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Talukder A, Sara SS, Khan ZI, Yadav UN, Mistry SK, Biswas T, Alam A, Ali MW, Jannat Z, Haseen F, Uddin MJ, Gray DJ, Ahmed T, Kelly M, Islam SMS, Sarma H. Prevalence and determinants of hypertension in South-Asian Urban Communities: findings from Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) data of South Asian countries. J Hum Hypertens 2024; 38:257-266. [PMID: 38049636 DOI: 10.1038/s41371-023-00879-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension increases risk of stroke and other cardiovascular diseases, however, its prevalence and determinants in South Asian urban communities using country representative community-based datasets is lacking. This study evaluated prevalence of hypertension and it's determinants among urban residents of three South Asian countries. Urban population data from demographic and health surveys in Bangladesh, India, and Nepal were extracted. Hypertension prevalence was defined as systolic/diastolic blood pressure ≥ 140/ 90 mmHg. Age, education, wealth, physical activity, alcohol, BMI were considered as risk factors associated with the increased risk of hypertension. We performed binary logistic regression and calculated adjusted Odds Ratios (AOR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) to assess factors related to hypertension. Hypertension prevalence was 37.4% in India, 25.1% in Bangladesh and 18.4% in Nepal. Prevalence increased with age in all settings. Females had reduced odds of hypertension in Bangladesh (AOR 0.75; CI: 0.69, 0.81) and Nepal (AOR 0.62; CI: 0.54, 0.71), but higher risk in India (AOR 2.54; CI: 2.45, 2.63). Low education, caffeine consumption, obesity was associated with higher prevalence of hypertension in all three countries. Smokers had increased odds of hypertension in India (AOR 1.11; CI: 1.06, 1.15) and Nepal (AOR 1.23; 1.02, 1.47). Overall, hypertension prevalence is high in all three countries. Modifiable socioeconomic and lifestyle factors (education, wealth index, smoking status, caffeine consumption and BMI) associated with hypertension. Comprehensive hypertension pacific and sensitive interventions (including behavioral modification treatments and timely screening and access to health care) are urgently needed to prevent and control hypertension among urban populations in South Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashis Talukder
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2600, Australia.
- Statistics Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, 9208, Bangladesh.
| | | | | | - Uday Narayan Yadav
- National Centre for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Wellbeing Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2600, Australia
- Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW, Australia
| | - Sabuj Kanti Mistry
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Public Health, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Tuhin Biswas
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Children and Families Over the Life Course, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Ariful Alam
- Health Nutrition, Population and Nutrition Program, BRAC, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Md Wazid Ali
- Health System and Population Studies Division, icddr,b (International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research), Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Zerin Jannat
- Health Systems and Population Studies Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), 68-Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Fariha Haseen
- Department of Public Health & Informatics, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Md Jasim Uddin
- Health Systems and Population Studies Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), 68-Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Darren J Gray
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2600, Australia
| | - Tahmeed Ahmed
- Nutrition and Clinical Services Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Matthew Kelly
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2600, Australia
| | - Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Melbourne Burwood Campus, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Haribondhu Sarma
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2600, Australia
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Samitinjay A, Vaishnavi K, Gongireddy R, Kulakarni SC, Panuganti R, Vishwanatham C, Manikanta AK, Biswas R. Understanding clinical complexity in organ and organizational systems: Challenges local and global. J Eval Clin Pract 2024; 30:316-329. [PMID: 37335625 DOI: 10.1111/jep.13886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Complexity in healthcare systems has been arbitrarily defined as tasks or systems ranging from complicated to intractable, with a general view of these not being 'simple'. Complexity in healthcare systems in first-world countries has been well elucidated, however, data from third-world countries is still scant. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We present four cases each from three different organ systems-chronic kidney disease, alcohol use disorder, and heart failure-in the backdrop of our healthcare organization. We present our analysis of the complexities faced clinically and, in our local healthcare system which led to these events. RESULTS Analysis of these cases showed that patients with chronic kidney disease had vertebral-spinal pathologies due to poor infection control measures during haemodialysis. All these patients were young with a long history of secondary hypertension. In patients with alcohol use disorder, a common theme of how government regulations and peer pressure promote alcohol use is analysed. In the four patients with unexplained heart failure, vascular health is viewed as a fractal dimension and the various factors affecting vascular health are elaborated. CONCLUSION Complexities exist clinically in making a diagnosis, and organizationally, in the variables and nodes dictating patient outcomes. Clinical complexities cannot be simplified but have to be navigated in an optimized way to improve clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Samitinjay
- Department of General Medicine, Kamineni Institute of Medical Sciences, Narketpally, India
| | - Karnati Vaishnavi
- Department of General Medicine, Government Medical College, Sangareddy, India
| | | | - Sai Charan Kulakarni
- Department of General Medicine, Kamineni Institute of Medical Sciences, Narketpally, India
| | - Raveen Panuganti
- Department of General Medicine, Kamineni Institute of Medical Sciences, Narketpally, India
| | - Chandana Vishwanatham
- Department of General Medicine, Kamineni Institute of Medical Sciences, Narketpally, India
| | | | - Rakesh Biswas
- Department of General Medicine, Kamineni Institute of Medical Sciences, Narketpally, India
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Meshram N, Verma N, Shrivastava N, Prasad MA, Jain K, Shinkar SV. Assessment of Prevalence of Hypertension and its Risk Factors among Adult Tribal Population Residing in Lohandiguda Block of Bastar District of Chhattisgarh. Indian J Community Med 2023; 48:588-594. [PMID: 37662129 PMCID: PMC10470565 DOI: 10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_936_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hypertension is known as the silent killer. It comprehends the top rank in non-infectious disease amongst adults; accountable for the deaths every year across the world. It is essential to consider the individual impact of risk factors and their impact on hypertension. This study thus elicited the socio-demographic characteristics, the prevalence of hypertension and associated risk factors, and its impact on adults with hypertension. To estimate the hypertension prevalence and its associated risk factors among adult tribal populations aged 25-60 years residing in Lohandiguda block of Bastar district of Chhattisgarh. Material and Methods A community-based cross-sectional analytical study was used and the setting was done at the field practice area under the three primary health centers of Lohandiguda block, Bastar district of Chhattisgarh. It was carried out among 330 adult tribes residing for ≥1 year in the present locality. Data was collected by door-to-door visits through pre-designed, pretested, semi-structured questionnaire via face-to-face interview method and anthropometric measurement was done by using standard guidelines. The sampling method was multistage sampling. IBM SPSS STATISTICS-20.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA) software. Results The overall prevalence of pre-hypertension and hypertension among tribal subjects was 34.9% and 47.3%, respectively. Of total hypertensive 27.3% were having stage-1 hypertension, 13.9% were having stage-2 hypertension and 6.0% were already diagnosed cases. Risk factors found in multivariate analysis are occupation (unemployed 0.012), frequency of smokeless tobacco used per day (0.,017) and central obesity (0.000). Conclusions As hypertension is a multi-factorial disease the study found strong predictors like occupation, frequency of smokeless tobacco per day and having central obesity with significant difference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Meshram
- Department of Community Medicine in Bharat Ratna Late Shri Atal Bihari Vajpeyee Memorial Medical College- Rajnandgaon, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Nirmal Verma
- Department of Community Medicine in Pt. JawaharLal Nehru Memorial Medical College, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Neha Shrivastava
- Department of Community Medicine in Government Medical College, Mahasamund, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Manish A. Prasad
- Department of Community Medicine in Shri Balaji Institute of Medical Science, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Kamlesh Jain
- Department of Community Medicine in Pt. JawaharLal Nehru Memorial Medical College, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Swapnil V. Shinkar
- Department of Community Medicine in Symbiosis Medical College for Women, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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Solomon M, Shiferaw BZ, Tarekegn TT, GebreEyesus FA, Mengist ST, Mammo M, Mewahegn AA, Mengiste BT, Terefe TF. Prevalence and Associated Factors of Hypertension Among Adults in Gurage Zone, Southwest Ethiopia, 2022. SAGE Open Nurs 2023; 9:23779608231153473. [PMID: 36761364 PMCID: PMC9903024 DOI: 10.1177/23779608231153473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Hypertension affects over a billion people worldwide, making it a major public health problem. The problem is significant in both developed and developing countries. However, studies are scarce in developing countries such as Ethiopia. Objectives This study aimed to assess the prevalence of hypertension and its associated factors at the community level, in South Ethiopia. Methods A cross-sectional study design was employed on a sample of 680 participants in the study from April 1 to June 30, 2022. An interview administer was conducted using a standardized and pretested questionnaire was employed. The Epi data 3.1 versions were used to enter data and then exported into SPSS version 23 for analysis. All variables in the multivariable logistic analysis were a candidate with a bi-variable at p < .25. The multivariable logistic regressions were performed to determine the predictors of hypertension, and the significance level was established with p < .05. Results There were a total of 635 participants and the response rate was 93.4%. The prevalence of hypertension was found to be 22.0% [95% CI; 19.1-25.4]. The mean age of the participants was 40.8 ± 12.88 years. Being older age (AOR: 1.95; 95%CI; 1.13-3.36), family history [AOR: 2.65, 95%; CI (1.29-5.45)], eating animal fat [AOR: 0.21, 95%; CI (0.08-0.52)], smoking cigarettes [AOR: 4.06, 95%; CI (2.24-7.36)] and had poor knowledge about hypertension [AOR: 2.69, 95%; CI (1.61-4.49)] were significantly associated with raised blood pressure. Conclusions Hypertension was prevalent in one out of every five study participants. Older age, family history of hypertension, animal fat intake, cigarette smoking, and lack of knowledge were found to be significant factors for hypertension. To address the burden of hypertension, health care practitioners should provide broad health education, routine screening, and promotion of recommended lifestyle measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamo Solomon
- Department of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wolkite University, Welkite, Ethiopia,Mamo Solomon, Department of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wolkite University, P O Box 07, Wolkite, Ethiopia.
| | - Bisrat Zeleke Shiferaw
- Department of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wolkite University, Welkite, Ethiopia
| | - Tadesse Tsehay Tarekegn
- Department of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wolkite University, Welkite, Ethiopia
| | - Fisha Alebel GebreEyesus
- Department of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wolkite University, Welkite, Ethiopia
| | - Shegaw Tesfa Mengist
- Department of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wolkite University, Welkite, Ethiopia
| | - Mitiku Mammo
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wolkite University, Welkite, Ethiopia
| | - Agerie Aynalem Mewahegn
- Department of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wolkite University, Welkite, Ethiopia
| | | | - Tamene Fetene Terefe
- Department of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wolkite University, Welkite, Ethiopia
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Son M, Heo YJ, Hyun HJ, Kwak HJ. Effects of Marital Status and Income on Hypertension: The Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES). J Prev Med Public Health 2022; 55:506-519. [PMID: 36475316 DOI: 10.3961/jpmph.22.264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to analyze the associations of income, marital status, and health behaviors with hypertension in male and female over 40 years of age in the Korea. METHODS The data were derived from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES; 4851-302) which included 211 576 participants. To analyze the relationships of income, marital status, and health behaviors with hypertension in male and female over 40 years of age, multiple logistic regression was conducted with adjustments for these variables. RESULTS The prevalence of hypertension increased linearly as income decreased. The odds ratio for developing hypertension in people with an income of <0.5 million Korean won (KRW) compared to ≥6.0 million KRW was 1.55 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.25 to 1.93) in the total population, 1.58 (95% CI, 1.27 to 1.98) in male, and 1.07 (95% CI, 0.35 to 3.28) in female. The combined effect of income level and marital status on hypertension was significant. According to income level and marital status, in male, low income and divorce were most associated with hypertension (1.76 times; 95% CI, 1.01 to 3.08). However, in female, the low-income, married group was most associated with hypertension (1.83 times; 95% CI, 1.71 to 1.97). CONCLUSIONS The results of this study show that it is necessary to approach male and female marital status separately according to income in health policies to address inequalities in the prevalence of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia Son
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Yeon Jeong Heo
- Department of Nursing, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Hye-Jin Hyun
- Department of Nursing, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Ho Jong Kwak
- Department of Nursing, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
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Pathak BG, Rahini S, Manapurath RM, Sharath BN, Gupta R, Goel S. Tobacco smoking and blood pressure: How are they related among the Indians? - A secondary analysis of National Family Health Survey (NFHS)-4 data. J Family Med Prim Care 2022; 11:5776-5784. [PMID: 36505644 PMCID: PMC9731090 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_166_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background India, the second leading producer of tobacco, puts the population at a higher chance of tobacco consumption contributing to a significant disease burden. Though tobacco smoking is a modifiable risk factor for hypertension and has been on the rise among the population, studies on the relationship of tobacco with hypertension are limited in India. Aim This study aimed to assess the population-level risk of tobacco (smoke) use and elevated blood pressure (BP) among Indians and also assess the association of risk of tobacco smoking with hypertension based on the place of residence. Materials and Methods Data from the National Family Health Survey (NFHS)-4 conducted between January 2015 and December 2016 was utilized. The prevalence of hypertension and its magnitude of association with smoking factors was found using univariable logistic regression. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to predict the association of smoking products with elevated BP by adjusting the model for sociodemographic factors, illness, physical characteristics, and state-wise data. Results The weighted prevalence of hypertension was 16.56% (confidence interval [CI]: 16.34-16.78) in males and 11.20% (CI: 11.12-11.27) in females. Among those who smoked tobacco, 15.3% women and 22.4% men were hypertensive. This study highlights the significant association of smoking of various tobacco products with hypertension in both men and women on univariate analysis. But the adjusted mean elevated BP among the tobacco-using males and females was not significantly associated with smoking cigarettes, pipe, cigars, and hookah. Conclusion Cigarette smoking is a modifiable factor for the development and progression of hypertension. Adequate preventive and promotive health measures targeting the young, rural inhabitants and the poorer sections of society may help in reducing tobacco consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barsha Gadapani Pathak
- Department of Community Medicine, Seth G S Medical College, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - S Rahini
- Department of Community Medicine, Seth G S Medical College, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rukman M. Manapurath
- Department of Community Medicine, Seth G S Medical College, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - BN Sharath
- Department of Community Medicine, ESIC Medical College and PGIMSR, Bengaluru, India
| | - Rakesh Gupta
- President and Director of Public Health, Strategic Institute for Public Health Education and Research (SIPHER), Former-Director Health Services and Director of Chemical Examiner Lab, Government of Punjab, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sonu Goel
- Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India,Address for correspondence: Dr. Sonu Goel, Professor of Health Management, Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India. E-mail:
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Muhammad T, Paul R, Rashmi R, Srivastava S. Examining sex disparity in the association of waist circumference, waist-hip ratio and BMI with hypertension among older adults in India. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13117. [PMID: 35907951 PMCID: PMC9338983 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17518-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is a public health issue touted as a “silent killer” worldwide. The present study aimed to explore the sex differential in the association of anthropometric measures including body mass index, waist circumference, and waist-hip ratio with hypertension among older adults in India. The study used data from the Longitudinal Aging Study in India (LASI) conducted during 2017–18. The sample contains 15,098 males and 16,366 females aged 60 years and above. Descriptive statistics (percentages) along with bivariate analysis were presented. Multivariable binary logistic regression analyses were used to examine the associations between the outcome variable (hypertension) and putative risk or protective factors. About 33.9% of males and 38.2% of females aged 60 years and above suffered from hypertension. After adjusting for the socioeconomic, demographic and health-behavioral factors, the odds of hypertension were 1.37 times (CI: 1.27–1.47), significantly higher among older adults who were obese or overweight than those with no overweight/obese condition. Older adults with high-risk waist circumference and waist-hip ratio had 1.16 times (CI: 1.08–1.25) and 1.42 times (CI: 1.32–1.51) higher odds of suffering from hypertension, respectively compared to their counterparts with no high-risk waist circumference or waist-hip ratio. The interaction effects showed that older females with overweight/obesity [OR: 0.84; CI: 0.61–0.74], high-risk waist circumference [OR: 0.89; CI: 0.78–0.99], and high-risk waist-hip ratio [OR: 0.90; CI: 0.83–0.97] had a lower chance of suffering from hypertension than their male counterparts with the similar anthropometric status. The findings suggested a larger magnitude of the association between obesity, high-risk waist circumference, high-risk waist-hip ratio and prevalent hypertension among older males than females. The study also highlights the importance of measuring obesity and central adiposity in older individuals and using such measures as screening tools for timely identification of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Muhammad
- International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, 400088, India
| | - Ronak Paul
- International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, 400088, India
| | - Rashmi Rashmi
- International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, 400088, India
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Ren Y, Shi J, Qiao Y, Gu Y, Li Y, Liu Y, Cheng Y, Liu Y. Epidemiological status quo of hypertension in elderly population in Changchun, China: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e053086. [PMID: 35354631 PMCID: PMC8968531 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-053086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the epidemiological status quo of hypertension in elderly population in Changchun, China, and provide a reference for the prevention and control strategies of hypertension of elderly population in this region. DESIGN A cross-sectional study, as a part of a comprehensive project in Northeast China, was designed to perform in 10 districts in Changchun. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING A total of 6846 participants who were ≥60 years old were selected using a random sampling method. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The epidemiological status quo of hypertension. RESULTS The prevalence of hypertension in Changchun was 52.6%. Among participants with hypertension enrolled in this study, 87.6% of the participants had been diagnosed with hypertension before the study, 69.1% was taking antihypertensive medications and 66.9% had effective blood pressure control. Obesity, widower/widow, history of diseases and family history of hypertension were risk factors of hypertension (all p<0.05). Participants with obesity, a personal history of heart coronary disease, or a family history of hypertension were susceptible to realising risks of hypertension (all p<0.05). However, participants with diabetes, hyperlipidaemia, or a family history of hypertension were difficult to control blood pressure within the normal range (all p<0.05). In addition, 92.6% participants taking antihypertensive medications used a single medication, and calcium channel blockers was the most commonly used antihypertensive medications in monotherapy. CONCLUSION The rates of awareness, treatment and control of hypertension are greater in Changchun than those in China, indicating that the prevention and control of hypertension in Changchun are effective. However, the prevalence of hypertension in the elderly population in China is lower than that in Changchun, also rendering Changchun a substantial challenge for the supervision of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxuan Ren
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Jilin University School of Public Health, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jikang Shi
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Jilin University School of Public Health, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yichun Qiao
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Jilin University School of Public Health, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yulu Gu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, Jilin University School of Public Health, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yong Li
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Jilin University School of Public Health, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yunkai Liu
- The Cardiovascular Center, Jilin University First Hospital, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yi Cheng
- The Cardiovascular Center, Jilin University First Hospital, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yawen Liu
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Jilin University School of Public Health, Changchun, Jilin, China
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Prem Kumar A, Ghorai A, Kriplani V, Dash RK, Aravinda J, Shamanna P, Sabeer TK, Hannan A, Abhyankar M, Revankar S. Clinical data analysis of telmisartan for hypertension management in Indian population. Bioinformation 2021; 17:652-659. [PMID: 35173388 PMCID: PMC8819792 DOI: 10.6026/97320630017652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
It is of interest to evaluate the clinical characteristics, treatment patterns, clinical effectiveness, and safety of telmisartan as a monotherapy or as part of combination therapy in Indian adults (>18 years old) with hypertension. All patients were receiving telmisartan as monotherapy, or as a combination therapy for hypertension management. Demographics, risk factors, existing comorbidity, and ongoing medical therapies were retrieved from the patients' medical records. A total of 8607 patients with hypertension (median age, 51.0 years) were part of the study. The gender distribution suggested, 5534(64.3%) patients were male, and 3073 (35.7%) were female patients. The excess salt intake (39.0%) was the most common risk factor according to the results. The analysis revealed telmisartan dual therapy (57.9%) as the most prescribed therapy, followed by monotherapy (32.5%), and triple therapy (9.6%). Further, telmisartan 40mg (21.3%) and telmisartan 40mg plus amlodipine 5mg (17.6%) were the most commonly prescribed therapies. The data suggested that only 17.2% of patients required dose titration. The mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (mmHg) were significantly decreased with monotherapy (mean change: 19.8 [15.1] mmHg and 8.8[8.2] mmHg), dual therapy (mean change: 23.7 [16.6] mmHg and 10.3[8.5] mmHg), and triple therapy (mean change: 28.6 [19.0] mmHg and 12.1[10.8] mmHg) after the treatment (P<0.001). A total of 98.4% of the patients were compliant, and 97.6% achieved the target blood pressure goal with telmisartan-based therapy. There were 157 adverse events reported altogether. The Physicians' global evaluation of efficacy and tolerability showed the majority of the patients receiving telmisartan-based therapy on a good to excellent scale. Telmisartan used as a monotherapeutic agent or as a part of combination therapy was successful and effective in reducing blood pressure and achieving the blood pressure target. Irrespective of the patient's age, duration, and stages of hypertension, the study resulted in a good to excellent scale in efficacy and tolerability in the Indian patients having hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Prem Kumar
- DiaPlus Clinic, Krishnammal Nagar, Fairlands, Salem, Tamilnadu- 636016, India
| | - Anirudra Ghorai
- Divine nursing home, Taljuli Dr. Dandapat Complex, Kharagpur, West Bengal - 721301, India
| | - Vasudev Kriplani
- Kriplani nursing Home, E-Ward, Tarabai Park, Kolhapur, Maharashtra - 416003,India
| | - Rabindra Kumar Dash
- Gupta Diagnostic and Research Centre, Deulasahi, Bhanjpur, Baripada, Odisha - 757001, India
| | - J Aravinda
- Dr.Aravind's Diabetes Center,No. 14 & 15, 7th Main, 3rd Block, 4th Stage, BasaveshwarNagar, Bengaluru, Karnataka-560079, India
| | - Paramesh Shamanna
- Bangalore Diabetes Centre, No.426, 4th Cross Rd, HBR Layout 2nd Block, Stage 1, Kalyan Nagar, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560043, India
| | - TK Sabeer
- Diacare, 2nd Floor, Chamber Plaza, Thayatheru Rd, Thayatheru, Thana, Kannur, Kerala-670002, India
| | - Abdul Hannan
- Dr. Hamdulay's Cardiac Rehabilitation Centre, 233/234,Bellasis Road, Junction, Nagpada, Mumbai - 400008, India
| | - Mahesh Abhyankar
- USV Private Limited, BSD Marg, Station Road, Deonar, Govandi East, Mumbai, Maharashtra - 400088, India
| | - Santosh Revankar
- USV Private Limited, BSD Marg, Station Road, Deonar, Govandi East, Mumbai, Maharashtra - 400088, India
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Mosisa G, Regassa B, Biru B. Epidemiology of hypertension in selected towns of Wollega zones, Western Ethiopia, 2019: A community-based cross-sectional study. SAGE Open Med 2021; 9:20503121211024519. [PMID: 34178341 PMCID: PMC8202320 DOI: 10.1177/20503121211024519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Hypertension remains an emerging public health problem globally, particularly in developing countries. Age, income level, obesity, alcohol consumption, smoking, vegetables and fruit consumption, physical activity and chat chewing were some risk factors of hypertension. However, there are limited data on the epidemiology of hypertension in Ethiopia. This study aimed to assess Epidemiology of Hypertension among the community of selected towns of Wollega zones. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from 1 to 30 June 2019 in selected towns of Wollega zones. A multistage sampling technique was used to select 840 study participants. Data were collected using the WHO STEP wise approach. The data were coded and entered into EpiData 3, and exported to SPSS version 20.0 for analysis. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted. Statistical significance was declared at p-value < 0.05. Results: The study included a total of 838 respondents with a response rate of 99.7%. The prevalence of hypertension was found to be 189 (22.6%) (95% confidence interval = 19.9%–25.2%). Of this, 108 (12.9%) and 81 (9.7%) of female and male were hypertensive, respectively. Age groups of 30–44 years (adjusted odds ratio = 2.65 (1.43, 4.89)), 45–59 years (adjusted odds ratio = 3.55 (1.79, 7.04)), above 60 years (adjusted odds ratio = 2.97 (1.43, 6.18)), having history of alcohol consumption (adjusted odds ratio = 4.29 (2.4, 7.66)), involving in vigorous physical activity (adjusted odds ratio = 0.096 (0.028, 0.33)), not walking to and from the work (adjusted odds ratio = 13.12 (8.34, 20.67)), being overweight (adjusted odds ratio = 1.98 (1.21, 3.25)), inadequate fruits serving per day (adjusted odds ratio = 2.93 (1.75, 4.88)) were significantly associated with hypertension. Conclusion: The prevalence of hypertension was found to be high in the study area. Older age, alcohol consumption, not engaging in vigorous activity, physical inactivity, being overweight and inadequate intake of fruits were found to be risk factors for hypertension. Therefore, health care providers should provide extensive health education and promotion on recommended lifestyle modification to tackle the burden of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Getu Mosisa
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Institute of Health Sciences, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia
| | - Bikila Regassa
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Health Sciences, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia
| | - Bayise Biru
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Health Sciences, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia
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Gamboa R, Jaramillo-Estrella MJ, Martínez-Alvarado MDR, Soto ME, Torres-Paz YE, Gonzalo-Calvo DD, Del Valle-Mondragón L, López-Marure R, Llorente-Cortés VC, Huesca-Gómez C. Monocyte Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein 1 (LRP1) Expression Correlates with cIMT in Mexican Hypertensive Patients. Arq Bras Cardiol 2021; 116:56-65. [PMID: 33566965 PMCID: PMC8159500 DOI: 10.36660/abc.20190535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Fundamento A hipertensão arterial (HTA) representa um grande fator de risco de morbidade e mortalidade cardiovascular. Ainda não se sabe que mecanismos moleculares específicos estão associados ao desenvolvimento de hipertensão essencial. Objetivo Neste trabalho, analisamos a associação entre expressão mRNA de monócito LRP1, expressão de proteína LRP1, e espessura íntima-média de carótida (EIMC) de pacientes com hipertensão essencial. Métodos A expressão mRNA de monócito LRP1 e os níveis de proteína e EIMC foram quantificados em 200 indivíduos mexicanos, sendo 91 normotensos (NT) e 109 hipertensos (HT) A significância estatística foi definida em p < 0,05. Resultados O grupo de pacientes HT tinha EIMC maior altamente significativa em comparação com os pacientes NT (p = 0,002), e isso está relacionado ao aumento na expressão mRNA de LRP1 (6,54 versus. 2,87) (p = 0,002) e expressão de proteína LRP1 (17,83 versus 6,25), respectivamente (p = 0,001). Essas diferenças foram mantidas mesmo quando dividimos nossos grupos de estudo, levando em consideração apenas aqueles que apresentavam dislipidemia na expressão de mRNA (p = 0,041) e de proteínas (p < 0,001). Também se identificou que a indução de LRP1 mediada por LRP1 em monócitos em de maneira dependente de dose e tempo, com diferença significativa em NT versus HT (0,195 ± 0,09 versus 0,226 ± 0,12, p = 0,046). Conclusão Foi encontrado um aumento em EIMC em indivíduos com hipertensão, associada a expressões de proteína LRP1 e mRNA mais altas em monócitos, independente da presença de dislipidemia em pacientes HT. Esses resultados que a upregulation de LRP1 em monócitos de pacientes hipertensos mexicanos poderia estar envolvida na diminuição da EIMC. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2021; 116(1):56-65)
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Gamboa
- Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia Ignacio Chavez, Ciudad de México - México
| | | | | | - Maria Elena Soto
- Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia Ignacio Chavez, Ciudad de México - México
| | | | - David de Gonzalo-Calvo
- Hospital de Sant Pau - Lipids and Cardiovascular Pathology Group, Barcelona, Catalunya - Espanha
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12
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The Prevalence and Risk Factors of Hypertension among the Urban Population in Southeast Asian Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int J Hypertens 2021; 2021:6657003. [PMID: 33628485 PMCID: PMC7889387 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6657003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The trend of global prevalence for hypertension has been dramatically increasing for the past two decades in Southeast Asian countries. A systematic review aiming to assess the prevalence of hypertension and its risk factors among the urban population in Southeast Asian countries was conducted. We performed database searches of PubMed and Web of Science and performed meta-analysis to determine the pooled prevalence estimate. The overall pooled prevalence estimate of hypertension for Southeast Asian urban population was 33.82%. Among this, 33.98% of hypertension was reported in the community and 32.45% among adolescents in school. The common risk factors that we found were male, ethnicity, education and socioeconomic level, body mass index, waist circumference, smoking, and dyslipidaemia. The review indicates an urgent need for primary and secondary prevention activities. Therefore, a multisectoral and intersectoral approach and collaboration should be undertaken to improve the overall health outcomes of all populations in all Southeast Asian countries.
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Hasan M, Khan MSA, Sutradhar I, Hossain MM, Hossaine M, Yoshimura Y, Choudhury SR, Sarker M, Mridha MK. Prevalence and associated factors of hypertension in selected urban and rural areas of Dhaka, Bangladesh: findings from SHASTO baseline survey. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e038975. [PMID: 33472770 PMCID: PMC7818822 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-038975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We implemented this study to report the prevalence and associated risk factors of hypertension among adult men and women aged >30 years residing in selected urban and rural areas of Dhaka division, Bangladesh. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Two urban (Dhaka city north and Dhaka city south) and two rural (Narsinghdi and Gazipur district) areas of the Dhaka division. PARTICIPANTS A total of 4856 male and female participants were included in the final analysis, of whom 2340 (48.2%) were from urban and 2516 (51.8%) were from rural areas. PRIMARY OUTCOME Hypertension was the dependent variable for this study and was operationally defined as systolic blood pressure >140 mm of Hg and/or diastolic blood pressure >90 mm of Hg, and/or persons with already diagnosed hypertension. RESULTS The overall prevalence of hypertension was 31.0%, and the prevalence was higher among urban participants (urban: 36.9%, rural: 30.6%). Age (across all categories), female (urban-adjusted OR (AOR): 1.3, 95% CI: 1.0 to 1.5 and rural-AOR: 1.7, 95% CI: 1.4 to 2.1)), higher educational status (urban-AOR: 1.7, 95% CI: 1.3 to 2.2 and rural-AOR: 2.1, 95% CI: 1.5 to 3.1), inadequate physical activity (urban-AOR: 1.3, 95% CI: 1.0 to 1.7 and rural-AOR: 1.5, 95% CI: 1.2 to 1.9) and overweight/obesity (urban-AOR: 2.7, 95% CI: 2.1 to 3.3 and rural-AOR: 2.1, 95% CI: 1.7 to 2.5) were associated with hypertension in both urban and rural areas. Women who were not currently married during the survey had higher odds of hypertension only in the rural areas (rural-AOR: 1.8, 95% CI: 1.3 to 2.4), and respondents who were not working during the survey had higher odds of hypertension only in the urban areas (AOR: 1.7, 95% CI: 1.0 to 2.6). CONCLUSION Since the prevalence of hypertension was high in urban and rural areas, the government of Bangladesh should consider implementing hypertension prevention programmes focusing young population of Dhaka division. In addition, early screening programmes and management of hypertension need to be strengthened for people with hypertension in both the areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehedi Hasan
- Centre for Non-communicable Diseases and Nutrition, BRAC University James P Grant School of Public Health, Dhaka, Dhaka District, Bangladesh
| | - Md Showkat Ali Khan
- Centre for Non-communicable Diseases and Nutrition, BRAC University James P Grant School of Public Health, Dhaka, Dhaka District, Bangladesh
| | - Ipsita Sutradhar
- Centre for Science of Implementation and Scale-up, BRAC James P Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, Dhaka, Dhaka District, Bangladesh
| | - Md Mokbul Hossain
- Centre for Non-communicable Diseases and Nutrition, BRAC University James P Grant School of Public Health, Dhaka, Dhaka District, Bangladesh
| | - Moyazzam Hossaine
- Centre for Non-communicable Diseases and Nutrition, BRAC University James P Grant School of Public Health, Dhaka, Dhaka District, Bangladesh
| | - Yukie Yoshimura
- Japan International Cooperation Agency, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sohel Reza Choudhury
- Department of Epidemiology and Research, National Heart Foundation Hospital and Research Institute, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Malabika Sarker
- Centre for Science of Implementation and Scale-up, BRAC James P Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, Dhaka, Dhaka District, Bangladesh
| | - Malay Kanti Mridha
- Centre for Non-communicable Diseases and Nutrition, BRAC University James P Grant School of Public Health, Dhaka, Dhaka District, Bangladesh
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Fakhri M, Sarokhani D, Ghiasi B, Dehkordi AH. Prevalence of Hypertension in Cardiovascular Disease in Iran: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int J Prev Med 2020; 11:56. [PMID: 32577186 PMCID: PMC7297428 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_351_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertension is a major cause of noncommunicable diseases such as cardiovascular disease. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate the prevalence of hypertension in cardiovascular patients in Iran by meta-analysis. METHODS The search was carried out using authentic Persian and English keywords in national and international databases including IranMedex, Scientific Information Database (SID), Magiran, IranDoc, Medlib, ScienceDirect, PubMed , Scopus, Cochrane, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar search engine without any time limitation until 2017. Heterogeneity of studies was assessed using I2 statistic . Data were analyzed using STATA 11.1. RESULTS In 66 reviewed studies with a sample of 111,406 participants, the prevalence of hypertension was 44% in Iranian patients with cardiovascular disease 67%(95%CI: 38%-49%) in women and 42% in men. The prevalence of systolic hypertension in cardiac patients was 25%, diastolic 20%, diabetes 27%, and overexposure 43%. The prevalence of hypertension was 44% in patients with coronary artery disease, 50% in myocardial infarction, 33% in aortic aneurysm, and 44% in cardiac failure. CONCLUSIONS Hypertension has a higher prevalence in women with cardiovascular disease than men, and it increases with age. Among patients with cardiovascular disease, myocardial infarction patients have the highest levels of hypertension. The prevalence of systolic hypertension in cardiac patients is higher than diastolic hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moloud Fakhri
- Traditional and Complementary Medicine Research Center, Addiction Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Diana Sarokhani
- Psychosocial Injuries Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Bahareh Ghiasi
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Ali Hasanpour Dehkordi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
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15
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Registry of the Egyptian specialized hypertension clinics: patient risk profiles and geographical differences. J Hum Hypertens 2019; 34:520-527. [PMID: 31558807 DOI: 10.1038/s41371-019-0265-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Data regarding the prevalence and characteristics of cardiovascular (CV) risk factors among Egyptian hypertensive patients are limited. Nationwide Specialized Hypertension Clinics (SHCs) were initiated for screening, investigating, and treating hypertensive patients. This study aimed to determine the clinical characteristics and the CV risk profile of hypertensive Egyptians attending SHCs. Data from 4701 hypertensive patients were collected from the SHCs of nine university hospitals representing the different geographical regions of Egypt. Data collection started in October 2014 and ended in September 2017. Data included blood pressure (BP) measurements, clinical data, socio-demographic characteristics, anthropometric measurements, and cardiovascular risk profiles. The patients' mean age was 51.8 ± 11.5 years, 58.7% were older than 50 years, and 58.5% were females. The mean office systolic and diastolic BP values were 145.2 ± 22.4 and 88.7 ± 12.9 mmHg, respectively. Regarding CV risk factors, 58.6% were obese, 23.4% were smokers, and 25.1% had diabetes mellitus. Obesity was more prevalent in females than males (65.7% vs. 53.0%, p < 0.001, respectively), while dyslipidaemia and smoking were significantly more common in male patients. The highest levels of BP and the highest global risk were observed in the inhabitants of the Delta region, despite their younger age. In conclusion, this study revealed a high prevalence of modifiable CV risk factors among a cohort of Egyptian hypertensive patients attending SHCs. The pattern of the risk factors across the different geographic regions may be attributed to rapid urbanization. Governmental and community-based approaches are needed for better control of hypertension and its associated CV risk factors.
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Ryu Y, Kee HJ, Sun S, Seok YM, Choi SY, Kim GR, Kee SJ, Pflieger M, Kurz T, Kim HS, Jeong MH. Class I histone deacetylase inhibitor MS-275 attenuates vasoconstriction and inflammation in angiotensin II-induced hypertension. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0213186. [PMID: 30830950 PMCID: PMC6398866 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0213186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Non-selective histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors are known to improve hypertension. Here, we investigated the therapeutic effect and regulatory mechanism of the class I HDAC selective inhibitors, MS-275 and RGFP966, in angiotensin (Ang) II-induced hypertensive mice. Methods and results MS-275 inhibited the activity of HDAC1, HDAC2, and HDAC3, while RGFP966 weakly inhibited that of HDAC3 in a cell-free system. MS-275 and RGFP966 treatment reduced systolic blood pressure and thickness of the aorta wall in Ang II-induced hypertensive mice. MS-275 treatment reduced aorta collagen deposition, as determined by Masson’s trichrome staining. MS-275 decreased the components of the renin angiotensin system and increased vascular relaxation of rat aortic rings via the nitric oxide (NO) pathway. NO levels reduced by Ang II were restored by MS-275 treatment in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). However, MS-275 dose (3 mg·kg-1·day-1) was not enough to induce NO production in vivo. In addition, MS-275 did not prevent endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) uncoupling in the aorta of Ang II-induced mice. Treatment with MS-275 failed to inhibit Ang II-induced expression of NADPH oxidase (Nox)1, Nox2, and p47phox. MS-275 treatment reduced proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, as well as adhesion molecules. Histological analysis showed that Ang II-induced macrophage infiltration was reduced by MS-275 and RGFP966 administration. Conclusions Our results indicate that class I HDAC selective inhibitors may be good therapeutic agents for the treatment of hypertension through the regulation of vascular remodeling and vasoconstriction, as well as inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhee Ryu
- Heart Research Center of Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.,Hypertension Heart Failure Research Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Jin Kee
- Heart Research Center of Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.,Hypertension Heart Failure Research Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Simei Sun
- Heart Research Center of Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.,Hypertension Heart Failure Research Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.,Molecular Medicine, Brain Korea 21 Plus, Chonnam National University Graduate School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.,Zhoushan Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Lincheng New District Zhoushan Zhejiang, China
| | - Young Mi Seok
- National Development Institute of Korean Medicine, Hwarang-ro, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sin Young Choi
- Heart Research Center of Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.,Hypertension Heart Failure Research Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.,Molecular Medicine, Brain Korea 21 Plus, Chonnam National University Graduate School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwi Ran Kim
- Heart Research Center of Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.,Hypertension Heart Failure Research Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Jung Kee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chonnam National University, Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Marc Pflieger
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr, 1, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Thomas Kurz
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr, 1, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hyung-Seok Kim
- Department of Forsensic Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Ho Jeong
- Heart Research Center of Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.,Hypertension Heart Failure Research Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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Gupta R, Gupta S, Sharma S, Sinha DN, Mehrotra R. A systematic review on association between smokeless tobacco & cardiovascular diseases. Indian J Med Res 2018; 148:77-89. [PMID: 30264756 PMCID: PMC6172910 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_2020_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES The association of smokeless tobacco (SLT) with cardiovascular diseases has remained controversial due to conflicting reports from various countries. Earlier meta-analyses have shown significantly higher risk of fatal myocardial infarction and stroke in SLT users. However, the risk of hypertension (HTN) with SLT products has not been reviewed earlier. This systematic review was undertaken to summarize the evidence available from global literature on the association of SLT with cardiovascular outcomes - heart disease, stroke and HTN. METHODS A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed and Google Scholar since their inception till October 2017 using pre-decided search terms and inclusion/exclusion criteria. Data were extracted from studies included independently by two authors and reviewed. RESULTS The review included 50 studies - 23 on heart disease, 14 on stroke and 14 on HTN. Majority of the studies evaluating heart disease or stroke were conducted in the European Region and most of these did not find a significant association between SLT use and either of these outcomes. On the other hand, 70 per cent of the studies on HTN were reported from South-East Asian Region and about half of the studies found a higher risk of HTN in SLT users. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSIONS Current available evidence is insufficient to conclusively support the association of cardiovascular diseases with SLT use due to variability in results and methodological constraints in most of the studies. Region and product-specific well-designed studies are required to provide this evidence to the policymakers. However, advice on cessation of SLT products should be offered to patients presenting with cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchika Gupta
- Division of Cytopathology, ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention & Research, Noida, India
| | - Sanjay Gupta
- Division of Cytopathology, ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention & Research, Noida, India
| | - Shashi Sharma
- Division of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention & Research, Noida, India
| | | | - Ravi Mehrotra
- WHO FCTC Global Knowledge Hub for Smokeless Tobacco, ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention & Research, Noida, India
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Wu J, Li T, Song X, Sun W, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Li L, Yu Y, Liu Y, Qi C, Liu B. Prevalence and distribution of hypertension and related risk factors in Jilin Province, China 2015: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e020126. [PMID: 29599392 PMCID: PMC5875623 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-020126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and distribution of hypertension and its related factors in Jilin province, China. DESIGN A cross-sectional study in four cities and four rural counties in Jilin as part of a national Chinese study. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING A total of 15 206 participants who were ≥15 years old and were selected using a stratified multistage random sampling method. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The prevalence of hypertension. RESULTS The prevalence of hypertension in Jilin province was 24.7%. Moreover, the prevalence of hypertension increased with age in both sexes, and was higher in men than in women. The modifiable factors that were associated with hypertension were body mass index, smoking and alcohol drinking. The risk factors identified are similar to those in southern China, except smoking, which has no association with hypertension prevalence in the South. CONCLUSIONS Age, sex, body mass index, smoking and alcohol drinking were risk factors of hypertension. Control of these related risk factors, especially smoking, may be helpful in the treatment and management of hypertension in Jilin province.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junduo Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Tianyi Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xianjing Song
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yangyu Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yingyu Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Longbo Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yunpeng Yu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yihang Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chao Qi
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Babu GR, Murthy GVS, Ana Y, Patel P, Deepa R, Benjamin-Neelon SE, Kinra S, Reddy KS. Association of obesity with hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus in India: A meta-analysis of observational studies. World J Diabetes 2018; 9:40-52. [PMID: 29359028 PMCID: PMC5763039 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v9.i1.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To perform a meta-analysis of the association of obesity with hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in India among adults.
METHODS To conduct meta-analysis, we performed comprehensive, electronic literature search in the PubMed, CINAHL Plus, and Google Scholar. We restricted the analysis to studies with documentation of some measure of obesity namely; body mass index, waist-hip ratio, waist circumference and diagnosis of hypertension or diagnosis of T2DM. By obtaining summary estimates of all included studies, the meta-analysis was performed using both RevMan version 5 and “metan” command STATA version 11. Heterogeneity was measured by I2 statistic. Funnel plot analysis has been done to assess the study publication bias.
RESULTS Of the 956 studies screened, 18 met the eligibility criteria. The pooled odds ratio between obesity and hypertension was 3.82 (95%CI: 3.39 to 4.25). The heterogeneity around this estimate (I2 statistic) was 0%, indicating low variability. The pooled odds ratio from the included studies showed a statistically significant association between obesity and T2DM (OR = 1.14, 95%CI: 1.04 to 1.24) with a high degree of variability.
CONCLUSION Despite methodological differences, obesity showed significant, potentially plausible association with hypertension and T2DM in studies conducted in India. Being a modifiable risk factor, our study informs setting policy priority and intervention efforts to prevent debilitating complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giridhara R Babu
- Public Health Foundation of India, IIPH-H, Bangalore Campus, SIHFW Premises, Beside Leprosy Hospital, Bangalore 560023, India
| | - G V S Murthy
- Indian Institute of Public Health-Hyderabad, Plot # 1, A.N.V.Arcade, Amar Co-op Society, Kavuri Hills, Madhapur, Hyderabad 500033, India
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
| | - Yamuna Ana
- Public Health Foundation of India, IIPH-H, Bangalore Campus, SIHFW Premises, Beside Leprosy Hospital, Bangalore 560023, India
| | - Prital Patel
- Indian School of Business, Hyderabad 500111, India
| | - R Deepa
- Public Health Foundation of India, IIPH-H, Bangalore Campus, SIHFW Premises, Beside Leprosy Hospital, Bangalore 560023, India
| | | | - Sanjay Kinra
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine and University College London Hospital, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
| | - K Srinath Reddy
- Public Health Foundation of India, ISID Campus, 4 Institutional Area Vasant Kunj, New Delhi 110070, India
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Tripathy JP, Thakur JS, Jeet G, Chawla S, Jain S. Alarmingly high prevalence of hypertension and pre-hypertension in North India-results from a large cross-sectional STEPS survey. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188619. [PMID: 29267338 PMCID: PMC5739392 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The study was primarily aimed at estimating the prevalence of hypertension and pre-hypertension and the risk factors of hypertension in the North Indian state of Punjab. It also aimed at assessing the magnitude of undiagnosed cases of hypertension in the community and ascertaining the blood pressure control status of those on treatment. METHODS A non-communicable disease risk factor survey (based on WHO-STEPS approach) was done in the state of Punjab, India in a multistage stratified sample of 5127 individuals. The study subjects were administered the WHO STEPS-questionnaire and also underwent anthropometric and blood pressure measurements. RESULTS Overall prevalence of HTN among the study participants was found out to be 40.1% (95% CI: 38.8-41.5%) whereas prevalence of pre-hypertension, isolated diastolic and isolated systolic hypertension were 40.8% (39.5-42.2%), 9.2% (8.4-10.0%) and 6.5% (5.9-7.2%) respectively. Age group (45-69 years), male gender, social group, marital status, alcohol use, obesity and salt intake (> = 5 gms/day) were the risk factors significantly associated with HTN. Among all persons with HTN, only 30.1% were known case of HTN or on treatment, among whom nearly 61% had controlled blood pressure. Patients with uncontrolled BP were more frequently male, obese patients, with sedentary lifestyle and patients with diabetes. CONCLUSIONS The study reported alarmingly high prevalence of hypertension, especially of undiagnosed or untreated cases amongst the adult population, a significant proportion of whom have uncontrolled blood pressure levels. This indicates the need for systematic screening and awareness program to identify the undiagnosed cases in the community and offer early treatment and regular follow up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaya Prasad Tripathy
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, The Union South East Asia Office, New Delhi, India
| | - Jarnail Singh Thakur
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Public Health, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Gursimer Jeet
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Public Health, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sohan Chawla
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Public Health, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sanjay Jain
- Department of Internal Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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Roy A, Praveen PA, Amarchand R, Ramakrishnan L, Gupta R, Kondal D, Singh K, Sharma M, Shukla DK, Tandon N, Reddy KS, Krishnan A, Prabhakaran D. Changes in hypertension prevalence, awareness, treatment and control rates over 20 years in National Capital Region of India: results from a repeat cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2017; 7:e015639. [PMID: 28706098 PMCID: PMC5734355 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-015639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Despite being one of the leading risk factors of cardiovascular mortality, there are limited data on changes in hypertension burden and management from India. This study evaluates trend in the prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension in the urban and rural areas of India's National Capital Region (NCR). DESIGN AND SETTING Two representative cross-sectional surveys were conducted in urban and rural areas (survey 1 (1991-1994); survey 2 (2010-2012)) of NCR using similar methodologies. PARTICIPANTS A total of 3048 (mean age: 46.8±9.0 years; 52.3% women) and 2052 (mean age: 46.5±8.4 years; 54.2% women) subjects of urban areas and 2487 (mean age: 46.6±8.8 years; 57.0% women) and 1917 (mean age: 46.5±8.5 years; 51.3% women) subjects of rural areas were included in survey 1 and survey 2, respectively. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES Hypertension was defined as per Joint National Committee VII guidelines. Structured questionnaire was used to measure the awareness and treatment status of hypertension. A mean systolic blood pressure <140 mm Hg and diastolic blood pressure <90 mm Hg was defined as control of hypertension among the participants with hypertension. RESULTS The age and sex standardised prevalence of hypertension increased from 23.0% to 42.2% (p<0.001) and 11.2% to 28.9% (p<0.001) in urban and rural NCR, respectively. In both surveys, those with high education, alcohol use, obesity and high fasting blood glucose were at a higher risk for hypertension. However, the change in hypertension prevalence between the surveys was independent of these risk factors (adjusted OR (95% CI): urban (2.3 (2.0 to 2.7)) rural (3.1 (2.4 to 4.0))). Overall, there was no improvement in awareness, treatment and control rates of hypertension in the population. CONCLUSION There was marked increase in prevalence of hypertension over two decades with no improvement in management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambuj Roy
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiothoracic Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Pradeep A Praveen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ritvik Amarchand
- Centre for Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Lakshmy Ramakrishnan
- Department of Cardiac Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ruby Gupta
- Public Health Foundation of India, Gurgaon, India
| | | | | | | | | | - Nikhil Tandon
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Anand Krishnan
- Centre for Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Gebrihet TA, Mesgna KH, Gebregiorgis YS, Kahsay AB, Weldehaweria NB, Weldu MG. Awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension is low among adults in Aksum town, northern Ethiopia: A sequential quantitative-qualitative study. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176904. [PMID: 28489865 PMCID: PMC5425176 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hypertension is a major risk factor of cardiovascular diseases which are the leading causes of deaths from chronic non-communicable diseases in Ethiopia. However, little is documented in the issue. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence, associated factors, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension among adults 18 years old or above in Aksum town, Tigray region, North Ethiopia. METHODS A sequential quantitative-qualitative study was conducted among adults aged 18 years and above in Aksum town. A multi stage sampling procedure was used to select the study participants for the quantitative study whilst convenience sampling technique was used for the qualitative part. A pre-tested and structured questionnaire was used to collect quantitative data, and an interview guide was used to collect the qualitative data. The logistic regression model was fitted to identify factors independently associated with hypertension using SPSS Version 20. P-values of < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. For the qualitative data, iterative hearing of the discussions verbatim interpretation was followed by categorizing similar ideas into themes and finally triangulated with the quantitative results. RESULTS The overall prevalence of hypertension was 16.5% (95% CI: 13.4, 20.0). Awareness, treatment and control of hypertension were 43%, 2.1% and 18.2%, respectively. Being unable to read and write [AOR = 4.73, 95% CI:1.11, 20.23], not consuming fruit [AOR = 4.31, 95% CI:1.74, 10.66], being physically inactive [AOR = 20.11, 95% CI:8.75, 6.20], not knowing physical inactivity is a risk factor of hypertension [AOR = 3.57, 95% CI: 1.69, 7.69] and being overweight/obese [AOR = 9.2, 95% CI:4.54, 18.67] were significantly associated with hypertension. Remarkably, all identified hypertensive cases were linked to the nearby hospital for confirmation of diagnosis, care and follow-up and all of them were found to be hypertensive. This suggests that implementing primary health care approach integrated with the urban health extension package may be effective in the prevention and control of hypertension in poor settings. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION Prevalence of hypertension among adults was very high, but awareness, treatment and control of hypertension was very low. Being unable to read and write, not consuming fruit, being physically inactive, overweight/obesity and not knowing physical inactivity is a risk factor for hypertension were independently associated with hypertension. Policy makers need to consider integrating prevention and control of hypertension with health extension package. Appropriate information, education and communication strategies should also be designed and implemented to avoid unhealthy lifestyles and promote healthy practices.
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Krishnadath ISK, Jaddoe VWV, Nahar-van Venrooij LM, Toelsie JR. Ethnic differences in prevalence and risk factors for hypertension in the Suriname Health Study: a cross sectional population study. Popul Health Metr 2016; 14:33. [PMID: 27660556 PMCID: PMC5026769 DOI: 10.1186/s12963-016-0102-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited information is available about the prevalence, ethnic disparities, and risk factors of hypertension within developing countries. We used data from a nationwide study on non-communicable disease (NCD) risk factors to estimate, explore, and compare the prevalence of hypertension overall and in subgroups of risk factors among different ethnic groups in Suriname. METHOD The Suriname Health Study used the World Health Organization Steps design to select respondents with a stratified multistage cluster sample of households. The overall and ethnic specific prevalences of hypertension were calculated in general and in subgroups of sex, age, marital status, educational level, income status, employment, smoking status, residence, physical activity, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference (WC). Differences in the prevalence between ethnic subgroups were assessed using the Chi-square test. We used several adjustment models to explore whether the observed ethnic differences were explained by biological, demographic, lifestyle, or anthropometric risk factors. RESULTS The prevalence of hypertension was 26.2 % (95 % confidence interval 25.1 %-27.4 %). Men had higher mean values for systolic and diastolic blood pressure compared to women. Blood pressure increased with age. The prevalence was highest for Creole, Hindustani, and Javanese and lowest for Amerindians, Mixed, and Maroons. Differences between ethnic groups were measured in the prevalence of hypertension in subcategories of sex, marital status, education, income, smoking, physical activity, and BMI. The major difference in association of ethnic groups with hypertension was between Hindustani and Amerindians. CONCLUSION The prevalence of hypertension in Suriname was in the range of developing countries. The highest prevalence was found in Creoles, Hindustani, and Javanese. Differences in the prevalence of hypertension were observed between ethnic subgroups with biological, demographic, lifestyle, and anthropometric risk factors. These findings emphasize the need for ethnic-specific research and prevention and intervention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid S. K. Krishnadath
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Anton de Kom University of Suriname, Paramaribo, Suriname
| | - Vincent W. V. Jaddoe
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lenny M. Nahar-van Venrooij
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Anton de Kom University of Suriname, Paramaribo, Suriname
| | - Jerry R. Toelsie
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Anton de Kom University of Suriname, Paramaribo, Suriname
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Igarashi R, Fujihara K, Heianza Y, Ishizawa M, Kodama S, Saito K, Hara S, Hanyu O, Honda R, Tsuji H, Arase Y, Sone H. Impact of individual components and their combinations within a family history of hypertension on the incidence of hypertension: Toranomon hospital health management center study 22. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e4564. [PMID: 27661014 PMCID: PMC5044884 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000004564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although a family history (FH) of hypertension is a risk factor for the development of hypertension, only a few studies have investigated in detail the impact of individual components of an FH on incident hypertension. We investigated the impact of individual components and their combinations on the presence or development of hypertension considering obesity, smoking habits, physical activity, and other metabolic parameters.Studied were 12,222 Japanese individuals without hypertension (n = 9,766) and with hypertension (n = 2,456) at the baseline examination. The presence or incidence of hypertension during 5 years after a baseline examination was assessed by the presence of systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg or a self-reported history of clinician-diagnosed hypertension. In this prospective study, the odds ratio for incident hypertension was 1.39 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.22, 1.59) for individuals with any FH of hypertension compared with those without such an FH. Individuals with an FH of hypertension in both parents and one or more grandparents had an odds ratio of 3.05 (95% CI 1.74, 5.36) for hypertension compared with those without an FH of hypertension. FH was associated with incident hypertension independently of other modifiable risk factors such as obesity, smoking, physical inactivity, hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia, and hypertriglyceridemia.A parental history of hypertension was an essential component within an FH for incident hypertension. FH of hypertension over two generations with both parents affected was the most important risk factor for incident hypertension. Although an FH is not a modifiable risk factor, modifying other risk factors could contribute to reducing the risk of hypertension even among individuals with a family history of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risa Igarashi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Niigata University Faculty of Medicine, Niigata
| | - Kazuya Fujihara
- Department of Internal Medicine, Niigata University Faculty of Medicine, Niigata
| | - Yoriko Heianza
- Department of Internal Medicine, Niigata University Faculty of Medicine, Niigata
| | - Masahiro Ishizawa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Niigata University Faculty of Medicine, Niigata
| | - Satoru Kodama
- Department of Internal Medicine, Niigata University Faculty of Medicine, Niigata
- Health Management Center, Toranomon Hospital
| | - Kazumi Saito
- Department of Internal Medicine, Niigata University Faculty of Medicine, Niigata
- Health Management Center, Toranomon Hospital
| | - Shigeko Hara
- Health Management Center, Toranomon Hospital
- Okinaka Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Osamu Hanyu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Niigata University Faculty of Medicine, Niigata
| | | | - Hiroshi Tsuji
- Health Management Center, Toranomon Hospital
- Okinaka Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuji Arase
- Health Management Center, Toranomon Hospital
- Okinaka Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirohito Sone
- Department of Internal Medicine, Niigata University Faculty of Medicine, Niigata
- Health Management Center, Toranomon Hospital
- Correspondence: Hirohito Sone, Health Management Center, Toranomon Hospital, 2-2-2 Toranomon, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8470, Japan (e-mail: )
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Kandpal V, Sachdeva MP, Saraswathy KN. An assessment study of CVD related risk factors in a tribal population of India. BMC Public Health 2016; 16:434. [PMID: 27225632 PMCID: PMC4880982 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-3106-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non communicable diseases (NCDs) have become a major concern for global health. Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) contribute 48 % towards the deaths due to NCDs in India. Though studies have been conducted in urban and rural areas, data related to tribal communities is limited. The present study aims to examine various CVD related risk factors including hypertension, elevated fasting blood glucose, obesity and metabolic syndrome among a tribal population. METHODS The present study was an observational, cross- sectional study conducted on Rang Bhotias, a tribal population of India. The participants were adults of age between 20 and 60 years. Prior to blood sample collection, interview schedule was administered which included relevant information like age, lifestyle, socio-economic status, education and occupation In addition to this, various anthropometric and physiological measurements were taken. Logistic regression was used to examine the association of the various health disorders related to CVDs with age, gender and behavioural factors (smoking, alcohol consumption and physical activity). RESULTS A total of 288 participants were surveyed for the study including 104 males and 184 females. High BMI (56.6 %), hypertension (43.4 %), metabolic syndrome (39.2 %) and abdominal obesity (33.7 %) were the most prevalent CVD risk factors observed in the population. The multivariate logistic regression analysis, conducted to examine the contribution of risk factors including behavioural risk factors on the studied abnormalities, revealed age to be a significant risk factor for all the abnormalities except elevated fasting blood glucose. Gender and physical inactivity contributed significantly towards development of hypertension. Physical inactivity was also found to be associated with high BMI levels. CONCLUSION In the present study, hypertension, high BMI levels, MS and abdominal obesity have been found to be high among the studied population. The status of the population with respect to these abnormalities implicates susceptibility of the community towards various common disorders. The prevention and treatment intervention programs should be implemented taking into consideration age and gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vani Kandpal
- Department of Anthropology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.
| | - M P Sachdeva
- Department of Anthropology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - K N Saraswathy
- Department of Anthropology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
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Oberbach A, Schlichting N, Heinrich M, Kullnick Y, Lehmann S, Adams V, Stolzenburg JW, Neuhaus J. [High fat diet-induced molecular and physiological dysfunction of the urinary bladder]. Urologe A 2015; 53:1805-11. [PMID: 25412909 DOI: 10.1007/s00120-014-3659-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity with its multiple comorbidities has become a global pandemia. We here report on the pathophysiological aspects of obesity-associated urinary bladder dysfunctions. MATERIAL AND METHODS Our results are based on multiple in vitro and in vivo studies including a high fat diet (HFD) rat animal model of which the details are given in the cited publications. RESULTS In cultured human detrusor muscle cells, obesity-related pathophysiological mechanisms were directly induced by the saturated free fatty acid palmitate. In HFD animals, we found serious fibrosis of the bladder wall and downregulation of the muscarinic M3-receptor leading to diminished contractility of the urinary bladder. Bariatric surgical intervention (sleeve gastrectomy) reversed the fibrosis. CONCLUSION Our results support the relevance of obesity for urological bladder dysfunction. The epidemic dimension of obesity with its steadily growing number of cases requires a re-evaluation of this pathological condition in the urological context.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Oberbach
- Klinik für Herzchirurgie, Herzzentrum Leipzig, Leipzig, Deutschland
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Nag T, Ghosh A. Cardiovascular disease risk factor clustering among rural adult population in West Bengal, India. Obes Res Clin Pract 2015; 10:124-32. [PMID: 26008793 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2015.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Revised: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to find out the prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor clustering in a rural adult population of West Bengal, India. METHODS This cross-sectional study was carried out among 1007 participants (645 males and 362 females) aged ≥20 years in a rural community. All participants were grouped: Group I (20-39 years); Group II (40-59 years); Group III (≥60 years). Anthropometric measures were collected using standard techniques. Metabolic profiles and blood pressure were also measured. RESULTS Mean of minimum waist circumference (MWC), waist-hip ratio (WHR), trunk-extremity ratio (TER), fat free mass (FFM), basal metabolic rate (BMR), intra-abdominal visceral fat (IVF) and arm muscle area (AMA) was found to be higher among males in comparison to females, whereas, the mean of body mass index (BMI), maximum hip circumference (MHC), waist-height ratio (WHtR), sum of four skinfolds (∑SF4), percentage of body fat (%BF), fat mass (FM), insulin, HOMA-IR and arm fat area (AFA) was higher in females. 37% of individuals (males 25% and females 49%) with high triglyceride (TG) also had low high density lipoprotein (HDL), whereas, 25% individuals (males 25% and females 24%) with overweight also had high fasting blood glucose (FBG). The prevalence of high systolic blood pressure (SBP) among individuals having high %BF was higher in the age groups of 40-59 years for both sexes. CONCLUSION The study showed that prevalence of CVD risk factor clustering is high in the study population and warranted early intervention to safeguard the cardiovascular health of the nation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanmay Nag
- Biomedical Research Laboratory, Department of Anthropology, Visva Bharati University, Santiniketan, West Bengal, India
| | - Arnab Ghosh
- Biomedical Research Laboratory, Department of Anthropology, Visva Bharati University, Santiniketan, West Bengal, India.
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Reddy V, Sridhar A, Machado RF, Chen J. High sodium causes hypertension: evidence from clinical trials and animal experiments. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE-JIM 2015; 13:1-8. [PMID: 25609366 DOI: 10.1016/s2095-4964(15)60155-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is a cardiovascular disease affecting approximately one out of every seven people worldwide. High-sodium consumption has been generally accepted as a risk factor for developing hypertension. Today, global sodium consumption greatly exceeds guidelines recommended by all medical institutions. This review synthesizes the data of landmark mammalian and human studies which investigated the role of sodium in the pathogenesis of hypertension, along with modern studies questioning this relationship. Recent studies concerning the potential pathways by which high-sodium concentration induces hypertension were reviewed. Human trials and population studies revealed a strong correlation between high blood pressure and average dietary sodium; and animal studies found a dramatic reduction in vascular function in a variety of mammals treated with high-sodium diets. In spite of a few contrarian studies, we found overwhelming evidence that elevated sodium consumption could cause hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vamsi Reddy
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA
| | - Arvind Sridhar
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA
| | - Roberto F Machado
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA
| | - Jiwang Chen
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA; E-mail:
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Varma PP. Prevalence of chronic kidney disease in India - Where are we heading? Indian J Nephrol 2015; 25:133-5. [PMID: 26060360 PMCID: PMC4446915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- P. P. Varma
- Chief Consultant, Indian Armed Forces, New Delhi, India,Address for correspondence: Dr. P. P. Varma, Indian Armed Forces, New Delhi, India. E-mail:
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