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Mendez DA, Soñanez-Organis JG, Yang X, Vazquez-Anaya G, Nishiyama A, Ortiz RM. Exogenous thyroxine increases cardiac GLUT4 translocation in insulin resistant OLETF rats. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2024; 590:112254. [PMID: 38677465 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2024.112254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
During insulin resistance, the heart undergoes a metabolic shift in which fatty acids (FA) account for roughly about 99% of the ATP production. This metabolic shift is indicative of impaired glucose metabolism. A shift in FA metabolism with impaired glucose tolerance can increase reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipotoxicity, and mitochondrial dysfunction, ultimately leading to cardiomyopathy. Thyroid hormones (TH) may improve the glucose intolerance by increasing glucose reabsorption and metabolism in peripheral tissues, but little is known on its effects on cardiac tissue during insulin resistance. In the present study, insulin resistant Otsuka Long Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats were used to assess the effects of exogenous thyroxine (T4) on glucose metabolism in cardiac tissue. Rats were assigned to four groups: (1) lean, Long Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO; n=6), (2) LETO + T4 (8 μg/100 g BM/d × 5 wks; n = 7), (3) untreated OLETF (n = 6), and (4) OLETF + T4 (8 μg/100 g BM/d × 5 wks; n = 7). T4 increased GLUT4 gene expression by 85% in OLETF and increased GLUT4 protein translocation to the membrane by 294%. Additionally, T4 increased p-AS160 by 285%, phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1) mRNA, the rate limiting step in glycolysis, by 98% and hexokinase II by 64% in OLETF. T4 decreased both CPT2 mRNA and protein expression in OLETF. The results suggest that exogenous T4 has the potential to increase glucose uptake and metabolism while simultaneously reducing fatty acid transport in the heart of insulin resistant rats. Thus, L-thyroxine may have therapeutic value to help correct the impaired substrate metabolism associated with diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dora A Mendez
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, CA, USA.
| | - José G Soñanez-Organis
- Division of Science and Engineering, Department of Chemical Biological and Agropecuary Sciences, University of Sonora, Navojoa, SON, Mexico
| | - Xue Yang
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, CA, USA
| | - Guillermo Vazquez-Anaya
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, CA, USA
| | - Akira Nishiyama
- Department of Pharmacology, Kagawa University Medical School, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Rudy M Ortiz
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, CA, USA
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2
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Zhang M, Zheng X, Wang C, Li S. Data-independent acquisition combined with liquid chromatography mass spectrometry technique to detect prognostic protein markers in type I gastric neuroendocrine neoplasm. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2024; 38:e9849. [PMID: 38887896 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
RATIONALE This study used proteomics-based data-independent acquisition (DIA) technology with the aim of screening for differential expression proteins in type I gastric neuroendocrine neoplasm (g-NEN). METHODS Differential expression proteins in type I g-NEN and peritumoral tissues were screened using DIA with liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (DIA-LC/MS/MS). The identified proteins were then functionally analysed using bioinformatics methods. We selected the three most highly expressed proteins, combined with patients' clinical data, for prognostic analysis. RESULTS Compared with peritumoral tissues, 224 proteins were up-regulated, and 70 were down-regulated. The most significantly enriched biological processes and pathways were vacuolar proton-transporting V-type ATPase complex assembly and metabolism-related pathways. PCSK1, FBXO2, ACSL1, IRS2, and PTPRZ1 expression was markedly up-regulated in type I g-NENs. High IRS2 expression significantly correlated with a shorter time to recurrence. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides a comprehensive proteomic signature based on DIA-LC/MS/MS and highlights high IRS2 expression as a potential prognostic marker for type I gNENs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Xiuli Zheng
- Department of Endoscopy, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Chunyan Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Shengmian Li
- Division of Gastroenterology, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
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3
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Johansen A, Thiede B, Anonsen JH, Nilsson GE. Phosphoproteomic changes in response to anoxia are tissue-specific in the anoxia-tolerant crucian carp ( Carassius carassius). Front Physiol 2024; 15:1407834. [PMID: 38872833 PMCID: PMC11170284 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1407834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Crucian carp (Carassius carassius), a freshwater fish, can survive chronic anoxia for several months at low temperatures. Consequently, anoxia-related physiological and biochemical adaptations in this species have been studied for more than half a century. Still, despite for the well-known role of protein phosphorylation in regulating cellular processes, no studies have comprehensively characterized the phosphoproteome in crucian carp. In this study, we report the global phosphoproteome in crucian carp brain and liver during anoxia and reoxygenation. By applying a bottom-up proteomic approach on enriched phosphopeptides we found that the brain phosphoproteome shows surprisingly few changes during anoxia-reoxygenation exposure with only 109 out of 4200 phosphopeptides being differentially changed compared to normoxic controls. By contrast, in the liver 395 out of 1287 phosphopeptides changed. Although most changes occurred in the liver phosphoproteome, the pattern of changes indicated metabolic depression and decreased translation in both brain and liver. We also found changes in phosphoproteins involved in apoptotic regulation and reactive oxygen species handling in both tissues. In the brain, some of the most changed phosphopeptides belonged to proteins involved in central nervous system development and neuronal activity at the synaptic cleft. Changed phosphoproteins specific for liver tissue were related to glucose metabolism, such as glycolytic flux and glycogenolysis. In conclusion, protein phosphorylation in response to anoxia and reoxygenation showed both common and tissue-specific changes related to the functional differences between brain and liver.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bernd Thiede
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan Haug Anonsen
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian Research Centre AS, Climate and Environment Department, Stavanger, Norway
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Ma D, Chen J, Shi Y, Gao H, Wei Z, Fan J, Wang L. Dysregulation of TCONS_00006091 contributes to the elevated risk of oral squamous cell carcinoma by upregulating SNAI1, IRS and HMGA2. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9616. [PMID: 38671227 PMCID: PMC11053020 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60310-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to study the role of TCONS_00006091 in the pathogenesis of oral squamous cellular carcinoma (OSCC) transformed from oral lichen planus (OLP). This study recruited 108 OSCC patients which transformed from OLP as the OSCC group and 102 OLP patients with no sign of OSCC as the Control group. ROC curves were plotted to measure the diagnostic values of TCONS_00006091, miR-153, miR-370 and let-7g, and the changes in gene expressions were measured by RT-qPCR. Sequence analysis and luciferase assays were performed to analyze the molecular relationships among these genes. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were observed via MTT and FCM. TCONS_00006091 exhibited a better diagnosis value for OSCC transformed from OLP. OSCC group showed increased TCONS_00006091 expression and decreased expressions of miR-153, miR-370 and let-7g. The levels of SNAI1, IRS and HMGA2 was all significantly increased in OSCC patients. And TCONS_00006091 was found to sponge miR-153, miR-370 and let-7g, while these miRNAs were respectively found to targe SNAI1, IRS and HMGA2. The elevated TCONS_00006091 suppressed the expressions of miR-153, miR-370 and let-7g, leading to the increased expression of SNAI1, IRS and HMGA2. Also, promoted cell proliferation and suppressed apoptosis were observed upon the over-expression of TCONS_00006091. This study demonstrated that the expressions of miR-153, miR-370 and let-7g were down-regulated by the highly expressed TCONS_00006091 in OSCC patients, which accordingly up-regulated the expressions of SNAI1, IRS and HMGA2, resulting in the promoted cell proliferation and suppressed cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danhua Ma
- Department of Stomatology, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, No. 41 Northwest Street, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jijun Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, No. 41 Northwest Street, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuyuan Shi
- Department of Stomatology, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, No. 41 Northwest Street, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongyan Gao
- Department of Stomatology, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, No. 41 Northwest Street, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhen Wei
- Department of Stomatology, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, No. 41 Northwest Street, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiayan Fan
- Department of Stomatology, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, No. 41 Northwest Street, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, No. 41 Northwest Street, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, China.
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Chen X, Cao M, Yuan C, Luo Y, Wang N, Liu K, Chen T, Chen L, Zhang B, Li C, Zhou X. Follicular fluid exosomes inhibit expression of BTG2 and promote glucose uptake in granulosa cells by delivering miR-21-5p. Theriogenology 2024; 218:45-55. [PMID: 38301506 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2024.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Glucose metabolism in granulosa cells (GCs) is essential for follicle development and oocyte maturation. Porcine follicular fluid exosomes promote the proliferation of porcine GCs and the synthesis of steroid hormones. However, their role in regulating glucose uptake in GCs is unclear. The objective of this study was to elucidate the effects of porcine follicular fluid exosomes on glucose uptake in porcine GCs and the intrinsic mechanisms involved. First, transcriptome sequencing revealed that glucose metabolism-related pathways were altered in GCs treated with follicular fluid exosomes. Next, in vitro culture experiments showed that glucose uptake was increased and the IRS1/AKT signaling pathway was activated in GCs after treatment with follicular fluid exosomes. Finally, miRNA sequencing of follicular fluid exosomes revealed that miR-21-5p was the most abundant miRNA. Subsequent investigations indicated that miR-21-5p promoted glucose uptake in GCs by targeting BTG2, which activated the IRS1/AKT signaling pathway. In conclusion, the findings of this study indicate that porcine follicular fluid exosomes promote glucose uptake in porcine GCs by delivering miR-21-5p, which inhibits the expression of BTG2, activating the IRS1/AKT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Chen
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China.
| | - Maosheng Cao
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China.
| | - Chenfeng Yuan
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China.
| | - Yuxin Luo
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China.
| | - Nan Wang
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China.
| | - Kening Liu
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China.
| | - Tong Chen
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China.
| | - Lu Chen
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China.
| | - Boqi Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China.
| | - Chunjin Li
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China.
| | - Xu Zhou
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China.
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Yu F, Huang D, Kuang Y, Dong J, Han Q, Zhou J, Teng X. IRS1 promotes thyroid cancer metastasis through EMT and PI3K/AKT pathways. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2024; 100:284-293. [PMID: 38172081 DOI: 10.1111/cen.15005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Insulin receptor substract 1 (IRS1) protein is an important signal transduction adapter for extracellular signal transduction from insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor and its family members to IRS1 downstream proteins. IRS1 has been reported to be involved in tumourigenesis and metastasis in some of solid tumors. Investigating the role of IRS1 in thyroid cancer can help to screen high risk patients at the initial diagnosis. DESIGN, PATIENTS AND MEASUREMENTS Immunohistochemical assay was used to detect the expression levels of IRS1 in 131 metastatic thyroid cancer tissues. Wound healing, cell invasion and colony formation assays were used to study the functions of IRS1 in vitro. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and Western blot analysis analyses were performed to examine the underlying regulation mechanisms of IRS1 in thyroid cancer cells. RESULTS IRS1 was highly expressed in thyroid cancers and its expression was positively associated with distant metastasis and advanced clinical stages. In vitro studies demonstrated that IRS1 is an important mediator of migration, invasion and colony formation of thyroid cancer cells. RNA-seq showed that IRS1 promoted the metastasis of thyroid cancer by regulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathway. CONCLUSIONS IRS1 overexpression contributes to the aggressiveness of thyroid cancer and is expected to be a stratified marker and a potential therapeutic target for thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Yu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dongdong Huang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yeye Kuang
- Biomedical Research Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian Dong
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingmei Han
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaodong Teng
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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7
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Chen L, Taniguchi H, Bagnicka E. Microproteomic-Based Analysis of the Goat Milk Protein Synthesis Network and Casein Production Evaluation. Foods 2024; 13:619. [PMID: 38397596 PMCID: PMC10887518 DOI: 10.3390/foods13040619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Goat milk has been consumed by humans since ancient times and is highly nutritious. Its quality is mainly determined by its casein content. Milk protein synthesis is controlled by a complex network with many signal pathways. Therefore, the aim of our study is to clearly depict the signal pathways involved in milk protein synthesis in goat mammary epithelial cells (GMECs) using state-of-the-art microproteomic techniques and to identify the key genes involved in the signal pathway. The microproteomic analysis identified more than 2253 proteins, with 323 pathways annotated from the identified proteins. Knockdown of IRS1 expression significantly influenced goat casein composition (α, β, and κ); therefore, this study also examined the insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) gene more closely. A total of 12 differential expression proteins (DEPs) were characterized as upregulated or downregulated in the IRS1-silenced sample compared to the negative control. The enrichment and signal pathways of these DEPs in GMECs were identified using GO annotation and KEGG, as well as KOG analysis. Our findings expand our understanding of the functional genes involved in milk protein synthesis in goats, paving the way for new approaches for modifying casein content for the dairy goat industry and milk product development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- Department of Biotechnology and Nutrigenomics, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-552 Jastrzębiec, Poland
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China
| | - Hiroaki Taniguchi
- Department of Experimental Embryology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-552 Jastrzębiec, Poland;
- African Genome Center, University Mohammed VI Polytechnic (UM6P), Lot 660, Hay Moulay Rachid, Ben Guerir 43150, Morocco
| | - Emilia Bagnicka
- Department of Biotechnology and Nutrigenomics, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-552 Jastrzębiec, Poland
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Szablewski L. Changes in Cells Associated with Insulin Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2397. [PMID: 38397072 PMCID: PMC10889819 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Insulin is a polypeptide hormone synthesized and secreted by pancreatic β-cells. It plays an important role as a metabolic hormone. Insulin influences the metabolism of glucose, regulating plasma glucose levels and stimulating glucose storage in organs such as the liver, muscles and adipose tissue. It is involved in fat metabolism, increasing the storage of triglycerides and decreasing lipolysis. Ketone body metabolism also depends on insulin action, as insulin reduces ketone body concentrations and influences protein metabolism. It increases nitrogen retention, facilitates the transport of amino acids into cells and increases the synthesis of proteins. Insulin also inhibits protein breakdown and is involved in cellular growth and proliferation. On the other hand, defects in the intracellular signaling pathways of insulin may cause several disturbances in human metabolism, resulting in several chronic diseases. Insulin resistance, also known as impaired insulin sensitivity, is due to the decreased reaction of insulin signaling for glucose levels, seen when glucose use in response to an adequate concentration of insulin is impaired. Insulin resistance may cause, for example, increased plasma insulin levels. That state, called hyperinsulinemia, impairs metabolic processes and is observed in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity. Hyperinsulinemia may increase the risk of initiation, progression and metastasis of several cancers and may cause poor cancer outcomes. Insulin resistance is a health problem worldwide; therefore, mechanisms of insulin resistance, causes and types of insulin resistance and strategies against insulin resistance are described in this review. Attention is also paid to factors that are associated with the development of insulin resistance, the main and characteristic symptoms of particular syndromes, plus other aspects of severe insulin resistance. This review mainly focuses on the description and analysis of changes in cells due to insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leszek Szablewski
- Chair and Department of General Biology and Parasitology, Medical University of Warsaw, Chałubińskiego Str. 5, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland
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Li X, Li W, Zhang S, Sang W, Peng Y, Zhao Y. RNA interference against the putative insulin receptor substrate gene IRS1 affects growth and development in the pest natural enemy Pardosa pseudoannulata. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024; 80:648-660. [PMID: 37756442 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin signalling pathways play crucial roles in regulating growth and development in insects, but their effects on the growth and development of Arachnids, such as spiders, have rarely been studied. As a valuable pest natural enemy in agricultural fields, the molecular mechanisms of insulin signalling pathway-mediated growth and development of the wolf spider, Pardosa pseudoannulata, are of particular interest. RESULTS In this study, we identified and characterized six insulin signalling pathway genes - InR, InR2, IRS1, PI3K1, PI3K2, and PDK - in Pardosa pseudoannulata. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction results were used to analyse the relative expression levels of the six genes in different developmental instars and tissues, and in response to starvation treatment. In addition, the function of the insulin receptor substrate (IRS1) gene was investigated using RNA interference technology, which found that IRS1 significantly influenced nutrient content, developmental duration, body weight, and gonad development. CONCLUSION This study revealed the roles of six key insulin signalling pathway genes in Pardosa pseudoannulata, and in particular the importance of the IRS1 gene in regulating growth and development in the spider. The results lay the foundation for further research on the internal regulation mechanisms of growth and development in Araneae species, and also provide a reference for the artificial breeding of spiders. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Regional Development and Environmental Response, Faculty of Resources and Environmental Science, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shichang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wen Sang
- College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Peng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Regional Development and Environmental Response, Faculty of Resources and Environmental Science, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
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Bhattacharya K, Dey R, Sen D, Paul N, Basak AK, Purkait MP, Shukla N, Chaudhuri GR, Bhattacharya A, Maiti R, Adhikary K, Chatterjee P, Karak P, Syamal AK. Polycystic ovary syndrome and its management: In view of oxidative stress. Biomol Concepts 2024; 15:bmc-2022-0038. [PMID: 38242137 DOI: 10.1515/bmc-2022-0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
In the past two decades, oxidative stress (OS) has drawn a lot of interest due to the revelation that individuals with many persistent disorders including diabetes, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), cardiovascular, and other disorders often have aberrant oxidation statuses. OS has a close interplay with PCOS features such as insulin resistance, hyperandrogenism, and chronic inflammation; there is a belief that OS might contribute to the development of PCOS. PCOS is currently recognized as not only one of the most prevalent endocrine disorders but also a significant contributor to female infertility, affecting a considerable proportion of women globally. Therefore, the understanding of the relationship between OS and PCOS is crucial to the development of therapeutic and preventive strategies for PCOS. Moreover, the mechanistic study of intracellular reactive oxygen species/ reactive nitrogen species formation and its possible interaction with women's reproductive health is required, which includes complex enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant systems. Apart from that, our current review includes possible regulation of the pathogenesis of OS. A change in lifestyle, including physical activity, various supplements that boost antioxidant levels, particularly vitamins, and the usage of medicinal herbs, is thought to be the best way to combat this occurrence of OS and improve the pathophysiologic conditions associated with PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koushik Bhattacharya
- School of Paramedics and Allied Health Sciences, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Khurda Road, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Rajen Dey
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Swami Vivekananda University, Barrackpore, West Bengal, India
| | - Debanjana Sen
- Post-Graduate Department of Physiology, Hooghly Mohsin College, Chinsurah, West-Bengal, India
| | - Nimisha Paul
- Department of General Human Physiology and Biochemistry, Hitkarini Dental College and Hospital, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Asim Kumar Basak
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Brainware University, Barasat, West-Bengal, India
| | | | - Nandini Shukla
- Department of Anatomy, Pt. J.N.M. Medical College, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Gargi Ray Chaudhuri
- Department of Physiotherapy, Nopany Institute of Health Care Studies, Kolkata, West-Bengal, India
| | - Aniruddha Bhattacharya
- Department of Physiology, International Medical School, Management and Science University, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rajkumar Maiti
- Department of Physiology, Bankura Christian College, Bankura, West Bengal, India
| | - Krishnendu Adhikary
- Department of Interdisciplinary Science, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Khurda Road, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Prity Chatterjee
- Department of Biotechnology, Paramedical College, Durgapur, West Bengal, India
| | - Prithviraj Karak
- Department of Physiology, Bankura Christian College, Bankura, West Bengal, India
| | - Alak Kumar Syamal
- Post-Graduate Department of Physiology, Hooghly Mohsin College, Chinsurah, West-Bengal, India
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Mehmetbeyoglu E, Duman A, Taheri S, Ozkul Y, Rassoulzadegan M. From Data to Insights: Machine Learning Empowers Prognostic Biomarker Prediction in Autism. J Pers Med 2023; 13:1713. [PMID: 38138941 PMCID: PMC10744627 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13121713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) poses significant challenges to society and science due to its impact on communication, social interaction, and repetitive behavior patterns in affected children. The Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring (ADDM) Network continuously monitors ASD prevalence and characteristics. In 2020, ASD prevalence was estimated at 1 in 36 children, with higher rates than previous estimates. This study focuses on ongoing ASD research conducted by Erciyes University. Serum samples from 45 ASD patients and 21 unrelated control participants were analyzed to assess the expression of 372 microRNAs (miRNAs). Six miRNAs (miR-19a-3p, miR-361-5p, miR-3613-3p, miR-150-5p, miR-126-3p, and miR-499a-5p) exhibited significant downregulation in all ASD patients compared to healthy controls. The current study endeavors to identify dependable diagnostic biomarkers for ASD, addressing the pressing need for non-invasive, accurate, and cost-effective diagnostic tools, as current methods are subjective and time-intensive. A pivotal discovery in this study is the potential diagnostic value of miR-126-3p, offering the promise of earlier and more accurate ASD diagnoses, potentially leading to improved intervention outcomes. Leveraging machine learning, such as the K-nearest neighbors (KNN) model, presents a promising avenue for precise ASD diagnosis using miRNA biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ecmel Mehmetbeyoglu
- Department of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
- Betul-Ziya Eren Genome and Stem Cell Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38280, Turkey; (S.T.); (Y.O.); (M.R.)
| | - Abdulkerim Duman
- School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UK;
| | - Serpil Taheri
- Betul-Ziya Eren Genome and Stem Cell Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38280, Turkey; (S.T.); (Y.O.); (M.R.)
- Department of Medical Biology, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38280, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Ozkul
- Betul-Ziya Eren Genome and Stem Cell Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38280, Turkey; (S.T.); (Y.O.); (M.R.)
- Department of Medical Genetics, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38280, Turkey
| | - Minoo Rassoulzadegan
- Betul-Ziya Eren Genome and Stem Cell Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38280, Turkey; (S.T.); (Y.O.); (M.R.)
- Inserm-CNRS, Université Côte d’Azur, 06107 Nice, France
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12
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Ahmed M, Biswas T, Mondal S. The strategic involvement of IRS in cancer progression. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 680:141-160. [PMID: 37738904 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Insulin Receptor Substrate (IRS), an intracellular molecule devoid of an intrinsic kinase activity, is activated upon binding to IR which thereby works as a scaffold, organizing all signaling complexes and initiating the signaling process downstream. The level of IRS proteins and their stability in the cell is mostly maintained through the phosphorylation status of their tyrosine and serine residues. IRS is positively regulated by phosphorylation of its Tyr residues whereas a Ser residue phosphorylation attenuates it, although there exist some exceptions as well. Other post-translational modifications like O-linked glycosylation, N-linked glycosylation and acetylation also play a prominent role in IRS regulation. Since the discovery of the Warburg effect, people have been curious to find out all possible signaling networks and molecules that could lead to cancer and no doubt, the insulin signaling pathway is identified as one such pathway, which is highly deregulated in cancers. Eminent studies reveal that IRS is a pertinent regulator of cancer and is highly overexpressed in the five most commonly occurring cancers namely- Prostate, Ovarian, Breast, Colon and Lung cancers. IRS1 and IRS2 family members are actively involved in the progression, invasion and metastasis of these cancers. Recently, less studied IRS4 has also emerged as a contributor in ovarian, breast, colorectal and lung cancer, but no such studies related to IRS4 are found in Prostate cancer. The involvement of other IRS family members in cancer is still undiscovered and so paves the way for further exploration. This review is a time-lapse study of IRSs in the context of cancer done over the past two decades and it highlights all the major discoveries made till date, in these cancers from the perspective of IRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehnaz Ahmed
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata, 700073, West Bengal, India
| | - Tannishtha Biswas
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata, 700073, West Bengal, India
| | - Susmita Mondal
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata, 700073, West Bengal, India.
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13
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Vemana HP, Dukhande VV. The effect of hormones insulin and glucagon on ubiquitin modifications elucidated by proteomics in liver cells. Life Sci 2023; 329:121935. [PMID: 37442415 PMCID: PMC10528490 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Insulin action is intertwined with changing levels of glucose and counter-regulatory hormone glucagon. While insulin lowers blood sugar level, glucagon raises it by promoting the breakdown of the stored glycogen in liver and releases glucose into the bloodstream. The hormones insulin and glucagon are key in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Insulin resistance is a primary predisposing factor for diabetes. Phosphorylation of insulin signaling molecules is altered in the insulin-resistant state. However, ubiquitin (Ub) modifications in insulin-resistant state are relatively understudied. To dissect the underlying mechanisms, we performed a proteomics study on hepatoma cells to study the regulation of ubiquitination by insulin and glucagon. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed western blotting, immunoprecipitations, and affinity pull down using tandem Ub binding entities (TUBE) reagents on hepatoma cells treated with insulin or glucagon. Next, we performed MS/MS analysis on Ub-linkage specific affinity pull down samples. Gene ontology analysis and protein-protein interaction network analysis was performed using DAVID GO and STRING db, respectively. KEY FINDINGS The ubiquitination pattern of total Ub, K48-linked Ub, and K63-linked Ub was altered with the treatment of hormones insulin and glucagon. Ubiquitination in immunoprecipitated samples showed enrichment with total Ub and K48-linked Ub but not with K63-linked Ub. Ubiquitination by treatment with hormones mainly enriched key signaling pathways MAPK, Akt, oxidative stress etc. SIGNIFICANCE: Our study identified key altered proteins and signal transduction pathways which aids in understanding the mechanisms of hormonal action on ubiquitination and identify new therapeutic targets for T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hari Priya Vemana
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Vikas V Dukhande
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA.
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14
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Hammad SM, Lopes-Virella MF. Circulating Sphingolipids in Insulin Resistance, Diabetes and Associated Complications. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14015. [PMID: 37762318 PMCID: PMC10531201 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids play an important role in the development of diabetes, both type 1 and type 2 diabetes, as well as in the development of both micro- and macro-vascular complications. Several reviews have been published concerning the role of sphingolipids in diabetes but most of the emphasis has been on the possible mechanisms by which sphingolipids, mainly ceramides, contribute to the development of diabetes. Research on circulating levels of the different classes of sphingolipids in serum and in lipoproteins and their importance as biomarkers to predict not only the development of diabetes but also of its complications has only recently emerged and it is still in its infancy. This review summarizes the previously published literature concerning sphingolipid-mediated mechanisms involved in the development of diabetes and its complications, focusing on how circulating plasma sphingolipid levels and the relative content carried by the different lipoproteins may impact their role as possible biomarkers both in the development of diabetes and mainly in the development of diabetic complications. Further studies in this field may open new therapeutic avenues to prevent or arrest/reduce both the development of diabetes and progression of its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar M. Hammad
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Maria F. Lopes-Virella
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
- Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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15
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Nůsková H, Cortizo FG, Schwenker LS, Sachsenheimer T, Diakonov EE, Tiebe M, Schneider M, Lohbeck J, Reid C, Kopp-Schneider A, Helm D, Brügger B, Miller AK, Teleman AA. Competition for cysteine acylation by C16:0 and C18:0 derived lipids is a global phenomenon in the proteome. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105088. [PMID: 37495107 PMCID: PMC10470219 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
S-acylation is a reversible posttranslational protein modification consisting of attachment of a fatty acid to a cysteine via a thioester bond. Research over the last few years has shown that a variety of different fatty acids, such as palmitic acid (C16:0), stearate (C18:0), or oleate (C18:1), are used in cells to S-acylate proteins. We recently showed that GNAI proteins can be acylated on a single residue, Cys3, with either C16:0 or C18:1, and that the relative proportion of acylation with these fatty acids depends on the level of the respective fatty acid in the cell's environment. This has functional consequences for GNAI proteins, with the identity of the acylating fatty acid affecting the subcellular localization of GNAIs. Unclear is whether this competitive acylation is specific to GNAI proteins or a more general phenomenon in the proteome. We perform here a proteome screen to identify proteins acylated with different fatty acids. We identify 218 proteins acylated with C16:0 and 308 proteins acylated with C18-lipids, thereby uncovering novel targets of acylation. We find that most proteins that can be acylated by C16:0 can also be acylated with C18-fatty acids. For proteins with more than one acylation site, we find that this competitive acylation occurs on each individual cysteine residue. This raises the possibility that the function of many different proteins can be regulated by the lipid environment via differential S-acylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Nůsková
- Division of Signal Transduction in Cancer and Metabolism, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Fabiola Garcia Cortizo
- Division of Signal Transduction in Cancer and Metabolism, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lena Sophie Schwenker
- Division of Signal Transduction in Cancer and Metabolism, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Egor E Diakonov
- Division of Signal Transduction in Cancer and Metabolism, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marcel Tiebe
- Division of Signal Transduction in Cancer and Metabolism, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Schneider
- Mass Spectrometry Based Protein Analysis Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jasmin Lohbeck
- Research Group Cancer Drug Development, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carissa Reid
- Division of Biostatistics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Dominic Helm
- Mass Spectrometry Based Protein Analysis Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Britta Brügger
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center (BZH), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Aubry K Miller
- Research Group Cancer Drug Development, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Aurelio A Teleman
- Division of Signal Transduction in Cancer and Metabolism, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
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16
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Wang HY, Pei Z, Lee KC, Nikolov B, Doehner T, Puente J, Friedmann N, Burns LH. Simufilam suppresses overactive mTOR and restores its sensitivity to insulin in Alzheimer's disease patient lymphocytes. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2023; 4:1175601. [PMID: 37457922 PMCID: PMC10339288 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2023.1175601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Implicated in both aging and Alzheimer's disease (AD), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is overactive in AD brain and lymphocytes. Stimulated by growth factors such as insulin, mTOR monitors cell health and nutrient needs. A small molecule oral drug candidate for AD, simufilam targets an altered conformation of the scaffolding protein filamin A (FLNA) found in AD brain and lymphocytes that induces aberrant FLNA interactions leading to AD neuropathology. Simufilam restores FLNA's normal shape to disrupt its AD-associated protein interactions. Methods: We measured mTOR and its response to insulin in lymphocytes of AD patients before and after oral simufilam compared to healthy control lymphocytes. Results: mTOR was overactive and its response to insulin reduced in lymphocytes from AD versus healthy control subjects, illustrating another aspect of insulin resistance in AD. After oral simufilam, lymphocytes showed normalized basal mTOR activity and improved insulin-evoked mTOR activation in mTOR complex 1, complex 2, and upstream and downstream signaling components (Akt, p70S6K and phosphorylated Rictor). Suggesting mechanism, we showed that FLNA interacts with the insulin receptor until dissociation by insulin, but this linkage was elevated and its dissociation impaired in AD lymphocytes. Simufilam improved the insulin-mediated dissociation. Additionally, FLNA's interaction with Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog deleted on Chromosome 10 (PTEN), a negative regulator of mTOR, was reduced in AD lymphocytes and improved by simufilam. Discussion: Reducing mTOR's basal overactivity and its resistance to insulin represents another mechanism of simufilam to counteract aging and AD pathology. Simufilam is currently in Phase 3 clinical trials for AD dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoau-Yan Wang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, City University of New York School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Biology and Neuroscience, Graduate School of the City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
| | - Zhe Pei
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, City University of New York School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Kuo-Chieh Lee
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, City University of New York School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | | | | | - John Puente
- Cognitive Clinical Trials, Omaha, NE, United States
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17
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Szukiewicz D. Molecular Mechanisms for the Vicious Cycle between Insulin Resistance and the Inflammatory Response in Obesity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9818. [PMID: 37372966 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The comprehensive anabolic effects of insulin throughout the body, in addition to the control of glycemia, include ensuring lipid homeostasis and anti-inflammatory modulation, especially in adipose tissue (AT). The prevalence of obesity, defined as a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2, has been increasing worldwide on a pandemic scale with accompanying syndemic health problems, including glucose intolerance, insulin resistance (IR), and diabetes. Impaired tissue sensitivity to insulin or IR paradoxically leads to diseases with an inflammatory component despite hyperinsulinemia. Therefore, an excess of visceral AT in obesity initiates chronic low-grade inflammatory conditions that interfere with insulin signaling via insulin receptors (INSRs). Moreover, in response to IR, hyperglycemia itself stimulates a primarily defensive inflammatory response associated with the subsequent release of numerous inflammatory cytokines and a real threat of organ function deterioration. In this review, all components of this vicious cycle are characterized with particular emphasis on the interplay between insulin signaling and both the innate and adaptive immune responses related to obesity. Increased visceral AT accumulation in obesity should be considered the main environmental factor responsible for the disruption in the epigenetic regulatory mechanisms in the immune system, resulting in autoimmunity and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz Szukiewicz
- Department of Biophysics, Physiology & Pathophysiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland
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18
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Yoo J, Park JE, Han JS. HMC Ameliorates Hyperglycemia via Acting PI3K/AKT Pathway and Improving FOXO1 Pathway in ob/ob Mice. Nutrients 2023; 15:2023. [PMID: 37432173 DOI: 10.3390/nu15092023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is a disease characterized by hyperglycemia and is a growing health problem worldwide. Since many known diabetes drugs are side effects, it is necessary to develop natural substances with guaranteed safety. HM-chromanone isolated from Portulaca oleracea L. is a homoisoflavonoid compound. We investigated the effects of HM-chromanone on hyperglycemia and its mechanism in C57BL/6J ob/ob mice. C57BL/6J-Jms Slc mice were used as the control group, and C57BL/6J-ob/ob mice were divided into three groups: ob/ob (control), metformin (Met; positive control), and HM-chromanone (HMC). Fasting blood glucose was lower in the HMC group than those in the ob/ob group. Insulin resistance was improved by reducing HbA1c, plasma insulin, and HOMA-IR levels in the HMC group. HMC administration decreased the phosphorylation of IRS-1ser307 and increased the phosphorylation of IRS-1tyr612, PI3K, phosphorylation of AKTser473, and PM-GLUT4 in the skeletal muscles of ob/ob mice, indicating improved insulin signaling. HMC administration also increased the phosphorylation of FOXO1 in the liver of ob/ob mice. This inhibited PEPCK and G6pase involved in gluconeogenesis and regulated phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase 3β and glycogen synthase involved in glycogen synthesis. In conclusion, HM-chromanone ameliorates hyperglycemia by PI3K/AKT and improves the FOXO1 in ob/ob mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Yoo
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kimchi Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Eun Park
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kimchi Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Sook Han
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kimchi Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
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19
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Selven H, Busund LTR, Andersen S, Pedersen MI, Lombardi APG, Kilvaer TK. High Expression of IRS-1, RUNX3 and SMAD4 Are Positive Prognostic Factors in Stage I-III Colon Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15051448. [PMID: 36900240 PMCID: PMC10000923 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15051448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Colon cancer is a common malignancy and a major contributor to human morbidity and mortality. In this study, we explore the expression and prognostic impact of IRS-1, IRS-2, RUNx3, and SMAD4 in colon cancer. Furthermore, we elucidate their correlations with miRs 126, 17-5p, and 20a-5p, which are identified as potential regulators of these proteins. Tumor tissue from 452 patients operated for stage I-III colon cancer was retrospectively collected and assembled into tissue microarrays. Biomarkers' expressions were examined by immunohistochemistry and analyzed using digital pathology. In univariate analyses, high expression levels of IRS1 in stromal cytoplasm, RUNX3 in tumor (nucleus and cytoplasm) and stroma (nucleus and cytoplasm), and SMAD4 in tumor (nucleus and cytoplasm) and stromal cytoplasm were related to increased disease-specific survival (DSS). In multivariate analyses, high expression of IRS1 in stromal cytoplasm, RUNX3 in tumor nucleus and stromal cytoplasm, and high expression of SMAD4 in tumor and stromal cytoplasm remained independent predictors of improved DSS. Surprisingly, with the exception of weak correlations (0.2 < r < 0.25) between miR-126 and SMAD4, the investigated markers were mostly uncorrelated with the miRs. However, weak to moderate/strong correlations (0.3 < r < 0.6) were observed between CD3 and CD8 positive lymphocyte density and stromal RUNX3 expression. High expression levels of IRS1, RUNX3, and SMAD4 are positive prognostic factors in stage I-III colon cancer. Furthermore, stromal expression of RUNX3 is associated with increased lymphocyte density, suggesting that RUNX3 is an important mediator during recruitment and activation of immune cells in colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hallgeir Selven
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital of North Norway, 9038 Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9038 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Lill-Tove Rasmussen Busund
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of North Norway, 9038 Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Medical Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9038 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Sigve Andersen
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital of North Norway, 9038 Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9038 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Mona Irene Pedersen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9038 Tromsø, Norway
| | | | - Thomas Karsten Kilvaer
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital of North Norway, 9038 Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9038 Tromsø, Norway
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +47-905-24-635
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20
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Fujita T, Sakai K, Uehara N, Hoshi Y, Mori A, Koyama H, Sato M, Saito K, Osaki Y, Nishio K, Doi K. Genetic variants of cancer‑associated genes analyzed using next‑generation sequencing in small sporadic vestibular schwannomas. Oncol Lett 2023; 25:121. [PMID: 36844630 PMCID: PMC9950330 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2023.13707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Vestibular schwannoma (VS) is the most common tumor of the cerebellopontine angle. Despite the increasing diagnosis of sporadic VS over the past decade, the use of traditional microsurgeries to treat VS has decreased. This is likely a result of the adoption of serial imaging as the most common initial evaluation and treatment strategy, especially for small-sized VS. However, the pathobiology of VSs remains unclear, and elucidating the genetic information of tumor tissue may reveal novel insights. The present study performed a comprehensive genomic analysis of all exons in the key tumor suppressor and oncogenes from 10 small (<15 mm) sporadic VS samples. The evaluations identified NF2, SYNE1, IRS2, APC, CIC, SDHC, BRAF, NUMA1, EXT2, HRAS, BCL11B, MAGI1, RNF123, NLRP1, ASXL1, ADAMTS20, TAF1L, XPC, DDB2 and ETS1 as mutated genes. The current study could not draw any new conclusions about the relationship between VS-related hearing loss and gene mutations; however, it did reveal that NF2 was the most frequently mutated gene in small sporadic VS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Fujita
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan,Correspondence to: Dr Takeshi Fujita, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunokicho, Chuoku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan, E-mail:
| | - Kazuko Sakai
- Department of Genome Biology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan
| | - Natsumi Uehara
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan
| | - Yujiro Hoshi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Mitsui Memorial Hospital, Tokyo 101-8643, Japan
| | - Anjin Mori
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, NTT Medical Center Tokyo, Tokyo 141-8625, Japan
| | - Hajime Koyama
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Sato
- Department of Otolaryngology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan
| | - Kazuya Saito
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Izumi City General Hospital, Izumi, Osaka 594-0073, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Osaki
- Department of Otolaryngology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan
| | - Kazuto Nishio
- Department of Genome Biology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan
| | - Katsumi Doi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan
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21
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Cannabinoids Transmogrify Cancer Metabolic Phenotype via Epigenetic Reprogramming and a Novel CBD Biased G Protein-Coupled Receptor Signaling Platform. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15041030. [PMID: 36831374 PMCID: PMC9954791 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The concept of epigenetic reprogramming predicts long-term functional health effects. This reprogramming can be activated by exogenous or endogenous insults, leading to altered healthy and different disease states. The exogenous or endogenous changes that involve developing a roadmap of epigenetic networking, such as drug components on epigenetic imprinting and restoring epigenome patterns laid down during embryonic development, are paramount to establishing youthful cell type and health. This epigenetic landscape is considered one of the hallmarks of cancer. The initiation and progression of cancer are considered to involve epigenetic abnormalities and genetic alterations. Cancer epigenetics have shown extensive reprogramming of every component of the epigenetic machinery in cancer development, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, nucleosome positioning, non-coding RNAs, and microRNA expression. Endocannabinoids are natural lipid molecules whose levels are regulated by specific biosynthetic and degradative enzymes. They bind to and activate two primary cannabinoid receptors, type 1 (CB1) and type 2 (CB2), and together with their metabolizing enzymes, form the endocannabinoid system. This review focuses on the role of cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2 signaling in activating numerous receptor tyrosine kinases and Toll-like receptors in the induction of epigenetic landscape alterations in cancer cells, which might transmogrify cancer metabolism and epigenetic reprogramming to a metastatic phenotype. Strategies applied from conception could represent an innovative epigenetic target for preventing and treating human cancer. Here, we describe novel cannabinoid-biased G protein-coupled receptor signaling platforms (GPCR), highlighting putative future perspectives in this field.
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22
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Zhang X, Varma S, Yee D. Suppression of Insulin Receptor Substrate 1 Inhibits Breast Cancer Growth In Vitro and in Female Athymic Mice. Endocrinology 2023; 164:bqac214. [PMID: 36610717 PMCID: PMC10091499 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqac214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Targeting the type I insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-IR) has not been successful in breast cancer. Data suggest the highly homologous insulin receptor (IR) may be an alternate growth stimulatory pathway used by cancer cells. Since both receptors phosphorylate the insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) protein as an immediate consequence of ligand binding, disruption of both receptors could be accomplished by suppression of IRS-1. IRS-1 gene deletion by CRISPR/Cas9 editing resulted in suppression of IGF-I, insulin, and estrogen-stimulated growth in hormone-dependent MCF-7L breast cancer cells. A doxycycline-inducible IRS-1 shRNA lentiviral construct was also used to infect MCF-7L breast cancer cells. IRS-1 shRNA downregulation resulted in decreased responses to IGF-I, insulin, and estradiol in monolayer and anchorage-independent growth assays. Decreased IRS-1 levels also suppressed estradiol-stimulated gene expression and estrogen receptor binding to DNA. Xenograft growth was also inhibited by induction of IRS-1 shRNA. These data show that IRS-1 is a critical regulator of endocrine responsive breast cancer. Efforts to target this adaptor protein could have broader growth inhibitory effects and receptor targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xihong Zhang
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Sidhant Varma
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Douglas Yee
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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23
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Targeting IRS-1/2 in Uveal Melanoma Inhibits In Vitro Cell Growth, Survival and Migration, and In Vivo Tumor Growth. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14246247. [PMID: 36551732 PMCID: PMC9777326 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14246247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Uveal melanoma originating in the eye and metastasizing to the liver is associated with poor prognosis and has only one approved therapeutic option. We hypothesized that liver-borne growth factors may contribute to UM growth. Therefore, we investigated the role of IGF-1/IGF-1R signaling in UM. Here, we found that IRS-1, the insulin receptor substrate, is overexpressed in both UM cells and tumors. Since we previously observed that IGF-1R antibody therapy was not clinically effective in UM, we investigated the potential of NT157, a small molecule inhibitor of IRS-1/2, in blocking this pathway in UM. NT157 treatment of multiple UM cell lines resulted in reduced cell growth and migration and increased apoptosis. This treatment also significantly inhibited UM tumor growth in vivo, in the chicken egg chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) and subcutaneous mouse models, validating the in vitro effect. Mechanistically, through reverse phase protein array (RPPA), we identified significant proteomic changes in the PI3K/AKT pathway, a downstream mediator of IGF-1 signaling, with NT157 treatment. Together, these results suggest that NT157 inhibits cell growth, survival, and migration in vitro, and tumor growth in vivo via inhibiting IGF-1 signaling in UM.
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Jiménez-Cortegana C, Hontecillas-Prieto L, García-Domínguez DJ, Zapata F, Palazón-Carrión N, Sánchez-León ML, Tami M, Pérez-Pérez A, Sánchez-Jiménez F, Vilariño-García T, de la Cruz-Merino L, Sánchez-Margalet V. Obesity and Risk for Lymphoma: Possible Role of Leptin. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:15530. [PMID: 36555171 PMCID: PMC9779026 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity, which is considered a pandemic due to its high prevalence, is a risk factor for many types of cancers, including lymphoma, through a variety of mechanisms by promoting an inflammatory state. Specifically, over the last few decades, obesity has been suggested not only to increase the risk of lymphoma but also to be associated with poor clinical outcomes and worse responses to different treatments for those diseases. Within the extensive range of proinflammatory mediators that adipose tissue releases, leptin has been demonstrated to be a key adipokine due to its pleotropic effects in many physiological systems and diseases. In this sense, different studies have analyzed leptin levels and leptin/leptin receptor expressions as a probable bridge between obesity and lymphomas. Since both obesity and lymphomas are prevalent pathophysiological conditions worldwide and their incidences have increased over the last few years, here we review the possible role of leptin as a promising proinflammatory mediator promoting lymphomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Jiménez-Cortegana
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Oncology Service, Department of Medicines, School of Medicine, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Lourdes Hontecillas-Prieto
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
- Oncology Service, Department of Medicines, School of Medicine, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Daniel J. García-Domínguez
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
- Oncology Service, Department of Medicines, School of Medicine, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Fernando Zapata
- Oncology Service, Department of Medicines, School of Medicine, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Natalia Palazón-Carrión
- Oncology Service, Department of Medicines, School of Medicine, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - María L. Sánchez-León
- Oncology Service, Department of Medicines, School of Medicine, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Malika Tami
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
- Oncology Service, Department of Medicines, School of Medicine, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Antonio Pérez-Pérez
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Flora Sánchez-Jiménez
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Teresa Vilariño-García
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Luis de la Cruz-Merino
- Oncology Service, Department of Medicines, School of Medicine, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Víctor Sánchez-Margalet
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
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The insulin and IGF signaling pathway sustains breast cancer stem cells by IRS2/PI3K-mediated regulation of MYC. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111759. [PMID: 36476848 PMCID: PMC9793643 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the strong association of the insulin/insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling (IIS) pathway with tumor initiation, recurrence, and metastasis, the mechanism by which this pathway regulates cancer progression is not well understood. Here, we report that IIS supports breast cancer stem cell (CSC) self-renewal in an IRS2-phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-dependent manner that involves the activation and stabilization of MYC. IRS2-PI3K signaling enhances MYC expression through the inhibition of GSK3β activity and suppression of MYC phosphorylation on threonine 58, thus reducing proteasome-mediated degradation of MYC and sustaining active pS62-MYC function. A stable T58A-Myc mutant rescues CSC function in Irs2-/- cells, supporting the role of this MYC stabilization in IRS2-dependent CSC regulation. These findings establish a mechanistic connection between the IIS pathway and MYC and highlight a role for IRS2-dependent signaling in breast cancer progression.
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Hsieh HH, Yao H, Ma Y, Zhang Y, Xiao X, Stephens H, Wajahat N, Chung SS, Xu L, Xu J, Rampal RK, Huang LJS. Epo-IGF1R cross talk expands stress-specific progenitors in regenerative erythropoiesis and myeloproliferative neoplasm. Blood 2022; 140:2371-2384. [PMID: 36054916 PMCID: PMC9837451 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2022016741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
We found that in regenerative erythropoiesis, the erythroid progenitor landscape is reshaped, and a previously undescribed progenitor population with colony-forming unit-erythroid (CFU-E) activity (stress CFU-E [sCFU-E]) is expanded markedly to restore the erythron. sCFU-E cells are targets of erythropoietin (Epo), and sCFU-E expansion requires signaling from the Epo receptor (EpoR) cytoplasmic tyrosines. Molecularly, Epo promotes sCFU-E expansion via JAK2- and STAT5-dependent expression of IRS2, thus engaging the progrowth signaling from the IGF1 receptor (IGF1R). Inhibition of IGF1R and IRS2 signaling impairs sCFU-E cell growth, whereas exogenous IRS2 expression rescues cell growth in sCFU-E expressing truncated EpoR-lacking cytoplasmic tyrosines. This sCFU-E pathway is the major pathway involved in erythrocytosis driven by the oncogenic JAK2 mutant JAK2(V617F) in myeloproliferative neoplasm. Inability to expand sCFU-E cells by truncated EpoR protects against JAK2(V617F)-driven erythrocytosis. In samples from patients with myeloproliferative neoplasm, the number of sCFU-E-like cells increases, and inhibition of IGR1R and IRS2 signaling blocks Epo-hypersensitive erythroid cell colony formation. In summary, we identified a new stress-specific erythroid progenitor cell population that links regenerative erythropoiesis to pathogenic erythrocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsi-Hsien Hsieh
- Department of Cell Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Huiyu Yao
- Department of Cell Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Yue Ma
- Department of Cell Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Yuannyu Zhang
- Children’s Medical Center Research Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Xue Xiao
- Department of Population and Data Sciences, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Helen Stephens
- Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Naureen Wajahat
- Department of Cell Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Stephen S. Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Lin Xu
- Department of Population and Data Sciences, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Jian Xu
- Children’s Medical Center Research Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
- Department of Pediatrics, Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center and Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Raajit K. Rampal
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
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Correlation Study on the Expression of INSR, IRS-1, and PD-L1 in Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:5233222. [PMID: 36245982 PMCID: PMC9553505 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5233222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective To study the expression and correlation of insulin receptor (INSR), insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), and programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) in nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods 45 lung cancer tissues and 30 adjacent normal tissues of NSCLC patients diagnosed in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University from June 2019 to August 2020 were selected. The expressions of INSR, IRS-1, and PD-L1 proteins in tumor tissues and adjacent tissues of NSCLC were detected by immunohistochemical staining. Results The expression of INSR and IRS-1 in NSCLC was significantly higher than that in adjacent normal lung tissue (P < 0.05). INSR expression had statistical significance with the degree of pathological differentiation of nonsmall cell carcinoma (P = 0.031), but had no significant association with age, gender, pathological type, TNM stage, and lymph node metastasis status (P > 0.05). There was no significant correlation between IRS-1 positive expression and NSCLC patients' age, gender, pathological typing, degree of differentiation, TNM stage, and lymph node metastasis (P > 0.05). PD-L1 positive expression was correlated with lymph node metastasis of NSCLC (P = 0.028), while there was no significant correlation with gender, age, pathological type, TNM stage, and pathological differentiation degree of NSCLC patients (P > 0.05). Spearman correlation analysis showed that PD-L1 protein expression had a significant positive correlation with IRS-1 protein expression (r = 0.373), but was not correlated with the expression of INSR protein. Conclusion IRS-1 may be involved in the regulation of PD-L1 expression and mediate the occurrence of tumor immune escape, which is expected to become a new target for NSCLC immunotherapy and provide new clinical evidence for immunosuppressive therapy.
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Park JE, Han JS. HM-Chromanone, a Major Homoisoflavonoid in Portulaca oleracea L., Improves Palmitate-Induced Insulin Resistance by Regulating Phosphorylation of IRS-1 Residues in L6 Skeletal Muscle Cells. Nutrients 2022; 14:3815. [PMID: 36145191 PMCID: PMC9504146 DOI: 10.3390/nu14183815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of (E)-5-hydroxy-7-methoxy-3-(2-hydroxybenzyl)-4-chromanone (HM-chromanone) on palmitate-induced insulin resistance and elucidated the underlying mechanism in L6 skeletal muscle cells. Glucose uptake was markedly decreased due to palmitate-induced insulin resistance in these cells; however, 10, 25, and 50 µM HM-chromanone remarkably improved glucose uptake in a concentration-dependent manner. HM-chromanone treatment downregulated protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) and phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit beta (IKKβ), which increased because of palmitate mediating the insulin-resistance status in cells. HM-chromanone promoted insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) tyrosine phosphorylation and suppressed palmitate-induced phosphorylation of IRS-1 serine. This activated phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and stimulated protein kinase B (AKT) phosphorylation. Phosphorylated AKT promoted the translocation of Glucose transporter type 4 to the plasma membrane and significantly enhanced glucose uptake into muscle cells. Additionally, HM-chromanone increased glycogen synthesis through phosphorylating glycogen synthase kinase 3 alpha/beta (GSK3 α/β) via AKT. Consequently, HM-chromanone may improve insulin resistance by downregulating the phosphorylation of IRS-1 serine through inhibition of negative regulators of insulin signaling and inflammation-activated protein kinases in L6 skeletal muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ji-Sook Han
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
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Hu JL, Yierfulati G, Wang LL, Yang BY, Lv QY, Chen XJ. Identification of potential models for predicting progestin insensitivity in patients with endometrial atypical hyperplasia and endometrioid endometrial cancer based on ATAC-Seq and RNA-Seq integrated analysis. Front Genet 2022; 13:952083. [PMID: 36092919 PMCID: PMC9459090 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.952083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to establish predictive models based on the molecular profiles of endometrial lesions, which might help identify progestin-insensitive endometrial atypical hyperplasia (EAH) or endometrioid endometrial cancer (EEC) patients before progestin-based fertility-preserving treatment initiation. Methods: Endometrial lesions from progestin-sensitive (PS, n = 7) and progestin-insensitive (PIS, n = 7) patients were prospectively collected before progestin treatment and then analyzed by ATAC-Seq and RNA-Seq. Potential chromatin accessibility and expression profiles were compared between the PS and PIS groups. Candidate genes were identified by bioinformatics analyses and literature review. Then expanded samples (n = 35) were used for validating bioinformatics data and conducting model establishment. Results: ATAC-Seq and RNA-Seq data were separately analyzed and then integrated for the subsequent research. A total of 230 overlapping differentially expressed genes were acquired from ATAC-Seq and RNA-Seq integrated analysis. Further, based on GO analysis, REACTOME pathways, transcription factor prediction, motif enrichment, Cytoscape analysis and literature review, 25 candidate genes potentially associated with progestin insensitivity were identified. Finally, expanded samples were used for data verification, and based on these data, three predictive models comprising 9 genes (FOXO1, IRS2, PDGFC, DIO2, SOX9, BCL11A, APOE, FYN, and KLF4) were established with an overall predictive accuracy above 90%. Conclusion: This study provided potential predictive models that might help identify progestin-insensitive EAH and EEC patients before fertility-preserving treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Li Hu
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Gulinazi Yierfulati
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu-Lu Wang
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing-Yi Yang
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiao-Ying Lv
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Qiao-Ying Lv, ; Xiao-Jun Chen,
| | - Xiao-Jun Chen
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Qiao-Ying Lv, ; Xiao-Jun Chen,
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Omar IS, Abd Jamil AH, Mat Adenan NA, Chung I. MPA alters metabolic phenotype of endometrial cancer-associated fibroblasts from obese women via IRS2 signaling. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0270830. [PMID: 35816477 PMCID: PMC9273069 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Obese women have a higher risk of developing endometrial cancer (EC) than lean women. Besides affecting EC progression, obesity also affects sensitivity of patients to treatment including medroxprogesterone acetate (MPA). Obese women have a lower response to MPA with an increased risk for tumor recurrence. While MPA inhibits the growth of normal fibroblasts, human endometrial cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) were reported to be less responsive to MPA. However, it is still unknown how CAFs from obese women respond to progesterone. CAFs from the EC tissues of obese (CO) and non-obese (CN) women were established as primary cell models. MPA increased cell proliferation and downregulated stromal differentiation genes, including BMP2 in CO than in CN. Induction of IRS2 (a BMP2 regulator) mRNA expression by MPA led to activation of glucose metabolism in CO, with evidence of greater mRNA levels of GLUT6, GAPDH, PKM2, LDHA, and increased in GAPDH enzymatic activity. Concomitantly, MPA increased the mRNA expression of a fatty acid transporter, CD36 and lipid droplet formation in CO. MPA-mediated increase in glucose metabolism genes in CO was reversed with a progesterone receptor inhibitor, mifepristone (RU486), leading to a decreased proliferation. Our data suggests that PR signaling is aberrantly activated by MPA in CAFs isolated from endometrial tissues of obese women, leading to activation of IRS2 and glucose metabolism, which may lead to lower response and sensitivity to progesterone in obese women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Intan Sofia Omar
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Universiti Malaya Cancer Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Amira Hajirah Abd Jamil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Life Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Noor Azmi Mat Adenan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ara Damansara and Subang Jaya Medical Center, Ramsay Sime Darby Health Care, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ivy Chung
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Life Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- * E-mail:
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Li H, Zhang J, Shi Y, Zhao G, Xu H, Cai M, Gao J, Wang H. Mechanism of INSR clustering with insulin activation and resistance revealed by super-resolution imaging. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:7747-7755. [PMID: 35579582 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr01051h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Insulin receptor (INSR) is a key protein in the INSR signaling pathway and plays a critical role in biological processes, especially in the regulation of glucose homeostasis. Many metabolic diseases are often accompanied by abnormal INSR signaling. However, the specific effector mechanisms regulating insulin resistance and the distribution patterns of INSR during cell membrane activation remain unclear. Here, we investigated the changes in the distribution of INSR during activation using super-resolution imaging. By observing the connection between INSR activation and its distribution, we found that insulin resistance inhibits its receptor clustering. More importantly, we found that INSR has a highly co-localized relationship with the skeletal protein βII-spectrin. Specific knockout of βII-spectrin inhibited the interaction of INSR with GLUT4 and affected the normal metabolism of glucose. Our work elucidates the effects of insulin activation and insulin resistance on INSR distribution and reveals a potential relationship between INSR and cytoskeleton at the single molecule level, which promotes a deeper understanding of the roles associated with insulin signaling and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongru Li
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P. R. China.
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Jinrui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P. R. China.
| | - Yan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P. R. China.
| | - Guanfang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P. R. China.
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Haijiao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P. R. China.
| | - Mingjun Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P. R. China.
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Jing Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P. R. China.
| | - Hongda Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P. R. China.
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qing dao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Wenhai Road, Aoshanwei, Jimo, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
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32
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Ortega MA, Pekarek L, Garcia-Montero C, Fraile-Martinez O, Saez MA, Asúnsolo A, Alvarez-Mon MA, Monserrat J, Coca S, Toledo-Lobo MV, García-Honduvilla N, Albillos A, Buján J, Alvarez-Mon M, Guijarro LG. Prognostic role of IRS-4 in the survival of patients with pancreatic cancer. Histol Histopathol 2022; 37:449-459. [PMID: 35137378 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18-432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a malignancy of rising incidence, especially in developed countries due to causes such as sedentary lifestyles, tobacco smoking and ultraprocessed high fat and high sugar diets, amongst others. It is in fact the 7th cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, and, in the following years, it is expected to climb upwards to 2nd position, after lung cancer. This is because it may have an asymptomatic course, and when it becomes evident it is in advanced stages, accompanied by metastasis generally. For this reason, survival rates are so low and, even in the few successful cases there is a high possibility of recurrence. Identifying new molecular biomarkers is arising as a highly useful tool for pancreatic cancer clinical management, although much research and work remain to be done in this field. Thus, the present study aims to analyze a series of molecules (IRS-4, Rb1, Ki-67 y COX-2) as candidates for prognosis and survival by immunohistochemistry techniques. Additionally, a 60-month longitudinal surveillance program was conducted, associated with diverse clinical parameters. Kaplan-Meier curves estimating the time of survival according to tumoral expression of those molecules denoted a low cumulative survival rate. Importantly, we observed that high levels of IRS-4 were significantly associated with a bad prognosis of the disease, increasing 160 times the mortality risk. In this way, our research showed a relevant value of these biomarkers in pancreatic cancer patients' survival, opening a pathway for future research areas designed to inhibit these components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Ortega
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcala de Henares, Madrid, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- Cancer Registry and Pathology Department, Hospital Universitario Principe de Asturias, Alcala de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Leonel Pekarek
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcala de Henares, Madrid, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- Oncology Service, Guadalajara University Hospital, Guadalajara, Spain
| | - Cielo Garcia-Montero
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcala de Henares, Madrid, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Oscar Fraile-Martinez
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcala de Henares, Madrid, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A Saez
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcala de Henares, Madrid, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- Pathological Anatomy Service, Central University Hospital of Defence-UAH Madrid, Alcala de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Angel Asúnsolo
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcala de Henares, Madrid, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Surgery, Medical and Social Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcala de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A Alvarez-Mon
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcala de Henares, Madrid, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Monserrat
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcala de Henares, Madrid, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago Coca
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcala de Henares, Madrid, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - M Val Toledo-Lobo
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- Unit of Cell Biology, Department of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Alcala, Alcala de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Natalio García-Honduvilla
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcala de Henares, Madrid, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Agustin Albillos
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcala de Henares, Madrid, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, University of Alcalá, Ramón y Cajal Institute for Health Research, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center of Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBEREHD), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julia Buján
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcala de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Melchor Alvarez-Mon
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcala de Henares, Madrid, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- Immune System Diseases-Rheumatology, Oncology Service and Internal Medicine, University Hospital Príncipe de Asturias, Alcala de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis G Guijarro
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcala de Henares, Madrid, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of System Biology, University of Alcalá, Alcala de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
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33
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Papuc C, Goran GV, Predescu CN, Tudoreanu L, Ștefan G. Plant polyphenols mechanisms of action on insulin resistance and against the loss of pancreatic beta cells. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 62:325-352. [PMID: 32901517 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1815644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus describes a group of metabolic disorders characterized by a prolonged period hyperglycemia with long-lasting detrimental effects on the cardiovascular and nervous systems, kidney, vision, and immunity. Many plant polyphenols are shown to have beneficial activity for the prevention and treatment of diabetes, by different mechanisms. This review article is focused on synthesizing the mechanisms by which polyphenols decrease insulin resistance and inhibit loss of pancreatic islet β-cell mass and function. To achieve the objectives, this review summarizes the results of the researches realized in recent years in clinical trials and in various experimental models, on the effects of foods rich in polyphenols, polyphenolic extracts, and commercially polyphenols on insulin resistance and β-cells death. Dietary polyphenols are able to reduce insulin resistance alleviating the IRS-1/PI3-k/Akt signaling pathway, and to reduce the loss of pancreatic islet β-cell mass and function by several molecular mechanisms, such as protection of the surviving machinery of cells against the oxidative insult; increasing insulin secretion in pancreatic β-cells through activation of the FFAR1; cytoprotective effect on β-cells by activation of autophagy; protection of β-cells to act as activators for anti-apoptotic pathways and inhibitors for apoptotic pathway; stimulating of insulin release, presumably by transient ATP-sensitive K+ channel inhibition and whole-cell Ca2+ stimulation; involvement in insulin release that act on ionic currents and membrane potential as inhibitor of delayed-rectifier K+ current (IK(DR)) and activator of current. dietary polyphenols could be used as potential anti-diabetic agents to prevent and alleviate diabetes and its complications, but further studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camelia Papuc
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, UASVM of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gheorghe V Goran
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, UASVM of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Corina N Predescu
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, UASVM of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Liliana Tudoreanu
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, UASVM of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Georgeta Ștefan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, UASVM of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
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34
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Geng XQ, Pan LC, Sun HQ, Ren YY, Zhu ZY. Structural characterization of a polysaccharide from Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench (okra) and its hypoglycemic effect and mechanism on type 2 diabetes mellitus. Food Funct 2022; 13:11973-11985. [DOI: 10.1039/d2fo02575b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A novel acidic polysaccharide named AeP-P-1 was prepared from Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench (okra).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Qing Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, P.R. China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, P.R. China
| | - Li-Chao Pan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, P.R. China
- School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, PR China
| | - Hui-Qing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, P.R. China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, P.R. China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Ren
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, 434023, PR China
| | - Zhen-Yuan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, P.R. China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, P.R. China
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35
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Deng Q, Du L, Zhang Y, Liu G. NEFAs Influence the Inflammatory and Insulin Signaling Pathways Through TLR4 in Primary Calf Hepatocytes in vitro. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:755505. [PMID: 34966805 PMCID: PMC8710596 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.755505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Transition dairy cows are often in a state of negative energy balance because of decreased dry matter intake and increased energy requirements, initiating lipid mobilization and leading to high serum β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) and non-esterified fatty acid (NEFAs) levels, which can induce ketosis and fatty liver in dairy cows. Inflammation and insulin resistance are also common diseases in the perinatal period of dairy cows. What is the relationship between negative energy balance, insulin resistance and inflammation in dairy cows? To study the role of non-esterified fatty acids in the nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-κB) inflammatory and insulin signaling pathways through Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), we cultured primary calf hepatocytes and added different concentrations of NEFAs to assess the mRNA and protein levels of inflammatory and insulin signaling pathways. Our experiments indicated that NEFAs could activate the NF-κB inflammatory signaling pathway and influence insulin resistance through TLR4. However, an inhibitor of TLR4 alleviated the inhibitory effects of NEFAs on the insulin pathway. In conclusion, all of these results indicate that high-dose NEFAs (2.4 mM) can activate the TLR4/NF-κB inflammatory signaling pathway and reduce the sensitivity of the insulin pathway through the TLR4/PI3K/AKT metabolic axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Deng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, China.,Inner Mongolia Minzu University Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Herbivorous Livestock Perinatal Diseases, Tongliao, China
| | - Liyin Du
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, China.,Inner Mongolia Minzu University Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Herbivorous Livestock Perinatal Diseases, Tongliao, China
| | - Yuming Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, China.,Inner Mongolia Minzu University Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Herbivorous Livestock Perinatal Diseases, Tongliao, China
| | - Guowen Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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36
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Díaz del Moral S, Benaouicha M, Muñoz-Chápuli R, Carmona R. The Insulin-like Growth Factor Signalling Pathway in Cardiac Development and Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010234. [PMID: 35008660 PMCID: PMC8745665 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin and Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) perform key roles during embryonic development, regulating processes of cell proliferation and survival. The IGF signalling pathway comprises two IGFs (IGF1, IGF2), two IGF receptors (IGFR1, IGFR2), and six IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs) that regulate IGF transport and availability. The IGF signalling pathway is essential for cardiac development. IGF2 is the primary mitogen inducing ventricular cardiomyocyte proliferation and morphogenesis of the compact myocardial wall. Conditional deletion of the Igf1r and the insulin receptor (Insr) genes in the myocardium results in decreased cardiomyocyte proliferation and ventricular wall hypoplasia. The significance of the IGF signalling pathway during embryonic development has led to consider it as a candidate for adult cardiac repair and regeneration. In fact, paracrine IGF2 plays a key role in the transient regenerative ability of the newborn mouse heart. We aimed to review the current knowledge about the role played by the IGF signalling pathway during cardiac development and also the clinical potential of recapitulating this developmental axis in regeneration of the adult heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Díaz del Moral
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Málaga (IBIMA), Department of Animal Biology, Andalusian Center for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology (BIONAND), Faculty of Science, University of Málaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain; (S.D.d.M.); (M.B.); (R.M.-C.)
| | - Maha Benaouicha
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Málaga (IBIMA), Department of Animal Biology, Andalusian Center for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology (BIONAND), Faculty of Science, University of Málaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain; (S.D.d.M.); (M.B.); (R.M.-C.)
| | - Ramón Muñoz-Chápuli
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Málaga (IBIMA), Department of Animal Biology, Andalusian Center for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology (BIONAND), Faculty of Science, University of Málaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain; (S.D.d.M.); (M.B.); (R.M.-C.)
| | - Rita Carmona
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Málaga (IBIMA), Department of Animal Biology, Andalusian Center for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology (BIONAND), Faculty of Science, University of Málaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain; (S.D.d.M.); (M.B.); (R.M.-C.)
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Legal Medicine and History of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Málaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain
- Correspondence:
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Riyaphan J, Pham DC, Leong MK, Weng CF. In Silico Approaches to Identify Polyphenol Compounds as α-Glucosidase and α-Amylase Inhibitors against Type-II Diabetes. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1877. [PMID: 34944521 PMCID: PMC8699780 DOI: 10.3390/biom11121877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Type-II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) results from a combination of genetic and lifestyle factors, and the prevalence of T2DM is increasing worldwide. Clinically, both α-glucosidase and α-amylase enzymes inhibitors can suppress peaks of postprandial glucose with surplus adverse effects, leading to efforts devoted to urgently seeking new anti-diabetes drugs from natural sources for delayed starch digestion. This review attempts to explore 10 families e.g., Bignoniaceae, Ericaceae, Dryopteridaceae, Campanulaceae, Geraniaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Rubiaceae, Acanthaceae, Rutaceae, and Moraceae as medicinal plants, and folk and herb medicines for lowering blood glucose level, or alternative anti-diabetic natural products. Many natural products have been studied in silico, in vitro, and in vivo assays to restrain hyperglycemia. In addition, natural products, and particularly polyphenols, possess diverse structures for exploring them as inhibitors of α-glucosidase and α-amylase. Interestingly, an in silico discovery approach using natural compounds via virtual screening could directly target α-glucosidase and α-amylase enzymes through Monte Carto molecular modeling. Autodock, MOE-Dock, Biovia Discovery Studio, PyMOL, and Accelrys have been used to discover new candidates as inhibitors or activators. While docking score, binding energy (Kcal/mol), the number of hydrogen bonds, or interactions with critical amino acid residues have been taken into concerning the reliability of software for validation of enzymatic analysis, in vitro cell assay and in vivo animal tests are required to obtain leads, hits, and candidates in drug discovery and development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dinh-Chuong Pham
- Biomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Group, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam;
| | - Max K. Leong
- Department of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 97401, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Feng Weng
- Functional Physiology Section, Department of Basic Medical Science, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361023, China
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38
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The Beneficial Effects of Essential Oils in Anti-Obesity Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111832. [PMID: 34769261 PMCID: PMC8584325 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a complex disease caused by an excessive amount of body fat. Obesity is a medical problem and represents an important risk factor for the development of serious diseases such as insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and some types of cancer. Not to be overlooked are the psychological issues that, in obese subjects, turn into very serious pathologies, such as depression, phobias, anxiety, and lack of self-esteem. In addition to modifying one’s lifestyle, the reduction of body mass can be promoted by different natural compounds such as essential oils (EOs). EOs are mixtures of aromatic substances produced by many plants, particularly in medicinal and aromatic ones. They are odorous and volatile and contain a mixture of terpenes, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, and esters. Thanks to the characteristics of the various chemical components present in them, EOs are used in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical fields. Indeed, it has been shown that EOs possess great antibiotic, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor powers. Emerging results also demonstrate the anti-obesity effects of EOs. We have examined the main data obtained in experimental studies and, in this review, we summarize the effect of EOs in obesity and obesity-related metabolic diseases.
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39
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Jacob Berger A, Gigi E, Kupershmidt L, Meir Z, Gavert N, Zwang Y, Prior A, Gilad S, Harush U, Haviv I, Stemmer SM, Blum G, Merquiol E, Mardamshina M, Kaminski Strauss S, Friedlander G, Bar J, Kamer I, Reizel Y, Geiger T, Pilpel Y, Levin Y, Tanay A, Barzel B, Reuveni H, Straussman R. IRS1 phosphorylation underlies the non-stochastic probability of cancer cells to persist during EGFR inhibition therapy. NATURE CANCER 2021; 2:1055-1070. [PMID: 35121883 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-021-00261-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Stochastic transition of cancer cells between drug-sensitive and drug-tolerant persister phenotypes has been proposed to play a key role in non-genetic resistance to therapy. Yet, we show here that cancer cells actually possess a highly stable inherited chance to persist (CTP) during therapy. This CTP is non-stochastic, determined pre-treatment and has a unimodal distribution ranging from 0 to almost 100%. Notably, CTP is drug specific. We found that differential serine/threonine phosphorylation of the insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) protein determines the CTP of lung and of head and neck cancer cells under epidermal growth factor receptor inhibition, both in vitro and in vivo. Indeed, the first-in-class IRS1 inhibitor NT219 was highly synergistic with anti-epidermal growth factor receptor therapy across multiple in vitro and in vivo models. Elucidation of drug-specific mechanisms that determine the degree and stability of cellular CTP may establish a framework for the elimination of cancer persisters, using new rationally designed drug combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adi Jacob Berger
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Elinor Gigi
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Lana Kupershmidt
- TyrNovo Ltd, Rehovot, Israel.,Cancer Personalized Medicine and Diagnostic Genomics Lab, Azrieli Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Zohar Meir
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.,Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Nancy Gavert
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yaara Zwang
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Amir Prior
- De Botton Institute for Protein Profiling, The Nancy and Stephen Grand Israel National Center for Personalized Medicine, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Shlomit Gilad
- The Nancy and Stephen Grand Israel National Center for Personalized Medicine, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Uzi Harush
- Department of Mathematics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel.,Gonda Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Izhak Haviv
- TyrNovo Ltd, Rehovot, Israel.,Cancer Personalized Medicine and Diagnostic Genomics Lab, Azrieli Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel.,AID Genomics and Gensort Ltd, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Salomon M Stemmer
- Davidoff Center, Rabin Medical Center, Felsenstien Medical Research Center, Petach Tikva, and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Galia Blum
- Institute of Drug Research, The School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Campus Ein Karem, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Emmanuelle Merquiol
- Institute of Drug Research, The School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Campus Ein Karem, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Mariya Mardamshina
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Gilgi Friedlander
- Ilana and Pascal Mantoux Institute for Bioinformatics, The Nancy and Stephen Grand Israel National Center for Personalized Medicine, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Jair Bar
- Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | | | - Yitzhak Reizel
- Department of Genetics and Institute for Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tamar Geiger
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yitzhak Pilpel
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yishai Levin
- De Botton Institute for Protein Profiling, The Nancy and Stephen Grand Israel National Center for Personalized Medicine, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Amos Tanay
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.,Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Baruch Barzel
- Department of Mathematics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel.,Gonda Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Hadas Reuveni
- TyrNovo Ltd, Rehovot, Israel.,Purple Biotech Ltd, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ravid Straussman
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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40
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Ortega MA, Fraile-Martínez O, García-Montero C, Ruiz-Grande F, Barrena S, Montoya H, Pekarek L, Zoullas S, Alvarez-Mon MA, Sainz F, Asúnsolo A, Acero J, Álvarez-Mon M, Buján J, García-Honduvilla N, Guijarro LG. Chronic venous disease patients show increased IRS-4 expression in the great saphenous vein wall. J Int Med Res 2021; 49:3000605211041275. [PMID: 34590920 PMCID: PMC8489764 DOI: 10.1177/03000605211041275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Chronic venous disease (CVeD) is a multifactorial and debilitating condition that has a high prevalence in Western countries and an important associated socioeconomic burden. Varicose veins (VVs) are the most common manifestations of CVeD. Pathologically, many morphological and functional changes have been described in VVs, which most notably affect venous wall integrity. Previous studies have found several molecular alterations that negatively affect normal cell signaling pathways. Insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-4 is a central adaptor protein that is closely related to insulin/insulin-like growth factor-1 signaling upstream, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt or mitogen-activated protein kinases downstream, and other proteins. These molecular pathways have been implicated in CVeD pathogenesis. Thus, the aim of our study was to identify the role of IRS-4 in VV tissue. METHODS We conducted a histopathological study to analyze IRS-4 protein expression in CVeD patients compared with healthy controls. RESULTS Our results demonstrate a significant increase in IRS-4 expression in VV tissue. CONCLUSIONS IRS-4 may be implicated in CVeD development and progression. Therefore, IRS-4 could be a potential diagnostic or therapeutic target for patients with this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Ortega
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Healthcare Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- Cancer Registry and Pathology Department, Hospital Universitario Principe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Oscar Fraile-Martínez
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cielo García-Montero
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Ruiz-Grande
- Angiology and Vascular Surgery Service, Hospital Universitario Principe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Surgery, Medical and Social Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Silve Barrena
- Angiology and Vascular Surgery Service, Hospital Universitario Principe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Hector Montoya
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Leonel Pekarek
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sofia Zoullas
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A Alvarez-Mon
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Felipe Sainz
- Department of Surgery, Medical and Social Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
- Angiology and Vascular Surgery Service, Central University Hospital of Defence-UAH Madrid, Spain
| | - Angel Asúnsolo
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Healthcare Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Surgery, Medical and Social Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julio Acero
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Healthcare Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Surgery, Medical and Social Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Melchor Álvarez-Mon
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Healthcare Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- Immune System Diseases-Rheumatology, Oncology Service and Internal Medicine (CIBEREHD), University Hospital Príncipe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julia Buján
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Healthcare Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Natalio García-Honduvilla
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Healthcare Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis G Guijarro
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Healthcare Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (CIBEREHD), Department of System Biology, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
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Insulin Receptor Substrate 1 Is Involved in the Phycocyanin-Mediated Antineoplastic Function of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26164711. [PMID: 34443299 PMCID: PMC8401963 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Phycocyanin, derived from marine algae, is known to have noteworthy antineoplastic properties. However, the underlying mechanism involved in phycocyanin-mediated anti-growth function on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells is still ambiguous. Here, we investigated the mechanism of action of phycocyanin on H1299, A549, and LTEP-a2 cells. According to the results obtained, insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) expression was reduced by phycocyanin. Cell phenotype tests showed that siRNA knockdown of IRS-1 expression significantly inhibited the growth, migration, colony formation, but promoted the apoptosis of NSCLC cells. Meanwhile, phycocyanin and IRS-1 siRNA treatment both reduced the PI3K-AKT activities in NSCLC cells. Moreover, overexpression of IRS-1 accelerated the proliferation, colony formation, and migration rate of H1299, A549, and LTEP-a2 cells, which was contradicting to the knockdown results. Overall, this study uncovered a regulatory mechanism by which phycocyanin inhibited the growth of NSCLC cells via IRS-1/AKT pathway, laying the foundation for the potential target treatment of NSCLC.
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Memory impairment and depressive-like phenotype are accompanied by downregulation of hippocampal insulin and BDNF signaling pathways in prediabetic mice. Physiol Behav 2021; 237:113346. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Nakahara M, Ito H, Skinner JT, Lin Q, Tamosiuniene R, Nicolls MR, Keegan AD, Johns RA, Yamaji-Kegan K. The inflammatory role of dysregulated IRS2 in pulmonary vascular remodeling under hypoxic conditions. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2021; 321:L416-L428. [PMID: 34189964 PMCID: PMC8410109 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00068.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a devastating disease characterized by progressive elevation of pulmonary vascular resistance, right ventricular failure, and ultimately death. We have shown previously that insulin receptor substrate 2 (IRS2), a molecule highly critical to insulin resistance and metabolism, has an anti-inflammatory role in Th2-skewed lung inflammation and pulmonary vascular remodeling. Here, we investigated the hypothesis that IRS2 has an immunomodulatory role in human and experimental PH. Expression analysis showed that IRS2 was significantly decreased in the pulmonary vasculature of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension and in rat models of PH. In mice, genetic ablation of IRS2 enhanced the hypoxia-induced signaling pathway of Akt and Forkhead box O1 (FOXO1) in the lung tissue and increased pulmonary vascular muscularization, proliferation, and perivascular macrophage recruitment. Furthermore, mice with homozygous IRS2 gene deletion showed a significant gene dosage-dependent increase in pulmonary vascular remodeling and right ventricular hypertrophy in response to hypoxia. Functional studies with bone marrow-derived macrophages isolated from homozygous IRS2 gene-deleted mice showed that hypoxia exposure led to enhancement of the Akt and ERK signaling pathway followed by increases in the pro-PH macrophage activation markers, vascular endothelial growth factor-A and arginase 1. Our data suggest that IRS2 contributes to anti-inflammatory effects by regulating macrophage activation and recruitment, which may limit the vascular inflammation, remodeling, and right ventricular hypertrophy that are seen in PH pathology. Restoring the IRS2 pathway may be an effective therapeutic approach for the treatment of PH and right heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayumi Nakahara
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Homare Ito
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - John T Skinner
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Qing Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Rasa Tamosiuniene
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Mark R Nicolls
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Achsah D Keegan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Roger A Johns
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Kazuyo Yamaji-Kegan
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland
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Huang P, Zhu S, Liang X, Zhang Q, Luo X, Liu C, Song L. Regulatory Mechanisms of LncRNAs in Cancer Glycolysis: Facts and Perspectives. Cancer Manag Res 2021; 13:5317-5336. [PMID: 34262341 PMCID: PMC8275123 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s314502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells exhibit distinct metabolic characteristics that employ glycolysis to provide energy and intermediary metabolites. This aberrant metabolic phenotype favors cancer progression. LncRNAs are transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides that do not encode proteins. LncRNAs contribute to cancer progression and therapeutic resistance and affect aerobic glycolysis via multiple mechanisms, including modulating glycolytic transporters and enzymes. Further, dysregulated signaling pathways are vital for glycolysis. In this review, we highlight regulatory mechanisms for lncRNAs in aerobic glycolysis that provide novel insights into cancer development. Moreover, a comprehensive understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of lncRNAs in aerobic glycolysis can provide new strategies for clinical cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Huang
- Reproductive & Women-Children Hospital, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaomi Zhu
- Reproductive & Women-Children Hospital, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Liang
- Reproductive & Women-Children Hospital, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinxiu Zhang
- Reproductive & Women-Children Hospital, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohong Luo
- Reproductive & Women-Children Hospital, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, People's Republic of China
| | - Chi Liu
- Reproductive & Women-Children Hospital, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, People's Republic of China
| | - Linjiang Song
- Reproductive & Women-Children Hospital, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, People's Republic of China
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Kaleem A, Javed S, Rehman N, Abdullah R, Iqtedar M, Aftab MN, Hoessli DC, Haq IU. Phosphorylated and O-GlcNAc Modified IRS-1 (Ser1101) and -2 (Ser1149) Contribute to Human Diabetes Type II. Protein Pept Lett 2021; 28:333-339. [PMID: 32798372 DOI: 10.2174/0929866527666200813210407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of the chronic metabolic disorder Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is increasing steadily, and has even turned into an epidemic in some countries. T2DM results from defective responses to insulin and obesity is a major factor behind insulin resistance in T2DM. Insulin receptor substrate (IRS) proteins are adaptor proteins in the insulin receptor signalling pathway. The insulin signalling is controlled through tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS-1 and IRS-2, and dysregulation of IRS proteins signalling may lead to glucose intolerance and eventually insulin resistance. OBJECTIVE In this work, we suggest that both glycosylation (O-GlcNAc modification) and phosphorylation of IRS-1 and -2 are involved in the pathogenesis of T2DM. METHODS Phosphorylation and O-GlcNAc modifications (Ser1101 in IRS-1 and Ser1149 in IRS-2) proteins were determined experimentally by sandwich ELISA with specific antibodies and with bioinformatics tools. RESULTS When IRS-1 (on Ser1101) and IRS-2 (Ser1149) become glycosylated following an increase in UDP-GlcNAc pools, it may contribute to insulin resistance. Whereas when the same (IRS-1 on Ser1101 and IRS-2 on Ser1149) are phosphorylated, the insulin signalling is inhibited. DISCUSSION In this work OGlcNAc-modified proteins were specifically detected using O-Glc- NAc-specific antibodies, suggesting that elevated levels of O-GlcNAc-modified proteins are found, independently of their possible involvement in Advanced Glycation End products (AGEs). CONCLUSION This study suggests a mechanism, which is controlled by posttranslational modifications, and may contribute to the pathogenesis of type II diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afshan Kaleem
- Department of Biotechnology, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab 54000, Pakistan
| | - Sabahat Javed
- Department of Biotechnology, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab 54000, Pakistan
| | - Nayab Rehman
- Department of Biotechnology, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab 54000, Pakistan
| | - Roheena Abdullah
- Department of Biotechnology, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab 54000, Pakistan
| | - Mehwish Iqtedar
- Department of Biotechnology, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab 54000, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Nauman Aftab
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Daniel C Hoessli
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Ikram-Ul Haq
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
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Endothelial-specific insulin receptor substrate-1 overexpression worsens neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury via mTOR-mediated tight junction disassembly. Cell Death Discov 2021; 7:150. [PMID: 34226528 PMCID: PMC8257791 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00548-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxic-ischemic (HI) encephalopathy is the major cause of mortality and disability in newborns. The neurovascular unit is a major target of acute and chronic brain injury, and therapies that protect simultaneously both neurons and vascular endothelial cells from neonatal HI injury are in demand. Insulin receptors and its key downstream molecule-insulin receptor substrate −1 (IRS-1) are potential neuroprotective targets and expressed both in neuron and endothelial cells. To investigate whether IRS-1 can act similarly in neurons and vascular endothelial cells in protecting neurovascular units and brain form HI injury, we found that neuron-specific IRS-1 transgenic rats showed reduced neurovascular injury and infarct volumes, whereas endothelial-specific IRS-1 transgenic rats showed increased blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption and exaggerated neurovascular injury after neonatal HI brain injury. Endothelial-specific IRS-1 overexpression increased vascular permeability and disassembled the tight junction protein (zonula occludens-1) complex. Inhibition of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) by rapamycin preserved tight junction proteins and attenuated BBB leakage and neuronal apoptosis after HI in the endothelial-specific IRS-1 transgenic pups. Together, our findings suggested that neuronal and endothelial IRS-1 had opposite effects on the neurovascular integrity and damage after neonatal HI brain injury and that endothelial IRS-1 worsens neurovascular integrity after HI via mTOR-mediated tight junction protein disassembly.
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Burillo J, Marqués P, Jiménez B, González-Blanco C, Benito M, Guillén C. Insulin Resistance and Diabetes Mellitus in Alzheimer's Disease. Cells 2021; 10:1236. [PMID: 34069890 PMCID: PMC8157600 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a progressive disease that is characterized by the appearance of insulin resistance. The term insulin resistance is very wide and could affect different proteins involved in insulin signaling, as well as other mechanisms. In this review, we have analyzed the main molecular mechanisms that could be involved in the connection between type 2 diabetes and neurodegeneration, in general, and more specifically with the appearance of Alzheimer's disease. We have studied, in more detail, the different processes involved, such as inflammation, endoplasmic reticulum stress, autophagy, and mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Burillo
- Department of Biochemistry, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.B.); (P.M.); (B.J.); (C.G.-B.); (M.B.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Mechanisms of Insulin Resistance (MOIR2), General Direction of Universities and Investigation (CCMM), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Marqués
- Department of Biochemistry, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.B.); (P.M.); (B.J.); (C.G.-B.); (M.B.)
- Mechanisms of Insulin Resistance (MOIR2), General Direction of Universities and Investigation (CCMM), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Jiménez
- Department of Biochemistry, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.B.); (P.M.); (B.J.); (C.G.-B.); (M.B.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Mechanisms of Insulin Resistance (MOIR2), General Direction of Universities and Investigation (CCMM), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos González-Blanco
- Department of Biochemistry, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.B.); (P.M.); (B.J.); (C.G.-B.); (M.B.)
- Mechanisms of Insulin Resistance (MOIR2), General Direction of Universities and Investigation (CCMM), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Benito
- Department of Biochemistry, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.B.); (P.M.); (B.J.); (C.G.-B.); (M.B.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Mechanisms of Insulin Resistance (MOIR2), General Direction of Universities and Investigation (CCMM), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Guillén
- Department of Biochemistry, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.B.); (P.M.); (B.J.); (C.G.-B.); (M.B.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Mechanisms of Insulin Resistance (MOIR2), General Direction of Universities and Investigation (CCMM), 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Comparative Gene Signature of (-)-Oleocanthal Formulation Treatments in Heterogeneous Triple Negative Breast Tumor Models: Oncological Therapeutic Target Insights. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13051706. [PMID: 34069906 PMCID: PMC8157589 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) heterogeneity and limited therapeutic options confer its phenotypic aggressiveness. The discovery of anti-TNBC natural products with valid molecular target(s) and defined pharmacodynamic profile would facilitate their therapeutic nutraceutical use by TNBC patients. The extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO) is a key Mediterranean diet ingredient. S-(−)-Oleocanthal (OC) leads the bioactive anti-tumor EVOO phenolic ingredients. A previous study reported the solid dispersion formulated OC with (+)-xylitol (OC-X) suppressed the in vivo progression and recurrence of the TNBC MDA-MB-231 cells. This study investigates the ability of OC-X formulation to suppress the in vivo heterogeneous BC initiation and progression utilizing advanced preclinical transgenic MMTV-PyVT and TNBC PDX mouse models. Furthermore, the clustering of the gene expression profiles in MMTV-PyVT and PDX mouse tumors treated with OC-X acquired by a Clariom S microarray analysis identified the distinctly affected genes. Several affected novel signature genes identified in response to OC-X treatments and proved overlapped in both mouse and human tumor models, shedding some lights toward understanding the OC anticancer molecular mechanism and assisting in predicting prospective clinical outcomes. This study provides molecular and preclinical evidences of OC-X potential as a nutraceutical suppressing heterogeneous TNBC model and offers preliminary gene-level therapeutic mechanistic insights.
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Bednarz-Misa I, Bromke MA, Krzystek-Korpacka M. Interleukin (IL)-7 Signaling in the Tumor Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1290:9-49. [PMID: 33559853 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-55617-4_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-7 plays an important immunoregulatory role in different types of cells. Therefore, it attracts researcher's attention, but despite the fact, many aspects of its modulatory action, as well as other functionalities, are still poorly understood. The review summarizes current knowledge on the interleukin-7 and its signaling cascade in context of cancer development. Moreover, it provides a cancer-type focused description of the involvement of IL-7 in solid tumors, as well as hematological malignancies.The interleukin has been discovered as a growth factor crucial for the early lymphocyte development and supporting the growth of malignant cells in certain leukemias and lymphomas. Therefore, its targeting has been explored as a treatment modality in hematological malignancies, while the unique ability to expand lymphocyte populations selectively and without hyperinflammation has been used in experimental immunotherapies in patients with lymphopenia. Ever since the early research demonstrated a reduced growth of solid tumors in the presence of IL-7, the interleukin application in boosting up the anticancer immunity has been investigated. However, a growing body of evidence indicative of IL-7 upregulation in carcinomas, facilitating tumor growth and metastasis and aiding drug-resistance, is accumulating. It therefore becomes increasingly apparent that the response to the IL-7 stimulus strongly depends on cell type, their developmental stage, and microenvironmental context. The interleukin exerts its regulatory action mainly through phosphorylation events in JAK/STAT and PI3K/Akt pathways, while the significance of MAPK pathway seems to be limited to solid tumors. Given the unwavering interest in IL-7 application in immunotherapy, a better understanding of interleukin role, source in tumor microenvironment, and signaling pathways, as well as the identification of cells that are likely to respond should be a research priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Bednarz-Misa
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Mariusz A Bromke
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
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Xu X, Nie J, Lu L, Du C, Meng F, Song D. YAP-TEAD up-regulates IRS2 expression to induce and deteriorate oesophageal cancer. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:2584-2595. [PMID: 33570213 PMCID: PMC7933937 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oesophageal cancer (EC) represents a significant cause of cancer worldwide. Yes‐associated protein (YAP) is reported to correlate with the initiation of multiple cancers including EC, but the underlying mechanism remains elusive. The current study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanism of YAP‐TEAD in the occurrence and progression of EC. EC tissues and cells were obtained, followed by determination of the expression of YAP, c‐Jun, pc‐Jun and IRS2. The effect of YAP‐TEAD on the biological EC cell processes was explored through gain‐ and loss‐of‐function approaches. The interaction between YAP and TEAD was detected by co‐immunoprecipitation. The binding of TEAD to the c‐Jun promoter was determined using chromatin immunoprecipitation. Tumour formation in the nude mice was detected in order to ascertain the effect of YAP and IRS2 in vivo. We found elevated YAP in the EC tissues and cells. YAP silencing led to a decrease in EC cell proliferation, invasion and sphere formation. YAP‐TEAD complex bound to the promotor of c‐Jun, and c‐Jun led to an increase in the expression of IRS2 through the JNK/c‐Jun pathway. Additionally, pc‐Jun and phosphorylated JNK were localized in the nuclear in addition to displaying enhanced expression in the EC tissues. IRS2 overexpression negated the inhibition of cell proliferation, invasion and sphere formation triggering YAP silencing. YAP up‐regulated IRS2 and aggravated EC in vivo. Taken together, YAP‐TEAD activates the JNK/c‐Jun pathway to up‐regulate IRS2, ultimately promoting EC progression. Therefore, YAP‐TEAD inhibition could be a promising therapeutic approach for EC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangming Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Jiao Nie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Lin Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Chao Du
- Department of Gastroenterology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Fansheng Meng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Duannuo Song
- Department of Gastroenterology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China
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