1
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Santos HP, Enggasser AE, Clark J, Roell K, Zhabotynsky V, Gower WA, Yanni D, Yang NG, Washburn L, Gogcu S, Marsit CJ, Kuban K, O'Shea TM, Fry RC. Sexually dimorphic methylation patterns characterize the placenta and blood from extremely preterm newborns. BMC Biol 2023; 21:173. [PMID: 37608375 PMCID: PMC10464100 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-023-01662-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health outcomes among children born prematurely are known to be sexually dimorphic, with male infants often more affected, yet the mechanism behind this observation is not clear. CpG methylation levels in the placenta and blood also differ by sex and are associated with adverse health outcomes. We contrasted CpG methylation levels in the placenta and neonatal blood (n = 358) from the Extremely Low Gestational Age Newborn (ELGAN) cohort based on the EPIC array, which assays over 850,000 CpG sites across the epigenome. Sex-specific epigenome-wide association analyses were conducted for the placenta and neonatal blood samples independently, and the results were compared to determine tissue-specific differences between the methylation patterns in males and females. All models were adjusted for cell type heterogeneity. Enrichment pathway analysis was performed to identify the biological functions of genes related to the sexually dimorphic CpG sites. RESULTS Approximately 11,500 CpG sites were differentially methylated in relation to sex. Of these, 5949 were placenta-specific and 5361 were blood-specific, with only 233 CpG sites overlapping in both tissues. For placenta-specific CpG sites, 90% were hypermethylated in males. For blood-specific CpG sites, 95% were hypermethylated in females. In the placenta, keratinocyte differentiation biological pathways were enriched among the differentially methylated genes. No enrichment pathways were observed for blood. CONCLUSIONS Distinct methylation patterns were observed between male and female children born extremely premature, and keratinocyte differentiation pathways were enriched in the placenta. These findings provide new insights into the epigenetic mechanisms underlying sexually dimorphic health outcomes among extremely premature infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hudson P Santos
- School of Nursing and Health Studies, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA.
| | - Adam E Enggasser
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jeliyah Clark
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kyle Roell
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Vasyl Zhabotynsky
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - William Adam Gower
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Diana Yanni
- Department of Neonatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nou Gao Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Lisa Washburn
- Department of Pediatrics, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Semsa Gogcu
- Department of Pediatrics, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Carmen J Marsit
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Karl Kuban
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Boston. University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - T Michael O'Shea
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Rebecca C Fry
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Curriculum in Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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2
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Sarkisova K, van Luijtelaar G. The impact of early-life environment on absence epilepsy and neuropsychiatric comorbidities. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2022; 13:436-468. [PMID: 36386598 PMCID: PMC9649966 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2022.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This review discusses the long-term effects of early-life environment on epileptogenesis, epilepsy, and neuropsychiatric comorbidities with an emphasis on the absence epilepsy. The WAG/Rij rat strain is a well-validated genetic model of absence epilepsy with mild depression-like (dysthymia) comorbidity. Although pathologic phenotype in WAG/Rij rats is genetically determined, convincing evidence presented in this review suggests that the absence epilepsy and depression-like comorbidity in WAG/Rij rats may be governed by early-life events, such as prenatal drug exposure, early-life stress, neonatal maternal separation, neonatal handling, maternal care, environmental enrichment, neonatal sensory impairments, neonatal tactile stimulation, and maternal diet. The data, as presented here, indicate that some early environmental events can promote and accelerate the development of absence seizures and their neuropsychiatric comorbidities, while others may exert anti-epileptogenic and disease-modifying effects. The early environment can lead to phenotypic alterations in offspring due to epigenetic modifications of gene expression, which may have maladaptive consequences or represent a therapeutic value. Targeting DNA methylation with a maternal methyl-enriched diet during the perinatal period appears to be a new preventive epigenetic anti-absence therapy. A number of caveats related to the maternal methyl-enriched diet and prospects for future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Sarkisova
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Butlerova str. 5a, Moscow 117485, Russia
| | - Gilles van Luijtelaar
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Donders Center for Cognition, Radboud University, Nijmegen, PO Box 9104, 6500 HE Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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3
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Castro PA, Pinto-Borguero I, Yévenes GE, Moraga-Cid G, Fuentealba J. Antiseizure medication in early nervous system development. Ion channels and synaptic proteins as principal targets. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:948412. [PMID: 36313347 PMCID: PMC9614143 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.948412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The main strategy for the treatment of epilepsy is the use of pharmacological agents known as antiseizure medication (ASM). These drugs control the seizure onset and improves the life expectancy and quality of life of patients. Several ASMs are contraindicated during pregnancy, due to a potential teratogen risk. For this reason, the pharmacological treatments of the pregnant Women with Epilepsy (WWE) need comprehensive analyses to reduce fetal risk during the first trimester of pregnancy. The mechanisms by which ASM are teratogens are still under study and scientists in the field, propose different hypotheses. One of them, which will be addressed in this review, corresponds to the potential alteration of ASM on ion channels and proteins involved in relevant signaling and cellular responses (i.e., migration, differentiation) during embryonic development. The actual information related to the action of ASM and its possible targets it is poorly understood. In this review, we will focus on describing the eventual presence of some ion channels and synaptic proteins of the neurotransmitter signaling pathways present during early neural development, which could potentially interacting as targets of ASM. This information leads to elucidate whether these drugs would have the ability to affect critical signaling during periods of neural development that in turn could explain the fetal malformations observed by the use of ASM during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricio A. Castro
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology for Neural Development, LAND, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- *Correspondence: Patricio A. Castro,
| | - Ingrid Pinto-Borguero
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology for Neural Development, LAND, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Gonzalo E. Yévenes
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Gustavo Moraga-Cid
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Jorge Fuentealba
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
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4
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Hong L, Li N, Gasque V, Mehta S, Ye L, Wu Y, Li J, Gewies A, Ruland J, Hirschi KK, Eichmann A, Hendry C, van Dijk D, Mani A. Prdm6 controls heart development by regulating neural crest cell differentiation and migration. JCI Insight 2022; 7:156046. [PMID: 35108221 PMCID: PMC8876496 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.156046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms that drive the acquisition of distinct neural crest cell (NCC) fates is still poorly understood. Here, we identified Prdm6 as an epigenetic modifier that temporally and spatially regulates the expression of NCC specifiers and determines the fate of a subset of migrating cardiac NCCs (CNCCs). Using transcriptomic analysis and genetic and fate mapping approaches in transgenic mice, we showed that disruption of Prdm6 was associated with impaired CNCC differentiation, delamination, and migration and led to patent ductus arteriosus (DA) and ventricular noncompaction. Bulk and single-cell RNA-Seq analyses of the DA and CNCCs identified Prdm6 as a regulator of a network of CNCC specification genes, including Wnt1, Tfap2b, and Sox9. Loss of Prdm6 in CNCCs diminished its expression in the pre-epithelial–mesenchymal transition (pre-EMT) cluster, resulting in the retention of NCCs in the dorsal neural tube. This defect was associated with diminished H4K20 monomethylation and G1-S progression and augmented Wnt1 transcript levels in pre-EMT and neural tube clusters, which we showed was the major driver of the impaired CNCC migration. Altogether, these findings revealed Prdm6 as a key regulator of CNCC differentiation and migration and identified Prdm6 and its regulated network as potential targets for the treatment of congenital heart diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingjuan Hong
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States of America
| | - Na Li
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States of America
| | - Victor Gasque
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States of America
| | - Sameet Mehta
- Yale Center for Genome Analysis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States of America
| | - Lupeng Ye
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States of America
| | - Yinyu Wu
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States of America
| | - Jinyu Li
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States of America
| | | | | | - Karen K Hirschi
- University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, United States of America
| | - Anne Eichmann
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States of America
| | - Caroline Hendry
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States of America
| | - David van Dijk
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States of America
| | - Arya Mani
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States of America
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5
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You YA, Kwon EJ, Hwang HS, Choi SJ, Choi SK, Kim YJ. Elevated methylation of the vault RNA2-1 promoter in maternal blood is associated with preterm birth. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:528. [PMID: 34246240 PMCID: PMC8272312 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07865-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Preterm birth, defined as parturition before 37 completed weeks of gestation, is associated with an increased risk of neonatal complications and death, as well as poor health and disease later in life. Epigenetics could contribute to the mechanism underlying preterm birth. Results Genome-wide DNA methylation analysis of whole blood cells from 10 women (5 term and 5 preterm deliveries) was performed using an Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChips array. We identified 1,581 differentially methylated CpG sites in promoter regions between term and preterm birth. Although the differences were not significant after correcting for multiple tests, seven CpGs on the genomically imprinted vault RNA2-1 (VTRNA2-1; also known as non-coding RNA, nc886 or miR-886) showed the largest differences (range: 26–39 %). Pyrosequencing verification was performed with blood samples from pregnant women recruited additionally (39 term and 43 preterm deliveries). In total, 28 (34.1 %) samples showed hypomethylation of the VTRNA2-1 promoter (< 13 % methylation), while 54 (65.9 %) samples showed elevated methylation levels between 30 and 60 %. Elevated methylation of VTRNA2-1 promoter was associated with an increased risk of preterm birth after adjusting for maternal age, season of delivery, parity and white blood cell count. The mRNA expression of VTRNA2-1 was 0.51-fold lower in women with preterm deliveries (n = 20) compared with women with term deliveries (n = 20). Conclusions VTRNA2-1 is a noncoding transcript to environmentally responsive epialleles. Our results suggest that elevated methylation of the VTRNA2-1 promoter may result in increased risk of PTB caused by the pro-inflammatory cytokines. Further studies are needed to confirm the association of VTRNA2-1 methylation with preterm birth in a large population, and to elucidate the underlying mechanism. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-021-07865-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Ah You
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ewha Medical Research Institute, Ewha Womans University Medical School, 07985, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Jin Kwon
- Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, 03760, Seoul, Korea
| | - Han-Sung Hwang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, 143-729, Seoul, Korea
| | - Suk-Joo Choi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 135-710, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sae Kyung Choi
- College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 505 Banpo-dong, Seocho-gu, 137-040, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Ju Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ewha Medical Research Institute, Ewha Womans University Medical School, 07985, Seoul, Korea. .,Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, 03760, Seoul, Korea. .,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ewha Womans University Mok Dong Hospital, 158-051, Seoul, South Korea.
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6
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Olstad EW, Nordeng HME, Gervin K. Prenatal medication exposure and epigenetic outcomes: a systematic literature review and recommendations for prenatal pharmacoepigenetic studies. Epigenetics 2021; 17:357-380. [PMID: 33926354 PMCID: PMC8993058 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2021.1903376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
When used during pregnancy, analgesics and psychotropics pass the placenta to enter the foetal circulation and may induce epigenetic modifications. Where such modifications occur and whether they disrupt normal foetal developme nt, are currently unanswered questions. This field of prenatal pharmacoepigenetics has received increasing attention, with several studies reporting associations between in utero medication exposure and offspring epigenetic outcomes. Nevertheless, no recent systematic review of the literature is available. Therefore, the objectives of this review were to (i) provide an overview of the literature on the association of prenatal exposure to psychotropics a nd analgesics with epigenetic outcomes, and (ii) suggest recommendations for future studies within prenatal pharmacoepigenetics. We performed systematic literature searches in five databases. The eligible studies assessed human prenatal exposure to psychotropics or analgesics, with epigenetic analyses of offspring tissue as an outcome. We identified 18 eligible studies including 4,419 neonates exposed to either antidepressants, antiepileptic drugs, paracetamol, acetylsalicylic acid, or methadone. The epigenetic outcome in all studies was DNA methylation in cord blood, placental tissue or buccal cells. Although most studies found significant differences in DNA methylation upon medication exposure, almost no differences were persistent across studies for similar medications and sequencing methods. The reviewed studies were challenging to compare due to poor transparency in reporting, and heterogeneous methodology, design, genome coverage, and statistical modelling. We propose 10 recommendations for future prenatal pharmacoepigenetic studies considering both epidemiological and epigenetic perspectives. These recommendations may improve the quality, comparability, and clinical relevance of such studies. PROSPERO registration ID: CRD42020166675.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Willoch Olstad
- Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,PharmaTox Strategic Research Initiative, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hedvig Marie Egeland Nordeng
- Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,PharmaTox Strategic Research Initiative, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Child Health and Development, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristina Gervin
- Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,PharmaTox Strategic Research Initiative, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Research, Innovation and Education, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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7
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Reynolds EH. Antiepileptic drugs, folate and one carbon metabolism revisited. Epilepsy Behav 2020; 112:107336. [PMID: 32871500 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2020.107336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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8
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Reynolds EH, Green R. Valproate and folate: Congenital and developmental risks. Epilepsy Behav 2020; 108:107068. [PMID: 32375098 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2020.107068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Increasing awareness of the congenital and developmental risks associated with the use of sodium valproate (VPA) has led to recent European guidelines designed to avoid the use of this drug in pregnancy if effective alternative treatments are available. In the general population, it is well established that periconceptual folic acid reduces the risk of neural tube defects (NTDs) and possibly other congenital abnormalities. We here review the evidence 1) that VPA interferes with one-carbon metabolism, including the transport of methylfolate into the brain and the placenta by targeting folate receptors; 2) that VPA effects on the folate metabolic system contribute to congenital and developmental problems associated with VPA exposure; and 3) that genetic factors, notably polymorphisms related to one-carbon metabolism, contribute to the vulnerability to these VPA-induced risks. Based on these facts, we propose that the standard periconceptual use of 400 μg of folic acid may not adequately protect against VPA or other antiepileptic drug (AED)-induced congenital or developmental risks. Pending definitive studies to determine appropriate dose, we recommend up to 5 mg of folic acid periconceptually in at-risk women with the caveat that the addition of supplementary vitamin B12 may also be prudent because vitamin B12 deficiency is common in pregnancy in some countries and is an additional risk factor for developmental abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ralph Green
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Davis, USA
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9
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González-Maciel A, Romero-Velázquez RM, Alfaro-Rodríguez A, Sanchez Aparicio P, Reynoso-Robles R. Prenatal exposure to oxcarbazepine increases hippocampal apoptosis in rat offspring. J Chem Neuroanat 2019; 103:101729. [PMID: 31794794 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2019.101729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed apoptosis in the offspring of rats exposed to oxcarbazepine (OXC) from day 7 to 15 of gestation. Three groups of pregnant Wistar rats were used: 1) Control, treated with saline solution; 2) treated with 100 mg/kg OXC; 3) treated with 100 mg/kg of carbamazepine (CBZ, as a positive control for apoptosis); the route of administration was intragastric. Apoptosis was detected at three postnatal ages using the TUNEL technique in the CA1, and CA3 regions of the hippocampus and in the dentate gyrus (DG); neurogenesis was assessed in the DG using an antibody against doublecortin. The litter characteristics were recorded. OXC increased apoptosis in all regions (p < 0.01) at the three ages evaluated. Lamination disruption occurred in CA1 and CA3 due to the neuron absence and to ectopic neurons; there were also malformations in the dorsal lamina of the DG in 38% and 25% of the pups born from rats treated with OXC and CBZ respectively. CBZ also increased apoptosis. No clear effect on neurogenesis in the DG was observed. The size of the litter was smaller (p < 0.01) in the experimental groups. Nineteen-day OXC fetuses had low weight (p < 0.01), but 21 and 30 postnatal days old CBZ and OXC pups were overweight (p < 0.01). The results demonstrate that OXC administered during gestation is pro-apoptotic, alters the cytoarchitecture of the hippocampus, reduces litter size, and probably influences postnatal weight. We provide evidence of the proapoptotic effect of CBZ when administered early in gestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A González-Maciel
- Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Morphology, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Insurgentes Sur No. 3700-C, Mexico City, C. P. 04530, Mexico.
| | - R M Romero-Velázquez
- Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Morphology, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Insurgentes Sur No. 3700-C, Mexico City, C. P. 04530, Mexico.
| | - A Alfaro-Rodríguez
- Division of Neurosciences, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación, "Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra", Secretaría de Salud, Col. Arenal de Guadalupe, Mexico City, C.P. 14389, Mexico.
| | - P Sanchez Aparicio
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Mexico
| | - R Reynoso-Robles
- Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Morphology, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Insurgentes Sur No. 3700-C, Mexico City, C. P. 04530, Mexico.
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10
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Robinson BA, Hendrix CL, Sloan Krakovsky H, Smith AK, Brennan PA. Maternal Trauma Exposure and Childhood Anxiety Outcomes: Examining Psychosocial Mechanisms of Risk. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2019; 47:645-657. [PMID: 30112594 PMCID: PMC9484555 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-018-0463-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The current study aimed to explore the relationship between maternal exposure to various types of trauma and child anxiety outcomes, and to investigate maternal depression and parenting quality as potential mediators of these relationships. Aims were examined within a sample of 185 mother-child dyads who participated in a longitudinal study assessing maternal trauma history, maternal depression, and parenting quality at preschool age (ages 2.5 to 5.5 years), and for whom maternal and secondary caregiver reports of child anxiety were obtained at school age (ages 6 to 11 years). Hypotheses were that (1) maternal exposure to trauma would be positively associated with anxiety levels in offspring and that (2) parenting quality and maternal depression would mediate the relationship between maternal exposure to trauma and child anxiety. Results suggest a direct association between maternal trauma history and child anxiety, as well as indirect associations through parenting quality and maternal depression. These findings are discussed with regard to their implications for the prevention of child anxiety, as well as their implications for the advancement of the literature on intergenerational effects of trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cassandra L Hendrix
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, 36 Eagle Row, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - H Sloan Krakovsky
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, 36 Eagle Row, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Alicia K Smith
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, 101 Woodruff Circle, Suite 4000, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Patricia A Brennan
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, 36 Eagle Row, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
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11
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Navarrete-Modesto V, Orozco-Suárez S, Feria-Romero IA, Rocha L. The molecular hallmarks of epigenetic effects mediated by antiepileptic drugs. Epilepsy Res 2019; 149:53-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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12
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Palma-Gudiel H, Cirera F, Crispi F, Eixarch E, Fañanás L. The impact of prenatal insults on the human placental epigenome: A systematic review. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2018; 66:80-93. [PMID: 29307795 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The placenta is the first human organ to reach full development during pregnancy. It serves as a barrier but also as an interchange surface. Epigenetic changes observed in placental tissue may reflect intrauterine insults while also pointing to physiological pathways altered under exposure to such environmental threats. By means of a systematic search of the literature, 39 papers assessing human placental epigenetic signatures in association with either (i) psychosocial stress, (ii) maternal psychopathology, (iii) maternal smoking during pregnancy, and (iv) exposure to environmental pollutants, were identified. Their findings revealed placental tissue as a unique source of epigenetic variability that does not correlate with epigenetic patterns observed in maternal or newborn blood, tissues which are typically analyzed regarding prenatal stress. Studies regarding prenatal stress and psychopathology during pregnancy were scarce and exploratory in nature revealing inconsistent findings. Of note, there was a marked tendency towards placental hypomethylation in studies assessing either tobacco use during pregnancy or exposure to environmental pollutants suggesting the interaction between contaminant-derived metabolites and epigenetic machinery. This review highlights the need for further prospective longitudinal studies assessing long-term health effects of placental epigenetic signatures derived from exposure to several prenatal stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Palma-Gudiel
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain
| | - Flors Cirera
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain
| | - Fátima Crispi
- Fetal i+D Fetal Medicine Research Center, BCNatal - Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Deu), Barcelona, Spain; Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBER-ER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Elisenda Eixarch
- Fetal i+D Fetal Medicine Research Center, BCNatal - Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Deu), Barcelona, Spain; Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBER-ER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Lourdes Fañanás
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain.
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13
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McLaughlin P, Mactier H, Gillis C, Hickish T, Parker A, Liang WJ, Osselton MD. Increased DNA Methylation of ABCB1, CYP2D6, and OPRM1 Genes in Newborn Infants of Methadone-Maintained Opioid-Dependent Mothers. J Pediatr 2017; 190:180-184.e1. [PMID: 28867064 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2017.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether in utero opioid exposure, which has been linked to adverse neurodevelopmental and social outcomes, is associated with altered DNA methylation of opioid-related genes at birth. STUDY DESIGN Observational cohort study of 21 healthy methadone-maintained opioid-dependent mother-infant dyads consecutively delivered at >36 weeks of gestation, and 2 comparator groups: smoking, "deprived" opioid-naïve mother-infant dyads (n = 17) and nonsmoking, "affluent" opioid-naïve mother-infant dyads (n = 15). DNA methylation of ABCB1, CYP2D6, and OPRM1 genes for mothers and babies was determined from buccal swabs. Plasma methadone concentrations were additionally measured for methadone-maintained opioid-dependent mothers. RESULTS DNA methylation for ABCB1 and CYP2D6 was similar in opioid-naïve infants compared with their mothers, but was less for OPRM1 (3 ± 1.6% vs 8 ± 1%, P < .0005). Opioid-exposed newborns had similar DNA methylation to their mothers for all genes studied and greater methylation of ABCB1 (18 ± 4.8% vs 3 ± 0.5%), CYP2D6 (92 ± 1.2% vs 89 ± 2.4%), and OPRM1 (8 ± 0.3% vs 3 ± 1.6%) compared with opioid-naïve newborns (P < .0005 for all 3 genes). Infant DNA methylation was not related to birth weight, length of hospital stay, maternal smoking, dose or plasma concentration of methadone at delivery, or postcode of residence. CONCLUSIONS In utero exposure to opioids is associated with increased methylation of opioid-related genes in the newborn infant. It is not clear whether these findings are due to opioid exposure per se or other associated lifestyle factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poppy McLaughlin
- Department of Archaeology, Anthropology, and Forensic Science, Bournemouth University, Poole, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Mactier
- Neonatal Unit, Princess Royal Maternity, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
| | - Cheryl Gillis
- Neonatal Unit, Princess Royal Maternity, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Tamas Hickish
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Bournemouth, United Kingdom
| | - Anton Parker
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Bournemouth, United Kingdom
| | - Wei-Jun Liang
- Department of Archaeology, Anthropology, and Forensic Science, Bournemouth University, Poole, United Kingdom
| | - M David Osselton
- Department of Archaeology, Anthropology, and Forensic Science, Bournemouth University, Poole, United Kingdom
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14
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Fujimura K, Mitsuhashi T, Takahashi T. Adverse effects of prenatal and early postnatal exposure to antiepileptic drugs: Validation from clinical and basic researches. Brain Dev 2017; 39:635-643. [PMID: 28450094 DOI: 10.1016/j.braindev.2017.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Revised: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Epilepsy requires the long-term administration of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), and thus, we must consider the effects of prenatal AED exposure on fetus when treating female patients of child bearing age. Large prospective clinical researches in humans have demonstrated the following: (1) prenatal exposure to valproic acid (VPA), carbamazepine, and phenobarbital increases the risk of congenital malformations in a dose-dependent manner and (2) prenatal exposure to VPA increases the risk of higher brain function impairments including intellectual disabilities and autistic spectrum disorders in the offspring. Furthermore, basic researches in animals have shown that prenatal exposure to specific AEDs causes microscopic structural abnormalities in the fetal brain. Specifically, prenatal exposure to VPA has been reported to inhibit the differentiation of neural progenitor cells during the early to middle phases of neuronogenesis, leading to increased number of projection neurons in the superficial layers of postnatal neocortices in mice. It is indispensable to prescribe AEDs that are associated with lower risk of congenital malformations and impairment of higher brain functions as well as to administer them at requisite minimum doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimino Fujimura
- Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Takayuki Mitsuhashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Takao Takahashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
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15
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Knight AK, Craig JM, Theda C, Bækvad-Hansen M, Bybjerg-Grauholm J, Hansen CS, Hollegaard MV, Hougaard DM, Mortensen PB, Weinsheimer SM, Werge TM, Brennan PA, Cubells JF, Newport DJ, Stowe ZN, Cheong JLY, Dalach P, Doyle LW, Loke YJ, Baccarelli AA, Just AC, Wright RO, Téllez-Rojo MM, Svensson K, Trevisi L, Kennedy EM, Binder EB, Iurato S, Czamara D, Räikkönen K, Lahti JMT, Pesonen AK, Kajantie E, Villa PM, Laivuori H, Hämäläinen E, Park HJ, Bailey LB, Parets SE, Kilaru V, Menon R, Horvath S, Bush NR, LeWinn KZ, Tylavsky FA, Conneely KN, Smith AK. An epigenetic clock for gestational age at birth based on blood methylation data. Genome Biol 2016; 17:206. [PMID: 27717399 PMCID: PMC5054584 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-016-1068-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gestational age is often used as a proxy for developmental maturity by clinicians and researchers alike. DNA methylation has previously been shown to be associated with age and has been used to accurately estimate chronological age in children and adults. In the current study, we examine whether DNA methylation in cord blood can be used to estimate gestational age at birth. Results We find that gestational age can be accurately estimated from DNA methylation of neonatal cord blood and blood spot samples. We calculate a DNA methylation gestational age using 148 CpG sites selected through elastic net regression in six training datasets. We evaluate predictive accuracy in nine testing datasets and find that the accuracy of the DNA methylation gestational age is consistent with that of gestational age estimates based on established methods, such as ultrasound. We also find that an increased DNA methylation gestational age relative to clinical gestational age is associated with birthweight independent of gestational age, sex, and ancestry. Conclusions DNA methylation can be used to accurately estimate gestational age at or near birth and may provide additional information relevant to developmental stage. Further studies of this predictor are warranted to determine its utility in clinical settings and for research purposes. When clinical estimates are available this measure may increase accuracy in the testing of hypotheses related to developmental age and other early life circumstances. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13059-016-1068-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna K Knight
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Program, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Craig
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute and Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
| | - Christiane Theda
- The Royal Women's Hospital, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute and University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
| | - Marie Bækvad-Hansen
- Section of Neonatal Genetics, Danish Centre for Neonatal Screening, Department for Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, DK-2300, Copenhagen S, Denmark
| | - Jonas Bybjerg-Grauholm
- Section of Neonatal Genetics, Danish Centre for Neonatal Screening, Department for Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, DK-2300, Copenhagen S, Denmark
| | - Christine S Hansen
- Section of Neonatal Genetics, Danish Centre for Neonatal Screening, Department for Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, DK-2300, Copenhagen S, Denmark
| | - Mads V Hollegaard
- Section of Neonatal Genetics, Danish Centre for Neonatal Screening, Department for Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, DK-2300, Copenhagen S, Denmark.,The Danish Neonatal Screening Biobank, Department for Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, DK-2300, Copenhagen S, Denmark
| | - David M Hougaard
- Section of Neonatal Genetics, Danish Centre for Neonatal Screening, Department for Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, DK-2300, Copenhagen S, Denmark.,The Danish Neonatal Screening Biobank, Department for Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, DK-2300, Copenhagen S, Denmark
| | - Preben B Mortensen
- National Centre for Register-based Research, School of Business and Social Sciences, Aarhus University, Fuglesangs Allé 4, 8210, Aarhus V, Denmark
| | - Shantel M Weinsheimer
- Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Sct. Hans Mental Health Center, Copenhagen Mental Health Services, iPSYCH - The Lundbeck Foundation's Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Boserupvej, DK-4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Thomas M Werge
- Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Sct. Hans Mental Health Center, Copenhagen Mental Health Services, iPSYCH - The Lundbeck Foundation's Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Boserupvej, DK-4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | | | - Joseph F Cubells
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Program, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - D Jeffrey Newport
- Departments of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences and Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Zachary N Stowe
- Departments of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Pediatrics, and Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Jeanie L Y Cheong
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute and Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia.,The Royal Women's Hospital, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute and University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
| | - Philippa Dalach
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute and Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
| | - Lex W Doyle
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute and Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia.,The Royal Women's Hospital, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute and University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
| | - Yuk J Loke
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute and Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
| | - Andrea A Baccarelli
- Laboratory of Environmental Precision Biosciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Allan C Just
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert O Wright
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mara M Téllez-Rojo
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Katherine Svensson
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Letizia Trevisi
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Elisabeth B Binder
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max-Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Stella Iurato
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max-Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Darina Czamara
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max-Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Katri Räikkönen
- Institute of Behavioral Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jari M T Lahti
- Institute of Behavioral Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.,Helsinki Collegium for Advanced Studies, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Folkhälsan Research Centre, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anu-Katriina Pesonen
- Institute of Behavioral Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eero Kajantie
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, 00271, Helsinki, Finland.,University of Helsinki, 00029, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MRC Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Pia M Villa
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hannele Laivuori
- Medical and Clinical Genetics, and Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.,Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Esa Hämäläinen
- HUSLAB and Department of Clinical Chemistry, Helsinki University Central Hospital, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hea Jin Park
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, US
| | - Lynn B Bailey
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, US
| | - Sasha E Parets
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Varun Kilaru
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, US
| | - Ramkumar Menon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, US
| | - Steve Horvath
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, US.,Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, US
| | - Nicole R Bush
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, US.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, US
| | - Kaja Z LeWinn
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, US
| | - Frances A Tylavsky
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, US
| | - Karen N Conneely
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Program, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Alicia K Smith
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Program, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA. .,Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA. .,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, US.
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16
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Gerard EE, Meador KJ. An Update on Maternal Use of Antiepileptic Medications in Pregnancy and Neurodevelopment Outcomes. J Pediatr Genet 2016; 4:94-110. [PMID: 27617120 DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1556741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are prescribed commonly to women of childbearing age. In utero exposure to some AEDs can have significant cognitive and behavioral consequences for the unborn child. Recently, prospective studies of women taking AEDs during pregnancy have added significantly to our understanding of cognitive and behavioral teratogenic risks posed by fetal AED exposure. Valproate is clearly associated with impaired cognitive development as well as an increased risk of disorders such as autism and autism spectrum disorder. Exposure to carbamazepine, lamotrigine, levetiracetam, or phenytoin monotherapy is associated with more favorable cognitive and behavioral outcomes than valproate, but more data are required to clarify if these AEDs have more subtle effects on cognition and behavior. There are insufficient data on the developmental effects of other AEDs in humans. Further, the underlying mechanisms of cognitive teratogenesis are poorly understood, including the genetic factors that affect susceptibility to AEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth E Gerard
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Kimford J Meador
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States
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17
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Viuff ACF, Pedersen LH, Kyng K, Staunstrup NH, Børglum A, Henriksen TB. Antidepressant medication during pregnancy and epigenetic changes in umbilical cord blood: a systematic review. Clin Epigenetics 2016; 8:94. [PMID: 27610205 PMCID: PMC5015265 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-016-0262-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Epigenetic mechanisms are important for the regulation of gene expression and differentiation in the fetus and the newborn child. Symptoms of maternal depression and antidepressant use affects up to 20 % of pregnant women, and may lead to epigenetic changes with life-long impact on child health. The aim of this review is to investigate whether there is an association between exposure to maternal antidepressants during pregnancy and epigenetic changes in the newborn. MATERIAL AND METHODS Systematic literature searches were performed in MEDLINE and EMBASE combining MeSH terms covering epigenetic changes, use of antidepressant medication, pregnancy and newborns. A keyword search was also performed. We included studies on pregnant women and their children where there was a history of maternal depressed mood or anxiety, a reported use of antidepressant medication, and measurements of epigenetic changes in umbilical cord blood. Studies using genome-wide or candidate-based epigenetic analyses were included. Citations and references from the included articles were investigated to locate further relevant articles. The completeness of reporting as well as the risk of bias and confounding was assessed. RESULTS Six studies were included. They all investigated methylation changes. Genome-wide methylation changes were examined in 184 children and methylation status in specific genes was examined in 96 children exposed to antidepressant medication. Three of the studies found an association between use of antidepressant medication during pregnancy and methylation status at various CpG sites measured in cord blood of the newborn. One of these studies found an association in African-Americans, but not Caucasians. The remaining three studies found associations between maternal mood and epigenetic changes in umbilical cord blood but no association between epigenetic changes and maternal use of antidepressant medication. CONCLUSION The included studies have not established a clear association between use of antidepressant medication during pregnancy and epigenetic changes in the cord blood. Future studies using newer, more wide-ranging epigenetic methods could discover possible new differentially methylated sites. Larger sample sizes and good validity of exposures are warranted in order to adjust for level of maternal depression, other maternal illness, maternal use of other types of medication, and maternal ethnicity. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42015026575.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Cathrine F. Viuff
- Perinatal Epidemiology Research Unit, Pediatric Department, Aarhus University Hospital Skejby, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lars Henning Pedersen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aarhus University Hospital Skejby, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kasper Kyng
- Perinatal Epidemiology Research Unit, Pediatric Department, Aarhus University Hospital Skejby, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Nicklas Heine Staunstrup
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Risskov, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine and Centre for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, University of Aarhus, Aarhus C, 8000 Denmark
- Translational Neuropsychiatric Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Risskov, 8240 Denmark
| | - Anders Børglum
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Risskov, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine and Centre for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, University of Aarhus, Aarhus C, 8000 Denmark
| | - Tine Brink Henriksen
- Perinatal Epidemiology Research Unit, Pediatric Department, Aarhus University Hospital Skejby, Aarhus, Denmark
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18
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Marsit CJ, Brummel SS, Kacanek D, Seage GR, Spector SA, Armstrong DA, Lester BM, Rich K. Infant peripheral blood repetitive element hypomethylation associated with antiretroviral therapy in utero. Epigenetics 2016; 10:708-16. [PMID: 26067216 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2015.1060389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) to prevent HIV mother-to-child transmission during pregnancy and delivery is generally considered safe. However, vigilant assessment of potential risks of these agents remains warranted. Epigenetic changes including DNA methylation are considered potential mechanisms linking the in utero environment with long-term health outcomes. Few studies have examined the epigenetic effects of prenatal exposure to pharmaceutical agents, including antiretroviral therapies, on children. In this study, we examined the methylation status of the LINE-1 and ALU-Yb8 repetitive elements as markers of global DNA methylation alteration in peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from newborns participating in the Pediatric HIV/AIDS Cohort Study SMARTT cohort of HIV-exposed, cART-exposed uninfected infants compared to a historical cohort of HIV-exposed, antiretroviral-unexposed infants from the Women and Infants Transmission Study Cohort. In linear regression models controlling for potential confounders, we found the adjusted mean difference of AluYb8 methylation of the cART-exposed compared to the -unexposed was -0.568 (95% CI: -1.023, -0.149) and for LINE-1 methylation was -1.359 (95% CI: -1.860, -0.857). Among those exposed to cART, subjects treated with atazanavir (ATV), compared to those on other treatments, had less AluYb8 methylation (-0.524, 95% CI: -0.025, -1.024). Overall, these results suggest a small but statistically significant reduction in the methylation of these repetitive elements in an HIV-exposed, cART-exposed cohort compared to an HIV-exposed, cART-unexposed historic cohort. The potential long-term implications of these differences are worthy of further examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen J Marsit
- a Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology and of Epidemiology; Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth ; Hanover , NH USA
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19
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Hohos NM, Lee K, Ji L, Yu M, Kandasamy MM, Phillips BG, Baile CA, He C, Schmitz RJ, Meagher RB. DNA cytosine hydroxymethylation levels are distinct among non-overlapping classes of peripheral blood leukocytes. J Immunol Methods 2016; 436:1-15. [PMID: 27164004 PMCID: PMC5131182 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2016.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peripheral blood leukocytes are the most commonly used surrogates to study epigenome-induced risk and epigenomic response to disease-related stress. We considered the hypothesis that the various classes of peripheral leukocytes differentially regulate the synthesis of 5-methylcytosine (5mCG) and its removal via Ten-Eleven Translocation (TET) dioxygenase catalyzed hydroxymethylation to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmCG), reflecting their responsiveness to environment. Although it is known that reductions in TET1 and/or TET2 activity lead to the over-proliferation of various leukocyte precursors in bone marrow and in development of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia and myeloproliferative neoplasms, the role of 5mCG hydroxymethylation in peripheral blood is less well studied. RESULTS We developed simplified protocols to rapidly and reiteratively isolate non-overlapping leukocyte populations from a single small sample of fresh or frozen whole blood. Among peripheral leukocyte types we found extreme variation in the levels of transcripts encoding proteins involved in cytosine methylation (DNMT1, 3A, 3B), the turnover of 5mC by demethylation (TET1, 2, 3), and DNA repair (GADD45A, B, G) and in the global and gene-region-specific levels of DNA 5hmCG (CD4+ T cells≫CD14+ monocytes>CD16+ neutrophils>CD19+ B cells>CD56+ NK cells>Siglec8+ eosinophils>CD8+ T cells). CONCLUSIONS Our data taken together suggest a potential hierarchy of responsiveness among classes of leukocytes with CD4+, CD8+ T cells and CD14+ monocytes being the most distinctly poised for a rapid methylome response to physiological stress and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie M Hohos
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
| | - Kevin Lee
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
| | - Lexiang Ji
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
| | - Miao Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | | | - Bradley G Phillips
- Clinical and Administrative Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
| | - Clifton A Baile
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Chuan He
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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20
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Knight AK, Smith AK. Epigenetic Biomarkers of Preterm Birth and Its Risk Factors. Genes (Basel) 2016; 7:E15. [PMID: 27089367 PMCID: PMC4846845 DOI: 10.3390/genes7040015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
A biomarker is a biological measure predictive of a normal or pathogenic process or response. Biomarkers are often useful for making clinical decisions and determining treatment course. One area where such biomarkers would be particularly useful is in identifying women at risk for preterm delivery and related pregnancy complications. Neonates born preterm have significant morbidity and mortality, both in the perinatal period and throughout the life course, and identifying women at risk of delivering preterm may allow for targeted interventions to prevent or delay preterm birth (PTB). In addition to identifying those at increased risk for preterm birth, biomarkers may be able to distinguish neonates at particular risk for future complications due to modifiable environmental factors, such as maternal smoking or alcohol use during pregnancy. Currently, there are no such biomarkers available, though candidate gene and epigenome-wide association studies have identified DNA methylation differences associated with PTB, its risk factors and its long-term outcomes. Further biomarker development is crucial to reducing the health burden associated with adverse intrauterine conditions and preterm birth, and the results of recent DNA methylation studies may advance that goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna K Knight
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Program, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Alicia K Smith
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Program, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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21
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Mainigi MA, Sapienza C, Butts S, Coutifaris C. A Molecular Perspective on Procedures and Outcomes with Assisted Reproductive Technologies. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2016; 6:a023416. [PMID: 26747835 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a023416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The emerging association of assisted reproductive technologies with adverse perinatal outcomes has prompted the in-depth examination of clinical and laboratory protocols and procedures and their possible effects on epigenetic regulatory mechanism(s). The application of various approaches to study epigenetic regulation to problems in reproductive medicine has the potential to identify relative risk indicators for particular conditions, diagnostic biomarkers of disease state, and prognostic indicators of outcome. Moreover, when applied genome-wide, these techniques are likely to find novel pathways of disease pathogenesis and identify new targets for intervention. The analysis of DNA methylation, histone modifications, transcription factors, enhancer binding and other chromatin proteins, DNase-hypersensitivity and, micro- and other noncoding RNAs all provide overlapping and often complementary snapshots of chromatin structure and resultant "gene activity." In terms of clinical application, the predictive power and utility of epigenetic information will depend on the power of individual techniques to discriminate normal levels of interindividual variation from variation linked to a disease state. At present, quantitative analysis of DNA methylation at multiple loci seems likely to hold the greatest promise for achieving the level of precision, reproducibility, and throughput demanded in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica A Mainigi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and the Center for Research on Reproduction and Women's Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Carmen Sapienza
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140
| | - Samantha Butts
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and the Center for Research on Reproduction and Women's Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Christos Coutifaris
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and the Center for Research on Reproduction and Women's Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
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Manuck TA. The genomics of prematurity in an era of more precise clinical phenotyping: A review. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med 2016; 21:89-93. [PMID: 26851828 PMCID: PMC4798871 DOI: 10.1016/j.siny.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Spontaneous preterm birth is a major public health problem, with a clear genetic component. Genetic association studies have evolved substantially in recent years, moving away from the traditional candidate gene analyses to newer approaches utilizing sophisticated analysis platforms to examine sequencing data, and shifting towards functional studies including methylation analysis. It is becoming increasingly evident that careful clinical phenotyping is crucial to high quality genetic association studies regardless of the assay or platform being used. Nonetheless, genetic studies of prematurity are hampered by numerous challenges including small sample sizes, incomplete phenotying, population stratification, and multiple comparisons. As the costs of sequencing and functional analyses continue to decrease, unbiased genome-wide assays will be more widely available. Researchers have met improved success recently when critically applying clinical phenotyping knowledge to group women prior to analyzing genotyping results. Eventually, as the analytic approaches evolve, it is likely that this methodology (combining precisely clinically phenotyped subjects with genome-wide data) will provide key information regarding the pathophysiology of prematurity, and provide potential new avenues for exploring innovative therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy A. Manuck
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal–Fetal Medicine, University of North Carolina – Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal–Fetal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA,Address: UNC Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, 3010 Old Clinic Building, CB#7516, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7516, USA. Tel.: +1 919-966-1601; fax: +1 919-966-6377.
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Johnson KC, Smith AK, Stowe ZN, Newport DJ, Brennan PA. Preschool outcomes following prenatal serotonin reuptake inhibitor exposure: differences in language and behavior, but not cognitive function. J Clin Psychiatry 2016; 77:e176-82. [PMID: 26930533 PMCID: PMC5512164 DOI: 10.4088/jcp.14m09348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that prenatal exposure to serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs) is associated with language and behavioral outcomes in preschool-aged children, while accounting for confounds such as concomitant exposures and maternal mental illness. METHOD An observational, prospective, longitudinal study of mental illness in pregnancy was conducted at a university-based women's mental health clinic (April 2010-November 2012). A sample of 178 mother-child dyads participated in a laboratory visit at preschool age (2.5-5.5 years). The majority of women (87%) received psychotropic medication during pregnancy. Psychiatric status (based on DSM-IV), other medication use, and substance use were serially assessed and tested as confounds. Primary outcome measures included standardized measures of expressive language and cognitive function and mother and alternate caregiver ratings of child behavior problems, including the Pervasive Developmental Disorders (PDD) subscale of the Child Behavior Checklist. RESULTS Linear regression analyses revealed that, after controlling for relevant covariates, expressive language scores from the Test of Early Language Development, 3rd edition, were negatively associated with prenatal SRI exposure (β = -0.15, t = -2.41), while the PDD behavioral problems subscales completed by alternate caregivers and mothers were positively associated with prenatal SRI exposure (β = 0.17, t = 2.01; β = 0.16, t = 2.00, respectively). Cognitive function, measured using the Differential Ability Scales, 2nd edition, was not associated with any medication exposures. CONCLUSIONS The current data suggest a small but significant association between prenatal SRI exposure and preschool outcomes, including expressive language and behavior problems. These data corroborate data from recent, population-based studies, although overall, published findings are mixed. Replication and identification of moderating risk factors are needed to understand potential clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina C. Johnson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Alicia K. Smith
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Zachary N. Stowe
- Departments of Psychiatry, Pediatrics, and Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR
| | - D. Jeffrey Newport
- Departments of Psychiatry & Behavioral Health and Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Miami, Miami, FL
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Abstract
To advance our knowledge of the influence of environmental exposures on human health and disease, robust studies are needed. However, for many exposures, robust studies are not feasible due to limitations with current ascertainment methods and/or study designs. Epigenetics, the study of mitotically heritable, reversible information that regulates critical cell processes, has gained much attention because it offers a potential mechanism to explain how exposures can influence cell states. Therefore, most studies have focused on epigenetics as a mechanism for disease. However, emerging evidence also suggests that epigenetic marks may also serve as biomarkers of exposure. Here, we highlight findings showing that the epigenome is labile to the environment and that these exposure-associated changes show long-term stability, are specific, are detectable in accessible tissues, can predict exposure status, and can be practically implemented, thus supporting the potential for epigenetic patterns to serve as robust measures of environmental exposure.
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25
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Januar V, Desoye G, Novakovic B, Cvitic S, Saffery R. Epigenetic regulation of human placental function and pregnancy outcome: considerations for causal inference. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2015; 213:S182-96. [PMID: 26428498 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2015.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms, often defined as regulating gene activity independently of underlying DNA sequence, are crucial for healthy development. The sum total of epigenetic marks within a cell or tissue (the epigenome) is sensitive to environmental influence, and disruption of the epigenome in utero has been associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Not surprisingly, given its multifaceted functions and important role in regulating pregnancy outcome, the placenta shows unique epigenetic features. Interestingly however, many of these are only otherwise seen in human malignancy (the pseudomalignant placental epigenome). Epigenetic variation in the placenta is now emerging as a candidate mediator of environmental influence on placental functioning and a key regulator of pregnancy outcome. However, replication of findings is generally lacking, most likely due to small sample sizes and a lack of standardization of analytical approaches. Defining DNA methylation "signatures" in the placenta associated with maternal and fetal outcomes offers tremendous potential to improve pregnancy outcomes, but care must be taken in interpretation of findings. Future placental epigenetic research would do well to address the issues present in epigenetic epidemiology more generally, including careful consideration of sample size, potentially confounding factors, issues of tissue heterogeneity, reverse causation, and the role of genetics in modulating epigenetic profile. The importance of animal or in vitro models in establishing a functional role of epigenetic variation identified in human beings, which is key to establishing causation, should not be underestimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vania Januar
- Cancer and Disease Epigenetics, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia
| | - Gernot Desoye
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Boris Novakovic
- Cancer and Disease Epigenetics, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia
| | - Silvija Cvitic
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Richard Saffery
- Cancer and Disease Epigenetics, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia; Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.
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Ni G, Qin J, Li H, Chen Z, Zhou Y, Fang Z, Chen Y, Zhou J, Huang M, Zhou L. Effects of antiepileptic drug monotherapy on one-carbon metabolism and DNA methylation in patients with epilepsy. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125656. [PMID: 25915064 PMCID: PMC4410915 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to compare the serum levels of one-carbon metabolism (OCM) nutrients (e.g., folate, homocysteine and vitamin B12) and peripheral blood DNA methylation in epileptic patients under treatment with antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) and in healthy controls. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 60 patients with epilepsy who were receiving valproate (VPA) (n = 30) or lamotrigine (LTG) (n = 30) monotherapy were enrolled. Thirty age and sex matched healthy subjects served as the controls. Serum concentrations of OCM nutrients and peripheral blood DNA methylation status were measured. RESULTS Compared to the control group, the VPA group had higher serum levels of homocysteine (p<0.05). No difference in homocysteine concentration was observed in the LTG group. Patients receiving VPA or LTG had significantly lower serum folate levels in comparison with controls (p<0.001). The level of methylation of long interspersed nucleotide element-1 (LINE-1) in peripheral blood was not significantly different between the AED monotherapy group and healthy controls. A difference in the methylation levels of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) amplicon was observed between AED-treated patients with epilepsy and controls (p<0.01). A positive correlation between serum folate levels and peripheral blood MTHFR amplicon methylation status was also observed (r = 0.25, p = 0.023). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that the effects of AED monotherapy on OCM may induce specific regions of DNA hypomethylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanzhong Ni
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jiaming Qin
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hongliang Li
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ziyi Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yafang Zhou
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ziyan Fang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yishu Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jueqian Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Min Huang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Liemin Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- * E-mail:
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Mozhui K, Smith AK, Tylavsky FA. Ancestry dependent DNA methylation and influence of maternal nutrition. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118466. [PMID: 25742137 PMCID: PMC4350920 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
There is extensive variation in DNA methylation between individuals and ethnic groups. These differences arise from a combination of genetic and non-genetic influences and potential modifiers include nutritional cues, early life experience, and social and physical environments. Here we compare genome-wide DNA methylation in neonatal cord blood from African American (AA; N = 112) and European American (EA; N = 91) participants of the CANDLE Study (Conditions Affecting Neurocognitive Development and Learning in Early Childhood). Our goal is to determine if there are replicable ancestry-specific methylation patterns that may implicate risk factors for diseases that have differential prevalence between populations. To identify the most robust ancestry-specific CpG sites, we replicate our results in lymphoblastoid cell lines from Yoruba African and CEPH European panels of HapMap. We also evaluate the influence of maternal nutrition--specifically, plasma levels of vitamin D and folate during pregnancy--on methylation in newborns. We define stable ancestry-dependent methylation of genes that include tumor suppressors and cell cycle regulators (e.g., APC, BRCA1, MCC). Overall, there is lower global methylation in African ancestral groups. Plasma levels of 25-hydroxy vitamin D are also considerably lower among AA mothers and about 60% of AA and 40% of EA mothers have concentrations below 20 ng/ml. Using a weighted correlation analysis, we define a network of CpG sites that is jointly modulated by ancestry and maternal vitamin D. Our results show that differences in DNA methylation patterns are remarkably stable and maternal micronutrients can exert an influence on the child epigenome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khyobeni Mozhui
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States of America
| | - Alicia K. Smith
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Frances A. Tylavsky
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States of America
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28
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Abstract
Methylation data are continuous variables with most values in a sample lying in a narrow range. In a research project they can either be the outcome, or a variable potentially explaining some of the variation in other outcomes. A range of statistical methods are appropriate depending on the experimental questions. Before the formal analysis is carried out, it is important that data are checked and cleaned. Where batch effects may be present, this should be accounted for in the analysis. Where many methylation sites are investigated in a study, attention should be given to multiple comparisons and false discovery rates, and multivariate methods such as principal component analysis may be useful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham W Horgan
- Biomathematics and Statistics, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.
| | - Sok-Peng Chua
- Biomathematics and Statistics, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
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29
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Davanzo R, Bua J, Paloni G, Facchina G. Breastfeeding and migraine drugs. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2014; 70:1313-24. [PMID: 25217187 DOI: 10.1007/s00228-014-1748-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Breastfeeding women may suffer from migraine. While we have many drugs for its treatment and prophylaxis, the majority are poorly studied in breastfeeding women. We conducted a review of the most common anti-migraine drugs (AMDs) and we determined their lactation risk. METHODS For each AMD, we collected all retrievable data from Hale's Medications and Mother Milk (2012), from the LactMed database (2014) of the National Library of Medicine, and from a MedLine Search of relevant studies published in the last 10 years. RESULTS According to our review, AMDs safe during breastfeeding are as follows: low-dose acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), ibuprofen, sumatriptan, metoprolol, propranolol, verapamil, amitriptyline, escitalopram, paroxetine, sertraline, acetaminophen, caffeine, and metoclopramide. AMDs compatible with breastfeeding but warranting caution are as follows: diclofenac, ketoprofen, naproxen, most new triptans, topiramate, valproate, venlafaxine, and cyproheptadine. Finally, high-dose ASA, atenolol, nadolol, cinnarizine, flunarizine, ergotamine, methysergide, and pizotifen are contraindicated. CONCLUSIONS According to our review, the majority of the revised AMDs were assessed to be compatible with breastfeeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Davanzo
- Division of Neonatology, Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS "BurloGarofolo", Trieste, Italy
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30
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Parets SE, Bedient CE, Menon R, Smith AK. Preterm birth and its long-term effects: methylation to mechanisms. BIOLOGY 2014; 3:498-513. [PMID: 25256426 PMCID: PMC4192624 DOI: 10.3390/biology3030498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Revised: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The epigenetic patterns established during development may influence gene expression over a lifetime and increase susceptibility to chronic disease. Being born preterm (<37 weeks of gestation) is associated with increased risk mortality and morbidity from birth until adulthood. This brief review explores the potential role of DNA methylation in preterm birth (PTB) and its possible long-term consequences and provides an overview of the physiological processes central to PTB and recent DNA methylation studies of PTB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasha E Parets
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Program, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Carrie E Bedient
- Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Ramkumar Menon
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine Perinatal Research, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
| | - Alicia K Smith
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Program, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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31
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Andretta RR, Okada FK, Paccola CC, Stumpp T, de Oliva SU, Miraglia SM. Carbamazepine-exposure during gestation and lactation affects pubertal onset and spermatic parameters in male pubertal offspring. Reprod Toxicol 2014; 44:52-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2013.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Revised: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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32
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Liu X, Chen Q, Tsai HJ, Wang G, Hong X, Zhou Y, Zhang C, Liu C, Liu R, Wang H, Zhang S, Yu Y, Mestan KK, Pearson C, Otlans P, Zuckerman B, Wang X. Maternal preconception body mass index and offspring cord blood DNA methylation: exploration of early life origins of disease. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2014; 55:223-30. [PMID: 24243566 PMCID: PMC4547934 DOI: 10.1002/em.21827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/22/2013] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Maternal obesity is associated with a variety of common diseases in the offspring. One possible underlying mechanism could be maternal obesity induced alterations in DNA methylation. However, this hypothesis is yet to be tested. We performed epigenomic mapping of cord blood among 308 Black mother-infant pairs delivered at term at the Boston Medical Center using the Illumina HumanMethylation27 BeadChip. Linear regression and pathway analyses were conducted to evaluate the associations between DNA methylation levels and prepregnancy maternal BMI (<25, 25-30, ≥30 kg/m(2) ). The methylation levels of 20 CpG sites were associated with maternal BMI at a significance level of P-value <10(-4) in the overall sample, and boys and girls, separately. One CpG site remained statistically significant after correction for multiple comparisons (FDR corrected P-value = 0.04) and was annotated to a potential cancer gene, ZCCHC10. Some of the other CpG site annotated genes appear to be critical to the development of cancers and cardiovascular diseases (i.e., WNT16, C18orf8, ANGPTL2, SAPCD2, ADCY3, PRR16, ERBB2, DOK2, PLAC1). Significant findings from pathway analysis, such as infectious and inflammatory and lipid metabolism pathways, lends support for the potential impact of maternal BMI on the above stated disorders. This study demonstrates that prepregnancy maternal BMI might lead to alterations in offspring DNA methylation in genes relevant to the development of a range of complex chronic diseases, providing evidence of trans-generational influence on disease susceptibility via epigenetic mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Mary Ann and J. Milburn Smith Child Health Research Program, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
- Correspondence to: Xin Liu, Mary Ann and J. Milburn Smith Child Health Research Program, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Qi Chen
- Mary Ann and J. Milburn Smith Child Health Research Program, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Hui-Ju Tsai
- Mary Ann and J. Milburn Smith Child Health Research Program, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Genetics, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Guoying Wang
- Center on the Early Life Origins of Disease, Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Xiumei Hong
- Center on the Early Life Origins of Disease, Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ying Zhou
- Biostatistics Research Core of Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago Research Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Chunling Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Chunyu Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Rong Liu
- Mary Ann and J. Milburn Smith Child Health Research Program, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Hongjian Wang
- Mary Ann and J. Milburn Smith Child Health Research Program, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Shanchun Zhang
- Mary Ann and J. Milburn Smith Child Health Research Program, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Yunxian Yu
- Mary Ann and J. Milburn Smith Child Health Research Program, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Karen K. Mestan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago and Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Colleen Pearson
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Peters Otlans
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Barry Zuckerman
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Xiaobin Wang
- Mary Ann and J. Milburn Smith Child Health Research Program, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
- Center on the Early Life Origins of Disease, Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
- Division of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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Lewis AJ, Galbally M, Gannon T, Symeonides C. Early life programming as a target for prevention of child and adolescent mental disorders. BMC Med 2014; 12:33. [PMID: 24559477 PMCID: PMC3932730 DOI: 10.1186/1741-7015-12-33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper concerns future policy development and programs of research for the prevention of mental disorders based on research emerging from fetal and early life programming. The current review offers an overview of findings on pregnancy exposures such as maternal mental health, lifestyle factors, and potential teratogenic and neurotoxic exposures on child outcomes. Outcomes of interest are common child and adolescent mental disorders including hyperactive, behavioral and emotional disorders. This literature suggests that the preconception and perinatal periods offer important opportunities for the prevention of deleterious fetal exposures. As such, the perinatal period is a critical period where future mental health prevention efforts should be focused and prevention models developed. Interventions grounded in evidence-based recommendations for the perinatal period could take the form of public health, universal and more targeted interventions. If successful, such interventions are likely to have lifelong effects on (mental) health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew James Lewis
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia.
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Belhedi N, Perroud N, Karege F, Vessaz M, Malafosse A, Salzmann A. Increased CPA6 promoter methylation in focal epilepsy and in febrile seizures. Epilepsy Res 2013; 108:144-8. [PMID: 24290490 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2013.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Revised: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 10/13/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Focal epilepsy (FE) is one of the most common forms of adult epilepsy and is usually regarded as a multifactorial disorder. Febrile seizures (FS) often appear during childhood in a subtype of FE patients, i.e. with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and hippocampal sclerosis (HS). FS are the most common human convulsive event associated with fever. Genetic evidences for FS have suggested a complex mode of inheritance. Until now, to investigate genes at the genomic level, linkage analysis of familial forms and association studies have been performed, but nothing conclusive has been clearly related to FE and FS. As complex disorders, environmental factors might play a crucial role through epigenetic modification of key candidate genes such as CPA6, which encodes Carboxypeptidase A6, an extracellular protein. Therefore, we assessed DNA methylation in promoter of CPA6. In 186 FE patients and 92 FS patients compared to 93 healthy controls and 42 treated controls with antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), we found significant higher levels of methylation for epileptic patients. Methylation status were 3.4% (±3.2%) for FE cases and 4.3% (±3.5%) for FS cases, whereas healthy individuals and treated controls with AEDs showed a level of 0.8% (±2.9%) and 1.5% (±3.9%), respectively (p≤0.001 for all comparisons). These results let growing evidence for DNA methylation involvment in FE and FS.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Belhedi
- Laboratory of Genetic, Immunology and Human Pathologies, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Tunis, Tunisia; Neurological Department, Charles Nicolle Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - N Perroud
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - F Karege
- Department of Biology, National University of Rwanda, Rwanda
| | - M Vessaz
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Laboratory, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A Malafosse
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Genetic Medicine and Laboratory, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A Salzmann
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
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Davanzo R, Dal Bo S, Bua J, Copertino M, Zanelli E, Matarazzo L. Antiepileptic drugs and breastfeeding. Ital J Pediatr 2013; 39:50. [PMID: 23985170 PMCID: PMC3844381 DOI: 10.1186/1824-7288-39-50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 08/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This review provides a synopsis for clinicians on the use of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) in the breastfeeding mother. METHODS For each AED, we collected all retrievable data from Hale's "Medications and Mother Milk" (2012), from the LactMed database (2013) of the National Library of Medicine, and from a MedLine Search of relevant studies in the past 10 years. RESULTS Older AEDs, such as carbamazepine, valproic acid, phenytoin, phenobarbital, primidone are considered to have a good level of safety during lactation, due to the long term clinical experience and the consequent amount of available data from the scientific literature. On the contrary, fewer data are available on the use of new AEDs. Therefore, gabapentin, lamotrigine, oxcarbazepine, vigabatrin, tiagabine, pregabalin, leviracetam and topiramate are compatible with breastfeeding with a less documented safety profile. Ethosuximide, zonisamide and the continue use of clonazepam and diazepam are contraindicated during breastfeeding. CONCLUSIONS Although the current available advice on the use of AEDs during breastfeeding, given by different accredited sources, present some contradictions, most AEDs can be considered safe according to our review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Davanzo
- Division of Neonatology, Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Via dell'Istria 65/1, Trieste 34100, Italy.
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Enaw JOE, Smith AK. Biomarker Development for Brain-Based Disorders: Recent Progress in Psychiatry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 1:7. [PMID: 25110721 DOI: 10.13188/2332-3469.1000006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Biomarkers are biological measures that are indicative of a specific disorder, its severity or response to treatment. They are widely used in many areas of medicine, but biomarker development for brain-based disorders lags behind. Using examples from the field of psychiatry, this article reviews the concepts of biomarkers, challenges to their development and the recent progress along those lines. In addition to discussing historical biomarker candidates such as cortisol or catecholamine levels, we include progress from recent genetic, epigenetic, proteomic, neuroimaging and EEG studies. Successful identification of biomarkers will advance the field of psychiatry towards the goal of biological tests for diagnosis, symptom management and treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- James O Ebot Enaw
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Alicia K Smith
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Prenatal and Perinatal Environmental Influences on the Human Fetal and Placental Epigenome. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2012; 92:716-26. [DOI: 10.1038/clpt.2012.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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