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Li Z, Lan J, Liu L, Wang Y, Chen L, Zeng R, Gu D, Hu R, Zhang T, Ding Y. Versatile Thermo-Sensitive liposomes with HSP inhibition and Anti-Inflammation for synergistic Chemo-Photothermal to inhibit breast cancer metastasis. Int J Pharm 2024; 664:124583. [PMID: 39153642 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 07/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
Photothermal therapy (PTT) is a prospective therapeutic method for breast cancer. However, excess inflammatory response induced by PTT may aggravate tumor metastasis. Meanwhile, the overexpressed heat shock proteins (HSPs) by cancer cells can protect them from hyperthermia during PTT. Therefore, to attenuate the PTT-induced inflammation and inhibit tumor metastasis, a folate receptor-targeted thermo-sensitive liposome (BI-FA-LP) co-loading Berberine (BBR) and Indocyanine green (ICG) was developed. BI-FA-LP utilized enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect and FA receptor-mediated endocytosis to selectively accumulate at tumor, reducing off-target toxicity during the treatment. After targeting to the tumor site, BBR and ICG were released from BI-FA-LP upon laser irradiation, and ICG showed good photothermal performance, while BBR inhibited HSP70 and HSP90 expression during PTT, exerting chemo-photothermal synergetic anti-tumor effect. Moreover, BBR could suppress the PTT induced inflammation, thus inhibiting tumor metastasis and ameliorating tissue injury. Thus, this versatile liposome provided a new strategy to enhance PTT and anti-inflammatory effects for breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; State Key Laboratory of Integration and Innovation of Classic Formula and Modern Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jinshuai Lan
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; State Key Laboratory of Integration and Innovation of Classic Formula and Modern Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Li Liu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Lixia Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ruifeng Zeng
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Donghao Gu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ruolu Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; State Key Laboratory of Integration and Innovation of Classic Formula and Modern Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Yue Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; National Innovation Platform for medical industry-education integration, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; State Key Laboratory of Integration and Innovation of Classic Formula and Modern Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
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2
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Tang L, Chen B, Wang B, Xu J, Yan H, Shan Y, Zhao X. Mediation of FOXA2/IL-6/IL-6R/STAT3 signaling pathway mediates benzo[a]pyrene-induced airway epithelial mesenchymal transformation in asthma. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 357:124384. [PMID: 38901818 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Benzo [a]pyrene (BaP), a toxic pollutant, increases the incidence and severity of asthma. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of BaP in asthma remain unclear. In terms of research methods, we used BaP to intervene in the animal model of asthma and the human bronchial epithelial (16HBE) cells, and the involved mechanisms were found from the injury, inflammation, and airway epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) in asthma. We also constructed small interfering RNAs and overexpression plasmids to knockdown/overexpress IL-6R and FOXA2 in 16HBE cells and a serotype 9 adeno-associated viral vector for lung tissue overexpression of FOXA2 in mice to determine the mechanism of action of BaP-exacerbated asthma airway EMT. We observed that BaP aggravated inflammatory cell infiltration into the lungs, reduced the Penh value, increased collagen fibres in the lung tissue, and increased serum IgE levels in asthmatic mice. After BaP intervention, the expression of FOXA2 in the lung tissue of asthmatic mice decreased, the production and secretion of IL-6 were stimulated, and STAT3 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation increased, leading to changes in EMT markers. However, EMT decreased after increasing FOXA2 expression and decreasing that of IL-6R and was further enhanced after low FOXA2 expression. Our results revealed that BaP exacerbated airway epithelial cell injury and interfered with FOXA2, activating the IL-6/IL-6R/STAT3 signaling pathway to promote airway EMT in asthma. These findings provide toxicological evidence for the mechanism underlying the contribution of BaP to the increased incidence of asthma and its exacerbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Tang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Bailei Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Medical Metabolomics Center, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Bohan Wang
- Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210004, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Medical Metabolomics Center, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Hua Yan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Medical Metabolomics Center, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Yiwen Shan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Medical Metabolomics Center, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Xia Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Medical Metabolomics Center, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China; Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210004, China.
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3
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Seven İ, Karahan İ, Köş FT, Bayram D, Sekmek S, Aktürk Esen S. The HALP score as a prognostic factor in metastatic biliary cancer. Clin Transl Oncol 2024:10.1007/s12094-024-03702-2. [PMID: 39271621 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-024-03702-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biliary tract cancers are serious diseases and new biomarkers may be useful for the optimal management and prediction of these cases. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic significance of the hemoglobin, albumin, lymphocyte, and platelet (HALP) score, a novel composite marker, in patients with metastatic biliary tract cancer. METHODS Patients with biliary tract cancers were analyzed retrospectively. Laboratory values, patient and disease characteristics, and survival rates were evaluated. The diagnostic impact of the HALP score was assessed with regression analyses. RESULTS The study included 106 individuals with metastatic biliary tract cancer. Based on the median HALP score, ≥ 2.22 was considered a high score and < 2.22 was considered low. The overall average survival time was found to be 11.4 months. Patients with low HALP scores had median overall survival of 9.5 months, while those with high HALP scores had median overall survival of 15.9 months. In multivariate analysis, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status, CA19-9 level, and HALP score remained significant predictors of overall survival. CONCLUSION The HALP score appears to be a useful prognostic marker in patients with metastatic biliary tract cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- İsmet Seven
- Department of Medical Oncology, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Çankaya, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
| | - İrfan Karahan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Çankaya, 06800, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Fahriye Tuğba Köş
- Department of Medical Oncology, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Çankaya, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Doğan Bayram
- Department of Medical Oncology, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Çankaya, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Serhat Sekmek
- Department of Medical Oncology, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Çankaya, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Selin Aktürk Esen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Çankaya, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
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Li J, Wang X, Zhang H, Hu X, Peng X, Jiang W, Zhuo L, Peng Y, Zeng G, Wang Z. Fenamates: Forgotten treasure for cancer treatment and prevention: Mechanisms of action, structural modification, and bright future. Med Res Rev 2024. [PMID: 39171404 DOI: 10.1002/med.22079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Fenamates as classical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents are widely used for relieving pain. Preclinical studies and epidemiological data highlight their chemo-preventive and chemotherapeutic potential for cancer. However, comprehensive reviews of fenamates in cancer are limited. To accelerate the repurposing of fenamates, this review summarizes the results of fenamates alone or in combination with existing chemotherapeutic agents. This paper also explores targets of fenamates in cancer therapy, including COX, AKR family, AR, gap junction, FTO, TEAD, DHODH, TAS2R14, ion channels, and DNA. Besides, this paper discusses other mechanisms, such as regulating Wnt/β-catenin, TGF-β, p38 MAPK, and NF-κB pathway, and the regulation of the expressions of Sp, EGR-1, NAG-1, ATF-3, ErbB2, AR, as well as the modulation of the tumor immune microenvironment. Furthermore, this paper outlined the structural modifications of fenamates, highlighting their potential as promising leads for anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfang Li
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Honghua Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xiaoling Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xue Peng
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Weifan Jiang
- Postdoctoral Station for Basic Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Linsheng Zhuo
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- Postdoctoral Station for Basic Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Yan Peng
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Guo Zeng
- Postdoctoral Station for Basic Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- Postdoctoral Station for Basic Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
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Robert M, Kennedy BK, Crasta KC. Therapy-induced senescence through the redox lens. Redox Biol 2024; 74:103228. [PMID: 38865902 PMCID: PMC11215421 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Therapy-induced senescent tumor cells have emerged as significant drivers of tumor recurrence and disease relapse. Interestingly, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and its associated redox signaling networks are intertwined with initiation and establishment of therapy-induced senescence. Therapy-induced senescent cells influence neighboring cells and the tumor microenvironment via their bioactive secretome known as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). The intracellular effects of ROS are dose and context-dependent. Under normal physiological conditions, ROS is involved in various signalling pathways and cellular processes important for maintenance of cellular homeostasis, such as redox balance, stress response, inflammatory signalling, cell proliferation and cell death among others. However excess ROS accompanied by a pro-oxidant microenvironment can engender oxidative DNA damage, triggering cellular senescence. In this review, we discuss the role of ROS and the redox state dynamics in fine-tuning homeostatic processes that drive therapy-induced cell fate towards senescence establishment, as well as their influence in stimulating inflammatory signalling and SASP production. We also offer insights into interventional strategies, specifically senotherapeutics, that could potentially leverage on modulation of redox and antioxidant pathways. Lastly, we evaluate possible implications of redox rewiring during escape from therapy-induced senescence, an emerging area of research. We envision that examining therapy-induced senescence through the redox lens, integrated with time-resolved single-cell RNA sequencing combined with spatiotemporal multi-omics, could further enhance our understanding of its functional heterogeneity. This could aid identification of targetable signalling nodes to reduce disease relapse, as well as inform strategies for development of broad-spectrum senotherapeutics. Overall, our review aims to delineate redox-driven mechanisms which contribute to the biology of therapy-induced senescence and beyond, while highlighting implications for tumor initiation and recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matius Robert
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Centre for Healthy Longevity, National University Health System, Singapore; Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Brian K Kennedy
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Centre for Healthy Longevity, National University Health System, Singapore; Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Karen C Crasta
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Centre for Healthy Longevity, National University Health System, Singapore; Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; NUS Centre for Cancer Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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Kim MJ, Lim SG, Cho DH, Lee JY, Suk K, Lee WH. Regulation of inflammatory response by LINC00346 via miR-25-3p-mediated modulation of the PTEN/PI3K/AKT/NF-κB pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 709:149828. [PMID: 38537596 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Long intergenic non-coding RNA 346 (LINC00346) has been reported to be involved in the development of atherosclerosis and specific cancers by affecting signaling pathways. However, its function in inflammation has not been thoroughly studied. Therefore, its expression pattern and function were determined in the human macrophage-like cell line THP-1. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment induced the expression of LINC00346. LPS-induced NF-κB activation and proinflammatory cytokine expression were suppressed or enhanced by the overexpression or knockdown of LINC00346, respectively. Analyses using dual luciferase assay and decoy RNAs that could block RNA-RNA interactions indicated that LINC00346 improves phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) expression by sponging miR-25-3p. Subsequently, PTEN suppresses phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K)-mediated conversion of phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) into phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3) as well as consequent activation of protein kinase B (AKT) and NF-κB. Interestingly, database analysis revealed that the expression levels of LINC00346 and PTEN were simultaneously decreased in breast cancer tissues. Further analyses conducted using a breast cancer cell line, MDA-MB-231, confirmed the functional relationship among LINC00346, miR-25-3p, and PTEN in LPS-induced activation of NF-κB. These results indicate that miR-25-3p-sponging activity of LINC00346 affects the balance between PTEN and PI3K as well as the downstream activation of AKT/NF-κB pathway in inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Ji Kim
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Geun Lim
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hyung Cho
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Yeong Lee
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoungho Suk
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Science & Engineering Institute, BK21 FOUR KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Ha Lee
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea.
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Xu X, Wang X, Zheng Z, Guo Y, He G, Wang Y, Fu S, Zheng C, Deng X. Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Breast Cancer: Roles in Metastasis and Beyond. J Cancer 2024; 15:3272-3283. [PMID: 38817858 PMCID: PMC11134451 DOI: 10.7150/jca.94669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in the treatment of breast cancer, the disease continues to exhibit high global morbidity and mortality. The importance of neutrophils in cancer development has been increasingly recognized. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are web-like structures released into the extracellular space by activated neutrophils, serving as a potential antimicrobial mechanism for capturing and eliminating microorganisms. The roles played by NETs in cancer development have been a subject of intense research in the last decade. In breast cancer, current evidence suggests that NETs are involved in various stages of cancer development, particularly during metastasis. In this review, we try to provide an updated overview of the roles played by NETs in breast cancer metastasis. These include: 1) facilitating systemic dissemination of cancer cells; 2) promoting cancer-associated inflammation; 3) facilitating cancer-associated thrombosis; 4) facilitating pre-metastatic niche formation; and 5) awakening dormant cancer cells. The translational implications of NETs in breast cancer treatment are also discussed. Understanding the relationship between NETs and breast cancer metastasis is expected to provide important insights for developing new therapeutic strategies for breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Chanjuan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Department of Pathophysiology, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiyun Deng
- Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Department of Pathophysiology, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Long Q, Li Z, Yang W, Huang K, Du G. Necroptosis-related lncRNA-based novel signature to predict the prognosis and immune landscape in soft tissue sarcomas. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2024; 150:203. [PMID: 38635069 PMCID: PMC11026213 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-024-05682-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Necroptosis-related long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play crucial roles in cancer initiation and progression. Nevertheless, the role and mechanism of necroptosis-related lncRNAs in soft tissue sarcomas (STS) is so far unknown and needs to be explored further. METHODS Clinical and genomic data were obtained from the UCSC Xena database. All STS patients' subclusters were performed by unsupervised consensus clustering method based on the prognosis-specific lncRNAs, and then assessed their survival advantage and immune infiltrates. In addition, we explored the pathways and biological processes in subclusters through gene set enrichment analysis. At last, we established the necroptosis-related lncRNA-based risk signature (NRLncSig) using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) method, and explored the prediction performance and immune microenvironment of this signature in STS. RESULTS A total of 911 normal soft tissue samples and 259 STS patients were included in current study. 39 prognosis-specific necroptosis-related lncRNAs were selected. Cluster 2 had a worse survival than the cluster 1 and characterized by different immune landscape in STS. A worse outcome in the high-risk group was observed by survival analysis and indicated an immunosuppressive microenvironment. The ROC curve analyses illustrated that the NRLncSig performing competitively in prediction of prognosis for STS patients. In addition, the nomogram presents excellent performance in predicting prognosis, which may be more beneficial towards STS patients' treatment. CONCLUSIONS Our result indicated that the NRLncSig could be a good independent predictor of prognosis, and significantly connected with immune microenvironment, thereby providing new insights into the roles of necroptosis-related lncRNAs in STS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuzhong Long
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhengtian Li
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Wenkang Yang
- Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Ke Huang
- Wuming Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
| | - Gang Du
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
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Duranti E, Cordani N, Villa C. Edaravone: A Novel Possible Drug for Cancer Treatment? Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1633. [PMID: 38338912 PMCID: PMC10855093 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite significant advancements in understanding the causes and progression of tumors, cancer remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide. In light of advances in cancer therapy, there has been a growing interest in drug repurposing, which involves exploring new uses for medications that are already approved for clinical use. One such medication is edaravone, which is currently used to manage patients with cerebral infarction and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, edaravone has also been investigated for its potential activities in treating cancer, notably as an anti-proliferative and cytoprotective drug against side effects induced by traditional cancer therapies. This comprehensive review aims to provide updates on the various applications of edaravone in cancer therapy. It explores its potential as a standalone antitumor drug, either used alone or in combination with other medications, as well as its role as an adjuvant to mitigate the side effects of conventional anticancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chiara Villa
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (E.D.); (N.C.)
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10
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Başoğlu-Ünal F, Becer E, Ensarioğlu HK, -Güzeldemirci NU, Kuran ED, Vatansever HS. A newly synthesized thiosemicarbazide derivative trigger apoptosis rather than necroptosis on HEPG2 cell line. Chem Biol Drug Des 2024; 103:e14355. [PMID: 37776268 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Thiosemicarbazide derivatives have been the focus of scientists owing to their broad biological activities such as anticancer, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory. Herein, we designed and synthesized a new thiosemicarbazide derivative (TS-1) and evaluated its antiproliferative potential against the human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (HEPG2) and human umbilical vein endothelial cell line (ECV-304). Also, it was aimed to investigate the necroptotic and apoptotic cell death effects of TS-1 in HEPG2 cells, and these effects were supported by molecular docking. The new synthesized compound structure was characterized using various spectroscopic methods such as FT-IR, 1 H-NMR, 13 C-NMR, and elemental analysis. The cytotoxic activity of the tested compound was measured by the MTT assay. Apoptotic and necroptotic properties of the TS-1 were evaluated by indirect immunoperoxidase method using antibodies against Ki-67, Bax, Bcl-2, caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-9, RIP3, and RIPK1. Apoptotic and necroptotic effects of TS-1 were supported by molecular docking. Compound TS-1 was synthesized as a pure compound with a high yield. The effective value of TS-1 was 10 μM in HEPG2 cells. TS-1 did not show any cytotoxic effect on ECV-304. Caspase-3 and RIPK1 immunoreactivities were significantly increased in HEPG2 cells after being treated with TS-1. As the results of the molecular docking studies, the molecular docking showed that the TS-1 exhibits H-bond interaction with various significant amino acid residues in the active site of both RIPK1. It could be concluded that TS-1 could be a promising novel therapeutic agent by inducing apoptosis rather than necroptosis in HEPG2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faika Başoğlu-Ünal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, European University of Lefke, Lefke, Turkey
| | - Eda Becer
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of pharmacy, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta, Turkey
| | - Hilal Kabadayı Ensarioğlu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
| | | | - Ebru Didem Kuran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - H Seda Vatansever
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
- DESAM Institute, Near East University, Nicosia, North Cyprus via Mersin, Turkey
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Ryu HS, Kim J, Park YR, Cho EH, Choo JM, Kim JS, Baek SJ, Kwak JM. Recurrence Patterns and Risk Factors after Curative Resection for Colorectal Cancer: Insights for Postoperative Surveillance Strategies. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5791. [PMID: 38136337 PMCID: PMC10742009 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15245791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess recurrence patterns and related risk factors following curative resection of colorectal cancer (CRC). This retrospective observational study was conducted at a tertiary care center, including 2622 patients with stage I-III CRC who underwent curative resection between 2008 and 2018. Hazard rates of recurrence were calculated using a hazard function. The primary outcome was the peak recurrence time after curative resection and secondary outcomes were prognostic factors associated with recurrence. Over a median follow-up period of 53 months, the overall, locoregional and systemic recurrence rates were 8.9%, 0.7%, and 8.5%, respectively. Recurrence rates were significantly higher for rectal cancer (14.9% overall, 4.4% locoregionally, and 12.3% systemically) than for colon cancer (all p < 0.001). The peak recurrence time was 11 months, with variations in hazard rates and curves depending on the tumor location, stage, and risk factors. Patients with AL or CRM involvement exhibited a distinct pattern, with a high hazard rate in the early postoperative period. Understanding these recurrence patterns and risk factors is crucial for establishing effective postoperative surveillance strategies. Our findings suggested that short-interval surveillance should be considered during the first 2 years post-surgery, particularly for high-risk patients who should receive early attention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jin Kim
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, 73 Goryeodae-ro, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; (H.S.R.); (Y.R.P.); (E.H.C.); (J.M.C.); (J.-S.K.); (S.-J.B.); (J.-M.K.)
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12
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Abeesh P, Bouvet P, Guruvayoorappan C. AS1411 aptamer tagged PEGylated liposomes as a smart nanocarrier for tumor-specific delivery of Withaferin A for mitigating pulmonary metastasis. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 154:213661. [PMID: 37879185 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Metastasis is the most challenging health problem contributing to about 90 % of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Metastatic tumors are highly aggressive and resistant to the most available therapeutic options. Hence, innovative therapeutic approaches are required to target metastatic tumors selectively. In this study, we prepared AS1411 functionalized Withaferin A loaded PEGylated nanoliposomes (ALW) and investigated its therapeutic effect in B16F10 induced in pulmonary metastasis mice models. The prepared formulations' size and morphological properties were evaluated using dynamic light scattering system and Transmission electron microscope. ALW had spherical-shaped nanosized particles with a size of 118 nm and an encapsulation efficacy of 82.5 %. TEM analysis data indicated that ALW has excellent dispersibility and uniform spherical nano-size particles. ALW inhibited cell viability, and induced cell apoptosis of B16F10. In vivo, the pulmonary metastasis study in C57BL/6 mice revealed that the ALW significantly (p < 0.01) improved the encapsulated WA anti-metastatic activity and survival rate compared to WA or LW treated groups. ALW significantly (p < 0.01) downregulated the levels of IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β and significantly reduced the lung collagen hydroxyproline, hexosamine, and uronic acid content in metastatic tumor bearing animals compared to WA or LW. Gene expression levels of MMPs and NF-κB were downregulated in ALW treated metastatic pulmonary tumor-bearing mice. These findings demonstrate that the AS1411 functionalized Withaferin A loaded PEGylated nanoliposomes could be a promising nanoliposomal formulation for targeting metastatic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prathapan Abeesh
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Cancer Research, Regional Cancer Centre, Medical College post, Thiruvananthapuram 695011, Kerala, India (Recognized Research Centre, University of Kerala)
| | - Phillipe Bouvet
- Centre de Recherche en Cancerologie de Lyon, Universite de Lyon 1, Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR5286 Centre Leon Berard, CEDEX 08, F-69373 Lyon, France; Ecole Normale Superieur de Lyon, Universite de Lyon 1, F-69007 Lyon, France
| | - Chandrasekaran Guruvayoorappan
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Cancer Research, Regional Cancer Centre, Medical College post, Thiruvananthapuram 695011, Kerala, India (Recognized Research Centre, University of Kerala).
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Siwiński P, Dziki Ł, Mik M, Dziki A. Risk factors and clinical characteristics of rectal cancer recurrence after radical surgical treatment. POLISH JOURNAL OF SURGERY 2023; 96:27-33. [PMID: 38353092 DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0053.9182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
<b><br>Introduction:</b> Recurrence of rectal cancer affects from 4% to even 50% of patients after surgical treatment. The incidence may be influenced by numerous factors depending on the patient, the characteristics of the tumor and the type and quality of the surgical technique used.</br> <b><br>Aim:</b> The aim of this study was to assess the clinical characteristics of rectal cancer recurrence, identify potential risk factors and role of patient surveillance after primary resection of rectal cancer.</br> <b><br>Materials and methods:</b> The study comprised patients operated on due to recurrence of rectal cancer at the Department of General and Colorectal Surgery of Medical University of Lodz between 2014 and 2020, who were in the follow-up program at the hospital's outpatient clinic after the primary surgery. Risk factors for disease recurrence were sought by analyzing the characteristics of the primary tumor, treatment history and postoperative care.</br> <b><br>Results:</b> Twenty-nine patients were included in the study, the majority (51.7%) of the patients were men. The largest group was represented by patients with stage II and III disease. The most frequently performed primary surgery was low anterior resection (LAR) (62.8%). 35% of patients received neoadjuvant treatment prior to primary surgery. We demonstrated that the lack of neoadjuvant treatment before primary surgery increases the risk of cancer recurrence nine times. Higher stage of disease at the point of primary surgery is associated with nearly seven times the risk of recurrence compared to stage I disease.</br> <b><br>Conclusions:</b> Optimal preoperative staging, reasonable neoadjuvant treatment, proper surgical technique and precise follow-up regimen are essential for further improvement of rectal cancer outcomes.</br>.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Siwiński
- Department of General and Colorectal Surgery, Medical University of Lodz, Poland
| | - Łukasz Dziki
- Department of General and Oncological Surgery, Medical University of Lodz, Poland
| | - Michał Mik
- Department of General and Colorectal Surgery, Medical University of Lodz, Poland
| | - Adam Dziki
- Department of General and Colorectal Surgery, Medical University of Lodz, Poland
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Kanemitsu T, Furuse M, Kuwabara H, Yagi R, Hiramatsu R, Kameda M, Nonoguchi N, Kawabata S, Takami T, Arai M, Wanibuchi M. Increasing C-reactive protein levels in a patient with glioblastoma with lymph node metastasis: a case report. BMC Neurol 2023; 23:354. [PMID: 37794336 PMCID: PMC10548662 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-023-03402-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma usually recurs locally and extracranial metastases are rare. Most patients with extracranial metastases experience recurrence of the primary intracranial tumor. Lymph node metastases are often detected based on lymphadenopathy or symptoms caused by other metastatic sites. CASE PRESENTATION Herein, we report a case of glioblastoma with lymph node metastasis in which the patient was asymptomatic but exhibited gradually increasing C-reactive protein levels prior to becoming febrile 9 months after the initial C-reactive protein increase. Diagnosis of lymph node metastasis that was delayed because the patient had a fever of unknown origin, no signs of infection, and the primary intracranial tumor did not recur. Chest computed tomography indicated supraclavicular, mediastinal, and hilar lymphadenopathy, and biopsy identified lymph node metastasis of glioblastoma. This is the fifth reported case of lymph node metastasis without intracranial recurrence. CONCLUSIONS C-reactive protein levels may be a diagnostic marker for lymph node metastasis in patients with glioblastoma. Further evaluation is needed to elucidate the role of CRP in glioblastoma with lymph node metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Kanemitsu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Midorigaoka Hospital, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Motomasa Furuse
- Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Hiroko Kuwabara
- Department of Pathology, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryokichi Yagi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryo Hiramatsu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kameda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Naosuke Nonoguchi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinji Kawabata
- Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Takami
- Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Motohiro Arai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Midorigaoka Hospital, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masahiko Wanibuchi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
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Topkan E, Selek U, Pehlivan B, Kucuk A, Ozturk D, Ozdemir BS, Besen AA, Mertsoylu H. The Prognostic Value of the Novel Global Immune-Nutrition-Inflammation Index (GINI) in Stage IIIC Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients Treated with Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4512. [PMID: 37760482 PMCID: PMC10526430 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15184512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We sought to determine the prognostic value of the newly developed Global Immune-Nutrition-Inflammation Index (GINI) in patients with stage IIIC non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who underwent definitive concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT). METHODS This study was conducted on a cohort of 802 newly diagnosed stage IIIC NSCLC patients who underwent CCRT. The novel GINI created first here was defined as follows: GINI = [C-reactive protein × Platelets × Monocytes × Neutrophils] ÷ [Albumin × Lymphocytes]. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to determine the optimal pre-CCRT GINI cut-off value that substantially interacts with the locoregional progression-free (LRPFS), progression-free (PFS), and overall survival (OS). RESULTS The optimal pre-CCRT GINI cutoff was 1562 (AUC: 76.1%; sensitivity: 72.4%; specificity: 68.2%; Youden index: 0.406). Patients presenting with a GINI ≥ 1562 had substantially shorter median LRPFS (13.3 vs. 18.4 months; p < 0.001), PFS (10.2 vs. 14.3 months; p < 0.001), and OS (19.1 vs. 37.8 months; p < 0.001) durations than those with a GINI < 1562. Results of the multivariate analysis revealed that the pre-CCRT GINI ≥ 1562 (vs. <1562), T4 tumor (vs. T3), and receiving only 1 cycle of concurrent chemotherapy (vs. 2-3 cycles) were the factors independently associated with poorer LRPS (p < 0.05 for each), PFS (p < 0.05 for each), and OS (p < 0.05 for each). CONCLUSION The newly developed GINI index efficiently divided the stage IIIC NSCLSC patients into two subgroups with substantially different median and long-term survival outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erkan Topkan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Baskent University Medical Faculty, Adana 01120, Turkey
| | - Ugur Selek
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul 34010, Turkey;
| | - Berrin Pehlivan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul 34349, Turkey;
| | - Ahmet Kucuk
- Clinic of Radiation Oncology, Mersin Education and Research Hospital, Mersin 33160, Turkey;
| | - Duriye Ozturk
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University, Afyonkarahisar 03030, Turkey;
| | | | - Ali Ayberk Besen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Medical Park Hospital, Adana 07160, Turkey;
| | - Huseyin Mertsoylu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Istinye University, Istanbul 34010, Turkey;
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Sugawara E, Shigematsu Y, Amori G, Sugita K, Yonese J, Takeuchi K, Inamura K. CDX2- and PAX8-Expressing Subtypes in Female Urethral Adenocarcinoma: Pathogenesis Insights through Immunohistochemical and Morphological Analyses. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2408. [PMID: 37510152 PMCID: PMC10377779 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13142408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Female urethral adenocarcinoma has attracted attention as a rare tumor type based on its differential pathogenesis from its male counterpart. However, to date, our knowledge concerning its immunohistochemical and morphological characteristics remains limited due to the small number of cases studied. In this study, nine consecutive cases of female urethral adenocarcinoma were used for immunohistochemical and morphological characterization of the tumor based on semi-comprehensive immunohistochemical analysis and detailed morphological evaluations. Our immunohistochemical assay revealed two subtypes of female urethral adenocarcinoma with distinctive staining patterns: the CDX2- and PAX8-expressing subtypes. The former stained positive for other intestinal markers (e.g., HNF4α and TFF1) as well (7 of 7 cases); the latter stained negative for these intestinal markers (0 of 2 cases) but stained positive for clear cell carcinoma markers (e.g., Napsin A and HNF1β) (2 of 2 cases). Regarding cytokeratins, the former displayed a CK7- and CK20-positive immunoprofile (7 of 7 cases); the latter exhibited a CK7-positive and CK20-negative immunoprofile (2 of 2 cases). Morphologically, CDX2- and PAX8-expressing subtypes resembled intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and clear cell carcinoma (occurring in gynecological organs), respectively. The semi-comprehensive immunoprofiling data presented in this study can potentially contribute to the correct diagnosis of this rare tumor type. Finally, our study represents an important basis for future investigations aiming to further elucidate the details and origin of female urethral adenocarcinoma, and it can potentially contribute to developing diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for treating this malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiko Sugawara
- Division of Pathology, The Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan
- Department of Pathology, The Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Shigematsu
- Division of Pathology, The Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan
- Department of Pathology, The Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan
| | - Gulanbar Amori
- Division of Pathology, The Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan
- Department of Pathology, The Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan
| | - Keisuke Sugita
- Division of Pathology, The Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan
- Department of Pathology, The Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan
| | - Junji Yonese
- Department of Genitourinary Oncology, The Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan
| | - Kengo Takeuchi
- Division of Pathology, The Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan
- Department of Pathology, The Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan
- Pathology Project for Molecular Targets, The Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan
| | - Kentaro Inamura
- Division of Pathology, The Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan
- Department of Pathology, The Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan
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17
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Nigam M, Mishra AP, Deb VK, Dimri DB, Tiwari V, Bungau SG, Bungau AF, Radu AF. Evaluation of the association of chronic inflammation and cancer: Insights and implications. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 164:115015. [PMID: 37321055 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Among the most extensively researched processes in the development and treatment of cancer is inflammatory condition. Although acute inflammation is essential for the wound healing and reconstruction of tissues that have been damaged, chronic inflammation may contribute to the onset and growth of a number of diseases, including cancer. By disrupting the signaling processes of cells, which result in cancer induction, invasion, and development, a variety of inflammatory molecules are linked to the development of cancer. The microenvironment surrounding the tumor is greatly influenced by inflammatory cells and their subsequent secretions, which also contribute significantly to the tumor's growth, survivability, and potential migration. These inflammatory variables have been mentioned in several publications as prospective diagnostic tools for anticipating the onset of cancer. Targeting inflammation with various therapies can reduce the inflammatory response and potentially limit or block the proliferation of cancer cells. The scientific medical literature from the past three decades has been studied to determine how inflammatory chemicals and cell signaling pathways related to cancer invasion and metastasis are related. The current narrative review updates the relevant literature while highlighting the specifics of inflammatory signaling pathways in cancer and their possible therapeutic possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Nigam
- Department of Biochemistry, Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University, 246174 Srinagar Garhwal, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Abhay Prakash Mishra
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Science, University of Free State, 9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa.
| | - Vishal Kumar Deb
- Dietetics and Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, 176061 Palampur, Himanchal Pradesh, India
| | - Deen Bandhu Dimri
- Department of Biochemistry, Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University, 246174 Srinagar Garhwal, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Vinod Tiwari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology BHU, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Simona Gabriela Bungau
- Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania; Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410028 Oradea, Romania.
| | - Alexa Florina Bungau
- Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania
| | - Andrei-Flavius Radu
- Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania; Department of Preclinical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania
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18
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Elahirad E, Gharagozlou MJ, Khosravi A, Sasani F. TLRs expression in canine mammary gland neoplasms: a pathological and molecular study. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2023; 261:110611. [PMID: 37245345 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2023.110611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
TLRs are a class of PRRs that play a vital role in innate immunity. TLRs are expressed on immune cells and mammary epithelial cells. They can promote tumor growth, angiogenesis, invasion, and viability signaling. The current study aimed to test the correlation between histologic types and grades of neoplasms and TLRs gene expression levels. Twenty-one tissue samples of canine mammary neoplasms were stained with H&E. Then, it evaluated histologic type and grade according to the methods of Goldschmidt et al. and Peña, respectively. We established real-time PCR quantification assays to measure the mRNA abundances of TLRs in normal and neoplastic mammary glands. Profile pattern of TLR 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 9 genes expression in canine mammary glands performed in 21 samples of mammary gland neoplasms and three non-neoplastic mammary gland samples from normal dogs. TLR 3, 4, and 9 mRNA overexpression were detected. In addition, tubulopapillary carcinoma grade II, SCC grade III, and carcinoma mixed type grade II demonstrated the highest relative TLR-3, and 9 mRNA expression levels. Complex carcinoma grade I, ductal carcinoma grade II, and anaplastic carcinoma grade II showed the highest relative TLR4 mRNA expression level. Although histopathological characteristics of tumors, including histologic type, grade, and inflammation, influenced TLRs mRNA expression level, such correlation was insignificant (P > 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Elnaz Elahirad
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Alireza Khosravi
- Mycology Research Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farhang Sasani
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Tundis R, Patra JK, Bonesi M, Das S, Nath R, Das Talukdar A, Das G, Loizzo MR. Anti-Cancer Agent: The Labdane Diterpenoid-Andrographolide. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1969. [PMID: 37653887 PMCID: PMC10221142 DOI: 10.3390/plants12101969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
In spite of the progress in treatment strategies, cancer remains a major cause of death worldwide. Therefore, the main challenge should be the early diagnosis of cancer and the design of an optimal therapeutic strategy to increase the patient's life expectancy as well as the continuation of the search for increasingly active and selective molecules for the treatment of different forms of cancer. In the recent decades, research in the field of natural compounds has increasingly shifted towards advanced and molecular level understandings, thus leading to the development of potent anti-cancer agents. Among them is the diterpene lactone andrographolide, isolated from Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Wall. ex Nees that showed shows a plethora of biological activities, including not only anti-cancer activity, but also anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, anti-bacterial, neuroprotective, hepatoprotective, hypoglycemic, and immunomodulatory properties. Andrographolide has been shown to act as an anti-tumor drug by affecting specific molecular targets that play a part in the development and progression of several cancer types including breast, lung, colon, renal, and cervical cancer, as well as leukemia and hepatocarcinoma. This review comprehensively and systematically summarized the current research on the potential anti-cancer properties of andrographolide highlighting its mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, and potential side effects and discussing the future perspectives, challenges, and limitations of use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Tundis
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; (R.T.)
| | - Jayanta Kumar Patra
- Research Institute of Integrative Life Sciences, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyangsi 10326, Republic of Korea;
| | - Marco Bonesi
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; (R.T.)
| | - Subrata Das
- Department of Botany and Biotechnology, Karimganj College, Assam University, Assam 788710, India
| | - Rajat Nath
- Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Assam 788011, India
| | - Anupam Das Talukdar
- Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Assam 788011, India
| | - Gitishree Das
- Research Institute of Integrative Life Sciences, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyangsi 10326, Republic of Korea;
| | - Monica Rosa Loizzo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; (R.T.)
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20
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Forder A, Zhuang R, Souza VGP, Brockley LJ, Pewarchuk ME, Telkar N, Stewart GL, Benard K, Marshall EA, Reis PP, Lam WL. Mechanisms Contributing to the Comorbidity of COPD and Lung Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032859. [PMID: 36769181 PMCID: PMC9918127 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) often co-occur, and individuals with COPD are at a higher risk of developing lung cancer. While the underlying mechanism for this risk is not well understood, its major contributing factors have been proposed to include genomic, immune, and microenvironment dysregulation. Here, we review the evidence and significant studies that explore the mechanisms underlying the heightened lung cancer risk in people with COPD. Genetic and epigenetic changes, as well as the aberrant expression of non-coding RNAs, predispose the lung epithelium to carcinogenesis by altering the expression of cancer- and immune-related genes. Oxidative stress generated by tobacco smoking plays a role in reducing genomic integrity, promoting epithelial-mesenchymal-transition, and generating a chronic inflammatory environment. This leads to abnormal immune responses that promote cancer development, though not all smokers develop lung cancer. Sex differences in the metabolism of tobacco smoke predispose females to developing COPD and accumulating damage from oxidative stress that poses a risk for the development of lung cancer. Dysregulation of the lung microenvironment and microbiome contributes to chronic inflammation, which is observed in COPD and known to facilitate cancer initiation in various tumor types. Further, there is a need to better characterize and identify the proportion of individuals with COPD who are at a high risk for developing lung cancer. We evaluate possible novel and individualized screening strategies, including biomarkers identified in genetic studies and exhaled breath condensate analysis. We also discuss the use of corticosteroids and statins as chemopreventive agents to prevent lung cancer. It is crucial that we optimize the current methods for the early detection and management of lung cancer and COPD in order to improve the health outcomes for a large affected population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisling Forder
- British Columbia Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Rebecca Zhuang
- British Columbia Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Vanessa G P Souza
- British Columbia Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Experimental Research Unit, School of Medicine, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-687, SP, Brazil
| | - Liam J Brockley
- British Columbia Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Michelle E Pewarchuk
- British Columbia Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Nikita Telkar
- British Columbia Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3N1, Canada
- British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Greg L Stewart
- British Columbia Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Katya Benard
- British Columbia Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Erin A Marshall
- British Columbia Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Patricia P Reis
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Experimental Research Unit, School of Medicine, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-687, SP, Brazil
| | - Wan L Lam
- British Columbia Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
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21
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Li M, Huo L, Zeng J, Zhu G, Liu X, Zhu X, Huang G, Wang Y, Ni K, Zhao Z. Switchable ROS Scavenger/Generator for MRI-Guided Anti-Inflammation and Anti-Tumor Therapy with Enhanced Therapeutic Efficacy and Reduced Side Effects. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2202043. [PMID: 36367363 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202202043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Photosensitizer in photodynamic therapy (PDT) accumulates in both tumor and adjacent normal tissue due to low selective biodistribution, results in undesirable side effect with limited clinic application. Herein, an intelligent nanoplatform is reported that selectively acts as reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger in normal tissue but as ROS generator in tumor microenvironment (TME) to differentially control ROS level in tumor and surrounding normal tissue during PDT. By down-regulating the produced ROS with dampened cytokine wave in normal tissue after PDT, the nanoplatform reduces the inflammatory response of normal tissue in PDT, minimizing the side effect and tumor metastasis in PDT. Alternatively, the nanoplatform switches from ROS scavenger to generator through the glutathione (GSH) responsive degradation in TME, which effectively improves the PDT efficacy with reduced GSH level and amplified oxidative stress in tumor. Simultaneously, the released Mn ions provide real-time and in situ signal change of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to monitor the reversal process of catalysis activity and achieve accurate tumor diagnosis. This TME-responsive ROS scavenger/generator with activable MRI contrast may provide a new dimension for design of next-generation PDT agents with precise diagnosis, high therapeutic efficacy, and low side effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muyao Li
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, P. R. China
| | - Linlin Huo
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, P. R. China
| | - Jie Zeng
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, P. R. China
| | - Guifen Zhu
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, P. R. China
| | - Xiangqing Liu
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, P. R. China
| | - Xianglong Zhu
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, P. R. China
| | - Guoming Huang
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, P. R. China
| | - Yi Wang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, P. R. China
| | - Kaiyuan Ni
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Zhenghuan Zhao
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, P. R. China
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22
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Rastogi S, Aldosary S, Saeedan AS, Ansari MN, Singh M, Kaithwas G. NF-κB mediated regulation of tumor cell proliferation in hypoxic microenvironment. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1108915. [PMID: 36891273 PMCID: PMC9986608 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1108915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is caused by a cancer-promoting milieu characterized by persistent inflammation. NF-κB and HIF-1α are critical participants in this transition. Tumor development and maintenance are aided by NF-κB, while cellular proliferation and adaptability to angiogenic signals are aided by HIF-1α. Prolyl hydroxylase-2 (PHD-2) has been hypothesized to be the key oxygen-dependent regulator of HIF-1α and NF-transcriptional B's activity. Without low oxygen levels, HIF-1α is degraded by the proteasome in a process dependent on oxygen and 2-oxoglutarate. As opposed to the normal NF-κB activation route, where NF-κB is deactivated by PHD-2-mediated hydroxylation of IKK, this method actually activates NF-κB. HIF-1α is protected from degradation by proteasomes in hypoxic cells, where it then activates transcription factors involved in cellular metastasis and angiogenesis. The Pasteur phenomenon causes lactate to build up inside the hypoxic cells. As part of a process known as lactate shuttle, MCT-1 and MCT-4 cells help deliver lactate from the blood to neighboring, non-hypoxic tumour cells. Non-hypoxic tumour cells use lactate, which is converted to pyruvate, as fuel for oxidative phosphorylation. OXOPHOS cancer cells are characterized by a metabolic switch from glucose-facilitated oxidative phosphorylation to lactate-facilitated oxidative phosphorylation. Although PHD-2 was found in OXOPHOS cells. There is no clear explanation for the presence of NF-kappa B activity. The accumulation of the competitive inhibitor of 2-oxo-glutarate, pyruvate, in non-hypoxic tumour cells is well established. So, we conclude that PHD-2 is inactive in non-hypoxic tumour cells due to pyruvate-mediated competitive suppression of 2-oxo-glutarate. This results in canonical activation of NF-κB. In non-hypoxic tumour cells, 2-oxoglutarate serves as a limiting factor, rendering PHD-2 inactive. However, FIH prevents HIF-1α from engaging in its transcriptional actions. Using the existing scientific literature, we conclude in this study that NF-κB is the major regulator of tumour cell growth and proliferation via pyruvate-mediated competitive inhibition of PHD-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubham Rastogi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sara Aldosary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz S Saeedan
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Nazam Ansari
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manjari Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Assam Central University, Silchar, India
| | - Gaurav Kaithwas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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23
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Muangthong T, Chusangnin P, Hassametto A, Tanomrat R, Suwannalert P. Thioredoxin Reductase-1 as a Potential Biomarker in Fibroblast-Associated HCT116 Cancer Cell Progression and Dissemination in a Zebrafish Model. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 15:cancers15010056. [PMID: 36612053 PMCID: PMC9817953 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15010056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment, especially that of fibroblasts, strongly promotes colorectal cancer (CRC) progression. Progressive cancers usually accumulate high reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to oxidative stress. The stress relates to the expression of thioredoxin reductase-1 (TrxR-1), which is an oxidative stress sensitivity molecule. This study aimed to investigate TrxR-1 expression as an indication of colon-fibroblast-inducing colorectal cancer progression and metastasis. We found that the high proliferative fibroblast-cultured media (FCM) contained pro-inflammatory cytokines that have a high ability to influence HCT116 and CRC cell progression, when compared with complete media (CM) as a control in terms of growth (CM = 100.00%, FCM = 165.96%), migration (CM = 32.22%, FCM = 83.07%), invasion (CM = 130 cells/field, FCM = 449 cells/field), and EMT transformation while decreasing E-cadherin expression (CM = 1.00, FCM = 0.69) and shape factor (CM = 0.94, FCM = 0.61). In addition, the overexpression of TrxR-1 is associated with cellular oxidant enchantment in FCM-treated cells. A dot plot analysis showed a strong relation between the EMT process and the overexpression of TrxR-1 in FCM-treated cells (CM = 13/100 cells, FCM = 45/100 cells). The cancer transplantation of the adult zebrafish model illustrated a significantly higher number of microtumors in FCM-treated cells (CM = 4.33 ± 1.51/HPF, FCM = 25.00 ± 13.18/HPF) disseminated in the intraperitoneal cavity with TrxR-1 positive cells. The overexpression of TrxR-1 indicated fibroblast-associated CRC progression in HCT116 cells and the zebrafish model. Therefore, TrxR-1 could be applied as a novel biomarker for colorectal cancer progression and prognostic evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tharathip Muangthong
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Pornnapat Chusangnin
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Artchaya Hassametto
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Rataya Tanomrat
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Prasit Suwannalert
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Pathobiology Information and Learning Center, Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Correspondence:
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24
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Elkholi IE, Lalonde A, Park M, Côté JF. Breast Cancer Metastatic Dormancy and Relapse: An Enigma of Microenvironment(s). Cancer Res 2022; 82:4497-4510. [PMID: 36214624 PMCID: PMC9755970 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-22-1902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Multiple factors act in concert to define the fate of disseminated tumor cells (DTC) to enter dormancy or develop overt metastases. Here, we review these factors in the context of three stages of the metastatic cascade that impact DTCs. First, cells can be programmed within the primary tumor microenvironment to promote or inhibit dissemination, and the primary tumor can condition a premetastatic niche. Then, cancer cells from the primary tumor spread through hematogenous and lymphatic routes, and the primary tumor sends cues systematically to regulate the fate of DTCs. Finally, DTCs home to their metastatic site, where they are influenced by various organ-specific aspects of the new microenvironment. We discuss these factors in the context of breast cancer, where about one-third of patients develop metastatic relapse. Finally, we discuss how the standard-of-care options for breast cancer might affect the fate of DTCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Islam E. Elkholi
- Montreal Clinical Research Institute (IRCM), Montreal, Québec, Canada.,Molecular Biology Programs, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada.,Corresponding Authors: Jean-François Côté, Montreal Clinical Research Institute (IRCM), 110 Avenue des Pins Ouest, Montréal H2W 1R7, Québec, Canada. Phone: 514-987-5647; E-mail: ; and Islam E. Elkholi, Montreal Clinical Research Institute (IRCM), 110 Avenue des Pins Ouest, Montréal (QC) Canada, H2W 1R7. Phone: 514-987-5656; E-mail:
| | - Andréane Lalonde
- Montreal Clinical Research Institute (IRCM), Montreal, Québec, Canada.,Molecular Biology Programs, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Morag Park
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jean-François Côté
- Montreal Clinical Research Institute (IRCM), Montreal, Québec, Canada.,Molecular Biology Programs, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Corresponding Authors: Jean-François Côté, Montreal Clinical Research Institute (IRCM), 110 Avenue des Pins Ouest, Montréal H2W 1R7, Québec, Canada. Phone: 514-987-5647; E-mail: ; and Islam E. Elkholi, Montreal Clinical Research Institute (IRCM), 110 Avenue des Pins Ouest, Montréal (QC) Canada, H2W 1R7. Phone: 514-987-5656; E-mail:
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25
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García-Vargas AM, Roque-Reyes YM, Arroyo-Villegas DM, Santiago-Negron D, Sánchez-Vázquez MM, Rivera-Torres A, Reyes-Meléndez AC, Cardona-Berdecía V, García-Maldonado M, Víquez OM, Martínez-Ferrer M. HLA-BAT1 alters migration, invasion and pro-inflammatory cytokines in prostate cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:969396. [PMID: 36505884 PMCID: PMC9727259 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.969396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) accounts for more than 1 in 5 diagnoses and is the second cause of cancer-related deaths in men. Although PCa may be successfully treated, patients may undergo cancer recurrence and there is a need for new biomarkers to improve the prediction of prostate cancer recurrence and improve treatment. Our laboratory demonstrated that HLA-B-associated transcript 1 (BAT1) was differentially expressed in patients with high Gleason scores when compared to low Gleason scores. BAT1 is an anti-inflammatory gene but its role in PCa has not been identified. The objective of this study is to understand the role of BAT1 in prostate cancer. In vitro studies showed that BAT1 down-regulation increased cell migration and invasion. In contrast, BAT1 overexpression decreased cell migration and invasion. RT-PCR analysis showed differential expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6) and cell adhesion and migration genes (MMP10, MMP13, and TIMPs) in BAT1 overexpressed cells when compared to BAT1 siRNA cells. Our in vivo studies demonstrated up-regulation of TNF-α, IL-6, and MMP10 in tumors developed from transfected BAT1 shRNA cells when compared to tumors developed from BAT1 cDNA cells. These findings indicate that BAT1 down-regulation modulates TNF-α and IL-6 expression which may lead to the secretion of MMP-10 and inhibition of TIMP2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aileen M. García-Vargas
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR, United States
- Division of Cancer Biology, University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Juan, PR, United States
| | - Yarelis M. Roque-Reyes
- Division of Cancer Biology, University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Juan, PR, United States
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, San Juan, PR, United States
| | - Desiree M. Arroyo-Villegas
- Division of Cancer Biology, University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Juan, PR, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, San Juan, PR, United States
| | - Daniel Santiago-Negron
- Division of Cancer Biology, University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Juan, PR, United States
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - María M. Sánchez-Vázquez
- Division of Cancer Biology, University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Juan, PR, United States
| | - Alejandro Rivera-Torres
- Division of Cancer Biology, University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Juan, PR, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, San Juan, PR, United States
| | - Andrea C. Reyes-Meléndez
- Division of Cancer Biology, University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Juan, PR, United States
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, San Juan, PR, United States
| | - Valerie Cardona-Berdecía
- Division of Cancer Biology, University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Juan, PR, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, San Juan, PR, United States
| | - Miosotis García-Maldonado
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR, United States
| | - Olga M. Víquez
- Research Biobank, University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Juan, PR, United States
| | - Magaly Martínez-Ferrer
- Division of Cancer Biology, University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Juan, PR, United States
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
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26
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Zhang T, Wang Y, Inuzuka H, Wei W. Necroptosis pathways in tumorigenesis. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:32-40. [PMID: 35908574 PMCID: PMC11010659 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Necroptosis is a caspase-independent form of programmed cell death executed by the receptor interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1)-RIPK3-mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL) signaling cascade, deregulation of which can cause various human diseases including cancer. Escape from programmed cell death is a hallmark of cancer, leading to uncontrolled growth and drug resistance. Therefore, it is crucial to further understand whether necroptosis plays a key role in therapeutic resistance. In this review, we summarize the recent findings of the link between necroptosis and cancer, and discuss that targeting necroptosis is a new strategy to overcome apoptosis resistance in tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Yingnan Wang
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Hiroyuki Inuzuka
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Wenyi Wei
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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27
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Lu Z, Ma L, Mei L, Ren K, Li M, Zhang L, Liu X, He Q. Micellar nanoparticles inhibit the postoperative inflammation, recurrence and pulmonary metastasis of 4T1 breast cancer by blocking NF-κB pathway and promoting MDSCs depletion. Int J Pharm 2022; 628:122303. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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ENO1 Binds to ApoC3 and Impairs the Proliferation of T Cells via IL-8/STAT3 Pathway in OSCC. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232112777. [DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymph node metastasis is associated with poor prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), and few studies have explored the relevance of postoperative lymphatic drainage (PLD) in metastatic OSCC. Alpha-enolase (ENO1) is a metabolic enzyme, which is related to lymphatic metastasis of OSCC. However, the role of ENO1 in PLD in metastatic OSCC has not been elucidated. Herein, we collected lymphatic drainage after lymphadenectomy between metastatic and non-metastatic lymph nodes in OSCC patients to investigate the relationship between ENO1 expression and metastasis, and to identify the proteins which interacted with ENO1 in PLD of patients with metastatic OSCC by MS/GST pulldown assay. Results revealed that the metabolic protein apolipoprotein C-III (ApoC3) was a novel partner of ENO1. The ENO1 bound to ApoC3 in OSCC cells and elicited the production of interleukin (IL)-8, as demonstrated through a cytokine antibody assay. We also studied the function of IL-8 on Jurkat T cells co-cultured with OSCC cells in vitro. Western blot analysis was applied to quantitate STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) and p-STAT3 levels. Mechanistically, OSCC cells activated the STAT3 signaling pathway on Jurkat T cells through IL-8 secretion, promoted apoptosis, and inhibited the proliferation of Jurkat T cells. Collectively, these findings illuminate the molecular mechanisms underlying the function of ENO1 in metastasis OSCC and provide new strategies for targeting ENO1 for OSCC treatment.
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29
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Caliez O, Pietrasz D, Ksontini F, Doat S, Simon JM, Vaillant JC, Taly V, Laurent-Puig P, Bachet JB. Circulating tumor DNA: a help to guide therapeutic strategy in patients with borderline and locally advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma? Dig Liver Dis 2022; 54:1428-1436. [PMID: 35120842 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2022.01.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND prognostic biomarkers could be useful to better select patients with borderline resectable (BR) or locally advanced (LA) pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PA) for chemoradiotherapy (CRT) and/or secondary resection. AIMS The main objective of this work was to study characteristics, received treatments and prognostic of patients with BR or LA PA according to their baseline circulating tumor DNA status and, for secondary objective, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte Ratio (NLR). METHODS ctDNA status at baseline was determined using Next Generation Sequencing in a consecutive monocentric cohort of patients with a BR or LA PA. RESULTS 69 patients were included, 31 with BR PA and 38 with LA PA. 14 (20.3%) patients had baseline positive ctDNA. Five (7.8%) patients had NLR> 5. Patients with positive ctDNA had 3.7 months shorter progression free survival (p = 0.006). Patients with positive ctDNA had earlier progression after the beginning of CRT (4.4 vs 7.1 months; p = 0.068) and shorter relapse free survival after secondary resection (9.2 vs 22.9 months; p = 0.016). CONCLUSIONS positive ctDNA at baseline was associated with a worse prognosis in patients with BR or LA PA. These data are exploratory and must be confirmed in further prospective trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Caliez
- Department of Gastroenterology, La Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France; French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Université de Paris, Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, UPMC, Paris 6, France
| | - Daniel Pietrasz
- French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Université de Paris, Paris, France; Department of Digestive Surgery, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France
| | - Feryel Ksontini
- Department of Oncology, Institute Salah-Azaïz, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Solène Doat
- Department of Gastroenterology, La Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Jean-Marc Simon
- Department of Radiation Oncology, La Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Vaillant
- Department of Digestive Surgery, La Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Valerie Taly
- French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Laurent-Puig
- French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Bachet
- Department of Gastroenterology, La Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France; French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Université de Paris, Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, UPMC, Paris 6, France.
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30
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Identification of Necroptosis-Related miRNA Signature as a Potential Predictive Biomarker for Prognosis and Immune Status in Colon Adenocarcinoma. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:9413562. [PMID: 36065304 PMCID: PMC9440827 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9413562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Objective Increasing studies suggest that necroptosis is correlated with tumor progression. And aberrant microRNA (miRNA) expression plays a vital role in various tumors. Thus, we are committed to exploring a necroptosis-associated miRNA signature to serve as a prognostic biomarker in colon adenocarcinoma (COAD). Data Sources and Methods. In the current study, The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database was used to download the miRNA and mRNA expression profiles and clinical information of samples. All patients were stochastically assigned to TCGA-train and TCGA-test clusters. Subsequently, we established a prognostic signature comprised of necroptosis-related miRNAs (NR-mis) via LASSO-Cox regression and then developed a nomogram signature composed of the prognostic signature and clinical factors. Corresponding prognostic values were evaluated. Functional analysis, tumor microenvironment (TME), and chemosensitivity of risk subgroups were also identified. Results The prognostic signature based on miR-141-3p, miR-148a-3p, miR-16-5p, and miR-200a-5p was closely associated with overall survival (OS) of samples and tumor metastasis in COAD. The Area Under Curve (AUC) was 0.605, 0.721, and 0.752 in TCGA-train cluster , 0.661, 0.613, and 0.695 in the TCGA-test cluster at 1, 3, and 5 years, respectively. The C-index for nomogram signature was 0.754. Functional analysis showed the remarkable enrichment of the signature-dependent miRNAs in tumor progression and immune response. And two risk subgroups were correlated with the distinct immune infiltration and immune checkpoints. In addition, the high-risk subgroup is more sensitive to cisplatin, doxorubicin, etoposide, and gemcitabine. Conclusions Necroptosis-related miRNAs play a crucial role in the prognosis, metastasis, immune status, and drug sensitivity in COAD.
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31
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Pathological classification of desmoplastic reaction is prognostic factor in cervical adenocarcinoma. Med Mol Morphol 2022; 55:275-282. [DOI: 10.1007/s00795-022-00329-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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32
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Sun L, Zhao W, Wang F, Song X, Wang X, Li C, Yu Z. A Nomogram Based on Hematological Parameters and Clinicopathological Characteristics for Predicting Local-Regional Recurrence After Breast-Conserving Therapy. Front Oncol 2022; 12:861210. [PMID: 35928880 PMCID: PMC9344968 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.861210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The aim of this study was to identify the factors for local-regional recurrence (LRR) after breast-conserving therapy (BCT). We established a practical nomogram to predict the likelihood of LRR after BCT based on hematological parameters and clinicopathological features. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 2,085 consecutive breast cancer patients who received BCT in Shandong Cancer Hospital from 2006 to 2016, including 1,460 patients in the training cohort and 625 patients in the validation cohort. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed based on hematological parameters (fibrinogen, platelets, mean platelet volume, neutrophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes) and clinicopathological characteristics to identify the independent factors for LRR. Subsequently, a nomogram for predicting LRR was established by logistic regression analysis. The nomogram was validated in 625 patients in the validation cohort. Results During the median follow-up period of 66 months, 44 (3.01%) patients in the training cohort and 19 (3.04%) patients in the validation cohort suffered from LRR. Multivariate analysis showed six independent factors related to LRR, including molecular subtype, pathological N stage, re-resection, radiotherapy or not, platelet count*MPV*fibrinogen (PMF), and neutrophil count/lymphocyte count ratio (NLR). Six variables were entered into logistic regression to establish the nomogram for predicting LRR. The nomogram of LRR showed excellent discrimination and prediction accuracy. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was 0.89 (p < 0.001, 95% CI = 0.83, 0.95) in the training cohort and 0.88 (p < 0.001, 95% CI = 0.8, 0.96) in the validation cohort. Calibration curves for the prediction model in the training and validation cohorts both demonstrated satisfactory consistency between the nomogram-predicted and actual LRR. Conclusion The combination of hematological parameters and clinicopathological characteristics can predict LRR after BCT. The predictive nomogram based on preoperative and postoperative indicators of BCT might serve as a practical tool for individualized prognostication. More prospective studies should be performed to verify the model.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Chao Li
- *Correspondence: Chao Li, ; Zhiyong Yu,
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Zhang Y, Qin X, Li Y, Zhang X, Luo R, Wu Z, Li V, Han S, Wang H, Wang H. A Prediction Model Intended for Exploratory Laparoscopy Risk Stratification in Colorectal Cancer Patients With Potential Occult Peritoneal Metastasis. Front Oncol 2022; 12:943951. [PMID: 35912189 PMCID: PMC9326510 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.943951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The early diagnosis of occult peritoneal metastasis (PM) remains a challenge due to the low sensitivity on computed tomography (CT) images. Exploratory laparoscopy is the gold standard to confirm PM but should only be proposed in selected patients due to its invasiveness, high cost, and port-site metastasis risk. In this study, we aimed to develop an individualized prediction model to identify occult PM status and determine optimal candidates for exploratory laparoscopy. Method A total of 622 colorectal cancer (CRC) patients from 2 centers were divided into training and external validation cohorts. All patients’ PM status was first detected as negative on CT imaging but later confirmed by exploratory laparoscopy. Multivariate analysis was used to identify independent predictors, which were used to build a prediction model for identifying occult PM in CRC. The concordance index (C-index), calibration plot and decision curve analysis were used to evaluate its predictive accuracy and clinical utility. Results The C-indices of the model in the development and validation groups were 0.850 (95% CI 0.815-0.885) and 0.794 (95% CI, 0.690-0.899), respectively. The calibration curve showed consistency between the observed and predicted probabilities. The decision curve analysis indicated that the prediction model has a great clinical value between thresholds of 0.10 and 0.72. At a risk threshold of 30%, a total of 40% of exploratory laparoscopies could have been prevented, while still identifying 76.7% of clinically occult PM cases. A dynamic online platform was also developed to facilitate the usage of the proposed model. Conclusions Our individualized risk model could reduce the number of unnecessary exploratory laparoscopies while maintaining a high rate of diagnosis of clinically occult PM. These results warrant further validation in prospective studies. Clinical Trial Registration https://www.isrctn.com, identifier ISRCTN76852032
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanxin Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiusen Qin
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- General Surgery Center, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Luo
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhijie Wu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Victoria Li
- Department of Secondary Education, Yew Chung International School, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shuai Han
- General Surgery Center, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Huaiming Wang, ; Hui Wang, ; Shuai Han,
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Huaiming Wang, ; Hui Wang, ; Shuai Han,
| | - Huaiming Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Huaiming Wang, ; Hui Wang, ; Shuai Han,
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Identification and Validation of Prognosis-Related Necroptosis Genes for Prognostic Prediction in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:3172099. [PMID: 35813858 PMCID: PMC9259286 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3172099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background The prediction of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) survival is challenging because of its rapid progression. In recent years, necroptosis was found to be involved in the progression of multiple cancer types. However, the role of necroptosis in HCC remains unclear. Methods Clinicopathological parameters and transcriptomic data of 370 HCC patients were obtained from TCGA-LIHC dataset. Prognosis-related necroptosis genes (PRNGs) were identified and utilized to construct a LASSO risk model. The GEO cohorts (GSE54236 and GSE14520) were used for external validation. We evaluated the distribution of HCC patients, the difference in prognosis, and the accuracy of the prognostic prediction of the LASSO risk model. The immune microenvironment and functional enrichment of different risk groups were further clarified. Finally, we performed a drug sensitivity analysis on the PRNGs that constructed the LASSO model and verified their mRNA expression levels in vitro. Results: A total of 48 differentially expressed genes were identified, 23 of which were PRNGs. We constructed the LASSO risk model using nine genes: SQSTM1, FLT3, HAT1, PLK1, MYCN, KLF9, HSP90AA1, TARDBP, and TNFRSF21. The outcomes of low-risk patients were considerably better than those of high-risk patients in both the training and validation cohorts. In addition, stronger bile acid metabolism, xenobiotic metabolism, and more active immune cells and immune functions were observed in low-risk patients, and high expressions of TARDBP, PLK1, and FLT3 were associated with greater drug sensitivity. With the exception of FLT3, the mRNA expression of the other eight genes was verified in Huh7 and 97H cells. Conclusions. The PRNG signature provides a novel and effective method for predicting the outcome of HCC as well as potential targets for further research.
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Li XY, Su LX, Chen WX, Liu H, Zhang LY, Shen YC, You JX, Wang JB, Zhang L, Wang D, Wen MZ, Wang Z, Shao YH, Chen DH, Yang XT. Clinical Implications of Necroptosis Genes Expression for Cancer Immunity and Prognosis: A Pan-Cancer Analysis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:882216. [PMID: 35795676 PMCID: PMC9251086 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.882216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Necroptosis, a form of programmed cell death, is increasingly being investigated for its controversial role in tumorigenesis and progression. Necroptosis suppresses tumor formation and tumor development by killing tumor cells; however, the necrotic cells also promote tumor formation and tumor development via the immunosuppressive effect of necroptosis and inflammatory response caused by cytokine release. Thus, the exact mechanism of necroptosis in pan-cancer remains unknown. Methods The data of 11,057 cancer samples were downloaded from the TCGA database, along with clinical information, tumor mutation burden, and microsatellite instability information of the corresponding patients. We used the TCGA data in a pan-cancer analysis to identify differences in mRNA level as well as single nucleotide variants, copy number variants, methylation profiles, and genomic signatures of miRNA-mRNA interactions. Two drug datasets (from GDSC, CTRP) were used to evaluate drug sensitivity and resistance against necroptosis genes. Results Necroptosis genes were aberrantly expressed in various cancers. The frequency of necroptosis gene mutations was highest in lung squamous cell carcinoma. Furthermore, the correlation between necroptosis gene expression in the tumor microenvironment and immune cell infiltration varied for different cancers. High necroptosis gene expression was found to correlate with NK, Tfh, Th1, CD8_T, and DC cells. These can therefore be used as biomarkers to predict prognosis. By matching gene targets with drugs, we identified potential candidate drugs. Conclusion Our study showed the genomic alterations and clinical features of necroptosis genes in 33 cancers. This may help clarify the link between necroptosis and tumorigenesis. Our findings may also provide new approaches for the clinical treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-yu Li
- Department of Interventional Therapy, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-xin Su
- Department of Interventional Therapy, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Xue Chen
- Department of Interventional Therapy, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu-yu Zhang
- The Department of Kidney Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yu-Chen Shen
- Department of Interventional Therapy, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Xiong You
- Department of Interventional Therapy, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing-Bing Wang
- Department of Interventional Therapy, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liming Zhang
- Department of Interventional Therapy, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Deming Wang
- Department of Interventional Therapy, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming-Zhe Wen
- Department of Interventional Therapy, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenfeng Wang
- Department of Interventional Therapy, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-hao Shao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - De-Hu Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Hospital Affiliated 5 to Nantong University (Taizhou People's Hospital), Taizhou, China
| | - Xi-tao Yang
- Department of Interventional Therapy, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xi-tao Yang,
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The Breast Cancer Protooncogenes HER2, BRCA1 and BRCA2 and Their Regulation by the iNOS/NOS2 Axis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11061195. [PMID: 35740092 PMCID: PMC9227079 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS; NOS2) and derived NO in various cancers was reported to exert pro- and anti-tumorigenic effects depending on the levels of expression and the tumor types. In humans, the breast cancer level of iNOS was reported to be overexpressed, to exhibit pro-tumorigenic activities, and to be of prognostic significance. Likewise, the expression of the oncogenes HER2, BRCA1, and BRCA2 has been associated with malignancy. The interrelationship between the expression of these protooncogenes and oncogenes and the expression of iNOS is not clear. We have hypothesized that there exist cross-talk signaling pathways between the breast cancer protooncogenes, the iNOS axis, and iNOS-mediated NO mutations of these protooncogenes into oncogenes. We review the molecular regulation of the expression of the protooncogenes in breast cancer and their interrelationships with iNOS expression and activities. In addition, we discuss the roles of iNOS, HER2, BRCA1/2, and NO metabolism in the pathophysiology of cancer stem cells. Bioinformatic analyses have been performed and have found suggested molecular alterations responsible for breast cancer aggressiveness. These include the association of BRCA1/2 mutations and HER2 amplifications with the dysregulation of the NOS pathway. We propose that future studies should be undertaken to investigate the regulatory mechanisms underlying the expression of iNOS and various breast cancer oncogenes, with the aim of identifying new therapeutic targets for the treatment of breast cancers that are refractory to current treatments.
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Hsu CF, Seenan V, Wang LY, Chu TY. Ovulation Enhances Intraperitoneal and Ovarian Seedings of High-Grade Serous Carcinoma Cells Originating from the Fallopian Tube: Confirmation in a Bursa-Free Mouse Xenograft Model. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116211. [PMID: 35682896 PMCID: PMC9181345 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Recently, new paradigms for the etiology and origin of ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) have emerged. The carcinogens released during ovulation transform fallopian tube epithelial cells, exfoliating and metastasizing to the peritoneal organs, including the ovaries. Solid in vivo evidence of the paradigms in a mouse model is urgently needed but is hampered by the differing tubo-ovarian structures. In mice, there is a bursa structure surrounding the distal oviduct and ovary. This, on one hand, prevents the direct influence of ovulatory follicular fluid (FF) on the exfoliated tumor cells. On the other hand, it hinders the seeding of exfoliated tumor cells into the ovary. Methods: In this study, we created a bursa-free mouse xenograft model to examine the effect of superovulation on peritoneal and ovarian metastases of transformed human tubal epithelial cells after intraperitoneal injection in NSG mice. Results: The bursa-free mouse model showed a better effect of ovulation on peritoneal metastasis. In this model, superovulation increased the number of transformed human tubal epithelial cell seedlings after intraperitoneal injection. Compared to the bursa-intact state, bursa-free ovaries were more vulnerable to external tumor seeding in either normal ovulation or superovulation state. Conclusions: This study provides the first in vivo evidence that intraperitoneal spreading of tubal HGSC cells is enhanced by ovulation. This study also demonstrated a mouse model for studying ovary-peritoneum interaction in cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che-Fang Hsu
- Center for Prevention and Therapy of Gynecological Cancers, Department of Medical Research, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan; (C.-F.H.); (V.S.); (L.-Y.W.)
| | - Vaishnavi Seenan
- Center for Prevention and Therapy of Gynecological Cancers, Department of Medical Research, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan; (C.-F.H.); (V.S.); (L.-Y.W.)
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Yuan Wang
- Center for Prevention and Therapy of Gynecological Cancers, Department of Medical Research, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan; (C.-F.H.); (V.S.); (L.-Y.W.)
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Tang-Yuan Chu
- Center for Prevention and Therapy of Gynecological Cancers, Department of Medical Research, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan; (C.-F.H.); (V.S.); (L.-Y.W.)
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan
- Department of Life Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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Relationship between gut microbiota and colorectal cancer: Probiotics as a potential strategy for prevention. Food Res Int 2022; 156:111327. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Guo Y, Ren Y, Dong X, Kan X, Zheng C. An Overview of Hepatocellular Carcinoma After Insufficient Radiofrequency Ablation. J Hepatocell Carcinoma 2022; 9:343-355. [PMID: 35502292 PMCID: PMC9056053 DOI: 10.2147/jhc.s358539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a commonly used treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), however, various complex conditions in clinical practice may lead to insufficient radiofrequency ablation (IRFA), allowing residual HCC to survive. In clinical practice and laboratory models, IRFA plays an important role in rapid tumor progression. Therefore, targeting the residual HCC and avoiding IRFA were worthwhile methods. A deeper understanding of IRFA is required; IRFA contributes to the improvement of proliferative activity, migration rates, and invasive capacity, and this may be due to the involvement of multiple complex processes or proteins, including epithelial mesenchymal transitions (EMTs), cancer stem cells (CSCs), autophagy, heat shock proteins (HSPs), changes of non-tumor cells and extracellular matrix, altered immune microenvironment, hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), growth factors, epigenetic alterations, and metabolic reprogramming. We focus on the processes of the above mechanisms and possible therapeutic approach, with a review of the literature. Additionally, we recapitulated the construction methods of various experimental models of IRFA (in vivo and in vitro).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusheng Guo
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, People’s Republic of China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, 430022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanqiao Ren
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, People’s Republic of China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, 430022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiangjun Dong
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, People’s Republic of China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, 430022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuefeng Kan
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, People’s Republic of China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, 430022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chuansheng Zheng
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, People’s Republic of China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, 430022, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Chuansheng Zheng, Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, People’s Republic of China, Tel/Fax +86-27-85726290, Email
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Chen M, Wu W, Wang S, Lai X, Liu M, Sun Y, Liu X, Li G, Song Y, Bao C, Li X, Chen G, Deng Y. Neutrophils as emerging immunotherapeutic targets: Indirect treatment of tumors by regulating the tumor immune environment based on a sialic acid derivative-modified nanocomplex platform. Int J Pharm 2022; 620:121684. [PMID: 35314280 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Tumor cells are dependent on their microenvironment; thus, targeting the non-cancerous components surrounding the tumor may be beneficial. Neutrophils are important inflammatory cells in the tumor microenvironment that significantly affect tumor cell proliferation, metastasis, and immune regulation. Targeted regulation of tumor-associated neutrophil-related pathways is expected to become a new therapeutic approach. Colchicine compounds are powerful anti-inflammatory drugs that strongly inhibit the chemotaxis of neutrophils to the inflammatory site. We attempted to achieve anticancer effects by utilizing its ability to inhibit neutrophil recruitment rather than killing tumor cells. As such drugs are likely to cause non-specific damages due to the lack of selectivity, we synthesized and used sialic acid and cholesterol derivatives (SA-CH) for surface modification of the newly synthesized low-toxic colchicine derivative (BCS) nanocomposite to improve neutrophil targeting. In vivo and in vitro experiments have shown that SA-CH-modified BCS preparations are effectively absorbed by neutrophils, inhibit cell migration, reduce infiltration of tumor-associated neutrophils, enhance T lymphocyte function, and exhibit good anti-S180 early tumor effect. In addition, in a triple-negative breast cancer model, the agent could strongly inhibit tumor metastasis to the lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, PR China.
| | - Wenjing Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, PR China.
| | - Shuo Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, PR China.
| | - Xiaoxue Lai
- College of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, PR China.
| | - Mengyang Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, PR China.
| | - Yiming Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, PR China.
| | - Xinrong Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, PR China.
| | - Gang Li
- College of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, PR China.
| | - Yanzhi Song
- College of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, PR China.
| | - Changshun Bao
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Xiaohu Li
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Guoliang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Yihui Deng
- College of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, PR China.
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Risk Factors for Occurrence and Relapse of Soft Tissue Sarcoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14051273. [PMID: 35267581 PMCID: PMC8909240 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14051273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The diagnosis and prognostic outcome of STS pose a therapeutic challenge in an interdisciplinary setting. The treatment protocols are still discussed controversially. This systematic meta-analysis aimed to determine prognostic factors leading to the development and recurrence of STS. Eligible studies that investigated potential risk factors such as smoking, genetic dispositions, toxins, chronic inflammation as well as prognostic relapse factors including radiation, chemotherapy and margins of resection were identified. Data from 24 studies published between 1993 and 2019 that comprised 6452 patients were pooled. A statistically significant effect developing STS was found in overall studies stating a causality between risk factors and the development of STS (p < 0.01). Although subgroup analysis did not meet statistical significances, it revealed a greater magnitude with smoking (p = 0.23), genetic predisposition (p = 0.13) chronic inflammation, (p = 0.20), and toxins (p = 0.14). Secondly, pooled analyses demonstrated a higher risk of relapse for margin of resection (p = 0.78), chemotherapy (p = 0.20) and radiation (p = 0.16); after 3 years of follow-up. Therefore, we were able to identify risk and relapse prognostic factors for STS, helping to diagnose and treat this low incidental cancer properly.
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Ecovoiu AA, Ratiu AC, Micheu MM, Chifiriuc MC. Inter-Species Rescue of Mutant Phenotype-The Standard for Genetic Analysis of Human Genetic Disorders in Drosophila melanogaster Model. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:2613. [PMID: 35269756 PMCID: PMC8909942 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Drosophila melanogaster (the fruit fly) is arguably a superstar of genetics, an astonishing versatile experimental model which fueled no less than six Nobel prizes in medicine. Nowadays, an evolving research endeavor is to simulate and investigate human genetic diseases in the powerful D. melanogaster platform. Such a translational experimental strategy is expected to allow scientists not only to understand the molecular mechanisms of the respective disorders but also to alleviate or even cure them. In this regard, functional gene orthology should be initially confirmed in vivo by transferring human or vertebrate orthologous transgenes in specific mutant backgrounds of D. melanogaster. If such a transgene rescues, at least partially, the mutant phenotype, then it qualifies as a strong candidate for modeling the respective genetic disorder in the fruit fly. Herein, we review various examples of inter-species rescue of relevant mutant phenotypes of the fruit fly and discuss how these results recommend several human genes as candidates to study and validate genetic variants associated with human diseases. We also consider that a wider implementation of this evolutionist exploratory approach as a standard for the medicine of genetic disorders would allow this particular field of human health to advance at a faster pace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandru Al. Ecovoiu
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 060101 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Attila Cristian Ratiu
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 060101 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Miruna Mihaela Micheu
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, 014461 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Mariana Carmen Chifiriuc
- The Research Institute of the University of Bucharest and Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania;
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Mishra S, Charan M, Shukla RK, Agarwal P, Misri S, Verma AK, Ahirwar DK, Siddiqui J, Kaul K, Sahu N, Vyas K, Garg AA, Khan A, Miles WO, Song JW, Bhutani N, Ganju RK. cPLA2 blockade attenuates S100A7-mediated breast tumorigenicity by inhibiting the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2022; 41:54. [PMID: 35135586 PMCID: PMC8822829 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-02221-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Molecular mechanisms underlying inflammation-associated breast tumor growth are poorly studied. S100A7, a pro-inflammatory molecule has been shown to enhance breast cancer growth and metastasis. However, the S100A7-mediated molecular mechanisms in enhancing tumor growth and metastasis are unclear. METHODS Human breast cancer tissue and plasma samples were used to analyze the expression of S100A7, cPLA2, and PGE2. S100A7-overexpressing or downregulated human metastatic breast cancer cells were used to evaluate the S100A7-mediated downstream signaling mechanisms. Bi-transgenic mS100a7a15 overexpression, TNBC C3 (1)/Tag transgenic, and humanized patient-derived xenograft mouse models and cPLA2 inhibitor (AACOCF3) were used to investigate the role of S100A7/cPLA2/PGE2 signaling in tumor growth and metastasis. Additionally, CODEX, a highly advanced multiplexed imaging was employed to delineate the effects of S100A7/cPLA2 inhibition on the recruitment of various immune cells. RESULTS In this study, we found that S100A7 and cPLA2 are highly expressed and correlate with decreased overall survival in breast cancer patients. Further mechanistic studies revealed that S100A7/RAGE signaling promotes the expression of cPLA2 to mediate its oncogenic effects. Pharmacological inhibition of cPLA2 suppressed S100A7-mediated tumor growth and metastasis in multiple pre-clinical models including transgenic and humanized patient-derived xenograft (PDX) mouse models. The attenuation of cPLA2 signaling reduced S100A7-mediated recruitment of immune-suppressive myeloid cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Interestingly, we discovered that the S100A7/cPLA2 axis enhances the immunosuppressive microenvironment by increasing prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Furthermore, CO-Detection by indEXing (CODEX) imaging-based analyses revealed that cPLA2 inhibition increased the infiltration of activated and proliferating CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the TME. In addition, CD163+ tumor associated-macrophages were positively associated with S100A7 and cPLA2 expression in malignant breast cancer patients. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides new mechanistic insights on the cross-talk between S100A7/cPLA2 in enhancing breast tumor growth and metastasis by generating an immunosuppressive TME that inhibits the infiltration of cytotoxic T cells. Furthermore, our studies indicate that S100A7/cPLA2 could be used as novel prognostic marker and cPLA2 inhibitors as promising drugs against S100A7-overexpressing aggressive breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Mishra
- grid.261331.40000 0001 2285 7943Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA ,grid.261331.40000 0001 2285 7943Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Manish Charan
- grid.261331.40000 0001 2285 7943Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA ,grid.261331.40000 0001 2285 7943Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Rajni Kant Shukla
- grid.261331.40000 0001 2285 7943Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA ,grid.261331.40000 0001 2285 7943Department of Microbial, Infection & Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Pranay Agarwal
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Swati Misri
- grid.261331.40000 0001 2285 7943Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA ,grid.261331.40000 0001 2285 7943Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Ajeet K. Verma
- grid.261331.40000 0001 2285 7943Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA ,grid.261331.40000 0001 2285 7943Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Dinesh K. Ahirwar
- grid.261331.40000 0001 2285 7943Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA ,grid.261331.40000 0001 2285 7943Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Jalal Siddiqui
- grid.261331.40000 0001 2285 7943Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA ,grid.261331.40000 0001 2285 7943Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Kirti Kaul
- grid.261331.40000 0001 2285 7943Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA ,grid.261331.40000 0001 2285 7943Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Neety Sahu
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Kunj Vyas
- grid.261331.40000 0001 2285 7943Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA ,grid.261331.40000 0001 2285 7943Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Ayush Arpit Garg
- grid.261331.40000 0001 2285 7943Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Anum Khan
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956School of Medicine, Cell Science Imaging Facility, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Wayne O. Miles
- grid.261331.40000 0001 2285 7943Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA ,grid.261331.40000 0001 2285 7943Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Jonathan W. Song
- grid.261331.40000 0001 2285 7943Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA ,grid.261331.40000 0001 2285 7943Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Nidhi Bhutani
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Ramesh K. Ganju
- grid.261331.40000 0001 2285 7943Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA ,grid.261331.40000 0001 2285 7943Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
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Peng X, Zeng W, Tang B, He A, Zhang M, Luo R. Utility of Pretreatment Blood Platelet-To-Lymphocyte Ratio in Prediction of Clinical Outcomes and Chemosensitivity in Patients with Advanced Gastric Cancer: A Meta-Analysis. MEDICAL SCIENCE MONITOR : INTERNATIONAL MEDICAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL RESEARCH 2022; 28:e933449. [PMID: 35095093 PMCID: PMC8815280 DOI: 10.12659/msm.933449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background The results of previous studies that evaluated the association between pretreatment blood platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and clinical outcomes and chemosensitivity in patients with advanced gastric cancer are inconsistent. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the association between pretreatment blood PLR and clinical outcomes and chemosensitivity in advanced gastric cancer patients. Material/Methods We performed a systematic literature search in PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library up to Mar 9, 2021. Hazard ratios (HRs) for overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were pooled for meta-analysis. The quality of the included studies was measured by the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. Results We included 17 studies comprising 3499 patients with advanced GC in this meta-analysis. Pooled results demonstrated that high PLR was correlated with poor OS (HR=1.429, 95% CI=1.246–1.639, P<0.001) and DFS (HR=1.47, 95% CI=1.14–1.88, P=0.003) compared with low PLR in patients with advanced GC. Moreover, high PLR was associated with a lower response to chemotherapy in patients with advanced GC (OR=1.395, 95% CI=1.056–1.841, P=0.019). However, there was no significant correlation between PLR and clinicopathological features. Conclusions This meta-analysis suggests that high PLR is a risk factor for unfavorable OS, DFS, and chemosensitivity in patients with advanced GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiulan Peng
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China (mainland)
| | - Wei Zeng
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China (mainland)
| | - Bing Tang
- Department of Orthopedics, Dongfeng Hospital Affiliated to Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China (mainland)
| | - Anbing He
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China (mainland)
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China (mainland)
| | - Renfeng Luo
- Department of Diagnostics, Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China (mainland)
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45
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Sawicki J, Berner R, Löser T, Schöll E. Modeling Tumor Disease and Sepsis by Networks of Adaptively Coupled Phase Oscillators. FRONTIERS IN NETWORK PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 1:730385. [PMID: 36925568 PMCID: PMC10013027 DOI: 10.3389/fnetp.2021.730385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we provide a dynamical systems perspective to the modelling of pathological states induced by tumors or infection. A unified disease model is established using the innate immune system as the reference point. We propose a two-layer network model for carcinogenesis and sepsis based upon the interaction of parenchymal cells and immune cells via cytokines, and the co-evolutionary dynamics of parenchymal, immune cells, and cytokines. Our aim is to show that the complex cellular cooperation between parenchyma and stroma (immune layer) in the physiological and pathological case can be qualitatively and functionally described by a simple paradigmatic model of phase oscillators. By this, we explain carcinogenesis, tumor progression, and sepsis by destabilization of the healthy homeostatic state (frequency synchronized), and emergence of a pathological state (desynchronized or multifrequency cluster). The coupled dynamics of parenchymal cells (metabolism) and nonspecific immune cells (reaction of innate immune system) are represented by nodes of a duplex layer. The cytokine interaction is modeled by adaptive coupling weights between the nodes representing the immune cells (with fast adaptation time scale) and the parenchymal cells (slow adaptation time scale) and between the pairs of parenchymal and immune cells in the duplex network (fixed bidirectional coupling). Thereby, carcinogenesis, organ dysfunction in sepsis, and recurrence risk can be described in a correct functional context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Sawicki
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Rico Berner
- Institut für Mathematik, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Eckehard Schöll
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Potsdam, Germany
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience Berlin, Humboldt-Universität, Berlin, Germany
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Activation of Innate Immunity by Therapeutic Nucleic Acids. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413360. [PMID: 34948156 PMCID: PMC8704878 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleic acid-based therapeutics have gained increased attention during recent decades because of their wide range of application prospects. Immunostimulatory nucleic acids represent a promising class of potential drugs for the treatment of tumoral and viral diseases due to their low toxicity and stimulation of the body’s own innate immunity by acting on the natural mechanisms of its activation. The repertoire of nucleic acids that directly interact with the components of the immune system is expanding with the improvement of both analytical methods and methods for the synthesis of nucleic acids and their derivatives. Despite the obvious progress in this area, the problem of delivering therapeutic acids to target cells as well as the unresolved issue of achieving a specific therapeutic effect based on activating the mechanism of interferon and anti-inflammatory cytokine synthesis. Minimizing the undesirable effects of excessive secretion of inflammatory cytokines remains an unsolved task. This review examines recent data on the types of immunostimulatory nucleic acids, the receptors interacting with them, and the mechanisms of immunity activation under the action of these molecules. Finally, data on immunostimulatory nucleic acids in ongoing and completed clinical trials will be summarized.
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Zhang T, Ma C, Zhang Z, Zhang H, Hu H. NF-κB signaling in inflammation and cancer. MedComm (Beijing) 2021; 2:618-653. [PMID: 34977871 PMCID: PMC8706767 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Since nuclear factor of κ-light chain of enhancer-activated B cells (NF-κB) was discovered in 1986, extraordinary efforts have been made to understand the function and regulating mechanism of NF-κB for 35 years, which lead to significant progress. Meanwhile, the molecular mechanisms regulating NF-κB activation have also been illuminated, the cascades of signaling events leading to NF-κB activity and key components of the NF-κB pathway are also identified. It has been suggested NF-κB plays an important role in human diseases, especially inflammation-related diseases. These studies make the NF-κB an attractive target for disease treatment. This review aims to summarize the knowledge of the family members of NF-κB, as well as the basic mechanisms of NF-κB signaling pathway activation. We will also review the effects of dysregulated NF-κB on inflammation, tumorigenesis, and tumor microenvironment. The progression of the translational study and drug development targeting NF-κB for inflammatory diseases and cancer treatment and the potential obstacles will be discussed. Further investigations on the precise functions of NF-κB in the physiological and pathological settings and underlying mechanisms are in the urgent need to develop drugs targeting NF-κB for inflammatory diseases and cancer treatment, with minimal side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- Cancer Center and Center for Immunology and HematologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Chao Ma
- Cancer Center and Center for Immunology and HematologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- Immunobiology and Transplant Science CenterHouston Methodist HospitalHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Huiyuan Zhang
- Cancer Center and Center for Immunology and HematologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Hongbo Hu
- Cancer Center and Center for Immunology and HematologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
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Huang YK, Busuttil RA, Boussioutas A. The Role of Innate Immune Cells in Tumor Invasion and Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5885. [PMID: 34884995 PMCID: PMC8656477 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13235885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is considered one of the hallmarks of cancer and enhanced tumor invasion and metastasis is significantly associated with cancer mortality. Metastasis occurs via a series of integrated processes involving tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment. The innate immune components of the microenvironment have been shown to engage with tumor cells and not only regulate their proliferation and survival, but also modulate the surrounding environment to enable cancer progression. In the era of immune therapies, it is critical to understand how different innate immune cell populations are involved in this process. This review summarizes recent literature describing the roles of innate immune cells during the tumor metastatic cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Kuan Huang
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; (Y.-K.H.); (R.A.B.)
| | - Rita A. Busuttil
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; (Y.-K.H.); (R.A.B.)
| | - Alex Boussioutas
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; (Y.-K.H.); (R.A.B.)
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
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Paul S, Roy D, Pati S, Sa G. The Adroitness of Andrographolide as a Natural Weapon Against Colorectal Cancer. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:731492. [PMID: 34795581 PMCID: PMC8592893 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.731492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The conventional carcinoma treatment generally encompasses the employment of radiotherapy, chemotherapy, surgery or use of cytotoxic drugs. However, recent advances in pharmacological research have divulged the importance of traditional treatments in cancer. The aim of the present review is to provide an overview of the importance of one such medicinal herb of Chinese and Indian origin: Andrographis paniculate on colorectal cancer with special emphasis on its principal bioactive component andrographolide (AGP) and its underlying mechanisms of action. AGP has long been known to possess medicinal properties. Studies led by numerous groups of researchers shed light on its molecular mechanism of action. AGP has been shown to act in a multi-faceted manner in context of colorectal cancer by targeting matrix metalloproteinase-9, Toll-like receptor or NFκB signaling pathways. In this review, we highlighted the recent studies that show that AGP can act as an effective immunomodulator by harnessing effective anti-tumor immune response. Recent studies strongly recommend further research on this compound and its analogues, especially under in-vivo condition to assess its actual potential as a prospective and efficient candidate against colorectal cancer. The current review deals with the roles of this phytomedicine in context of colorectal cancer and briefly describes its perspectives to emerge as an essential anti-cancer drug candidate. Finally, we also point out the drawbacks and difficulties in administration of AGP and indicate the use of nano-formulations of this phytomedicine for better therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silpita Paul
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Dia Roy
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Subhadip Pati
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Gaurisankar Sa
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India
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Sun S, Yang H, Wang F, Zhao S. Oct4 downregulation-induced inflammation increases the migration and invasion rate of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2021; 53:1440-1449. [PMID: 34553218 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmab127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory changes are involved in tumor cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) play important roles in inflammatory regulation during tumor development. Oct4 acts as a transcription factor that modulates inflammatory changes in mesenchymal stem cells. In this study, we explored the role of Oct4 in the invasion and migration of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells. LPS and TNF-α were used to treat the OSCC cell lines HN4 and CAL27 to induce inflammation. The generation of inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6, was evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and real-time quantitative PCR. Western blot analysis was employed to detect the expression and phosphorylation of JNK1, p65, and STAT3, which are key modulators of inflammation. Wound scratch healing and transwell invasion assays were further used to determine the role of inflammation in the invasion and migration of OSCC cells. Robust inflammation was observed in HN4 and CAL27 cells treated with LPS and TNF-α. A marked increase in JNK1, p65, and STAT3 phosphorylation levels in OSCC cells was also detected after LPS and TNF-α treatment. The migration and invasion of HN4 and CAL27 cells were significantly boosted by stimulation with LPS and TNF-α. Furthermore, Oct4 mRNA and protein levels were significantly upregulated by stimulation with LPS and TNF-α. Silencing of Oct4 led to reduced inflammation and decreased levels of phosphorylated JNK1, p65, and STAT3 and impaired invasion and migration in LPS- and TNF-α-stimulated OSCC cells. Overall, LPS- and TNF-α-induced inflammation suppressed the migration and invasion of OSCC cells by upregulating Oct4 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuntao Sun
- Department of Stomatology, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Hongyu Yang
- Department of Stomatology, Shenzhen Hospital, Peking University, Shenzhen 518035, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Shenzhen Hospital, Peking University, Shenzhen 518035, China
| | - Shanshan Zhao
- Department of Stomatology, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310012, China
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