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Ahmed EM. Management of nephrolithiasis in the Middle East over a recent decade: A systematic review. Urol Ann 2024; 16:36-42. [PMID: 38415225 PMCID: PMC10896328 DOI: 10.4103/ua.ua_111_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Nephrolithiasis is a prevalent issue around the globe, particularly in hot climates such as Saudi Arabia. This analysis's objectives were to investigate the characteristics of kidney stones in Eastern Saudi Arabia and to provide the following findings: urinary stone composition, gender and age distribution, seasonal variations in stone formation, coexisting diseases linked to stone development, and urinary stone incidence. With comparisons to European and American populations, the primary risk factors for nephrolithiasis in Asian populations are to be determined through this systematic review and meta-analysis. We synthesized data from 13 geographically different studies using a thorough literature search through PubMed, ScienceDirect, and ResearchGate following the Preferred Reporting Items of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses criteria. Potential targets for specialized public health programs were highlighted by the elucidation of differences in health-care-seeking behavior and disparities in health-care access. The results of this systematic analysis give doctors, researchers, and policymakers a thorough understanding of the condition of nephrolithiasis care in Saudi Arabia today. In addition, to maximize the care of nephrolithiasis in this particular group, this review identifies information gaps and highlights the necessity of context-specific guidelines and future research initiatives. All things considered, this systematic review addresses the unique possibilities and problems that exist within the Saudi Arabian health-care sector while also adding to the worldwide conversation on nephrolithiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehab Mahmoud Ahmed
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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2
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Silva-Ochoa AD, Velasteguí E, Falconí IB, García-Solorzano VI, Rendón-Riofrio A, Sanguña-Soliz GA, Vanden Berghe W, Orellana-Manzano A. Metabolic syndrome: Nutri-epigenetic cause or consequence? Heliyon 2023; 9:e21106. [PMID: 37954272 PMCID: PMC10637881 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of conditions that results from the interplay of genetic and environmental factors, which increase the comorbidity risk of obesity, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, arterial hypertension, stroke, and cardiovascular disease. In this article, we review various high-impact studies which link epigenetics with metabolic syndrome by comparing each study population, methylation effects, and strengths and weaknesses of each research. We also discuss world statistical data on metabolic syndrome incidence in developing countries where the metabolic syndrome is common condition that has significant public health implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso D. Silva-Ochoa
- Laboratorio para Investigaciones Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Campus Gustavo Galindo Km. 30.5 Vía Perimetral, P.O. Box 09-01-5863, Guayaquil, Ecuador
- Licenciatura en Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Campus Gustavo Galindo Km. 30.5 Vía Perimetral, P.O. Box 09-01-5863, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Erick Velasteguí
- Laboratorio para Investigaciones Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Campus Gustavo Galindo Km. 30.5 Vía Perimetral, P.O. Box 09-01-5863, Guayaquil, Ecuador
- Departamento de Ciencias de Alimentos y Biotecnología, Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Isaac B. Falconí
- Laboratorio para Investigaciones Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Campus Gustavo Galindo Km. 30.5 Vía Perimetral, P.O. Box 09-01-5863, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Valeria I. García-Solorzano
- Laboratorio para Investigaciones Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Campus Gustavo Galindo Km. 30.5 Vía Perimetral, P.O. Box 09-01-5863, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Angie Rendón-Riofrio
- Laboratorio para Investigaciones Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Campus Gustavo Galindo Km. 30.5 Vía Perimetral, P.O. Box 09-01-5863, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Gabriela A. Sanguña-Soliz
- Laboratorio para Investigaciones Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Campus Gustavo Galindo Km. 30.5 Vía Perimetral, P.O. Box 09-01-5863, Guayaquil, Ecuador
- Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Centro de Agua y Desarrollo Sustentable, CADS, Campus Gustavo Galindo Km. 30.5 Vía Perimetral, P.O. Box 09-01-5863, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Wim Vanden Berghe
- Epigenetic signaling PPES lab, Department Biomedical Sciences, University Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Andrea Orellana-Manzano
- Laboratorio para Investigaciones Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Campus Gustavo Galindo Km. 30.5 Vía Perimetral, P.O. Box 09-01-5863, Guayaquil, Ecuador
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Almaski A, Almughamisi M. Assessment of prediabetes knowledge among adults in Al-Madinah, Saudi Arabia. Nutr Health 2023:2601060231155709. [PMID: 36798008 DOI: 10.1177/02601060231155709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Background: Prediabetes is a serious health condition which can be treated with changes to lifestyle behaviour. It is a significant warning sign of being at high risk of developing type 2 diabetes. This study aims to assess knowledge of prediabetes and its associated risk factors in the community of Al-Madinah, Saudi Arabia (SA). Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among adult respondents in Al-Madinah in 2022. A sample size of 397 participants completed a validated self-administrated survey and data were analysed using descriptive statistics (numbers, percentages, mean and standard deviation). Results: Of the 397 participants who responded to the survey, 56.7% were aged between 21 and 25 years old, with more than half (51.9%) being male and the majority being more educated (72%). Among the participants, 14.1%, 34.3% and 51.5% had a high, moderate and poor knowledge of prediabetes, respectively. Overall, there was a statistically significant association between age (>25 years old) (p = 0.003), gender difference (p = 0.006), and prediabetes knowledge. Conclusion: Knowledge of prediabetes is important in the prevention of type 2 diabetes. The population of Al-Madinah demonstrated a low level of prediabetes knowledge; therefore, the design and implementation of community-based intervention programmes with an emphasis on raising prediabetes awareness is crucial. Policymakers, organisations and partnerships will be required to develop a well-designed and effective programme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameerah Almaski
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, 123305Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manal Almughamisi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, 123305Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia
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Abdu M, Allinjawi K, Almabadi HM. An Assessment on the Awareness of Diabetic Retinopathy Among Participants Attending the Diabetes Awareness Camp in Saudi Arabia. Cureus 2022; 14:e31031. [PMID: 36475173 PMCID: PMC9717717 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.31031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim The objective of this study is to assess the level of awareness of the effect of diabetes and diabetic retinopathy (DR) on the eye among a sample of the Jeddah community. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among those attending a diabetes awareness camp in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, in November 2021. Participants were asked to answer questions in a structured questionnaire that was already used in a previous study. Responses were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25 (IBM SPSS Statistics, Armonk, NY, USA). Results A total of 352 participants were included in this study, 184 (52.3%) of them were females. Of the participants, only 74 (21%) had diabetes mellitus (DM). The vast majority (94%) of the participants believed that diabetes could affect the eyes, and 94.3% believed that maintaining the level of blood sugar could maintain the eye and the level of vision. Moreover, 77.3% were aware that diabetes could lead to visual impairment and blindness. Around one-third of the total participants and less than half of the diabetic group were found familiar with DR. Although 96% of diabetic participants reported the need for diabetics to get their eyes checked annually, only 70% did so. Lack of awareness of the effect of diabetes on the retina was the main barrier preventing diabetic groups from getting their eye checked. Conclusion Despite the good level of awareness among the community and diabetics about diabetes and its effect on the eyes, there is less awareness that DR is one of the most dangerous complications that lead to visual impairments. These findings assure the importance to raise awareness of DR among the community and diabetics and increase awareness of the importance of annual eye examinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Abdu
- Optometry, College of Applied Medical Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Kareem Allinjawi
- Optometry, College of Applied Medical Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Huda M Almabadi
- Optometry, College of Applied Medical Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, SAU
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Metabolic Syndrome: Prevalence and Risk Factors among Adolescent Female Intermediate and Secondary Students in Saudi Arabia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18042142. [PMID: 33671739 PMCID: PMC7926656 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18042142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background: Metabolic syndrome (MS) has become one of the major challenges to public health worldwide due to its significant association with increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD) among children and adolescents. Therefore, this study aims to determine the prevalence and risk factors of MS in Saudi adolescents. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in two female National Guard schools (Um Kalthoom Intermediate School and Zainab Bint Jahsh Secondary School) in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, between January 2018 and March 2018. Of the 808 female students, 172 (age range of 12–19 years) participated voluntarily, with consent from their guardian(s), fasted for at least 8 h prior to the study, and represent the final study sample. Male students were not included due to cultural constraints in conducting the study. Demographic data, physical measurement (blood pressure, weight, height, body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC)), and biochemical measurement (fasting plasma glucose and triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein) were obtained. The International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria was utilized in the diagnosis of MS. Results: Of the 172 female adolescents, 24 (13.75%) are overweight, 20 (11.63%) are obese, and 3 (1.74%) are underweight. High-fasting plasma glucose (n = 85, 49.41%) and high waist circumference (n = 74, 43.02%) were the most common risk factors of MS among female adolescents. The overall prevalence of MS was 7% (n = 12/172). MS is more common among those who are obese or among those with a BMI that falls at the ≥95th percentile (n = 6/20, 30.0%) (p < 0.05) as compared to those who are overweight with a BMI that falls within the 85th to <95th percentiles (n = 2/24, 8.33%). Interestingly, 3.20% of the sample (n = 4/125) with normal BMI were diagnosed with MS. Conclusions: Our study indicates that MS is common among obese and overweight female adolescents but is also present among those who are not obese or with normal BMI. Moreover, the prevalence of overweight, obese, and those with MS in this reference population are lower compared to the cities of Makkah and Riyadh; however, it varies widely around the world due to different criteria and cut-off values in the diagnosis of MS.
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Prevalence and associated factors of metabolic syndrome among a national population-based sample of 18–108-year-olds in Iraq: results of the 2015 STEPS survey. Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13410-020-00912-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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Albaker W, El-Ashker S, Baraka MA, El-Tanahi N, Ahsan M, Al-Hariri M. Adiposity and Cardiometabolic Risk assessment Among University Students in Saudi Arabia. Sci Prog 2021; 104:36850421998532. [PMID: 33720790 PMCID: PMC10358492 DOI: 10.1177/0036850421998532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Overweight and obesity have become a significant health hazard among adolescents on account of quick growth in its occurrence rate and its common comorbidities like cardiometabolic disease (CMD). The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of adiposity and assess the risk of CMD among university students in Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia. A cross-sectional study was conducted during the academic year 2017-2018, in a sample of 310 subjects (127 males; 183 females). The measurements were taken using standardized instruments including Body Mass Index (BMI), Fat Mass Index (FMI), Body Fat Percentage BFP), Mass of Body Fat (MBF), Visceral Fat Area (VFA), Waist Circumference (WC), and Waist to Hip Ratio (WHR). Moreover, CMD risk indicators were calculated by Conicity index (C index), WC, and WHR. The findings showed that the majority was overweight and obese (16.8% and 21.6%, respectively). While evaluating obesity indicators, males were found to have higher adiposity (obese students 34.6%) compared to female students (12.6%; p < 0.001). Additionally, FMI showed that the mean was significantly higher among males (8.65 ± 6.06) compared to females (7.26 ± 3.30; p < 0.019). Analysis of the predictors' indices for cardiometabolic risk score highlighted a significantly higher percentage of WC, WHR, and C index among male students (50, 38.5, 59) compared to females (16.9, 14.2, 34; p < 0.001). Significant positive correlations were observed between C index quartiles and BMI with the other cardiometabolic indices (p < 0.001). This study highlighted a high prevalence of adiposity and CMD risk among university students. The prediction of CMD in early age is quite helpful in preventing adiposity related health issues. Decision makers need to spread awareness about healthy consumption as well as the relationship between physical inactivity and chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleed Albaker
- College of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Said El-Ashker
- Self-Development Department, Deanship of Preparatory Year, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A. Baraka
- Clinical Pharmacy department, College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
- Clinical Pharmacy department, College of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nagla El-Tanahi
- Self-Development Department, Deanship of Preparatory Year, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Ahsan
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, Department of Physical Therapy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Al-Hariri
- College of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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Ajlouni K, Khader Y, Alyousfi M, Al Nsour M, Batieha A, Jaddou H. Metabolic syndrome amongst adults in Jordan: prevalence, trend, and its association with socio-demographic characteristics. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2020; 12:100. [PMID: 33292456 PMCID: PMC7672879 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-020-00610-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple epidemiological studies were conducted amongst a variety of ethnic groups and showed discrepancies in the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MeS) and its individual components. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of MeS in Jordan using both the Adult Treatment Panel Guidelines (ATP III) and the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria. The study also aimed to assess the changes in the prevalence of MeS over time and determine its association with sociodemographic variables. METHODS Data from the 2017 Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors Survey were used for this study. Socio-demographic and clinical data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Blood samples were taken for biochemical measurements. Furthermore, anthropometric characteristics were measured by the same team of trained field researchers. A sample of 4,056 individuals aged between 18 and 90 years was included in this study. The findings from the 2017 survey were compared with the findings of a 2009 survey that adopted the same methods and procedures. RESULTS According to the IDF criteria, the crude prevalence of Metabolic syndrome was 48.2% (52.9% among men and 46.2% among women; p < 0.001). Using the ATP III criteria, the prevalence was 44.1% (51.4% among men and 41% among women, p < 0.001). The age-standardized prevalence rate of metabolic syndrome was 44% (95% CI 42.7, 45.4) and 39.9% (95% CI 39.6, 41.2), according to both the IDF definition and ATP III criteria, respectively. The Kappa measure of agreement showed excellent agreement between the two definitions (k = 81.9%, p < 0.001). Of all participants, 41.7% met both the IDF and ATP III diagnostic criteria, 6.6% met the IDF criteria only, and 2.5% met the ATP III criteria only. The age-standardized prevalence rate of metabolic syndrome was significantly higher in 2017 (45.7% in men and 44.5% in women) than that in 2009 survey (34.6% in men and 39.8% in women). Gender, age, occupation, region, and marital status were significantly associated with metabolic syndrome. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Jordan is considerably high and it is increasing. Healthy lifestyle programs encouraging appropriate dietary habits and physical activity are strongly recommended in Jordan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamel Ajlouni
- The National Center for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Genetics, The Jordan University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Yousef Khader
- Department of Public Health, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O.Box 3030, Irbid, 22110 Jordan
| | - Mohamad Alyousfi
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science & Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Mohannad Al Nsour
- The Eastern Mediterranean Public Health Network (EMPHNET), Amman, Jordan
| | - Anwar Batieha
- Department of Public Health, Jordan University of Science and Technology Irbid, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Hashem Jaddou
- Department of Public Health, Jordan University of Science and Technology Irbid, Irbid, Jordan
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Abbasi-Ghahramanloo A, Moshiri E, Afrashteh S, Gholami A, Safiri S, Mohammadbeigi A, Ansari H. Comorbidity of metabolic syndrome components in a population-based screening program: A latent class analysis. Med J Islam Repub Iran 2020; 34:69. [PMID: 32974235 PMCID: PMC7500419 DOI: 10.34171/mjiri.34.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) is rapidly increasing in the world. Thus, the aim of the present study was to identify the latent subgroups of Iranian male adults based on MS components and investigate the effect of abnormal alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), high total cholesterol (TC), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) on the odds of membership in each class. Methods: In the present study, we used the data of a population-based screening program conducted on 823 urban adult men aged 25 years and older in city of Qom in 2014. Abdominal obesity, fasting blood sugar (FBS), blood pressure, and serum lipid profile were measured in participants after for at least 8 hours. MS was defined according to the Adults Treatment Panel III criteria. Latent class analysis was used to achieve the aims of study. Analyses were conducted using PROC LCA in SAS 9.2 software. In all analysis, p value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: There were 3 different latent classes among participants. Latent class 1, non-MS, 55.1%; latent lass 2, at risk, 21.3%; and finally latent class 3, MS, with 23.6% of the participants. Age (OR=0.98, 95% CI: 0.98-0.99, high LDL (OR=0.27, 95% CI: 0.13-0.56), high TC (OR=8.12, 95% CI: 4.40-15.00), and abnormal ALT (OR=2.25, 95% CI 1.49-3.41) were associated with at risk class. Also, only age (OR=1.02, 95% CI: 1.01-1.04) was associated with MS class. The most prevalent components among the participants were having low HDL (34.0%) and high WC (33.9%). Conclusion: Notable percent of samples fell in "at risk" and "MS" classes, which stress the necessity of designing preventive interventions for these specific stratums of population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Abbasi-Ghahramanloo
- Department of Public Health, School of Health, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Esmail Moshiri
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Sima Afrashteh
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Ali Gholami
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran.,Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Saeid Safiri
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Mohammadbeigi
- Research Center for Environmental Pollutants, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Hossein Ansari
- Health Promotion Research Center, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
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Abd El–Wahab EW, Shatat HZ, Charl F. Adapting a Prediction Rule for Metabolic Syndrome Risk Assessment Suitable for Developing Countries. J Prim Care Community Health 2020; 10:2150132719882760. [PMID: 31662026 PMCID: PMC6822183 DOI: 10.1177/2150132719882760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of cardiometabolic disturbances that increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). The early identification of high-risk individuals is the key for halting these conditions. The world is facing a growing epidemic MetS although the magnitude in Egypt is unknown. Objectives: To describe MetS and its determinants among apparently healthy individuals residing in urban and rural communities in Egypt and to establish a model for MetS prediction. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 270 adults from rural and urban districts in Alexandria, Egypt. Participants were clinically evaluated and interviewed for sociodemographic and lifestyle factors and dietary habits. MetS was defined according to the harmonized criteria set by the AHA/NHLBI. The risk of ischemic heart diseases (IHDs), DM and fatty liver were assessed using validated risk prediction charts. A multiple risk model for predicting MetS was developed, and its performance was compared. Results: In total, 57.8% of the study population met the criteria for MetS and were at high risk for developing IHD, DM, and fatty liver. Silent CVD risk factors were identified in 20.4% of the participants. In our proposed multivariate logistic regression model, the predictors of MetS were obesity [OR (95% CI) = 16.3 (6.03-44.0)], morbid obesity [OR (95% CI) = 21.7 (5.3-88.0)], not working [OR (95% CI) = 2.05 (1.1-3.8)], and having a family history of chronic diseases [OR (95% CI) = 4.38 (2.23-8.61)]. Consumption of caffeine once per week protected against MetS by 27.8-fold. The derived prediction rule was accurate in predicting MetS, fatty liver, high risk of DM, and, to a lesser extent, a 10-year lifetime risk of IHD. Conclusion: Central obesity and sedentary lifestyles are accountable for the rising rates of MetS in our society. Interventions are needed to minimize the potential predisposition of the Egyptian population to cardiometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekram W. Abd El–Wahab
- Department of Tropical Health, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Egypt
- Ekram W. Abd El- Wahab, Tropical Health Department, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, 165 El Horreya Road, Alexandria, 21561, Egypt.
| | - Hanan Z. Shatat
- Department of Tropical Health, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - Fahmy Charl
- Department of Occupational Health and Air Pollution (Division of Occupational Health and Industrial Medicine), High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Egypt
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Amer OE, Sabico S, Alfawaz HA, Aljohani N, Hussain SD, Alnaami AM, Wani K, Al-Daghri NM. Reversal of Prediabetes in Saudi Adults: Results from an 18 Month Lifestyle Intervention. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12030804. [PMID: 32197404 PMCID: PMC7146361 DOI: 10.3390/nu12030804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: This 18 month intervention study aims to determine the efficacy of a lifestyle modification program on prediabetes reversal among Saudi adults. Methods: An 18 month randomized, multicenter trial was conducted among Saudis with prediabetes aged 25–60 recruited from King Salman Hospital and primary care centers in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. A total of 180 consenting individuals were randomized (1:1) to receive either intensive lifestyle intervention (ILIG) or guidance (control group, CG). ILIG was provided with a personalized lifestyle counseling by nutritionists every 3 months to improve diet and exercise behaviors. CG was given booklets containing information on prediabetes and its prevention. Data from lifestyle assessments and laboratory measurements were analyzed at baseline and every 6 months. The primary outcome was the reversal rate of prediabetes. Results: 158 participants were analyzed (CG:85, ILIG:73) at the 12 month follow-up and 28 participants (CG:11 and ILIG:17) completed the entire 18 month study. Post-intervention, the cumulative incidence of prediabetes reversal in the ILIG was 38 participants (52.1%) which was significantly higher than CG with 26 participants (30.6%) (p = 0.02). Conclusion: A tailored lifestyle intervention is effective in reversing prediabetes, at least for a year, among Arab adults with prediabetes. The challenge of sustaining interest in adopting lifestyle changes for a longer duration should be addressed in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama E. Amer
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (O.E.A.); (S.S.); (H.A.A.); (S.D.H.); (A.M.A.); (K.W.)
- Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaun Sabico
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (O.E.A.); (S.S.); (H.A.A.); (S.D.H.); (A.M.A.); (K.W.)
- Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanan A. Alfawaz
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (O.E.A.); (S.S.); (H.A.A.); (S.D.H.); (A.M.A.); (K.W.)
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food Science & Agriculture, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naji Aljohani
- Specialized Diabetes and Endocrine Center, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh 11525, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Syed Danish Hussain
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (O.E.A.); (S.S.); (H.A.A.); (S.D.H.); (A.M.A.); (K.W.)
- Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah M. Alnaami
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (O.E.A.); (S.S.); (H.A.A.); (S.D.H.); (A.M.A.); (K.W.)
- Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kaiser Wani
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (O.E.A.); (S.S.); (H.A.A.); (S.D.H.); (A.M.A.); (K.W.)
| | - Nasser M. Al-Daghri
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (O.E.A.); (S.S.); (H.A.A.); (S.D.H.); (A.M.A.); (K.W.)
- Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +0096611-467-5939; Fax: +0096611-467-5931
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Wani K, Sabico S, Alnaami AM, Al-Musharaf S, Fouda MA, Turkestani IZ, Al-Ajlan A, Alshingetti NM, Alokail MS, Al-Daghri NM. Early-Pregnancy Metabolic Syndrome and Subsequent Incidence in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Arab Women. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:98. [PMID: 32174891 PMCID: PMC7056831 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: This study aimed to investigate the association between components of metabolic syndrome (MetS) at first trimester and development of Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in 498 Saudi pregnant women. Materials and Methods: Biochemical and anthropometric parameters were determined at the first trimester and MetS components were defined. Participants were screened for GDM at follow up according to International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Group (IADPSG) criteria. The main outcome measures were development of GDM and GDM risk vs. MetS components at first trimester. Results: One hundred twenty three (24.7%) were diagnosed with GDM according to IADPSG criteria. GDM risk was significantly higher for participants with hypertriglyceridemia at 1st trimester even after adjusting for age, BMI and parity (OR: 1.82; CI: 1.1-3.7, p = 0.04). Furthermore, the odds of hyperglycemia at 1st trimester was significantly higher in GDM than in non-GDM participants even after adjustments (OR: 2.13, 95% CI: 1.1 to 4.3, p = 0.038). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) for predicting GDM revealed an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.69 (95% CI: 0.64 to 0.74, p < 0.001) and 0.71 (95% CI: 0.65 to 0.77, p < 0.001) for first-trimester hyperglycemia and hypertriglyceridemia respectively. Conclusions: The incidence of GDM in Saudi pregnant women was strongly associated with hyperglycemia and hypertriglyceridemia at first trimester. These findings are of clinical importance, as an assessment of MetS in early pregnancy can identify women at higher risk of developing GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiser Wani
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaun Sabico
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah M. Alnaami
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sara Al-Musharaf
- Department of Community Health, College of Applied Medical Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mona A. Fouda
- Endocrinology Division, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Iqbal Z. Turkestani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman Al-Ajlan
- Department of Clinical Lab Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naemah M. Alshingetti
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, King Salman Bin Abdulaziz Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majed S. Alokail
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasser M. Al-Daghri
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Shin S, Jee H. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in the Gulf Cooperation Council countries: meta-analysis of cross-sectional studies. J Exerc Rehabil 2020; 16:27-35. [PMID: 32161732 PMCID: PMC7056482 DOI: 10.12965/jer.1938758.379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is a collection of health-related conditions that lead to serious health condition. An individual with metabolic syndrome may acquire greater risk for adult-onset complications such as cardiovascular or neurological disorders. The aim of this study was to review and provide the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Gulf Cooperation Council countries (GCC). Literature searches were performed on PubMed, Google scholar, and Web of Science Core Collection for English-language articles along with national studies. The following search terms were used during search: “prevalence of metabolic syndrome in GCC,” “prevalence of metabolic syndrome in middle east,” “prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Arab,” and “prevalence of metabolic syndrome name of country.” Thirty-seven studies were selected for final review out of 132 studies. The weighted pooled prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 27.3% with high heterogeneity (I2=98.94%; Cochran Q-test P<0.01). The results showed comparatively high and rising rate of metabolic syndrome in the GCC area. Preventative strategy should be considered to reduce the risk of morbidity or mortality related to metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungmin Shin
- Physical Education Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haemi Jee
- Department of Physical Therapy, Namseoul University, Cheonan, Korea
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Bakhashab S, Filimban N, Altall RM, Nassir R, Qusti SY, Alqahtani MH, Abuzenadah AM, Dallol A. The Effect Sizes of PPARγ rs1801282 , FTO rs9939609, and MC4R rs2229616 Variants on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Risk among the Western Saudi Population: A Cross-Sectional Prospective Study. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11010098. [PMID: 31947684 PMCID: PMC7017045 DOI: 10.3390/genes11010098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a common polygenic disease with associated comorbidities. Obesity is a major risk factor for the development of T2DM. The aim of this study is to determine the allele and genotype frequency of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) rs1801282, fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO) rs9939609, and melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) rs2229616 polymorphisms and their association with risk of T2DM in the western Saudi population as mediators of adiposity phenotypes. In a cross-sectional prospective study, genomic DNA from control and T2DM patients were isolated and genotyped for these single-nucleotide polymorphisms. There was a significant association of the MC4R rs2229616 variant with T2DM, but no association with T2DM was detected with PPARγ rs1801282 or FTO rs9939609. The combination of C/C for PPARγ rs1801282, A/A for FTO rs9939609, and C/C for MC4R rs2229616 increased the risk of T2DM by 1.82. The A/T genotype for FTO rs9939609 was predicted to decrease the risk of T2DM when combined with C/C for PPARγ rs1801282 and C/C for MC4R rs2229616 or C/C for PPARγ rs1801282 and C/T MC4R rs2229616. In conclusion, our study showed the risk of the assessed variants for the development of T2DM in the Saudi population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherin Bakhashab
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O Box 80218, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (N.F.); (R.M.A.); (S.Y.Q.)
- Center of Innovation in Personalized Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, P.O Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.A.); (A.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966126400000
| | - Najlaa Filimban
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O Box 80218, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (N.F.); (R.M.A.); (S.Y.Q.)
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Clinical Genomics, Department of Genetics, P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rana M. Altall
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O Box 80218, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (N.F.); (R.M.A.); (S.Y.Q.)
| | - Rami Nassir
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, P.O. Box 715, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Safaa Y. Qusti
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O Box 80218, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (N.F.); (R.M.A.); (S.Y.Q.)
| | - Mohammed H. Alqahtani
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, P.O Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adel M. Abuzenadah
- Center of Innovation in Personalized Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, P.O Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.A.); (A.D.)
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ashraf Dallol
- Center of Innovation in Personalized Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, P.O Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.A.); (A.D.)
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
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Šoštarič A, Jenko B, Kozjek NR, Ovijač D, Šuput D, Milisav I, Dolžan V. Detection of metabolic syndrome burden in healthy young adults may enable timely introduction of disease prevention. Arch Med Sci 2019; 15:1184-1194. [PMID: 31572463 PMCID: PMC6764305 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2019.87462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Metabolic syndrome and associated diseases are a global health problem. Detection of early metabolic modifications that may lead to metabolic syndrome would enable timely introduction of preventive lifestyle modifications. MATERIAL AND METHODS In total 103 young, healthy adults were assessed for indicators of metabolic alterations. Anthropometric, lifestyle, genetic and biochemical parameters were assessed. Individuals who fulfilled at least one criterion for diagnosis of metabolic syndrome were assigned to the group with the higher metabolic syndrome burden (B-MeS). RESULTS The 34 young healthy individuals who were assigned to the B-MeS group had lower fat-free mass, higher body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, fat mass, and blood pressure, more visceral fat, they were less physically active, had higher C-reactive protein values and higher catalase activity. Their phenotype was more similar to that of patients diagnosed with metabolic syndrome than the rest of the population. CONCLUSIONS Simple anthropometric measurements, lifestyle assessment and basic biochemical measurements can be used to identify young healthy individuals with increased risk for metabolic syndrome. These assessments can be performed at periodic check-ups of the healthy population so that timely diagnosis of B-MeS can be made. As lifestyle factors have a big influence on development or improvement of the MeS, the timely diagnosis for B-MeS would enable an early opportunity for intervention for lifestyle modification in the still healthy population, saving costs and reducing disability adjusted life years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Šoštarič
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Barbara Jenko
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nada Rotovnik Kozjek
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Institute of Oncology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Darja Ovijač
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Dušan Šuput
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Irina Milisav
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Vita Dolžan
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Balgoon MJ, Al-Zahrani MH, Alkhattabi NA, Alzahrani NA. The correlation between obesity and metabolic syndrome in young female university students in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2019; 13:2399-2402. [PMID: 31405650 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2019.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the association between increased body mass index (BMI) values and the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in young female science students. METHODOLOGY The study population was 174 female students aged 18-25 years attending King Abdulaziz University (KAU) in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Anthropometric measurements obtained included weight, height, waist, and hips circumferences. Blood pressure was also measured, and blood samples were collected for measurements of total cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), fasting blood glucose (FBG), and other biochemical parameters. RESULTS Around 17.7% of the students were at risk of developing MetS, with three or more risk factors detected, and 45% of the students had one or two risk factors. Increased BMI values were associated with an elevated risk of developing MetS, as 41.4% of the overweight students and 44.8% of the obese students had three or more risk factors. CONCLUSION The prevalence of MetS is increasing in Young female university in the KSA as a result of an unhealthy lifestyle, including a lack of physical activity, leading to increased weight and the possible development of chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha J Balgoon
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Maryam H Al-Zahrani
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nuha A Alkhattabi
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noor A Alzahrani
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia
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Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and population attributable risk for cardiovascular, stroke, and coronary heart diseases as well as myocardial infarction and all-cause mortality in middle-east: Systematic review & meta-analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.obmed.2019.100086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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18
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Al-Shahri MZ, Sroor MY, Ghareeb WA, Aboulela EN, Edesa W. The Use of Antidiabetic, Antihypertensive, and Lipid-lowering Medications in the Elderly Dying with Advanced Cancer. Indian J Palliat Care 2019; 25:124-126. [PMID: 30820114 PMCID: PMC6388588 DOI: 10.4103/ijpc.ijpc_96_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Maintenance of medications that are unconducive to the quality of life is difficult to justify in dying terminally-ill cancer patients. Objective We aimed at determining the prevalence of administering antidiabetic, antihypertensive, and lipid-lowering medications to elderly patients dying with cancer. Methods We reviewed the medical records of patients above 60 years of age with advanced cancer who died in a palliative care unit. The collected data included the use of antidiabetic, antihypertensive, and lipid-lowering medications during the last week of life. Results Of 103 patients, 51.5% were female and the median age was 69 years. The most common cancers included gastrointestinal (40.8%), gynecological (13.6%), and head and neck (12.6%). All patients had advanced cancer and 59.2% had hypertension, 52.4% had diabetes mellitus, and 19.4% had dyslipidemia. During their last week of life, 38.8% received antidiabetic, 23.3% received antihypertensive, and 3.9% received lipid-lowering agents. The data showed that 68.5% of people with diabetes received antidiabetic medications, 37.7% of hypertensive patients received antihypertensive medications, and 20% of dyslipidemics received lipid-lowering agents. Hypoglycemia was reported in 7.5% of patients receiving antidiabetic drugs, while hypotension was reported in 66.7% of patients receiving antihypertensive agents. Conclusion Many elderly patients dying with advanced cancer in a palliative care unit were maintained on medications for chronic conditions until the very late stages of their lives. For such imminently dying patients, benefits of such medications are unlikely and burdens are possible. Further research is needed to explore physicians' justifications, if any, for maintaining such patients on apparently futile medications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mahmoud Yassein Sroor
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Kasr Alaini Center of Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Wael Ali Ghareeb
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Kasr Alaini Center of Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Enas Noshy Aboulela
- Kasr Alaini Center of Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Wael Edesa
- Kasr Alaini Center of Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Spexin Levels Are Associated with Metabolic Syndrome Components. DISEASE MARKERS 2018; 2018:1679690. [PMID: 30254709 PMCID: PMC6142736 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1679690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background Spexin (SPX) is a novel peptide that is implicated in obesity and related energy homeostasis in animals and adult humans. Little is known about its role in adults' overall cardiometabolic health. The aim of the study was to determine whether circulating levels of spexin (SPX) is associated with components of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Methods The present cross-sectional study included 124 participants (41 males and 83 females; aged 42.4 ± 10.3 y) (MetS group) and 136 (21 male and 115 females; aged 33.1 ± 8.7 y) (non-MetS group). SPX was measured using commercially available assays. Anthropometrics were measured, and fasting serum glucose levels as well as lipid profile were quantified routinely. MetS was screened according to common definitions. Results SPX levels were significantly lower in participants with MetS vs. non-MetS (0.18 ng/ml (0.13-0.24) vs. 0.26 ng/ml (0.17-0.50); p < 0.001). In all MetS definitions used, SPX was significantly lower in the MetS group than the non-MetS group using the WHO definition after adjustment for age and BMI. Stratification according to sex revealed that SPX was associated with MetS only in women, and this significance was lost after adjustment for age and BMI. Conclusions Lower circulating levels of SPX in adults are modestly associated with components of MetS and are sex-specific. Further studies are necessary to determine whether SPX is associated with harder outcomes such as atherosclerosis and diabetes in the general population.
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Al-Ajlan A, Al-Musharaf S, Fouda MA, Krishnaswamy S, Wani K, Aljohani NJ, Al-Serehi A, Sheshah E, Alshingetti NM, Turkistani IZ, Afrah Alharbi A, Alraqebah BA, Ali AM, Al-Saeed G, Al-Daghri NM. Lower vitamin D levels in Saudi pregnant women are associated with higher risk of developing GDM. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2018; 18:86. [PMID: 29631547 PMCID: PMC5891955 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-018-1723-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has serious consequences such as increased risks of preeclampsia, macrosomia and cesarean delivery. Even though the mechanistic basis of GDM has not been completely understood, several risk factors have been identified and one of these is vitamin D. However, the link between vitamin D deficiency and development of GDM is yet to be proven with certainty. METHODS This study aimed to investigate the link between the incidence of GDM and serum vitamin D level in pregnant women of Saudi Arabia. 515 Saudi women (ages 18-46) in their 24-28th week of pregnancy, visiting various hospitals of Riyadh, participated in this study. Serum vitamin D and various biochemical and anthropometric parameters were determined in the first trimester and the recruits were screened for GDM by OGTT according to IADPSG criteria in their 2nd trimester. The association between vitamin D deficiency and development of GDM was calculated based on odds ratio of the incidence of GDM among vitamin D deficient and normal women. RESULTS In this study cohort of 515 pregnant women, in the first trimester vitamin D deficiency (< 50 nmol/l) was detected in 425 (82.5%). On their 2nd visit (2nd trimester), 116 (27.7%) were diagnosed with GDM out of 419 with OGTT, according to IADPSG criteria. GDM risk was significantly higher among vitamin D deficient than non-deficient women (Odds Ratio: 2.87; Confidence Interval: 1.32-6.25; P = 0.008) even after adjusting for season, sun exposure and vitamin D intake (OR: 2.9; CI: 1.07-7.89). Of the various anthropometric and biochemical parameters, the GDM women differed significantly from non-GDM women with respect to serum levels of triglycerides (in mmol/l) (1.3 ± 0.6; 1.5 ± 0.6, p = 0.018) and fasting glucose (in mmol/l) [4.7 (4.3-5.2); 5.1 (4.6-5.6), p < 0.01]. Also, fasting glucose level in the 2nd trimester correlated inversely to serum vitamin D level determined during the 1st trimester (r = - 0.121; p = 0.014). CONCLUSIONS Results of our study reveal a significantly higher risk of development of GDM among pregnant women having deficient vitamin D status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulrahman Al-Ajlan
- Department of Clinical Lab Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sara Al-Musharaf
- Division of Metabolic and Vascular Health, University of Warwick, CV47AL, Coventry, UK
| | - Mona A Fouda
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology Division, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Soundararajan Krishnaswamy
- Prince Mutaib Chair for Biomarkers of Osteoporosis, Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box, 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kaiser Wani
- Prince Mutaib Chair for Biomarkers of Osteoporosis, Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box, 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naji J Aljohani
- Obesity, Endocrine and Metabolism Center, King Fahad Medical City, Faculty of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, 11525, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal Al-Serehi
- Maternal-Fetal Medicine Department, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, 59406, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman Sheshah
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department, King Salman Bin Abdulaziz Hospital, Riyadh, 11564, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naemah M Alshingetti
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology Division, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Iqbah Z Turkistani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | - A Afrah Alharbi
- Prince Mutaib Chair for Biomarkers of Osteoporosis, Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box, 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.,Obesity, Endocrine and Metabolism Center, King Fahad Medical City, Faculty of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, 11525, Saudi Arabia
| | - Buthaynah A Alraqebah
- Prince Mutaib Chair for Biomarkers of Osteoporosis, Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box, 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.,Obesity, Endocrine and Metabolism Center, King Fahad Medical City, Faculty of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, 11525, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aisha Mansoor Ali
- Diabetes Care Center, King Salman Bin Abdulaziz Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gawaher Al-Saeed
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasser M Al-Daghri
- Prince Mutaib Chair for Biomarkers of Osteoporosis, Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box, 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia. .,Obesity, Endocrine and Metabolism Center, King Fahad Medical City, Faculty of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, 11525, Saudi Arabia.
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Hammoudeh S, Ghuloum S, Mahfoud Z, Yehya A, Abdulhakam A, Al-Mujalli A, Al-Zirie M, Abdel Rahman MO, Godwin A, Younes N, Hani Y, Mook-Kanamori D, Mook-Kanamori M, El Sherbiny R, Al-Amin H. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in patients receiving antipsychotics in Qatar: a cross sectional comparative study. BMC Psychiatry 2018; 18:81. [PMID: 29587717 PMCID: PMC5870932 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-018-1662-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic abnormalities are common in patients maintained on antipsychotics. These abnormalities increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases and mortality in this population. The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in subjects maintained on antipsychotics relative to controls in Qatar, and to assess the factors contributing to the development of MetS. METHODS A cross sectional design was used to collect data and fasting blood samples from subjects maintained on antipsychotics for at least six months (n = 112) and from a control group (n = 114). The groups were compared in regard to prevalence of MetS, and multiple regression analysis was used to determine the risk factors in each group. RESULTS The two groups (antipsychotics vs. control) were similar in regard to age (35.73 ± 10.28 vs. 35.73 ± 8.16 years) and gender ratio. The MetS was higher among the subjects on antipsychotics, but this difference did not reach statistical significance. Blood pressure (BP) was significantly higher in the antipsychotics group and BMI was the major risk factor to develop MetS in this group. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of MetS in both groups is high and mostly attributed to obesity and high BP. Public health interventions are needed to address this major health problem overall. Larger studies are needed to further assess the impact of antipsychotics and mental illness on the development of MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samer Hammoudeh
- Department of Research, Weill Cornell Medicine - Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Suhaila Ghuloum
- Department of Psychiatry, Rumailah Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ziyad Mahfoud
- Department of Health Policy and Research, Weill Cornell Medicine - Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Arij Yehya
- Department of Research, Weill Cornell Medicine - Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | | | | | | | | | - Angela Godwin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Noura Younes
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Yahya Hani
- Department of Psychiatry, Rumailah Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Dennis Mook-Kanamori
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine - Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Reem El Sherbiny
- Department of Research, Weill Cornell Medicine - Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hassen Al-Amin
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine - Qatar, Education city, P.O. Box 24144, Doha, Qatar.
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Alfawaz HA, Wani K, Alnaami AM, Al-Saleh Y, Aljohani NJ, Al-Attas OS, Alokail MS, Kumar S, Al-Daghri NM. Effects of Different Dietary and Lifestyle Modification Therapies on Metabolic Syndrome in Prediabetic Arab Patients: A 12-Month Longitudinal Study. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10030383. [PMID: 29558423 PMCID: PMC5872801 DOI: 10.3390/nu10030383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This three-arm, randomized, controlled study aimed to determine the differences in the effects of general advice (GA) on lifestyle change, intensive lifestyle modification programme (ILMP) and GA + metformin (GA + Met) in reducing the prevalence of full metabolic syndrome (MetS) in subjects with prediabetes; 294 Saudis with prediabetes (fasting glucose 5.6–6.9 mmol/L) were initially randomized, 263 completed 6 months and 237 completed 12 months. They were allocated into three groups: GA group which received a standard lifestyle change education; ILMP which followed a rigorous lifestyle modification support on diet and physical activity; and a GA + Met group. Anthropometric and biochemical estimations were measured. Full MetS (primary endpoint) and its components (secondary endpoint) were screened at baseline, 6 and 12 months. Full MetS in the ILMP group decreased by 26% (p < 0.001); in GA + Met group by 22.4% (p = 0.01) and in GA group by 8.2% (p = 0.28). The number of MetS components decreased significantly in the ILMP and GA + Met groups (mean change 0.81, p < 0.001 and 0.35, p = 0.05, respectively). Between-group comparison revealed a clinically significant decrease in MetS components in favor of the ILMP group (−0.58 (−0.88–0.28), p < 0.001). This study highlights the clinical potency of ILMP versus other diabetes prevention options in reducing MetS in Saudi adults with elevated fasting glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan A Alfawaz
- Prince Mutaib Chair for Biomarkers of Osteoporosis, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food Science & Agriculture, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Kaiser Wani
- Prince Mutaib Chair for Biomarkers of Osteoporosis, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
- Biomarkers Research Program, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdullah M Alnaami
- Prince Mutaib Chair for Biomarkers of Osteoporosis, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
- Biomarkers Research Program, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Yousef Al-Saleh
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Naji J Aljohani
- Specialized Diabetes and Endocrine Center, King Fahad Medical City, Faculty of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 11525, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Omar S Al-Attas
- Prince Mutaib Chair for Biomarkers of Osteoporosis, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
- Biomarkers Research Program, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Majed S Alokail
- Prince Mutaib Chair for Biomarkers of Osteoporosis, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
- Biomarkers Research Program, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sudhesh Kumar
- Division of Metabolic and Vascular Health, Clinical Sciences Research Institute, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire Trust, Walsgrave, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK.
| | - Nasser M Al-Daghri
- Prince Mutaib Chair for Biomarkers of Osteoporosis, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
- Biomarkers Research Program, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
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23
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Ahmed MH, Noor SK, Bushara SO, Husain NE, Elmadhoun WM, Ginawi IA, Osman MM, Mahmoud AO, Almobarak AO. Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Africa and Middle East: An Attempt to Predict the Present and Future Implications on the Healthcare System. Gastroenterology Res 2017; 10:271-279. [PMID: 29118867 PMCID: PMC5667692 DOI: 10.14740/gr913w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) encompasses a group of hepatic diseases that range in severity. NAFLD is increasingly recognized as an epidemic among different populations, including those in Africa and the Middle East. The objective of this narrative review is to document the prevalence of and risk factors for NAFLD in Africa and the Middle East and the potential implications on the healthcare systems. An in-depth search on Google Scholar, Medline and PubMed was conducted using the terms "non-alcoholic fatty liver disease" and "non-alcoholic steatohepatitis", in addition to "prevalence and risk factors for NAFLD", with special emphasis on Africa and the Middle East countries. There were three types of epidemiological studies that included prevalence, risk factors and management/complications of NAFLD. There was noticeable variation in the prevalence of NAFLD among different countries, based on the variation in the prevalence of risk factors (type 2 diabetes, obesity, metabolic syndrome and dyslipidemia) and the diagnostic tool used in the study. However, the highest prevalence rate was reported in some Middle East countries. In Africa, there were few studies about NAFLD and most reported variable prevalence rates. There is an increasing prevalence of NAFLD as a result of the increasing risk factors, particularly in the Middle East, while in Africa, the situation is still unclear. Health providers in these regions are faced with many challenges that need urgent plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed H. Ahmed
- Department of Medicine and HIV Metabolic Clinic, Milton Keynes University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Eaglestone, Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire, UK
| | - Sufian K. Noor
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Nile Valley University, Atbara, Sudan
| | - Sarra O. Bushara
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Nile Valley University, Atbara, Sudan
| | - Nazik Elmalaika Husain
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Omdurman Islamic University, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Wadie M. Elmadhoun
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Nile Valley University, Atbara, Sudan
| | | | - Meissa M. Osman
- Department of Pediatric, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | | | - Ahmed O. Almobarak
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medical Sciences and Technology, Khartoum, Sudan
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24
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Al-Daghri NM, Al-Attas OS, Wani K, Sabico S, Alokail MS. Serum Uric Acid to Creatinine Ratio and Risk of Metabolic Syndrome in Saudi Type 2 Diabetic Patients. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12104. [PMID: 28935934 PMCID: PMC5608718 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12085-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate whether uric acid to creatinine (UA/Cr) ratio is associated with higher risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components. 332 adult Saudi type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients were divided into UA/Cr tertiles. Risk for full MetS was significantly highest in individuals that constitutes the uppermost serum UA/Cr tertile [Odds ratio (OR): 1.80, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.0–3.3; p < 0.001) after adjustment for age, gender and BMI. Similarly, risk for individual components of MetS like central obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, low HDL-cholesterol and hypertension was significantly highest in this tertile with OR’s of 2.61 (1.2–5.6), 1.42 (0.7–2.3), 1.45 (0.7–2.8) and 1.16 (0.6–2.2) respectively (all p-values < 0.001) after adjustment for age, gender, BMI and other components of MetS. Furthermore, serum UA/Cr levels increased with increasing number of MetS components (mean values of 4.44, 4.49, 4.64, 4.89 and 4.91 respectively for 1,2,3,4 and 5 MetS components, p-values < 0.001 after adjusting for age, gender and BMI). Our data suggest that serum UA/Cr in T2DM patients is strongly associated with full MetS as well as its individual components. These findings are of considerable clinical importance as serum UA/Cr may be used as a marker in the pathogenesis of MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasser M Al-Daghri
- Biomarkers Research Program, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia. .,Prince Mutaib Chair for Biomarkers of Osteoporosis, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Omar S Al-Attas
- Biomarkers Research Program, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.,Prince Mutaib Chair for Biomarkers of Osteoporosis, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kaiser Wani
- Biomarkers Research Program, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.,Prince Mutaib Chair for Biomarkers of Osteoporosis, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaun Sabico
- Biomarkers Research Program, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.,Prince Mutaib Chair for Biomarkers of Osteoporosis, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majed S Alokail
- Biomarkers Research Program, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.,Prince Mutaib Chair for Biomarkers of Osteoporosis, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
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25
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Khan RA, Souru C, Vaghese S, Yasir Z, Khandekar R. Vision Screening of Ophthalmic Nursing Staff in a Tertiary Eye Care Hospital: Outcomes and ocular healthcare-seeking behaviours. Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J 2017; 17:e74-e79. [PMID: 28417032 DOI: 10.18295/squmj.2016.17.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to evaluate ocular healthcare-seeking behaviours and vision screening outcomes of nursing staff at a tertiary eye care hospital. METHODS This study was conducted between April and September 2016 among all 500 nurses employed at the King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Data were collected on age, gender, use of visual aids, the presence of diabetes, a history of refractive surgery and date of last ocular health check-up. Participants were tested using a handheld Spot™ Vision Screener (Welch Allyn Inc., Skaneateles Falls, New York, USA). RESULTS A total of 150 nurses participated in the study (response rate: 30.0%). The mean age was 41.2 ± 8.9 years old. Distance spectacles, reading spectacles and both types of spectacles were used by 37 (24.7%), 32 (21.3%) and 10 (6.7%) nurses, respectively. A total of 58 nurses (38.7%) failed the vision screening test. Visual defects were detected for the first time in 13 nurses (8.7%). With regards to regular eye checkups, 77 participants (51.3%) reported acceptable ocular healthcare-seeking behaviours; this factor was significantly associated with age and the use of visual aids (P <0.01 each). CONCLUSION A high proportion of participants failed the vision screening tests and only half displayed good ocular healthcare-seeking behaviours. This is concerning as ophthalmic nurses are likely to face fewer barriers to eye care services than the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruhi A Khan
- Department of Employee Health, King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ches Souru
- Department of Research, King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sejo Vaghese
- Department of Research, King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ziaul Yasir
- Department of Research, King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rajiv Khandekar
- Department of Research, King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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26
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Roos V, Elmståhl S, Ingelsson E, Sundström J, Ärnlöv J, Lind L. Alterations in Multiple Lifestyle Factors in Subjects with the Metabolic Syndrome Independently of Obesity. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2017; 15:118-123. [PMID: 28339343 DOI: 10.1089/met.2016.0120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Vendela Roos
- 1 Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala University Hospital , Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sölve Elmståhl
- 2 Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Health Sciences, Lund University, Malmö University Hospital , Malmö, Sweden
| | - Erik Ingelsson
- 3 Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California
- 4 Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University , Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johan Sundström
- 1 Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala University Hospital , Uppsala, Sweden
- 5 Uppsala Clinical Research Center (UCR) , Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johan Ärnlöv
- 1 Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala University Hospital , Uppsala, Sweden
- 6 School of Health and Social Studies, Dalarna University , Falun, Sweden
| | - Lars Lind
- 1 Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala University Hospital , Uppsala, Sweden
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27
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Alosaimi FD, Abalhassan M, Alhaddad B, Alzain N, Fallata E, Alhabbad A, Alassiry MZ. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its components among patients with various psychiatric diagnoses and treatments: A cross-sectional study. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2017; 45:62-69. [PMID: 28274341 DOI: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2016.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the prevalence and clinical correlates of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components among patients with psychiatric disorders. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among adult patients with psychiatric disorders at major hospitals in Saudi Arabia. After measurements were recorded for all MetS components, demographic and clinical information was obtained mainly by reviewing the patients' medical charts. RESULTS The prevalence rate of MetS among the 992 study participants was 41.2%, high triglycerides was 32.8%, large waist circumference was 42.2%, high blood pressure was 42.5%, high fasting blood sugar was 47.8%, and low HDL cholesterol was 52.5%. Participants with MetS were more likely to be older, illiterate, divorced or widowed, have a higher number of children, older age of onset of psychiatric illness, longer duration of psychiatric disease, no previous psychiatric hospitalization, and have a history of diabetes and hypertension. After adjusting for significant demographic and clinical characteristics, none of the psychiatric diagnoses and treatments was independently associated with MetS, except the use of mirtazapine and venlafaxine. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of MetS and its components among patients with psychiatric disorders is alarming irrespective of their diagnoses. Thus, metabolic screening especially among high risk groups is critical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahad D Alosaimi
- Department of Psychiatry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohammed Abalhassan
- Department of Medicine, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia.
| | | | - Nasser Alzain
- Al-Amal Complex for Mental Health, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
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28
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Women in Saudi Arabia and the Prevalence of Cardiovascular Risk Factors: A Systematic Review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 2016:7479357. [PMID: 27777590 PMCID: PMC5061969 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7479357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the leading causes of death in Saudi Arabia. Saudi women in particular are more susceptible as there are sociocultural restrictions on female physical activities that may lead to high prevalence of CVD risks, especially obesity, and physical inactivity. This study aims to systematically review the published articles related to the prevalence of CVD risk among women in Saudi Arabia. The search strategy covers all published articles that assess the risk factor of CVD in Saudi Arabia from January 2000 to December 2015, using the following sources: Medline, Embase, and PsycINFO. A total of 61 studies were included. Results. Prevalence among Saudi women of smoking ranged from 1.1% to 9.1%, hypertension was 21.8%, diabetes ranged from 9.6% to 27.6%, overweight was 27%, and obesity was 40.23%, and physical inactivity ranged from 53.2% to 98.1%. Hypercholesterolemia prevalence on Saudi women on average was 24.5%, while metabolic syndrome ranged from 13.6% to 40.3%. Conclusion. The prevalence of CVD risk factors is high among women in Saudi Arabia especially in obesity and physical inactivity. Public health authorities must implement solutions from a gender specific aspect to reverse the trend and decrease the prevalence of CVDs among Saudi women.
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Alneami YM, Coleman CL. Risk Factors for and Barriers to Control Type-2 Diabetes among Saudi Population. Glob J Health Sci 2016; 8:54089. [PMID: 27157156 PMCID: PMC5064063 DOI: 10.5539/gjhs.v8n9p10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of Type-2 Diabetes is dramatically increasing in urban areas within Saudi Arabia. Hence, Type-2 Diabetes has now become the most common public health problem. Understanding the major risk factors for and barriers to control Type-2 Diabetes may lead to strategies to prevent, control, and reduce in the burden of disease cases. OBJECTIVE To describe risk factors for and barriers to control Type- 2 Diabetes in Saudi Arabia. METHODS The literature search was conducted on risk factors for and barriers to control Type- 2 Diabetes in Saudi Arabia using the databases PubMed, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar (2007-2015). The literature search yielded 80 articles, of which 70 articles were included in this review after excluding non-relevant articles. RESULTS The literature review revealed that obesity, physical inactivity, unhealthy diet, smoking, and aging are the major risk factors for Type-2 Diabetes in Saudi Arabia. Further, the review allocated a complex set of barriers including, lack of education, social support, and healthy environment. These barriers may hinder Saudis with Type-2 Diabetes from controlling their disease. CONCLUSION The prevalence of Type-2 Diabetes is high among the Saudi population and represents a major public health problem. Effective research programs are needed to address the modifiable risk factors for and barriers to control Type-2 Diabetes among Saudi population.
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