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Fabbri E, Balbi T, Canesi L. Neuroendocrine functions of monoamines in invertebrates: Focus on bivalve molluscs. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2024; 588:112215. [PMID: 38548145 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2024.112215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
Monoamines (MA) such as serotonin, catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine), and trace amines (octopamine, tyramine), are neurotransmitters and neuroendocrine modulators in vertebrates, that contribute to adaptation to the environment. Although MA are conserved in evolution, information is still fragmentary in invertebrates, given the diversity of phyla and species. However, MA are crucial in homeostatic processes in these organisms, where the absence of canonical endocrine glands in many groups implies that the modulation of physiological functions is essentially neuroendocrine. In this review, we summarize available information on MA systems in invertebrates, with focus on bivalve molluscs, that are widespread in different aquatic environments, where they are subjected to a variety of environmental stimuli. Available data are reviewed on the presence of the different MA in bivalve tissues, their metabolism, target cells, signaling pathways, and the physiological functions modulated in larval and adult stages. Research gaps and perspectives are highlighted, in order to enrich the framework of knowledge on MA neuroendocrine functions, and on their role in adaptation to ongoing and future environmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Fabbri
- Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Sant'Alberto 163, 48123, Ravenna, Italy; National Biodiversity Future Center, 90133, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Teresa Balbi
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences, University of Genoa, Corso Europa 26, 16132, Genoa, Italy; National Biodiversity Future Center, 90133, Palermo, Italy
| | - Laura Canesi
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences, University of Genoa, Corso Europa 26, 16132, Genoa, Italy; National Biodiversity Future Center, 90133, Palermo, Italy
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2
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Boomer SH, Liu X, Zheng H. Effects of regulator of G protein signaling 2 (RGS2) overexpression in the paraventricular nucleus on blood pressure in rats with angiotensin II-induced hypertension. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1401768. [PMID: 38974519 PMCID: PMC11224644 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1401768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) regulates sympathetic activity and blood pressure. The regulator of G protein signaling 2 (RGS2) is a negative G protein regulator, which selectively regulates G⍺q signaling, a potential cause of hypertension. This study aimed to examine angiotensin II (ANG II)-G protein-RGS2 signaling on the central mechanisms of blood pressure control, sympathetic activation, and kidney function. The Sprague Dawley rats were infused with ANG II (200 ng/kg/min) via osmotic mini pump to induce hypertension. Adenovirus (AV) vectors encoding RGS2 was transfected into the PVN in vivo. By radio telemetry measurements, we found AV-RGS2 transfection to the PVN significantly attenuated the increase of mean arterial pressure in ANG II infusion rats from days 2-7 of the 2-week experiment (Day 7: ANG II + AV-RGS2 141.3 ± 10.0 mmHg vs. ANG II 166.9 ± 9.3 mmHg, p < 0.05). AV-RGS2 transfection significantly reduced the serum norepinephrine level and acute volume reflex and increased daily urine volume and sodium excretion in ANG II-infused hypertensive rats. AV-RGS2 transfection significantly reduced G⍺q and PKC protein expressions within the PVN in ANG II infusion rats. In cultured mouse hypothalamic cells, real-time PCR study showed ANG II treatment increased mRNA expression of G⍺q, G⍺s, and RGS2, and AV-RGS2 treatment decreased ANG II-induced mRNA expression of G⍺q and G⍺s. Using confocal imagery, we found that AV-RGS2 attenuated the increase of calcium influx in ANG II-treated cells. Our results suggest that central overexpression of RGS2 in the PVN attenuated the increase of blood pressure and sympathetic outflow, and improves kidney excretory function in hypertensive rats. This may be via the alteration of ANG II-G-protein-RGS2 signaling in the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hong Zheng
- Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, United States
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3
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Kim WK, Lee Y, Jang SJ, Hyeon C. Kinetic Model for the Desensitization of G Protein-Coupled Receptor. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:6137-6145. [PMID: 38832827 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c00967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Desensitization of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) is a general regulatory mechanism adopted by biological organisms against overstimulation of G protein signaling. Although the details of the mechanism are extensively studied, it is not easy to gain an overarching understanding of the process constituted by a multitude of molecular events with vastly differing time scales. To offer a semiquantitative yet predictive understanding of the mechanism, we formulate a kinetic model for the G protein signaling and desensitization by considering essential biochemical steps from ligand binding to receptor internalization. The internalization, followed by receptor depletion from the plasma membrane, attenuates the downstream signal. Together with the kinetic model and its full numerics of the expression derived for the dose-response relation, an approximated form of the expression clarifies the role played by the individual biochemical processes and allows us to identify four distinct regimes for the downregulation that emerge from the balance between phosphorylation, dephosphorylation, and the cellular level of β-arrestin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Kyu Kim
- Korea Institute for Advanced Study, Seoul 02455, Korea
| | - Yoonji Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - Seogjoo J Jang
- Korea Institute for Advanced Study, Seoul 02455, Korea
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College, City University of New York, 65-30 Kissena Boulevard, Queens, New York 11367, United States
- PhD programs in Chemistry and Physics Graduate Center, City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10016, United States
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4
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Thotamune W, Ubeysinghe S, Shrestha KK, Mostafa ME, Young MC, Karunarathne A. Optical Control of Cell-Surface and Endomembrane-Exclusive β-Adrenergic Receptor Signaling. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.14.580335. [PMID: 38405895 PMCID: PMC10888897 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.14.580335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Beta-adrenergic receptors (βARs) are G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that mediate catecholamine-induced stress responses, such as heart rate increase and bronchodilation. In addition to signals from the cell surface, βARs also broadcast non-canonical signaling activities from the cell interior membranes (endomembranes). Dysregulation of these receptor pathways underlies severe pathological conditions. Excessive βAR stimulation is linked to cardiac hypertrophy, leading to heart failure, while impaired stimulation causes compromised fight or flight stress responses and homeostasis. In addition to plasma membrane βAR, emerging evidence indicates potential pathological implications of deeper endomembrane βARs, such as inducing cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and apoptosis, underlying heart failure. However, the lack of approaches to control their signaling in subcellular compartments exclusively has impeded linking endomembrane βAR signaling with pathology. Informed by the β1AR-catecholamine interactions, we engineered an efficiently photo-labile, protected hydroxy β1AR pro-ligand (OptoIso) to trigger βAR signaling at the cell surface, as well as exclusive endomembrane regions upon blue light stimulation. Not only does OptoIso undergo blue light deprotection in seconds, but it also efficiently enters cells and allows examination of G protein heterotrimer activation exclusively at endomembranes. In addition to its application in the optical interrogation of βARs in unmodified cells, given its ability to control deep organelle βAR signaling, OptoIso will be a valuable experimental tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waruna Thotamune
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO 63103, USA
| | | | - Kendra K. Shrestha
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | | | - Michael C. Young
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Ajith Karunarathne
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO 63103, USA
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5
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Joyce W, Warwicker J, Shiels HA, Perry SF. Evolution and divergence of teleost adrenergic receptors: why sometimes 'the drugs don't work' in fish. J Exp Biol 2023; 226:jeb245859. [PMID: 37823524 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.245859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Adrenaline and noradrenaline, released as hormones and/or neurotransmitters, exert diverse physiological functions in vertebrates, and teleost fishes are widely used as model organisms to study adrenergic regulation; however, such investigations often rely on receptor subtype-specific pharmacological agents (agonists and antagonists; see Glossary) developed and validated in mammals. Meanwhile, evolutionary (phylogenetic and comparative genomic) studies have begun to unravel the diversification of adrenergic receptors (ARs) and reveal that whole-genome duplications and pseudogenization events in fishes results in notable distinctions from mammals in their genomic repertoire of ARs, while lineage-specific gene losses within teleosts have generated significant interspecific variability. In this Review, we visit the evolutionary history of ARs (including α1-, α2- and β-ARs) to highlight the prominent interspecific differences in teleosts, as well as between teleosts and other vertebrates. We also show that structural modelling of teleost ARs predicts differences in ligand binding affinity compared with mammalian orthologs. To emphasize the difficulty of studying the roles of different AR subtypes in fish, we collate examples from the literature of fish ARs behaving atypically compared with standard mammalian pharmacology. Thereafter, we focus on specific case studies of the liver, heart and red blood cells, where our understanding of AR expression has benefited from combining pharmacological approaches with molecular genetics. Finally, we briefly discuss the ongoing advances in 'omics' technologies that, alongside classical pharmacology, will provide abundant opportunities to further explore adrenergic signalling in teleosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Joyce
- Department of Biology - Zoophysiology, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Jim Warwicker
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Function, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - Holly A Shiels
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Steve F Perry
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, 30 Marie Curie, Ottawa, ON, Canada, K1N 6N5
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Severs LJ, Bush NE, Quina LA, Hidalgo-Andrade S, Burgraff NJ, Dashevskiy T, Shih AY, Baertsch NA, Ramirez JM. Purinergic signaling mediates neuroglial interactions to modulate sighs. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5300. [PMID: 37652903 PMCID: PMC10471608 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40812-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Sighs prevent the collapse of alveoli in the lungs, initiate arousal under hypoxic conditions, and are an expression of sadness and relief. Sighs are periodically superimposed on normal breaths, known as eupnea. Implicated in the generation of these rhythmic behaviors is the preBötzinger complex (preBötC). Our experimental evidence suggests that purinergic signaling is necessary to generate spontaneous and hypoxia-induced sighs in a mouse model. Our results demonstrate that driving calcium increases in astrocytes through pharmacological methods robustly increases sigh, but not eupnea, frequency. Calcium imaging of preBötC slices corroborates this finding with an increase in astrocytic calcium upon application of sigh modulators, increasing intracellular calcium through g-protein signaling. Moreover, photo-activation of preBötC astrocytes is sufficient to elicit sigh activity, and this response is blocked with purinergic antagonists. We conclude that sighs are modulated through neuron-glia coupling in the preBötC network, where the distinct modulatory responses of neurons and glia allow for both rhythms to be independently regulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liza J Severs
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA.
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
| | - Nicholas E Bush
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA
| | - Lely A Quina
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA
| | - Skyler Hidalgo-Andrade
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA
| | - Nicholas J Burgraff
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA
| | - Tatiana Dashevskiy
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA
| | - Andy Y Shih
- Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Nathan A Baertsch
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Jan-Marino Ramirez
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA.
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
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Bombarda-Rocha V, Silva D, Badr-Eddine A, Nogueira P, Gonçalves J, Fresco P. Challenges in Pharmacological Intervention in Perilipins (PLINs) to Modulate Lipid Droplet Dynamics in Obesity and Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4013. [PMID: 37568828 PMCID: PMC10417315 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15154013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Perilipins (PLINs) are the most abundant proteins in lipid droplets (LD). These LD-associated proteins are responsible for upgrading LD from inert lipid storage structures to fully functional organelles, fundamentally integrated in the lipid metabolism. There are five distinct perilipins (PLIN1-5), each with specific expression patterns and metabolic activation, but all capable of regulating the activity of lipases on LD. This plurality creates a complex orchestrated mechanism that is directly related to the healthy balance between lipogenesis and lipolysis. Given the essential role of PLINs in the modulation of the lipid metabolism, these proteins can become interesting targets for the treatment of lipid-associated diseases. Since reprogrammed lipid metabolism is a recognized cancer hallmark, and obesity is a known risk factor for cancer and other comorbidities, the modulation of PLINs could either improve existing treatments or create new opportunities for the treatment of these diseases. Even though PLINs have not been, so far, directly considered for pharmacological interventions, there are many established drugs that can modulate PLINs activity. Therefore, the aim of this study is to assess the involvement of PLINs in diseases related to lipid metabolism dysregulation and whether PLINs can be viewed as potential therapeutic targets for cancer and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victória Bombarda-Rocha
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (V.B.-R.); (D.S.); (A.B.-E.); (P.N.); (P.F.)
- UCIBIO–Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Dany Silva
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (V.B.-R.); (D.S.); (A.B.-E.); (P.N.); (P.F.)
- UCIBIO–Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Allal Badr-Eddine
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (V.B.-R.); (D.S.); (A.B.-E.); (P.N.); (P.F.)
| | - Patrícia Nogueira
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (V.B.-R.); (D.S.); (A.B.-E.); (P.N.); (P.F.)
- UCIBIO–Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Jorge Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (V.B.-R.); (D.S.); (A.B.-E.); (P.N.); (P.F.)
- UCIBIO–Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Fresco
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (V.B.-R.); (D.S.); (A.B.-E.); (P.N.); (P.F.)
- UCIBIO–Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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8
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Potocka N, Skrzypa M, Zadarko-Domaradzka M, Barabasz Z, Penar-Zadarko B, Sakowicz A, Zadarko E, Zawlik I. Effects of the Trp64Arg Polymorphism in the ADRB3 Gene on Body Composition, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, and Physical Activity in Healthy Adults. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1541. [PMID: 37628593 PMCID: PMC10454489 DOI: 10.3390/genes14081541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The ADRB3 gene plays a role in energy expenditure by participating in lipolysis, which affects body composition and performance. The ADRB3 rs4994 polymorphism has been studied in groups of athletes, overweight individuals, and obese and diabetic patients, but it has not been studied in young and healthy adults so far. In the present study, we examined the association of ADRB3 rs4994 polymorphism with body composition, somatotype, cardiorespiratory fitness and physical activity in young, healthy adults (N = 304). All subjects had anthropometric measurements, and somatotypes were assessed using the Heath-Carter method. In addition, cardiorespiratory fitness and physical activity levels were assessed. Genotyping for the ADRB3 gene was performed using a PCR-RFLP method. In the male group, body components were associated with the Trp64Trp genotype (waist circumference (p = 0.035), hip circumference (p = 0.029), BF (%) (p = 0.008), and BF (kg) (p = 0.010), BMI (p = 0.005), WHtR (p = 0.021), and BAI (p = 0.006)). In addition, we observed that the Trp64Trp genotype was associated with somatotype components (p = 0.013). In contrast, the Arg allele was associated with the ectomorphic components (0.006). We also observed a positive impact of the Trp64Trp genotype with maximal oxygen uptake (p= 0.023) and oxygen pulse (p = 0.024). We observed a negative relationship of the Trp64Trp genotype in the female group with reported moderate-intensity exercise (p = 0.036). In conclusion, we found an association of the Trp64 allele with anthropometric traits, somatotype and parameters describing physical performance in the male group. In the female subpopulation, we only found an effect of the polymorphism Trp64Arg on the level of physical activity for moderate-intensity exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Potocka
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Centre for Innovative Research in Medical and Natural Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, Warzywna 1a, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland; (N.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Marzena Skrzypa
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Centre for Innovative Research in Medical and Natural Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, Warzywna 1a, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland; (N.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Maria Zadarko-Domaradzka
- Institute of Physical Culture Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, Cicha 2a, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland; (M.Z.-D.); (E.Z.)
| | - Zbigniew Barabasz
- Department of Physical Education, State University of Applied Sciences in Krosno, Rynek 1, 38-400 Krosno, Poland;
| | - Beata Penar-Zadarko
- Institute of Health Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, Kopisto 2a, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland;
| | - Agata Sakowicz
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Medical University of Lodz, Żeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Emilian Zadarko
- Institute of Physical Culture Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, Cicha 2a, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland; (M.Z.-D.); (E.Z.)
| | - Izabela Zawlik
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Centre for Innovative Research in Medical and Natural Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, Warzywna 1a, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland; (N.P.); (M.S.)
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, Kopisto 2a, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland
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9
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Joyce W. Evolutionary loss of the ß1-adrenergic receptor in salmonids. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2023; 338:114279. [PMID: 37019291 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2023.114279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Whole-genome duplications (WGDs) have been at the heart of the diversification of ß-adrenergic receptors (ß-ARs) in vertebrates. Non-teleost jawed vertebrates typically possess three ß-AR genes: adrb1 (ß1-AR), adrb2 (ß2-AR), and adrb3 (ß3-AR), originating from the ancient 2R (two rounds) WGDs. Teleost fishes, owing to the teleost-specific WGD, have five ancestral adrb paralogs (adrb1, adrb2a, adrb2b, adrb3a and adrb3b). Salmonids are particularly intriguing from an evolutionary perspective as they experienced an additional WGD after separating from other teleosts. Moreover, adrenergic regulation in salmonids, especially rainbow trout, has been intensively studied for decades. However, the repertoire of adrb genes in salmonids has not been yet characterized. An exhaustive genome survey of diverse salmonids, spanning five genera, complemented by phylogenetic sequence analysis, revealed each species has seven adrb paralogs: two adrb2a, two adrb2b, two adrb3a and one adrb3b. Surprisingly, salmonids emerge as the first known jawed vertebrate lineage to lack adrb1. adrb1 is nevertheless highly expressed in the hearts of non-salmonid teleosts, indicating that the wealth of data on adrenergic regulation in salmonids should be generalised to other teleost fishes with caution. It is hypothesised that the loss of adrb1 could have been viable because of the evolutionary radiation of adrb2 and adrb3 genes attributable to the salmonid WGD.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Joyce
- Department of Biology - Zoophysiology, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom.
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10
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Tracy EP, Dukes M, Rowe G, Beare JE, Nair R, LeBlanc AJ. Stromal Vascular Fraction Restores Vasodilatory Function by Reducing Oxidative Stress in Aging-Induced Coronary Microvascular Disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2023; 38:261-281. [PMID: 35950616 PMCID: PMC9968627 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Aims: The objective of this study is to identify mechanisms for adipose stromal vascular fraction's (SVF) restorative effects on vasodilation in aging-induced coronary microvascular disease (CMD). We hypothesize that reactive oxygen species (ROS) diminish β1-adrenergic receptor (β1ADR)- and flow-mediated dilation (FMD) in coronary arterioles, reversible by SVF and adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs). Results: SVF attenuates aging-induced chronic accumulation of ROS and pro-oxidant gene and protein expression with enhancement of antioxidant gene and protein expression and glutathione, but not nitric oxide. ADSCs attenuate hydrogen peroxide while restoring nitric oxide and glutathione. Mass spectrometry of SVF- and ADSC-conditioned media reveals abundant antioxidant proteins suggesting a paracrine mechanism. FMD and β1ADR-mediated dilation diminished with aging, restored with SVF and ADSCs. FMD was restored by a switch in the acute signaling mediator from hydrogen peroxide in aging to peroxynitrite with SVF and ADSCs. Vasorelaxation to β1ADR-agonism was mechanistically linked with hydrogen peroxide, nitric oxide, and glutathione. Exogenous ROS eliminates isoproterenol-mediated dilation in youth that is blocked by inhibition of pro-desensitization and internalization proteins while nitric oxide enhances isoproterenol-mediated dilation in aging. Innovation: We introduce a novel mechanism by which ROS impacts β1ADR trafficking: the ROS/RNS-β1ADR desensitization and internalization axis. Aging-induced ROS shunts β1ADR from the plasma membrane into endosomes. SVF reduces oxidative burden, restoring functional β1ADR. Conclusions: SVF (and ADSCs to a lesser extent) reduce oxidative stress, and restore flow- and β1ADR-mediated vasodilation in aging. SVF represents a promising therapeutic strategy for CMD by addressing root cause of pathology; that is, oxidative stress-mediated hyperconstriction. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 38, 261-281.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan Paul Tracy
- Department of Physiology and University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Michaela Dukes
- Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Gabrielle Rowe
- Department of Physiology and University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Jason E. Beare
- Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center and University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Rajeev Nair
- Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Amanda Jo LeBlanc
- Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
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11
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Hong AE, Ryu MS, Lim IK. Proper regulation of β-adrenergic signal requires Btg2 gene for lipolysis and thermogenesis in response to starvation or cold acclimation in female mice. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 111:109160. [PMID: 36179768 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Mammals maintain constant body temperature in cold environment by activating thermogenesis via adrenergic/protein kinase A (PKA) signaling. B-cell translocation gene 2 (BTG2/Tis21), induced by PKA signaling, regulates glucose and lipid metabolism in liver, yet its role in lipolysis and in thermogenesis is not explored. Here, Btg2-knockout (KO) mice failed to maintain body temperature under starvation, or in cold acclimation. And norepinephrine-induced thermogenic response was turned off earlier in the KO mice. Gender specifically, gonadal white adipose tissues (gWAT) of female-KO were very active in lipolysis in fed state, however, the fat degradation was diminished upon fasting or cold acclimation. Also, insulin sensitivity was increased in female-KO, but not in male-KO mice, along with the low bone mineral density and small brown adipose tissues (BAT). In the mechanistic aspect, expressions of UCP1 and lipases (LPL, ATGL, HSL) in gWAT of female-KO mice were significantly reduced in response to adrenergic signals. Here, we present some data that Btg2 gene is essential for properly respond to β-adrenergic signals, and plays as a negative regulator of insulin signaling in female mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen Eugene Hong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Sook Ryu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - In Kyoung Lim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Tracy EP, Hughes W, Beare JE, Rowe G, Beyer A, LeBlanc AJ. Aging-Induced Impairment of Vascular Function: Mitochondrial Redox Contributions and Physiological/Clinical Implications. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 35:974-1015. [PMID: 34314229 PMCID: PMC8905248 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Significance: The vasculature responds to the respiratory needs of tissue by modulating luminal diameter through smooth muscle constriction or relaxation. Coronary perfusion, diastolic function, and coronary flow reserve are drastically reduced with aging. This loss of blood flow contributes to and exacerbates pathological processes such as angina pectoris, atherosclerosis, and coronary artery and microvascular disease. Recent Advances: Increased attention has recently been given to defining mechanisms behind aging-mediated loss of vascular function and development of therapeutic strategies to restore youthful vascular responsiveness. The ultimate goal aims at providing new avenues for symptom management, reversal of tissue damage, and preventing or delaying of aging-induced vascular damage and dysfunction in the first place. Critical Issues: Our major objective is to describe how aging-associated mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to endothelial and smooth muscle dysfunction via dysregulated reactive oxygen species production, the clinical impact of this phenomenon, and to discuss emerging therapeutic strategies. Pathological changes in regulation of mitochondrial oxidative and nitrosative balance (Section 1) and mitochondrial dynamics of fission/fusion (Section 2) have widespread effects on the mechanisms underlying the ability of the vasculature to relax, leading to hyperconstriction with aging. We will focus on flow-mediated dilation, endothelial hyperpolarizing factors (Sections 3 and 4), and adrenergic receptors (Section 5), as outlined in Figure 1. The clinical implications of these changes on major adverse cardiac events and mortality are described (Section 6). Future Directions: We discuss antioxidative therapeutic strategies currently in development to restore mitochondrial redox homeostasis and subsequently vascular function and evaluate their potential clinical impact (Section 7). Antioxid. Redox Signal. 35, 974-1015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan Paul Tracy
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - William Hughes
- Department of Medicine and Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jason E Beare
- Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA.,Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Gabrielle Rowe
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Andreas Beyer
- Department of Medicine and Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Amanda Jo LeBlanc
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA.,Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
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13
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Harford TJ, Rezaee F, Gupta MK, Bokun V, Naga Prasad SV, Piedimonte G. Respiratory syncytial virus induces β 2-adrenergic receptor dysfunction in human airway smooth muscle cells. Sci Signal 2021; 14:14/685/eabc1983. [PMID: 34074703 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abc1983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Pharmacologic agonism of the β2-adrenergic receptor (β2AR) induces bronchodilation by activating the enzyme adenylyl cyclase to generate cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). β2AR agonists are generally the most effective strategy to relieve acute airway obstruction in asthmatic patients, but they are much less effective when airway obstruction in young patients is triggered by infection with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Here, we investigated the effects of RSV infection on the abundance and function of β2AR in primary human airway smooth muscle cells (HASMCs) derived from pediatric lung tissue. We showed that RSV infection of HASMCs resulted in proteolytic cleavage of β2AR mediated by the proteasome. RSV infection also resulted in β2AR ligand-independent activation of adenylyl cyclase, leading to reduced cAMP synthesis compared to that in uninfected control cells. Last, RSV infection caused stronger airway smooth muscle cell contraction in vitro due to increased cytosolic Ca2+ concentrations. Thus, our results suggest that RSV infection simultaneously induces loss of functional β2ARs and activation of multiple pathways favoring airway obstruction in young patients, with the net effect of counteracting β2AR agonist-induced bronchodilation. These findings not only provide a potential mechanism for the reported lack of clinical efficacy of β2AR agonists for treating virus-induced wheezing but also open the path to developing more precise therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terri J Harford
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Fariba Rezaee
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Manveen K Gupta
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Vladimir Bokun
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Sathyamangla V Naga Prasad
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Giovanni Piedimonte
- Departments of Pediatrics, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
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14
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Boczek T, Mackiewicz J, Sobolczyk M, Wawrzyniak J, Lisek M, Ferenc B, Guo F, Zylinska L. The Role of G Protein-Coupled Receptors (GPCRs) and Calcium Signaling in Schizophrenia. Focus on GPCRs Activated by Neurotransmitters and Chemokines. Cells 2021; 10:cells10051228. [PMID: 34067760 PMCID: PMC8155952 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a common debilitating disease characterized by continuous or relapsing episodes of psychosis. Although the molecular mechanisms underlying this psychiatric illness remain incompletely understood, a growing body of clinical, pharmacological, and genetic evidence suggests that G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) play a critical role in disease development, progression, and treatment. This pivotal role is further highlighted by the fact that GPCRs are the most common targets for antipsychotic drugs. The GPCRs activation evokes slow synaptic transmission through several downstream pathways, many of them engaging intracellular Ca2+ mobilization. Dysfunctions of the neurotransmitter systems involving the action of GPCRs in the frontal and limbic-related regions are likely to underly the complex picture that includes the whole spectrum of positive and negative schizophrenia symptoms. Therefore, the progress in our understanding of GPCRs function in the control of brain cognitive functions is expected to open new avenues for selective drug development. In this paper, we review and synthesize the recent data regarding the contribution of neurotransmitter-GPCRs signaling to schizophrenia symptomology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Boczek
- Department of Molecular Neurochemistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lodz, 92215 Lodz, Poland; (T.B.); (J.M.); (M.S.); (J.W.); (M.L.); (B.F.)
| | - Joanna Mackiewicz
- Department of Molecular Neurochemistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lodz, 92215 Lodz, Poland; (T.B.); (J.M.); (M.S.); (J.W.); (M.L.); (B.F.)
| | - Marta Sobolczyk
- Department of Molecular Neurochemistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lodz, 92215 Lodz, Poland; (T.B.); (J.M.); (M.S.); (J.W.); (M.L.); (B.F.)
| | - Julia Wawrzyniak
- Department of Molecular Neurochemistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lodz, 92215 Lodz, Poland; (T.B.); (J.M.); (M.S.); (J.W.); (M.L.); (B.F.)
| | - Malwina Lisek
- Department of Molecular Neurochemistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lodz, 92215 Lodz, Poland; (T.B.); (J.M.); (M.S.); (J.W.); (M.L.); (B.F.)
| | - Bozena Ferenc
- Department of Molecular Neurochemistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lodz, 92215 Lodz, Poland; (T.B.); (J.M.); (M.S.); (J.W.); (M.L.); (B.F.)
| | - Feng Guo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China;
| | - Ludmila Zylinska
- Department of Molecular Neurochemistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lodz, 92215 Lodz, Poland; (T.B.); (J.M.); (M.S.); (J.W.); (M.L.); (B.F.)
- Correspondence:
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15
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The autonomic nervous system in septic shock and its role as a future therapeutic target: a narrative review. Ann Intensive Care 2021; 11:80. [PMID: 33999297 PMCID: PMC8128952 DOI: 10.1186/s13613-021-00869-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The autonomic nervous system (ANS) regulates the cardiovascular system. A growing body of experimental and clinical evidence confirms significant dysfunction of this regulation during sepsis and septic shock. Clinical guidelines do not currently include any evaluation of ANS function during the resuscitation phase of septic shock despite the fact that the severity and persistence of ANS dysfunction are correlated with worse clinical outcomes. In the critical care setting, the clinical use of ANS-related hemodynamic indices is currently limited to preliminary investigations trying to predict and anticipate imminent clinical deterioration. In this review, we discuss the evidence supporting the concept that, in septic shock, restoration of ANS-mediated control of the cardiovascular system or alleviation of the clinical consequences induced by its dysfunction (e.g., excessive tachycardia, etc.), may be an important therapeutic goal, in combination with traditional resuscitation targets. Recent studies, which have used standard and advanced monitoring methods and mathematical models to investigate the ANS-mediated mechanisms of physiological regulation, have shown the feasibility and importance of monitoring ANS hemodynamic indices at the bedside, based on the acquisition of simple signals, such as heart rate and arterial blood pressure fluctuations. During the early phase of septic shock, experimental and/or clinical studies have shown the efficacy of negative-chronotropic agents (i.e., beta-blockers or ivabradine) in controlling persistent tachycardia despite adequate resuscitation. Central α-2 agonists have been shown to prevent peripheral adrenergic receptor desensitization by reducing catecholamine exposure. Whether these new therapeutic approaches can safely improve clinical outcomes remains to be confirmed in larger clinical trials. New technological solutions are now available to non-invasively modulate ANS outflow, such as transcutaneous vagal stimulation, with initial pre-clinical studies showing promising results and paving the way for ANS modulation to be considered as a new potential therapeutic target in patients with septic shock.
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16
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Ali DC, Naveed M, Gordon A, Majeed F, Saeed M, Ogbuke MI, Atif M, Zubair HM, Changxing L. β-Adrenergic receptor, an essential target in cardiovascular diseases. Heart Fail Rev 2021; 25:343-354. [PMID: 31407140 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-019-09825-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
β-Adrenergic receptors (βARs) belong to a large family of cell surface receptors known as G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). They are coupled to Gs protein (Gαs) for the activation of adenylyl cyclase (AC) yielding cyclic AMP (CAMP), and this provides valuable responses, which can affect the cardiac function such as injury. The binding of an agonist to βAR enhances conformation changes that lead to the Gαs subtype of heterotrimeric G protein which is the AC stimulatory G protein for activation of CAMP in the cells. However, cardiovascular diseases (CVD) have been reported as having an increased rate of death and β1AR, and β2AR are a promising tool that improves the regulatory function in the cardiovascular system (CVS) via signaling. It increases the Gα level, which activates βAR kinase (βARK) that affects and enhances the progression of heart failure (HF) through the activation of cardiomyocyte βARs. We also explained that an increase in GPCR kinases (GRKs) would practically improve the HF pathogenesis and this occurs via the desensitization of βARs, which causes the loss of contractile reserve. The consistency or overstimulation of catecholamines contributes to CVD such as stroke, HF, and cardiac hypertrophy. When there is a decrease in catecholamine responsiveness, it causes aging in old people because the reduction of βAR sensitivity and density in the myocardium enhances downregulation of βARs to AC in the human heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Chikere Ali
- Department of Microbiological and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Life Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Naveed
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, 211166, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Andrew Gordon
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Fatima Majeed
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Saeed
- Faculty of Animal Production and Technology, The Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur, 6300, Punjab Province, Pakistan
| | - Michael I Ogbuke
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Atif
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Alternative Medicine, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Punjab Province, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Muhammad Zubair
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Changxing
- Department of Human Anatomy, Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining, 810000, Qinghai Province, People's Republic of China.
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17
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Mohan ML, Nagatomo Y, Saha PP, Mukherjee SD, Engelman T, Morales R, Hazen SL, Tang WHW, Naga Prasad SV. The IgG3 subclass of β1-adrenergic receptor autoantibodies is an endogenous biaser of β1AR signaling. Mol Biol Cell 2021; 32:622-633. [PMID: 33534612 PMCID: PMC8101462 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e20-06-0394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of immune responses has been linked to the generation of immunoglobulin G (IgG) autoantibodies that target human β1ARs and contribute to deleterious cardiac outcomes. Given the benefits of β-blockers observed in patients harboring the IgG3 subclass of autoantibodies, we investigated the role of these autoantibodies in human β1AR function. Serum and purified IgG3(+) autoantibodies from patients with onset of cardiomyopathy were tested using human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells expressing human β1ARs. Unexpectedly, pretreatment of cells with IgG3(+) serum or purified IgG3(+) autoantibodies impaired dobutamine-mediated adenylate cyclase (AC) activity and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) generation while enhancing biased β-arrestin recruitment and Extracellular Regulated Kinase (ERK) activation. In contrast, the β-blocker metoprolol increased AC activity and cAMP in the presence of IgG3(+) serum or IgG3(+) autoantibodies. Because IgG3(+) autoantibodies are specific to human β1ARs, non-failing human hearts were used as an endogenous system to determine their ability to bias β1AR signaling. Consistently, metoprolol increased AC activity, reflecting the ability of the IgG3(+) autoantibodies to bias β-blocker toward G-protein coupling. Importantly, IgG3(+) autoantibodies are specific toward β1AR as they did not alter β2AR signaling. Thus, IgG3(+) autoantibody biases β-blocker toward G-protein coupling while impairing agonist-mediated G-protein activation but promoting G-protein-independent ERK activation. This phenomenon may underlie the beneficial outcomes observed in patients harboring IgG3(+) β1AR autoantibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maradumane L Mohan
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, and
| | - Yuji Nagatomo
- Department of Cardiology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan, 359-8513
| | | | - Sromona D Mukherjee
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, and
| | - Timothy Engelman
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, and
| | - Rommel Morales
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, and
| | - Stanley L Hazen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, and
| | - W H Wilson Tang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
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18
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Shi Z, Bamford IJ, McKinley JW, Devi SPS, Vahedipour A, Bamford NS. Propranolol Relieves L-Dopa-Induced Dyskinesia in Parkinsonian Mice. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10120903. [PMID: 33255421 PMCID: PMC7760026 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10120903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinsonism is caused by dopamine (DA) insufficiency and results in a hypokinetic movement disorder. Treatment with L-Dopa can restore DA availability and improve motor function, but patients can develop L-Dopa-induced dyskinesia (LID), a secondary hyperkinetic movement disorder. The mechanism underlying LID remains unknown, and new treatments are needed. Experiments in mice have shown that DA deficiency promotes an imbalance between striatal acetylcholine (ACh) and DA that contributes to motor dysfunction. While treatment with L-Dopa improves DA availability, it promotes a paradoxical rise in striatal ACh and a further increase in the ACh to DA ratio may promote LID. METHODS We used conditional Slc6a3DTR/+ mice to model progressive DA deficiency and the β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) antagonist propranolol to limit the activity of striatal cholinergic interneurons (ChIs). DA-deficient mice were treated with L-Dopa and the dopa decarboxylase inhibitor benserazide. LID and motor performance were assessed by rotarod, balance beam, and open field testing. Electrophysiological experiments characterized the effects of β-AR ligands on striatal ChIs. RESULTS LID was observed in a subset of DA-deficient mice. Treatment with propranolol relieved LID and motor hyperactivity. Electrophysiological experiments showed that β-ARs can effectively modulate ChI firing. CONCLUSIONS The work suggests that pharmacological modulation of ChIs by β-ARs might provide a therapeutic option for managing LID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqing Shi
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; (Z.S.); (I.J.B.); (J.W.M.); (S.P.S.D.); (A.V.)
| | - Ian J. Bamford
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; (Z.S.); (I.J.B.); (J.W.M.); (S.P.S.D.); (A.V.)
| | - Jonathan W. McKinley
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; (Z.S.); (I.J.B.); (J.W.M.); (S.P.S.D.); (A.V.)
| | - Suma Priya Sudarsana Devi
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; (Z.S.); (I.J.B.); (J.W.M.); (S.P.S.D.); (A.V.)
| | - Annie Vahedipour
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; (Z.S.); (I.J.B.); (J.W.M.); (S.P.S.D.); (A.V.)
| | - Nigel S. Bamford
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; (Z.S.); (I.J.B.); (J.W.M.); (S.P.S.D.); (A.V.)
- Departments of Neurology and Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-203-785-5708
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19
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Ziffert I, Kaiser A, Babilon S, Mörl K, Beck-Sickinger AG. Unusually persistent Gα i-signaling of the neuropeptide Y 2 receptor depletes cellular G i/o pools and leads to a G i-refractory state. Cell Commun Signal 2020; 18:49. [PMID: 32223755 PMCID: PMC7104545 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-020-00537-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A sensitive balance between receptor activation and desensitization is crucial for cellular homeostasis. Like many other GPCR, the human neuropeptide Y2 receptor (hY2R) undergoes ligand dependent activation and internalization into intracellular compartments, followed by recycling to the plasma membrane. This receptor is involved in the pathophysiology of distinct diseases e.g. epilepsy and cancer progression and conveys anorexigenic signals which makes it an interesting and promising anti-obesity target. However, Y2R desensitization was observed after daily treatment with a selective PYY13-36 analog in vivo by a yet unknown mechanism. MATERIALS We studied the desensitization and activatability of recycled Y2R in transiently transfected HEK293 cells as well as in endogenously Y2R expressing SH-SY5Y and SMS-KAN cells. Results were evaluated by one-way ANOVA and Tukey post test. RESULTS We observed strong desensitization of the Y2R in a second round of stimulation despite its reappearance at the membrane. Already the first activation of the Y2R leads to depletion of the functional cellular Gαi/o protein pool and consequently desensitizes the linked signal transduction pathways, independent of receptor internalization. This desensitization also extends to other Gαi/o-coupled GPCR and can be detected in transfected HEK293 as well as in SH-SY5Y and SMS-KAN cell lines, both expressing the Y2R endogenously. By overexpression of chimeric Gαqi proteins in a model system, activation has been rescued, which identifies a critical role of the G protein status for cellular signaling. Furthermore, Y2R displays strong allosteric coupling to inhibitory G proteins in radioligand binding assays, and loses 10-fold affinity in the G protein-depleted state observed after activation, which can be largely abrogated by overexpression of the Gαi-subunit. CONCLUSION The unusually persistent Gαi-signaling of the Y2R leads to a state of cellular desensitization of the inhibitory Gαi-pathway. The strong allosteric effects of the Y2R-Gαi-interaction might be a mechanism that contributes to the burst of Gαi-signaling, but also serves as a mechanism to limit the Y2-mediated signaling after recycling. Thus, the cell is left in a refractory state, preventing further Gαi-signaling of the Y2R itself but also other Gαi/o-coupled receptors by simply controlling the repertoire of downstream effectors. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Ziffert
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Leipzig University, Brüderstr. 34, D-04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anette Kaiser
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Leipzig University, Brüderstr. 34, D-04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stefanie Babilon
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Leipzig University, Brüderstr. 34, D-04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Karin Mörl
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Leipzig University, Brüderstr. 34, D-04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Annette G Beck-Sickinger
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Leipzig University, Brüderstr. 34, D-04103, Leipzig, Germany.
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20
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Belletti A, Landoni G, Lomivorotov VV, Oriani A, Ajello S. Adrenergic Downregulation in Critical Care: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Evidence. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2019; 34:1023-1041. [PMID: 31839459 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2019.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Catecholamines remain the mainstay of therapy for acute cardiovascular dysfunction. However, adrenergic receptors quickly undergo desensitization and downregulation after prolonged stimulation. Moreover, prolonged exposure to high circulating catecholamines levels is associated with several adverse effects on different organ systems. Unfortunately, in critically ill patients, adrenergic downregulation translates into progressive reduction of cardiovascular response to exogenous catecholamine administration, leading to refractory shock. Accordingly, there has been a growing interest in recent years toward use of noncatecholaminergic inotropes and vasopressors. Several studies investigating a wide variety of catecholamine-sparing strategies (eg, levosimendan, vasopressin, β-blockers, steroids, and use of mechanical circulatory support) have been published recently. Use of these agents was associated with improvement in hemodynamics and decreased catecholamine use but without a clear beneficial effect on major clinical outcomes. Accordingly, additional research is needed to define the optimal management of catecholamine-resistant shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Belletti
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Landoni
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Vladimir V Lomivorotov
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center, Novosibirsk, Russia; Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Alessandro Oriani
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Ajello
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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21
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Ziegler O, Anderson K, Liu Y, Ehsan A, Fingleton J, Sodha N, Feng J, Sellke FW. Skeletal muscle microvasculature response to β-adrenergic stimuli is diminished with cardiac surgery. Surgery 2019; 167:493-498. [PMID: 31493902 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2019.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac surgery and cardiopulmonary bypass are associated with alterations in blood pressure in the perioperative period, which, if uncontrolled, can result in end organ damage or dysfunction. Microvessels, significant contributors to blood pressure, both in the myocardium and peripheral skeletal muscle, have diminished responsiveness to major mediators of vascular tone, including thromboxane and serotonin after cardiopulmonary bypass. Responsiveness of these vessels to β-adrenergic stimulation, a major mediator of vascular tone, has not yet been studied. In this report, we investigated the role of β-adrenergic receptors in vascular tone regulation in human skeletal muscle microvessels before and after β-adrenergic stimulation. METHODS Skeletal muscle microvessels were isolated from patients undergoing cardiac surgery before and after cardiopulmonary bypass. Vessels were exposed in an ex vivo model to the β-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol, or the direct adenylyl cyclase activator, forskolin, and the selective β-receptor antagonist ICI18.551 hydrochloride plus isoproterenol. Immunofluorescence of β receptors and Western blotting were also performed. RESULTS Microvessels showed diminished responsiveness to isoproterenol (10-6 to 10-4M) after cardiopulmonary bypass (n = 8/group, P = .01). Pretreatment with the selective β-2 blocker ICI18.551 (10-6M) prevented isoproterenol-induced microvascular relaxation (P = .001). Forskolin-induced relaxation response was also significantly diminished after cardiopulmonary bypass (n = 4/group, P < .05 versus before cardiopulmonary bypass). No significant changes in the total protein expression of β-1, β-2, and β-3 receptors were detected by western blotting or immunofluorescence. CONCLUSION Microvessels isolated from human skeletal muscle show diminished responsiveness to isoproterenol and its downstream activator forskolin after cardiopulmonary bypass, suggesting there is an alteration in β-adrenergic receptor responsive in adenylate cyclase. The relaxation response to isoproterenol was via activation β-2 receptors without changes in β-adrenergic receptor abundance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Ziegler
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI
| | - Kelsey Anderson
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI
| | - Yuhong Liu
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI
| | - Afshin Ehsan
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI
| | - James Fingleton
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI
| | - Neel Sodha
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI
| | - Jun Feng
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI
| | - Frank W Sellke
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI.
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22
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He Y, Zhang X, Liu J, Zhang J, Wang X. Radiosynthesis of β-phenylethylamine derivatives for cardiac sympathetic nervous PET imaging. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-018-06405-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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23
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Autonomic Neuromodulation Acutely Ameliorates Left Ventricular Strain in Humans. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2018; 12:221-230. [PMID: 30560316 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-018-9853-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Low-level transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation at the tragus (LLTS) is anti-adrenergic. We aimed to evaluate the acute effects of LLTS on left ventricular (LV) function and autonomic tone. Patients with diastolic dysfunction and preserved LV ejection fraction were enrolled in a prospective, randomized, double-blind, 2 × 2 cross-over study. Patients received two separate, 1-h sessions, at least 1 day apart, of active LLTS (20 Hz, 1 mA below the discomfort threshold) and sham stimulation. Echocardiography was performed after LLTS or sham stimulation to assess cardiac function. A 5-min ECG was performed to assess heart rate variability (HRV). Twenty-four patients were enrolled. LV global longitudinal strain improved by 1.8 ± 0.9% during active LLTS compared to sham stimulation (p = 0.001). Relative to baseline, HRV frequency domain components (low frequency, high frequency, and their ratio) were favorably altered after LLTS compared to sham stimulation (all p < 0.05). We concluded that LLTS acutely ameliorates cardiac mechanics by modulating the autonomic tone. Trial registration: NCT02983448.
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24
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW Proinflammatory cytokines are consistently elevated in congestive heart failure. In the current review, we provide an overview on the current understanding of how tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), a key proinflammatory cytokine, potentiates heart failure by overwhelming the anti-inflammatory responses disrupting the homeostasis. RECENT FINDINGS Studies have shown co-relationship between severity of heart failure and levels of the proinflammatory cytokine TNFα and one of its secondary mediators interleukin-6 (IL-6), suggesting their potential as biomarkers. Recent efforts have focused on understanding the mechanisms of how proinflammatory cytokines contribute towards cardiac dysfunction and failure. In addition, how unchecked proinflammatory cytokines and their cross-talk with sympathetic system overrides the anti-inflammatory response underlying failure. The review offers insights on how TNFα and IL-6 contribute to cardiac dysfunction and failure. Furthermore, this provides a forum to begin the discussion on the cross-talk between sympathetic drive and proinflammatory cytokines and its determinant role in deleterious outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Schumacher
- NB50, Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Sathyamangla V Naga Prasad
- NB50, Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
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25
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Marino VSP, Dumont SM, Mota LDG, Braga DDS, Freitas SSD, Moreira MDCV. Sympathetic Dysautonomia in Heart Failure by 123I-MIBG: comparison between Chagasic, non-Chagasic and heart transplant patients. Arq Bras Cardiol 2018; 111:182-190. [PMID: 30088556 PMCID: PMC6122917 DOI: 10.5935/abc.20180124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Heart failure (HF) is a severe public health problem because of its high
morbidity and mortality and elevated costs, thus requiring better
understanding of its course. In its complex and multifactorial pathogenesis,
sympathetic hyperactivity plays a relevant role. Considering that
sympathetic dysfunction is already present in the initial phases of chronic
Chagas cardiomyopathy (CCC) and frequently associated with a worse
prognosis, we assumed it could be more severe in CCC than in
cardiomyopathies of other etiologies (non-CCC). Objectives To assess the cardiac sympathetic dysfunction 123I-MIBG) of HF,
comparing individuals with CCC to those with non-CCC, using heart transplant
(HT) patients as denervated heart parameters. Methods We assessed 76 patients with functional class II-VI HF, being 25 CCC (17
men), 25 non-CCC (14 men) and 26 HT (20 men), by use of cardiac
123I-metaiodobenzylguanidine 123I-MIBG)
scintigraphy, estimating the early and late heart-to-mediastinum ratio (HMR)
of 123I-MIBG uptake and cardiac washout (WO%). The 5%
significance level was adopted in the statistical analysis. Results The early and late HMR values were 1.73 ± 0.24 and 1.58 ± 0.27,
respectively, in CCC, and 1.62 ± 0.21 and 1.44 ± 0.16 in
non-CCC (p = NS), being, however, higher in HT patients (p < 0.001). The
WO% values were 41.65 ± 21.4 (CCC), 47.37 ± 14.19% (non-CCC)
and 43.29 ± 23.02 (HT), p = 0.057. The late HMR values showed a
positive weak correlation with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in
CCC and non-CCC (r = 0.42 and p = 0.045; and r = 0.49 and p = 0.015,
respectively). Conclusion Sympathetic hyperactivity 123I-MIBG) was evidenced in patients
with class II-IV HF, LVEF < 45%, independently of the HF etiology, as
compared to HT patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sandra Monetti Dumont
- Departamento de Anatomia e Imagem da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG - Brazil
| | - Luciene das Graças Mota
- Departamento de Anatomia e Imagem da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG - Brazil
| | - Daniela de Souza Braga
- Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG - Brazil
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26
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Frame MD, Dewar AM, Calizo RC, Qifti A, Scarlata SF. Nitrosative stress uncovers potent β 2-adrenergic receptor-linked vasodilation further enhanced by blockade of clathrin endosome formation. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2018; 314:H1298-H1308. [PMID: 29569954 PMCID: PMC6415737 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00365.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) preexposure on vasodilation via the β-adrenergic receptor (BAR) system. SNP was used as a nitrosative/oxidative proinflammatory insult. Small arterioles were visualized by intravital microscopy in the hamster cheek pouch tissue (isoflurane, n = 45). Control dilation to isoproterenol (EC50: 10-7 mol/l) became biphasic as a function of concentration after 2 min of exposure to SNP (10-4 M), with increased potency at picomolar dilation uncovered and decreased efficacy at the micromolar dilation. Control dilation to curcumin was likewise altered after SNP, but only the increased potency at a low dose was uncovered, whereas micromolar dilation was eliminated. The picomolar dilations were blocked by the potent BAR-2 inverse agonist carazolol (10-9 mol/l). Dynamin inhibition with dynasore mimicked this effect, suggesting that SNP preexposure prevented BAR agonist internalization. Using HeLa cells transfected with BAR-2 tagged with monomeric red fluorescent protein, exposure to 10-8-10-6 mol/l curcumin resulted in internalization and colocalization of BAR-2 and curcumin (FRET) that was prevented by oxidative stress (10-3 mol/l CoCl2), supporting that stress prevented internalization of the BAR agonist with the micromolar agonist. This study presents novel data supporting that distinct pools of BARs are differentially available after inflammatory insult. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Preexposure to an oxidative/nitrosative proinflammatory insult provides a "protective preconditioning" against future oxidative damage. We examined immediate vasoactive and molecular consequences of a brief preexposure via β-adrenergic receptor signaling in small arterioles. Blocked receptor internalization with elevated reactive oxygen levels coincides with a significant and unexpected vasodilation to β-adrenergic agonists at picomolar doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary D Frame
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, New York
| | - Anthony M Dewar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, New York
| | - Rhodora C Calizo
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, New York
| | - Androniqi Qifti
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Worcester Polytechnic Institute , Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Suzanne F Scarlata
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, New York
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Worcester Polytechnic Institute , Worcester, Massachusetts
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27
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Gupta MK, Mohan ML, Naga Prasad SV. G Protein-Coupled Receptor Resensitization Paradigms. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 339:63-91. [PMID: 29776605 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cellular responses to extracellular milieu/environment are driven by cell surface receptors that transmit the signal into the cells resulting in a synchronized and measured response. The ability to provide such exquisite responses to changes in external environment is mediated by the tight and yet, deliberate regulation of cell surface receptor function. In this regard, the seven transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest family of cell surface receptors that regulate responses like cardiac contractility, vision, and olfaction including platelet activation. GPCRs regulate these plethora of events through GPCR-activation, -desensitization, and -resensitization. External stimuli (ligands or agonists) activate GPCR initiating downstream signals. The activated GPCR undergoes inactivation or desensitization by phosphorylation and binding of β-arrestin resulting in diminution of downstream signals. The desensitized GPCRs are internalized into endosomes, wherein they undergo dephosphorylation or resensitization by protein phosphatase to be recycled back to the cell membrane as naïve GPCR ready for the next wave of stimuli. Despite the knowledge that activation, desensitization, and resensitization shoulder an equal role in maintaining GPCR function, major advances have been made in understanding activation and desensitization compared to resensitization. However, increasing evidence shows that resensitization is exquisitely regulated process, thereby contributing to the dynamic regulation of GPCR function. In recognition of these observations, in this chapter we discuss the key advances on the mechanistic underpinning that drive and regulate GPCR function with a focus on resensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manveen K Gupta
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Maradumane L Mohan
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Sathyamangla V Naga Prasad
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States.
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28
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Abstract
Proinflammatory reaction by the body occurs acutely in response to injury that is considered primarily beneficial. However, sustained proinflammatory cytokines observed with chronic pathologies such as metabolic syndrome, cancer, and arthritis are detrimental and in many cases is a major cardiovascular risk factor. Proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) have long been implicated in cardiovascular risk and considered to be a major underlying cause for heart failure (HF). The failure of the anti-TNFα therapy for HF indicates our elusive understanding on the dichotomous role of proinflammatory cytokines on acutely beneficial effects versus long-term deleterious effects. Despite these well-described observations, less is known about the mechanistic underpinnings of proinflammatory cytokines especially TNFα in pathogenesis of HF. Increasing evidence suggests the existence of an active cross-talk between the TNFα receptor signaling and G-protein-coupled receptors such as β-adrenergic receptor (βAR). Given that βARs are the key regulators of cardiac function, the review will discuss the current state of understanding on the role of proinflammatory cytokine TNFα in regulating βAR function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maradumane L Mohan
- *Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH; and †Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
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29
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Ercu M, Klussmann E. Roles of A-Kinase Anchoring Proteins and Phosphodiesterases in the Cardiovascular System. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2018; 5:jcdd5010014. [PMID: 29461511 PMCID: PMC5872362 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd5010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A-kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs) and cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs) are essential enzymes in the cyclic adenosine 3′-5′ monophosphate (cAMP) signaling cascade. They establish local cAMP pools by controlling the intensity, duration and compartmentalization of cyclic nucleotide-dependent signaling. Various members of the AKAP and PDE families are expressed in the cardiovascular system and direct important processes maintaining homeostatic functioning of the heart and vasculature, e.g., the endothelial barrier function and excitation-contraction coupling. Dysregulation of AKAP and PDE function is associated with pathophysiological conditions in the cardiovascular system including heart failure, hypertension and atherosclerosis. A number of diseases, including autosomal dominant hypertension with brachydactyly (HTNB) and type I long-QT syndrome (LQT1), result from mutations in genes encoding for distinct members of the two classes of enzymes. This review provides an overview over the AKAPs and PDEs relevant for cAMP compartmentalization in the heart and vasculature and discusses their pathophysiological role as well as highlights the potential benefits of targeting these proteins and their protein-protein interactions for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ercu
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine Berlin (MDC), Berlin 13125, Germany.
| | - Enno Klussmann
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine Berlin (MDC), Berlin 13125, Germany.
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin 13347, Germany.
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30
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Impaired PARP activity in response to the β-adrenergic receptor agonist isoproterenol. Toxicol In Vitro 2018; 50:29-39. [PMID: 29438734 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Psychological stress has been associated with DNA damage, thus increasing the risk of numerous diseases including cancer. Here, we investigate the effect of acute and chronic stress on poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1), a sensor of DNA damage and DNA repair initiator. In order to mimic the chronic release of epinephrine, human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were treated repeatedly with the sympathomimetic drug isoproterenol. We found significant induction of DNA strand breaks that remained unrepaired 24 h after ex vivo incubation. Isoproterenol-induced DNA strand breaks could be partially prevented by pre-treatment with the β-adrenergic receptor antagonist propranolol. Furthermore, the level of PARP-1 protein and PARP activity decreased and the levels of the PARP substrate nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) and of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), necessary to replenish NAD+ pools, were lowered by isoproterenol treatment. In conclusion our data provide novel insights into the mechanisms of isoproterenol-induced genotoxicity linking β-adrenergic stimulation and PARP-1.
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31
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Patrussi L, Capitani N, Cattaneo F, Manganaro N, Gamberucci A, Frezzato F, Martini V, Visentin A, Pelicci PG, D'Elios MM, Trentin L, Semenzato G, Baldari CT. p66Shc deficiency enhances CXCR4 and CCR7 recycling in CLL B cells by facilitating their dephosphorylation-dependent release from β-arrestin at early endosomes. Oncogene 2018; 37:1534-1550. [PMID: 29326436 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-017-0066-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Neoplastic cell traffic abnormalities are central to the pathogenesis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Enhanced CXC chemokine receptor-4 (CXCR4) and chemokine receptor-7 (CCR7) recycling contributes to the elevated surface levels of these receptors on CLL cells. Here we have addressed the role of p66Shc, a member of the Shc family of protein adaptors the expression of which is defective in CLL cells, in CXCR4/CCR7 recycling. p66Shc reconstitution in CLL cells reduced CXCR4/CCR7 recycling, lowering their surface levels and attenuating B-cell chemotaxis, due to their accumulation in Rab5+ endosomes as serine-phosphoproteins bound to β-arrestin. This results from the ability of p66Shc to inhibit Ca2+ and PP2B-dependent CXCR4/CCR7 dephosphorylation and β-arrestin release. We also show that ibrutinib, a Btk inhibitor that promotes leukemic cell mobilization from lymphoid organs, reverses the CXCR4/CCR7 recycling abnormalities in CLL cells by increasing p66Shc expression. These results, identifying p66Shc as a regulator of CXCR4/CCR7 recycling in B cells, underscore the relevance of its deficiency to CLL pathogenesis and provide new clues to the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of ibrutinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Patrussi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
| | - Nagaja Capitani
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Noemi Manganaro
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Alessandra Gamberucci
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Federica Frezzato
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padua, Italy.,Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, Padua University School of Medicine, Padua, Italy
| | - Veronica Martini
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padua, Italy.,Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, Padua University School of Medicine, Padua, Italy
| | - Andrea Visentin
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padua, Italy.,Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, Padua University School of Medicine, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Mario M D'Elios
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Livio Trentin
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padua, Italy.,Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, Padua University School of Medicine, Padua, Italy
| | - Gianpietro Semenzato
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padua, Italy.,Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, Padua University School of Medicine, Padua, Italy
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Sterczala AJ, Fry AC, Chiu LZF, Schilling BK, Weiss LW, Nicoll JX. β2-adrenergic receptor maladaptations to high power resistance exercise overreaching. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s0362119717040144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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33
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Emerging Paradigms of G Protein-Coupled Receptor Dephosphorylation. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2017; 38:621-636. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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34
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Rajagopal S, Shenoy SK. GPCR desensitization: Acute and prolonged phases. Cell Signal 2017; 41:9-16. [PMID: 28137506 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) transduce a wide array of extracellular signals and regulate virtually every aspect of physiology. While GPCR signaling is essential, overstimulation can be deleterious, resulting in cellular toxicity or uncontrolled cellular growth. Accordingly, nature has developed a number of mechanisms for limiting GPCR signaling, which are broadly referred to as desensitization, and refer to a decrease in response to repeated or continuous stimulation. Short-term desensitization occurs over minutes, and is primarily associated with β-arrestins preventing G protein interaction with a GPCR. Longer-term desensitization, referred to as downregulation, occurs over hours to days, and involves receptor internalization into vesicles, degradation in lysosomes and decreased receptor mRNA levels through unclear mechanisms. Phosphorylation of the receptor by GPCR kinases (GRKs) and the recruitment of β-arrestins is critical to both these short- and long-term desensitization mechanisms. In addition to phosphorylation, both the GPCR and β-arrestins are modified post-translationally in several ways, including by ubiquitination. For many GPCRs, receptor ubiquitination promotes degradation of agonist-activated receptors in the lysosomes. Other proteins also play important roles in desensitization, including phosphodiesterases, RGS family proteins and A-kinase-anchoring proteins. Together, this intricate network of kinases, ubiquitin ligases, and adaptor proteins orchestrate the acute and prolonged desensitization of GPCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sudha K Shenoy
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Durham, NC, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
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35
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Newton R, Giembycz MA. Understanding how long-acting β 2 -adrenoceptor agonists enhance the clinical efficacy of inhaled corticosteroids in asthma - an update. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 173:3405-3430. [PMID: 27646470 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In moderate-to-severe asthma, adding an inhaled long-acting β2 -adenoceptor agonist (LABA) to an inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) provides better disease control than simply increasing the dose of ICS. Acting on the glucocorticoid receptor (GR, gene NR3C1), ICSs promote anti-inflammatory/anti-asthma gene expression. In vitro, LABAs synergistically enhance the maximal expression of many glucocorticoid-induced genes. Other genes, including dual-specificity phosphatase 1(DUSP1) in human airways smooth muscle (ASM) and epithelial cells, are up-regulated additively by both drug classes. Synergy may also occur for LABA-induced genes, as illustrated by the bronchoprotective gene, regulator of G-protein signalling 2 (RGS2) in ASM. Such effects cannot be produced by either drug alone and may explain the therapeutic efficacy of ICS/LABA combination therapies. While the molecular basis of synergy remains unclear, mechanistic interpretations must accommodate gene-specific regulation. We explore the concept that each glucocorticoid-induced gene is an independent signal transducer optimally activated by a specific, ligand-directed, GR conformation. In addition to explaining partial agonism, this realization provides opportunities to identify novel GR ligands that exhibit gene expression bias. Translating this into improved therapeutic ratios requires consideration of GR density in target tissues and further understanding of gene function. Similarly, the ability of a LABA to interact with a glucocorticoid may be suboptimal due to low β2 -adrenoceptor density or biased β2 -adrenoceptor signalling. Strategies to overcome these limitations include adding-on a phosphodiesterase inhibitor and using agonists of other Gs-coupled receptors. In all cases, the rational design of ICS/LABA, and derivative, combination therapies requires functional knowledge of induced (and repressed) genes for therapeutic benefit to be maximized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Newton
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Airways Inflammation Research Group, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Mark A Giembycz
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Airways Inflammation Research Group, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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36
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Carvajal JA, Zambrano MJ, Theodor NM, Moreno LE, Olguín TR, Vanhauwaert PS, Rojas NB, Delpiano AM. The Synergic In Vitro Tocolytic Effect of Nifedipine Plus Ritodrine on Human Myometrial Contractility. Reprod Sci 2016; 24:635-640. [PMID: 27609401 DOI: 10.1177/1933719116667221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Many pharmacological agents have been investigated to manage preterm labor; we postulate that a combination of tocolytic drugs may achieve a better effect in the prevention of uterine contractions without dose-dependent adverse effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the inhibitory effect of dual combinations of tocolytics in vitro. Human myometrium was obtained during elective cesarean sections (term without labor; n = 40). Myometrial strips were placed in organ baths for the measurement of isometric tension. Contractile activity was induced by oxytocin (10-8 mol/L), then a concentration-response curve to single or dual combinations of tocolytics was started. All studied tocolytics (nifedipine, ritodrine, nitroglycerin, atosiban, and NS-1619), when used alone, significantly inhibited myometrial contractions. When combined, nifedipine plus ritodrine produced a significantly greater inhibition of contractility than each drug alone in the midrange of concentrations. The combination of nifedipine plus nitroglycerin or nifedipine plus atosiban produced a significantly greater inhibition than nitroglycerin or atosiban alone but not greater than nifedipine. The combination of nifedipine plus NS-1619 (Ca+2-activated K+ [BKCa] channel opener) reduced the inhibitory effect of each drug. We concluded that a selected combination of tocolytics (nifedipine plus ritodrine) produced a significantly greater inhibitory effect on contractility than each drug alone at intermediate concentrations. Thus, specific combinations of tocolytics with different intracellular signaling pathways may have a synergic effect constituting a provocative new option for preterm labor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Andrés Carvajal
- 1 Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - María José Zambrano
- 1 Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nur Mónica Theodor
- 1 Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis Emilio Moreno
- 1 Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Thiare Rosario Olguín
- 1 Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paula Sofía Vanhauwaert
- 1 Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nevenka Belén Rojas
- 1 Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ana María Delpiano
- 1 Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Radulovic M, Baqader NO, Stoeber K, Godovac-Zimmermann J. Spatial Cross-Talk between Oxidative Stress and DNA Replication in Human Fibroblasts. J Proteome Res 2016; 15:1907-38. [PMID: 27142241 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
MS-based proteomics has been applied to a differential network analysis of the nuclear-cytoplasmic subcellular distribution of proteins between cell-cycle arrest: (a) at the origin activation checkpoint for DNA replication, or (b) in response to oxidative stress. Significant changes were identified for 401 proteins. Cellular response combines changes in trafficking and in total abundance to vary the local compartmental abundances that are the basis of cellular response. Appreciable changes for both perturbations were observed for 245 proteins, but cross-talk between oxidative stress and DNA replication is dominated by 49 proteins that show strong changes for both. Many nuclear processes are influenced by a spatial switch involving the proteins {KPNA2, KPNB1, PCNA, PTMA, SET} and heme/iron proteins HMOX1 and FTH1. Dynamic spatial distribution data are presented for proteins involved in caveolae, extracellular matrix remodelling, TGFβ signaling, IGF pathways, emerin complexes, mitochondrial protein import complexes, spliceosomes, proteasomes, and so on. The data indicate that for spatially heterogeneous cells cross-compartmental communication is integral to their system biology, that coordinated spatial redistribution for crucial protein networks underlies many functional changes, and that information on dynamic spatial redistribution of proteins is essential to obtain comprehensive pictures of cellular function. We describe how spatial data of the type presented here can provide priorities for further investigation of crucial features of high-level spatial coordination across cells. We suggest that the present data are related to increasing indications that much of subcellular protein transport is constitutive and that perturbation of these constitutive transport processes may be related to cancer and other diseases. A quantitative, spatially resolved nucleus-cytoplasm interaction network is provided for further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Radulovic
- Division of Medicine, University College London, Center for Nephrology , Royal Free Campus, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom.,Insitute of Oncology and Radiology , Pasterova 14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Noor O Baqader
- Division of Medicine, University College London, Center for Nephrology , Royal Free Campus, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom
| | - Kai Stoeber
- Research Department of Pathology and UCL Cancer Institute, Rockefeller Building, University College London , University Street, London WC1E 6JJ, United Kingdom
| | - Jasminka Godovac-Zimmermann
- Division of Medicine, University College London, Center for Nephrology , Royal Free Campus, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom
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Fan X, Gu X, Zhao R, Zheng Q, Li L, Yang W, Ding L, Xue F, Fan J, Gong Y, Wang Y. Cardiac β2-Adrenergic Receptor Phosphorylation at Ser355/356 Regulates Receptor Internalization and Functional Resensitization. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161373. [PMID: 27541735 PMCID: PMC4991819 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that β2-adrenergic receptors (β2ARs) can be phosphorylated by G protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRKs) and protein kinase A (PKA), affecting β2AR internalization and desensitization. However, the exact physiological function of β2ARs in cardiomyocytes is unknown. In this study, we showed that neonatal mouse cardiomyocytes had different contraction and internalization responses to sustained or repeated, transient agonist stimulation. Specifically, short-time stimulation (10 min) with epinephrine or norepinephrine increased the cardiomyocyte contraction rate, reaching a maximum at 5 min, followed by a slow decline. When the agonist was re-added after a 60-min wash-out period, the increase in the cardiomyocyte contraction rate was similar to the initial response. In contrast, when cardiomyocytes were exposed continuously to epinephrine or norepinephrine for 60 min, the second agonist stimulation did not increase the contraction response. These results indicated that continuous β2AR stimulation caused functional desensitization. Phosphorylation of β2ARs at serine (Ser)355/356 GRK phosphorylation sites, but not at Ser345/346 PKA phosphorylation sites increased with continuous epinephrine stimulation for 60 min. Accordingly, β2AR internalization increased. Interestingly, β2AR internalization was blocked by mutations at the GRK phosphorylation sites, but not by mutations at the PKA phosphorylation sites. Furthermore, inhibition of β2AR dephosphorylation by okadaic acid, a phosphatase 2A inhibitor, impaired the recovery of internalized β2ARs and reduced the cardiomyocyte contraction rate in response to epinephrine. Finally, epinephrine treatment induced the physical interaction of β-arrestin with internalized β2ARs in cardiomyocytes. Together, these data revealed the essential role of the Ser355/356 phosphorylation status of β2ARs in regulating receptor internalization and physiological resensitization in neonatal cardiomyocytes to contraction functions.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Animals, Newborn
- Cells, Cultured
- Epinephrine/pharmacology
- Female
- Kinetics
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred DBA
- Mice, Knockout
- Mutagenesis, Site-Directed
- Mutation/genetics
- Myocytes, Cardiac/cytology
- Myocytes, Cardiac/drug effects
- Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism
- Norepinephrine/pharmacology
- Phosphorylation/drug effects
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-1/genetics
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-1/metabolism
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2/genetics
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2/metabolism
- Serine/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Fan
- Institute of Hypoxia Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Xuejiang Gu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, 1 Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Ru Zhao
- Institute of Hypoxia Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Qingqing Zheng
- Institute of Hypoxia Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Lan Li
- Department of Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Wenbing Yang
- Department of Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Lu Ding
- Institute of Hypoxia Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Feng Xue
- Institute of Hypoxia Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Junming Fan
- Institute of Hypoxia Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Yongsheng Gong
- Institute of Hypoxia Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (YW); (YG)
| | - Yongyu Wang
- Institute of Hypoxia Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (YW); (YG)
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Gupta MK, Asosingh K, Aronica M, Comhair S, Cao G, Erzurum S, Panettieri RA, Naga Prasad SV. Defective Resensitization in Human Airway Smooth Muscle Cells Evokes β-Adrenergic Receptor Dysfunction in Severe Asthma. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125803. [PMID: 26023787 PMCID: PMC4449172 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
β2-adrenergic receptor (β2AR) agonists (β2-agonist) are the most commonly used therapy for acute relief in asthma, but chronic use of these bronchodilators paradoxically exacerbates airway hyper-responsiveness. Activation of βARs by β-agonist leads to desensitization (inactivation) by phosphorylation through G-protein coupled receptor kinases (GRKs) which mediate β-arrestin binding and βAR internalization. Resensitization occurs by dephosphorylation of the endosomal βARs which recycle back to the plasma membrane as agonist-ready receptors. To determine whether the loss in β-agonist response in asthma is due to altered βAR desensitization and/or resensitization, we used primary human airway smooth muscle cells (HASMCs) isolated from the lungs of non-asthmatic and fatal-asthmatic subjects. Asthmatic HASMCs have diminished adenylyl cyclase activity and cAMP response to β-agonist as compared to non-asthmatic HASMCs. Confocal microscopy showed significant accumulation of phosphorylated β2ARs in asthmatic HASMCs. Systematic analysis of desensitization components including GRKs and β-arrestin showed no appreciable differences between asthmatic and non-asthmatic HASMCs. However, asthmatic HASMC showed significant increase in PI3Kγ activity and was associated with reduction in PP2A activity. Since reduction in PP2A activity could alter receptor resensitization, endosomal fractions were isolated to assess the agonist ready β2ARs as a measure of resensitization. Despite significant accumulation of β2ARs in the endosomes of asthmatic HASMCs, endosomal β2ARs cannot robustly activate adenylyl cyclase. Furthermore, endosomes from asthmatic HASMCs are associated with significant increase in PI3Kγ and reduced PP2A activity that inhibits β2AR resensitization. Our study shows that resensitization, a process considered to be a homeostasis maintaining passive process is inhibited in asthmatic HASMCs contributing to β2AR dysfunction which may underlie asthma pathophysiology and loss in asthma control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manveen K. Gupta
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Kewal Asosingh
- Department of Pathology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Mark Aronica
- Department of Pathology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Suzy Comhair
- Department of Pathology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Gaoyuan Cao
- Airways Biology Initiative, Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Division, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Serpil Erzurum
- Department of Pathology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Reynold A. Panettieri
- Airways Biology Initiative, Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Division, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Sathyamangla V. Naga Prasad
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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40
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Mirshahi M, Le Marchand S. Co-purification of arrestin like proteins with alpha-enolase from bovine myocardial tissues and the possible role in heart diseases as an autoantigen. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 460:657-62. [PMID: 25824036 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.03.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
AIM Previously, we reported that visual arrestin co-purified with glycolytic enzymes. The aim of this study was to analyze the co-purification of arrestin like proteins (ALP) in bovine cardiac tissues with enolases. METHODS The soluble extract of bovine myocardial tissues from different regions such as left and right atriums and ventricles of the bovine heart (n = 3) was analyzed by ACA-34 gel filtration, immuno-affinity column, SDS-PAGE, ELISA, western blot and a sandwich immune assay for quantification of ALP and sequence analysis. RESULTS We observed that; 1) The cardiac muscle contained a 50 kDa ALP at a concentration of 751 pg/mg of soluble protein extract, 2) ALP purified, by immunoaffinity, contained alpha-enolase of 48 kDa confirmed by protein sequence analysis; 3) Cardiomyocyte cells exposed to anti arrestin and anti enolase monoclonal antibodies showed decreased proliferation in vitro, 4) High level of autoantibodies were detected by ELISA (3.57% for arrestin and 9.12% for α-enolase) in serum of patients with infarcted heart disease. CONCLUSION We suggest a possible interaction between ALP and alpha-enolases yielding a complex that may be involved in the induction of cardiac autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mirshahi
- UMR Université Paris 7, Hôpital Lariboisière, INSERM U965, Paris, France.
| | - S Le Marchand
- UMR Université Paris 7, Hôpital Lariboisière, INSERM U965, Paris, France
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41
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Kommaddi RP, Jean-Charles PY, Shenoy SK. Phosphorylation of the deubiquitinase USP20 by protein kinase A regulates post-endocytic trafficking of β2 adrenergic receptors to autophagosomes during physiological stress. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:8888-903. [PMID: 25666616 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.630541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitination by the E3 ligase Nedd4 and deubiquitination by the deubiquitinases USP20 and USP33 have been shown to regulate the lysosomal trafficking and recycling of agonist-activated β2 adrenergic receptors (β2ARs). In this work, we demonstrate that, in cells subjected to physiological stress by nutrient starvation, agonist-activated ubiquitinated β2ARs traffic to autophagosomes to colocalize with the autophagy marker protein LC3-II. Furthermore, this trafficking is synchronized by dynamic posttranslational modifications of USP20 that, in turn, are induced in a β2AR-dependent manner. Upon β2AR activation, a specific isoform of the second messenger cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKAα) rapidly phosphorylates USP20 on serine 333 located in its unique insertion domain. This phosphorylation of USP20 correlates with a characteristic SDS-PAGE mobility shift of the protein, blocks its deubiquitinase activity, promotes its dissociation from the activated β2AR complex, and facilitates trafficking of the ubiquitinated β2AR to autophagosomes, which fuse with lysosomes to form autolysosomes where receptors are degraded. Dephosphorylation of USP20 has reciprocal effects and blocks trafficking of the β2AR to autophagosomes while promoting plasma membrane recycling of internalized β2ARs. Our findings reveal a dynamic regulation of USP20 by site-specific phosphorylation as well as the interdependence of signal transduction and trafficking pathways in balancing adrenergic stimulation and maintaining cellular homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sudha K Shenoy
- From the Departments of Medicine and Cell Biology, Duke University, Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
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42
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Abstract
Aldosterone is a steroid hormone synthesized in and secreted from the outer layer of the adrenal cortex, the zona glomerulosa. Aldosterone is responsible for regulating sodium homeostasis, thereby helping to control blood volume and blood pressure. Insufficient aldosterone secretion can lead to hypotension and circulatory shock, particularly in infancy. On the other hand, excessive aldosterone levels, or those too high for sodium status, can cause hypertension and exacerbate the effects of high blood pressure on multiple organs, contributing to renal disease, stroke, visual loss, and congestive heart failure. Aldosterone is also thought to directly induce end-organ damage, including in the kidneys and heart. Because of the significance of aldosterone to the physiology and pathophysiology of the cardiovascular system, it is important to understand the regulation of its biosynthesis and secretion from the adrenal cortex. Herein, the mechanisms regulating aldosterone production in zona glomerulosa cells are discussed, with a particular emphasis on signaling pathways involved in the secretory response to the main controllers of aldosterone production, the renin-angiotensin II system, serum potassium levels and adrenocorticotrophic hormone. The signaling pathways involved include phospholipase C-mediated phosphoinositide hydrolysis, inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate, cytosolic calcium levels, calcium influx pathways, calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases, diacylglycerol, protein kinases C and D, 12-hydroxyeicostetraenoic acid, phospholipase D, mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways, tyrosine kinases, adenylate cyclase, and cAMP-dependent protein kinase. A complete understanding of the signaling events regulating aldosterone biosynthesis may allow the identification of novel targets for therapeutic interventions in hypertension, primary aldosteronism, congestive heart failure, renal disease, and other cardiovascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy B Bollag
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia; Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia
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43
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Bojjireddy N, Guzman-Hernandez ML, Reinhard NR, Jovic M, Balla T. EFR3s are palmitoylated plasma membrane proteins that control responsiveness to G-protein-coupled receptors. J Cell Sci 2014; 128:118-28. [PMID: 25380825 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.157495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The yeast Efr3p protein is a main regulator of the Stt4p phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase at contact sites between the endoplasmic reticulum and the plasma membrane. A mutation in its fly homologue Rbo, leads to diminished light responses in the eye attributed to progressively impaired PLC signaling. Here, we find that Efr3s plays a role in maintaining responsiveness to the type-I angiotensin II (AngII) receptors. siRNA-mediated depletion of EFR3A and EFR3B impaired the sustained phase of cytosolic Ca(2+) response to high concentration of AngII in HEK293 cells that express wild type but not truncated AGTR1 (AT1a receptor), missing the phosphorylation sites. Efr3 depletion had minimal effect on the recovery of plasma membrane phosphoinositides during stimulation, and AT1 receptors still underwent ligand-induced internalization. A higher level of basal receptor phosphorylation and a larger response was observed after stimulation. Moreover, Gq activation more rapidly desensitized after AngII stimulation in Efr3 downregulated cells. A similar but less pronounced effect of EFR3 depletion was observed on the desensitization of the cAMP response after stimulation with isoproterenol. These data suggest that mammalian Efr3s contribute to the control of the phosphorylation state and, hence, desensitization of AT1a receptors, and could affect responsiveness of G-protein-coupled receptors in higher eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Bojjireddy
- Section on Molecular Signal Transduction, Program for Developmental Neuroscience, Eunice Kennedy Shriver NICHD, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Maria Luisa Guzman-Hernandez
- Section on Molecular Signal Transduction, Program for Developmental Neuroscience, Eunice Kennedy Shriver NICHD, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Nathalie Renée Reinhard
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1012 WX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marko Jovic
- Section on Molecular Signal Transduction, Program for Developmental Neuroscience, Eunice Kennedy Shriver NICHD, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Tamas Balla
- Section on Molecular Signal Transduction, Program for Developmental Neuroscience, Eunice Kennedy Shriver NICHD, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Danielewicz H. What the Genetic Background of Individuals with Asthma and Obesity Can Reveal: Is β2-Adrenergic Receptor Gene Polymorphism Important? PEDIATRIC ALLERGY IMMUNOLOGY AND PULMONOLOGY 2014; 27:104-110. [PMID: 25276484 DOI: 10.1089/ped.2014.0360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this review was to evaluate the association of β2-adrenergic receptor (ADRB2) gene polymorphisms with asthma and obesity. Asthma is the most common pediatric inflammatory disorder. The prevalence, severity, and hospitalization index for asthma have increased markedly in the last several decades. Interestingly, asthma is often diagnosed along with obesity. Genetic factors are essential for both conditions, and some of the candidate pleiotropic genes thought to be involved in the development of these diseases are ADRB2, vitamin D receptor (VDR), leptin (LEP), protein kinase C alpha (PRKCA), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα). The ADRB2 has been studied in multiple populations and more than 80 polymorphisms, mainly single-nucleotide polymorphisms, have been identified. For nonsynonymous Arg16Gly, Gln27Glu, and Thr164Ile, functional effects have been shown. In vivo, these polymorphisms have been evaluated to determine their association with both obesity and asthma, but the results are inconsistent and depend on the population studied or how the disease was defined. Currently, there are only few reports describing the genetic background for the comorbidity of asthma and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Danielewicz
- 1st Department of Pediatrics, Allergy and Cardiology, Wroclaw Medical University , Wrocław, Poland
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45
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Johnston PA, Sen M, Hua Y, Camarco D, Shun TY, Lazo JS, Grandis JR. High-content pSTAT3/1 imaging assays to screen for selective inhibitors of STAT3 pathway activation in head and neck cancer cell lines. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2014; 12:55-79. [PMID: 24127660 PMCID: PMC3934522 DOI: 10.1089/adt.2013.524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The oncogenic transcription factor signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is hyperactivated in most cancers and represents a plausible therapeutic target. In the absence of STAT3-selective small-molecule inhibitors, we sought to develop pSTAT3/1 high-content imaging (HCS) assays to screen for selective inhibitors of STAT3 pathway activation in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) tumor cell lines. Based on the expression of the interleukin-6 (IL-6)Rα and gp130 subunits of the IL-6 receptor complex and STAT3, we selected the Cal33 HNSCC cell line as our model. After developing image acquisition and analysis procedures, we rigorously investigated the cytokine activation responses to optimize the dynamic ranges of both assays and demonstrated that the pan-Janus kinase inhibitor pyridone 6 nonselectively inhibited pSTAT3 and pSTAT1 activation with 50% inhibition concentrations of 7.19 ± 4.08 and 16.38 ± 8.45 nM, respectively. The optimized pSTAT3 HCS assay performed very well in a pilot screen of 1,726 compounds from the Library of Pharmacologically Active Compounds and the National Institutes of Health clinical collection sets, and we identified 51 inhibitors of IL-6-induced pSTAT3 activation. However, only three of the primary HCS actives selectively inhibited STAT3 compared with STAT1. Our follow-up studies indicated that the nonselective inhibition of cytokine induced pSTAT3 and pSTAT1 activation by G-alpha stimulatory subunit-coupled G-protein-coupled receptor agonists, and forskolin was likely due to cyclic adenosine monophosphate-mediated up-regulation of suppressors of cytokine signaling 3. Azelastine, an H1 receptor antagonist approved for the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis, nonallergic vasomotor rhinitis, and ocular conjunctivitis, was subsequently confirmed as a selective inhibitor of IL-6-induced pSTAT3 activation that also reduced the growth of HNSCC cell lines. These data illustrate the power of a chemical biology approach to lead generation that utilizes fully developed and optimized HCS assays as phenotypic screens to interrogate specific signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A. Johnston
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Malabika Sen
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Yun Hua
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Daniel Camarco
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Tong Ying Shun
- Department of Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - John S. Lazo
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Jennifer R. Grandis
- Department of University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Tavoni TM, Obici S, de Castro R Marques A, Minguetti-Câmara VC, Curi R, Bazotte RB. Evaluation of liver glycogen catabolism during hypercortisolism induced by the administration of dexamethasone in rats. Pharmacol Rep 2013; 65:144-51. [PMID: 23563032 DOI: 10.1016/s1734-1140(13)70972-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2012] [Revised: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The contribution of liver glycogen catabolism to hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance induced by pharmacological hypercortisolism were investigated. METHODS For this purpose, adult male Wistar rats that received 1.0 mg/kg dexamethasone (DEX) ip at 8:00 a.m. (DEX group) or saline (CON group) once a day for 5 consecutive days were compared. RESULTS Experimental hypercortisolism was confirmed by higher (p<0.05) glycemia, lower (p<0.05) body weight and glucose intolerance. In the fed state, the basal glycogen catabolism and the glucagon (1 nM) and epinephrine (2 μM) induced glycogen catabolism were similar between the groups. The activation of glycogen catabolism induced by phenylephrine (2 μM) and isoproterenol (20 μM) were increased (p<0.05) and decreased (p<0.05), respectively, in DEX rats. Furthermore, DEX rats exhibited higher (p<0.05) glycogen catabolism during the infusion of cAMP (3 μM). However, during the infusion of cAMP (15 μM), 6MB-cAMP (3 μM) or cyanide (0.5 mM), the intensification of glycogen breakdown was similar. Thus, in general, hypercortisolism does not influence the basal glycogen catabolism and the liver responsiveness to glycogenolytic agents in the fed state. In contrast with fed state, fasted rats (DEX group) showed a more intense (p<0.05) basal glycogen catabolism. CONCLUSION The contribution of glycogen catabolism to hyperglycemia during hypercortisolism depends of the nutritional status, starting from a negligible participation in the fed state up to a significant contribution in the fasted state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thauany M Tavoni
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, 87020-900, Brazil
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Han YS, Arroyo J, Ogut O. Human heart failure is accompanied by altered protein kinase A subunit expression and post-translational state. Arch Biochem Biophys 2013; 538:25-33. [PMID: 23942052 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2013.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Revised: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
β-Adrenergic receptor blockade reduces total mortality and all-cause hospitalizations in patients with heart failure (HF). Nonetheless, β-blockade does not halt disease progression, suggesting that cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) signaling downstream of β-adrenergic receptor activation may persist through unique post-translational states. In this study, human myocardial tissue was used to examine the state of PKA subunits. As expected, total myosin binding protein-C phosphorylation and Ser23/24 troponin I phosphorylation significantly decreased in HF. Examination of PKA subunits demonstrated no change in type II regulatory (RIIα) or catalytic (Cα) subunit expression, although site specific RIIα (Ser96) and Cα (Thr197) phosphorylation were increased in HF. Further, the expression of type I regulatory subunit (RI) was increased in HF. Isoelectric focusing of RIα demonstrated up to three variants, consistent with reports that Ser77 and Ser83 are in vivo phosphorylation sites. Western blots with site-specific monoclonal antibodies showed increased Ser83 phosphorylation in HF. 8-fluo-cAMP binding by wild type and phosphomimic Ser77 and Ser83 mutant RIα proteins demonstrated reduced Kd for the double mutant as compared to WT RIα. Therefore, failing myocardium displays altered expression and post-translational modification of PKA subunits that may impact downstream signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Soo Han
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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