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Boorboori MR, Zhang H. The effect of cadmium on soil and plants, and the influence of Serendipita indica (Piriformospora indica) in mitigating cadmium stress. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2024; 46:426. [PMID: 39316191 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-024-02231-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 09/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
Due to environmental pollution, the risk of cadmium stress for crops is soaring, so researchers are exploring inexpensive solutions to enhance cultivated crops in contaminated soil. Using microorganisms to reduce cadmium risk has been one of the most effective strategies in recent decades. Serendipita indica (Piriformospora indica) is one of the best endophyte fungi that, in addition to reducing heavy metal stress for crops, can significantly reduce the threat of other abiotic stresses. As part of this research, cadmium in soil has been investigated, as well as its effects on plants' morphophysiological and biochemical characteristics. The present review has also attempted to identify the role of Serendipita indica in improving the growth and performance of crops, as well as its possible effect on reducing the risk of cadmium. The results showed that Serendipita indica enhance the growth and productivity of plants in contaminated environments by improving soil quality, reducing cadmium absorption, improving the activity of antioxidant enzymes and secondary metabolites, raising water and mineral absorption, and altering morphophysiological structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Boorboori
- College of Environment and Surveying and Mapping Engineering, Suzhou University, Suzhou, 234000, China.
| | - Haiyang Zhang
- College of Environment and Surveying and Mapping Engineering, Suzhou University, Suzhou, 234000, China.
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2
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Rappaport HB, Oliverio AM. Lessons from Extremophiles: Functional Adaptations and Genomic Innovations across the Eukaryotic Tree of Life. Genome Biol Evol 2024; 16:evae160. [PMID: 39101574 PMCID: PMC11299111 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evae160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
From hydrothermal vents, to glaciers, to deserts, research in extreme environments has reshaped our understanding of how and where life can persist. Contained within the genomes of extremophilic organisms are the blueprints for a toolkit to tackle the multitude of challenges of survival in inhospitable environments. As new sequencing technologies have rapidly developed, so too has our understanding of the molecular and genomic mechanisms that have facilitated the success of extremophiles. Although eukaryotic extremophiles remain relatively understudied compared to bacteria and archaea, an increasing number of studies have begun to leverage 'omics tools to shed light on eukaryotic life in harsh conditions. In this perspective paper, we highlight a diverse breadth of research on extremophilic lineages across the eukaryotic tree of life, from microbes to macrobes, that are collectively reshaping our understanding of molecular innovations at life's extremes. These studies are not only advancing our understanding of evolution and biological processes but are also offering a valuable roadmap on how emerging technologies can be applied to identify cellular mechanisms of adaptation to cope with life in stressful conditions, including high and low temperatures, limited water availability, and heavy metal habitats. We shed light on patterns of molecular and organismal adaptation across the eukaryotic tree of life and discuss a few promising research directions, including investigations into the role of horizontal gene transfer in eukaryotic extremophiles and the importance of increasing phylogenetic diversity of model systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- H B Rappaport
- Department of Biology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
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Li C, Wang L, Tong C, Li H, Qin Z, Zeng X, Chang Y, Li M, Yang Q. Molecular Insights into the Defense of Dioscorea opposita Cultivar Tiegun Callus Against Pathogenic and Endophytic Fungal Infection Through Transcriptome Analysis. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2024; 114:1893-1903. [PMID: 38810265 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-04-24-0125-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Dioscorea opposita cultivar Tiegun is an economically important crop with high nutritional and medicinal value. Plants can activate complex and diverse defense mechanisms after infection by pathogenic fungi. Moreover, endophytic fungi can also trigger the plant immune system to resist pathogen invasion. However, the study of the effects of endophytic fungi on plant infection lags far behind that of pathogenic fungi, and the underlying mechanism is not fully understood. Here, the black spot pathogen Alternaria alternata and the endophytic fungus Penicillium halotolerans of Tiegun were identified and used to infect calli. The results showed that A. alternata could cause more severe membrane lipid peroxidation, whereas P. halotolerans could rapidly increase the activity of the plant antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase; thus, the degree of damage to the callus caused by P. halotolerans was weaker than that caused by A. alternata. RNA sequencing analysis revealed that various plant defense pathways, such as phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, flavonoid biosynthesis, plant hormone signal transduction, and the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway, play important roles in triggering the plant immune response during fungal infection. Furthermore, the tryptophan metabolism, betalain biosynthesis, fatty acid degradation, flavonoid biosynthesis, tyrosine metabolism, and isoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis pathways may accelerate the infection of pathogenic fungi, and the ribosome biogenesis pathway in eukaryotes may retard the damage caused by endophytic fungi. This study lays a foundation for exploring the infection mechanism of yam pathogens and endophytic fungi and provides insight for effective fungal disease control in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaochuang Li
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Agricultural Microbial Ecology and Technology, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Lanning Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Chenwei Tong
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Haibing Li
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Zhao Qin
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Xiangpeng Zeng
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Yingying Chang
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Mingjun Li
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Nursing and Utilization of Genuine Chinese Crude Drugs of Henan Province/Engineering Laboratory of Green Medicinal Material Biotechnology of Henan Province, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Qingxiang Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Agricultural Microbial Ecology and Technology, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
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Juby S, Soumya P, Jayachandran K, Radhakrishnan EK. Morphological, Metabolomic and Genomic Evidences on Drought Stress Protective Functioning of the Endophyte Bacillus safensis Ni7. Curr Microbiol 2024; 81:209. [PMID: 38834921 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-024-03720-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
The metabolomic and genomic characterization of an endophytic Bacillus safensis Ni7 was carried out in this study. This strain has previously been isolated from the xerophytic plant Nerium indicum L. and reported to enhance the drought tolerance in Capsicum annuum L. seedlings. The effects of drought stress on the morphology, biofilm production, and metabolite production of B. safensis Ni7 are analyzed in the current study. From the results obtained, the organism was found to have multiple strategies such as aggregation and clumping, robust biofilm production, and increased production of surfactin homologues under the drought induced condition when compared to non-stressed condition. Further the whole genome sequencing (WGS) based analysis has demonstrated B. safensis Ni7 to have a genome size of 3,671,999 bp, N50 value of 3,527,239, and a mean G+C content of 41.58%. Interestingly the organism was observed to have the presence of various stress-responsive genes (13, 20U, 16U,160, 39, 17M, 18, 26, and ctc) and genes responsible for surfactin production (srfAA, srfAB, srfAC, and srfAD), biofilm production (epsD, epsE, epsF, epsG, epsH, epsI, epsK, epsL, epsM, epsN, and pel), chemotaxis (cheB_1, cheB_2, cheB_3, cheW_1, cheW_2 cheR, cheD, cheC, cheA, cheY, cheV, and cheB_4), flagella synthesis (flgG_1, flgG_2, flgG_3, flgC, and flgB) as supportive to the drought tolerance. Besides these, the genes responsible for plant growth promotion (PGP), including the genes for nitrogen (nasA, nasB, nasC, nasD, and nasE) and sulfur assimilation (cysL_1&L_2, cysI) and genes for phosphate solubilization (phoA, phoP_1& phoP_2, and phoR) could also be predicted. Along with the same, the genes for catalase, superoxide dismutase, protein homeostasis, cellular fitness, osmoprotectants production, and protein folding could also be predicted from its WGS data. Further pan-genome analysis with plant associated B. safensis strains available in the public databases revealed B. safensis Ni7 to have the presence of a total of 5391 gene clusters. Among these, 3207 genes were identified as core genes, 954 as shell genes and 1230 as cloud genes. This variation in gene content could be taken as an indication of evolution of strains of Bacillus safensis as per specific conditions and hence in the case of B. safensis Ni7 its role in habitat adaptation of plant is well expected. This diversity in endophytic bacterial genes may attribute its role to support the plant system to cope up with stress conditions. Overall, the study provides genomic evidence on Bacillus safensis Ni7 as a stress alleviating microbial partner in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silju Juby
- School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, India
| | - P Soumya
- School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, India
| | - K Jayachandran
- School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, India
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Bleša D, Matušinský P, Baláž M, Nesvadba Z, Zavřelová M. Endophyte Inoculation and Elevated Potassium Supply on Productivity, Growth and Physiological Parameters of Spring Barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) Genotypes over Contrasting Seasons. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1168. [PMID: 38674576 PMCID: PMC11054443 DOI: 10.3390/plants13081168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, recurrent droughts have significantly affected spring barley production, reducing the quantity and quality of grain. This study aims to identify genotype-specific traits and the drought resilience of six different Hordeum vulgare L. (spring barley) genotypes, while also examining the potential of potassium application and fungal endophyte Serendipita indica inoculation to mitigate the negative effects of dry periods during the growing season. Field experiments were conducted over a three-year period from 2020 to 2022, measuring physiological, growth, and yield parameters. To get insight into the physiological state of the plants, we measured the soluble sugars content and the ratio of stable carbon isotopes in the flag leaf tissue, which reflects conditions during its formation. The dominant factors that influenced the measured parameters were the genotypes and seasons, as well as their interaction, rather than other experimental factors. The results showed that the Spitfire and Accordine varieties were the best performing in both the 2020 and 2021 seasons, as indicated by their yield. However, in the drier 2022 season, the yield of these two varieties decreased significantly (to 55% for Spitfire and to 69% for Accordine of their yield in 2021), while for the arid-region genotypes, it remained at the same level as the previous year. This study sheds light on the potential of various genotypes to withstand periods of drought and the effectiveness of using potassium application and S. indica inoculation as mitigation approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Bleša
- Agrotest Fyto, Ltd., 76701 Kroměříž, Czech Republic
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Pavel Matušinský
- Agrotest Fyto, Ltd., 76701 Kroměříž, Czech Republic
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Baláž
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Zdeněk Nesvadba
- Gene Bank, Crop Research Institute, Drnovská 507, 16106 Praha 6 – Ruzyně, Czech Republic;
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Shamshad A, Rashid M, Hameed A, Imran Arshad HM. Identification of biochemical indices for brown spot (Bipolaris oryzae) disease resistance in rice mutants and hybrids. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300760. [PMID: 38635807 PMCID: PMC11025958 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Brown spot caused by Bipolaris oryzae is a major damaging fungal disease of rice which can decrease the yield and value of produce due to grain discoloration. The objectives of the current study were to investigate and understand the biochemical indices of brown spot disease resistance in rice. A total of 108 genotypes (mutant and hybrid) along with Super Basmati and parent RICF-160 were evaluated against brown spot disease. The genotypes exhibiting resistant and susceptible responses to brown spot disease according to the IRRI standard disease rating scale were screened and selected. To study the biochemical response mechanism, forty five selected genotypes along with Super Basmati and RICF-160 were analyzed using the biochemical markers. The physiological and biochemical analysis provided valuable insights and confirmed the resistance of rice hybrids and mutants against brown spot disease. Positive correlations were observed among stress bio-markers and disease response. Rice genotypes i.e. Mu-AS-8, Mu-AS-19, Mu-AS-20 and Mu-AS-35 exhibited moderate resistant response while Hy-AS-92, Hy-AS-98, Hy-AS-99, Hy-AS-101, Hy-AS-102 and Hy-AS-107 showed resistant response to brown spot disease. Brown spot resistant rice genotypes had lesser values of malondialdehyde and total oxidant status and higher antioxidant activities i.e. superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, total phenolic content and lycopene. The selected resistant rice genotypes had resistance capacity against Bipolaris oryzae stress. In conclusion, identified resistant mutants i.e. Mu-AS-8, Mu-AS-19, Mu-AS-20 and Mu-AS-35 and hybrids i.e. Hy-AS-92, Hy-AS-98, Hy-AS-99, Hy-AS-101, Hy-AS-102 and Hy-AS-107 could be used in rice breeding program to achieve sustainable rice production by coping the emerging challenge of brown spot disease under variable climate conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Areeqa Shamshad
- Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences NIAB-C, PIEAS, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rashid
- Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences NIAB-C, PIEAS, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Amjad Hameed
- Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences NIAB-C, PIEAS, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Muhammad Imran Arshad
- Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences NIAB-C, PIEAS, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Pandey P, Patil M, Priya P, Senthil-Kumar M. When two negatives make a positive: the favorable impact of the combination of abiotic stress and pathogen infection on plants. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:674-688. [PMID: 37864841 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Combined abiotic and biotic stresses modify plant defense signaling, leading to either the activation or suppression of defense responses. Although the majority of combined abiotic and biotic stresses reduce plant fitness, certain abiotic stresses reduce the severity of pathogen infection in plants. Remarkably, certain pathogens also improve the tolerance of some plants to a few abiotic stresses. While considerable research focuses on the detrimental impact of combined stresses on plants, the upside of combined stress remains hidden. This review succinctly discusses the interactions between abiotic stresses and pathogen infection that benefit plant fitness. Various factors that govern the positive influence of combined abiotic stress and pathogen infection on plant performance are also discussed. In addition, we provide a brief overview of the role of pathogens, mainly viruses, in improving plant responses to abiotic stresses. We further highlight the critical nodes in defense signaling that guide plant responses during abiotic stress towards enhanced resistance to pathogens. Studies on antagonistic interactions between abiotic and biotic stressors can uncover candidates in host plant defense that may shield plants from combined stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prachi Pandey
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, PO Box No. 10531, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Mahesh Patil
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, PO Box No. 10531, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Piyush Priya
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, PO Box No. 10531, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Muthappa Senthil-Kumar
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, PO Box No. 10531, New Delhi 110067, India
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8
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Kumar A, Solanki MK, Wang Z, Solanki AC, Singh VK, Divvela PK. Revealing the seed microbiome: Navigating sequencing tools, microbial assembly, and functions to amplify plant fitness. Microbiol Res 2024; 279:127549. [PMID: 38056172 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Microbial communities within seeds play a vital role in transmitting themselves to the next generation of plants. These microorganisms significantly impact seed vigor and early seedling growth, for successful crop establishment. Previous studies reported on seed-associated microbial communities and their influence on processes like dormancy release, germination, and disease protection. Modern sequencing and conventional methods reveal microbial community structures and environmental impacts, these information helps in microbial selection and manipulation. These studies form the foundation for using seed microbiomes to enhance crop resilience and productivity. While existing research has primarily focused on characterizing microbiota in dried mature seeds, a significant gap exists in understanding how these microbial communities assemble during seed development. The review also discusses applying seed-associated microorganisms to improve crops in the context of climate change. However, limited knowledge is available about the microbial assembly pattern on seeds, and their impact on plant growth. The review provides insight into microbial composition, functions, and significance for plant health, particularly regarding growth promotion and pest control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Kumar
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Sector-125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201313, India
| | - Manoj Kumar Solanki
- Department of Life Sciences and Biological Sciences, IES University, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India; Plant Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology Group, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland.
| | - Zhen Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, Agricultural College, Yulin Normal University, Yulin 537000, China
| | - Anjali Chandrol Solanki
- Department of Agriculture, Mansarover Global University, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462042, India
| | - Vipin Kumar Singh
- Department of Botany, K.S. Saket P.G. College, Ayodhya 224123, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Sun W, Shahrajabian MH. The Application of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi as Microbial Biostimulant, Sustainable Approaches in Modern Agriculture. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3101. [PMID: 37687348 PMCID: PMC10490045 DOI: 10.3390/plants12173101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Biostimulant application can be considered an effective, practical, and sustainable nutritional crop supplementation and may lessen the environmental problems related to excessive fertilization. Biostimulants provide beneficial properties to plants by increasing plant metabolism, which promotes crop yield and improves the quality of crops; protecting plants against environmental stresses such as water shortage, soil salinization, and exposure to sub-optimal growth temperatures; and promoting plant growth via higher nutrient uptake. Other important benefits include promoting soil enzymatic and microbial activities, changing the architecture of roots, increasing the solubility and mobility of micronutrients, and enhancing the fertility of the soil, predominantly by nurturing the development of complementary soil microbes. Biostimulants are classified as microbial, such as arbuscular mycorrhizae fungi (AMF), plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), non-pathogenic fungi, protozoa, and nematodes, or non-microbial, such as seaweed extract, phosphite, humic acid, other inorganic salts, chitin and chitosan derivatives, protein hydrolysates and free amino acids, and complex organic materials. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are among the most prominent microbial biostimulants and have an important role in cultivating better, healthier, and more functional foods in sustainable agriculture. AMF assist plant nutrient and water acquisition; enhance plant stress tolerance against salinity, drought, and heavy metals; and reduce soil erosion. AMF are proven to be a sustainable and environmentally friendly source of crop supplements. The current manuscript gives many examples of the potential of biostimulants for the production of different crops. However, further studies are needed to better understand the effectiveness of different biostimulants in sustainable agriculture. The review focuses on how AMF application can overcome nutrient limitations typical of organic systems by improving nutrient availability, uptake, and assimilation, consequently reducing the gap between organic and conventional yields. The aim of this literature review is to survey the impacts of AMF by presenting case studies and successful paradigms in different crops as well as introducing the main mechanisms of action of the different biostimulant products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Sun
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-13-4260-83836
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10
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Scott TJ, Larsen TJ, Brock DA, Uhm SYS, Queller DC, Strassmann JE. Symbiotic bacteria, immune-like sentinel cells, and the response to pathogens in a social amoeba. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2023; 10:230727. [PMID: 37593719 PMCID: PMC10427822 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.230727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Some endosymbionts living within a host must modulate their hosts' immune systems in order to infect and persist. We studied the effect of a bacterial endosymbiont on a facultatively multicellular social amoeba host. Aggregates of the amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum contain a subpopulation of sentinel cells that function akin to the immune systems of more conventional multicellular organisms. Sentinel cells sequester and discard toxins from D. discoideum aggregates and may play a central role in defence against pathogens. We measured the number and functionality of sentinel cells in aggregates of D. discoideum infected by bacterial endosymbionts in the genus Paraburkholderia. Infected D. discoideum produced fewer and less functional sentinel cells, suggesting that Paraburkholderia may interfere with its host's immune system. Despite impaired sentinel cells, however, infected D. discoideum were less sensitive to ethidium bromide toxicity, suggesting that Paraburkholderia may also have a protective effect on its host. By contrast, D. discoideum infected by Paraburkholderia did not show differences in their sensitivity to two non-symbiotic pathogens. Our results expand previous work on yet another aspect of the complicated relationship between D. discoideum and Paraburkholderia, which has considerable potential as a model for the study of symbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trey J. Scott
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Tyler J. Larsen
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Debra A. Brock
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - So Yeon Stacey Uhm
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - David C. Queller
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Joan E. Strassmann
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
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11
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Malviya D, Singh P, Singh UB, Paul S, Kumar Bisen P, Rai JP, Verma RL, Fiyaz RA, Kumar A, Kumari P, Dei S, Ahmed MR, Bagyaraj DJ, Singh HV. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi-mediated activation of plant defense responses in direct seeded rice ( Oryza sativa L.) against root-knot nematode Meloidogyne graminicola. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1104490. [PMID: 37200920 PMCID: PMC10185796 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1104490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhizosphere is the battlefield of beneficial and harmful (so called phytopathogens) microorganisms. Moreover, these microbial communities are struggling for their existence in the soil and playing key roles in plant growth, mineralization, nutrient cycling and ecosystem functioning. In the last few decades, some consistent pattern have been detected so far that link soil community composition and functions with plant growth and development; however, it has not been studied in detail. AM fungi are model organisms, besides potential role in nutrient cycling; they modulate biochemical pathways directly or indirectly which lead to better plant growth under biotic and abiotic stress conditions. In the present investigations, we have elucidated the AM fungi-mediated activation of plant defense responses against Meloidogyne graminicola causing root-knot disease in direct seeded rice (Oryza sativa L.). The study describes the multifarious effects of Funneliformis mosseae, Rhizophagus fasciculatus, and Rhizophagus intraradices inoculated individually or in combination under glasshouse conditions in rice plants. It was found that F. mosseae, R. fasciculatus and R. intraradices when applied individually or in combination modulated the biochemical and molecular mechanisms in the susceptible and resistant inbred lines of rice. AM inoculation significantly increased various plant growth attributes in plants with simultaneous decrease in the root-knot intensity. Among these, the combined application of F. mosseae, R. fasciculatus, and R. intraradices was found to enhance the accumulation and activities of biomolecules and enzymes related to defense priming as well as antioxidation in the susceptible and resistant inbred lines of rice pre-challenged with M. graminicola. The application of F. mosseae, R. fasciculatus and R. intraradices, induced the key genes involved in plant defense and signaling and it has been demonstrated for the first time. Results of the present investigation advocated that the application of F. mosseae, R. fasciculatus and R. intraradices, particularly a combination of all three, not only helped in the control of root-knot nematodes but also increased plant growth as well as enhances the gene expression in rice. Thus, it proved to be an excellent biocontrol as well as plant growth-promoting agent in rice even when the crop is under biotic stress of the root-knot nematode, M. graminicola.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepti Malviya
- Plant-Microbe Interaction and Rhizosphere Biology Lab, ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Maunath Bhanjan, India
| | - Prakash Singh
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Veer Kunwar Singh College of Agriculture, Bihar Agricultural University, Dumraon, India
| | - Udai B Singh
- Plant-Microbe Interaction and Rhizosphere Biology Lab, ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Maunath Bhanjan, India
| | - Surinder Paul
- Plant-Microbe Interaction and Rhizosphere Biology Lab, ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Maunath Bhanjan, India
| | | | - Jai P Rai
- Department of Mycology and Plant Pathology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Ram Lakhan Verma
- Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, India
| | - R Abdul Fiyaz
- Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - A Kumar
- Bihar Agricultural University, Bhagalpur, India
| | - Poonam Kumari
- Agrotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India
| | | | - Mohd Reyaz Ahmed
- Department of Plant Pathology, Veer Kunwar Singh College of Agriculture, Bihar Agricultural University, Dumraon, India
| | - D J Bagyaraj
- Centre for Natural Biological Resources and Community Development, Bengaluru, India
| | - Harsh V Singh
- Plant-Microbe Interaction and Rhizosphere Biology Lab, ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Maunath Bhanjan, India
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Pande PM, Azarbad H, Tremblay J, St-Arnaud M, Yergeau E. Metatranscriptomic response of the wheat holobiont to decreasing soil water content. ISME COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 3:30. [PMID: 37061589 PMCID: PMC10105728 DOI: 10.1038/s43705-023-00235-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
Crops associate with microorganisms that help their resistance to biotic stress. However, it is not clear how the different partners of this association react during exposure to stress. This knowledge is needed to target the right partners when trying to adapt crops to climate change. Here, we grew wheat in the field under rainout shelters that let through 100%, 75%, 50% and 25% of the precipitation. At the peak of the growing season, we sampled plant roots and rhizosphere, and extracted and sequenced their RNA. We compared the 100% and the 25% treatments using differential abundance analysis. In the roots, most of the differentially abundant (DA) transcripts belonged to the fungi, and most were more abundant in the 25% precipitation treatment. About 10% of the DA transcripts belonged to the plant and most were less abundant in the 25% precipitation treatment. In the rhizosphere, most of the DA transcripts belonged to the bacteria and were generally more abundant in the 25% precipitation treatment. Taken together, our results show that the transcriptomic response of the wheat holobiont to decreasing precipitation levels is stronger for the fungal and bacterial partners than for the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranav M Pande
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique, Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, Québec, H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Hamed Azarbad
- Department of Biology, Evolutionary Ecology of Plants, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Julien Tremblay
- National Research Council of Canada, Energy Mining and Environment, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Marc St-Arnaud
- Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, Université de Montréal et Jardin Botanique de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Etienne Yergeau
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique, Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, Québec, H7V 1B7, Canada.
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Devi R, Verma R, Dhalaria R, Kumar A, Kumar D, Puri S, Thakur M, Chauhan S, Chauhan PP, Nepovimova E, Kuca K. A systematic review on endophytic fungi and its role in the commercial applications. PLANTA 2023; 257:70. [PMID: 36856911 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04087-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION EF have been explored for its beneficial impact on environment and for its commercial applications. It has proved its worth in these sectors and showed an impact on biological properties of plants by producing various bioactive molecules and enzymes. Endophytes are plant mutualists that live asymptomatically within plant tissues and exist in almost every plant species. Endophytic fungi benefit from the host plant nutrition, and the host plant gains improved competitive abilities and tolerance against pathogens, herbivores, and various abiotic stresses. Endophytic fungi are one of the most inventive classes which produce secondary metabolites and play a crucial role in human health and other biotic aspects. This review is focused on systematic study on the biodiversity of endophytic fungi in plants, and their role in enhancing various properties of plants such as antimicrobial, antimycobacterial, antioxidant, cytotoxic, anticancer, and biological activity of secondary metabolites produced by various fungal endophytes in host plants reported from 1994 to 2021. This review emphasizes the endophytic fungal population shaped by host genotype, environment, and endophytic fungi genotype affecting host plant. The impact of endophytic fungi has been discussed in detail which influences the commercial properties of plants. Endophytes also have an influence on plant productivity by increasing parameters such as nutrient recycling and phytostimulation. Studies focusing on mechanisms that regulate attenuation of secondary metabolite production in EF would provide much needed impetus on ensuring continued production of bioactive molecules from a indubitable source. If this knowledge is further extensively explored regarding fungal endophytes in plants for production of potential phytochemicals, then it will help in exploring a keen area of interest for pharmacognosy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reema Devi
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, H.P., 173229, India
| | - Rachna Verma
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, H.P., 173229, India.
| | - Rajni Dhalaria
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, H.P., 173229, India
| | - Ashwani Kumar
- Patanjali Herbal Research Department, Patanjali Research Institute, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, 249405, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- School of Bioengineering and Food Technology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Business Management, Solan, H.P., 173229, India
| | - Sunil Puri
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, H.P., 173229, India
| | - Monika Thakur
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, H.P., 173229, India
| | - Saurav Chauhan
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, H.P., 173229, India
| | - Prem Parkash Chauhan
- Lal Bahadur Shastri Government Degree College, Saraswati Nagar, Shimla, H.P., 171206, India
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 50003, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 50003, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, 50005, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
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2,3-Dihydrosorbicillin and chrysopanol stimulate insulin secretion in INS-1 cells. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2023; 83:129186. [PMID: 36781148 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2023.129186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic β-cell function and insulin secretion are important in antidiabetic drug development. In an effort to discover small molecules to regulate insulin secretion, an endophytic fungus, Penicillium sp. SSP-1CLG, was selected for chemical investigation. Large scale cultures of the strain followed by extraction and chromatographic analysis led to the isolation of 10 anthraquinone and alkaloid-type compounds. The isolated compounds were identified by comprehensive analysis of NMR, MS, and ECD data. The effect of compounds 1-10 on insulin secretion in INS-1 cells was investigated. 2,3-Dihydrosorbicillin (1), chrysophanol (2), and glandicolin B (10) at non-cytotoxic concentrations resulted in an increase of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) in rat INS-1 pancreatic β-cells. Furthermore, we investigated the signaling pathway involved in 2,3-dihydrosorbicillin (1) and chrysophanol (2) action in the activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), pancreatic and duodenal homeobox-1 (PDX-1), insulin receptor substrate-2 (IRS-2), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), and Akt. Treatment of INS-1 cells with 2,3-dihydrosorbicillin (1) and chrysophanol (2) increased the expression of these proteins. Our findings indicate that 2,3-dihydrosorbicillin and chrysophanol may play roles in the regulation of insulin secretion in pancreatic β-cells, at least in part, by targeting PPARγ and PDX-1 via the IRS-2/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
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VdGAL4 Modulates Microsclerotium Formation, Conidial Morphology, and Germination To Promote Virulence in Verticillium dahliae. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0351522. [PMID: 36475739 PMCID: PMC9927093 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03515-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Verticillium dahliae Kleb is a typical soilborne pathogen that can cause vascular wilt disease on more than 400 plants. Functional analysis of genes related to the growth and virulence is crucial to revealing the molecular mechanism of the pathogenicity of V. dahliae. Glycosidase hydrolases can hydrolyze the glycosidic bond, and some can cause host plant immune response to V. dahliae. Here, we reported a functional validation of VdGAL4 as an α-galactosidase that belongs to glycoside hydrolase family 27. VdGAL4 could cause plant cell death, and its signal peptide plays an important role in cellular immune response. VdGAL4-triggered cell death depends on BAK1 and SOBIR1 in Nicotiana benthamiana. In V. dahliae, the function of VdGAL4 in mycelial growth, conidia, microsclerotium, and pathogenicity was studied by constructing VdGAL4 deletion and complementation mutants. Results showed that the deletion of VdGAL4 reduced the conidial yield and conidial germination rate of V. dahliae and changed the microscopic morphology of conidia; the mycelia were arranged more disorderly and were unable to produce microsclerotium. The VdGAL4 deletion mutants exhibited reduced utilization of different carbon sources, such as raffinose and sucrose. The VdGAL4 deletion mutants were also more sensitive to abiotic stress agents of SDS, sorbitol, low-temperature stress of 16°C, and high-temperature stress of 45°C. In addition, the VdGAL4 deletion mutants lost the ability to penetrate cellophane and its mycelium were disorderly arranged. Remarkably, VdGAL4 deletion mutants exhibited reduced pathogenicity of V. dahliae. These results showed that VdGAL4 played a critical role in the pathogenicity of V. dahliae by regulating mycelial growth, conidial morphology, and the formation of microsclerotium. IMPORTANCE This study showed that α-galactosidase VdGAL4 of V. dahliae could activate plant immune response and plays an important role in conidial morphology and yield, formation of microsclerotia, and mycelial penetration. VdGAL4 deletion mutants significantly reduced the pathogenicity of V. dahliae. These findings deepened the understanding of pathogenic virulence factors and how the mechanism of pathogenic fungi infected the host, which may help to seek new strategies for effective control of plant diseases caused by pathogenic fungi.
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Qadir M, Hussain A, Shah M, Hamayun M, Iqbal A. Enhancement of chromate phytoremediation and soil reclamation potential of Brassica campestris L. by Aspergillus niger. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:9471-9482. [PMID: 36057704 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22678-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In the past decades, chromium contamination of agricultural land has become an emerging concern. For land reclamation, several strategies including bioremediation have been used. Owing the potential of hyperaccumulators, the current project aims to enhance the phytoremediation potential of Brassica campestris L. with the application of chromate tolerant endophytic fungus Aspergillus niger CSR3. when B. campestris was watered with chromate concentration (300, 500, and 1000 ppm) in the form of potassium chromate (K2CrO4), seed germination, hypocotyl length, root shoot length, and leaf area were severely reduced (p < 0.05). However, reproductive parts of the plants remained viable once initiated. Inoculation of the selected endophyte stimulated host growth, reducing the severity of the chromate stress. Interestingly, CSR3-inoculated plants accumulated 1.82-, 1.51-, and 2.16-fold greater quantities of chromate than the un-inoculated plants. To cope better with the stress, endophyte-associated host had stronger antioxidant system supported by enhanced production of nonenzymatic antioxidants (flavonoids, phenolics, and proline) and enzymatic antioxidants (SOD, CAT, APX, and POD) than the non-endophytes host plants. It may be concluded that hyperaccumulator B. campestris accumulates even higher quantities of chromate in the presence of endophytic A. niger CSR3 and tolerates elevated levels of chromate with boosted antioxidant system. Thus, hyperaccumulator host associated with heavy metal tolerant endophytic fungi can be the possible efficient way to reclaim the contaminated site from the heavy metals effectively in a short time period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Qadir
- Department of Botany, Garden Campus, Abdul Wali Khan University, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Anwar Hussain
- Department of Botany, Garden Campus, Abdul Wali Khan University, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Mardan, Pakistan.
| | - Mohib Shah
- Department of Botany, Garden Campus, Abdul Wali Khan University, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Hamayun
- Department of Botany, Garden Campus, Abdul Wali Khan University, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Amjad Iqbal
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Garden Campus, Abdul Wali Khan University, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Mardan, Pakistan
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Kumari M, Swarupa P, Kesari KK, Kumar A. Microbial Inoculants as Plant Biostimulants: A Review on Risk Status. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 13:life13010012. [PMID: 36675961 PMCID: PMC9860928 DOI: 10.3390/life13010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Modern agriculture systems are copiously dependent on agrochemicals such as chemical fertilizers and pesticides intended to increase crop production and yield. The indiscriminate use of these chemicals not only affects the growth of plants due to the accumulation of toxic compounds, but also degrades the quality and life-supporting properties of soil. There is a dire need to develop some green approach that can resolve these issues and restore soil fertility and sustainability. The use of plant biostimulants has emerged as an environmentally friendly and acceptable method to increase crop productivity. Biostimulants contain biological substances which may be capable of increasing or stimulating plant growth in an eco-friendly manner. They are mostly biofertilizers that provide nutrients and protect plants from environmental stresses such as drought and salinity. In contrast to the protection of crop products, biostimulants not only act on the plant's vigor but also do not respond to direct actions against pests or diseases. Plant biostimulants improve nutrient mobilization and uptake, tolerance to stress, and thus crop quality when applied to plants directly or in the rhizospheric region. They foster plant growth and development by positively affecting the crop life-cycle starting from seed germination to plant maturity. Legalized application of biostimulants causes no hazardous effects on the environment and primarily provides nutrition to plants. It nurtures the growth of soil microorganisms, which leads to enhanced soil fertility and also improves plant metabolism. Additionally, it may positively influence the exogenous microbes and alter the equilibrium of the microfloral composition of the soil milieu. This review frequently cites the characterization of microbial plant biostimulants that belong to either a high-risk group or are closely related to human pathogens such as Pueudomonas, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Acinetobacter, etc. These related pathogens cause ailments including septicemia, gastroenteritis, wound infections, inflammation in the respiratory system, meningitis, etc., of varied severity under different conditions of health status such as immunocompromized and comorbidity. Thus it may attract the related concern to review the risk status of biostimulants for their legalized applications in agriculture. This study mainly emphasizes microbial plant biostimulants and their safe application concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menka Kumari
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand Cheri-Manatu, Kamre, Kanke, Rachi 835222, India
| | - Preeti Swarupa
- Department of Microbiology, Patna Women’s College, Patna 800001, India
| | - Kavindra Kumar Kesari
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Science, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland
- Correspondence: or (K.K.K.); (A.K.)
| | - Anil Kumar
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand Cheri-Manatu, Kamre, Kanke, Rachi 835222, India
- Correspondence: or (K.K.K.); (A.K.)
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Wu Y, Brown A, Ricklefs RE. Host-specific soil microbes contribute to habitat restriction of closely related oaks ( Quercus spp.). Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9614. [PMID: 36523531 PMCID: PMC9745265 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Habitat divergence among close relatives is a common phenomenon. Studying the mechanisms behind habitat divergence is fundamental to understanding niche partitioning, species diversification, and other evolutionary processes. Recent studies found that soil microbes regulate the abundance and diversity of plant species. However, it remains unclear whether soil microbes can affect the habitat distributions of plants and drive habitat divergence. To fill in this knowledge gap, we investigated whether soil microbes might restrict habitat distributions of closely related oaks (Quercus spp.) in eastern North America. We performed a soil inoculum experiment using two pairs of sister species (i.e., the most closely related species) that show habitat divergence: Quercus alba (local species) vs. Q. michauxii (foreign), and Q. shumardii (local) vs. Q. acerifolia (foreign). To test whether host-specific soil microbes are responsible for habitat restriction, we investigated the impact of local sister live soil (containing soil microbes associated with local sister species) on the survival and growth of local and foreign species. Second, to test whether habitat-specific soil microbes are responsible for habitat restriction, we examined the effect of local habitat live soil (containing soil microbes within local sister's habitats, but not directly associated with local sister species) on the seedlings of local and foreign species. We found that local sister live soil decreased the survival and biomass of foreign species' seedlings while increasing those of local species, suggesting that host-specific soil microbes could potentially mediate habitat exclusion. In contrast, local habitat live soil did not differentially affect the survival or biomass of the local vs. foreign species. Our study indicates that soil microbes associated with one sister species can suppress the recruitment of the other host species, contributing to the habitat partitioning of close relatives. Considering the complex interactions with soil microbes is essential for understanding the habitat distributions of closely related plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingtong Wu
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Missouri–St. LouisSt. LouisMissouriUSA
- Whitney R. Harris World Ecology CenterUniversity of Missouri–St. LouisSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Alicia Brown
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Missouri–St. LouisSt. LouisMissouriUSA
- Whitney R. Harris World Ecology CenterUniversity of Missouri–St. LouisSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Robert E. Ricklefs
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Missouri–St. LouisSt. LouisMissouriUSA
- Whitney R. Harris World Ecology CenterUniversity of Missouri–St. LouisSt. LouisMissouriUSA
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Kandasamy GD, Kathirvel P. Insights into bacterial endophytic diversity and isolation with a focus on their potential applications –A review. Microbiol Res 2022; 266:127256. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2022.127256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Ahmad I, Jiménez-Gasco MDM, Luthe DS, Barbercheck ME. Endophytic Metarhizium robertsii suppresses the phytopathogen, Cochliobolus heterostrophus and modulates maize defenses. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0272944. [PMID: 36137142 PMCID: PMC9499252 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0272944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungi in the genus Metarhizium (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) are insect-pathogens and endophytes that can benefit their host plant through growth promotion and protection against stresses. Cochliobolus heterostrophus (Drechsler) Drechsler (Pleosporales: Pleosporaceae) is an economically-significant phytopathogenic fungus that causes Southern Corn Leaf Blight (SCLB) in maize. We conducted greenhouse and lab-based experiments to determine the effects of endophytic M. robertsii J.F. Bisch., Rehner & Humber on growth and defense in maize (Zea mays L.) infected with C. heterostrophus. We inoculated maize seeds with spores of M. robertsii and, at the 3 to 4-leaf stage, the youngest true leaf of M. robertsii-treated and untreated control plants with spores of C. heterostrophus. After 96 h, we measured maize height, above-ground biomass, endophytic colonization by M. robertsii, severity of SCLB, and expression of plant defense genes and phytohormone content. We recovered M. robertsii from 74% of plants grown from treated seed. The severity of SCLB in M. robertsii-treated maize plants was lower than in plants inoculated only with C. heterostrophus. M. robertsii-treated maize inoculated or not inoculated with C. heterostrophus showed greater height and above-ground biomass compared with untreated control plants. Height and above-ground biomass of maize co-inoculated with M. robertsii and C. heterostrophus were not different from M. robertsii-treated maize. M. robertsii modulated the expression of defense genes and the phytohormone content in maize inoculated with C. heterostrophus compared with plants not inoculated with C. heterostrophus and control plants. These results suggest that endophytic M. robertsii can promote maize growth and reduce development of SCLB, possibly by induced systemic resistance mediated by modulation of phytohormones and expression of defense and growth-related genes in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imtiaz Ahmad
- Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail: (MEB); (IA)
| | - María del Mar Jiménez-Gasco
- Department of Plant Pathology and Environmental Microbiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Dawn S. Luthe
- Department of Plant Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Mary E. Barbercheck
- Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail: (MEB); (IA)
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Plant-Endophyte Interaction during Biotic Stress Management. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11172203. [PMID: 36079585 PMCID: PMC9459794 DOI: 10.3390/plants11172203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Plants interact with diverse microbial communities and share complex relationships with each other. The intimate association between microbes and their host mutually benefit each other and provide stability against various biotic and abiotic stresses to plants. Endophytes are heterogeneous groups of microbes that live inside the host tissue without showing any apparent sign of infection. However, their functional attributes such as nutrient acquisition, phytohormone modulation, synthesis of bioactive compounds, and antioxidant enzymes of endophytes are similar to the other rhizospheric microorganisms. Nevertheless, their higher colonization efficacy and stability against abiotic stress make them superior to other microorganisms. In recent studies, the potential role of endophytes in bioprospecting has been broadly reported. However, the molecular aspect of host–endophyte interactions is still unclear. In this study, we have briefly discussed the endophyte biology, colonization efficacy and diversity pattern of endophytes. In addition, it also summarizes the molecular aspect of plant–endophyte interaction in biotic stress management.
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Chen CJ, Guo G, Li M, Liang XY, Gu YY. Diversity of endophytic bacteria of mulberry (Morus L.) under cold conditions. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:923162. [PMID: 35928145 PMCID: PMC9344060 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.923162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Endophytic bacteria are known to impact the growth and fitness of agriculturally relevant plants. However, there are limited reports describing endophytic bacteria related to mulberry (Morus L.). The present study used Illumina-based 16S rRNA gene sequencing to investigate the endophytic bacterial communities of two mulberry cultivars with differing resistance to low temperature, under cold conditions. In most cases, the bacterial communities of endophytes in the root exhibited higher richness compared with those in the stem, and the communities in resistant cultivar X792 exhibited higher richness compared with those of the sensitive cultivar “Da Shi” (DS). The difference in the proportion of unique operational taxonomic units showed the same trend. The number of genera with significant differences in abundance was greater between organs than between months, and greater between months than between cultivars. Microbial diversity analysis showed that Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria were the dominant phyla in all samples, while Pseudomonas, Steroidobacter, and Rhodococcus were the dominant genera in different samples. There were significant differences between cultivars DS and X792 in the relative abundance of Pseudomonas, Acidibacter, Frigoribacterium, Gaiella, and Pseudokineococcus. PICRUSt predictions indicated that the relative abundances of endophytic bacteria in membrane transport and signal transduction were significantly higher in the stem of resistant cultivar X792 in January compared with that of sensitive cultivar DS. Analysis of β-Diversity also revealed distinct differences in endophytic bacterial communities of stem and root, and communities of the stem in January and February. The complex correlation of the endophytic communities was higher in sensitive mulberry cultivar DS compared with resistant cultivar X792, in the stem compared with the root, and in January compared with February. Overall, findings from this study suggested that the diversity and community structure of endophytic bacteria in mulberry were significantly influenced by organs and months, followed by the host cultivar. The study provides insight into the complex microbial diversity of mulberry under cold conditions.
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The Role of Serendipita indica (Piriformospora indica) in Improving Plant Resistance to Drought and Salinity Stresses. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11070952. [PMID: 36101333 PMCID: PMC9312039 DOI: 10.3390/biology11070952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Environmental stresses are one of the biggest threats to modern agriculture, and climate change has heightened the risks of these stresses in different parts of the world. Among all the environmental stresses, salinity and drought are a severe threat to arid and semi-arid regions of the world, and for a long time, scientists have been searching for ways to reduce the risk of these stresses. In recent decades, solutions have been developed to reduce the risk of environmental stress on plants by identifying beneficial soil microorganisms. This study was conducted to identify morphophysiological and molecular changes of plants in coexistence with Serendipita indica and their impact on drought and salinity stress reduction. The study also has investigated the stressors’ impact on plants and the plants’ mechanisms to cope with them; Furthermore, sharing results with researchers provides a clear path for future research. Abstract Plant stress is one of the biggest threats to crops, causing irreparable damage to farmers’ incomes; Therefore, finding suitable, affordable, and practical solutions will help the agricultural economy and prevent the loss of millions of tons of agricultural products. Scientists have taken significant steps toward improving farm productivity in the last few decades by discovering how beneficial soil microorganisms enhance plant resistance to environmental stresses. Among these microorganisms is Serendipita indica, which the benefits of coexisting this fungus with plant roots have been extensively explored in recent years. By investigating fungus specification and its effects on plants’ morphological, physiological, and molecular traits, the present study seeks to understand how Serendipita indica affects plant resistance to salinity and drought conditions. Furthermore, this study attempts to identify the unknown mechanisms of action of the coexistence of Serendipita indica with plants in the face of stress using information from previous studies. Thus, it provides a way for future research to assess the impact of this fungus on tackling environmental stresses and enhancing agricultural productivity.
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Hagh-Doust N, Färkkilä SM, Hosseyni Moghaddam MS, Tedersoo L. Symbiotic fungi as biotechnological tools: Methodological challenges and relative benefits in agriculture and forestry. FUNGAL BIOL REV 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbr.2022.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Hosseyni Moghaddam MS, Safaie N, Rahimlou S, Hagh-Doust N. Inducing Tolerance to Abiotic Stress in Hordeum vulgare L. by Halotolerant Endophytic Fungi Associated With Salt Lake Plants. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:906365. [PMID: 35722330 PMCID: PMC9205400 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.906365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A characteristic trait of plants living in harsh environments is their association with fungal endophytes, which enable them to survive under extreme stress. Abiotic stress resistance in agro-ecosystems, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions, can be increased by inoculating these fungal endophytes on plants other than their original hosts. The present study is therefore focused on the possible role of three halotolerant endophytic fungi, i.e., Periconia macrospinosa, Neocamarosporium goegapense, and N. chichastianum, isolated from roots of salt lake plants growing in the central desert of Iran, in alleviating the adverse effects of salinity and drought stresses on barley under greenhouse conditions. To perform this experiment, a randomized block design was applied with three factors: fungi (four levels including three halotolerant endophytic species and control), salinity (three levels including 8, 12, and 16 dS/m), and drought (four levels including 100, 80, 60, 40 percent field capacity). All plants were measured for growth characteristics, chlorophyll concentration, proline content, and antioxidant enzyme activities. A three-way analysis of variance indicated that all three fungal endophytes, to varying extents, induced the barley plants’ resistance to salinity and drought, and their combined effects. Additionally, we found that fungal endophytes were more effective when the barley plants were subjected to higher levels of salinity and drought. Under the stress of salinity and drought, a strong relationship between inoculation of fungal endophytes and enhancement of biomass, shoot length, chlorophyll concentration, proline content, and activity of catalase, peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase was indicated. We discussed that increased root growth, proline content, and antioxidant enzyme activity are the main physiological and biochemical mechanisms causing stress resistance in barley plants inoculated with endophytes. Our research findings illustrate that fungal endophytes have a substantial potential for increasing abiotic stress tolerance in barley plants, which can be applied in agricultural ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdieh S. Hosseyni Moghaddam
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Naser Safaie
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
- *Correspondence: Naser Safaie,
| | - Saleh Rahimlou
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Center of Mycology and Microbiology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Niloufar Hagh-Doust
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Center of Mycology and Microbiology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
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Zhang J, Islam MS, Wang J, Zhao Y, Dong W. Isolation of Potato Endophytes and Screening of Chaetomium globosum Antimicrobial Genes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094611. [PMID: 35563004 PMCID: PMC9099842 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have natural antibacterial activities that pathogens find difficult to overcome. As a result of this occurrence, AMPs can act as an important substitute against the microbial resistance. In this study, we used plate confrontation tests to screen out 20 potential endophytes from potato tubers. Among them, endophyte F5 was found to significantly inhibit the growth of five different pathogenic fungi. Following that, phylogenetic analysis revealed that the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences were 99% identical to Chaetomium globosum corresponding sequences. Thereafter, the Bacillus subtilis expression system was used to create a C. globosum cDNA library in order to isolate the resistance genes. Using this approach, the resistance gene screening technology in the indicator bacteria built-in library was used to identify two antimicrobial peptides, CgR2150 and CgR3101, with broad-spectrum antibacterial activities. Furthermore, the results showed that CgR2150 and CgR3101 have excellent UV, thermal, and enzyme stabilities. Also, these two peptides can significantly inhibit the growth of various bacteria (Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola, Clavibacter michiganensis, and Clavibacter fangii) and fungi (Fusarium graminearum, Rhizoctonia solani, and Botrytis cinerea). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations revealed that CgR2150 and CgR3101 peptides act against bacteria by disrupting bacterial cell membranes. Moreover, hemolytic activity assay showed that neither of the two peptides exhibited significant hemolytic activity. To conclude, the antimicrobial peptides CgR2150 and CgR3101 are promising in the development of a new antibacterial agent and for application in plant production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Wubei Dong
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-150-0710-9436
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Buchenau N, van Kleunen M, Wilschut RA. Direct and legacy‐mediated drought effects on plant performance are species‐specific and depend on soil community composition. OIKOS 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.08959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Buchenau
- Dept of Biology, Univ. of Konstanz Konstanz Germany
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou Univ. Taizhou China
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Tolerance and Recovery Capacity to Reclaimed Wastewater Irrigation of Salvia officinalis and Asteriscus maritimus Plants Inoculated with Arbuscular Mycorrhizae. HORTICULTURAE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae8020159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This work attempts to identify which of two species with different levels of salinity tolerance, Salvia officinalis L. or Asteriscus maritimus L., is more suitable for irrigation with reclaimed wastewater, as well as the effect of the arbuscular mycorrhiza Glomus iranicum on the plant. The experiment was carried out in a growth chamber with a first phase, where both species were irrigated with good quality water, a second phase in which the plants were irrigated with reclaimed wastewater, and a third phase in which the plants were irrigated with good quality water again (recovery). Salinity caused a reduction in leaf water potential, stomatal conductance and net photosynthesis in both species. The percentage of mycorrhization was higher in Asteriscus than in Salvia, mitigating the decrease in leaf water potential. There was osmotic adjustment in Salvia, although the proline content increased in both species. The damages produced were clearer in Salvia, in which lipid peroxidation values were higher. Likewise, the visual appearance of the leaves showed symptoms of toxicity in this species, although the mycorrhizae diminished these effects. Irrigation with good quality water induced the recovery of lipid peroxidation in both species, as well as the appearance of new leaves in Salvia.
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González-Teuber M, Contreras RA, Zúñiga GE, Barrera D, Bascuñán-Godoy L. Synergistic Association With Root Endophytic Fungi Improves Morpho-Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Chenopodium quinoa to Salt Stress. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.787318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Symbiotic associations with microbes can contribute to mitigating abiotic environmental stress in plants. In this study, we investigated individual and interactive effects of two root endophytic fungal species on physiological and biochemical mechanisms of the crop Chenopodium quinoa in response to salinity. Fungal endophytes (FE) Talaromyces minioluteus and Penicillium murcianum, isolated from quinoa plants that occur naturally in the Atacama Desert, were used for endophyte inoculation. A greenhouse experiment was developed using four plant groups: (1) plants inoculated with T. minioluteus (E1+), (2) plants inoculated with P. murcianum (E2+), (3) plants inoculated with both fungal species (E1E2+), and (4) non-inoculated plants (E-). Plants from each group were then assigned to either salt (300 mM) or control (no salt) treatments. Differences in morphological traits, photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration, superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), peroxidase, (POD), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), phenolic content, and lipid peroxidation between plant groups under each treatment were examined. We found that both endophyte species significantly improved morphological and physiological traits, including plant height, number of shoots, photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, and transpiration, in C. quinoa in response to salt, but optimal physiological responses were observed in E1E2+ plants. Under saline conditions, endophyte inoculation improved SOD, APX, and POD activity by over 50%, and phenolic content by approximately 30%, with optimal enzymatic responses again observed in E1E2+ plants. Lipid peroxidation was significantly lower in inoculated plants than in non-inoculated plants. Results demonstrate that both endophyte species enhanced the ability of C. quinoa to cope with salt stress by improving antioxidative enzyme and non-enzyme systems. In general, both FE species interacting in tandem yielded better morphological, physiological, and biochemical responses to salinity in quinoa than inoculation by a single species in isolation. Our study highlights the importance of stress-adapted FE as a biological agent for mitigating abiotic stress in crop plants.
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Fernando K, Reddy P, Guthridge KM, Spangenberg GC, Rochfort SJ. A Metabolomic Study of Epichloë Endophytes for Screening Antifungal Metabolites. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12010037. [PMID: 35050159 PMCID: PMC8781816 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12010037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Epichloë endophytes, fungal endosymbionts of Pooidae grasses, are commonly utilized in forage and turf industries because they produce beneficial metabolites that enhance resistance against environmental stressors such as insect feeding and disease caused by phytopathogen infection. In pastoral agriculture, phytopathogenic diseases impact both pasture quality and animal production. Recently, bioactive endophyte strains have been reported to secrete compounds that significantly inhibit the growth of phytopathogenic fungi in vitro. A screen of previously described Epichloë-produced antifeedant and toxic alkaloids determined that the antifungal bioactivity observed is not due to the production of these known metabolites, and so there is a need for methods to identify new bioactive metabolites. The process described here is applicable more generally for the identification of antifungals in new endophytes. This study aims to characterize the fungicidal potential of novel, ‘animal friendly’ Epichloë endophyte strains NEA12 and NEA23 that exhibit strong antifungal activity using an in vitro assay. Bioassay-guided fractionation, followed by metabolite analysis, identified 61 metabolites that, either singly or in combination, are responsible for the observed bioactivity. Analysis of the perennial ryegrass-endophyte symbiota confirmed that NEA12 and NEA23 produce the prospective antifungal metabolites in symbiotic association and thus are candidates for compounds that promote disease resistance in planta. The “known unknown” suite of antifungal metabolites identified in this study are potential biomarkers for the selection of strains that enhance pasture and turf production through better disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishni Fernando
- AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Agriculture Victoria, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia; (K.F.); (P.R.); (K.M.G.); (G.C.S.)
- School of Applied Systems Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Priyanka Reddy
- AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Agriculture Victoria, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia; (K.F.); (P.R.); (K.M.G.); (G.C.S.)
| | - Kathryn M. Guthridge
- AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Agriculture Victoria, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia; (K.F.); (P.R.); (K.M.G.); (G.C.S.)
| | - German C. Spangenberg
- AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Agriculture Victoria, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia; (K.F.); (P.R.); (K.M.G.); (G.C.S.)
- School of Applied Systems Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Simone J. Rochfort
- AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Agriculture Victoria, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia; (K.F.); (P.R.); (K.M.G.); (G.C.S.)
- School of Applied Systems Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-390327110
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Fernando K, Reddy P, Spangenberg GC, Rochfort SJ, Guthridge KM. Metabolic Potential of Epichloë Endophytes for Host Grass Fungal Disease Resistance. Microorganisms 2021; 10:64. [PMID: 35056512 PMCID: PMC8781568 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10010064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Asexual species of the genus Epichloë (Clavicipitaceae, Ascomycota) form endosymbiotic associations with Pooidae grasses. This association is important both ecologically and to the pasture and turf industries, as the endophytic fungi confer a multitude of benefits to their host plant that improve competitive ability and performance such as growth promotion, abiotic stress tolerance, pest deterrence and increased host disease resistance. Biotic stress tolerance conferred by the production of bioprotective metabolites has a critical role in an industry context. While the known antimammalian and insecticidal toxins are well characterized due to their impact on livestock welfare, antimicrobial metabolites are less studied. Both pasture and turf grasses are challenged by many phytopathogenic diseases that result in significant economic losses and impact livestock health. Further investigations of Epichloë endophytes as natural biocontrol agents can be conducted on strains that are safe for animals. With the additional benefits of possessing host disease resistance, these strains would increase their commercial importance. Field reports have indicated that pasture grasses associated with Epichloë endophytes are superior in resisting fungal pathogens. However, only a few antifungal compounds have been identified and chemically characterized, and these from sexual (pathogenic) Epichloë species, rather than those utilized to enhance performance in turf and pasture industries. This review provides insight into the various strategies reported in identifying antifungal activity from Epichloë endophytes and, where described, the associated antifungal metabolites responsible for the activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishni Fernando
- Agriculture Victoria, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia; (K.F.); (P.R.); (G.C.S.); (S.J.R.)
- School of Applied Systems Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Priyanka Reddy
- Agriculture Victoria, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia; (K.F.); (P.R.); (G.C.S.); (S.J.R.)
| | - German C. Spangenberg
- Agriculture Victoria, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia; (K.F.); (P.R.); (G.C.S.); (S.J.R.)
- School of Applied Systems Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Simone J. Rochfort
- Agriculture Victoria, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia; (K.F.); (P.R.); (G.C.S.); (S.J.R.)
- School of Applied Systems Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Kathryn M. Guthridge
- Agriculture Victoria, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia; (K.F.); (P.R.); (G.C.S.); (S.J.R.)
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Li Y, Kang Z, Zhang X, Sun P, Jiang X, Han Z. The mycorrhizal fungi of Cymbidium promote the growth of Dendrobiumofficinale by increasing environmental stress tolerance. PeerJ 2021; 9:e12555. [PMID: 34963822 PMCID: PMC8656386 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendrobium officinale is a medicinal herbal plant with important health care value and high demand. Due to its slow growth and scarcity in nature, its yield depends on intensified cultivation while biotic and abiotic stresses were important factors that causes production loss. Orchidaceae can form association with rhizoctonias collectively, and studies have found that some orchids showed a high level of strain-species specificity to orchid mycorrhizal fungi (OMF), yet the specificity of OMF on D. officinale needs to explored. In this study, the effects on D. officinale of four OMF isolated from Cymbidium were tested. The obviously higher mass yield of the treated plants in medium and pots indicated the growth promotion effect of the fungi. Furthermore, an abiotic stress test indicated stronger drought tolerance among the treated plants. For the biotic stress test, two root rot pathogens, Fusarium solani and Fusarium graminearum , were isolated and identified from root rot of D. officinale. In an in vitro inhibition test, the four OMF could resist the growth of these pathogens. In vivo studies showed that these four OMF could improve the survival rate and fresh weight and decrease the root rot rate of pathogen-inoculated seedlings. The four OMF namely; Hyphomycete sp., Umbelopsis sp., Ceratorhiza sp. and Ceratorhiza sp. are compatible strains for improving the growth rate of D. officinale by increasing its environmental stress tolerance, providing an effective way to supply resources through artificial reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Li
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhihua Kang
- Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Xia Zhang
- Suqian Forest Pest Quarantine Control Station, Suqian, China
| | - Ping Sun
- Jiangsu Aosaikang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaohui Jiang
- Garden Bureau, Management Committee of Huangshan Scenic Area, Huangshan, China
| | - Zhengmin Han
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
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Agoussar A, Azarbad H, Tremblay J, Yergeau É. The resistance of the wheat microbial community to water stress is more influenced by plant compartment than reduced water availability. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2021; 97:6427345. [PMID: 34791186 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiab149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Drought is a serious menace to agriculture across the world. However, it is still not clear how this will affect crop-associated microbial communities. Here, we experimentally manipulated precipitation in the field for two years and compared the bacterial communities associated with leaves, roots, and rhizosphere soils of two different wheat genotypes. The bacterial 16S rRNA gene was amplified and sequenced, while 542 microorganisms were isolated and screened for their tolerance to osmotic stress. The bacterial community was not significantly affected by the precipitation manipulation treatments but differed drastically from one plant compartment to the other. Forty-four isolates, mostly bacteria, showed high levels of resistance to osmotic stress by growing in liquid medium supplemented with 30% polyethylene glycol. The Actinobacteria were overrepresented among these isolates, and in contrast to our expectation, precipitation treatments did not influence the odds of isolating osmotic stress-resistant bacteria. However, the odds were significantly higher in the leaves as compared to the roots, the rhizosphere, or the seeds. Our results suggest that isolation efforts for wheat-compatible water stress resistant bacteria should be targeted at the leaf endosphere and that short-term experimental manipulation of precipitation does not result in a more resistant community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaâ Agoussar
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut national de la recherche scientifique, 531 boulevard des Prairies, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Hamed Azarbad
- Department of Biology, Philipps-University Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 8, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Julien Tremblay
- Energy, Mining and Environment, National Research Council Canada, 6100 avenue Royalmount, Montreal, QC H4P 2R2, Canada
| | - Étienne Yergeau
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut national de la recherche scientifique, 531 boulevard des Prairies, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada
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Liu B, Jing D, Liu F, Ma H, Liu X, Peng L. Serendipita indica alleviates drought stress responses in walnut (Juglans regia L.) seedlings by stimulating osmotic adjustment and antioxidant defense system. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:8951-8968. [PMID: 34735609 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11653-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Juglans regia L. is a good host for Serendipita indica. Under drought condition, seedlings colonized with S. indica showed higher values in plant height, total fresh biomass, root/shoot ratio, relative growth rate, leaf relative water content and chlorophyll content, gas exchange parameters, maximal photochemical efficiency, photochemical quenching, and effective photosystem II quantum yield than the uncolonized seedlings. It suggested beneficial effects of S. indica on host plants' growth and physiological parameters in response to drought. In comparison with the uncolonized seedlings, S. indica-colonized seedlings showed lower levels in hydrogen peroxide, superoxide anion, malondialdehyde, and relative electrical conductivity under drought condition, suggesting the ability of S. indica to prevent or retard the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and to diminish the oxidative injure. Furthermore, walnut seedlings responded to drought by actively accumulating osmotic regulation substances including soluble protein, soluble sugar, and proline. Root colonization with S. indica was more conductive to the accumulation. Moreover, in response to drought stress, walnut seedlings, regardless of colonization, increased activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, dehydroascorbate reductase, monodehydroascorbate reductase, and glutathione reductase, levels of ascorbate and glutathione, and ratios of reduced ascorbate/dehydroascorbic acid and reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione in leaves and roots. S. indica colonization induced much more increase in the abovementioned indicators as compared to the uncolonized seedlings. Overall, S. indica colonization alleviated the detrimental effects of drought stress by altering root system, enhancing osmotic adjustment, and repressing the accumulation of reactive oxygen species via stimulating antioxidant system including enzymatic and nonenzymatic components. KEY POINTS: • S. indica stimulated root growth of walnut seedlings under drought condition. • S. indica accelerated osmotic adjustment under drought condition. • S. indica activated antioxidant defense mechanism under drought condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binghua Liu
- Shandong Academy of Forestry, 42, East Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China. .,Economic Forest Products Quality Inspection Test Center of State Forestry Administration (Jinan), Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China.
| | - Dawei Jing
- Dezhou University, Dezhou, 253023, Shandong, China
| | - Fangchun Liu
- Shandong Academy of Forestry, 42, East Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China.,Shandong Engineering Research Center for Ecological Restoration of Forest Vegetation, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Hailin Ma
- Shandong Academy of Forestry, 42, East Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China.,Shandong Engineering Research Center for Ecological Restoration of Forest Vegetation, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Xinghong Liu
- Shandong Academy of Forestry, 42, East Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Lin Peng
- Shandong Academy of Forestry, 42, East Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China
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Azevedo RP, Alves NM, Costa IA, Domingues MIS, Bandória NDA, de Figueiredo UJ, de Medeiros FHV, Silva BM, Cardoso PG. Endophytic Fungi Assures Tropical Forage Grass Growth by Water Stress Tolerances. Curr Microbiol 2021; 78:4060-4071. [PMID: 34636936 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-021-02672-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Forage plants is the base of beef and dairy cattle production. While water stress limits agricultural production worldwide, endophytic fungi can play a beneficial role for plants, such as tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of inoculation of the endophytic fungi Paraconiothyrium estuarinum (CML 3695, CML 3696, CML 3699) and Paraconiothyrium cyclothyrioides (CML 3697, CML 3698) on agronomic characteristics of two forage species, Brachiaria brizantha (A. Rich) Stapf. cv. Marandu and Megathyrsus maximus Jacq. cv. BRS Mombaça, under different available water capacities. The treatments simulated a long drought period (LDH) equivalent to 10% of the available water capacity (AWC) and simulated 7 (7 DH) and 14 days of drought (14 DH) without water supply. The grasses were evaluated for length and dry weight of shoots and roots. All treatments reached humidity below the permanent wilting point (PWP) and the highest variation in soil moisture was observed at 14 DH, for both grass species. The endophytic fungi promoted an average 15% increase in shoot length (SL) for B. brizantha and an increase of 34% for SL, 266% for Dry Shoot Mass (SDM), and 340% for Dry Root Mass (RDM) for M. maximus treated with P. estuarinum (CML 3699) at 7 DH. Paraconiothyrium estuarinum (CML 3699) guaranteed the highest tolerance to water deficit and sustainable growth performance to both tested grasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Passaglia Azevedo
- Departamento de Ciência do Solo, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, 37200-900, Brazil
| | - Natálie Martins Alves
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, 37200-900, Brazil
| | - Ingrid Araújo Costa
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, 37200-900, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Bruno Montoani Silva
- Departamento de Ciência do Solo, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, 37200-900, Brazil.
| | - Patrícia Gomes Cardoso
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, 37200-900, Brazil
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Żurek G, Wiewióra B, Rybka K, Prokopiuk K. Different response of perennial ryegrass-Epichloë endophyte symbiota to the elevated concentration of heavy metals in soil. J Appl Genet 2021; 63:47-59. [PMID: 34546560 PMCID: PMC8755660 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-021-00661-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The phenomenon of plant mutualistic symbiosis with microbes may have a positive effect on the improvement of plant tolerance to environmental stresses as well as on the ability of plants to accumulate heavy metal (HM) ions from soil. The influence of Epichloë fungal endophyte (Ascomycota, Clavicipitaceae) on perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) plants grown in the presence of elevated concentrations of HM ions (Cd2+, Pb2+, and Cu2+) in soil was studied. The presence of Epichloë in the host grass tissues resulted in different accumulation of HM ions in the aboveground parts of the plants. In some cases, endophyte infection positively affected ryegrass ability to accumulate HM ions from soil. In plants with (E +) and without (E -) endophytes, the hormesis effect was induced by the elevated concentration of Cu2+ ions, resulting in better growth and photosynthesis, as examined by measurements of Chl a fluorescence. The obtained results indicate that based on the laboratory evaluation of the efficiency of HM accumulation, we were able to choose the best associations of perennial ryegrass with endophytes for HM phytoremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Żurek
- Department of Grasses, Legumes and Energy Plants, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute National Research Institute, Radzików, Poland
| | - Barbara Wiewióra
- Department of Seed Science and Technology, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute National Research Institute, Radzików, Poland.
| | - Krystyna Rybka
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute National Research Institute, Radzików, Poland
| | - Kamil Prokopiuk
- Department of Grasses, Legumes and Energy Plants, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute National Research Institute, Radzików, Poland
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The Potential Application of Endophytes in Management of Stress from Drought and Salinity in Crop Plants. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9081729. [PMID: 34442808 PMCID: PMC8398416 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9081729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Endophytic microorganisms present inside the host plant play an essential role in host fitness, nutrient supply and stress tolerance. Endophytes are often used in sustainable agriculture as biofertilizers, biopesticides and as inoculants to mitigate abiotic stresses including salinity, drought, cold and pH variation in the soil. In changing climatic conditions, abiotic stresses create global challenges to achieve optimum crop yields in agricultural production. Plants experience stress conditions that involve endogenous boosting of their immune system or the overexpression of their defensive redox regulatory systems with increased reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, rising stress factors overwhelm the natural redox protection systems of plants, which leads to massive internal oxidative damage and death. Endophytes are an integral internal partner of hosts and have been shown to mitigate abiotic stresses via modulating local or systemic mechanisms and producing antioxidants to counteract ROS in plants. Advancements in omics and other technologies have been made, but potential application of endophytes remains largely unrealized. In this review article, we will discuss the diversity, population and interaction of endophytes with crop plants as well as potential applications in abiotic stress management.
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Khalmuratova I, Choi DH, Yoon HJ, Yoon TM, Kim JG. Diversity and Plant Growth Promotion of Fungal Endophytes in Five Halophytes from the Buan Salt Marsh. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 31:408-418. [PMID: 33397833 PMCID: PMC9706035 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2012.12041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The diversity and plant growth-promoting ability of fungal endophytes that are associated with five halophytic plant species (Phragmites australis, Suaeda australis, Limonium tetragonum, Suaeda glauca Bunge, and Suaeda maritima) growing in the Buan salt marsh on the west coast of South Korea have been explored. About 188 fungal strains were isolated from these plant samples' roots and were then studied with the use of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2). The endophytic fungal strains belonged to 33 genera. Alternaria (18%) and Fusarium (12.8%), of the classes Dothideomycetes and Sordariomycetes, were most rampant in the coastal salt marsh plants. There was a higher diversity in fungal endophytes that are isolated from S. glauca Bunge than in isolates from other coastal salt marsh plants. Plant growth-promoting experiments with the use of Waito-C rice seedlings show that some of the fungal strains could encourage a more efficient growth than others. Furthermore, gibberellins (GAs) GA1, GA3, and GA9 were seen in the Sa-1-4-3 isolate (Acrostalagmus luteoalbus) culture filtrate with a gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Khalmuratova
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 701-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Doo-Ho Choi
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 701-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeok-Jun Yoon
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 701-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Myung Yoon
- Department of Horticultural Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea,T.-M. Yoon E-mail :
| | - Jong-Guk Kim
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 701-701, Republic of Korea,Corresponding authors J.-G. Kim Phone: +82-53-950-5379 Fax: +82-53-955-5379 E-mail:
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Ababutain IM, Aldosary SK, Aljuraifani AA, Alghamdi AI, Alabdalall AH, Al-Khaldi EM, Aldakeel SA, Almandil NB, AbdulAzeez S, Borgio JF. Identification and Antibacterial Characterization of Endophytic Fungi from Artemisia sieberi. Int J Microbiol 2021; 2021:6651020. [PMID: 33747087 PMCID: PMC7960065 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6651020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Endophytic fungi serve as a reservoir for important secondary metabolites. The current study focused on the antibacterial properties of endophytic fungi isolated from Artemisia sieberi. Initially, six endophytic fungi were isolated and purified from the stem of A. sieberi. Endophytic fungi were identified by morphological characteristics, as well as by molecular identification using 18S rRNA gene sequencing method. All the six isolates were subjected to the preliminary screening for their antibacterial activity against nine important pathogenic bacteria using the disk-diffusion method. Crude extracts of the most active isolate were obtained using ethyl acetate. Antibacterial activity of the ethyl acetate extract was evaluated using well diffusion method on the selected isolate. The antibacterial efficiency of the selected isolate was evaluated by determining the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC). MIC values were in appreciable quantity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria ranging from 3.125 to 6.25 µg/mL and 12.5 to 50 µg/mL, respectively. This result indicated that Gram-positive bacteria were more susceptible to the endophytic fungi extract. Moreover, the molecular identification results revealed that all the isolates belong to Ascomycota and represented Aspergillus and Penicillium genera and three species: A. oryzae (three isolates), A. niger (one isolate), and P. chrysogenum (two isolates). All six endophytic fungi were able to inhibit the growth of at least two of the tested bacteria. Among the isolated strains, isolate AS2, which identified as P. chrysogenum, exhibited the highest antibacterial activity against all nine tested bacteria and was higher than or equal to the positive control against most of the tested bacteria. Future studies are required to isolate and identify these bioactive substances, which can be considered as a potential source for the synthesis of new antibacterial drugs to treat infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibtisam Mohammed Ababutain
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
- Basic & Applied Scientific Research Center (BASRC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sahar Khamees Aldosary
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
- Basic & Applied Scientific Research Center (BASRC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal Abdulaziz Aljuraifani
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
- Basic & Applied Scientific Research Center (BASRC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Azzah Ibrahim Alghamdi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
- Basic & Applied Scientific Research Center (BASRC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amira Hassan Alabdalall
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
- Basic & Applied Scientific Research Center (BASRC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eida Marshid Al-Khaldi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
- Basic & Applied Scientific Research Center (BASRC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sumayh A. Aldakeel
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noor B. Almandil
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sayed AbdulAzeez
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - J. Francis Borgio
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Epidemic Diseases Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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Hamann E, Denney D, Day S, Lombardi E, Jameel MI, MacTavish R, Anderson JT. Review: Plant eco-evolutionary responses to climate change: Emerging directions. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 304:110737. [PMID: 33568289 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Contemporary climate change is exposing plant populations to novel combinations of temperatures, drought stress, [CO2] and other abiotic and biotic conditions. These changes are rapidly disrupting the evolutionary dynamics of plants. Despite the multifactorial nature of climate change, most studies typically manipulate only one climatic factor. In this opinion piece, we explore how climate change factors interact with each other and with biotic pressures to alter evolutionary processes. We evaluate the ramifications of climate change across life history stages,and examine how mating system variation influences population persistence under rapid environmental change. Furthermore, we discuss how spatial and temporal mismatches between plants and their mutualists and antagonists could affect adaptive responses to climate change. For example, plant-virus interactions vary from highly pathogenic to mildly facilitative, and are partly mediated by temperature, moisture availability and [CO2]. Will host plants exposed to novel, stressful abiotic conditions be more susceptible to viral pathogens? Finally, we propose novel experimental approaches that could illuminate how plants will cope with unprecedented global change, such as resurrection studies combined with experimental evolution, genomics or epigenetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Hamann
- Department of Genetics and Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Derek Denney
- Department of Genetics and Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Samantha Day
- Department of Genetics and Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Elizabeth Lombardi
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - M Inam Jameel
- Department of Genetics and Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Rachel MacTavish
- Department of Genetics and Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Jill T Anderson
- Department of Genetics and Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
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Wiewióra B, Żurek G. The Response of the Associations of Grass and Epichloë Endophytes to the Increased Content of Heavy Metals in the Soil. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:429. [PMID: 33668289 PMCID: PMC7996287 DOI: 10.3390/plants10030429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The rapid development of civilization increases the area of land exposed to the accumulation of toxic compounds, including heavy metals, both in water and soil. Endophytic fungi associated with many species of grasses are related to the resistance of plants to biotic and abiotic stresses, which include heavy metals. This paper reviews different aspects of symbiotic interactions between grass species and fungal endophytes from the genera Epichloë with special attention paid to the elevated concentration of heavy metals in growing substrates. The evidence shows the high resistance variation of plant endophyte symbiosis on the heavy metals in soil outcome. The fungal endophytes confer high heavy metal tolerance, which is the key feature in its practical application with their host plants, i.e., grasses in phytoremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Wiewióra
- Department of Seed Science and Technology, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute-NRI, Radzików, 05-870 Błonie, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Żurek
- Department of Grasses, Legumes and Energy Plants, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute-NRI, Radzików, 05-870 Błonie, Poland;
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Diversity, community composition, and bioactivity of cultivable fungal endophytes in saline and dry soils in deserts. FUNGAL ECOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2020.101019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Zhang X, Xu Z, Ma J, Zhou D, Xu J. Phylogenetic Diversity, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Potential and Identification of Bioactive Compounds from Culturable Endophytic Fungi Associated with Mangrove Bruguiera sexangula (Lour.) Poir. Curr Microbiol 2021; 78:479-489. [PMID: 33386937 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-020-02314-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A total of 96 isolates were obtained from 375 segments, isolated from the healthy roots, stems, leaves, hypocotyls and flowers of Bruguiera sexangula (Lour.) Poir. collected at the Dong Zhai Gang Mangrove Garden on Hainan Island, and 20 independent representative isolates were identified using a combination of morphological and molecular approaches. The most frequent endophytic fungal species isolated were Diaporthe phaseolorum (relative frequency = 31.2%). The Shannon-Wiener diversity and Simpson's diversity index both showed that stems possessed the highest diversity compared to the other tissues estimated. Ethyl acetate extracts and the isolated metabolites were tested for antimicrobial activity using the serial dilution technique and for antioxidant activity using 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonicacid) (ABTS) radical-scavenging capacity assays, respectively. The fungal isolate HL18 (Gelasinospora endodonta) cultured on Czapek's agar (CA) displayed a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activities and was significantly active against Escherichia coli (MIC = 0.0625 mg ml-1). Antioxidant assays showed that most of the fungal isolates (60.0%) exhibited some degree of antioxidant capacity (%RSA > 50%). The stain HL14 (Pestalotiopsis mangiferae) grown on potato dextrose agar (PDA) exhibited the highest DPPH and ABTS radical-scavenging capability with IC50 values of 0.717 ± 0.012 mg ml-1 and 0.787 ± 0.027 mg ml-1, respectively. Furthermore, five known secondary metabolites 1-5 were isolated and identified from HL-14. Compounds 1 and 5 exhibited weak antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Tropical Island Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Tropical Island Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, People's Republic of China.,School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiankun Ma
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Tropical Island Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongdong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Tropical Island Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Tropical Island Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, People's Republic of China. .,School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, People's Republic of China.
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Decunta FA, Pérez LI, Malinowski DP, Molina-Montenegro MA, Gundel PE. A Systematic Review on the Effects of Epichloë Fungal Endophytes on Drought Tolerance in Cool-Season Grasses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:644731. [PMID: 33841472 PMCID: PMC8025668 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.644731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Symptomless fungal endophytes in the genus Epichloë are repeatedly mentioned to increase tolerance of cool-season grasses to a wide range of environmental stress factors, mainly drought. However, the generality of this idea is challenged because (i) most studies have been conducted on two economically important forage grasses {tall fescue [Festuca arundinacea (Schreb.) Dumort] and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.)}, (ii) endophyte-mediated mechanisms and effects on plant responses to drought have shown to be highly variable across species, and that (iii) symbiosis incidence in plant populations occurring in extremely arid environments is usually low. We question this idea by reviewing the existing information about Epichloë fungal endophyte effects on drought tolerance in cool-season grasses. We combined standard review, vote counting, and calculation of effect sizes to synthesize the literature, identify information gaps, and guide future research. The total number of studies was higher for domesticated than for wild species, a ratio that was balanced when papers with data quality for effect size calculus were considered. After the drought, endophyte-infected plants accumulated more aboveground and belowground biomass than non-infected counterparts, while no effect on tillering was observed. However, these effects remained significant for wild (even on tillering) but not for domesticated species. Interestingly, despite the continuous effort in determining physiological mechanisms behind the endophyte effects, no studies evaluated plant fecundity as a measure of ecological fitness nor vital rates (such as survival) as to escalate individual-level variables to population. Together with the high variability in results, our work shows that generalizing a positive effect of fungal endophytes in plant tolerance to drought may be misleading. Future studies combining field surveys with manipulative experiments would allow us to unravel the role of fungal endophytes in plant adaptation by considering the evolutionary history of species and populations to the different ecological contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Facundo A. Decunta
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura (IFEVA), Facultad de Agronomía, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- *Correspondence: Facundo A. Decunta
| | - Luis I. Pérez
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura (IFEVA), Facultad de Agronomía, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Marco A. Molina-Montenegro
- Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
- Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios Avanzados del Maule (CIEAM), Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Pedro E. Gundel
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura (IFEVA), Facultad de Agronomía, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
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Rani M, Jogawat A, Loha A. Sugar Transporters in Plant–Fungal Symbiosis. Fungal Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-60659-6_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Alam B, Lǐ J, Gě Q, Khan MA, Gōng J, Mehmood S, Yuán Y, Gǒng W. Endophytic Fungi: From Symbiosis to Secondary Metabolite Communications or Vice Versa? FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:791033. [PMID: 34975976 PMCID: PMC8718612 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.791033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Endophytic fungi (EF) are a group of fascinating host-associated fungal communities that colonize the intercellular or intracellular spaces of host tissues, providing beneficial effects to their hosts while gaining advantages. In recent decades, accumulated research on endophytic fungi has revealed their biodiversity, wide-ranging ecological distribution, and multidimensional interactions with host plants and other microbiomes in the symbiotic continuum. In this review, we highlight the role of secondary metabolites (SMs) as effectors in these multidimensional interactions, and the biosynthesis of SMs in symbiosis via complex gene expression regulation mechanisms in the symbiotic continuum and via the mimicry or alteration of phytochemical production in host plants. Alternative biological applications of SMs in modern medicine, agriculture, and industry and their major classes are also discussed. This review recapitulates an introduction to the research background, progress, and prospects of endophytic biology, and discusses problems and substantive challenges that need further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beena Alam
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Biological and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, The Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Jùnwén Lǐ
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Biological and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, The Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Qún Gě
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Biological and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, The Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Mueen Alam Khan
- Department of Plant Breeding & Genetics, University College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur (IUB), Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Jǔwǔ Gōng
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Biological and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, The Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Shahid Mehmood
- Biotechnology Research Institute (BRI), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yǒulù Yuán
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Biological and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, The Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
- *Correspondence: Wànkuí Gǒng,
| | - Wànkuí Gǒng
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Biological and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, The Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
- Yǒulù Yuán,
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Khati P, Mishra PK, Parihar M, Singh AK, Bisht JK, Pattanayak A. Drought Stress Tolerance: An Insight to Resistance Mechanism and Adaptation in Plants. MICROBES AND SIGNALING BIOMOLECULES AGAINST PLANT STRESS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-7094-0_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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49
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Plant Growth-Promoting Endophytic Fungi from Different Habitats and Their Potential Applications in Agriculture. Fungal Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-60659-6_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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50
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Soil Microbiome Manipulation Gives New Insights in Plant Disease-Suppressive Soils from the Perspective of a Circular Economy: A Critical Review. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su13010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This review pays attention to the newest insights on the soil microbiome in plant disease-suppressive soil (DSS) for sustainable plant health management from the perspective of a circular economy that provides beneficial microbiota by recycling agro-wastes into the soil. In order to increase suppression of soil-borne plant pathogens, the main goal of this paper is to critically discuss and compare the potential use of reshaped soil microbiomes by assembling different agricultural practices such as crop selection; land use and conservative agriculture; crop rotation, diversification, intercropping and cover cropping; compost and chitosan application; and soil pre-fumigation combined with organic amendments and bio-organic fertilizers. This review is seen mostly as a comprehensive understanding of the main findings regarding DSS, starting from the oldest concepts to the newest challenges, based on the assumption that sustainability for soil quality and plant health is increasingly viable and supported by microbiome-assisted strategies based on the next-generation sequencing (NGS) methods that characterize in depth the soil bacterial and fungal communities. This approach, together with the virtuous reuse of agro-wastes to produce in situ green composts and organic bio-fertilizers, is the best way to design new sustainable cropping systems in a circular economy system. The current knowledge on soil-borne pathogens and soil microbiota is summarized. How microbiota determine soil suppression and what NGS strategies are available to understand soil microbiomes in DSS are presented. Disturbance of soil microbiota based on combined agricultural practices is deeply considered. Sustainable soil microbiome management by recycling in situ agro-wastes is presented. Afterwards, how the resulting new insights can drive the progress in sustainable microbiome-based disease management is discussed.
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