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Demidowich AP, Stanback C, Zilbermint M. Inpatient diabetes management. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2024. [PMID: 39052915 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.15190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is currently approaching epidemic proportions and disproportionately affects patients in the hospital setting. In the United States, individuals living with diabetes represent over 17 million emergency department visits and 8 million admissions annually. The management of these patients in the hospital setting is complex and differs considerably from the outpatient setting. All patients with hyperglycemia should be screened for diabetes, as in-hospital hyperglycemia portends a greater risk for morbidity, mortality, admission to an intensive care unit, and increased hospital length of stay. However, the definition of hyperglycemia, glycemic targets, and strategies to manage hyperglycemia in the inpatient setting can vary greatly depending on the population considered. Moreover, the presenting illness, changing nutritional status, and concurrent hospital medications often necessitate thoughtful consideration to adjustments of home diabetes regimens and/or the initiation of new insulin doses. This review article will examine core concepts and emerging new literature surrounding inpatient diabetes management, including glycemic targets, insulin dosing strategies, noninsulin medications, new diabetes technologies, inpatient diabetes management teams, and discharge planning strategies, to optimize patient safety and satisfaction, clinical outcomes, and even hospital financial health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P Demidowich
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Division of Hospital Medicine, Johns Hopkins Community Physicians, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Johns Hopkins Howard County Medical Center, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Columbia, Maryland, USA
| | - Camille Stanback
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Division of Hospital Medicine, Johns Hopkins Community Physicians, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Sibley Memorial Hospital, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Mihail Zilbermint
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Division of Hospital Medicine, Johns Hopkins Community Physicians, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Suburban Hospital, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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2
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Yasmin A, Sumi MJ, Akter K, Rabbi RHM, Almoallim HS, Ansari MJ, Hossain A, Imran S. Comparative analysis of nutrient composition and antioxidant activity in three dragon fruit cultivars. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17719. [PMID: 39006035 PMCID: PMC11246028 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Dragon fruit has significant economic value in many countries due to has excellent nutritional content, health advantages, and adaptability to different climates, making it an important crop in the global fruit industry. This study aimed to gather comprehensive nutritional data on three dragon fruit cultivars by analysing the levels of micronutrients, fibre, carbohydrates, antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals in their pulps. Uniform dragon fruit samples underwent thorough analysis for proximate composition, mineral content, pigments, antioxidants, and vitamin C, with statistical methods used to assess significant differences among the parameters studied. The proximate composition analysis revealed significant differences among the three dragon fruit cultivars. Among the proximate components, protein (0.40 ± 0.02 g/100 g), moisture (91.33 ± 0.88%), crude fibre (0.32 ± 0.07 g/100 g), and ash (1.27 ± 0.09 g/100 g) were more abundant in Hylocereus costaricensis than in Hylocereus undatus and Hylocereus megalanthus. On the other hand, Hylocereus undatus had higher carbohydrate (17.02 ± 0.63 g/100 g) and energy (69.74 ± 2.44 kcal/100 g) contents. K (7.23 ± 0.35 mg/100 g), Ca (1.61 ± 0.13 mg/100 g), Fe (1.84 ± 0.05 mg/100 g), and Zn (0.37 ± 0.034 mg/100 g) are highly abundant in H. costaricensis. Additionally, Hylocereus costaricensis had the highest anthocyanin content (120.15 ± 3.29 mg/g FW) and total carotenoid content (72.51 ± 1.62 mg/g FW), along with the highest vitamin C content (8.92 ± 0.13 mg/g FW) and total soluble phenolic content (572.48 ± 20.77 mg/100 g). Its remarkable antioxidant activity was further highlighted by the lowest SC50 value (13.50 ± 0.4 mg/mL) for its DPPH radical scavenging capacity. The total soluble sugar content was highest in Hylocereus megalanthus (8.72 ± 0.30 g/100 g FW). Hierarchical clustering analysis revealed distinct trait and genotype associations; among the studied cultivars, Hylocereus costaricensis demonstrated superior performance across multiple traits. Correlation analysis indicated significant positive correlations among several traits, while principal component analysis highlighted the contribution of each trait to overall variance, with PC1 explaining 73.95% of the total variance. This study highlights the nutritional variations among dragon fruit cultivars, with Hylocereus costaricensis showing superior performance, guiding dietary planning and functional food development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsana Yasmin
- Department of Horticulture, Khulna Agricultural University, Khulna, Bangladesh
| | - Mousumi Jahan Sumi
- Department of Crop Botany, Khulna Agricultural University, Khulna, Bangladesh
| | - Keya Akter
- Department of Crop Botany, Khulna Agricultural University, Khulna, Bangladesh
| | | | - Hesham S. Almoallim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Javed Ansari
- Department of Botany, Hindu College Moradabad, Mahatma Jyotiba Phule Rohilkhand University Bareilly, Moradabad, Bareilly, UP, India
| | - Akbar Hossain
- Soil Science Division, Bangladesh Wheat and Maize Research Institute, Dinajpur, Bangladesh
| | - Shahin Imran
- Department of Agronomy, Khulna Agricultural University, Khulna, Bangladesh
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Krasikova YS, Maltseva EA, Khodyreva SN, Evdokimov AN, Rechkunova NI, Lavrik OI. Does the XPA-FEN1 Interaction Concern to Nucleotide Excision Repair or Beyond? Biomolecules 2024; 14:814. [PMID: 39062528 PMCID: PMC11274875 DOI: 10.3390/biom14070814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Nucleotide excision repair (NER) is the most universal repair pathway, which removes a wide range of DNA helix-distorting lesions caused by chemical or physical agents. The final steps of this repair process are gap-filling repair synthesis and subsequent ligation. XPA is the central NER scaffolding protein factor and can be involved in post-incision NER stages. Replication machinery is loaded after the first incision of the damaged strand that is performed by the XPF-ERCC1 nuclease forming a damaged 5'-flap processed by the XPG endonuclease. Flap endonuclease I (FEN1) is a critical component of replication machinery and is absolutely indispensable for the maturation of newly synthesized strands. FEN1 also contributes to the long-patch pathway of base excision repair. Here, we use a set of DNA substrates containing a fluorescently labeled 5'-flap and different size gap to analyze possible repair factor-replication factor interactions. Ternary XPA-FEN1-DNA complexes with each tested DNA are detected. Furthermore, we demonstrate XPA-FEN1 complex formation in the absence of DNA due to protein-protein interaction. Functional assays reveal that XPA moderately inhibits FEN1 catalytic activity. Using fluorescently labeled XPA, formation of ternary RPA-XPA-FEN1 complex, where XPA accommodates FEN1 and RPA contacts simultaneously, can be proposed. We discuss possible functional roles of the XPA-FEN1 interaction in NER related DNA resynthesis and/or other DNA metabolic processes where XPA can be involved in the complex with FEN1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliya S. Krasikova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (Y.S.K.); (E.A.M.); (S.N.K.); (A.N.E.); (N.I.R.)
| | - Ekaterina A. Maltseva
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (Y.S.K.); (E.A.M.); (S.N.K.); (A.N.E.); (N.I.R.)
| | - Svetlana N. Khodyreva
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (Y.S.K.); (E.A.M.); (S.N.K.); (A.N.E.); (N.I.R.)
| | - Alexey N. Evdokimov
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (Y.S.K.); (E.A.M.); (S.N.K.); (A.N.E.); (N.I.R.)
| | - Nadejda I. Rechkunova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (Y.S.K.); (E.A.M.); (S.N.K.); (A.N.E.); (N.I.R.)
| | - Olga I. Lavrik
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (Y.S.K.); (E.A.M.); (S.N.K.); (A.N.E.); (N.I.R.)
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
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Kok M, Brodsky JL. The biogenesis of potassium transporters: implications of disease-associated mutations. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2024:1-45. [PMID: 38946646 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2024.2369986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
The concentration of intracellular and extracellular potassium is tightly regulated due to the action of various ion transporters, channels, and pumps, which reside primarily in the kidney. Yet, potassium transporters and cotransporters play vital roles in all organs and cell types. Perhaps not surprisingly, defects in the biogenesis, function, and/or regulation of these proteins are linked to range of catastrophic human diseases, but to date, few drugs have been approved to treat these maladies. In this review, we discuss the structure, function, and activity of a group of potassium-chloride cotransporters, the KCCs, as well as the related sodium-potassium-chloride cotransporters, the NKCCs. Diseases associated with each of the four KCCs and two NKCCs are also discussed. Particular emphasis is placed on how these complex membrane proteins fold and mature in the endoplasmic reticulum, how non-native forms of the cotransporters are destroyed in the cell, and which cellular factors oversee their maturation and transport to the cell surface. When known, we also outline how the levels and activities of each cotransporter are regulated. Open questions in the field and avenues for future investigations are further outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Kok
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Brodsky
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Almadani O, Alroba R, Alfakhri A, Almohareb S, Althunian T, Alrwisan AA. Real-World Evidence on Levetiracetam-Induced Hypokalemia: An Active Comparator Cohort Study. Drugs Real World Outcomes 2024; 11:331-339. [PMID: 38829496 PMCID: PMC11176145 DOI: 10.1007/s40801-024-00431-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Levetiracetam is an anti-seizure medication (ASM) with an established safety profile. However, a potential safety signal of hypokalemia following levetiracetam use was published in the World Health Organization newsletter. OBJECTIVE To investigate the possible causal association between the use of levetiracetam and the development of hypokalemia. METHOD This was a new-user, active-comparator retrospective cohort study using Real-world Evidence Research Network data at the Saudi Food and Drug Authority from 2016 to 2022. Adults (≥ 18 years old) with an incident prescription for either levetiracetam or carbamazepine were followed for up to 6 months from the prescription date. Hypokalemia was ascertained by using diagnostic code (i.e., E87.6) or by serum potassium level below 3.5 mmol/L. A Cox proportional hazards model, adjusted with stabilized inverse probability of treatment weight, was fitted to compare the hazard of hypokalemia between levetiracetam and carbamazepine exposed patients. RESULTS A total of 8,982 patients entered the study cohort. The incidence rate of hypokalemia was 303 cases per 10,000 patient-years in the levetiracetam-exposed cohort compared to 57 cases per 10,000 patient-years among carbamazepine users. Compared to carbamazepine users, patients exposed to levetiracetam had an adjusted hazard ratio related to induced hypokalemia of 1.99 (95% confidence interval, 0.88-4.49). Results of sensitivity analyses were comparable to the main analysis. CONCLUSION The hazard ratio for hypokalemia with the use of levetiracetam versus carbamazepine was statistically comparable. However, the potential association between levetiracetam use and hypokalemia cannot be ruled out given the elevated hazard ratios from the main and sensitivity analyses. Further studies may provide a more precise assessment of this association.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sumaya Almohareb
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Pharmaceutical Care Department, King Abdulaziz Medical City, National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Turki Althunian
- Saudi Food and Drug Authority, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Guo D, Shi C, Suo L, Ji X, Yue H, Yuan D, Luo J. "Click" amphotericin B in prodrug nanoformulations for enhanced systemic fungemia treatment. J Control Release 2024; 370:626-642. [PMID: 38734314 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Severe nephrotoxicity and infusion-related side effects pose significant obstacles to the clinical application of Amphotericin B (AmB) in life-threatening systemic fungal infections. In pursuit of a cost-effective and safe formulation, we have introduced multiple phenylboronic acid (PBA) moieties onto a linear dendritic telodendrimer (TD) scaffold, enabling effective AmB conjugation via boronate chemistry through a rapid, high yield, catalysis-free and dialysis-free "Click" drug loading process. Optimized AmB-TD prodrugs self-assemble into monodispersed micelles characterized by small particle sizes and neutral surface charges. AmB prodrugs sustain drug release in circulation, which is accelerated in response to the acidic pH and Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in the infection and inflammation. Prodrugs mitigate the AmB aggregation status, reduce cytotoxicity and hemolytic activity compared to Fungizone®, and demonstrate superior antifungal activity to AmBisome®. AmB-PEG5kBA4 has a comparable maximum tolerated dose (MTD) to AmBisome®, while over 20-fold increase than Fungizone®. A single dose of AmB-PEG5kBA4 demonstrates superior efficacy to Fungizone® and AmBisome® in treating systemic fungal infections in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Changying Shi
- Department of Pharmacology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Liye Suo
- Department of Pathology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Xiaotian Ji
- Department of Pharmacology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Hao Yue
- Department of Pharmacology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Dekai Yuan
- Department of Pharmacology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Juntao Luo
- Department of Pharmacology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA; Department of Surgery, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA; Upstate Cancer Center, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA; Sepsis Interdisciplinary Research Center (SIRC), State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA.
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Cai Q, Fu Y, Lyu C, Wang Z, Rao S, Alvarez JA, Bai Y, Kang J, Yu T. A new framework for exploratory network mediator analysis in omics data. Genome Res 2024; 34:642-654. [PMID: 38719472 PMCID: PMC11146592 DOI: 10.1101/gr.278684.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Omics methods are widely used in basic biology and translational medicine research. More and more omics data are collected to explain the impact of certain risk factors on clinical outcomes. To explain the mechanism of the risk factors, a core question is how to find the genes/proteins/metabolites that mediate their effects on the clinical outcome. Mediation analysis is a modeling framework to study the relationship between risk factors and pathological outcomes, via mediator variables. However, high-dimensional omics data are far more challenging than traditional data: (1) From tens of thousands of genes, can we overcome the curse of dimensionality to reliably select a set of mediators? (2) How do we ensure that the selected mediators are functionally consistent? (3) Many biological mechanisms contain nonlinear effects. How do we include nonlinear effects in the high-dimensional mediation analysis? (4) How do we consider multiple risk factors at the same time? To meet these challenges, we propose a new exploratory mediation analysis framework, medNet, which focuses on finding mediators through predictive modeling. We propose new definitions for predictive exposure, predictive mediator, and predictive network mediator, using a statistical hypothesis testing framework to identify predictive exposures and mediators. Additionally, two heuristic search algorithms are proposed to identify network mediators, essentially subnetworks in the genome-scale biological network that mediate the effects of single or multiple exposures. We applied medNet on a breast cancer data set and a metabolomics data set combined with food intake questionnaire data. It identified functionally consistent network mediators for the exposures' impact on the outcome, facilitating data interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingpo Cai
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Yinghao Fu
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Big Data, School of Data Science, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen (CUHK-Shenzhen), Guangdong 518172, P.R. China
- School of Medicine, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen (CUHK-Shenzhen), Guangdong 518172, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Lyu
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Zihe Wang
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Big Data, School of Data Science, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen (CUHK-Shenzhen), Guangdong 518172, P.R. China
| | - Shun Rao
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Big Data, School of Data Science, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen (CUHK-Shenzhen), Guangdong 518172, P.R. China
| | - Jessica A Alvarez
- Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Yun Bai
- School of Medicine, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen (CUHK-Shenzhen), Guangdong 518172, P.R. China
| | - Jian Kang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Tianwei Yu
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Big Data, School of Data Science, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen (CUHK-Shenzhen), Guangdong 518172, P.R. China;
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Schilling K, Chen H, Glabonjat RA, Debernardi S, Blyuss O, Navas-Acien A, Halliday AN, Crnogorac-Jurcevic T. Analysis of urinary potassium isotopes and association with pancreatic health: healthy, diabetic and cancerous states. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1332895. [PMID: 38694937 PMCID: PMC11062322 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1332895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background More than 700 million people worldwide suffer from diseases of the pancreas, such as diabetes, pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer. Often dysregulation of potassium (K+) channels, co-transporters and pumps can promote development and progression of many types of these diseases. The role of K+ transport system in pancreatic cell homeostasis and disease development remains largely unexplored. Potassium isotope analysis (δ41K), however, might have the potential to detect minute changes in metabolic processes relevant for pancreatic diseases. Methods We assessed urinary K isotope composition in a case-control study by measuring K concentrations and δ41K in spot urines collected from patients diagnosed with pancreatic cancer (n=18), other pancreas-related diseases (n=14) and compared those data to healthy controls (n=16). Results Our results show that urinary K+ levels for patients with diseased pancreas (benign and pancreatic cancer) are significantly lower than the healthy controls. For δ41K, the values tend to be higher for individuals with pancreatic cancer (mean δ41K = -0.58 ± 0.33‰) than for healthy individuals (mean δ41K = -0.78 ± 0.19‰) but the difference is not significant (p=0.08). For diabetics, urinary K+ levels are significantly lower (p=0.03) and δ41K is significantly higher (p=0.009) than for the healthy controls. These results suggest that urinary K+ levels and K isotopes can help identify K disturbances related to diabetes, an associated factors of all-cause mortality for diabetics. Conclusion Although the K isotope results should be considered exploratory and hypothesis-generating and future studies should focus on larger sample size and δ41K analysis of other K-disrupting diseases (e.g., chronic kidney disease), our data hold great promise for K isotopes as disease marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Schilling
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, United States
- Lamont‐Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, NY, United States
| | - Heng Chen
- Lamont‐Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, NY, United States
| | - Ronald A. Glabonjat
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, United States
| | - Silvana Debernardi
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers and Biotherapeutics, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Oleg Blyuss
- Wolfson’s Institute for Cancer Prevention, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ana Navas-Acien
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, United States
| | - Alex N. Halliday
- Lamont‐Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, NY, United States
| | - Tatjana Crnogorac-Jurcevic
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers and Biotherapeutics, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
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Caporale AG, Paradiso R, Palladino M, Arouna N, Izzo L, Ritieni A, De Pascale S, Adamo P. Assessment of Fertility Dynamics and Nutritional Quality of Potato Tubers in a Compost-Amended Mars Regolith Simulant. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:747. [PMID: 38475593 DOI: 10.3390/plants13050747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Mars exploration will foresee the design of bioregenerative life support systems (BLSSs), in which the use/recycle of in situ resources might allow the production of food crops. However, cultivation on the poorly-fertile Mars regolith will be very challenging. To pursue this goal, we grew potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) plants on the MMS-1 Mojave Mars regolith simulant, pure (R100) and mixed with green compost at 30% (R70C30), in a pot in a cold glasshouse with fertigation. For comparison purposes, we also grew plants on a fluvial sand, pure (S100) and amended with 30% of compost (S70C30), a volcanic soil (VS) and a red soil (RS). We studied the fertility dynamics in the substrates over time and the tuber nutritional quality. We investigated nutrient bioavailability and fertility indicators in the substrates and the quality of potato tubers. Plants completed the life cycle on R100 and produced scarce but nutritious tubers, despite many critical simulant properties. The compost supply enhanced the MMS-1 chemical/physical fertility and determined a higher tuber yield of better nutritional quality. This study demonstrated that a compost-amended Mars simulant could be a proper substrate to produce food crops in BLSSs, enabling it to provide similar ecosystem services of the studied terrestrial soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Giandonato Caporale
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Piazza Carlo di Borbone 1, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Roberta Paradiso
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Piazza Carlo di Borbone 1, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Mario Palladino
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Piazza Carlo di Borbone 1, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Nafiou Arouna
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Piazza Carlo di Borbone 1, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Luana Izzo
- Department of Farmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Alberto Ritieni
- Department of Farmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania De Pascale
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Piazza Carlo di Borbone 1, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Paola Adamo
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Piazza Carlo di Borbone 1, 80055 Portici, Italy
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Hui X, Asaduzzaman M, Zahed MA, Sharma S, Jeong S, Song H, Faruk O, Park JY. Multifunctional Siloxene-Decorated Laser-Inscribed Graphene Patch for Sweat Ion Analysis and Electrocardiogram Monitoring. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:9725-9735. [PMID: 38378454 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c16676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Potentiometric detection in complex biological fluids enables continuous electrolyte monitoring for personal healthcare; however, the commercialization of ion-selective electrode-based devices has been limited by the rapid loss of potential stability caused by electrode surface inactivation and biofouling. Here, we describe a simple multifunctional hybrid patch incorporating an Au nanoparticle/siloxene-based solid contact (SC) supported by a substrate made of laser-inscribed graphene on poly(dimethylsiloxane) for the noninvasive detection of sweat Na+ and K+. These SC nanocomposites prevent the formation of a water layer during ion-to-electron transfer, preserving 3 and 5 μV/h potential drift for the Na+ and K+ ion-selective electrodes, respectively, after 13 h of exposure. The lamellar structure of the siloxene sheets increases the SC area. In addition, the electroplated Au nanoparticles, which have a large surface area and excellent conductivity, further increased the electric double-layer capacitance at the interface between the ion-selective membranes and solid-state contacts, thus facilitating ion-to-electron transduction and ultimately improving the detection stability of Na+ and K+. Furthermore, the integrated temperature and electrocardiogram sensors in the flexible patch assist in monitoring body temperature and electrocardiogram signals, respectively. Featuring both electrochemical ion-selective and physical sensors, this patch offers immense potential for the self-monitoring of health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Hui
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 447-1 Wolgye-dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
- Human IoT Focused Research Center, Kwangwoon University, 447-1 Wolgye-dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Asaduzzaman
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 447-1 Wolgye-dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
- Human IoT Focused Research Center, Kwangwoon University, 447-1 Wolgye-dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - M Abu Zahed
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 447-1 Wolgye-dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
- Human IoT Focused Research Center, Kwangwoon University, 447-1 Wolgye-dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Sudeep Sharma
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 447-1 Wolgye-dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
- Human IoT Focused Research Center, Kwangwoon University, 447-1 Wolgye-dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - SeongHoon Jeong
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 447-1 Wolgye-dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
- Human IoT Focused Research Center, Kwangwoon University, 447-1 Wolgye-dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyesu Song
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 447-1 Wolgye-dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
- Human IoT Focused Research Center, Kwangwoon University, 447-1 Wolgye-dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Omar Faruk
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 447-1 Wolgye-dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
- Human IoT Focused Research Center, Kwangwoon University, 447-1 Wolgye-dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Yeong Park
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 447-1 Wolgye-dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
- Human IoT Focused Research Center, Kwangwoon University, 447-1 Wolgye-dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
- SnE Solution Co., Ltd, 447-1 Wolgye-dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
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11
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Gardon T, Le Luyer J, Le Moullac G, Soyez C, Lagarde F, Dehaut A, Paul-Pont I, Huvet A. Pearl Farming Micro-Nanoplastics Affect Oyster Physiology and Pearl Quality. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:207-218. [PMID: 38116932 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c06684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Pearl farming is crucial for the economy of French Polynesia. However, rearing structures contribute significantly to plastic waste, and the widespread contamination of pearl farming lagoons by microplastics has raised concerns about risks to the pearl industry. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of micro-nanoplastics (MNPs, 0.4-200 μm) on the pearl oyster (Pinctada margaritifera) over a 5-month pearl production cycle by closely mimicking ecological scenarios. MNPs were produced from weathered plastic pearl farming gear and tested at environmentally relevant concentrations (0.025 and 1 μg L-1) to decipher biological and functional responses through integrative approaches. The significant findings highlighted the impacts of MNPs on oyster physiology and pearl quality, even at remarkably low concentrations. Exposure to MNPs induced changes in energy metabolism, predominantly driven by reduced assimilation efficiency of microalgae, leading to an alteration in gene expression patterns. A distinct gene expression module exhibited a strong correlation with physiological parameters affected by MNP conditions, identifying key genes as potential environmental indicators of nutritional-MNP stress in cultured oysters. The alteration in pearl biomineralization, evidenced by thinner aragonite crystals and the presence of abnormal biomineral concretions, known as keshi pearls, raises concerns about the potential long-term impact on the Polynesian pearl industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Gardon
- Ifremer, ILM, IRD, University of French Polynesia, EIO, F-98719 Taravao, Tahiti, French Polynesia, France
| | - Jérémy Le Luyer
- Ifremer, ILM, IRD, University of French Polynesia, EIO, F-98719 Taravao, Tahiti, French Polynesia, France
| | - Gilles Le Moullac
- Ifremer, ILM, IRD, University of French Polynesia, EIO, F-98719 Taravao, Tahiti, French Polynesia, France
| | - Claude Soyez
- Ifremer, ILM, IRD, University of French Polynesia, EIO, F-98719 Taravao, Tahiti, French Polynesia, France
| | - Fabienne Lagarde
- Institute of Molecules and Materials of Le Mans, IMMM-UMR CNRS 6283, University of Le Mans, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans, France
| | - Alexandre Dehaut
- ANSES-LSA, Boulevard du Bassin Napoléon, 62200 Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
| | - Ika Paul-Pont
- University of Brest, Ifremer, CNRS, IRD, LEMAR, F-29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Arnaud Huvet
- University of Brest, Ifremer, CNRS, IRD, LEMAR, F-29280 Plouzané, France
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12
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Arteaga S, Dolenz BJ, Znosko BM. Competitive Influence of Alkali Metals in the Ion Atmosphere on Nucleic Acid Duplex Stability. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:1287-1297. [PMID: 38222622 PMCID: PMC10785066 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
The nonspecific atmosphere around nucleic acids, often termed the ion atmosphere, encompasses a collection of weak ion-nucleic acid interactions. Although nonspecific, the ion atmosphere has been shown to influence nucleic acid folding and structural stability. Studies investigating the composition of the ion atmosphere have shown competitive occupancy of the atmosphere between metal ions in the same solution. Many studies have investigated single ion effects on nucleic acid secondary structure stability; however, no comprehensive studies have investigated how the competitive occupancy of mixed ions in the ion atmosphere influences nucleic acid secondary structure stability. Here, six oligonucleotides were optically melted in buffers containing molar quantities, or mixtures, of either XCl (X = Li, K, Rb, or Cs) or NaCl. A correction factor was developed to better predict RNA duplex stability in solutions containing mixed XCl/NaCl. For solutions containing a 1:1 mixture of XCl/NaCl, one alkali metal chloride contributed more to duplex stability than the other. Overall, there was a 54% improvement in predictive capabilities with the correction factor compared with the standard 1.0 M NaCl nearest-neighbor models. This correction factor can be used in models to better predict RNA secondary structure in solutions containing mixed XCl/NaCl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian
J. Arteaga
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, Saint
Louis, Missouri 63103, United States
| | - Bruce J. Dolenz
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, Saint
Louis, Missouri 63103, United States
| | - Brent M. Znosko
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, Saint
Louis, Missouri 63103, United States
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13
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Lyon M, Fullerton JL, Kennedy S, Work LM. Hypertension & dementia: Pathophysiology & potential utility of antihypertensives in reducing disease burden. Pharmacol Ther 2024; 253:108575. [PMID: 38052309 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Dementia is a common cause of disability and dependency among the elderly due to its progressive neurodegenerative nature. As there is currently no curative therapy, it is of major importance to identify new ways to reduce its prevalence. Hypertension is recognised as a modifiable risk factor for dementia, particularly for the two most common subtypes; vascular dementia (VaD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). From the current literature, identified through a comprehensive literature search of PubMed and Cochrane Library, this review aims to establish the stage in adulthood when hypertension becomes a risk for cognitive decline and dementia, and whether antihypertensive treatment is effective as a preventative therapy. Observational studies generally found hypertension in mid-life (age 45-64) to be correlated with an increased risk of cognitive decline and dementia incidence, including both VaD and AD. Hypertension manifesting in late life (age ≥ 65) was demonstrated to be less of a risk, to the extent that incidences of high blood pressure (BP) in the very elderly (age ≥ 75) may even be related to reduced incidence of dementias. Despite the evidence linking hypertension to dementia, there were conflicting findings as to whether the use of antihypertensives was beneficial for its prevention and this conflicting evidence and inconsistent results could be due to the methodological differences between the reviewed observational and randomised controlled trials. Furthermore, dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers and potassium-sparing diuretics were proposed to have neuroprotective properties in addition to BP lowering. Overall, if antihypertensives are confirmed to be beneficial by larger-scale homogenous trials with longer follow-up durations, treatment of hypertension, particularly in mid-life, could be an effective strategy to considerably lower the prevalence of dementia. Furthermore, greater clarification of the neuroprotective properties that some antihypertensives possess will allow for better clinical practice guidance on the choice of antihypertensive class for both BP lowering and dementia prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Lyon
- School of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Health, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Josie L Fullerton
- School of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Health, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Simon Kennedy
- School of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Health, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Lorraine M Work
- School of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Health, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK.
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14
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Bhargava J, Viswanathan S. Incidence, Risk Factors and Prognosis of Hypokalaemia in Patients with Normokalaemia at Hospital Admission. Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2023; 27:537-543. [PMID: 38371186 PMCID: PMC10871015 DOI: 10.4103/ijem.ijem_159_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Hypokalaemia (K+<3.5 mmol/L) is observed in 20% of hospitalised patients. Previous studies have often dealt with the symptoms, prevalence and risk factors in hospitalised patients. Very few studies have dealt with hospital-induced hypokalaemia. The aim was to determine the incidence, predisposing risk factors and prognosis of patients developing hypokalaemia after admission. Materials and Methods A prospective observational study was performed for two months. Patients with at least two potassium values after admission and normal K values at admission were considered for inclusion. Clinical features, diagnoses, laboratory reports and treatment details, including antibiotics, were noted. Results A total of 653 patients were studied; 138 (21.1%) developed hypokalaemia. Diabetes, ischaemic heart disease (IHD), heart failure, chronic kidney disease, hypertension, chronic liver disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) were the most associated comorbidities. Urea, creatinine, transaminases and neutrophilia at admission differed significantly between those with and without hypokalaemia groups. Most patients developed mild hypokalaemia (78.2%). Hypokalaemia developed mostly on the second (22.4%) and third (24.6%) days of hospitalisation. Antibiotics were used in 60% of patients. The potassium values returned to normal within 2.5 ± 1.9 days. Three patients subsequently developed hyperkalaemia. Conclusion Patients admitted under general medicine mostly developed mild hypokalaemia, even if they had multiple risk factors for developing hypokalaemia. Inpatient hypokalaemia had an incidence of 21%. An overwhelming majority (~88%) had at least one risk factor. Hypokalaemia was not attributed to causing mortality in any patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakka Bhargava
- Department of General Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Dhanvantari Nagar, Pondicherry, India
| | - Stalin Viswanathan
- Department of General Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Dhanvantari Nagar, Pondicherry, India
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15
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Piner A, Spangler R. Disorders of Potassium. Emerg Med Clin North Am 2023; 41:711-728. [PMID: 37758419 DOI: 10.1016/j.emc.2023.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Abnormalities in serum potassium are commonly encountered in patients presenting to the emergency department. A variety of acute and chronic causes can lead to life-threatening illness in both hyperkalemia and hypokalemia. Here we summarize the relevant causes, risks, and treatment options for these frequently encountered disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Piner
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Maryland Medical Center, 110 South Paca Street, 6th floor, Suite 200, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Ryan Spangler
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Maryland Medical Center, 110 South Paca Street, 6th floor, Suite 200, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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16
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Logan Ellis H, Llewellyn D, Mendis J, Whyte M. Admission plasma potassium and length of hospital stay: a meta-analysis. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e068387. [PMID: 37620271 PMCID: PMC10450050 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-068387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hypokalaemia and hyperkalaemia ('dyskalaemia') are commonly seen in patients requiring emergency hospital admission. The adverse effect of dyskalaemia on mortality is well described but there are few data for the effect on hospital length of stay. We sought to determine the association of serum potassium concentration with in-hospital length of stay. DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES A structured search of MEDLINE, PubMed and SCOPUS databases to 19 March 2021. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Observational cohort studies defining exposure of interest as serum potassium levels (at admission or within the first 72 hours) and with outcome of interest as length of hospital stay. Studies had to provide estimates of length of stay as a comparison between normokalaemia and defined ranges of hyperkalaemia or hypokalaemia. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS We identified 39 articles published to March 2021 that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Study selection, data extraction and quality assessment were carried out by two reviewers working independently and in duplicate, to assessed eligibility and risk of bias, and extract data from eligible studies. Random effects models were used to pool estimates across the included studies. Meta-analyses were performed using Cochrane-RevMan. RESULTS Five studies were included in the meta-analysis. Compared with the reference group (3.5-5.0 mmol/L), the pooled raw differences of medians were 4.45 (95% CI 2.71 to 6.91), 1.99 (95% CI 0.03 to 3.94), 0.98 (95% CI 0.91 to 1.05), 1.51 (95% CI 1.03 to 2.0), 1 (95% CI 0.75 to 1.25) and 2.76 (95% CI 1.24 to 4.29) for patients with potassium levels of <2.5, 2.5 to <3.0, 3.0 to <3.5, <5 to 5.5, <5.5 to 6 and >6.0 mmol/L, respectively. CONCLUSION Hospital length of stay follows a U-shaped distribution, with duration of admission being twofold greater at the extremes of the potassium range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugh Logan Ellis
- Department of Medicine, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - David Llewellyn
- Department of Medicine, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Jeewaka Mendis
- Clinical & Experimental Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Martin Whyte
- Department of Medicine, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Clinical & Experimental Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
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17
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Łanocha-Arendarczyk N, Kot K, Baranowska-Bosiacka I, Kupnicka P, Przydalska D, Łanocha A, Chlubek D, Wojciechowska-Koszko I, Kosik-Bogacka DI. Macroelement and Microelement Levels in the Urine in Experimental Acanthamoebiasis. Pathogens 2023; 12:1039. [PMID: 37623999 PMCID: PMC10458488 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12081039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Free-living amoebas can impact the excretion of macroelements and microelements in urine. The aim of the present study was to examine the concentrations of macroelements, including calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), sodium (Na), potassium (K), and magnesium (Mg), as well as microelements such as manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), and chromium (Cr), in the urine during acanthamoebiasis while considering the host's immunological status. This is the first study to show an increase in urinary excretion of Ca, Mn, Cu, Fe, Na, and Cr, along with a decreased excretion of K, in immunocompetent mice 16 days post Acanthamoeba sp. infection. In the final phase of infection (24 dpi), there was a further decrease in urinary K excretion and a lower level of P in Acanthamoeba sp. infected immunocompetent hosts. During acanthamoebiasis in immunosuppressed hosts, increased excretion of Zn, Fe, and Cr was observed at the beginning of the infection, and increased Na excretion only at 16 days post Acanthamoeba sp. infection. Additionally, host immunosuppression affected the concentration of Fe, Cr, Zn, Cu, Mn, and Ca in urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Łanocha-Arendarczyk
- Department of Biology and Medical Parasitology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland; (N.Ł.-A.); (K.K.); (D.P.)
| | - Karolina Kot
- Department of Biology and Medical Parasitology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland; (N.Ł.-A.); (K.K.); (D.P.)
| | - Irena Baranowska-Bosiacka
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland; (I.B.-B.); (P.K.); (D.C.)
| | - Patrycja Kupnicka
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland; (I.B.-B.); (P.K.); (D.C.)
| | - Dagmara Przydalska
- Department of Biology and Medical Parasitology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland; (N.Ł.-A.); (K.K.); (D.P.)
| | - Aleksandra Łanocha
- Department of Haematology and Transplantology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Dariusz Chlubek
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland; (I.B.-B.); (P.K.); (D.C.)
| | - Iwona Wojciechowska-Koszko
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Danuta Izabela Kosik-Bogacka
- Independent Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Botany, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland
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18
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Sarkar S, Bisoi A, Singh PC. Antimalarial Drugs Induce the Selective Folding of Human Telomeric G-Quadruplex in a Cancer-Mimicking Microenvironment. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:6648-6655. [PMID: 37467470 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c03042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Regulating the equilibrium between the duplex form of DNA and G-quadruplex (Gq) and stabilizing the folded Gq are the critical factors for any drug to be effective in cancer therapy due to the direct involvement of Gq in controlling the transcription process. Antimalarial drugs are in the trial stage for different types of cancer diseases; however, the plausible mechanism of action of these drug molecules is not well known. Hence, we investigate the plausible role of antimalarial drugs in the folding and stabilization of Gq-forming DNA sequences from the telomere and promoter gene regions by varying the salt (KCl) concentrations, mimicking the in vitro cancerous and normal cell microenvironments. The study reveals that antimalarial drugs fold and stabilize specifically to telomere Gq-forming sequences in the cancerous microenvironment than the DNA sequences located in the promoter region of the gene. Antimalarial drugs are not only able to fold Gq but also efficiently protect them from unfolding by their complementary strands, hence significantly biasing the equilibrium toward the Gq formation from the duplex. In contrast, in a normal cell microenvironment, K+ controls the folding of telomeres, and the role of antimalarial drugs is not prominent. This study suggests that the action of antimalarial drugs is sensitive to the cancer microenvironment as well as selective to the Gq-forming region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunipa Sarkar
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Asim Bisoi
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Prashant Chandra Singh
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
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19
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Fan X, Lee KM, Jones MWM, Howard D, Sun AR, Crawford R, Prasadam I. Spatial distribution of elements during osteoarthritis disease progression using synchrotron X-ray fluorescence microscopy. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10200. [PMID: 37353503 PMCID: PMC10290122 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36911-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The osteochondral interface is a thin layer that connects hyaline cartilage to subchondral bone. Subcellular elemental distribution can be visualised using synchrotron X-ray fluorescence microscopy (SR-XFM) (1 μm). This study aims to determine the relationship between elemental distribution and osteoarthritis (OA) progression based on disease severity. Using modified Mankin scores, we collected tibia plates from 9 knee OA patients who underwent knee replacement surgery and graded them as intact cartilage (non-OA) or degraded cartilage (OA). We used a tape-assisted system with a silicon nitride sandwich structure to collect fresh-frozen osteochondral sections, and changes in the osteochondral unit were defined using quantified SR-XFM elemental mapping at the Australian synchrotron's XFM beamline. Non-OA osteochondral samples were found to have significantly different zinc (Zn) and calcium (Ca) compositions than OA samples. The tidemark separating noncalcified and calcified cartilage was rich in zinc. Zn levels in OA samples were lower than in non-OA samples (P = 0.0072). In OA samples, the tidemark had less Ca than the calcified cartilage zone and subchondral bone plate (P < 0.0001). The Zn-strontium (Sr) colocalisation index was higher in OA samples than in non-OA samples. The lead, potassium, phosphate, sulphur, and chloride distributions were not significantly different (P > 0.05). In conclusion, SR-XFM analysis revealed spatial elemental distribution at the subcellular level during OA development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiwei Fan
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Ave/Cnr. Blamey St, Kelvin Grove, QLD, 4059, Australia
| | - Kah Meng Lee
- Central Analytical Research Facility, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, 4059, Australia
| | - Michael W M Jones
- Central Analytical Research Facility, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, 4059, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, 4000, Australia
| | - Daryl Howard
- Australian Synchrotron, Melbourne, 3168, Australia
| | - Antonia Rujia Sun
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Ave/Cnr. Blamey St, Kelvin Grove, QLD, 4059, Australia
| | - Ross Crawford
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Ave/Cnr. Blamey St, Kelvin Grove, QLD, 4059, Australia
- The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, 4032, Australia
| | - Indira Prasadam
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Ave/Cnr. Blamey St, Kelvin Grove, QLD, 4059, Australia.
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20
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Ma J, Wang J, Ma C, Cai Q, Wu S, Hu W, Yang J, Xue J, Chen J, Liu X. Wnt5a/Ca 2+ signaling regulates silica-induced ferroptosis in mouse macrophages by altering ER stress-mediated redox balance. Toxicology 2023; 490:153514. [PMID: 37075931 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2023.153514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
Silicosis is a chronic pulmonary disease characterized by diffuse fibrosis of lung caused by the deposition of silica dust (SiO2). The inhaled silica-induced oxidative stress, ROS production and macrophage ferroptosis are key drivers of the pathological process of silicosis. However, mechanisms that involved in the silica-induced macrophage ferroptosis and its contributions to pathogenesis of silicosis remain elusive. In the present study, we showed that silica induced murine macrophage ferroptosis, accompanied by elevation of inflammatory responses, Wnt5a/Ca2+ signaling activation, and concurrent increase of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and mitochondrial redox imbalance in vitro and vivo. Mechanistic study further demonstrated that Wnt5a/Ca2+ signaling played a key role in silica-induced macrophage ferroptosis by modulating ER stress and mitochondrial redox balance. The presence of Wnt5a/Ca2+ signaling ligand Wnt5a protein increased the silica-induced macrophage ferroptosis by activating ER-mediated immunoglobulin heavy chain binding protein (Bip)-C/EBP homology protein (Chop) signaling cascade, reducing the expression of negative regulators of ferroptosis, glutathione peroxidase 4 (Gpx4) and solute carrier family 7 member 11 (Slc7a11), subsequentially increasing lipid peroxidation. The pharmacologic inhibition of Wnt5a signaling or block of calcium flow exhibited an opposite effect to Wnt5a, resulted in the reduction of ferroptosis and the expression of Bip-Chop signaling molecules. These findings were further corroborated by the addition of ferroptosis activator Erastin or inhibitor ferrostatin-1. These results provide a mechanism by which silica activates Wnt5a/Ca2+ signaling and ER stress, sequentially leads to redox imbalance and ferroptosis in mouse macrophage cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Ma
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Western, College of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United State.
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- Institute of Human Stem Cells, Institute of Medical Sciences, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China.
| | - Chenjie Ma
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Western, College of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China.
| | - Qian Cai
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Western, College of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China.
| | - Shuang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Western, College of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United State.
| | - Wenfeng Hu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Western, College of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China.
| | - Jiali Yang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Western, College of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China.
| | - Jing Xue
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Western, College of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China; Institute of Human Stem Cells, Institute of Medical Sciences, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China.
| | - Juan Chen
- Institute of Human Stem Cells, Institute of Medical Sciences, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China.
| | - Xiaoming Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Western, College of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United State.
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21
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Electrolyte Imbalance Among Patients With and With No ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: A Cohort Study. Crit Care Nurs Q 2023; 46:136-144. [PMID: 36823740 DOI: 10.1097/cnq.0000000000000446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Electrolytes imbalances are highly prevalent and have shown a high impact on mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction. These electrolytes imbalance have prognostic value in predicting mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction. The purpose of this study was to assess the prognostic value of electrolyte imbalances in predicting 1-month mortality among patients with myocardial infarction with and with no ST-elevation. This cohort study was conducted in a referral hospital in the West Bank, Palestine. All patients with confirmed medical diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction and admitted to the medical coronary care unit in the hospital were eligible participants. A convenience sample of 186 participants was obtained. These participants were followed up for 1 month to assess their survival (alive or dead). Demographic and clinical data were recorded by reviewing their health records. The derived data were analyzed using SPSS version 19. About 36% of all patients were found to be hyponatremic, 15% of them have hypokalemia, and 9% of patients had hypocalcemia. There was a significant difference between STEMI and non-STEMI in sodium (t = 4.7, P < .001). A multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to predict 1-month mortality for patients with myocardial infarction with and with no ST-elevation. The predictors that were found to be significant are sodium (odds ratio [OR] = 0.789, P = .010), calcium (OR = 0.221, P = .014), diastolic blood pressure (OR = 0.933, P = .047), and blood urea nitrogen (OR = 0.821, P = .005). Electrolyte imbalance was highly prevalent among patients with acute myocardial infarction. Hyponatremia and hypocalcemia were present and associated significantly with predicting 1-month mortality. Health care providers should take into consideration the electrolytes of patients with acute myocardial infarction from the first moment of admission and correct them early to maximize the clinical outcomes and survival for patients.
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22
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Corrêa PG, Moura LGS, Amaral ACF, Almeida MMHD, Souza FDCDA, Aguiar JPL, Aleluia RL, Silva JRDA. Evaluation of the Amazonian fruit Ambelania acida: Chemical and nutritional studies. J Food Sci 2023; 88:757-771. [PMID: 36633002 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Ambelania acida is native to the Amazon region, with few published studies of its fruits. We examined the proximate composition of its fruits, including minerals, fatty acids, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), as well as its antioxidant capacity. The protein contents (2.61%) of the pulp and seeds (13.6%) were higher than observed in other taxa of the family or in other tropical fruits. Peel and pulp showed high contents of potassium, calcium, and magnesium, and the potassium content in the pulp was 1125 mg/100 g. The peel had higher contents of total phenolics, tannins, and ortho-diphenols than the pulp, as well as better antioxidant activity as evidenced by 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP), and Fe2+ chelating activity assays. GC-MS analyses identified 42 VOCs in the peel and pulp, with more than 90% being classified as terpenes. Eleven types of fatty acids were identified in the lipid fractions of the peel, pulp, and seeds. Linoleic acid, an essential fatty acid for humans, was the principal fatty acid in the edible portion of the fruit, therefore, evidencing its nutritionally significant profile for the fruits when considering the relationship among polyunsaturated, saturated, and monounsaturated fatty acids. The information gathered here indicates that this native fruit is a healthy food source and its cultivation and consumption should be stimulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pollyane Gomes Corrêa
- Chromatography Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Claudia Fernandes Amaral
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plants and Derivatives, Department of Chemistry of Natural Products, Farmanguinhos, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maíra Martins H de Almeida
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plants and Derivatives, Department of Chemistry of Natural Products, Farmanguinhos, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Francisca das Chagas do Amaral Souza
- Brazilian National Institute for Research in the Amazon, Coordination Society of Environment and Health (COSAS) and Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Food (LFQA), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Jaime Paiva Lopes Aguiar
- Brazilian National Institute for Research in the Amazon, Coordination Society of Environment and Health (COSAS) and Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Food (LFQA), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Renê Lemos Aleluia
- Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, Espirito Santo, Brazil
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23
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Alubaidi G, Humadi Y, Hamoodi D, Mahdi H, Anid B, Jasim IA, Abdalfatah IM. Serum Interleukin-6 is associated with hypocalcemia, hypoferritinemia and hyperkalemia in end-stage renal disease patients. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 2023. [DOI: 10.4081/itjm.2022.1550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Both of chronic inflammation and mineral disturbance are major concerns in patients with chronic kidney disease, particularly end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the association between circulating IL-6 and minerals dysregulation in patients diagnosed with ESRF and on a continuous hemodialysis regimen. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 74 patients undergoing continuous hemodialysis. Serum samples were tested for IL-6 using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Mineral were analyzed using an electrolyte analyzer and biochemical tests. Parameter correlations were analyzed using the Pearson’s correlation test. Results: Among the studies group, the male: female ratio was 1:0.72. IL-6 mean value was 13.77 pg/ml ±9.79 SD. IL-6 was significantly negatively correlated with circulating iron and calcium levels (r= - 0.229, P= 0.049; r= -0.252, P= 0.03, respectively). IL-6 was significantly positively correlated with K+ levels (r= 0.269,P= 0.02). Conclusion: The present study highlighted the substantial role of IL-6 in mineral dysregulation in hemodialysis patients, highlighting this cytokine as a potential therapeutic target for minimizing and monitoring the clinical effects of mineral disturbances, including cardiovascular and neurological complications.
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24
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Mahan B, Tacail T, Lewis J, Elliott T, Habekost M, Turner S, Chung R, Moynier F. Exploring the K isotope composition of Göttingen minipig brain regions, and implications for Alzheimer's disease. Metallomics 2022; 14:mfac090. [PMID: 36416864 PMCID: PMC9764214 DOI: 10.1093/mtomcs/mfac090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Natural stable metal isotopes have shown utility in differentiation between healthy and diseased brain states (e.g. Alzheimer's disease, AD). While the AD brain accumulates some metals, it purges others, namely K (accompanied by increased serum K, suggesting brain-blood transferal). Here, K isotope compositions of Göttingen minipig brain regions for two AD models at midlife are reported. Results indicate heavy K isotope enrichment where amyloid beta (Aβ) accumulation is observed, and this enrichment correlates with relative K depletion. These results suggest preferential efflux of isotopically light K+ from the brain, a linkage between brain K concentrations and isotope compositions, and linkage to Aβ (previously shown to purge cellular brain K+). Brain K isotope compositions differ from that for serum and brain K is much more abundant than in serum, suggesting that changes in brain K may transfer a measurable K isotope excursion to serum, thereby generating an early AD biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Mahan
- IsoTropics Geochemistry Lab, Earth and Environmental Science, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4814, Australia
- Thermo Fisher Isotope Development Hub, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
- Department of Biomedical Research, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Theo Tacail
- Bristol Isotope Group, School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1RJ, UK
- Institute of Geosciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz 55099, Germany
| | - Jamie Lewis
- Bristol Isotope Group, School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1RJ, UK
| | - Tim Elliott
- Bristol Isotope Group, School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1RJ, UK
| | - Mette Habekost
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Simon Turner
- Thermo Fisher Isotope Development Hub, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Roger Chung
- Thermo Fisher Isotope Development Hub, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
- Department of Biomedical Research, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Frédéric Moynier
- Université de Paris, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, CNRS, 75238 Paris, France
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25
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Hayes AMR, Tsan L, Kao AE, Schwartz GM, Décarie-Spain L, Tierno Lauer L, Klug ME, Schier LA, Kanoski SE. Early Life Low-Calorie Sweetener Consumption Impacts Energy Balance during Adulthood. Nutrients 2022; 14:4709. [PMID: 36432396 PMCID: PMC9694170 DOI: 10.3390/nu14224709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Children frequently consume beverages that are either sweetened with sugars (sugar-sweetened beverages; SSB) or low-calorie sweeteners (LCS). Here, we evaluated the effects of habitual early life consumption of either SSB or LCS on energy balance later during adulthood. Male and female rats were provided with chow, water, and a solution containing either SSB (sucrose), LCS (acesulfame potassium (ACE-K) or stevia), or control (no solution) during the juvenile and adolescent periods (postnatal days 26-70). SSB or LCS consumption was voluntary and restricted within the recommended federal daily limits. When subsequently maintained on a cafeteria-style junk food diet (CAF; various high-fat, high-sugar foods) during adulthood, ACE-K-exposed rats demonstrated reduced caloric consumption vs. the controls, which contributed to lower body weights in female, but not male, ACE-K rats. These discrepant intakes and body weight effects in male ACE-K rats are likely to be based on reduced gene expression of thermogenic indicators (UCP1, BMP8B) in brown adipose tissue. Female stevia-exposed rats did not differ from the controls in terms of caloric intake or body weight, yet they consumed more SSB during CAF exposure in adulthood. None of the SSB-exposed rats, neither male nor female, differed from the controls in terms of total adult caloric consumption or body weight measures. The collective results reveal that early life LCS consumption alters sugar preference, body weight, and gene expression for markers of thermogenesis during adulthood, with both sex- and sweetener-dependent effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M. R. Hayes
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, 3616 Trousdale Parkway, AHF-252, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Linda Tsan
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, 3616 Trousdale Parkway, AHF-252, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Alicia E. Kao
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, 3616 Trousdale Parkway, AHF-252, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Grace M. Schwartz
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, 3616 Trousdale Parkway, AHF-252, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Léa Décarie-Spain
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, 3616 Trousdale Parkway, AHF-252, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Logan Tierno Lauer
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, 3616 Trousdale Parkway, AHF-252, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Molly E. Klug
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, 3616 Trousdale Parkway, AHF-252, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Lindsey A. Schier
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, 3616 Trousdale Parkway, AHF-252, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Scott E. Kanoski
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, 3616 Trousdale Parkway, AHF-252, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
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26
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Szczuko M, Pokorska-Niewiada K, Kwiatkowska L, Nawrocka-Rutkowska J, Szydłowska I, Ziętek M. Level of Potassium Is Associated with Saturated Fatty Acids in Cell Membranes and Influences the Activation of the 9 and 13 HODE and 5 HETE Synthesis Pathways in PCOS. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10092244. [PMID: 36140345 PMCID: PMC9496543 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Potassium helps to maintain the water–electrolyte and acid–base balance. There is little research on the relationship between plasma fatty acids (FAs), inflammatory mediators and red blood cell potassium levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). This study included 38 Caucasian women with PCOS. Potassium in the erythrocytes was determined by inductively coupled atomic plasma emission spectrometry. The FAs were analysed with gas chromatography, and liquid chromatography was used to separate the eicosanoids. The relationships between the potassium content and the amounts of fatty acids, as well as potassium and arachidonic acid (AAs) derivatives, were analysed. Significant negative correlations were found with, among others, pentadecanoic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid and arachidic acid, whereas a positive correlation was found with neuronic acid. Positive correlations were observed with 9, 13 HODE (derivatives synthetized from linolenic acid) and 5 oxo ETE and 5 HETE (from 5 LOX pathway). Saturated fatty acids reduce the influx of potassium into the cell by destabilizing the pH of the cytosol, and thus exacerbating the inflammatory response through the activation of the AA cascade. Therefore, improving the flow of potassium inside the cell is important in the treatment of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Szczuko
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-460 Szczein, Poland
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (K.P.-N.)
| | - Kamila Pokorska-Niewiada
- Department of Toxicology, Dairy Technology and Food Storage, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, 71-374 Szczecin, Poland
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (K.P.-N.)
| | - Lidia Kwiatkowska
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-460 Szczein, Poland
| | - Jolanta Nawrocka-Rutkowska
- Department of Gynecology, Endocrinology and Gynecological Oncology, Pomeranian Medical University Szczecin, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Iwona Szydłowska
- Department of Gynecology, Endocrinology and Gynecological Oncology, Pomeranian Medical University Szczecin, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Maciej Ziętek
- Department of Perinatology, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 72-009 Police, Poland
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27
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Wu SY, Wen Y, Serre NBC, Laursen CCH, Dietz AG, Taylor BR, Drobizhev M, Molina RS, Aggarwal A, Rancic V, Becker M, Ballanyi K, Podgorski K, Hirase H, Nedergaard M, Fendrych M, Lemieux MJ, Eberl DF, Kay AR, Campbell RE, Shen Y. A sensitive and specific genetically-encoded potassium ion biosensor for in vivo applications across the tree of life. PLoS Biol 2022; 20:e3001772. [PMID: 36067248 PMCID: PMC9481166 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Potassium ion (K+) plays a critical role as an essential electrolyte in all biological systems. Genetically-encoded fluorescent K+ biosensors are promising tools to further improve our understanding of K+-dependent processes under normal and pathological conditions. Here, we report the crystal structure of a previously reported genetically-encoded fluorescent K+ biosensor, GINKO1, in the K+-bound state. Using structure-guided optimization and directed evolution, we have engineered an improved K+ biosensor, designated GINKO2, with higher sensitivity and specificity. We have demonstrated the utility of GINKO2 for in vivo detection and imaging of K+ dynamics in multiple model organisms, including bacteria, plants, and mice. Potassium ions play a critical role as an essential electrolyte in all biological systems. This study describes high performance genetically encoded potassium ion sensors to enable in vivo measurement of potassium ion concentrations across multiple model organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Yi Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Yurong Wen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Center for Microbiome Research of Med-X Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Nelson B. C. Serre
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Andrea Grostøl Dietz
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Brian R. Taylor
- Department of Physics, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Mikhail Drobizhev
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, United States of America
| | - Rosana S. Molina
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, United States of America
| | - Abhi Aggarwal
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Vladimir Rancic
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Michael Becker
- GM/CA@APS, X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Klaus Ballanyi
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kaspar Podgorski
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Hajime Hirase
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maiken Nedergaard
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Matyáš Fendrych
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M. Joanne Lemieux
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Daniel F. Eberl
- Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Alan R. Kay
- Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Robert E. Campbell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail: (REC); (YS)
| | - Yi Shen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- * E-mail: (REC); (YS)
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28
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Chitbankluai K, Thavarungkul P, Kanatharana P, Kaewpet M, Buranachai C. Newly found K +-Thioflavin T competitive binding to DNA G-quadruplexes and the development of a label-free fluorescent biosensor with extra low detection limit for K + determination in urine samples. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 276:121244. [PMID: 35429866 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The determination of potassium ion K+ in body fluids is important in health monitoring and diagnoses. One of the interesting and simple methods for K+ detection is the use of label-free biosensors based on DNA G-quadruplexes (GQs) coupled with a specific fluorescent probe, such as Thioflavin T (ThT), which lights up when bound with K+-stabilized GQs. However, these biosensors are not generally sensitive. In this work, we found a solution: at a low concentration, K+ competes with ThT in binding to a bimolecular GQ or a tetramolecular GQ, resulting in a decrease in ThT fluorescence emission with increasing K+. Therefore, we developed a label-free turn-off fluorescent K+ sensor. The sensor provides a very low detection limit of 21.87 ± 0.59 nM. Other possible interfering components in urine did not exert any effect even at quantities that were 10-fold greater than their upper limit of normal concentrations found in urine samples. With its only requirement of diluting samples, the developed low-cost label-free probe and simple sensor was successfully applied to the direct detection of K+ in normal urine samples with high accuracy (recoveries ranged from 90% to 100%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Khwanrudee Chitbankluai
- Division of Physical Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Trace Analysis and Biosensor, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Thailand Center of Excellence in Physics, Commission on Higher Education, 328 Si Ayutthaya Road, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Panote Thavarungkul
- Division of Physical Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Trace Analysis and Biosensor, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Thailand Center of Excellence in Physics, Commission on Higher Education, 328 Si Ayutthaya Road, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Proespichaya Kanatharana
- Division of Physical Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Trace Analysis and Biosensor, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Morakot Kaewpet
- Division of Physical Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Trace Analysis and Biosensor, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Chittanon Buranachai
- Division of Physical Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Trace Analysis and Biosensor, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Thailand Center of Excellence in Physics, Commission on Higher Education, 328 Si Ayutthaya Road, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
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29
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Sharif S, Tang J. Potassium Derangements: A Pathophysiological Review, Diagnostic Approach, and Clinical Management. Physiology (Bethesda) 2022. [DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.103016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Potassium is an essential cation critical in fluid and electrolyte balance, acid–base regulation, and neuromuscular functions. The normal serum potassium is kept within a narrow range of 3.5–5.2 meq/L while the intracellular concentration is approximately 140–150 meq/L. The total body potassium is about 45–55 mmol/kg; thus, a 70 kg male has an estimated ~136 g and 60 kg female has ~117 g of potassium. In total, 98% of the total body potassium is intracellular. Skeletal muscle contains ~80% of body potassium stores. The ratio of intracellular to extracellular potassium concentration (Ki/Ke) maintained by Na+/K+ ATPase determines the resting membrane potential. Disturbances of potassium homeostasis lead to hypo- and hyperkalemia, which if severe, can be life-threatening. Prompt diagnosis and management of these problems are important.
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30
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First 24-Hour Potassium Concentration and Variability and Association with Mortality in Patients Requiring Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy in Intensive Care Units: A Hospital-Based Retrospective Cohort Study. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11123383. [PMID: 35743452 PMCID: PMC9224685 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11123383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Serum potassium (K+) levels between 3.5 and 5.0 mmol/L are considered safe for patients. The optimal serum K+ level for critically ill patients with acute kidney injury undergoing continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) remains unclear. This retrospective study investigated the association between ICU mortality and K+ levels and their variability. Patients aged >20 years with a minimum of two serum K+ levels recorded during CRRT who were admitted to the ICU in a tertiary hospital in central Taiwan between January 01, 2010, and April 30, 2021 were eligible for inclusion. Patients were categorized into different groups based on their mean K+ levels: <3.0, 3.0 to <3.5, 3.5 to <4.0, 4.0 to <4.5, 4.5 to <5.0, and ≥5.0 mmol/L; K+ variability was divided by the quartiles of the average real variation. We analyzed the association between the particular groups and in-hospital mortality by using Cox proportional hazard models. We studied 1991 CRRT patients with 9891 serum K+ values recorded within 24 h after the initiation of CRRT. A J-shaped association was observed between serum K+ levels and mortality, and the lowest mortality was observed in the patients with mean K+ levels between 3.0 and 4.0 mmol/L. The risk of in-hospital death was significantly increased in those with the highest variability (HR and 95% CI = 1.61 [1.13−2.29] for 72 h mortality; 1.39 [1.06−1.82] for 28-day mortality; 1.43 [1.11−1.83] for 90-day mortality, and 1.31 [1.03−1.65] for in-hospital mortality, respectively). Patients receiving CRRT may benefit from a lower serum K+ level and its tighter control. During CRRT, progressively increased mortality was noted in the patients with increasing K+ variability. Thus, the careful and timely correction of dyskalemia among these patients is crucial.
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The influence of physical activity level on the length of stay in hospital in older men survivors of COVID-19. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2022; 18:1483-1490. [PMID: 35730029 PMCID: PMC9187887 DOI: 10.1007/s11332-022-00948-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to verify the influence of physical activity level on the length of hospital stay in older men recovered from COVID-19. In total, 126 older men diagnosed with COVID-19 were admitted to the hospital between September and December 2020. Among them, 70 survived, of which 39 older men were included in the study. Within 30 days after discharge, patients answered the International Physical Activity Questionnaire to measure their physical activity level through phone contact, with questions corresponding to the week before symptom onset. Clinical and laboratorial data from admission, days between onset of symptoms and admission, length of stay, computed tomography abnormalities, and the need for the intensive care unit were collected. The groups (active × sedentary) were compared using the Student t test or Mann-Whitney test for quantitative data and chi-square test was used for categorical data. There is no difference between the groups in characteristics of admission (p > 0.05), except by potassium level. Active older men had a shorter length of stay (6.50 ± 3.46 vs 11.48 ± 7.63 days; p = 0.03), disease duration (15.71 ± 4.84 vs 21.09 ± 7.69 days; p = 0.02), and lower frequency of lung damage when compared to their sedentary counterparts. In conclusion, being physically active prior to infection can attenuate length of hospital stay in older men with COVID-19.
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Guiding Efficient, Effective, and Patient-Oriented Electrolyte Replacement in Critical Care: An Artificial Intelligence Reinforcement Learning Approach. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12050661. [PMID: 35629084 PMCID: PMC9143326 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12050661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Both provider- and protocol-driven electrolyte replacement have been linked to the over-prescription of ubiquitous electrolytes. Here, we describe the development and retrospective validation of a data-driven clinical decision support tool that uses reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms to recommend patient-tailored electrolyte replacement policies for ICU patients. We used electronic health records (EHR) data that originated from two institutions (UPHS; MIMIC-IV). The tool uses a set of patient characteristics, such as their physiological and pharmacological state, a pre-defined set of possible repletion actions, and a set of clinical goals to present clinicians with a recommendation for the route and dose of an electrolyte. RL-driven electrolyte repletion substantially reduces the frequency of magnesium and potassium replacements (up to 60%), adjusts the timing of interventions in all three electrolytes considered (potassium, magnesium, and phosphate), and shifts them towards orally administered repletion over intravenous replacement. This shift in recommended treatment limits risk of the potentially harmful effects of over-repletion and implies monetary savings. Overall, the RL-driven electrolyte repletion recommendations reduce excess electrolyte replacements and improve the safety, precision, efficacy, and cost of each electrolyte repletion event, while showing robust performance across patient cohorts and hospital systems.
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Paquet F, Leggett RW, Blanchardon E, Bailey MR, Gregoratto D, Smith T, Ratia G, Davesne E, Berkovski V, Harrison JD. Occupational Intakes of Radionuclides: Part 5. Ann ICRP 2022; 51:11-415. [PMID: 35414227 DOI: 10.1177/01466453211028755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Coffee silverskin: Characterization of B-vitamins, macronutrients, minerals and phytosterols. Food Chem 2022; 372:131188. [PMID: 34624779 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The present study assessed the nutritional composition of coffee silverskin (CSS) obtained from arabica roasted coffee. Following validated analytical methods, CSS resulted to be a high source of proteins (14.2 g/100 g) and dietary fibers (51.5 g/100 g). Moreover, the mineral analysis revealed high contents of calcium (1.1 g/100 g) and potassium (1.0 g/100 g). To date, this study provided the widest mineral profile of CSS with 30 minerals targeted including 23 microminerals with high levels of iron (238.0 mg/kg), manganese (46.7 mg/kg), copper (37.9 mg/kg), and zinc (31.9 mg/kg). Moreover, vitamins B2 (0.18-0.2 mg/kg) and B3 (2.5-3.1 mg/kg) were studied and reported for the first time in CSS. β-sitosterol (77.1 mg/kg), campesterol, stigmasterol, and Δ5-avenasterol, were also observed from the phytosterol analysis of CSS with a total level of 98.4 mg/kg. This rich nutritional profile highlights the potential values of CSS for innovative reuses in bioactive ingredients development.
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Phytochemical and Nutritional Profile Composition in Fruits of Different Sweet Chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) Cultivars Grown in Romania. SEPARATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/separations9030066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.), a valuable fruit crop, is cultivated in small areas in Romania, mostly in the west, where the moderate continental climate has a slight Mediterranean influence. This work aims to investigate the bioactive characteristics (total polyphenols, total flavonoids and antioxidant activity), individual polyphenolic composition, phytochemical and nutritional HRMS screening profiles, sugar and mineral composition of six sweet chestnut cultivars, namely ‘Marsol’, ‘Maraval’, ‘Bournette’, ‘Précoce Migoule’ and ‘Marissard’ grown at Fruit Growing Research—Extension Station (SCDP) Vâlcea, in Northern Oltenia, Romania. Fruit samples were collected in two consecutive years, in order to study the impact of genetic variability between cultivars and the influence of the different climatic conditions corresponding to different cultivation years. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) allow the discrimination between the sweet chestnut fruits harvested in different years and different sweet chestnut cultivars. Analytical investigations revealed that sweet chestnut cultivars grown in Romania show similar bioactive, phytochemical and nutritional composition to cultivars grown in the large European chestnut-producing countries, indicating the high adaptation potential of the chestnut in the temperate continental zone with small Mediterranean influences characteristic of the southwestern area of Romania.
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Swapnasrita S, Carlier A, Layton AT. Sex-Specific Computational Models of Kidney Function in Patients With Diabetes. Front Physiol 2022; 13:741121. [PMID: 35153824 PMCID: PMC8827383 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.741121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The kidney plays an essential role in homeostasis, accomplished through the regulation of pH, electrolytes and fluids, by the building blocks of the kidney, the nephrons. One of the important markers of the proper functioning of a kidney is the glomerular filtration rate. Diabetes is characterized by an enlargement of the glomerular and tubular size of the kidney, affecting the afferent and efferent arteriole resistance and hemodynamics, ultimately leading to chronic kidney disease. We postulate that the diabetes-induced changes in kidney may exhibit significant sex differences as the distribution of renal transporters along the nephron may be markedly different between women and men, as recently shown in rodents. The goals of this study are to (i) analyze how kidney function is altered in male and female patients with diabetes, and (ii) assess the renal effects, in women and men, of an anti-hyperglycemic therapy that inhibits the sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) in the proximal convoluted tubules. To accomplish these goals, we have developed computational models of kidney function, separate for male and female patients with diabetes. The simulation results indicate that diabetes enhances Na+ transport, especially along the proximal tubules and thick ascending limbs, to similar extents in male and female patients, which can be explained by the diabetes-induced increase in glomerular filtration rate. Additionally, we conducted simulations to study the effects of diabetes and SGLT2 inhibition on solute and water transport along the nephrons. Model simulations also suggest that SGLT2 inhibition raises luminal [Cl–] at the macula densa, twice as much in males as in females, and could indicate activation of the tubuloglomerular feedback signal. By inducing osmotic diuresis in the proximal tubules, SGLT2 inhibition reduces paracellular transport, eventually leading to diuresis and natriuresis. Those effects on urinary excretion are blunted in women, in part due to their higher distal transport capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangita Swapnasrita
- Department of Cell Biology-Inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Aurélie Carlier
- Department of Cell Biology-Inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Anita T Layton
- Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada.,Department of Biology, Cheriton School of Computer Science, School of Pharmacology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
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de Veld L, van der Lely N, Hermans BJM, van Hoof JJ, Wong L, Vink AS. QTc prolongation in adolescents with acute alcohol intoxication. Eur J Pediatr 2022; 181:2757-2770. [PMID: 35482092 PMCID: PMC9192465 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-022-04471-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
In adults, alcohol intoxication is associated with prolongation of the QT interval corrected for heart rate (QTc). The QTc is influenced by age and sex. Although alcohol intoxication is increasingly common in adolescents, there are no data on the prevalence of QTc prolongation in adolescents with alcohol intoxication. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of QTc prolongation in adolescents with alcohol intoxication and identify at-risk adolescents. In this observational study including adolescents aged 10-18 years, heart rate and QT interval were automatically assessed from an electrocardiogram (ECG) at alcohol intoxication using a validated algorithm. The QTc was calculated using both the Bazett formula (QTcB) and Fridericia formula (QTcF). If present, an ECG recorded within 1 year of the date of admission to the emergency department was obtained as a reference ECG. A total of 317 adolescents were included; 13.3% had a QTcB and 7.9% a QTcF longer than the sex- and age-specific 95th-percentile. None of the adolescents had a QTcB or QTcF > 500 ms, but 11.8% of the adolescents with a reference ECG had a QTcB prolongation of > 60 ms, while no adolescents had a QTcF prolongation of > 60 ms. QTc prolongation was mainly attributable to an increase in heart rate rather than QT prolongation, which underlies the differences between QTcB and QTcF. Male sex and hypokalaemia increased the likelihood of QTc prolongation.Conclusion: QTc prolongation was seen in approximately 10% of the adolescents presenting with alcohol intoxication, and although no ventricular arrhythmias were observed in this cohort, QTc prolongation increases the potential for malignant QT-related arrhythmias. Clinicians must be aware of the possibility of QTc prolongation during alcohol intoxication and make an effort to obtain an ECG at presentation, measure the QT interval, and give an adequate assessment of the findings. We advocate admitting adolescents with alcohol intoxication and QTc prolongation. During hospital admission, we recommend limiting exposure to QTc-prolonging medication, increasing potassium levels to a high-normal range (4.5-5.0 mmol/L) and obtaining a reference ECG at discharge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loes de Veld
- Erasmus School of Health Policy and Management, Erasmus University, Postbus 1738, 3000, Rotterdam, DR, Netherlands. .,Department of Pediatrics, Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, Netherlands.
| | - Nico van der Lely
- Department of Pediatrics, Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, Netherlands ,Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ben J. M. Hermans
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Joris J. van Hoof
- Department of Pediatrics, Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, Netherlands
| | - Lichelle Wong
- Department of Pediatrics, Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, Netherlands
| | - Arja Suzanne Vink
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands ,Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Abstract
(1) Background: The aim of this research is to study the importance of improving knowledge of old variety apples in terms of phytochemicals, antioxidant capacity and mineral elements. (2) Methods: Fifteen phenolic compounds (UHPLC-MS/MS techniques), eight mineral elements (Ca, K, Cu, Mn, Fe, Zn, Na and Mg), antioxidant capacity (DPPH%) and vitamin C content in four ancient apple varieties of Tuscany (‘Mora’, ‘Nesta’, ‘Panaia’ and ‘Ruggina’), with the ‘Golden Delicious’ cultivar as reference, were analyzed. (3) Results: Ancient cultivars exhibited a superior antioxidant capacity compared to commercial cultivars. ECTC and CGA were the polyphenols that mostly characterized the ancient apples. The contents of the elements of concern, Zn and Mn, were higher in the ancient cultivars ‘Panaia’ and ‘Ruggina’, while Na showed significant low concentration in ‘Nesta’, ‘Panaia’ and ‘Ruggina’ compared to ‘Golden Delicious’. The vitamin C content also indicated that ‘Mora’, ‘Panaia’ and ‘Ruggina’ old variety had an AsA content around 10 times higher than the ‘Golden Delicious’ apple. (4) Conclusions: Underutilized varieties could be an excellent source of bioactive phenolic phytochemicals, mineral nutrients and vitamins that may offer special nutraceutical benefits compared to other fruits.
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Kim HM, Jeong SG, Hwang IM, Park HW. Efficient Citrus ( Citrus unshiu) Byproduct Extract-Based Approach for Lactobacillus sakei WiKim31 Shelf-Life Extension. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:35334-35341. [PMID: 34984265 PMCID: PMC8717389 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c04335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria produce various bioactive compounds widely used in human healthcare. However, studies on cryoprotective agents for the efficient storage of lactic acid bacteria after freeze-drying are still lacking. Here, we report the shelf-life extension effects of a highly efficient and eco-friendly cryoprotective agent and a cold adaptation method on Lactobacillus sakei WiKim31. Cold adaptation of L. sakei WiKim31 increased exopolysaccharide expression in response to abiotic stress. As a possible cryoprotective agent, the citrus byproduct (CP) contains a variety of sugars, amino acids, and cations, exhibiting high antioxidant activity. L. sakei WiKim31 powders formulated with CP or a mixture of soy powder (SP) and CP exhibited high cell viability at 58.3 and 76.3%, respectively, after 56 days of storage. These results indicate that CP can be efficiently used as a novel cryoprotective agent either alone or in combination with SP to improve the storage conditions of L. sakei WiKim31 and preserve it longer.
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Yang Q, Tan QQ, Lan CJ, Lv BZ, Zhou GM, Zhong WQ, Gu ZM, Mao YM, Liao X. The Changes of KCNQ5 Expression and Potassium Microenvironment in the Retina of Myopic Guinea Pigs. Front Physiol 2021; 12:790580. [PMID: 35002772 PMCID: PMC8733613 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.790580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
KCNQ5 is suggestively associated with myopia, but its specific role in the myopic process has not been studied further. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of potassium channel gene KCNQ5 and the changes of K+ microenvironment within the retina of form deprivation myopia (FDM) guinea pigs. A total of 60 guinea pigs were randomly divided into the normal control (NC) group, the self-control (SC) group, and the form-deprivation (FD) group for different treatments. Molecular assays and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were conducted to measure the expression and distribution of KCNQ5-related gene and protein in the retina. We determined the K+ concentration in the retina. In addition, the possible effects of form deprivation on potassium ionic currents and the pharmacological sensitivity of KCNQ5 activator Retigabine and inhibitor XE991 to the M-current in RPE cells were investigated using the patch-clamp technique. As a result, FD eyes exhibited more myopic refraction and longer AL. The mRNA and protein levels of KCNQ5 significantly decreased in the FD eyes, but the K+ concentration increased. In addition, the M-type K+ current [IK(M)] density decreased in FD RPE cells, and were activated or inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner due to the addition of Retigabine or XE991. Overall, KCNQ5 was significantly downregulated in the retina of FD guinea pigs, which may be associated with the increasing K+ concentration, decreasing IK(M) density, and elongating ocular axis. It suggested that KCNQ5 may play a role in the process of myopia, and the intervention of potassium channels may contribute to the prevention and control of myopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
- Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
- The Translational Medicine Research Center and the Hepatobiliary Research Institute (North Sichuan Medical College), Nanchong, China
| | - Qing Qing Tan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
- Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Chang Jun Lan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
- Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Bo Zhen Lv
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Gui Mei Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
- Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Wei Qi Zhong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
- Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
- The Translational Medicine Research Center and the Hepatobiliary Research Institute (North Sichuan Medical College), Nanchong, China
| | - Zhi Ming Gu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
- Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
- The Translational Medicine Research Center and the Hepatobiliary Research Institute (North Sichuan Medical College), Nanchong, China
| | - Yu Mei Mao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuan Liao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
- Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
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Hickey SM, Ung B, Bader C, Brooks R, Lazniewska J, Johnson IRD, Sorvina A, Logan J, Martini C, Moore CR, Karageorgos L, Sweetman MJ, Brooks DA. Fluorescence Microscopy-An Outline of Hardware, Biological Handling, and Fluorophore Considerations. Cells 2021; 11:35. [PMID: 35011596 PMCID: PMC8750338 DOI: 10.3390/cells11010035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorescence microscopy has become a critical tool for researchers to understand biological processes at the cellular level. Micrographs from fixed and live-cell imaging procedures feature in a plethora of scientific articles for the field of cell biology, but the complexities of fluorescence microscopy as an imaging tool can sometimes be overlooked or misunderstood. This review seeks to cover the three fundamental considerations when designing fluorescence microscopy experiments: (1) hardware availability; (2) amenability of biological models to fluorescence microscopy; and (3) suitability of imaging agents for intended applications. This review will help equip the reader to make judicious decisions when designing fluorescence microscopy experiments that deliver high-resolution and informative images for cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane M. Hickey
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, Australia; (C.B.); (R.B.); (J.L.); (I.R.D.J.); (A.S.); (J.L.); (C.M.); (C.R.M.); (L.K.); (M.J.S.); (D.A.B.)
| | - Ben Ung
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, Australia; (C.B.); (R.B.); (J.L.); (I.R.D.J.); (A.S.); (J.L.); (C.M.); (C.R.M.); (L.K.); (M.J.S.); (D.A.B.)
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Liu L, Xie K, Yin M, Chen X, Chen B, Ke J, Wang C. Serum potassium, albumin and vitamin B 12 as potential oxidative stress markers of fungal peritonitis. Ann Med 2021; 53:2132-2141. [PMID: 34779336 PMCID: PMC8604478 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2021.1999489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biomarkers of oxidative stress (OS) have been poorly explored in fungal peritonitis (FP). Potassium is a regulator of pro-oxidants and antioxidants. Albumin and vitamin B12 (B12) are vital antioxidant agents in the circulatory system. This study aimed to investigate the antioxidative role of serum potassium, albumin and B12 in FP. METHODS Serum levels of potassium, albumin and B12 were retrospectively analyzed in 21 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of FP, 105 bacterial peritonitis (BP) patients and 210 patients receiving peritoneal dialysis without peritonitis. RESULTS Serum levels of potassium, albumin and B12 were lower in FP patients than in BP patients. Serum potassium concentration was statistically related to albumin concentration in peritonitis patients. Univariate and multivariate binary logistic regression analysis suggested that serum level of potassium and albumin were independent risk factors of FP when compared with BP. Lower potassium and B12 levels were independently associated with higher rates of technique failure in peritonitis. CONCLUSION These findings suggest lower serum potassium, albumin and B12 as potential oxidative stress markers of FP and raise the hypothesis that an increased level of OS could contribute to FP.KEY MESSAGESFP remains a serious complication of peritoneal dialysis (PD), with higher morbidity (1-23.8%) and mortality (2-25%), and oxidative stress plays a role in it.Our study suggested serum potassium, albumin and vitamin B12 as potential oxidative stress markers of fungal peritonitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Kehang Xie
- Department of Neurology, Zhuhai Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhuhai, China
| | - Mengmeng Yin
- Department of Nephrology, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Xiaoqiu Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Binhuan Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Jianting Ke
- Department of Nephrology, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, China
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Prenggono MD, Yasmina A, Ariyah M, Wanahari TA, Hasrianti N. The effect of imatinib and nilotinib on blood calcium and blood potassium levels in chronic myeloid leukemia patients: a literature review. Oncol Rev 2021; 15:547. [PMID: 34976304 PMCID: PMC8649642 DOI: 10.4081/oncol.2021.547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Imatinib and nilotinib are first-line treatments for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients, which act specifically against target cells. However, these drugs may cause side effects, such as electrolyte disturbances. This literature review aimed to provide a comparison of the effects of imatinib and nilotinib on blood potassium and calcium levels. It also summarized their hypothetical mechanism. A comprehensive electronic search of the different databases was conducted using ‘chronic myeloid leukemia’, ‘tyrosine kinase inhibitors’, ‘imatinib’, ‘nilotinib’, ‘potassium’, ‘calcium’, ‘electrolytes’ as keywords. This review used PubMed- MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar as the source databases. Sixteen articles published from 2006 to 2020 were reviewed. Changes in blood potassium levels range from increased to decreased levels, while changes in blood calcium levels range from the lower normal values to below normal values (hypocalcemia). Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), including imatinib and nilotinib, have a non-specific target, namely plateletderived growth factor receptor (PDGFR), which indirectly affects blood potassium and calcium levels in CML patients. The clinical manifestations of these changes vary from being visible only in laboratory tests to displaying a variety of clinical signs and symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Darwin Prenggono
- Division of Medical Oncology-Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Lambung Mangkurat/Ulin General Hospital, Banjarmasin
| | - Alfi Yasmina
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Lambung Mangkurat, Banjarmasin
| | - Misna Ariyah
- Medical Education Study Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Lambung Mangkurat, Banjarmasin
| | - Tenri Ashari Wanahari
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Lambung Mangkurat/Ulin General Hospital, Banjarmasin, Indonesia
| | - Nuvita Hasrianti
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Lambung Mangkurat/Ulin General Hospital, Banjarmasin, Indonesia
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Kucherenko IS, Chen B, Johnson Z, Wilkins A, Sanborn D, Figueroa-Felix N, Mendivelso-Perez D, Smith EA, Gomes C, Claussen JC. Laser-induced graphene electrodes for electrochemical ion sensing, pesticide monitoring, and water splitting. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:6201-6212. [PMID: 34468795 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03519-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Laser-induced graphene (LIG) has shown to be a scalable manufacturing route to create graphene electrodes that overcome the expense associated with conventional graphene electrode fabrication. Herein, we expand upon initial LIG reports by functionalizing the LIG with metallic nanoparticles for ion sensing, pesticide monitoring, and water splitting. The LIG electrodes were converted into ion-selective sensors by functionalization with poly(vinyl chloride)-based membranes containing K+ and H+ ionophores. These ion-selective sensors exhibited a rapid response time (10-15 s), near-Nernstian sensitivity (53.0 mV/dec for the K+ sensor and - 56.6 mV/pH for the pH sensor), and long storage stability for 40 days, and were capable of ion monitoring in artificial urine. The pesticide biosensors were created by functionalizing the LIG electrodes with the enzyme horseradish peroxidase and displayed a high sensitivity to atrazine (28.9 nA/μM) with negligible inference from other common herbicides (glyphosate, dicamba, and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid). Finally, the LIG electrodes also exhibited a small overpotential for hydrogen evolution reaction and oxygen evolution reaction. The oxygen evolution reaction tests yielded overpotentials of 448 mV and 995 mV for 10 mA/cm2 and 100 mA/cm2, respectively. The hydrogen evolution reaction tests yielded 35 mV and 281 mV for the corresponding current densities. Such a versatile LIG platform paves the way for simple, efficient electrochemical sensing and energy harvesting applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan S Kucherenko
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.,Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 150 Zabolotnogo str., Kyiv, 03143, Ukraine
| | - Bolin Chen
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Zachary Johnson
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | | | - Delaney Sanborn
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | | | | | - Emily A Smith
- Chemistry Department, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Carmen Gomes
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Jonathan C Claussen
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.
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Shah NZ, Malik S, Sathyapalan T, Mohammed K. Refractory hypokalaemia and hypertension with metabolic alkalosis: an acute presentation of Cushing's disease secondary to a pituitary macroadenoma. BMJ Case Rep 2021; 14:e244850. [PMID: 34446523 PMCID: PMC8395277 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2021-244850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
A 68-year-old woman presented with right arm cellulitis, not responsive to oral antibiotics. Intravenous antibiotics were commenced, and an ultrasound scan confirmed a collection that was surgically drained. She developed refractory hypokalaemia with normal magnesium, no gastrointestinal losses and no iatrogenic cause. She was hypertensive, hyperglycaemic, alkalotic, clinically obese with proximal myopathy and skin bruising. These clinical findings and refractory hypokalaemic hypertension with metabolic alkalosis raised a suspicion of Cushing's syndrome (CS). 24-hour urinary free cortisol (24 hours) was grossly raised on two occasions. The adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) was significantly raised at 154 ng/L, confirming ACTH-dependant CS. A CT scan of the thorax, abdomen and pelvis excluded an ectopic source of hypercortisolaemia. MRI pituitary revealed an invasive macroadenoma. Treatment with endoscopic debulking resulted in the resolution of hypokalaemia and metabolic alkalosis with significant improvement in hyperglycaemia and hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najeeb Zaheer Shah
- Diabetes and Endocrinology, Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Hull, UK
- Department of Academic Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - Shah Malik
- Diabetes and Endocrinology, Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Hull, UK
| | - Thozhukat Sathyapalan
- Diabetes and Endocrinology, Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Hull, UK
- Department of Academic Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - Kamrudeen Mohammed
- Diabetes and Endocrinology, Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Hull, UK
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Physicochemical Properties and Antioxidant Potential of Tateishi Kazu Vegetable Soup. J FOOD QUALITY 2021. [DOI: 10.1155/2021/8194219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Many industrialized areas of the world demand for the nutraceuticals due to rapidly growing health risks linked with higher consumption of processed foods. Tateishi Kazu vegetable soup or miracle soup is widely consumed around the world because of its nutraceutical properties. In the current research, the Tateishi Kazu vegetable soup was made from both organic and nonorganic sources, such as carrot, burdock root, shiitake mushroom, daikon radish, and radish leaves. We analyzed colour, antioxidant properties, cell viability, and mineral and free amino acid contents of both soups. The L
a
b and pH values revealed no drastic changes in the colour of the organic soup stored for 96 hours. The essential amino acids were present in higher amounts in an organic soup compared to the nonorganic soup. Similarly, the total mineral contents of the organic soup were higher than the nonorganic soup; however, potassium was the major mineral in both soups. Higher phenolic contents with elevated 2,2-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were noticed in organic soup. Moreover, both soups showed considerable reduction in cell viability of HepG2 cells tested through the MTT assay. From the present study, we concluded that the organic Tateishi Kazu vegetable soup can be of great importance to food industry due to the presence of viable nutrients and pharmacological properties.
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Reumkens A, Bakker CM, van Kraaij SJ, Winkens B, Raijmakers MT, van Nunen AB, van Deursen CT, Masclee AA. Safety of low-volume PEG-asc bowel cleansing preparation for colonoscopy: identifying patients at risk for hypokalemia in a prospective cohort study. Endosc Int Open 2021; 9:E1198-E1204. [PMID: 34447864 PMCID: PMC8383076 DOI: 10.1055/a-1478-3361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and study aims The aim of bowel cleansing preparation should be high-quality results and conformance with safety standards. Previously, we reported that hypokalemia occurred in 23.6 % of patients after bowel preparation in a high-risk population on diuretics or hospitalized and referred for colonoscopy. Here we report on a prospective study in a non-selected colonoscopy cohort to identify patients at risk of developing hypokalemia before and after bowel cleansing with low-volume polyethylene glycol with ascorbic acid (PEG-asc). Patients and methods From January 1 to July 31, 2016, we included all patients undergoing colonoscopy in our institution. Prevalences of hypokalemia before and after PEG-asc bowel cleansing for colonoscopy were calculated and risk factors for developing hypokalemia after PEG-asc bowel cleansing were identified. Results In total, 2011 patients were included in the analysis. Of these, 0.8 % had hypokalemia before bowel cleansing with PEG-asc. After bowel preparation, 5.4 % developed hypokalemia. Of the patients, 281 were considered to have "high cardiac risk." The combination of "high cardiac risk" and hypokalemia was present in 1 % of the initial colonoscopy population. Female sex, colorectal cancer diagnosis, and thiazide use were found to be significant predictors for hypokalemia after use of PEG-asc. No arrhythmias or serious adverse events due to hypokalemia occurred. Conclusions Physicians referring patients for colonoscopy should be aware that "high cardiac risk" patients and those on thiazide diuretics undergoing bowel cleansing for colonoscopy are a risk of developing post-cleansing hypokalemia but it remains to be determined whether their risk of developing life-threatening arrhythmias is truly increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankie Reumkens
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Sittard-Heerlen, the Netherlands,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands,NUTRIM, School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Christine Minke Bakker
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Sittard-Heerlen, the Netherlands,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Sebastiaan J.W. van Kraaij
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Bjorn Winkens
- Department of Methodology and Statistics, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands,CAPHRI, Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Maarten T. Raijmakers
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Sittard-Geleen, the Netherlands
| | - Annick B. van Nunen
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Sittard-Heerlen, the Netherlands
| | - Cees Th.B.M. van Deursen
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Sittard-Heerlen, the Netherlands,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Ad A.M. Masclee
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands,NUTRIM, School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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Li W, Zeng L, Han D, Zhang S, Lei B, Zheng M, Deng Y, You L. Development of a preoperative index-based nomogram for the prediction of hypokalemia in patients with pituitary adenoma: a retrospective cohort study. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11650. [PMID: 34322317 PMCID: PMC8297473 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To develop and validate a preoperative index-based nomogram for the prediction of hypokalemia in patients with pituitary adenoma (PA). Methods This retrospective cohort study included 205 patients with PAs between January 2013 and April 2020 in the Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, China. The patients were randomly classified into either a training set (N = 143 patients) and a validation set (N = 62 patients) at a ratio of 7:3. Variables, which were identified by using the LASSO regression model were included for the construction of a nomogram, and a logistic regression analysis was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) in the training set. The area under the curve (AUC) was used to evaluate the performance of the nomogram for predicting hypokalemia. Multivariate logistic regression analysis with a restricted cubic spline analysis was conducted to identify a potential nonlinear association between the preoperative index and hypokalemia. Results The incidence of hypokalemia was 38.05%. Seven preoperative indices were identified for the construction of the nomogram: age, type of PA, weight, activated partial thromboplastin time, urea, eosinophil percentage, and plateletocrit. The AUCs of the nomogram for predicting hypokalemia were 0.856 (95% CI [0.796–0.915]) and 0.652 (95% CI [0.514–0.790]) in the training and validation sets, respectively. Restricted cubic splines demonstrated that there was no nonlinear association between hypokalemia and the selected variables. Conclusion In this study, we constructed a preoperative indices-based nomogram that can assess the risk of hypokalemia after the surgical treatment of pituitary adenomas. This nomogram may also help to identify high risk patients who require close monitoring of serum potassium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenpeng Li
- Neurosurgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lexiang Zeng
- Pediatric Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Deping Han
- Neurosurgery, JieXi People's Hospital, JieXi, China
| | - Shanyi Zhang
- Neurosurgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bingxi Lei
- Neurosurgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meiguang Zheng
- Neurosurgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuefei Deng
- Neurosurgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lili You
- Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Lookadoo DB, Schonhorn JE, Harpaldas H, Uherek CM, Schatz P, Lindgren A, Depa M, Kumar AA. Paper-Based Optode Devices (PODs) for Selective Quantification of Potassium in Biological Fluids. Anal Chem 2021; 93:9383-9389. [PMID: 34192456 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c00794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes the design, fabrication, and feasibility of paper-based optode devices (PODs) for sensing potassium selectively in biological fluids. PODs operate in exhaustive mode and integrate with a handheld, smartphone-connected optical reader. This integrated measuring system provides significant advantages over traditional optode membranes and other paper-based designs, by obtaining a linear optical response to potassium concentration via a simple, stackable design and by harnessing a smartphone to provide an easy-to-use interface, thus enabling remote monitoring of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Philipp Schatz
- Precision Medicine & Biosamples, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Lindgren
- Precision Medicine & Biosamples, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Michal Depa
- Jana Care, Inc., Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Ashok A Kumar
- Jana Care, Inc., Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
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50
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Abstract
Potassium is an essential mineral nutrient required by all living cells for normal physiological function. Therefore, maintaining intracellular potassium homeostasis during bacterial infection is a requirement for the survival of both host and pathogen. However, pathogenic bacteria require potassium transport to fulfill nutritional and chemiosmotic requirements, and potassium has been shown to directly modulate virulence gene expression, antimicrobial resistance, and biofilm formation. Host cells also require potassium to maintain fundamental biological processes, such as renal function, muscle contraction, and neuronal transmission; however, potassium flux also contributes to critical immunological and antimicrobial processes, such as cytokine production and inflammasome activation. Here, we review the role and regulation of potassium transport and signaling during infection in both mammalian and bacterial cells and highlight the importance of potassium to the success and survival of each organism.
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