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Umar Z, Tang JW, Marshall BJ, Tay ACY, Wang L. Rapid diagnosis and precision treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection in clinical settings. Crit Rev Microbiol 2024:1-30. [PMID: 38910506 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2024.2364194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is a gram-negative bacterium that colonizes the stomach of approximately half of the worldwide population, with higher prevalence in densely populated areas like Asia, the Caribbean, Latin America, and Africa. H. pylori infections range from asymptomatic cases to potentially fatal diseases, including peptic ulcers, chronic gastritis, and stomach adenocarcinoma. The management of these conditions has become more difficult due to the rising prevalence of drug-resistant H. pylori infections, which ultimately lead to gastric cancer and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. In 1994, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) categorized H. pylori as a Group I carcinogen, contributing to approximately 780,000 cancer cases annually. Antibiotic resistance against drugs used to treat H. pylori infections ranges between 15% and 50% worldwide, with Asian countries having exceptionally high rates. This review systematically examines the impacts of H. pylori infection, the increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistance, and the urgent need for accurate diagnosis and precision treatment. The present status of precision treatment strategies and prospective approaches for eradicating infections caused by antibiotic-resistant H. pylori will also be evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeeshan Umar
- Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
- Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jia-Wei Tang
- Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- The Marshall Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Training, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, China
| | - Barry J Marshall
- Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
- The Marshall Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Training, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, China
- Marshall International Digestive Diseases Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Marshall Medical Research Center, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Alfred Chin Yen Tay
- Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
- The Marshall Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Training, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, China
- Marshall International Digestive Diseases Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Marshall Medical Research Center, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, China
- Center for Precision Health, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, China
- School of Agriculture and Food Sustainability, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Wang JH, Han SY, Kim J, Lim S, Jeong C, Wu L, Kim H. Comparative Assessment of the Anti- Helicobacter pylori Activity and Gastroprotective Effects of Three Herbal Formulas for Functional Dyspepsia In Vitro. Cells 2024; 13:901. [PMID: 38891033 PMCID: PMC11172274 DOI: 10.3390/cells13110901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori has been implicated in various gastrointestinal disorders, including functional dyspepsia. This study aimed to compare the anti-H. pylori activity and gastroprotective effects of three typical herbal formulas used for gastrointestinal disorders in Korea: Shihosogan-tang (ST), Yijung-tang (YT), and Pyeongwi-san (PS). Firstly, we assessed the total phenolic and flavonoid contents, as well as the antioxidative capacity. Additionally, we evaluated the antibacterial effect on H. pylori using an ammonia assay, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) test, and the disk agar diffusion method. Furthermore, we examined alterations in the gene expression of tight junction proteins, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and cellular vacuolation using an AGS cell model infected with H. pylori. While ST exhibited a higher total phenolic content, superior free radical scavenging, and inhibition of H. pylori compared to YT and PS, YT more evidently inhibited gastric cellular morphological changes such as vacuolation. All formulations significantly ameliorated changes in inflammatory and gastric inflammation-related genes and cellular morphological alterations induced by H. pylori infection. Overall, the present in vitro study suggests that all three herbal formulas possess potential for ameliorating gastrointestinal disorders, with ST relatively excelling in inhibiting H. pylori infection and inflammation, while YT potentially shows greater efficacy in directly protecting the gastric mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Hojun Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, 814 Siksa-dong, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si 10326, Republic of Korea; (J.-H.W.); (S.-Y.H.); (J.K.); (S.L.); (C.J.); (L.W.)
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Mok JW, Oh YH, Magge D, Padmanabhan S. Racial disparities of gastric cancer in the USA: an overview of epidemiology, global screening guidelines, and targeted screening in a heterogeneous population. Gastric Cancer 2024; 27:426-438. [PMID: 38436760 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-024-01475-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Gastric cancer is the fifth most common cancer diagnosis and fourth leading cause of cancer-related death globally. The incidence of gastric cancer in the USA shows significant racial and ethnic disparities with gastric cancer incidence in Korean Americans being over five times higher than in non-Hispanic whites. Since gastric cancer is not common in the USA, there are no current screening guidelines. In countries with higher incidences of gastric cancer, screening guidelines have been implemented for early detection and intervention and this has been associated with a reduction in mortality. Immigrants from high incidence countries develop gastric cancer at lower rates once outside of their country of origin, but continue to be at higher risk for developing gastric cancer. This risk does seem to decrease with subsequent generations. With increasing availability of endoscopy, initiating gastric cancer screening guidelines for high-risk groups can have the potential to improve survival by diagnosing and treating gastric cancer at an earlier stage. This article aims to provide context to gastric cancer epidemiology globally, review risk factors for developing gastric cancer, highlight racial and ethnic disparities in gastric cancer burden in the USA, examine current guidelines that exist in high incidence countries, and suggest future studies examining the efficacy of additional screening in high-risk populations to reduce gastric cancer mortality and disparate burden on ethnic minorities in the USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Woo Mok
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Yeong Ha Oh
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Deepa Magge
- Division of Surgical Oncology and Endocrine Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sekhar Padmanabhan
- Division of Surgical Oncology and Endocrine Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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Tallman PS, Miller AA, Brandley SR, Lee CC, Cepon-Robins TJ, Gildner TE, Collins SM. Helicobacter pylori exposure among the Awajún of the Peruvian Amazon: Prevalence and environmental, social, and biological associations. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2024:e24941. [PMID: 38615180 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)-a gastric bacteria affecting almost 50% of the global population and leading to ulcers and cancer in severe cases-is a growing health concern among Indigenous populations who report a high burden of reported poor general health and gastrointestinal distress. We test hypothesized associations between H. pylori exposure patterns and environmental, social, and biological conditions among a sample of 212 Indigenous Awajún adults (112 males, 100 females, ages 18-65 years) living in the northern Peruvian Amazon. MATERIALS AND METHODS Dried blood spots were analyzed for H. pylori-specific IgG using a recently developed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Resulting seropositivity rates and antibody concentrations, proxying past exposures to H. pylori were analyzed in relation to relevant environmental (toilet type, floor material, reported water quality), social (household size and education level), and biological (age, sex, BMI, blood pressure, immune and metabolic biomarkers) factors using multivariable regression analyses. RESULTS We found near ubiquitous seropositivity for H. pylori exposure in our sample (99.1% seropositive). In the regression analyses, elevations in H. pylori antibody concentrations were significantly higher among males compared to females (β = 0.36, p = 0.01). No associations were found with any other factors. DISCUSSION Anthropological research in the study communities suggests that the male bias in elevations of H. pylori antibody concentrations is related to cultural and biological factors. Future research is needed to further unravel these biocultural dynamics and determine whether elevations in H. pylori antibody concentrations have clinical relevance for gastrointestinal health outcomes in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula S Tallman
- Department of Anthropology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Aaron A Miller
- Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Sophea R Brandley
- Department of Anthropology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Cassie C Lee
- Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Tara J Cepon-Robins
- Department of Anthropology, University of Colorado Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, Colorado, USA
| | - Theresa E Gildner
- Department of Anthropology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Shalean M Collins
- Department of International Health and Sustainable Development, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
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Kasum VU, Hayati F, Syed Abdul Rahim SS, Nik Lah NAS, Tung SEH. Association between dietary pattern and Helicobacter Pylori infection at Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kota Kinabalu: A case-control study. Asian J Surg 2024:S1015-9584(24)00604-3. [PMID: 38604869 DOI: 10.1016/j.asjsur.2024.03.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited studies have reported the association between dietary patterns and Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection in Sabah. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to assess the association between dietary pattern and H. pylori infection among patients aged 18 years and above that went for first esophagogastroduodenoscopy (OGDS) in 2021 at Queen Elizabeth Hospital (QEH), Kota Kinabalu. METHODS Dietary intake of positive H. pylori was compared with healthy subjects by using questionnaire adapted from Malaysian Adult Nutrition Survey (MANS) 2014. Using logistic regression models, we evaluated the association between dietary pattern and H. pylori infection risk. FINDINGS Our finding identified four dietary patterns, namely "high carbohydrate pattern", "high fiber pattern", "high fat/cholesterol pattern" and "high salt pattern". After adjustment for potential confounders, the highest quartile of "high salt pattern" showed greater odds of H. pylori infection (OR = 1.26; 95% Cl: 1.032-1.459; P = 0.045) than lowest quartile, while highest quartile of "high fiber pattern" demonstrated lower odd of the infection (OR = 0.69; 95% Cl: 0.537-0.829; P = 0.008) than those in lowest quartile. If compared with Recommended Nutrient Intake (RNI) 2017, positive H. pylori consumed high carbohydrates and sodium with insufficient fiber intake. CONCLUSION To conclude, "high fiber pattern" lowers the risk of H. pylori infection while "high salt pattern" increases the infection risk. Our study also highlighted the importance of nutrient intake within daily allowances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Urie Kasum
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Firdaus Hayati
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.
| | - Syed Sharizman Syed Abdul Rahim
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Nik Amin Sahid Nik Lah
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Serene En Hui Tung
- Division of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Kanu JE, Soldera J. Treatment of Helicobacter pylori with potassium competitive acid blockers: A systematic review and meta-analysis. World J Gastroenterol 2024; 30:1213-1223. [PMID: 38577188 PMCID: PMC10989498 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v30.i9.1213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infects over half the global population, causing gastrointestinal diseases like dyspepsia, gastritis, duodenitis, peptic ulcers, G-MALT lymphoma, and gastric adenocarcinoma. Eradicating H. pylori is crucial for treating and preventing these conditions. While conventional proton pump inhibitor (PPI)-based triple therapy is effective, there's growing interest in longer acid suppression therapies. Potassium competitive acid blocker (P-CAB) triple and dual therapy are new regimens for H. pylori eradication. Initially used in Asian populations, vonoprazan (VPZ) has been recently Food and Drug Administration-approved for H. pylori eradication. AIM To assess the efficacy of regimens containing P-CABs in eradicating H. pylori infection. METHODS This study, following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis by searching MEDLINE and Scopus libraries for randomized clinical trials (RCTs) or observational studies with the following command: [("Helicobacter pylori" OR "H pylori") AND ("Treatment" OR "Therapy" OR "Eradication") AND ("Vonaprazan" OR "Potassium-Competitive Acid Blocker" OR "P-CAB" OR "PCAB" OR "Revaprazan" OR "Linaprazan" OR "Soraprazan" OR "Tegoprazan")]. Studies comparing the efficacy of P-CABs-based treatment to classical PPIs in eradicating H. pylori were included. Exclusion criteria included case reports, case series, unpublished trials, or conference abstracts. Data variables encompassed age, diagnosis method, sample sizes, study duration, intervention and control, and H. pylori eradication method were gathered by two independent reviewers. Meta-analysis was performed in R software, and forest plots were generated. RESULTS A total of 256 references were initially retrieved through the search command. Ultimately, fifteen studies (7 RCTs, 7 retrospective observational studies, and 1 comparative unique study) were included, comparing P-CAB triple therapy to PPI triple therapy. The intention-to-treat analysis involved 8049 patients, with 4471 in the P-CAB intervention group and 3578 in the PPI control group across these studies. The analysis revealed a significant difference in H. pylori eradication between VPZ triple therapy and PPI triple therapy in both RCTs and observational studies [risk ratio (RR) = 1.17, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.11-1.22, P < 0.0001] and (RR = 1.13, 95%CI: 1.09-1.17, P < 0.0001], respectively. However, no significant difference was found between tegoprazan (TPZ) triple therapy and PPI triple therapy in both RCTs and observational studies (RR = 1.04, 95%CI: 0.93-1.16, P = 0.5) and (RR = 1.03, 95%CI: 0.97-1.10, P = 0.3), respectively. CONCLUSION VPZ-based triple therapy outperformed conventional PPI-based triple therapy in eradicating H. pylori, positioning it as a highly effective first-line regimen. Additionally, TPZ-based triple therapy was non-inferior to classical PPI triple therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Edwin Kanu
- Post Graduate Program at Acute Medicine and Gastroenterology, University of South Wales, Cardiff CF37 1DL, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Soldera
- Post Graduate Program at Acute Medicine and Gastroenterology, University of South Wales, Cardiff CF37 1DL, United Kingdom
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Ou L, Zhu Z, Hao Y, Li Q, Liu H, Chen Q, Peng C, Zhang C, Zou Y, Jia J, Li H, Wang Y, Su B, Lai Y, Chen M, Chen H, Feng Z, Zhang G, Yao M. 1,3,6-Trigalloylglucose: A Novel Potent Anti- Helicobacter pylori Adhesion Agent Derived from Aqueous Extracts of Terminalia chebula Retz. Molecules 2024; 29:1161. [PMID: 38474673 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29051161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
1,3,6-Trigalloylglucose is a natural compound that can be extracted from the aqueous extracts of ripe fruit of Terminalia chebula Retz, commonly known as "Haritaki". The potential anti-Helicobacter pylori (HP) activity of this compound has not been extensively studied or confirmed in scientific research. This compound was isolated using a semi-preparative liquid chromatography (LC) system and identified through Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-MS/MS (UPLC-MS/MS) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR). Its role was evaluated using Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) assay, scanning electron microscope (SEM), inhibiting kinetics curves, urea fast test, Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, Western blot, and Griess Reagent System. Results showed that this compound effectively inhibits the growth of HP strain ATCC 700392, damages the HP structure, and suppresses the Cytotoxin-associated gene A (Cag A) protein, a crucial factor in HP infection. Importantly, it exhibits selective antimicrobial activity without impacting normal epithelial cells GES-1. In vitro studies have revealed that 1,3,6-Trigalloylglucose acts as an anti-adhesive agent, disrupting the adhesion of HP to host cells, a critical step in HP infection. These findings underscore the potential of 1,3,6-Trigalloylglucose as a targeted therapeutic agent against HP infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Ou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Zhixiang Zhu
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy (Qingdao), Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
- International Pharmaceutical Engineering Lab of Shandong Province, Linyi 273400, China
| | - Yajie Hao
- International Pharmaceutical Engineering Lab of Shandong Province, Linyi 273400, China
| | - Qingwei Li
- International Pharmaceutical Engineering Lab of Shandong Province, Linyi 273400, China
| | - Hengrui Liu
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Future Homo Sapiens Institute of Regenerative Medicine Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510535, China
| | - Qingchang Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117575, Singapore
| | - Chang Peng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Chuqiu Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Yuanjing Zou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Junwei Jia
- International Pharmaceutical Engineering Lab of Shandong Province, Linyi 273400, China
| | - Hui Li
- International Pharmaceutical Engineering Lab of Shandong Province, Linyi 273400, China
| | - Yanhua Wang
- International Pharmaceutical Engineering Lab of Shandong Province, Linyi 273400, China
| | - Bingmei Su
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Yuqian Lai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Meiyun Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Haobo Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Zhong Feng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy (Qingdao), Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
- International Pharmaceutical Engineering Lab of Shandong Province, Linyi 273400, China
| | - Guimin Zhang
- Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Linyi 276006, China
| | - Meicun Yao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
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Wang X, Dong Y, Zhang H, Zhao Y, Miao T, Mohseni G, Du L, Wang C. DNA methylation drives a new path in gastric cancer early detection: Current impact and prospects. Genes Dis 2024; 11:847-860. [PMID: 37692483 PMCID: PMC10491876 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2023.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common and deadly cancers worldwide. Early detection offers the best chance for curative treatment and reducing its mortality. However, the optimal population-based early screening for GC remains unmet. Aberrant DNA methylation occurs in the early stage of GC, exhibiting cancer-specific genetic and epigenetic changes, and can be detected in the media such as blood, gastric juice, and feces, constituting a valuable biomarker for cancer early detection. Furthermore, DNA methylation is a stable epigenetic alteration, and many innovative methods have been developed to quantify it rapidly and accurately. Nonetheless, large-scale clinical validation of DNA methylation serving as tumor biomarkers is still lacking, precluding their implementation in clinical practice. In conclusion, after a critical analysis of the recent existing literature, we summarized the evolving roles of DNA methylation during GC occurrence, expounded the newly discovered noninvasive DNA methylation biomarkers for early detection of GC, and discussed its challenges and prospects in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhui Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, China
| | - Yaqi Dong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fuling Hospital, Chongqing University, Chongqing 402774, China
| | - Yinghui Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, China
- Suzhou Research Institute of Shandong University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Tianshu Miao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shandong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Ghazal Mohseni
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, China
| | - Lutao Du
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, China
- Shandong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Tumor Marker Detection, Jinan, Shandong 250033, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center for Clinical Laboratory, Jinan, Shandong 250033, China
| | - Chuanxin Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, China
- Shandong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Tumor Marker Detection, Jinan, Shandong 250033, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center for Clinical Laboratory, Jinan, Shandong 250033, China
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Amalia R, Vidyani A, I’tishom R, Efendi WI, Danardono E, Wibowo BP, Parewangi ML, Miftahussurur M, Malaty HM. The Prevalence, Etiology and Treatment of Gastroduodenal Ulcers and Perforation: A Systematic Review. J Clin Med 2024; 13:1063. [PMID: 38398375 PMCID: PMC10888557 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13041063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Gastroduodenal perforation (GDP) is a life-threatening condition caused by a spontaneous or traumatic event. Treatment should be based on the mechanism of damage, timing, location, extent of the injury, and the patient's clinical condition. We aimed to examine several etiologic factors associated with gastroduodenal perforation and to search for the best method(s) for its prevention and treatment. (2) Methods: We conducted extensive literature reviews by searching numerous studies obtained from PubMed, Science Direct, and Cochrane for the following keywords: gastroduodenal perforation, Helicobacter pylori, NSAIDs' use, side effects of GDP, laparoscopy, and surgery. The primary outcome was the reported occurrence of GDP. (3) Results: Using keywords, 883 articles were identified. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 53 studies were eligible for the current analyses, with a total number of 34,692 gastroduodenal perforation cases. Even though the risk factors of gastroduodenal perforation are various, the prevalence of H. pylori among patients with perforation is considerably high. As technology develops, the treatment for gastric perforation will also improve, with laparoscopic surgery having a lower mortality and complication rate compared to open surgery for GDP treatment. (4) Conclusions: H. pylori infection plays the most significant role in GDP, more than NSAIDs, surgery, chemotherapy, or transplantation. Treatment of H. pylori infection is essential to decrease the prevalence of GDP and speed up its recovery. However, urgent cases require immediate intervention, such as laparoscopic or open surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizki Amalia
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu 879-5593, Japan;
- Helicobacter pylori and Microbiota Study Group, Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60286, Indonesia;
| | - Amie Vidyani
- Division of Gastroentero-Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine-Dr. Soetomo Teaching Hospital, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | - Reny I’tishom
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60132, Indonesia;
| | - Wiwin Is Efendi
- Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60132, Indonesia;
| | - Edwin Danardono
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60132, Indonesia;
| | - Bogi Pratomo Wibowo
- Department of Endocrinology, Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Malang 65111, Indonesia;
| | - Muhammad Lutfi Parewangi
- Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia;
| | - Muhammad Miftahussurur
- Helicobacter pylori and Microbiota Study Group, Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60286, Indonesia;
- Division of Gastroentero-Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine-Dr. Soetomo Teaching Hospital, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | - Hoda M. Malaty
- Division of Gastroentero-Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine-Dr. Soetomo Teaching Hospital, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Yu J, Jia Y, Yu Q, Lin L, Li C, Chen B, Zhong P, Lin X, Li H, Sun Y, Zhong X, He Y, Huang X, Lin S, Pan Y. Deciphering complex antibiotic resistance patterns in Helicobacter pylori through whole genome sequencing and machine learning. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 13:1306368. [PMID: 38379956 PMCID: PMC10878306 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1306368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori, Hp) affects billions of people worldwide. However, the emerging resistance of Hp to antibiotics challenges the effectiveness of current treatments. Investigating the genotype-phenotype connection for Hp using next-generation sequencing could enhance our understanding of this resistance. Methods In this study, we analyzed 52 Hp strains collected from various hospitals. The susceptibility of these strains to five antibiotics was assessed using the agar dilution assay. Whole-genome sequencing was then performed to screen the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genotypes of these Hp strains. To model the relationship between drug resistance and genotype, we employed univariate statistical tests, unsupervised machine learning, and supervised machine learning techniques, including the development of support vector machine models. Results Our models for predicting Amoxicillin resistance demonstrated 66% sensitivity and 100% specificity, while those for Clarithromycin resistance showed 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity. These results outperformed the known resistance sites for Amoxicillin (A1834G) and Clarithromycin (A2147), which had sensitivities of 22.2% and 87%, and specificities of 100% and 96%, respectively. Discussion Our study demonstrates that predictive modeling using supervised learning algorithms with feature selection can yield diagnostic models with higher predictive power compared to models relying on single single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) sites. This approach significantly contributes to enhancing the precision and effectiveness of antibiotic treatment strategies for Hp infections. The application of whole-genome sequencing for Hp presents a promising pathway for advancing personalized medicine in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwei Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Longyan First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Longyan, Fujian, China
| | - Yan Jia
- Department of Gastroenterology, the 7Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qichao Yu
- Center for Systems Biology, Intelliphecy, Main Building, Beishan Industrial Zone, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lan Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiamen Humanity Hospital, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Aerospace School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Bowang Chen
- Center for Systems Biology, Intelliphecy, Main Building, Beishan Industrial Zone, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of Data Science, Intelliphecy, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Pingyu Zhong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Longyan First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Longyan, Fujian, China
| | - Xueqing Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Longyan First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Longyan, Fujian, China
| | - Huilan Li
- Department of Nephrology, Longyan First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Longyan, Fujian, China
| | - Yinping Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Longyan First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Longyan, Fujian, China
| | - Xuejing Zhong
- Department of Science and Education, Longyan First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Longyan, Fujian, China
| | - Yuqi He
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyun Huang
- Center for Systems Biology, Intelliphecy, Main Building, Beishan Industrial Zone, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuangming Lin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Longyan First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Longyan, Fujian, China
| | - Yuanming Pan
- Cancer Research Center, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
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11
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Awan UA, Khattak AA, Haq M, Saadia Z, Marwat M, Khalid S, Kamran S, Haseeb A, Ahmed B, Irfani MA, Nadeem MF, Javed F. Frequency, distribution and determinants of Helicobacter pylori infection in adults and adolescents with gastric symptoms: cross-sectional epidemiological inquiry in district Haripur, Pakistan. BRAZ J BIOL 2024; 84:e248913. [DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.248913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Helicobacter pylori (HP) is a vital element in the etiology of peptic ulcers and gastric cancer. This research aimed to determine the frequency, distribution, and determinants of HP infection in adults and adolescents with gastric symptoms in district Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. This cross-sectional study was performed from June 2018 to June 2020 at the Medical Laboratory Technology Department, The University of Haripur, Pakistan. Presence of HP was a research variable, while sex, age groups, education status, overcrowding, dining habits, milk intake, drinking water source and animal contact were grouping variables. Immuno-chromatographic technique (ICT) was used to for serological detection of HP antibodies. All variables were represented by frequency and percentage with 95%CI. Prevalence of HP and its distribution by eight socio-demographic variables was testified by the chi-square goodness-of-fit test while association was testified by chi-square test of association. Out of total 1160 cases, 557 (48%) were positive for HP. Population prevalence was higher in men, in the age group 20-40 years, illiterate, family size ≤ 10 persons, taking restaurant food, using tetra pack, using municipal water, and having animal contact. The observed prevalence of HP was similar to its expected prevalence in the population. The observed distribution of HP in the sample was different from its expected distribution in population by eight socio-demographic variables. Presence of HP was associated with all eight socio-demographic variables besides age groups.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - M. Haq
- Riphah International University, Pakistan
| | - Z. Saadia
- Qassim University College of Medicine, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | - S. Khalid
- Riphah International University, Pakistan
| | - S. Kamran
- University of Management and Technology - UMT, Pakistan
| | - A. Haseeb
- Abbottabad University of Science and Technology, Pakistan
| | - B. Ahmed
- Abbottabad University of Science and Technology, Pakistan
| | | | | | - F. Javed
- Pak-Austria Fachhochschule: Institute of Applied Sciences & Technology, Pakistan
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12
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Li J, Shi H, Zhou F, Xie L, Lin R. The Efficacy and Safety of Regimens for Helicobacter pylori Eradication Treatment in China: A Systemic Review and Network Meta-Analysis. J Clin Gastroenterol 2024; 58:12-23. [PMID: 38084866 DOI: 10.1097/mcg.0000000000001902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With Helicobacter pylori's increasing antibiotic resistance, evidence of more effective treatments is lacking in China, where H. pylori prevalence is nearly 50%. Thus, we performed a network meta-analysis to compare therapeutic regimens. METHODS Data extracted from eligible randomized controlled trials from January 2000 to September 2021 were entered into a Bayesian hierarchical random-effects model to evaluate the efficacy and safety of H. pylori eradication regimens. RESULTS This study included 101 trials involving 21,745 patients. Vonoprazan-bismuth-containing quadruple therapy (VBQT) ranked the highest [surfaces under cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA), 83.64%], followed by high-dose amoxicillin dual therapy (HDDT) [SUCRA, 79.70%, odds ratio (OR)=1.31, 95% credible interval (CrI) (0.36, 4.72)] and proton pump inhibitor-based bismuth-containing quadruple therapy (BQT) [SUCRA, 63.59%, OR=1.59, 95% CrI (0.48, 5.24)]. HDDT [OR=2.47, 95% CrI (1.51, 4.06)], BQT [OR=2.04, 95% CrI (1.69, 2.47)], concomitant quadruple nonbismuth therapy (CT) [OR=1.93, 95% CrI (1.19, 3.15)], and sequential therapy (ST) [OR=1.86, 95% CrI (1.50, 2.32)] had higher eradication rates than standard triple therapy (TT). ST (SUCRA, 82.52%) and VBQT (SUCRA, 83.89%) had the highest eradication rate before and after 2010 in the effectiveness ranking, respectively. Furthermore, the H. pylori eradication rate of patients receiving 14-day BQT treatment was higher than that of 10-day BQT regimen [OR=2.55, 95% CI (1.84, 3.53)] and 7-day BQT regimen [OR=3.64, 95% CI (2.64, 5.01)]. CONCLUSIONS The TT regimen was not an optimal choice in China for H. pylori eradication; VBQT, HDDT, and BQT showed better efficacy. After 2010, there is a trend toward significance that VBQT provided a higher H. pylori eradication rate in China, but with only 1 randomized controlled trial. Thus, more supportive real-world data are needed to confirm its effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan
| | - Huiying Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan
| | - Fang Zhou
- Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd., Shanghai
| | - Li Xie
- Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Rong Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan
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13
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Luo S, Ru J, Mirzaei MK, Xue J, Peng X, Ralser A, Mejías-Luque R, Gerhard M, Deng L. Gut virome profiling identifies an association between temperate phages and colorectal cancer promoted by Helicobacter pylori infection. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2257291. [PMID: 37747149 PMCID: PMC10578192 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2257291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers worldwide. While a close correlation between chronic Helicobacter pylori infection and CRC has been reported, the role of the virome has been overlooked. Here, we infected Apc-mutant mouse models and C57BL/6 mice with H. pylori and conducted a comprehensive metagenomics analysis of H. pylori-induced changes in lower gastrointestinal tract bacterial and viral communities. We observed an expansion of temperate phages in H. pylori infected Apc+/1638N mice at the early stage of carcinogenesis. Some of the temperate phages were predicted to infect bacteria associated with CRC, including Enterococcus faecalis. We also observed a high prevalence of virulent genes, such as flgJ, cwlJ, and sleB, encoded by temperate phages. In addition, we identified phages associated with pre-onset and onset of H. pylori-promoted carcinogenesis. Through co-occurrence network analysis, we found strong associations between the viral and bacterial communities in infected mice before the onset of carcinogenesis. These findings suggest that the expansion of temperate phages, possibly caused by prophage induction triggered by H. pylori infection, may have contributed to the development of CRC in mice by interacting with the bacterial community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Luo
- Institute of Virology, Helmholtz Centre Munich — German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair for Preventions of Microbial Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Jinlong Ru
- Institute of Virology, Helmholtz Centre Munich — German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair for Preventions of Microbial Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Mohammadali Khan Mirzaei
- Institute of Virology, Helmholtz Centre Munich — German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair for Preventions of Microbial Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Jinling Xue
- Institute of Virology, Helmholtz Centre Munich — German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair for Preventions of Microbial Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Xue Peng
- Institute of Virology, Helmholtz Centre Munich — German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, Biocenter, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Anna Ralser
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Raquel Mejías-Luque
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich Partner Site, Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Gerhard
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich Partner Site, Munich, Germany
| | - Li Deng
- Institute of Virology, Helmholtz Centre Munich — German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair for Preventions of Microbial Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
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14
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Skakic I, Francis JE, Dekiwadia C, Aibinu I, Huq M, Taki AC, Walduck A, Smooker PM. An Evaluation of Urease A Subunit Nanocapsules as a Vaccine in a Mouse Model of Helicobacter pylori Infection. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1652. [PMID: 38005984 PMCID: PMC10674275 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11111652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Using removable silica templates, protein nanocapsules comprising the A subunit of Helicobacter pylori urease (UreA) were synthesised. The templates were of two sizes, with solid core mesoporous shell (SC/MS) silica templates giving rise to nanocapsules of average diameter 510 nm and mesoporous (MS) silica templates giving rise to nanocapsules of average diameter 47 nm. Both were shown to be highly monodispersed and relatively homogenous in structure. Various combinations of the nanocapsules in formulation were assessed as vaccines in a mouse model of H. pylori infection. Immune responses were evaluated and protective efficacy assessed. It was demonstrated that vaccination of mice with the larger nanocapsules combined with an adjuvant was able to significantly reduce colonisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Skakic
- School of Science, RMIT University, 264 Plenty Road, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia; (I.S.); (J.E.F.); (I.A.); (M.H.); (A.W.)
| | - Jasmine E. Francis
- School of Science, RMIT University, 264 Plenty Road, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia; (I.S.); (J.E.F.); (I.A.); (M.H.); (A.W.)
| | - Chaitali Dekiwadia
- RMIT Microscopy and Microanalysis Facility, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia;
| | - Ibukun Aibinu
- School of Science, RMIT University, 264 Plenty Road, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia; (I.S.); (J.E.F.); (I.A.); (M.H.); (A.W.)
- Department of Health, Science and Community, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
| | - Mohsina Huq
- School of Science, RMIT University, 264 Plenty Road, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia; (I.S.); (J.E.F.); (I.A.); (M.H.); (A.W.)
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aya C. Taki
- Faculty of Science, Melbourne Veterinary School, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia;
| | - Anna Walduck
- School of Science, RMIT University, 264 Plenty Road, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia; (I.S.); (J.E.F.); (I.A.); (M.H.); (A.W.)
- Rural Health Research Institute, Charles Sturt University, Orange, NSW 2800, Australia
| | - Peter M. Smooker
- School of Science, RMIT University, 264 Plenty Road, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia; (I.S.); (J.E.F.); (I.A.); (M.H.); (A.W.)
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15
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Friedrich V, Gerhard M. Vaccination against Helicobacter pylori - An approach for cancer prevention? Mol Aspects Med 2023; 92:101183. [PMID: 37018869 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2023.101183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
The gram-negative bacterium Helicobacter pylori is the most common chronic bacterial infection and the main cause of gastric cancer. Due to the increasing antimicrobial resistance of H. pylori, the development of an efficacious vaccine is a valid option to protect from disease or infection and ultimately prevent gastric cancer. However, despite more than 30 years of research, no vaccine has entered the market yet. This review highlights the most relevant previous preclinical and clinical studies to allow conclusions to be drawn on which parameters need special attention in the future to develop an efficacious vaccine against H. pylori and thus prevent gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Friedrich
- Technical University of Munich (TUM), School of Medicine, Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Trogerstrasse 30, Munich 81675, Germany
| | - Markus Gerhard
- Technical University of Munich (TUM), School of Medicine, Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Trogerstrasse 30, Munich 81675, Germany.
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16
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Aghaei M, Aghaei S, Behshadnia F, Ghomashlooyan M, Khaghani A, Baradaran EH, Naeini FF, Iraji F, Shahmoradi Z, Hosseini SM, Hejazi SH. Association between the Treatment of Rosacea and Eradication of Helicobacter Pylori Infection. Adv Biomed Res 2023; 12:173. [PMID: 37564456 PMCID: PMC10410436 DOI: 10.4103/abr.abr_236_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Rosacea is a multifactorial skin inflammatory disorder with an unknown cure. Genetics and environmental factors such as microorganisms are involved in the rosacea etiology, for example, Helicobacter pylori have been suggested in rosacea progression. The present study investigated the relationship between H. pylori eradication and rosacea patient's improvement. Materials and Methods H. pylori infection was investigated in 60 rosacea patients and 65 sex- and age-matched healthy control through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and HpSag tests. After infection confirmation, randomly half of the rosacea patients were treated for H. pylori eradication (test), and others received standard treatment (control). HpSag and ELISA tests were repeated after infection eradication and disease flow was surveyed for 60 days. The groups were compared using the ANOVA (Analysis Of Variance) test at the significant level of P < 0.05. Results At the baseline, the mean of immunoglobulin G (IgG) (59.27 ± 41.4 RU/mL) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) (11.55 ± 6.1 RU/mL) in rosacea patients was higher than the level of IgG (41.38 ± 54.33 RU/mL) and IgM (8.11 ± 8.91 RU/mL) in healthy control (P < 0.04) and (P < 0.01), respectively. Also, the values for H. pylori infection were positive in all patients and 10 healthy controls. The mean titer of IgM and IgG in the test and control patients groups were different at baseline and after treatment. Furthermore, in the test patients group, the mean of IgG was reduced in active rosacea after treatment, and 63.9% of active patients showed rosacea remission after H. pylori eradication. Conclusion Data suggest the exacerbating role of H. pylori in rosacea, and its eradication along with other therapeutic methods causes rosacea improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Aghaei
- Skin Diseases and Leishmaniasis Research Centre, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shahrzad Aghaei
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Behshadnia
- Skin Diseases and Leishmaniasis Research Centre, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohsen Ghomashlooyan
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Armin Khaghani
- Skin Diseases and Leishmaniasis Research Centre, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Elahe H. Baradaran
- Skin and Stem Cell Research Centre, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farahnaz F. Naeini
- Skin Diseases and Leishmaniasis Research Centre, Department of Dermatology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fariba Iraji
- Skin Diseases and Leishmaniasis Research Centre, Department of Dermatology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zabihollah Shahmoradi
- Skin Diseases and Leishmaniasis Research Centre, Department of Dermatology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sayed M. Hosseini
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Seyed H. Hejazi
- Skin Diseases and Leishmaniasis Research Center, Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Srisuphanunt M, Wilairatana P, Kooltheat N, Duangchan T, Katzenmeier G, Rose JB. Molecular Mechanisms of Antibiotic Resistance and Novel Treatment Strategies for Helicobacter pylori Infections. Trop Med Infect Dis 2023; 8:163. [PMID: 36977164 PMCID: PMC10057134 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed8030163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori infects approximately 50% of the world's population and is considered the major etiological agent of severe gastric diseases, such as peptic ulcers and gastric carcinoma. Increasing resistance to standard antibiotics has now led to an ever-decreasing efficacy of eradication therapies and the development of novel and improved regimens for treatment is urgently required. Substantial progress has been made over the past few years in the identification of molecular mechanisms which are conducive to resistant phenotypes as well as for efficient strategies to counteract strain resistance and to avoid the use of ineffective antibiotics. These involve molecular testing methods, improved salvage therapies, and the discovery of novel and potent antimicrobial compounds. High rates of prevalence and gastric cancer are currently observed in Asian countries, including Japan, China, Korea, and Taiwan, where concomitantly intensive research efforts were initiated to explore advanced eradication regimens aimed at reducing the risk of gastric cancer. In this review, we present an overview of the known molecular mechanisms of antibiotic resistance and discuss recent intervention strategies for H. pylori diseases, with a view of the research progress in Asian countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayuna Srisuphanunt
- Department of Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
- Excellent Center for Dengue and Community Public Health, School of Public Health, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
| | - Polrat Wilairatana
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Nateelak Kooltheat
- Department of Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
- Hematology and Transfusion Science Research Center, School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
| | - Thitinat Duangchan
- Department of Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
- Hematology and Transfusion Science Research Center, School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
| | - Gerd Katzenmeier
- Akkhraratchakumari Veterinary College, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
| | - Joan B. Rose
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA
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18
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Nikolić I, Chua EG, Tay ACY, Kostrešević A, Pavlović B, Jončić Savić K. Savory, Oregano and Thyme Essential Oil Mixture (HerbELICO ®) Counteracts Helicobacter pylori. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052138. [PMID: 36903396 PMCID: PMC10003975 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Fifty percent of the world's population is infected with Helicobacter pylori, which can trigger many gastrointestinal disorders. H. pylori eradication therapy consists of two to three antimicrobial medicinal products, but they exhibit limited efficacy and may cause adverse side effects. Alternative therapies are urgent. It was assumed that an essential oil mixture, obtained from species from genera Satureja L., Origanum L. and Thymus L. and called the HerbELICO® essential oil mixture, could be useful in H. pylori infection treatment. HerbELICO® was analyzed by GC-MS and assessed in vitro against twenty H. pylori clinical strains isolated from patients of different geographical origins and with different antimicrobial medicinal products resistance profiles, and for its ability to penetrate the artificial mucin barrier. A customer case study included 15 users of HerbELICO®liquid/HerbELICO®solid dietary supplements (capsulated HerbELICO® mixture in liquid/solid form). Carvacrol and thymol were the most dominant compounds (47.44% and 11.62%, respectively), together with p-cymene (13.35%) and γ-terpinene (18.20%). The minimum concentration required to inhibit in vitro H. pylori growth by HerbELICO® was 4-5% (v/v); 10 min exposure to HerbELICO® was enough to kill off the examined H. pylori strains, while HerbELICO® was able to penetrate through mucin. A high eradication rate (up to 90%) and acceptance by consumers was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Nikolić
- Oncology Institute of Vojvodina, Faculty of Medicine Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Put Doktora Goldmana 4, 21204 Sremska Kamenica, Serbia
| | - Eng Guan Chua
- Helicobacter Research Laboratory, The Marshall Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Training, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Alfred Chin Yen Tay
- Helicobacter Research Laboratory, The Marshall Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Training, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | | | - Bojan Pavlović
- Phytonet Ltd., Science Technology Park, Veljka Dugoševića 54, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Katarina Jončić Savić
- Phytonet Ltd., Science Technology Park, Veljka Dugoševića 54, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +381-11-4085118
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Maghrabia AE, Elshebrawy HA, Mahros MA, Elgazzar MM, Sallam KI. Clarithromycin-, and metronidazole-resistant Helicobacter pylori isolated from raw and ready-to-eat meat in Mansoura, Egypt. Int J Food Microbiol 2023; 387:110052. [PMID: 36512933 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2022.110052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), classified as a class-I carcinogen, is one of the leading medical pathogens of global concern associated mainly with the development of gastric adenocarcinomas and gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphomas; nevertheless, its prevalence in food especially meat and meat products is not fully covered. Additionally, the resistance of H. pylori towards clarithromycin is increasing worldwide and consider the leading cause of H. pylori treatment failure. Thus, the present study was designed to determine the prevalence, molecular characterization, and antimicrobial resistance profiles of clarithromycin-, and metronidazole-resistant H. pylori isolated from raw and ready-to-eat meat samples retailed in Mansoura city, Egypt. Among the 250 samples tested, H. pylori were molecularly confirmed in 40.8 % (49/120) of raw meat products and in 29.2 % (38/130) of ready-to-eat meat products. Precisely, 53.3 % (32/60), 56.7 % (17/30), 40 % (8/20), 55 % (11/20), 60 % (12/20), 13.3 % (4/30), and 15 % (3/20) of raw ground beef, beef burger, beef burger sandwiches, beef shawarma sandwiches, beef kofta sandwiches, beef luncheon, and beef sausage sandwiches, respectively were positive for H. pylori. Of the 204 biochemically-identified H. pylori isolates, 53.9 % (110/204) were molecularly confirmed by PCR through the detection of glmM, cagA, or vacA genes, which were detected at an incidence of 95.5 % (105/110), 77.3 % (85/110), and 20.9 % (23/110) among the isolates, respectively. The antimicrobial sensitivity testing revealed that all of the 110 (100 %) molecularly-confirmed H. pylori isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR; resistant to four or more antibiotics). Interestingly, 100 % and 61.8 % of H. pylori isolated from raw and ready-to-eat meat were resistant to metronidazole and clarithromycin, respectively which consider alarming results as metronidazole and clarithromycin are the mainstay antibiotics in the treatment of H. pylori infections. Additionally, 94.5 %, 94.5 %, 24.5 %, 23.6 %, and 13.6 % of isolates were resistant to vancomycin, sulphamethoxazole-trimethoprim, imipenem, levofloxacin, and nitrofurantoin, respectively. The widespread contamination of examined raw and ready-to-eat meat product samples with MDR H. pylori isolates could constitute a tremendous public health hazard. Further studies concerning the prevalence and possible methods of elimination of H. pylori in different food categories distributed in the various provinces in Egypt as well as in other countries is required for a better understanding the H. pylori as an emerging foodborne pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Elsayed Maghrabia
- Medical Experimental Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Hend Ali Elshebrawy
- Department of Food Hygiene and Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Ahmed Mahros
- Department of Food Hygiene and Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Mohammed Elgazzar
- Department of Food Hygiene and Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Khalid Ibrahim Sallam
- Department of Food Hygiene and Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
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Lee YJ, Ssekalo I, Kazungu R, Blackwell TS, Muwereza P, Wu Y, Sáenz JB. Community prevalence of Helicobacter pylori and dyspepsia and efficacy of triple therapy in a rural district of eastern Uganda. Heliyon 2022; 8:e12612. [PMID: 36593846 PMCID: PMC9803786 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and chronic dyspepsia represent significant medical burdens in the developing world. An accurate assessment of the prevalence of chronic dyspepsia, as well as of the effectiveness of population-based screening and eradication of H. pylori are warranted. Objectives We determined the prevalence of H. pylori and chronic dyspepsia within the general adult population in a region of eastern Uganda. Independent predictors of H. pylori infection were assessed. Finally, we evaluated the efficacy of standard triple therapy on H. pylori eradication. Methods Of 400 randomly selected adult residents in eastern Uganda, 376 were administered a validated, chronic dyspepsia questionnaire and provided a stool sample for H. pylori testing. H. pylori-positive participants were given standard triple therapy and monitored for medication adherence. The efficacy of triple therapy on H. pylori eradication was determined by fecal antigen testing after treatment. Log-linear and logistic regression analyses identified predictors of H. pylori positivity and eradication failure. Results H. pylori prevalence within the study population was 48%. The prevalence of chronic dyspepsia was 87%. The presence or severity of dyspepsia did not predict H. pylori infection. However, a higher level of education was an independent predictor of H. pylori infection. Standard triple therapy resulted in ∼90% eradication. Missing at least four doses of any of the triple therapy medications over the 14-day course predicted eradication failure. Conclusions In our study population, chronic dyspepsia did not predict H. pylori infection, though clinical suspicion for this prevalent pathogen should nonetheless remain high. Population-based screening and adherence to triple therapy are effective at eradicating H. pylori within this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Jae Lee
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA,Empower Through Health, USA
| | - Ibrahim Ssekalo
- University of Tennessee College of Medicine, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | | | - Timothy S. Blackwell
- Empower Through Health, USA,University of Tennessee College of Medicine, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | | | - Yuefeng Wu
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Missouri-St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - José B. Sáenz
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA,Corresponding author.
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The Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability of Levofloxacin Quadruple Therapy for Helicobacter pylori Eradication: A Randomized, Double-Blind Clinical Trial. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:9794901. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/9794901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of microbial resistance is growing, and new rescue regimens are needed to treat Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection. This study aimed to evaluate levofloxacin-based quadruple therapies’ efficacy, safety, and tolerability in eradicating H. pylori. In a randomized, double-blind clinical trial, 220 patients with dyspepsia and H. pylori infection were randomly assigned to receive either bismuth subcitrate 240 mg, pantoprazole 20 mg, amoxicillin 1000 mg twice a day, and levofloxacin 500 mg daily for seven days (BPAL-7) or ten days (BPAL-10). The eradication of H. pylori was evaluated two months after the end of treatment, and adverse drug reactions (ADRs) were assessed during the intervention. According to intention-to-treat and per-protocol, the eradication rate was significantly lower in the BPAL-7 regimen at 49.1% (95% CI: 39.3–57.8) and 47.6% (95% CI: 39.7–58.4), respectively, compared to the BPAL-10 regimen at 62.7% (95% CI: 53.6–72.8) and 62.4% (95% CI: 55.1–72.8), respectively. The ADR incidence was not statistically significant between the groups of BPAL-7 (33.6%) and BPAL-10 (36.7%). Although the ADRs were negligible in both groups, these regimens could not be an ideal alternative therapy for H. pylori because of their low eradication rates compared to standard regimens. Trial Registration. The study was reviewed and approved by the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT201406141155N19).
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Toktay E, Selli J. Histopathological Overview of Experimental Ulcer Models. Eurasian J Med 2022; 54:120-126. [PMID: 36655455 PMCID: PMC11163344 DOI: 10.5152/eurasianjmed.2022.22312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Histopathology is the process of examining tissue that includes all the changes, when a diseased tissue shows compared to a healthy group with a result of a histological observation. Histopathology has become an essential process in medical experimental research and medical experimental models. Scientists have developed medical experimental animal models for these reasons and have pioneered new drug research for many years. One of these experimental researches is experimental ulcer models. This model, which was initially a single method, has led to the emergence of new models with the discovery of physiological processes on ulcers by scientists. Nowadays, researchers have performed many new peptic ulcer models on experimental animals over the years. The main point in the creation of the ulcer model is the increase in the stomach acid level and the removal or corruption of the gastric mucus. When the experimental models were examined histopathologically, it was seen that the most severe models were those induced by pyloric ligation, acetic acid application, and indomethacin. In these models, ulcer foci that progressed to the submucosa were common, while the superficial damage spreading to the entire surface was striking in the ethanol model. While epithelial losses are shown on the surface of the mucosa, foci of necrotic apoptotic cell clusters extending to the submucosa are shown according to the weight of the model. In addition, evidence of inflammation has been shared in almost all studies. All these results show that ulcer models can be created by many different mechanisms. However, similar findings were observed in almost all experiments. Whether the experimental model caused severe or mild ulceration changed the histological findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erdem Toktay
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Philosophy Doctor Degree, Faculty of Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey
| | - Jale Selli
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Philosophy Doctor Degree, Faculty of Medicine, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Antalya, Turkey
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Soboka M, Gudina EK, Gashaw M, Amare H, Berhane M, Desalegn H, Tewolde D, Jebena MG, Ali S, Wieser A, Froeschl G, Tesfaye M. Depression among people with dyspepsia and H. pylori infection: A community based cross-sectional study in Ethiopia. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0275424. [PMID: 36201454 PMCID: PMC9536533 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is the most common mental health problem, and frequently associated with physical illnesses. A link between depression, dyspepsia and Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection has previously been reported. However, there is limited data regarding the association between these conditions from sub-Saharan Africa where they are highly prevalent. OBJECTIVE This study aimed at elucidating the potential associations between depression, dyspepsia and H. pylori infection in Ethiopia. METHODS We conducted a community based cross-sectional study involving urban and rural residents aged 13 years or older in Jimma Zone, southwest Ethiopia. A total of 871 participants were evaluated using a structured case reporting format for symptoms of dyspepsia and the patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9) for depression. Additionally, participants were assessed for H. pylori infection using stool antigen and serology tests. A multivariate logistic regression was used to identify the association between depression, dyspepsia and H. pylori infection after controlling for potential confounders. RESULTS The prevalence of PHQ-9 scores indicative of probable case of depression among all participants was 10.9%. The prevalence of probable case of depression among patients who had at least one symptom of dyspepsia was 13.3% (X2 = 15.1 = p-value<0.001), while it was 11.9% (X2 = 1.23, p-value = 0.26) among patients who had H. pylori infection. Out of patients who took medications for their heartburn in the past 30 days, 14.9% (X2 = 3.6, p-value = 0.06) had probable case of depression. Dyspepsia symptoms such as epigastric discomfort (aOR = 2.59, 95%CI = 1.14, 5.87), postprandial fullness (aOR = 1.70, 95%CI = 1.48, 5.51), nausea (aOR = 1.71, 95%CI = 1.04, 2.82) excessive belching (aOR = 0.53, 95%CI = 0.31, 0.92) were associated with probable case of depression. However, being H. pylori test positive, gender, and age were not associated with probable case of depression. CONCLUSIONS There was an increased prevalence of probable case of depression among patients who had dyspepsia symptoms and H. pylori infection. Longitudinal studies are needed to examine possible further determinants of association between symptoms of dyspepsia and probable case of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matiwos Soboka
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Mulatu Gashaw
- School of Medical Laboratory Science, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Hiwot Amare
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Melkamu Berhane
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Hailemichale Desalegn
- Department of Internal Medicine, St. Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Dagimawi Tewolde
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Mulusew Gerbababa Jebena
- Faculty of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, College of Health Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Solomon Ali
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, St. Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Andreas Wieser
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Guenter Froeschl
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Markos Tesfaye
- Department of Psychiatry, St. Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Issues Related to the Treatment of H. pylori Infection in People Living with HIV and Receiving Antiretrovirals. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10081541. [PMID: 36013959 PMCID: PMC9413132 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10081541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection in people living with HIV is associated with several challenges, including those related to drug metabolism which plays a major role in treatment efficacy. In this review, we will discuss the enzymes involved in the metabolism of anti-Helicobacter pylori and anti-HIV drugs to provide a basis for understanding the potential for interactions between these drug classes. We will also provide a clinical perspective on other issues related to the treatment of Helicobacter pylori and HIV infections such as comorbidities, adherence, and peer communication. Finally, based on our understanding of the interplay between the above issues, we propose a new concept “Antimicrobial susceptibility testing-drug interaction-supports-referent physician” (AISR), to provide a framework for improving rates of H. pylori eradication in people living with HIV.
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Azadbakht S, Moayyedkazemi A, Azadbakht S, Fard SA, Soroush S. Evaluation of antibiotic resistance of Helicobacter pylori bacteria obtained from gastric biopsy samples: A cohort study. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2022; 78:103824. [PMID: 35620040 PMCID: PMC9127161 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2022.103824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Helicobacter pylori infection is associated with a wide range of gastrointestinal diseases and is very common in developing countries. Overuse and self-prescribed antibiotics have led to antibiotic resistance and failure of complete eradication of the bacterium. The aim of this study is to evaluate the antibiotic resistance of h. pylori from samples obtained from gastric biopsy. Methods In this descriptive-analytical study was performed on 205 patients’ samples positive for h. pylori infection. Following h. pylori testing, the sample were culture with different antibiotics to obtain data regarding the resistance. Demographic information of the patients such as age, sex, employment status, area of residence and patient-related factors such as reason for referral, and previous history of treatment were obtained and evaluated for the correlation with antibiotic resistance. Results In this study, the mean age of the subjects was 42.32 ± 16.65 years. The most common reason for referral of patients in the present study was epigastric pain in 49.3% (101 patients). Antibiotic resistance to amoxicillin was 46.8%, tetracycline was 41%, metronidazole was 33.2%, clarithromycin was 70.7%. levofloxacin was 36.1% and bismuth was 19.5%. Sex, age, type of living (rural or urban), employment, reason for referral and history of treatment was not associated with any antibiotic resistance, p > 0.05. Conclusion Our study showed that clarithromycin resistance is the most common in our population followed by amoxicillin and tetracycline. Excessive use of these antibiotics and self-prescription should be analyzed in future studies and public-awareness programs might be required. H.pylori infection is associated with a wide range of gastrointestinal diseases. Self-prescribed antibiotics have led to antibiotic resistance and failure of complete eradication. Clarithromycin resistance is the most common in our population followed by amoxicillin and tetracycline.
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Mazumder S, Rahman F, Akter F, Khatun R, Akter S, Saha S, Jilani MS, Sayeed M, Haq J. Asymptomatic Helicobacter pylori infection among rural children and adolescents in Bangladesh. IMC JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.55010/imcjms.16.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives: The Helicobacter pylori infection rate varies according to the age, location of the residence and socioeconomic status. The aim of the present study was to investigate the status of H. pylori infection among the asymptomatic Bangladeshi rural children and adolescents.
Material and methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in a rural area under Pabna district about 150 km north-west of capital Dhaka. Asymptomatic and apparently healthy rural children and adolescents aged 6 to 18 years were enrolled in the study. A structured questionnaire was used to record the socio-demographic and clinical information. The rate of H. pylori infection was determined by the presence of H. pylori antigen in faeces and/or anti-H. pylori IgG and/or IgA antibodies in blood. H. pylori stool antigen was detected by lateral flow chromatographic immunoassay and serum anti-H. pylori IgG and IgA antibodies were estimated by ELISA method.
Results: A total number of 185 asymptomatic and apparently healthy children and adolescents were enrolled of which 34, 131 and 20 were in 6-10, 11-15 and 16-18 years age groups respectively. The overall H. pylori infection rate was 79.5% (95% CI: 0.729, 0.85) by positive stool antigen or by the presence of serum anti-H. pylori IgG/IgA antibodies. The rate of H. pylori infection significantly (p=0.05) increased with progress of age. H. pylori infection rate was 67.6%, 80.2% and 95% in 6-10, 11-15 and 16-18 years age groups respectively. The concentration of serum anti-H. pylori IgG/IgA antibodies did not differ across the age groups. The infection rate was significantly (p<0.05) higher among the children of illiterate parents compared to the children of literate parents.
Conclusion: The study demonstrated a high prevalence of H. pylori infection among children and adolescents in a rural setting. Gender and family history did not affect H. pylori prevalence but increasing age and poor educational status of parents were associated with a higher H. pylori prevalence.
IMC J Med Sci 2022; 16(2): 007. DOI: https://doi.org/10.55010/imcjms.16.017
*Correspondence: J. Ashraful Haq, Department of Microbiology, Ibrahim Medical College, 1/A, Ibrahim Sarani, Segunbagicha, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh. Email: jahaq54@yahoo.com
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Affiliation(s)
- Sraboni Mazumder
- Department of Microbiology, Ibrahim Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Fahmida Rahman
- Department of Microbiology, Ibrahim Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Farjana Akter
- Department of Microbiology, Ibrahim Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Rehana Khatun
- Department of Microbiology, Ibrahim Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Shahida Akter
- Department of Microbiology, Ibrahim Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Supti Saha
- Department of Microbiology, Ibrahim Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Mohammad Sayeed
- Department of Community Medicine, Ibrahim Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Jalaluddin Haq
- Department of Microbiology, Ibrahim Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Mehdipour A, Chaboki P, Rasouli Asl F, Aghaali M, Sharifinejad N, Shams S. Comparing the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori and virulence factors cagA, vacA, and dupA in supra-gingival dental plaques of children with and without dental caries: a case-control study. BMC Oral Health 2022; 22:170. [PMID: 35534888 PMCID: PMC9087938 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02175-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Helicobacter pylori infection is one of the most common infectious diseases in humans. Dental plaque is considered as a reservoir of this bacterium, which could play an important role in the development of gastrointestinal problems. Our aim was to investigate the prevalence of H. pylori and its virulence factors in dental plaques in children with and without dental caries. Methods Among children aged 6 to 12 years, a total of 72 children were enrolled in the study, including 36 cases with total DMFT/dmft > 3 (case group) and 36 participants with total DMFT/dmft < 1 (control group). After removing supra-gingival plaques from the lower first permanent molar teeth, the samples were examined using PCR method for the presence of H. pylori and some of its virulence factors. Statistical analysis was performed using chi-square, Fisher' exact test, t-tests, and logistic regression. Results Of 72 participants, 40 cases were male, and 32 cases were female. The minimum and maximum values of total DMFT/dmft indices were zero and ten, respectively, and the mean ± SD value of total DMFT/dmft was 2.78 ± 3.22. Except for vegetable consumption (p = 0.045), there was no significant difference between the two groups regarding gastrointestinal disorders, feeding methods in infancy (p = 0.058), frequency of daily brushing (p = 0.808), frequency of dental visits (p = 0.101), and history of dental scaling (p = 0.246) and professional topical fluoride therapy (p = 0.5). Out of 72 samples, 15 cases were positive for H. pylori DNA (20.8%), and there was no significant association between the presence of this bacterium in dental plaque and dental caries (p = 0.281). The frequency of virulence factors detected in 15 H. pylori cases was as follows: cagA in six cases (40.0%), vacAm1 in three cases (20.0%), and vacAs1 in one case (6.7%). There was no significant difference between the groups regarding the prevalence of virulence factors. Conclusion Our results indicate the presence of H. pylori along with some virulence factors in dental plaques as a reservoir of this bacterium in children in Iran. Although there was no significant association between this bacterium and the incidence of dental caries, dental health in children needs to be seriously taken into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Mehdipour
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Parisa Chaboki
- Student Research Committee, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Rasouli Asl
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Mohammad Aghaali
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Negar Sharifinejad
- Student Research Committee, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Saeed Shams
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran.
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Helicobacter pylori Infection in a Pediatric Population from Romania: Risk Factors, Clinical and Endoscopic Features and Treatment Compliance. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11092432. [PMID: 35566557 PMCID: PMC9099726 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11092432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between H. pylori positivity with specific symptoms, risk factors and endoscopic patterns among the pediatric population in northeastern Romania. Materials and Methods: A prospective study was performed in 18 months on 185 children aged 6−18 years with an indication for upper digestive endoscopy. Demographic, anamnestic, symptomatic, endoscopic and histologic data were recorded. Results: Of 116 H. pylori-positive children, the most affected group was 15−17 years. Most (65.5%) of them were girls, with a significant association (p < 0.001). The majority (66.4%) lived in a rural area and 47.4% of children had an unsafe source of water and lived in overcrowded houses with no basic sanitary comfort. The most frequent symptom was epigastric pain (56.9%), and the main endoscopic appearance was nodularity and hyperemia. Patients diagnosed with H. pylori started triple-therapy treatment for 14 days. Only 13.8% stopped the treatment, mainly because of a misunderstanding of the treatment protocol (9.5%). Conclusions: Romanian teen girls living in rural areas are at high risk for H. pylori infection. Epigastric pain and endoscopic nodularity of the gastric mucosa were associated with the infection. As the resistance of the bacteria is unknown in our country, future research is needed in order to improve the eradication rate.
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Mohammadi A, Khanbabaei H, Zandi F, Ahmadi A, Haftcheshmeh SM, Johnston TP, Sahebkar A. Curcumin: A therapeutic strategy for targeting the Helicobacter pylori-related diseases. Microb Pathog 2022; 166:105552. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Vaillant L, Oster P, McMillan B, Orozco Fernandez E, Velin D. GM-CSF is key in the efficacy of vaccine-induced reduction of Helicobacter pylori infection. Helicobacter 2022; 27:e12875. [PMID: 35092634 PMCID: PMC9285700 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) colonizes the human gastric mucosa with a high worldwide prevalence. Currently, H. pylori is eradicated by the use of antibiotics. However, elevated antibiotic resistance suggests new therapeutic strategies need to be envisioned: one approach being prophylactic vaccination. Pre-clinical and clinical data show that a urease-based vaccine is efficient in decreasing H. pylori infection through the mobilization of T helper (Th) cells, especially Th17 cells. Th17 cells produce interleukins such as IL-22 and IL-17, among others, and are key players in vaccine efficacy. Recently, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)-producing Th17 cells have been identified. AIM This study explores the possibility that GM-CSF plays a role in the reduction of H. pylori infection following vaccination. RESULTS We demonstrate that GM-CSF+ IL-17+ Th17 cells accumulate in the stomach mucosa of H. pylori infected mice during the vaccine-induced reduction of H. pylori infection. Secondly, we provide evidence that vaccinated GM-CSF deficient mice only modestly reduce H. pylori infection. Conversely, we observe that an increase in GM-CSF availability reduces H. pylori burden in chronically infected mice. Thirdly, we show that GM-CSF, by acting on gastric epithelial cells, promotes the production of βdefensin3, which exhibits H. pylori bactericidal activities. CONCLUSION Taken together, we demonstrate a key role of GM-CSF, most probably originating from Th17 cells, in the vaccine-induced reduction of H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie Vaillant
- Service of Gastroenterology and HepatologyCentre Hospitalier Universitaire VaudoisUniversity of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Paul Oster
- Service of Gastroenterology and HepatologyCentre Hospitalier Universitaire VaudoisUniversity of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Brynn McMillan
- Service of Gastroenterology and HepatologyCentre Hospitalier Universitaire VaudoisUniversity of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Eulalia Orozco Fernandez
- Service of Gastroenterology and HepatologyCentre Hospitalier Universitaire VaudoisUniversity of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Dominique Velin
- Service of Gastroenterology and HepatologyCentre Hospitalier Universitaire VaudoisUniversity of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
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Sampath G, Govarthanan M, K S, N P, Rameshkumar N, Krishnan M, Nagarajan K. Isolation and identification of metronidazole resistance Helicobacter pylori from gastric patients in the southeastern region of India and its advanced antibacterial treatment using biological silver oxide nanoparticles. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2022.108445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Yuan C, Adeloye D, Luk TT, Huang L, He Y, Xu Y, Ye X, Yi Q, Song P, Rudan I. The global prevalence of and factors associated with Helicobacter pylori infection in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. THE LANCET. CHILD & ADOLESCENT HEALTH 2022; 6:185-194. [PMID: 35085494 DOI: 10.1016/s2352-4642(21)00400-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Synthesised data on the prevalence of, and factors associated with, paediatric Helicobacter pylori infection at the global level remain scarce. We aimed to estimate the global prevalence of H pylori infection and its associated factors in children and adolescents. METHODS In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched PubMed, Embase, MEDLINE, and Scopus for observational population-based studies published between database inception and Oct 25, 2021, without language or geographical restrictions. We included studies that reported the prevalence of H pylori infection in children aged 18 years or younger. Records were screened and data were extracted using a standardised extraction form. We estimated the worldwide prevalence of H pylori infection in children (our main outcome) using multilevel mixed-effects meta-regression and then stratified prevalence by diagnostic method (serology vs urea breath tests or stool antigen tests). We analysed the significance of associated factors using a random-effects meta-analysis. This study is registered in PROSPERO, CRD42020209717. FINDINGS We identified 3181 records, of which 198 articles with 632 data points from 152 650 children were included. The overall global prevalence of H pylori infection in children was 32·3% (95% CI 27·3-37·8), which varied by diagnostic test (28·6% [23·0-35·0] for serology vs 35·9% [29·2-43·2] for urea breath tests or stool antigen tests). Regardless of diagnostic test, the prevalence of H pylori infection was significantly higher in low-income and middle-income countries than in high-income countries (43·2% [36·5-50·2] vs 21·7% [16·9-27·4]; p<0·0001) and in older children than in younger children (41·6% [35·6-47·8] in 13-18-year-olds vs 33·9% [28·6-39·7] in 7-12-year-olds vs 26·0% [21·4-31·0] in 0-6-year-olds; p<0·0001). Paediatric H pylori infection was significantly associated with lower economic status (odds ratio [OR] 1·63 [95% CI 1·46-1·82]), more siblings or children (1·84 [1·44-2·36]), room sharing (1·89 [1·49-2·40]), no access to a sewage system (1·60 [1·22-2·10]), having a mother infected with H pylori (3·31 [2·21-4·98]), having a sibling or siblings infected with H pylori (3·33 [1·53-7·26]), drinking unboiled or non-treated water (1·52 [1·32-1·76]), and older age (OR per year 1·27 [1·15-1·40]). INTERPRETATION H pylori infection is still highly prevalent in children and adolescents globally. Our findings can help to guide further research and the development and implementation of preventive and therapeutic measures to reduce H pylori infection in children. FUNDING None.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changzheng Yuan
- School of Public Health, the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; National Clinical Research Centre for Child Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Davies Adeloye
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Tzu Tsun Luk
- School of Nursing, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Liyan Huang
- School of Public Health, the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; National Clinical Research Centre for Child Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yusa He
- School of Public Health, the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; National Clinical Research Centre for Child Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yunhan Xu
- Department of Maternal and Child health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinxin Ye
- School of Public Health and Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qian Yi
- School of Public Health and Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peige Song
- School of Public Health and Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Igor Rudan
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Inflammation, Fibrosis and Cancer: Mechanisms, Therapeutic Options and Challenges. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14030552. [PMID: 35158821 PMCID: PMC8833582 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Uncontrolled inflammation is a salient factor in multiple chronic inflammatory diseases and cancers. In this review, we provided an in-depth analysis of the relationships and distinctions between uncontrolled inflammation, fibrosis and cancers, while emphasizing the challenges and opportunities of developing novel therapies for the treatment and/or management of these diseases. We described how drug delivery systems, combination therapy and the integration of tissue-targeted and/or pathways selective strategies could overcome the challenges of current agents for managing and/or treating chronic inflammatory diseases and cancers. We also recognized the value of the re-evaluation of the disease-specific roles of multiple pathways implicated in the pathophysiology of chronic inflammatory diseases and cancers-as well as the application of data from single-cell RNA sequencing in the success of future drug discovery endeavors.
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Chen BR, Li WM, Li TL, Chan YL, Wu CJ. Fucoidan from Sargassum hemiphyllum inhibits infection and inflammation of Helicobacter pylori. Sci Rep 2022; 12:429. [PMID: 35013458 PMCID: PMC8748467 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04151-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Having infected by Helicobacter pylori, the infection often leads to gastritis, gastric ulcer, or even gastric cancer. The disease is typically treated with antibiotics as they used to effectively inhibit or kill H. pylori, thus reducing the incidence of gastric adenoma and cancer to significant extent. H. pylori, however, has developed drug resistance to many clinically used antibiotics over the years, highlighting the crisis of antibiotic failure during the H. pylori treatment. We report here that the fucoidan from Sargassum hemiphyllum can significantly reduce the infection of H. pylori without developing to drug resistance. Fucoidan appears to be a strong anti-inflammation agent as manifested by the RAW264.7 cell model examination. Fucoidan can prohibit H. pylori adhesion to host cells, thereby reducing the infection rate by 60%, especially in post treatment in the AGS cell model assay. Mechanistically, fucoidan intervenes the adhesion of BabA and AlpA of H. pylori significantly lowering the total count of H. pylori and the level of IL-6 and TNF-α in vivo. These results all converge on the same fact that fucoidan is an effective agent in a position to protect the stomach from the H. pylori infection by reducing both the total count and induced inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Rui Chen
- Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan, ROC
- Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Food Science and Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, 2, Pei Ning Road, Keelung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wei-Ming Li
- Department of Food Science and Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, 2, Pei Ning Road, Keelung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tsung-Lin Li
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Lin Chan
- Department of Life Science, Chinese Culture University, 55, Hwa Kang Road, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Chang-Jer Wu
- Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan, ROC.
- Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
- Department of Food Science and Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, 2, Pei Ning Road, Keelung, Taiwan, ROC.
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC.
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC.
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Rodriguez AM, Urrea DA, Prada CF. Helicobacter pylori virulence factors: relationship between genetic variability and phylogeographic origin. PeerJ 2021; 9:e12272. [PMID: 34900406 PMCID: PMC8628625 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Helicobacter pylori is a pathogenic bacteria that colonize the gastrointestinal tract from human stomachs and causes diseases including gastritis, peptic ulcers, gastric lymphoma (MALT), and gastric cancer, with a higher prevalence in developing countries. Its high genetic diversity among strains is caused by a high mutation rate, observing virulence factors (VFs) variations in different geographic lineages. This study aimed to postulate the genetic variability associated with virulence factors present in the Helicobacter pylori strains, to identify the relationship of these genes with their phylogeographic origin. Methods The complete genomes of 135 strains available in NCBI, from different population origins, were analyzed using bioinformatics tools, identifying a high rate; as well as reorganization events in 87 virulence factor genes, divided into seven functional groups, to determine changes in position, number of copies, nucleotide identity and size, contrasting them with their geographical lineage and pathogenic phenotype. Results Bioinformatics analyses show a high rate of gene annotation errors in VF. Analysis of genetic variability of VFs shown that there is not a direct relationship between the reorganization and geographic lineage. However, regarding the pathogenic phenotype demonstrated in the analysis of many copies, size, and similarity when dividing the strains that possess and not the cag pathogenicity island (cagPAI), having a higher risk of developing gastritis and peptic ulcer was evidenced. Our data has shown that the analysis of the overall genetic variability of all VFs present in each strain of H. pylori is key information in understanding its pathogenic behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aura M Rodriguez
- Grupo de Investigación de Biología y Ecología de Artrópodos. Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad del Tolima, Ibague, Tolima, Colombia
| | - Daniel A Urrea
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Parasitología Tropical. Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad del Tolima, Ibague, Tolima, Colombia
| | - Carlos F Prada
- Grupo de Investigación de Biología y Ecología de Artrópodos. Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad del Tolima, Ibague, Tolima, Colombia
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Dao LV, Dao HV, Nguyen HT, Vu VT, Tran ATN, Dat VQ, Hoang LB, Nguyen HTV, Nguyen TD. Helicobacter pylori infection and eradication outcomes among Vietnamese patients in the same households: Findings from a non-randomized study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260454. [PMID: 34818349 PMCID: PMC8612553 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Familial transmission can possibly influence the infection and treatment of Helicobacter pylori. This study aimed to describe the prevalence of H. pylori infection and outcomes of eradication treatment among Vietnamese patients who live in the same households. Methods We conducted a prospective cohort study of Vietnamese household members with upper gastrointestinal complaints. Participants received esophagogastroduodenoscopy and H. pylori testing. The H. pylori-positive patients were treated and asked to return for follow-up within 4 months. To explore factors associated with H. pylori infection at baseline, we performed multilevel logistic regression to account for the clustering effect of living in the same households. To explore factors associated with eradication failure, we used Poisson regression with robust variance estimation to estimate the risk ratio. Results The prevalence of H. pylori infection was 83.5% and highest among children <12 years old (92.2%) in 1,272 patients from 482 households. There were variations in H. pylori infection across households (intraclass correlation = 0.14, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.05, 0.33). Children aged <12 years had higher odds of H. pylori infection (odds ratio = 3.41, 95%CI 2.11, 5.50). At follow-up, H. pylori was eradicated in 264 of 341 patients (77.4%). The risk of eradication failure was lower for the sequential regimen with tetracycline. Conclusion H. pylori infection was common among people living in the same households. Eradication success for H. pylori was higher for the tetracycline sequential regimen. More research should be focused on how family factors influence H. pylori infection and on eradication treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Van Dao
- Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Internal Medicine Faculty, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Hang Viet Dao
- Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Internal Medicine Faculty, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
- * E-mail:
| | - Hao Thi Nguyen
- Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Vung Thi Vu
- Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | - Vu Quoc Dat
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Long Bao Hoang
- Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Hong Thi Van Nguyen
- Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Internal Medicine Faculty, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
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Gollapalli P, Selvan G T, H M, Shetty P, Kumari N S. Genome-scale protein interaction network construction and topology analysis of functional hypothetical proteins in Helicobacter pylori divulges novel therapeutic targets. Microb Pathog 2021; 161:105293. [PMID: 34800634 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The emergence and spread of multi-drug resistance among Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) strain raise more stakes for genetic research for discovering new drugs. The quantity of uncharacterized hypothetical proteins in the genome may provide an opportunity to explore their property and promulgation could act as a platform for designing the drugs, making them an intriguing genetic target. In this context, the present study aims to identify the key hypothetical proteins (HPs) and their biological regulatory processes in H. pylori. This investigation could provide a foundation to establish the molecular connectivity among the pathways using topological analysis of the protein interaction networks (PINs). The giant network derived from the extended network has 374 nodes connected via 925 edges. A total of 43 proteins with high betweenness centrality (BC), 54 proteins with a large degree, and 23 proteins with high BC and large degrees have been identified. HP 1479, HP 0056, HP 1481, HP 1021, HP 0043, HP 1019, gmd, flgA, HP 0472, HP 1486, HP 1478, and HP 1473 are categorized as hub nodes because they have a higher number of direct connections and are potentially more important in understanding HP's molecular interactions. The pathway enrichment analysis of the network clusters revealed significant involvement of HPs in pathways such as flagellar assembly, bacterial chemotaxis and lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis. This comprehensive computational study revealed HP's functional role and its druggability characteristics, which could be useful in the development of drugs to combat H. pylori infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavan Gollapalli
- Central Research Laboratory, KS Hegde Medical Academy, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, 575018, Karnataka, India.
| | - Tamizh Selvan G
- Central Research Laboratory, KS Hegde Medical Academy, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Manjunatha H
- Department of Biochemistry, Jnana Bharathi Campus, Bangalore University, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560056, India
| | - Praveenkumar Shetty
- Central Research Laboratory, KS Hegde Medical Academy, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Suchetha Kumari N
- Central Research Laboratory, KS Hegde Medical Academy, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, 575018, Karnataka, India
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Wu SE, Chen WL. Detrimental relevance of Helicobacter pylori infection with sarcopenia. Gut Pathog 2021; 13:67. [PMID: 34782007 PMCID: PMC8591825 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-021-00464-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), Gram negative microaerophilic bacteria, is a well-known pathogen of many gastrointestinal diseases. But several emerging evidences suggest it role in numerous other extra-gastric diseases. The current study investigates the relationship between H. pylori infection and sarcopenia, a clinical condition characterized by the loss of mass and function of skeletal muscle. A total of 3453 eligible participants from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), the United States, were enrolled. Based on the serum laboratory results, subjects were categorized into three groups: normal (without evidence of any H. pylori infection), anti-H. pylori IgG positive [H. pylori (+)], and concurrent anti-H. pylori IgG and anti-cytotoxin-associated gene A IgG positive [CagA (+)]. Sarcopenia was determined as having a skeletal muscle index (SMI) value that is more than 1 standard deviation away from the mean value of sex-specific, healthy young adults between 20 and 39 years old. Risk of sarcopenia and its components are compared between subgroups. RESULTS Odds ratios (OR) for confirmed diagnosis of sarcopenia were higher in H. pylori (+) (OR = 2.052, 95% CI 1.697-2.481, p < 0.001) and CagA (+) (OR = 1.585, 95% CI 1.278-1.965, p < 0.001) groups. Moreover, negative beta regression coefficient of SMI were shown in H. pylori (+) (β: - 0.023, p < 0.001) and CagA (+) (β: - 0.017, p < 0.001). Sub-analyses which categorized participants by gender revealed that absolute value of beta regression coefficient for SMI were higher in female in H. pylori (+) subgroup (β: - 1.745 in male and - 2.942 in female, p were both < 0.001), and the CagA (+) subgroup (β: - 1.407 in male and - 2.159 in female, p were both < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Positive serum H. pylori infectious markers including anti-H. pylori antibody and CagA seropositivity are correlated with sarcopenia and low muscle quantity. Therefore, H. pylori eradication therapy may bring benefits to sarcopenia patients with concurrent active H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shou-En Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Tri-Service General Hospital; and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital; and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital; and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Number 325, Section 2, Chang-gong Rd, Nei-Hu District, Taipei, 114, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Wei-Liang Chen
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital; and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital; and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Number 325, Section 2, Chang-gong Rd, Nei-Hu District, Taipei, 114, Taiwan, Republic of China.
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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Saracino IM, Pavoni M, Zullo A, Fiorini G, Saccomanno L, Lazzarotto T, Antonelli G, Cavallo R, Borghi C, Vaira D. Rescue Therapies for Helicobacter pylori Infection in Foreign Patients Treated in Italy. J Clin Gastroenterol 2021; 55:865-868. [PMID: 33136782 DOI: 10.1097/mcg.0000000000001457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS MATERIALS AND METHODS Consecutive foreigner patients with H. pylori infection following at least one therapy failure were enrolled. All patients underwent upper endoscopy with gastric biopsies used for both histologic examination and culture/susceptibility test. Rescue therapies administered accordingly to susceptibility testing were rifabutin-based therapy, levofloxacin-based therapy, sequential. Pylera was prescribed regardless the resistance pattern. RESULTS A total of 103 (M/F: 27/76, mean age: 41.9 y, range: 18 to 85) were enrolled. The overall resistance rates toward clarithromycin, metronidazole, and levofloxacin were 76.7%, 66%, and 42.7%, respectively, with triple resistance present in 33.9% of bacterial isolates. Eradication rates were 71.4% on 40 patients for rifabutin-based therapy, 82.8% on 42 cases for levofloxacin-based therapy, 75% on 11 patients treated with sequential therapy, and 100% on 10 cases who received Pylera regimen. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is the first study assessing H. pylori eradication rates in foreigner patients, who failed at least one therapeutic attempt, managed in Italy. Even by using a culture-based approach, the infection was not cured in a definite number of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matteo Pavoni
- Departments of Surgical and Medical Sciences
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome
| | - Angelo Zullo
- Gastroenterology Unit, 'Nuovo Regina Margherita' Hospital
| | | | | | - Tiziana Lazzarotto
- Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna
| | - Guido Antonelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome
| | - Rossana Cavallo
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, University Hospital Città Della Salute e Della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Dino Vaira
- Departments of Surgical and Medical Sciences
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Helicobacter pylori and Epstein-Barr Virus Coinfection Stimulates Aggressiveness in Gastric Cancer through the Regulation of Gankyrin. mSphere 2021; 6:e0075121. [PMID: 34585958 PMCID: PMC8550222 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00751-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent coinfection with Helicobacter pylori and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) promotes aggressive gastric carcinoma (GC). The molecular mechanisms underlying the aggressiveness in H. pylori and EBV-mediated GC are not well characterized. We investigated the molecular mechanism involved in H. pylori- and EBV-driven proliferation of gastric epithelial cells. Results showed that the coinfection is significantly more advantageous to the pathogens as coinfection creates a microenvironment favorable to higher pathogen-associated gene expression. The EBV latent genes ebna1 and ebna3c are highly expressed in the coinfection compared to lone EBV infection at 12 and 24 h. The H. pylori-associated genes 16S rRNA, cagA, and babA were also highly expressed during coinfection compared to H. pylori alone. In addition, upregulation of gankyrin, which is a small oncoprotein, modulates various cell signaling pathways, leading to oncogenesis. Notably, the knockdown of gankyrin decreased the cancer properties of gastric epithelial cells. Gankyrin showed a similar expression pattern as that of ebna3c at both transcript and protein levels, suggesting a possible correlation. Further, EBV and H. pylori created a microenvironment that induced cell transformation and oncogenesis through dysregulation of the cell cycle regulatory (ccnd1, dapk3, pcna, and akt), GC marker (abl1, tff-2, and cdx2), cell migration (mmp3 and mmp7), DNA response (pRB, pten, and p53), and antiapoptotic (bcl2) genes in infected gastric epithelial cells through gankyrin. Our study provides a new insight into the interplay of two oncogenic agents (H. pylori and EBV) that leads to an enhanced carcinogenic activity in gastric epithelial cells through overexpression of gankyrin. IMPORTANCE In the present study, we evaluated the synergistic effects of EBV and H. pylori infection on gastric epithelial cells in various coinfection models. These coinfection models were among the first to depict the exposures of gastric epithelial cells to EBV followed by H. pylori; however, coinfection models exist that narrated the scenario upon exposure to H. pylori followed by that to EBV. We determined that a coinfection by EBV and H. pylori enhanced the expression of oncogenic protein gankyrin. The interplay between EBV and H. pylori promoted the oncogenic properties of AGS cells like elevated focus formation, cell migration, and cell proliferation through gankyrin. EBV and H. pylori mediated an enhanced expression of gankyrin, which further dysregulated cancer-associated genes such as cell migratory, tumor suppressor, DNA damage response, and proapoptotic genes.
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Noronha BP, Mambrini JVDM, Torres KCL, Martins-Filho OA, Teixeira-Carvalho A, Lima-Costa MF, Peixoto SV. Chlamydia pneumoniae and Helicobacter pylori infections and immunological profile of community-dwelling older adults. Exp Gerontol 2021; 156:111589. [PMID: 34637947 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Chronic bacterial infections are associated with changes in the immunosenescence process and immunological biomarkers can assist in monitoring these changes. The identification of this immunological profile is important because Chlamydia pneumoniae (C. pneumoniae) and Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infections are important factors of morbidity and mortality among the older adults. This study aimed to identify changes in the immunological profile in the presence of C. pneumoniae and H. pylori infections among community-dwelling older adults. This is a cross-sectional study that used data from 1432 participants from the Bambuí Cohort Study of Aging, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The presence of immunoglobulin G (IgG) for C. pneumoniae and H. pylori was considered a dependent variable and assessed in the participants' serum using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In assessing the immunological profile, the following inflammatory markers were considered: CXCL8, CXCL9, CXCL10, CCL2, CCL5, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, TNF, and CRP. Associations were assessed by logistic regression, estimating odds ratios and confidence intervals (95%) using the Stata® V.13.1 software. The seroprevalence of anti-C. pneumoniae and anti-H. pylori antibodies was 55.9% and 70.3%, respectively. While high levels of anti-C. pneumoniae antibodies were associated with higher concentrations of CXCL10 and IL-10, higher levels of IL-1β and IL-6 were inversely associated with the titration of anti-H. pylori antibodies. The results characterize immunological profiles associated with these chronic infections and reinforce the potential effects of biomarkers on infections by these bacteria and on the immunosenescence process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Prado Noronha
- Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz Minas, Núcleo de Estudos em Saúde Pública e Envelhecimento, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Juliana Vaz de Melo Mambrini
- Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz Minas, Núcleo de Estudos em Saúde Pública e Envelhecimento, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Karen Cecília Lima Torres
- Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz Minas, Grupo Integrado de Pesquisas em Biomarcadores, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Universidade José do Rosário Vellano, UNIFENAS, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Olindo Assis Martins-Filho
- Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz Minas, Grupo Integrado de Pesquisas em Biomarcadores, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Andréa Teixeira-Carvalho
- Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz Minas, Grupo Integrado de Pesquisas em Biomarcadores, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Maria Fernanda Lima-Costa
- Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz Minas, Núcleo de Estudos em Saúde Pública e Envelhecimento, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Sérgio Viana Peixoto
- Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz Minas, Núcleo de Estudos em Saúde Pública e Envelhecimento, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Escola de Enfermagem, Departamento de Gestão em Saúde, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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O'Donovan C, Davern M, Donlon NE, Lysaght J, Conroy MJ. Chemokine-targeted therapies: An opportunity to remodel immune profiles in gastro-oesophageal tumours. Cancer Lett 2021; 521:224-236. [PMID: 34506844 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapies are transforming outcomes for many cancer patients and are quickly becoming the fourth pillar of cancer therapy. However, their efficacy of only ∼25% in gastro-oesophageal cancer has been disappointing. This is attributed to factors such as insufficient patient stratification and the pro-tumourigenic immune landscape of gastro-oesophageal tumours. The chemokine profiles of solid tumours and the availability of effector immune cells greatly influence the immune infiltrate, producing 'cold' or 'immune-excluded' tumours in which immunotherapies are unable to reinvigorate the immune response. Other biological functions for chemokines have emerged, such as promoting cell survival, polarising T cell responses, and supporting several hallmarks of cancer. Therefore, chemokine networks may be exploited with therapeutic intent to mobilise and polarise anti-tumour immune cells, with further utility as combination treatments to augment the efficacy of current cancer immunotherapies. Few studies have demonstrated the clinical benefit of chemokine-targeted therapies as monotherapies, and this review proposes their consideration as combination treatments. Herein, we explore the anti-tumour and pro-tumour implications of chemokine signalling in gastro-oesophageal cancer and discuss their value as prognostic and predictive biomarkers in response to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cillian O'Donovan
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Group, Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital Campus, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Maria Davern
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Group, Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital Campus, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Noel E Donlon
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Group, Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital Campus, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Joanne Lysaght
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Group, Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital Campus, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Melissa J Conroy
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Group, Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital Campus, Dublin 8, Ireland; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland.
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Bala S, Yellamanda KV, Kadari A, Ravinuthala VSU, Kattula B, Singh OV, Gundla R, Addlagatta A. Selective inhibition of Helicobacter pylori methionine aminopeptidase by azaindole hydroxamic acid derivatives: Design, synthesis, in vitro biochemical and structural studies. Bioorg Chem 2021; 115:105185. [PMID: 34329997 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Methionine aminopeptidases (MetAPs) are an important class of enzymes that work co-translationally for the removal of initiator methionine. Chemical inhibition or gene knockdown is lethal to the microbes suggesting that they can be used as antibiotic targets. However, sequence and structural similarity between the microbial and host MetAPs has been a challenge in the identification of selective inhibitors. In this study, we have analyzed several thousands of MetAP sequences and established a pattern of variation in the S1 pocket of the enzyme. Based on this knowledge, we have designed a library of 17 azaindole based hydroxamic acid derivatives which selectively inhibited the MetAP from H. pylori compared to the human counterpart. Structural studies provided the molecular basis for the selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeepchowdary Bala
- Division of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, Telangana, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201 002, India
| | - Kalisha Vali Yellamanda
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, GITAM Deemed to be University, Hyderabad 502 102, Telangana, India
| | - Anilkumar Kadari
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, GITAM Deemed to be University, Hyderabad 502 102, Telangana, India
| | - Venkata S U Ravinuthala
- Division of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, Telangana, India
| | - Bhavita Kattula
- Division of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, Telangana, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201 002, India
| | - Om V Singh
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, GITAM Deemed to be University, Hyderabad 502 102, Telangana, India
| | - Rambabu Gundla
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, GITAM Deemed to be University, Hyderabad 502 102, Telangana, India.
| | - Anthony Addlagatta
- Division of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, Telangana, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201 002, India.
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Mehata S, Tamang MK, Parajuli KR, Rayamajhee B, Yadav UN, Mehta RK, Singh DR. Serum zinc status is a matter of concern among children and non-pregnant women in a nationwide survey of Nepal. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14904. [PMID: 34290324 PMCID: PMC8295332 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94344-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nationally representative population data on zinc status in Nepal is lacking at present. This study analyzed data from the recent Nepal National Micronutrient status survey 2016 to determine the prevalence of zinc deficiency and associated risk factors among children aged 6–59 months (n = 1462) and non-pregnant women aged 15–49 years (n = 1923). Venous blood was collected from the participants to measure micronutrients such as zinc, markers of anemia, RBP (vitamin A), and markers of inflammation. Stool samples were collected to assess soil-transmitted helminths and Helicobacter pylori infection. Socio-demographic, household, and other relevant factors were collected by a structured questionnaire. Serum zinc concentration was measured by Microwave Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry, and zinc deficiency was defined according to the International Zinc Nutrition Consultative Group’s guidelines. Logistic regression was used to examine the predictors of zinc deficiency among the participants. The overall zinc deficiency in children was 22.9%, while it was higher in non-pregnant women (24.7%). The prevalence of anemia among zinc-deficient children was higher (21.3%) than the zinc non-deficit children (18.7%). The prevalence of anemia was 18% among zinc-deficient non-pregnant women compared to 22% non-deficit non-pregnant women. Predictors associated with zinc deficiency among the study children were living in rural areas (AOR = 2.25, 95% CI, [1.13, 4.49]), the occurrence of diarrhea during the two weeks preceding the survey (AOR = 1.57, 95% CI, [1.07, 2.30]), lowest household wealth quintile (AOR = 0.48, 95% CI, [0.25, 0.92]) and lower vitamin A status (AOR = 0.49, 95% CI, [0.28, 0.85]. The predictors associated with zinc deficiency among non-pregnant women were: being underweight (AOR = 1.55, 95% CI, [1.12, 2.15]), fever occurrence during two weeks preceding the survey (AOR = 1.43, 95% CI, [1.04, 1.98]), H. pylori in the stool (AOR = 1.33, 95% CI, [1.04, 1.71]), lowest household wealth quintile (AOR = 0.62, 95% CI,[0.40, 0.94]) and being at risk of folate deficiency (AOR = 0.58, 95% CI,[0.36, 0.94]). We conclude that community-level intervention programs focused on rural children and women to prevent diarrhea, improve nutrition counseling, and provide economic opportunities in rural communities may help to lower zinc deficiency and other micronutrient deficiencies in the Nepalese population. We believe that intervention programs to address zinc deficiency should not be isolated. Instead, integrated approaches are beneficial to improve overall micronutrient status, such as encouraging dietary diversity, providing livelihood opportunities to the unemployed, micronutrient supplementation to vulnerable populations, and consumption of zinc-rich animal-based foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Mehata
- Ministry of Health and Population, Government of Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Man Kumar Tamang
- Center for Research Policy and Implementation, Biratnagar, Nepal. .,Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Kedar Raj Parajuli
- Nutrition Section, Family Welfare Division, Department of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Population, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Binod Rayamajhee
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,Department of Infection and Immunology, Kathmandu Research Institute for Biological Sciences (KRIBS), Lalitpur, Nepal
| | - Uday Narayan Yadav
- Center for Research Policy and Implementation, Biratnagar, Nepal.,Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,School of Public Health and Community Medicine, UNSW, Sydney, Australia.,Department of Public Health, Torrens University, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Dipendra Raman Singh
- Department of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Population, Kathmandu, Nepal
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de Lima Silva LL, Oliveira AKS, Gama AR, Ramos AFPL, Silva AMTC, Blanco AJV, Vieira JDG, Rasmussem LT, Carneiro LC, Barbosa MS. Helicobacter pylori virulence dupA gene: risk factor or protective factor? Braz J Microbiol 2021; 52:1921-1927. [PMID: 34255308 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-021-00553-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is the etiological agent of chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer, and gastric cancer. The duodenal ulcer-promoting gene dupA, which is located in the plasticity region of the H. pylori genome, is homologous to the virB gene which encodes a type IV secretion protein in Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Studies have shown associations between H. pylori dupA-positive strains and gastroduodenal diseases. However, whether dupA acts as a risk factor or protective factor in these diseases remains unclear. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to verify the presence of the dupA gene in infectious H. pylori strains in the Brazilian mid-west and to investigate its association with the clinical outcomes of patients with dyspepsia. Additionally, the phylogenetic origin of the strains was determined. Gastric biopsies from 117 patients with dyspepsia were analyzed using histological and molecular techniques. The hpx gene (16S rRNA) was used to screen for H. pylori infection, and positive samples were then subjected to dupA gene detection and sequencing. The estimated prevalence of H. pylori infection was 64.1%, with the dupA gene being detected in a high proportion of infectious strains (70.7%). Furthermore, a risk analysis revealed that for women, a dupA-positive H. pylori infection increased the chance of developing gastritis by twofold. The partial dupA sequences from isolated infectious strains in this work are similar to those of strains isolated in westerns countries. This study provides useful insights for understanding the role of the H. pylori dupA gene in disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Luiz de Lima Silva
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Núcleo de Estudo da Helicobacter pylori, Departamento de Biociências e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Leste Universitário, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Ana Karoline Silva Oliveira
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Núcleo de Estudo da Helicobacter pylori, Departamento de Biociências e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Leste Universitário, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Aline Rodrigues Gama
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Núcleo de Estudo da Helicobacter pylori, Departamento de Biociências e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Leste Universitário, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Amanda Ferreira Paes Landim Ramos
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Núcleo de Estudo da Helicobacter pylori, Departamento de Biociências e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Leste Universitário, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | | | - Angel José Vieira Blanco
- Departamento de Áreas Acadêmicas, Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia, Campus Inhumas, Inhumas, GO, Brazil
| | - José Daniel Gonçalves Vieira
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Núcleo de Estudo da Helicobacter pylori, Departamento de Biociências e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Leste Universitário, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | | | - Lilian Carla Carneiro
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Núcleo de Estudo da Helicobacter pylori, Departamento de Biociências e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Leste Universitário, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Mônica Santiago Barbosa
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Núcleo de Estudo da Helicobacter pylori, Departamento de Biociências e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Leste Universitário, Goiânia, GO, Brazil.
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Shetty V, Lingadakai R, Pai GC, Ballal M. Profile of Helicobacter pylori cagA &vacA genotypes and its association with the spectrum of gastroduodenal disease. Indian J Med Microbiol 2021; 39:495-499. [PMID: 34172322 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmmb.2021.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Globally, H. pylori virulence factors cagA and vacA genotypes and its variation is leading to the austere form of the gastroduodenal disease. Our objectives were to detect H. pylori in dyspeptic patients from biopsy samples with the validation of the various existing diagnostic tools and to screen the cagA, vacA genotypes profile from biopsy specimens and how it impacts in progression of gastroduodenal disease in southern India. METHODS 374 patients who attended endoscopy unit at Kasturba Hospital, Manipal with their consent obtained their biopsies. H. pylori were detected by HPE, Culture, RUT and PCR and its virulence gene were patterned with PCR. RESULTS The positive rate of H. pylori by HPE, RUT, Culture and PCR were 51.33%, 47.1%, 32.4% and 50.3% respectively and comparison by Bayesian LCMs analysis showed PCR is superior among them. The frequency of H. pylori virulence gene viz cagPAI (cagA) were 80.9%, and vacA alleles-s1m1 (42%), s1m2 (33%) and s2m2 (25%) genotypes by PCR respectively. Four combinations of cagA/vacA genotypes were noted, majority of strains harboured cagA+/vacA s1m1 genotypes (42.6%), interestingly this hyper-virulent strain more frequently seen in severe gastroduodenal disease whereas cagPAI negative strains as well as cagA-/vacA s2m2 combinations (19.1%) are seen most commonly in functional dyspepsia cases and depicted significant association by Chi-square test. CONCLUSIONS This study validates and compares the existing diagnostic methods for detecting H. pylori in biopsies. Also, it reveals some pattern of virulence gene combination will play a vital role in disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vignesh Shetty
- Enteric Diseases Division, Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India; Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID) Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ramachandra Lingadakai
- Department of Surgery, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Ganesh C Pai
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Mamatha Ballal
- Enteric Diseases Division, Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India.
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Mehata S, Parajuli KR, Pant ND, Rayamajhee B, Yadav UN, Mehta RK, Jha P, Mehta N, Dhimal M, Singh DR. Prevalence and correlates of Helicobacter pylori infection among under-five children, adolescent and non-pregnant women in Nepal: Further analysis of Nepal national micronutrient status survey 2016. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009510. [PMID: 34153049 PMCID: PMC8263064 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Most of the Helicobacter pylori infections occur in developing countries. The risk factors for H. pylori infections are poverty, overcrowding, and unhygienic conditions, which are common problems in under-privileged countries such as Nepal. Despite having a high risk of H. pylori infections, no national level study has been conducted to assess prevalence and correlates of H. pylori infection in Nepal. Therefore, we hypothesized that micronutrients such as iron, vitamin B12 deficiency, socio-economic status, and nutritional status correlate with the prevalence of H. pylori infection in Nepal. We studied prevalence and correlates of H. pylori infection among under-five children, adolescents aged 10–19 years and married non-pregnant women aged 20–49 years using data from the Nepal National Micronutrient Status Survey 2016 (NNMSS-2016). H. pylori infection was examined in stool of 6–59 months old children and 20–49 years old non-pregnant women whereas the rapid diagnostic kit using blood sample was used among adolescent boys and girls. Prevalence of H. pylori infection was 18.2% among 6–59 months old children, 14% among adolescent boys and 16% among adolescent girls aged 10–19 years; and 40% among 20–49 years non-pregnant women. Poor socioeconomic status, crowding, and unhygienic condition were found to be positively associated with higher incidence of H. pylori infections. No significant correlation was observed between nutritional and micronutrients status (iron or risk of folate deficiency) with H. pylori infection. Findings from this study suggest that poverty-associated markers are primary contributors of H. pylori infections in Nepalese communities. To control acquisition and persistence of H. pylori infection in Nepal, we suggest improved management of safe drinking water and implementation of sanitation and hygiene programs, with a focus on those of lower socioeconomic status. Helicobacter pylori is associated with a wide spectrum of gastrointestinal diseases and is a common problem in tropical region where inter-human contact is the primary mode of disease transmission. Poor socio-economic status is a crucial fueling factor of H. pylori infection. In this study, the authors present data from Nepal national micronutrient status survey 2016 (NNMSS-2016) and investigated the risk factors associated with H. pylori infections among under-five years old children, 10–19 years old adolescent boys and girls, and 20–49 years non-pregnant women nationwide. Study findings corroborate that poverty-associated markers are the key driving factor of H. pylori infections in Nepal, which can have a manifold effect on nutrition and subsequent child growth retardation. Management of safe drinking water and implementation of sanitation and hygiene practices to decrease acquisition of H. pylori infection is a pressing need in rural parts of Nepal and among marginalized communities. The findings of this study highlight the varied prevalence of H. pylori by age group, gender, place of residence, ethnic group, and ecological regions of the country. Moreover, no significant correlation was observed between nutritional and micronutrients status with H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Mehata
- Ministry of Health and Population, Government of Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal
- * E-mail:
| | - Kedar Raj Parajuli
- Nutrition Section, Family Welfare Division, Department of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Population, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | | | - Binod Rayamajhee
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, Faculty of Medicine and health Sciences, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Infection and Immunology, Kathmandu Research Institute for Biological Sciences (KRIBS), Lalitpur, Nepal
| | - Uday Narayan Yadav
- Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
- School of population Health, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
- Centre for Research Policy and Implementation, Biratnagar, Nepal
- Department of Public Health, Torrens University, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Priya Jha
- Nepal Health Professional Council, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Neha Mehta
- Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | | | - Dipendra Raman Singh
- Department of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Population, Kathmandu, Nepal
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Miftahussurur M, Windia A, Syam AF, Nusi IA, Alfaray RI, Fauzia KA, Kahar H, Purbayu H, Sugihartono T, Setiawan PB, Maimunah U, Kholili U, Thamrin H, Vidyani A, Doohan D, Waskito LA, Rezkitha YAA, Siregar GA, Yamaoka Y. Diagnostic Value of 14C Urea Breath Test for Helicobacter pylori Detection Compared by Histopathology in Indonesian Dyspeptic Patients. Clin Exp Gastroenterol 2021; 14:291-296. [PMID: 34163206 PMCID: PMC8213946 DOI: 10.2147/ceg.s306626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Histopathology method is often used as a gold standard diagnostic for Helicobacter pylori infection in Indonesia. However, it requires an endoscopic procedure which is limited in Indonesia. A non-invasive method, such as 14C Urea Breath Test (UBT), is more favorable; however, this particular method has not been validated yet. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 55 dyspeptic patients underwent gastroscopy and 14C-UBT test. We used Heliprobe® UBT for UBT test. As for the histology, May-Giemsa staining of two gastric biopsies (from the antrum and corpus) were evaluated following the Updated Sydney System. RESULTS The Receiver Operating Characteristics analysis showed that the optimum cut-off value was 57 with excellence Area under Curve = 0.955 (95% CI = 0.861-1.000). By applying the optimum cut-off value, Heliprobe® UBT showed 92.31% for sensitivity, 97.62% for specificity, 92.31% for positive predictive value, 97.62% for negative predictive value, 38.77 for positive likelihood ratio, 0.0788 for negative likelihood ratio, and 96.36% for the accuracy. CONCLUSION The 14C-UBT is an accurate test for H. pylori diagnosis with excellent sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy. The different optimum cut-off points suggested that a validation is absolutely necessary for new test prior application to the new population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Miftahussurur
- Gastroentero-Hepatology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, 60286, Indonesia
- Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, 60115, Indonesia
| | - Adinta Windia
- Gastroentero-Hepatology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, 60286, Indonesia
| | - Ari Fahrial Syam
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Iswan Abbas Nusi
- Gastroentero-Hepatology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, 60286, Indonesia
| | - Ricky Indra Alfaray
- Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, 60115, Indonesia
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, 879-5593, Japan
| | - Kartika Afrida Fauzia
- Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, 60115, Indonesia
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, 879-5593, Japan
| | - Hartono Kahar
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, 60286, Indonesia
| | - Herry Purbayu
- Gastroentero-Hepatology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, 60286, Indonesia
| | - Titong Sugihartono
- Gastroentero-Hepatology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, 60286, Indonesia
| | - Poernomo Boedi Setiawan
- Gastroentero-Hepatology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, 60286, Indonesia
| | - Ummi Maimunah
- Gastroentero-Hepatology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, 60286, Indonesia
| | - Ulfa Kholili
- Gastroentero-Hepatology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, 60286, Indonesia
| | - Husin Thamrin
- Gastroentero-Hepatology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, 60286, Indonesia
| | - Amie Vidyani
- Gastroentero-Hepatology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, 60286, Indonesia
| | - Dalla Doohan
- Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, 60115, Indonesia
| | - Langgeng Agung Waskito
- Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, 60115, Indonesia
| | - Yudith Annisa Ayu Rezkitha
- Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, 60115, Indonesia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Muhammadiyah Surabaya, Surabaya, East Java, 60113, Indonesia
| | - Gontar Alamsyah Siregar
- Division of Gastroentero-Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sumatra Utara, Medan, 20155, Indonesia
| | - Yoshio Yamaoka
- Gastroentero-Hepatology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, 60286, Indonesia
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, 879-5593, Japan
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Owyang SY, Zhang M, El-Zaatari M, Eaton KA, Bishu S, Hou G, Grasberger H, Kao JY. Dendritic cell-derived TGF-β mediates the induction of mucosal regulatory T-cell response to Helicobacter infection essential for maintenance of immune tolerance in mice. Helicobacter 2020; 25:e12763. [PMID: 33025641 PMCID: PMC7885176 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori infection leads to regulatory T-cell (Treg) induction in infected mice, which contributes to H. pylori immune escape. However, the mechanisms responsible for H. pylori induction of Treg and immune tolerance remain unclear. We hypothesized DC-produced TGF-β may be responsible for Treg induction and immune tolerance. MATERIALS AND METHODS To test this hypothesis, we generated TGF-β∆DC mice (CD11c+ DC-specific TGF-β deletion) and assessed the impact of DC-specific TGF-β deletion on DC function during Helicobacter infection in vitro and in vivo. To examine the T cell-independent DC function, we crossed TGF-β∆DC mice onto Rag1KO background to generate TGF-β∆DC xRag1KO mice. RESULTS When stimulated with H. pylori, TGF-β∆DC BMDC/splenocyte cocultures showed increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines and decreased levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines compared to control, indicating a proinflammatory DC phenotype. Following 6 months of H. felis infection, TGF-β∆DC mice developed more severe gastritis and a trend toward more metaplasia compared to TGF-βfl/fl with increased levels of inflammatory Th1 cytokine mRNA and lower gastric H. felis colonization compared to infected TGF-βfl/fl mice. In a T cell-deficient background using TGF-β∆DC xRag1KO mice, H. felis colonization was significantly lower when DC-derived TGF-β was absent, revealing a direct, innate function of DC in controlling H. felis infection independent of Treg induction. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that DC-derived TGF-β mediates Helicobacter-induced Treg response and attenuates the inflammatory Th1 response. We also demonstrated a previously unrecognized innate role of DC controlling Helicobacter colonization via a Treg-independent mechanism. DC TGF-β signaling may represent an important target in the management of H. pylori.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Y. Owyang
- Department of Internal Medicine (Division of Gastroenterology), University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109 USA
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine (Division of Gastroenterology), University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109 USA
| | - Mohamad El-Zaatari
- Department of Internal Medicine (Division of Gastroenterology), University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109 USA
| | - Kathryn A. Eaton
- Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109 USA
| | - Shrinivas Bishu
- Department of Internal Medicine (Division of Gastroenterology), University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109 USA
| | - Guoqing Hou
- Department of Internal Medicine (Division of Gastroenterology), University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109 USA
| | - Helmut Grasberger
- Department of Internal Medicine (Division of Gastroenterology), University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109 USA
| | - John Y. Kao
- Department of Internal Medicine (Division of Gastroenterology), University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109 USA
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Alkhamiss AS. Evaluation of Better Staining Method among Hematoxylin and Eosin, Giemsa and Periodic Acid Schiff-Alcian Blue for the Detection of Helicobacter pylori in Gastric Biopsies. Malays J Med Sci 2020; 27:53-61. [PMID: 33154702 PMCID: PMC7605829 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2020.27.5.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study was undertaken to evaluate the preferred method (Giemsa or periodic acid Schiff-Alcian blue [PAS-AB] stains) of detecting Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) in gastric mucosal biopsies in terms of sensitivity, specificity and applicability. To the best of my knowledge, this is the first report comparing Giemsa and PAS-AB staining for the detection of H. pylori in such biopsies. Methods The formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded blocks of 49 gastric biopsies from different patients were collected from the archive of anatomical pathology at King Abdulaziz Medical City, National Guard, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. From each block, three slides were prepared and analysed using the hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), Giemsa and PAS-AB stains to detect the presence/absence of H. pylori, and the results were compared in terms of sensitivity, specificity and applicability. Results The majority of the biopsies in this study showed antrum-type gastric mucosa. Only 15 biopsies showed active gastritis, whereas the rest showed chronic gastritis. Three biopsies showed intestinal metaplasia. All were detected by PAS-AB stain, but only two-thirds were detected by H&E stain. Fifteen gastric biopsies showed H. pylori infection in general and in 13 of them, active gastritis cases were discovered. Fourteen out of these 15 H. pylori infection cases were detected by Giemsa stain, whereas only 13 cases were detected by H&E stain. PAS-AB stain showed the worst results since it demonstrated only 40% sensitivity and 67.65% specificity in H. pylori detection. Conclusion Giemsa stain has better sensitivity and specificity in gastric H. pylori infection detection than PAS-AB. Therefore, using PAS-AB stain to detect H. pylori infection is not recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Saleh Alkhamiss
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Collage of Medicine, Qassim University, Qassim, Saudi Arabia
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