotype on WTC damage, and to identify a subset of 20 families with a range of damage to analyze for phytochemical composition. In separate experiments, wound-induction treatments were conducted outdoors and, in a greenhouse using the N treated trees in their third and fourth year, respectively. Foliar condensed tannin, oregonin and N concentrations were measured and ranked among the plant genotypes, and between the two N treatments and two wounding treatments. Results showed that oregonin and condensed tannin concentrations varied among the alder genotypes. Leaf N concentration was negatively correlated with concentration of oregonin. Neither of the measured phenolic compounds responded to wounding. The results suggest that red alder foliar oregonin and condensed tannin are likely constitutive defenses that are largely determined by genotype, and that the negative correlation of defense compounds with plant internal N status holds in this N-fixing tree.
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PlatyphyllenoneExerts Anti-Metastatic Effects on Human Oral Cancer Cells by Modulating Cathepsin L Expression, MAPK Pathway and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22095012. [PMID: 34065077 PMCID: PMC8125947 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22095012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced-stage oral cancers with lymph node metastasis are associated with poor prognosis and a high mortality rate. Although recent advancement in cancer treatment has effectively improved the oral cancer prognosis, the majority of therapeutic interventions are highly expensive and are associated with severe sideeffects. In the present study, we studied the efficacy of a diarylheptanoid derivative, platyphyllenone, in modulating the metastatic potential of human oral cancer cells. Specifically, we treated the human oral cancer cells (FaDu, Ca9-22, and HSC3) with different concentrations of platyphyllenone and measured the cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. The study findings revealed that platyphyllenonesignificantly inhibited the motility, migration, and invasion of human oral cancer cells. Mechanistically, platyphyllenone reduced p38 phosphorylation, decreased β-catenin and Slug, increased E-cadherin expression, and reduced cathepsin L expression, which collectively led to a reduction in cancer cell migration and invasion. Taken together, our study indicates that platyphyllenone exerts significant anti-metastatic effects on oral cancer cells by modulating cathepsin L expression, the MAPK signaling pathway, and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition process.
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In Vitro Screening of East Asian Plant Extracts for Potential Use in Reducing Ruminal Methane Production. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11041020. [PMID: 33916571 PMCID: PMC8066825 DOI: 10.3390/ani11041020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Indiscriminate use of antibiotics can result in antibiotic residues in animal products; thus, plant compounds may be better alternative sources for mitigating methane (CH4) production. An in vitro screening experiment was conducted to evaluate the potential application of 152 dry methanolic or ethanolic extracts from 137 plant species distributed in East Asian countries as anti-methanogenic additives in ruminant feed. The experimental material consisted of 200 mg total mixed ration, 20 mg plant extract, and 30 mL diluted ruminal fluid-buffer mixture in 60 mL serum bottles that were sealed with rubber stoppers and incubated at 39 °C for 24 h. Among the tested extracts, eight extracts decreased CH4 production by >20%, compared to the corresponding controls: stems of Vitex negundo var. incisa, stems of Amelanchier asiatica, fruit of Reynoutria sachalinensis, seeds of Tribulus terrestris, seeds of Pharbitis nil, leaves of Alnus japonica, stem and bark of Carpinus tschonoskii, and stems of Acer truncatum. A confirmation assay of the eight plant extracts at a dosage of 10 mg with four replications repeated on 3 different days revealed that the extracts decreased CH4 concentration in the total gas (7-15%) and total CH4 production (17-37%), compared to the control. This is the first report to identify the anti-methanogenic activities of eight potential plant extracts. All extracts decreased ammonia (NH3-N) concentrations. Negative effects on total gas and volatile fatty acid (VFA) production were also noted for all extracts that were rich in hydrolysable tannins and total saponins or fatty acids. The underlying modes of action differed among plants: extracts from P. nil, V. negundo var. incisa, A. asiatica, and R. sachalinensis resulted in a decrease in total methanogen or the protozoan population (p < 0.05) but extracts from other plants did not. Furthermore, extracts from P. nil decreased the population of total protozoa and increased the proportion of propionate among VFAs (p < 0.05). Identifying bioactive compounds in seeds of P. nil by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis revealed enrichment of linoleic acid (18:2). Overall, seeds of P. nil could be a possible alternative to ionophores or oil seeds to mitigate ruminal CH4 production.
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Vanucci-Bacqué C, Bedos-Belval F. Anti-inflammatory activity of naturally occuring diarylheptanoids - A review. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 31:115971. [PMID: 33422907 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation involving the innate and adaptive immune systems is a normal response to infection. However, if it becomes uncontrolled, inflammation may result in autoimmune or auto inflammatory disorders, neurodegenerative diseases or cancers. The currently available anti-inflammatory drug therapy is often not successful or induces severe side effects. Thus, the search of new therapeutic options for the treatment of inflammation is highly required. Medicinal plants have been an interesting source for obtaining new active compounds. Diarylheptanoids characterized by a 1, 7-diphenylheptane structural skeleton, are a class of secondary plant metabolites that have gained increasing interest over the last few decades due to a wide variety of biological activities. This review covers 182 natural linear or macrocyclic diarylheptanoids described in the period of 1982 to 2020 with anti-inflammatory activities evaluated using quantified in vitro and/or in vivo assays. All of these data highlight the pharmacological potential of these natural compounds to act as anti-inflammatory drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne Vanucci-Bacqué
- Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse III, UMR 5068, Laboratoire de Synthèse et Physicochimie des Molécules d'Intérêt Biologique, 118 Route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse Cedex 9, France; CNRS, UMR 5068, Laboratoire de Synthèse et Physicochimie des Molécules d'Intérêt Biologique, 118 Route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - Florence Bedos-Belval
- Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse III, UMR 5068, Laboratoire de Synthèse et Physicochimie des Molécules d'Intérêt Biologique, 118 Route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse Cedex 9, France; CNRS, UMR 5068, Laboratoire de Synthèse et Physicochimie des Molécules d'Intérêt Biologique, 118 Route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse Cedex 9, France.
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Anti-Herbivore Activity of Oregonin, a Diarylheptanoid Found in Leaves and Bark of Red Alder (Alnus rubra). J Chem Ecol 2021; 47:215-226. [PMID: 33475940 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-021-01244-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Plants synthesize a wide range of bioactive secondary metabolites to defend against pests and pathogens. Red alder (Alnus rubra) bark, root, and leaf extract have a long history of use in traditional medicine and hygiene. Diarylheptanoids, especially oregonin ((5S)-1,7-bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5-(β-D-xylopyranosyloxy)-heptan-3-one), have been identified as major bioactive constituents. Diarylheptanoids have become a focus of research following reports of their antioxidant, antifungal, and anti-cancer activities. Recent data suggest that high oregonin concentration is associated with resistance of red alder leaves to western tent caterpillar (Malacosoma californicum) defoliation. Here we test effects of this compound directly on leaf-eating insects. Purified oregonin was examined in insect choice and toxicity tests using lepidopteran caterpillars. The compound exhibited significant anti-feedant activity against cabbage looper (Trichoplusia ni), white-marked tussock moth (Orgyia leucostigma), fall webworm (Hyphantria cunea), and M. californicum at concentrations corresponding to oregonin content of the most resistant alder clones in previous experiments. Toxicity tests were carried out with cabbage looper larvae only, but no contact or ingested toxicity was detected. Our results suggest that oregonin at levels found in red alder leaves early in the growing season may contribute to protecting red alder from leaf-eating insects.
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Valletta A, Iozia LM, Leonelli F. Impact of Environmental Factors on Stilbene Biosynthesis. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:E90. [PMID: 33406721 PMCID: PMC7823792 DOI: 10.3390/plants10010090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Stilbenes are a small family of polyphenolic secondary metabolites that can be found in several distantly related plant species. These compounds act as phytoalexins, playing a crucial role in plant defense against phytopathogens, as well as being involved in the adaptation of plants to abiotic environmental factors. Among stilbenes, trans-resveratrol is certainly the most popular and extensively studied for its health properties. In recent years, an increasing number of stilbene compounds were subjected to investigations concerning their bioactivity. This review presents the most updated knowledge of the stilbene biosynthetic pathway, also focusing on the role of several environmental factors in eliciting stilbenes biosynthesis. The effects of ultraviolet radiation, visible light, ultrasonication, mechanical stress, salt stress, drought, temperature, ozone, and biotic stress are reviewed in the context of enhancing stilbene biosynthesis, both in planta and in plant cell and organ cultures. This knowledge may shed some light on stilbene biological roles and represents a useful tool to increase the accumulation of these valuable compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Valletta
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Lorenzo Maria Iozia
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Francesca Leonelli
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy;
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Kim J, Pälijärvi M, Karonen M, Salminen JP. Distribution of enzymatic and alkaline oxidative activities of phenolic compounds in plants. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2020; 179:112501. [PMID: 32877871 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we screened 287 plant tissue samples from 175 plant species for their phenolic profiles. The samples were oxidized enzymatically in planta or at high pH in vitro to determine how these two oxidative conditions would alter the initial polyphenol profiles of the plant. Compounds that contained a pyrogallol or dihydroxyphenethyl group were highly active at pH 10. Enzymatic oxidation favored compounds that contained a catechol group, whereas compounds containing a pyrogallol group or monohydroxysubstituted phenolic moieties at most were oxidized less frequently. This study gives a broad overview of the distribution and alkaline oxidative activities of water-soluble phenolic compounds in plants as well as the enzymatic oxidative activities of various plant tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorma Kim
- Natural Chemistry Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland.
| | - Maija Pälijärvi
- Natural Chemistry Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland.
| | - Maarit Karonen
- Natural Chemistry Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland.
| | - Juha-Pekka Salminen
- Natural Chemistry Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland.
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27
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Lee H, Jeong JH, Ryu JH. Lignan from Alnus japonica Inhibits Adipocyte Differentiation via Cell Cycle and FOXO1 Regulation. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25153346. [PMID: 32717959 PMCID: PMC7435632 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25153346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we isolated a lignan ((-)-(2R,3R)-1,4-O-diferuloylsecoisolariciresinol, DFS) from Alnus japonica and evaluated its antiobesity potential in vitro. We also determined its mechanism of action in a mouse pre-adipocyte 3T3-L1 cell line. DFS dose- and day-dependently inhibited adipogenesis by downregulation of adipogenic factors and lipid metabolism-regulating factors during adipocyte differentiation. In particular, DFS suppressed cell cycle-regulating factors and induced G0/G1 cell cycle arrest, implying that it had an inhibitory effect on mitotic clonal expansion which occurred at an early stage of adipogenesis. DFS also suppressed adipogenesis through decreasing Akt phosphorylation and increasing the level of Forkhead box protein-O1 (FOXO1). These results suggest that DFS may be a pharmacological candidate for the development of antiobesity, therapeutic, and nutraceutical products.
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Kang KB, Woo S, Ernst M, van der Hooft JJJ, Nothias LF, da Silva RR, Dorrestein PC, Sung SH, Lee M. Assessing specialized metabolite diversity of Alnus species by a digitized LC-MS/MS data analysis workflow. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2020; 173:112292. [PMID: 32062198 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Alnus spp. (Betulaceae) have been used for treatments of hemorrhage, burn injuries, antipyretic fever, diarrhea, and alcoholism in traditional medicines. In this study, a digitized LC-MS/MS data analysis workflow was applied to provide an overview on chemical diversity of 15 Alnus extracts prepared from bark, twigs, leaves, and fruits of A. japonica, A. firma, A. hirsuta, and A. hirsuta var. sibirica. Most of the MS/MS spectra could be putatively annotated based on library matching, in silico fragmentation, and substructural topic modeling. The putative annotation allowed us to discriminate the extracts into three chemotypes based on dominant chemical scaffolds: diarylheptanoids, flavonoids or tannins. This high-throughput chemical annotation was correlated with α-glucosidase inhibition data of extracts, and it allowed us to identify gallic acid as the major active compound of A. firma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyo Bin Kang
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Sunmin Woo
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Madeleine Ernst
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Center for Newborn Screening, Department of Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Justin J J van der Hooft
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Bioinformatics Group, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Louis-Félix Nothias
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ricardo R da Silva
- NPPNS, Physic and Chemistry Department, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Pieter C Dorrestein
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sang Hyun Sung
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mina Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, Republic of Korea.
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Ryu M, Sung CK, Im YJ, Chun C. Activation of JNK and p38 in MCF-7 Cells and the In Vitro Anticancer Activity of Alnus hirsuta Extract. Molecules 2020; 25:E1073. [PMID: 32121012 PMCID: PMC7179116 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25051073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
JNK and p38 are important mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) that respond to stress stimuli. The stress-activated MAPKs associated with apoptotic cell death play vital roles in mammalian cells. Alnus hirsuta, which contains abundant diarylheptanoids derivatives, is a valuable medicinal plant. The CHCl3 extract (AHC) containing platyphyllenone (1) and platyphyllone (3) as main compounds showed in vitro anticancer effects. We report the biological activities of A. hirsuta extract associated with the regulation of apoptosis and JNK and p38 in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Levels of phospho-JNK and phospho-p38 by AHC treatment were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). ROS production, apoptotic effect, and DNA contents of the cells were measured by flow cytometry. The two diarylheptanoids 1 and 3 and the AHC extract exhibited cytotoxic effects on MCF-7 cells in MTT assay, with IC50 values of 18.1, 46.9, 260.0 μg/mL, respectively. AHC induced ROS generation and elevated the endogenous levels of phospho-JNK and phospho-p38. AHC resulted in apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. We suggest that the antitumor effect of A. hirsuta extract is achieved by apoptosis promotion and cell cycle arrest mediated by the activation of JNK and p38 signaling pathway via ROS generation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Young Jun Im
- College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (M.R.); (C.K.S.)
| | - ChangJu Chun
- College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (M.R.); (C.K.S.)
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Lee S, Oh DG, Singh D, Lee HJ, Kim GR, Lee S, Lee JS, Lee CH. Untargeted Metabolomics Toward Systematic Characterization of Antioxidant Compounds in Betulaceae Family Plant Extracts. Metabolites 2019; 9:metabo9090186. [PMID: 31527409 PMCID: PMC6780370 DOI: 10.3390/metabo9090186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant species have traditionally been revered for their unparalleled pharmacognostic applications. We outline a non-iterative multi-parallel metabolomic-cum-bioassay-guided methodology toward the functional characterization of ethanol extracts from the Betulaceae family plants (n = 10). We performed mass spectrometry (MS)-based multivariate analyses and bioassay-guided (ABTS antioxidant activity and cytoprotective effects against H2O2-induced cell damage) analyses of SPE fractions. A clearly distinct metabolomic pattern coupled with significantly higher bioactivities was observed for 40% methanol SPE eluate. Further, the 40% SPE eluate was subjected to preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (prep-HPLC) analysis, yielding 72 sub-fractions (1 min−1), with the highest antioxidant activities observed for the 15 min and 31 min sub-fractions. We simultaneously performed hyphenated-MS-based metabolite characterization of bioactive components for both the 40% methanol SPE fraction and its prep-HPLC sub-fraction (15 min and 31 min). Altogether, 19 candidate metabolites were mainly observed to contribute toward the observed bioactivities. In particular, ethyl gallate was mainly observed to affect the antioxidant activities of SPE and prep-HPLC fractions of Alnus firma extracts. We propose an integrated metabolomic-cum-bioassay-guided approach for the expeditious selection and characterization of discriminant metabolites with desired phenotypes or bioactivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunmin Lee
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Dong-Gu Oh
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Digar Singh
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Hye Jin Lee
- Department of Biological Resources Utilization, National Institute of Biological Resources, Environmental Research Complex, Incheon 22755, Korea.
| | - Ga Ryun Kim
- Department of Biological Resources Utilization, National Institute of Biological Resources, Environmental Research Complex, Incheon 22755, Korea.
| | - Sarah Lee
- Department of Biological Resources Utilization, National Institute of Biological Resources, Environmental Research Complex, Incheon 22755, Korea.
| | - Jong Seok Lee
- Department of Biological Resources Utilization, National Institute of Biological Resources, Environmental Research Complex, Incheon 22755, Korea.
| | - Choong Hwan Lee
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
- Research Institute for Bioactive-Metabolome Network, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
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31
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Smeriglio A, D'Angelo V, Denaro M, Trombetta D, Raimondo FM, Germanò MP. Polyphenol Characterization, Antioxidant and Skin Whitening Properties of Alnus cordata Stem Bark. Chem Biodivers 2019; 16:e1900314. [PMID: 31397975 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201900314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the phenolic composition of the crude extract (MeOH 80 %) of Alnus cordata (Loisel.) Duby stem bark (ACE) and its antioxidant and skin whitening properties. RP-LC-DAD analysis showed a high content of hydroxycinnamic acids (47.64 %), flavanones (26.74 %) and diarylheptanoids (17.69 %). Furthermore, ACE exhibited a dose-dependent antioxidant and free-radical scavenging activity, expressed as half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50 ): Oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC, IC50 1.78 μg mL-1 )>Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC, IC50 3.47 μg mL-1 )>2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH, IC50 5.83 μg mL-1 )>β-carotene bleaching (IC50 11.58 μg mL-1 )>Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP, IC50 17.28 μg mL-1 ). Moreover, ACE was able to inhibit in vitro tyrosinase activity (IC50 77.44 μg mL-1 ), l-DOPA auto-oxidation (IC50 39.58 μg mL-1 ) and in an in vivo model it exhibited bleaching effects on the pigmentation of zebrafish embryos (72 h post fertilization) without affecting their development and survival. In conclusion, results show that A. cordata stem bark may be considered a potential source of agents for the treatment of skin disorders due to its bleaching properties and favorable safety profiles, associated to a good antioxidant power.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Smeriglio
- Foundation Prof. Antonio Imbesi, University of Messina, P.zza Pugliatti 1, 98122, Messina, Italy.,Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Via Giovanni Palatucci, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Valeria D'Angelo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Via Giovanni Palatucci, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Marcella Denaro
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Via Giovanni Palatucci, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Domenico Trombetta
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Via Giovanni Palatucci, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Francesco Maria Raimondo
- Department STEBICEF/Section of Botany and Plant Ecology, University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 38, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria Paola Germanò
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Via Giovanni Palatucci, 98168, Messina, Italy
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32
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Chinsembu KC. Chemical diversity and activity profiles of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitors from plants. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA-BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOGNOSY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjp.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Ganapathy G, Preethi R, Moses J, Anandharamakrishnan C. Diarylheptanoids as nutraceutical: A review. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 19:101109. [PMID: 32288931 PMCID: PMC7102868 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2019.101109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Phenolic compounds are naturally occurring compounds present ubiquitously in plants. They have potential health benefits and substantiate evidence for their nutraceutical applications. Diarylheptanoids are part of the broad class of plant phenolics with structurally divergent compounds. They have been used in traditional medicines and homemade remedies to treat various ailments, as organoleptic additives in foods, and also for aesthetic purposes. With their potential therapeutic and organoleptic characteristics, diarylhepatanoids can be rightly termed as nutraceuticals. This review summarizes the wide range of pharmacological activities of diarylhepatanoids and nutraceutical formulations, with relevance to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Ganapathy
- Computational modeling and Nanoscale Processing Unit, Indian Institute of Food Processing Technology, Thanjavur 613005, India
| | - R. Preethi
- Computational modeling and Nanoscale Processing Unit, Indian Institute of Food Processing Technology, Thanjavur 613005, India
| | - J.A. Moses
- Computational modeling and Nanoscale Processing Unit, Indian Institute of Food Processing Technology, Thanjavur 613005, India
| | - C. Anandharamakrishnan
- Computational modeling and Nanoscale Processing Unit, Indian Institute of Food Processing Technology, Thanjavur 613005, India
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34
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Lagzian M, Qasemi A, Kaviani P, Mohammadi M. Identification of new promising plant-based lead compounds for inhibition of prokaryotic replicative DNA polymerases: combination of in silico and in vitro studies. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2018; 37:4222-4237. [PMID: 30526389 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2018.1545701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Emerging widespread bacterial resistance to current antibiotics with traditional targets is one of the major global concerns. Therefore, so many investigations are exploring the potential of other druggable macromolecules of bacteria such as replication machinery components that are not addressed by previous antibiotics. DNA polymerase is the major part of this machine. However, a few studies have been done on it so far. In this respect, we report the discovery of four new plant-based leads against DNA polymerase (pol) IIIC (three leads) and pol IIIE (one lead) of Gram-positive and negative bacteria by combining a sequentially constrained high-throughput virtual screenings on Traditional Chinese Medicine Database with in vitro assays. The compounds displayed relatively good levels of inhibitory effect. They were active against their designated targets at micromolar concentrations. The IC50 values for them are ranged from 25 to 111 μM. In addition, they showed minimum inhibitory concentrations in the range of 8-128 μg/mL against five representatives of pathogenic bacteria species. However, they were inactive against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Given these results, these leads hold promise for future modification and optimization to be more effective in lower concentrations and also against most of the important bacterial species. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Lagzian
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Sistan and Baluchestan , Zahedan , Iran
| | - Ali Qasemi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Sistan and Baluchestan , Zahedan , Iran
| | - Pegah Kaviani
- Department of Biology, University of Skövde , Skövde , Sweden
| | - Malihe Mohammadi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Sistan and Baluchestan , Zahedan , Iran
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35
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Ribeiro-Barros AI, Catarino S, Moura I, Ramalho JC, Romeiras MM, Ghodhbane-Gtari F. Actinorhizal trees and shrubs from Africa: distribution, conservation and uses. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2018; 112:31-46. [PMID: 30315373 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-018-1174-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Actinorhizal plants are a group of perennial dicotyledonous angiosperms, comprised of more than 200 species, most of which can establish root-nodule symbiosis with the nitrogen fixing actinobacteria of the genus Frankia. They are key providers of fundamental goods and services and can give a major contribution to mitigate the combined effects of climate changes, human population growth and loss of biodiversity. This aspect is particularly relevant for the developing economies of many African countries, which are highly exposed to climate and anthropogenic disturbances. In this work we have analyzed the distribution, conservation and uses of actinorhizal species native to or introduced in Africa. A total of 42 taxa distributed over six botanical families (Betulaceae, Casuarinaceae, Myricaceae, Elaeagnaceae, Rhamnaceae and Coriariaceae) were identified. The vast majority is able to thrive under a range of diverse environments and has multiple ecological and economic potential. More than half of the identified species belong to the genus Morella (Myricaceae), most of them native to Middle, Eastern and Southern Africa. Although the information about the conservation status and uses of Morella spp. is largely incomplete, the available data is indicative of their potential in e.g. forestry and agroforestry, food and medicine. Therefore, efforts should be made to upgrade actinorhizal research in Africa towards the sustainable use of biodiversity at the service of local (bio)economies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana I Ribeiro-Barros
- Plant-Environment Interactions and Biodiversity Lab (PlantStress&Biodiversity), Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food (LEAF), Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal. .,GeoBioTec, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia (FCT), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa (UNL), Monte de Caparica, Portugal.
| | - Sílvia Catarino
- Plant-Environment Interactions and Biodiversity Lab (PlantStress&Biodiversity), Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food (LEAF), Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Isabel Moura
- Plant-Environment Interactions and Biodiversity Lab (PlantStress&Biodiversity), Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food (LEAF), Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - José C Ramalho
- Plant-Environment Interactions and Biodiversity Lab (PlantStress&Biodiversity), Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food (LEAF), Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,GeoBioTec, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia (FCT), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa (UNL), Monte de Caparica, Portugal
| | - Maria M Romeiras
- Plant-Environment Interactions and Biodiversity Lab (PlantStress&Biodiversity), Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food (LEAF), Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Faten Ghodhbane-Gtari
- Laboratoire Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia.,ISBST, Université La Manouba, Manouba, Tunisia
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Choi SI, Lee JS, Lee S, Lee JH, Yang HS, Yeo J, Kim JY, Lee BY, Kang IJ, Lee OH. Radical scavenging-linked anti-adipogenic activity of Alnus firma extracts. Int J Mol Med 2017; 41:119-128. [PMID: 29115568 PMCID: PMC5746329 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the antioxidant activity and anti-adipogenic effect of extracts from Alnus firma (A. firma), which is an edible plant that grows in mountainous areas. The total phenolic, flavonoid and anthocyanin content as well as the antioxidant activity of a 70% ethanolic extract of A. firma (AFE) was assessed. Furthermore, the effects of AFE on lipid accumulation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production during adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 cells were investigated. The results revealed that the total phenolic, flavonoid and pro-anthocyanidin content of AFE as 436.26±3.30 mg gallic acid equivalents/g, 73.82±0.54 mg quercetin equivalents/g and 149.25±6.06 mg catechin equivalents/g, respectively. In addition, AFE exerted significant antioxidant effects in terms of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl radical scavenging activity, 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothia-zoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical scavenging activity, reducing power, oxygen radical absorbance capacity and nitric oxide radical scavenging activity. As for its anti-adipogenic activity, AFE significantly inhibited ROS production and lipid accumulation during adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 cells compared with those in control cells. In addition, AFE regulated adipogenic transcription factors including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ, CCAAT/enhance-binding protein α and adipocyte protein 2. These results indicated that A. firma is a potential candidate for a functional food supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Il Choi
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Seok Lee
- National Institute of Biological Resource, Incheon 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - Sarah Lee
- National Institute of Biological Resource, Incheon 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Ha Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Sun Yang
- National Institute of Biological Resource, Incheon 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - Joohong Yeo
- National Institute of Biological Resource, Incheon 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Yea Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Boo-Yong Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, CHA University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Jun Kang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Ok-Hwan Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
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Ectomycorrhizal and endophytic fungi associated with Alnus glutinosa growing in a saline area of central Poland. Symbiosis 2017; 75:17-28. [PMID: 29674805 PMCID: PMC5899101 DOI: 10.1007/s13199-017-0512-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Alnus glutinosa (black alder) is a mycorrhizal pioneer tree species with tolerance to high concentrations of salt in the soil and can therefore be considered to be an important tree for the regeneration of forests areas devastated by excessive salt. However, there is still a lack of information about the ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF) associated with mature individuals of A. glutinosa growing in natural saline conditions. The main objective of this study was to test the effect of soil salinity and other physicochemical parameters on root tips colonized by EMF, as well as on the species richness and diversity of an EMF community associated with A. glutinosa growing in natural conditions. We identified a significant effect of soil salinity (expressed as electrical conductivity: ECe and EC1:5) on fungal taxa but not on the total level of EM fungal colonization on roots. Increasing soil salinity promoted dark-coloured EMF belonging to the order Thelephorales (Tomentella sp. and Thelephora sp.). These fungi are also commonly found in soils polluted with heavy-metal. The ability of these fungi to grow in contaminated soil may be due to the presence of melanine, a natural dark pigment and common wall component of the Thelephoraceae that is known to act as a protective interface between fungal metabolism and biotic and abiotic environmental stressors. Moreover, increased colonization of fungi belonging to the class of Leotiomycetes and Sordiomycetes, known as endophytic fungal species, was observed at the test sites, that contained a larger content of total phosphorus. This observation confirms the ability of commonly known endophytic fungi to form ectomycorrhizal structures on the roots of A. glutinosa under saline stress conditions.
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Ren X, He T, Chang Y, Zhao Y, Chen X, Bai S, Wang L, Shen M, She G. The Genus Alnus, A Comprehensive Outline of Its Chemical Constituents and Biological Activities. Molecules 2017; 22:E1383. [PMID: 28825681 PMCID: PMC6152317 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22081383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The genus Alnus (Betulaceae) is comprised of more than 40 species. Many species of this genus have a long history of use in folk medicines. Phytochemical investigations have revealed the presence of diarylheptanoids, polyphenols, flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids and other compounds. Diarylheptanoids, natural products with a 1,7-diphenylheptane structural skeleton, are the dominant constituents in the genus, whose anticancer effect has been brought into focus. Pure compounds and crude extracts from the genus exhibit a wide spectrum of pharmacological activities both in vitro and in vivo. This paper compiles 273 naturally occurring compounds from the genus Alnus along with their structures and pharmacological activities, as reported in 138 references.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyang Ren
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Ting He
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Yanli Chang
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Yicheng Zhao
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Xiaoyi Chen
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Shaojuan Bai
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Le Wang
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Meng Shen
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Gaimei She
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
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Anne-Emmanuelle H, Hasna B, Antoine B, Marjolaine R, Guillaume M, Laetitia CG, Gilles C, Aude HB. Control of Endophytic Frankia Sporulation by Alnus Nodule Metabolites. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2017; 30:205-214. [PMID: 28072559 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-11-16-0235-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A unique case of microbial symbiont capable of dormancy within its living host cells has been reported in actinorhizal symbioses. Some Frankia strains, named Sp+, are able to sporulate inside plant cells, contrarily to Sp- strains. The presence of metabolically slowed-down bacterial structures in host cells alters our understanding of symbiosis based on reciprocal benefits between both partners, and its impact on the symbiotic processes remains unknown. The present work reports a metabolomic study of Sp+ and Sp- nodules (from Alnus glutinosa), in order to highlight variabilities associated with in-planta sporulation. A total of 21 amino acids, 44 sugars and organic acids, and 213 secondary metabolites were detected using UV and mass spectrometric-based profiling. Little change was observed in primary metabolites, suggesting that in-planta sporulation would not strongly affect the primary functionalities of the symbiosis. One secondary metabolite (M27) was detected only in Sp+ nodules. It was identified as gentisic acid 5-O-β-d-xylopyranoside, previously reported as involved in plant defenses against microbial pathogens. This metabolite significantly increased Frankia in-vitro sporulation, unlike another metabolite significantly more abundant in Sp- nodules [M168 = (5R)-1,7-bis-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-heptane-5-O-β-d-glucopyranoside]. All these results suggest that the plant could play an important role in the Frankia ability to sporulate in planta and allow us to discuss a possible sanction emitted by the host against less cooperative Sp+ symbionts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hay Anne-Emmanuelle
- 1 PRES Université de Lyon, F-69361, Lyon, France and Université Lyon 1, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France; and
- 2 Laboratoire Ecologie Microbienne, UMR 5557 CNRS-Lyon1, Villeurbanne
| | - Boubakri Hasna
- 1 PRES Université de Lyon, F-69361, Lyon, France and Université Lyon 1, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France; and
- 2 Laboratoire Ecologie Microbienne, UMR 5557 CNRS-Lyon1, Villeurbanne
| | - Buonomo Antoine
- 1 PRES Université de Lyon, F-69361, Lyon, France and Université Lyon 1, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France; and
- 2 Laboratoire Ecologie Microbienne, UMR 5557 CNRS-Lyon1, Villeurbanne
| | - Rey Marjolaine
- 1 PRES Université de Lyon, F-69361, Lyon, France and Université Lyon 1, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France; and
- 2 Laboratoire Ecologie Microbienne, UMR 5557 CNRS-Lyon1, Villeurbanne
| | - Meiffren Guillaume
- 1 PRES Université de Lyon, F-69361, Lyon, France and Université Lyon 1, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France; and
- 2 Laboratoire Ecologie Microbienne, UMR 5557 CNRS-Lyon1, Villeurbanne
| | - Cotin-Galvan Laetitia
- 1 PRES Université de Lyon, F-69361, Lyon, France and Université Lyon 1, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France; and
- 2 Laboratoire Ecologie Microbienne, UMR 5557 CNRS-Lyon1, Villeurbanne
| | - Comte Gilles
- 1 PRES Université de Lyon, F-69361, Lyon, France and Université Lyon 1, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France; and
- 2 Laboratoire Ecologie Microbienne, UMR 5557 CNRS-Lyon1, Villeurbanne
| | - Herrera-Belaroussi Aude
- 1 PRES Université de Lyon, F-69361, Lyon, France and Université Lyon 1, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France; and
- 2 Laboratoire Ecologie Microbienne, UMR 5557 CNRS-Lyon1, Villeurbanne
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Vásquez C, Dávila M, Pomboza PP, Telenchana N. Primer reporte de Oligonychus coffeae (Acari: Tetranychidae) sobre Alnus acuminata en la región andina. REV MEX BIODIVERS 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rmb.2017.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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R.M. Ibrahim S, A. Mohamed G, I. M. Khedr A, M. Aljaeid B. Anti-oxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Cyclic Diarylheptanoids from Alnus japonica Stem Bark. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2017; 16:83-91. [PMID: 29844779 PMCID: PMC5963649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
A new cyclic diarylheptanoid namely alnuheptanoid B (3), along with four known cyclic diarylheptanoids: myricanone (1), (+)-S-myricanol (2), myricanone 5-O- -D-glucopyranoside (4), and (+)-S-myricanol 5-O- -D-glucopyranoside (5) were isolated from the EtOAc fraction of Alnus japonica Steud (family: Betulaceae) stem bark. Their structures were established by different spectroscopic analyses, as well as optical rotation measurement. Compounds 1, 2, 4, and 5 are isolated for the first time from A. japonica. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of compounds (1-5) were assessed using DPPH assay and carrageenin induced rat paw edema model, respectively. They displayed significant antioxidant activity in relation to propyl gallate (standard antioxidant) at concentration 50 µM. Compound 2 demonstrated anti-inflammatory effect at a dose 10 mg/kg compared with indomethacin (positive control).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrin R.M. Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Al Madinah Al Munawarah 30078, Saudi Arabia. ,Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt. ,
| | - Gamal A. Mohamed
- Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Amgad I. M. Khedr
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Port Said University, Port Said 42526, Egypt.
| | - Bader M. Aljaeid
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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42
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Lee M, Shim SY, Sung SH. Triterpenoids Isolated from Alnus japonica Inhibited LPS-Induced Inflammatory Mediators in HT-29 Cells and RAW264.7 Cells. Biol Pharm Bull 2017; 40:1544-1550. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b16-00895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mina Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University
- Suncheon Research Center for Natural Medicines
| | - Sun-Yup Shim
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University
- Research Institute of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Sang Hyun Sung
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University
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Diarylheptanoid-rich extract of grey and black alder barks: an effective dietary antioxidant in mayonnaise. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-016-0017-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Altınyay Ç, Süntar I, Altun L, Keleş H, Küpeli Akkol E. Phytochemical and biological studies on Alnus glutinosa subsp. glutinosa, A. orientalis var. orientalis and A. orientalis var. pubescens leaves. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 192:148-160. [PMID: 27381042 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Alnus species have been used for the treatment of rheumatism, hemorrhoids and for wound healing in folk medicine. MATERIALS AND METHODS Aqueous and methanol extracts of A. glutinosa (L.) Gaertner subsp. glutinosa, A. orientalis Decne. var. orientalis and A. orientalis var. pubescens Dippel leaves were evaluated for their wound healing, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. In vivo wound models of linear incision and circular excision were performed. "Inhibition of acetic acid-induced capillary permeability", "carrageenan-induced hind paw edema" and T"PA-induced ear edema" assays were applied to determine the anti-inflammatory effects. For the antioxidant activity assessment, DPPH and ABTS radicals scavenging effect, reducing power and denaturation of nonspecific hydroxyl radical-targeted 2-deoxyribose were used. In vitro inhibitory effects on enzymes hyaluronidase, collagenase and elastase were evaluated. The methanol extract of the leaves of A. glutinosa subsp. glutinosa (MB), the most potent extract, was fractionated by bioassay-guided fractionation technique. The structure of the isolated compound was determined as shikimic acid by using NMR and IR analyses. RESULTS MB increased the wound tension by 42.79% value and provided a contraction by 51.58%. Wound tension, contraction capacity and tissue hydroxyproline levels were increased with the application of the fraction EtOAc: MeOH (Fr. D), subfraction D27-38 and shikimic acid. In the "inhibition of acetic acid-induced capillary permeability" assay, MB, Fr. D, subfraction D27-38 and shikimic acid inhibited the permeability with significant inhibition values of 30.22%, 32.46%, 38.24% and 27.19%, respectively. In carrageenan-induced hind paw edema model, MB displayed 29.1% inhibition. Likewise, Fr. D, subfraction D27-38, and shikimic acid were found to exhibit remarkable anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Shikimic acid exhibited significant inhibitory effect (38.24%) on the hyaluronidase enzyme. CONCLUSIONS This is the first and unique study that investigates wound healing, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of some Alnus taxons growing in Turkey. According to the results, shikimic acid was found to be the major compound responsible from the activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Çiğdem Altınyay
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, 06100 Ankara, Turkey; Turkish Medicines and Medical Devices Agency, 06520 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ipek Süntar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Etiler, 06330 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Levent Altun
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hikmet Keleş
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, 03200 Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Esra Küpeli Akkol
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Etiler, 06330 Ankara, Turkey.
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Abedini A, Chollet S, Angelis A, Borie N, Nuzillard JM, Skaltsounis AL, Reynaud R, Gangloff SC, Renault JH, Hubert J. Bioactivity-guided identification of antimicrobial metabolites in Alnus glutinosa bark and optimization of oregonin purification by Centrifugal Partition Chromatography. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1029-1030:121-127. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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46
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Sajid M, Khan MR, Shah NA, Shah SA, Ismail H, Younis T, Zahra Z. Phytochemical, antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects of Alnus nitida bark in carbon tetrachloride challenged Sprague Dawley rats. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 16:268. [PMID: 27488054 PMCID: PMC4972964 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1245-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alnus nitida (Spach) Endl. is traditionally used for inflammatory disorders. Diarylheptanoids constituents having diverse therapeutically importance including hepato-protective was reported in A. nitida. The aim of this study was to explore the antioxidant and hepato-protective profile of A. nitida stem bark's crude methanol extract (ANM). METHODS Crude methanol extract of A. nitida stem bark and its derived fractions were assessed for phytochemical classes and in vitro antioxidant profiling by multidimensional assays. Hepato-protective assessment of ANM was investigated on rats, which were made hepatotoxic using carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). Additionally HPLC-DAD analysis of ANM, and its derived ethyl acetate and aqueous fraction was carried out to determine the presence of active constituents. RESULTS Qualitative analysis of crude extract-and its fractions depicted the presence of terpenoids, saponins, coumarins, phenols and flavonoids. Maximum quantity of total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) was recorded in ANM and its derived fractions; n-hexane (ANH), chloroform (ANC), ethyl acetate (ANE) and the residual aqueous (ANA). ANM exhibited the best total antioxidant capacity, total reducing power, and scavenging of DPPH and OH radicals. ANE and ANA exhibited strong scavenging potential for iron chelation, nitric oxide and β-carotene bleaching assay. ANM treatment converse the activities of serum-marker enzymes and lipid profile, altered by CCl4 treatment in rat. CCl4 induced hepatic-cirrhosis in rat resulted in decrease of antioxidant enzyme activities such as catalase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase and glutathione reductase-which were restored towards the normal level with ANM. Similarly diminished level of reduced glutathione while enhanced level of lipid peroxides, hydrogen peroxide and nitrite in liver of cirrhotic rats was normalized by treatment of ANM. The histopathological studies of liver tissues also represented that ANM possessed the hepato-protective activity. HPLC-DAD analysis against eight known standards confirmed the presence of gallic acid, catechin and rutin in ANM and in ANA while in ANE gallic acid was only detected. CONCLUSION Based on the results of antioxidants, restoration of various antioxidant enzymes and histopathological studies, the recent study concludes that antioxidant potential of A. nitida bark might protect the liver damages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moniba Sajid
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rashid Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Naseer Ali Shah
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sayed Afzal Shah
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Hammad Ismail
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gujrat, 50700 Gujrat, Pakistan
| | - Tahira Younis
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Zartash Zahra
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Jackrel SL, Morton TC, Wootton JT. Intraspecific leaf chemistry drives locally accelerated ecosystem function in aquatic and terrestrial communities. Ecology 2016; 97:2125-2135. [DOI: 10.1890/15-1763.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara L. Jackrel
- Department of Ecology and Evolution The University of Chicago 1101 East 57th St. Chicago 60637 USA
| | - Timothy C. Morton
- Department of Ecology and Evolution The University of Chicago 1101 East 57th St. Chicago 60637 USA
| | - J. Timothy Wootton
- Department of Ecology and Evolution The University of Chicago 1101 East 57th St. Chicago 60637 USA
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Cheong LY, Suk S, Thimmegowda NR, Chung MY, Yang H, Seo SG, Shwetha B, Kim JE, Kwon JY, Kim BY, Lee KW. Hirsutenone Directly Targets PI3K and ERK to Inhibit Adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes. J Cell Biochem 2016; 116:1361-70. [PMID: 25756947 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Adipogenesis is a key driver of the expansion of adipose tissue mass that causes obesity. Hirsutenone (HST) is an active botanical diarylheptanoid present in Alnus species. In this study, we evaluated the effects of HST on adipogenesis, its mechanisms of action and the molecular targets involved. Using Oil Red O staining, we observed that HST dose-dependently suppresses lipid accumulation during adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, concomitant with a decrease in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α (C/EBPα) and fatty acid synthase (FAS) protein expression. This inhibitory effect was largely limited to the early stage of adipogenesis, which includes mitotic clonal expansion (MCE), as evidenced by delayed cell cycle entry of preadipocytes from G1 to S phase. Furthermore, the regulation of MCE was accompanied by suppression of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and extracellular-regulated kinase (ERK) activity. HST was also shown to bind directly to PI3K and ERK1 in a non-ATP competitive manner. Our results suggest that HST attenuates adipogenesis by directly targeting PI3K and ERK during MCE in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, underscoring the potential therapeutic application of HST in preventing obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lai Yee Cheong
- WCU Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sujin Suk
- Interdisciplinary Program in Agricultural Biotechnology Major, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - N R Thimmegowda
- Chemical Biology Research Center and World Class Institute, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Yu Chung
- WCU Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Division of Metabolism and Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Yang
- WCU Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Gwon Seo
- WCU Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - B Shwetha
- Chemical Biology Research Center and World Class Institute, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Eun Kim
- WCU Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute of Bio Food Industry, Institute of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Yeon Kwon
- Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Yeon Kim
- Chemical Biology Research Center and World Class Institute, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Won Lee
- WCU Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Interdisciplinary Program in Agricultural Biotechnology Major, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute of Bio Food Industry, Institute of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, Republic of Korea.,Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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Dinić J, Ranđelović T, Stanković T, Dragoj M, Isaković A, Novaković M, Pešić M. Chemo-protective and regenerative effects of diarylheptanoids from the bark of black alder (Alnus glutinosa) in human normal keratinocytes. Fitoterapia 2015; 105:169-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2015.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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50
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Sung SH, Lee M. Anti-adipogenic activity of a new cyclic diarylheptanoid isolated from Alnus japonica on 3T3-L1 cells via modulation of PPARγ, C/EBPα and SREBP1c signaling. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:4648-51. [PMID: 26341132 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Total methanolic extract of Alnus japonica fruits exhibited significant anti-adipogenic activities in 3T3-L1 cells. A new cyclic diarylheptanoid (1) along with ten known compounds (2-11) were isolated by activity-guided fractionation. Compound 1, determined to be 4-hydroxy-alnus-3,5-dione, showed the most potent anti-adipogenic effect. Compound 1 significantly down-regulated expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α (C/EBPα), and sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP1c) in 3T3-L1 cells, as determined by quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot analysis. Furthermore, compound 1 suppressed mRNA expression of C/EBPβ and C/EBPδ during the early stage of adipogenesis as well as stearoyl coenzyme A desaturase 1 (SCD-1) and fatty acid synthase (FAS), target genes of SREBP1c. Upon investigating the mechanism of natural products, we propose that cyclic diarylheptanoid (1), the most potent constituent of A. japonica, can be a potent therapeutic agent against obesity through anti-adipogenesis via down-regulation of PPARγ, C/EBPα, and SREBP1c signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Hyun Sung
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Seoul National University, 1, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mina Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Seoul National University, 1, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea; College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Suncheon-si, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea.
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