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Luiro K, Auvinen AM, Auvinen J, Jokelainen J, Järvelä I, Knip M, Tapanainen JS. Autoantibodies predict type 1 diabetes after gestational diabetes - a 23-year cohort study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1286375. [PMID: 38192417 PMCID: PMC10773701 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1286375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To study the predictive value of autoantibodies for type 1 (T1DM) and type 2 (T2DM) diabetes morbidity after gestational diabetes (GDM) in a 23-year follow-up study. Design Prospective population-based cohort study. Methods We studied 391 women with GDM, and 391 age- and parity-matched controls, who delivered in 1984-1994. Four autoantibodies were analysed in first-trimester blood samples: islet cell autoantibodies (ICAs), glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibodies (GADAs), insulin autoantibodies (IAAs) and insulinoma-associated antigen-2 autoantibodies (IA-2As). Two follow-up questionnaires (1995-1996, 2012-2013) were sent to assess development of T1DM and T2DM. Predictive value of autoantibodies and clinical factors were analysed by conditional linear regression and ROC analyses. Results Single autoantibody positivity was detected in 12% (41/342) of the GDM cohort and in 2.3% (8/353) of the control cohort. In the GDM cohort, 2.6% (9/342) tested positive for two autoantibodies and 2.3% (8/342) for three autoantibodies, whereas only one subject in the control cohort had two autoantibodies. ICA positivity was found in 12.5% of the cases, followed by GADA (6.0%), IA-2A (4.9%) and IAA (1.2%). In the control cohort, GADA positivity was found in 1.4%, IA-2A in 0.8%, IAA in 0.6%, and ICA in 0.3% of the subjects. Detection of ICA, GADA and/or IA-2A autoantibodies decreased T1DM-free survival time and time to diagnosis. All subjects with three positive autoantibodies developed T1DM within seven years from the GDM pregnancy. Development of T2DM after GDM occurred independent of autoantibody positivity. Conclusion Development of T1DM can be reliably predicted with GADA and ICA autoantibodies during early pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaisu Luiro
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna-Maaria Auvinen
- Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Juha Auvinen
- Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Research Unit of Population Health, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jari Jokelainen
- Northern Finland Birth Cohorts, Infrastructure for Population Studies, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Ilkka Järvelä
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mikael Knip
- Pediatric Research Center, New Children’s Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Tampere Center for Child Health Research, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Juha S. Tapanainen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, HFR – Cantonal Hospital of Fribourg and University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
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Thakur A, Agrawal S, Chakole S, Wandile B. A Critical Review of Diagnostic Strategies and Maternal Offspring Complications in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Cureus 2023; 15:e51016. [PMID: 38264369 PMCID: PMC10804211 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.51016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a complex and significant health concern affecting pregnant individuals and their offspring. This review provides a comprehensive examination of GDM, focusing on diagnostic strategies and the associated maternal and offspring complications. We delve into the challenges and controversies surrounding GDM diagnosis, including the variability in diagnostic criteria, diagnostic accuracy and reproducibility issues, ethical considerations, and the influence of ethnicity and genetics. Maternal complications, such as preeclampsia, cesarean sections, long-term health implications, and neonatal complications like macrosomia, hypoglycemia, and respiratory distress syndrome, are explored in detail. Additionally, we investigate the long-term risks of childhood obesity and type 2 diabetes in offspring and potential cognitive and developmental outcomes. This review underscores the critical importance of early detection and effective management of GDM, the need for standardized diagnostic criteria, personalized care plans, and the ongoing pursuit of research to enhance our understanding of this complex condition. GDM remains a dynamic field where ongoing innovation and research promise to improve the health outcomes of pregnant individuals and their children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arya Thakur
- Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Suyash Agrawal
- Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Swarupa Chakole
- Community Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Bhushan Wandile
- Nursing, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
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Henao-Pabon G, Gao N, Prasad KS, Li X. Direct Electron Transfer of Glucose Oxidase on Pre-Anodized Paper/Carbon Electrodes Modified through Zero-Length Cross-Linkers for Glucose Biosensors. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:bios13050566. [PMID: 37232927 DOI: 10.3390/bios13050566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A disposable paper-based glucose biosensor with direct electron transfer (DET) of glucose oxidase (GOX) was developed through simple covalent immobilization of GOX on a carbon electrode surface using zero-length cross-linkers. This glucose biosensor exhibited a high electron transfer rate (ks, 3.363 s-1) as well as good affinity (km, 0.03 mM) for GOX while keeping innate enzymatic activities. Furthermore, the DET-based glucose detection was accomplished by employing both square wave voltammetry and chronoamperometric techniques, and it achieved a glucose detection range from 5.4 mg/dL to 900 mg/dL, which is wider than most commercially available glucometers. This low-cost DET glucose biosensor showed remarkable selectivity, and the use of the negative operating potential avoided interference from other common electroactive compounds. It has great potential to monitor different stages of diabetes from hypoglycemic to hyperglycemic states, especially for self-monitoring of blood glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilberto Henao-Pabon
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Ave, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Ning Gao
- Independent Researcher, 206 Via Morella, Encinitas, CA 92024, USA
| | - K Sudhakara Prasad
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Ave, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
- Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya University, Mangalore 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - XiuJun Li
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Ave, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Ave, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
- Forensic Science & Environmental Science and Engineering, 500 W University Ave, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
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4
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Shipton E, Meloncelli N, D'Emden M, McIntyre HD, Callaway L, Barnett A, de Jersey S. Gestational diabetes screening from the perspective of consumers: Insights from early in the COVID-19 pandemic and opportunities to optimise experiences. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 2023; 63:154-162. [PMID: 35962529 DOI: 10.1111/ajo.13600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Consumer perspectives are a cornerstone of value-based healthcare. Screening and diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) were among many of the rapid changes to health care recommended during the COVID-19 pandemic. The changes provided a unique opportunity to add information about women's perspectives on the debate on GDM screening. AIMS The aim of this qualitative study was to explore women's perspectives and understanding of GDM screening and diagnosis comparing the modified COVID-19 recommendations to standard GDM screening and diagnostic practices. METHODS Women who had experienced both the standard and modified GDM screening and diagnostic processes were recruited for telephone interviews. Data analysis used inductive reflexive thematic analysis. Online surveys were disseminated to any registrant not included in interviews to provide an opportunity for all interested participants to provide their perspective. RESULTS Twenty-nine telephone interviews were conducted and 19 survey responses were received. Seven themes were determined: (1) information provision from clinicians; (2) acceptability of GDM screening; (3) individualisation of GDM screening methods; (4) safety nets to avoid a missed diagnosis; (5) informed decision making; (6) women want information and evidence; and (7) preferred GDM screening methods for the future. CONCLUSIONS Overall, women preferred the modified GDM screening recommendations put in place due to the COVID-19 pandemic. However, their preference was influenced by their prior screening experience and perception of personal risk profile. Women expressed a strong need for clear communication from health professionals and the opportunity to be active participants in decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Shipton
- Women's and Newborn Services Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Metro North Hospital and Health Service, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nina Meloncelli
- Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Clinical Research and Perinatal Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Michael D'Emden
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - H David McIntyre
- Mater Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Leonie Callaway
- Women's and Newborn Services Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Metro North Hospital and Health Service, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Clinical Research and Perinatal Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Adrian Barnett
- Australian Centre for Health Services Innovation and Centre for Healthcare Transformation, School of Public Health & Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Susan de Jersey
- Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Clinical Research and Perinatal Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Metro North Hospital and Health Service, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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5
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Karami M, Mousavi SH, Rafiee M, Heidari R, Shahrokhi SZ. Biochemical and molecular biomarkers: unraveling their role in gestational diabetes mellitus. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2023; 15:5. [PMID: 36631877 PMCID: PMC9832639 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-023-00980-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the most prevalent metabolic disorder during pregnancy, causing short- and long-term complications for both mother and baby. GDM is a multifactorial disease, and it may be affected by interactions between genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. However, the exact etiology is poorly understood. Despite the high prevalence of GDM, there is still debate regarding the optimal time for screening, the diagnostic threshold to apply, and the best strategies for treatment. Identifying effective strategies for therapeutic purposes as well as accurate biomarkers for prognostic and diagnostic purposes will reduce the GDM incidence and improve its management. In recent years, new biochemical and molecular biomarkers such as microRNAs, single-nucleotide polymorphisms, and DNA methylation have received great interest in the diagnosis of GDM. In this review, we discuss current and future diagnostic approaches for the detection of GDM and evaluate lifestyle and pharmacological strategies for GDM prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Karami
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyyed Hossein Mousavi
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rafiee
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Reza Heidari
- Medical Biotechnology Research Center, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Research Center for Cancer Screening and Epidemiology, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Zahra Shahrokhi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Bashir MM, Ahmed LA, Elbarazi I, Loney T, Al-Rifai RH, Alkaabi JM, Al-Maskari F. Incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus in the United Arab Emirates; comparison of six diagnostic criteria: The Mutaba'ah Study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1069477. [PMID: 36578957 PMCID: PMC9791114 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1069477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background For more than half a century, there has been much research and controversies on how to accurately screen for and diagnose gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). There is a paucity of updated research among the Emirati population in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The lack of a uniform GDM diagnostic criteria results in the inability to accurately combine or compare the disease burden worldwide and locally. This study aimed to compare the incidence of GDM in the Emirati population using six diagnostic criteria for GDM. Methods The Mutaba'ah study is the largest multi-center mother and child cohort study in the UAE with an 18-year follow-up. We included singleton pregnancies from the Mutaba'ah cohort screened with the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at 24-32 weeks from May 2017 to March 2021. We excluded patients with known diabetes and with newly diagnosed diabetes. GDM cumulative incidence was determined using the six specified criteria. GDM risk factors were compared using chi-square and t-tests. Agreements among the six criteria were assessed using kappa statistics. Results A total of 2,546 women were included with a mean age of 30.5 ± 6.0 years. Mean gravidity was 3.5 ± 2.1, and mean body mass index (BMI) at booking was 27.7 ± 5.6 kg/m2. GDM incidence as diagnosed by any of the six criteria collectively was 27.1%. It ranged from 8.4% according to the EASD 1996 criteria to 21.5% according to the NICE 2015 criteria. The two most inclusive criteria were the NICE 2015 and the IADPSG criteria with GDM incidence rates of 21.5% (95% CI: 19.9, 23.1) and 21.3% (95% CI: 19.8, 23.0), respectively. Agreement between the two criteria was moderate (k = 0.66; p < 0.001). The least inclusive was the EASD 1996 criteria [8.4% (95% CI: 7.3, 9.6)]. The locally recommended IADPSG/WHO 2013 criteria had weak to moderate agreement with the other criteria, with Cohen's kappa coefficient ranging from (k = 0.51; p < 0.001) to (k = 0.71; p < 0.001). Most of the GDM risk factors assessed were significantly higher among those with GDM (p < 0.005) identified by all criteria. Conclusions The findings indicate discrepancies among the diagnostic criteria in identifying GDM cases. This emphasizes the need to unify GDM diagnostic criteria in this population to provide accurate and reliable incidence estimates for healthcare planning, especially because the agreement with the recommended criteria was not optimal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam M. Bashir
- Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Luai A. Ahmed
- Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
- Zayed Centre for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Iffat Elbarazi
- Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Tom Loney
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rami H. Al-Rifai
- Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
- Zayed Centre for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Juma M. Alkaabi
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Fatma Al-Maskari
- Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
- Zayed Centre for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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7
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Dłuski DF, Ruszała M, Rudziński G, Pożarowska K, Brzuszkiewicz K, Leszczyńska-Gorzelak B. Evolution of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus across Continents in 21st Century. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15804. [PMID: 36497880 PMCID: PMC9738915 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192315804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Over the last few decades, several definitions of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) have been described. There is currently not enough research to show which way is the best to diagnose GDM. Opinions differ in terms of the optimal screening and diagnostic measures, in part due to the differences in the population risks, the cost-effectiveness considerations, and the lack of an evidence base to support large national screening programs. The basic method for identifying the disease is the measurement of glucose plasma levels which may be determined when fasting, two hours after a meal, or simply at any random time. The currently increasing incidence of diabetes in the whole population, the altering demographics and the presence of lifestyle changes still require better methods of screening for hyperglycemia, especially during pregnancy. The main aim of this review is to focus on the prevalence and modifications to the screening criteria for GDM across all continents in the 21st century. We would like to show the differences in the above issues and correlate them with the geographical situation. Looking at the history of diabetes, we are sure that more than one evolution in GDM diagnosis will occur, due to the development of medicine, appearance of modern technologies, and the dynamic continuation of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Franciszek Dłuski
- Chair and Department of Obstetrics and Perinatology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland
| | - Monika Ruszała
- Chair and Department of Obstetrics and Perinatology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland
| | - Gracjan Rudziński
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland
| | - Kinga Pożarowska
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland
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Tehrani FR, Naz MSG, Bidhendi-Yarandi R, Behboudi-Gandevani S. Effect of Different Types of Diagnostic Criteria for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus on Adverse Neonatal Outcomes: A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, and Meta-Regression. Diabetes Metab J 2022; 46:605-619. [PMID: 35255550 PMCID: PMC9353558 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2021.0178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence supporting various diagnostic criteria for diagnose gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are consensus-based, needs for additional evidence related to outcomes. Therefore, the aim of this systematic-review and meta-analysis was to assess the impact of different GDM diagnostic-criteria on the risk of adverse-neonatal-outcomes. METHODS Electronic databases including Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Sciences were searched to retrieve English original, population-based studies with the universal GDM screening approach, up to January-2020. GDM diagnostic criteria were classified in seven groups and International Association of the Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG) was considered as reference one. We used the Mantel-Haenszel method to calculate the pooled odds of events. The possibility of publication bias was examined by Begg's test. RESULTS A total of 55 population-based studies consisting of 1,604,391 pregnant women with GDM and 7,770,855 non-GDM counterparts were included. Results showed that in all diagnostic-criteria subgroups, the risk of adverse neonatal outcomes including macrosomia, hyperbilirubinemia, respiratory distress syndrome, neonatal hypoglycemia, neonatal intensive care unit admission, preterm birth, and birth-trauma were significantly higher than the non-GDM counterparts were significantly higher than non-GDM counterparts. Meta-regression analysis revealed that the magnitude of neonatal risks in all diagnostic-criteria subgroups are similar. CONCLUSION Our results showed that the risk of adverse-neonatal-outcome increased among women with GDM, but the magnitude of risk was not different among those women who were diagnosed through more or less intensive strategies. These findings may help health-care-providers and policy-makers to select the most cost-effective approach for the screening of GDM among pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahimeh Ramezani Tehrani
- Reproductive Endocrinology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran,
Iran
| | - Marzieh Saei Ghare Naz
- Reproductive Endocrinology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran,
Iran
| | - Razieh Bidhendi-Yarandi
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran,
Iran
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9
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Wu H, Zheng X, Liu Y, Shen J, Ye M, Zhang Y. Hsa_circRNA_102682 is closely related to lipid metabolism in gestational diabetes mellitus. Gynecol Endocrinol 2022; 38:50-54. [PMID: 34665686 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2021.1991911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the relationship between circular RNA (circRNA) in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and the metabolic profile at the molecular level, and find a biological marker that can predict GDM early. METHODS A retrospective case-control study was conducted using data and samples from women treated at a hospital in China between January 10 2018 and February 20 2019. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to evaluate the expression level of hsa_circRNA_102682 in serum and analyze its correlation with lipid metabolism parameters. RESULTS Advanced age and higher pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) during pregnancy are risk factors for GDM. The expression level of hsa_circ_102682 was lower among the cases than the controls (p=.000). The levels of triglyceride, apolipoprotein A1 (APOA1), APOB, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were different between the controls and cases (p<.05). Hsa_circRNA_102682 was significantly correlated with triglycerides, APOA1, APOB, 1-h blood glucose in the serum of GDM patients, and the correlation coefficients were 0.319, 0.314, 0.286, and 0.311, respectively (p<.05). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve is 0.684 (95% confidence interval 0.611-0.756, p=.0001). CONCLUSIONS Hsa_circRNA_102682 may regulate lipid metabolism, participate in the pathogenesis of GDM. It can be used as a marker to predict GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangyu Wu
- Department of Obstetrics, Li Huili Hospital, Ningbo Medical Center, Ningbo, P. R. China
| | - Xufeng Zheng
- Department of Radiology, Yuyao Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ningbo, P. R. China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Obstetrics, Li Huili Hospital, Ningbo Medical Center, Ningbo, P. R. China
| | - Jun Shen
- Department of Obstetrics, Li Huili Hospital, Ningbo Medical Center, Ningbo, P. R. China
| | - Mei Ye
- Department of Obstetrics, Li Huili Hospital, Ningbo Medical Center, Ningbo, P. R. China
| | - Yisheng Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics, Li Huili Hospital, Ningbo Medical Center, Ningbo, P. R. China
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10
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Nwose EU, Bwititi PT, Agofure O, Oshionwu EJ, Young EE, Aganbi E, Egwenu SE, Chime HE, Gbeinbo FD, Odufu A, Okuzor JN, Okuleye A, Aninze K, Onyia IC, Ezugwu EC, Igumbor EO, Ulasi II. Prediabetes and cardiovascular complications study: Highlights on gestational diabetes, self-management and primary health care. World J Meta-Anal 2021; 9:543-556. [DOI: 10.13105/wjma.v9.i6.543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
International collaboration on the prediabetes and cardiovascular complications study started in 2013. In 2017, a reflection was reported. Incompleteness of documentation and screening of antenatal cases for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) was concerning. Hence, further observations have been made that warrant an update. The objective of this review is to highlight gaps between clinical knowledge and practice in GDM, diabetes self-management and primary health care (PHC) for rural dwellers. We followed a descriptive field notes method. Antenatal records of patients screened for GDM with incomplete documentation were examined to determine incompleteness of data in those that also met the criteria for GDM risk assessment. Experiences on development of a diabetes register and education and notes on behavioural change wheel were also reviewed. Other data included cross-sectional evaluation of activities of daily living at two private hospitals. Up to 29% had high GDM risk factors, which fulfilled selection criteria for laboratory screening. Demographic data was complete in all women; however, incomplete documentation was observed with as much as 98% of basic data. High levels of physical activity were found in the population, and health lectures proved effective in food choices. The workforce need for diabetes care seems underestimated, but this may be better understood with reactivation of PHC services. The observations highlight behavioural change wheel issues on GDM and PHC services that need concerted focus. Two proposals are to advance the use of a ‘risk assessment and screening sheet’ for GDM screening and enlightenment of stakeholders on the central hub role of PHC in diabetes management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezekiel Uba Nwose
- Department of Public and Community Health, Novena University, Kwale 322107, Nigeria
- School of Dentistry and Medical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga campus, New South Wales 2650, Australia
- Global Medical Research and Development Organization (GMRDO) group, Abbi Delta State 322107, Nigeria
| | - Phillip Taderera Bwititi
- School of Dentistry and Medical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga campus, New South Wales 2650, Australia
| | - Otovwe Agofure
- Department of Public and Community Health, Novena University, Kwale 322107, Nigeria
| | - Echinei Jacob Oshionwu
- Global Medical Research and Development Organization (GMRDO) group, Abbi Delta State 322107, Nigeria
- California Department of State Hospital, Stockton, CA 95215, United States
| | - Ekenechukwu Esther Young
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Ituku-Ozalla campus, Enugu 402109, Nigeria
| | - Eferhire Aganbi
- Biochemistry Department, Delta State University, Abraka 330105, Nigeria
| | | | - Helen Egoyibo Chime
- Department of Public and Community Health, Novena University, Kwale 322107, Nigeria
| | | | - Alex Odufu
- Global Medical Research and Development Organization (GMRDO) group, Abbi Delta State 322107, Nigeria
| | - John Nwakaego Okuzor
- Global Medical Research and Development Organization (GMRDO) group, Abbi Delta State 322107, Nigeria
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Services, Texas Health (HMH HEB), Bedford, TX 76022, United States
| | - Azuka Okuleye
- Global Medical Research and Development Organization (GMRDO) group, Abbi Delta State 322107, Nigeria
| | - Kennedy Aninze
- Global Medical Research and Development Organization (GMRDO) group, Abbi Delta State 322107, Nigeria
- Clinic Department, Donak Hospital, Kwale 2539083, Nigeria
| | - Innocent Chuks Onyia
- Global Medical Research and Development Organization (GMRDO) group, Abbi Delta State 322107, Nigeria
- Clinic Department, U-Turn Hospital, U-Turn Abule Egba 100276, Nigeria
| | - Euzebus Chinonye Ezugwu
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Ituku-Ozalla campus, Enugu 402109, Nigeria
| | | | - Ifeoma Isabel Ulasi
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Ituku-Ozalla campus, Enugu 402109, Nigeria
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11
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Nwali SA, Onoh RC, Dimejesi IB, Obi VO, Jombo SE, Edenya OO. Universal versus selective screening for gestational diabetes mellitus among antenatal clinic attendees in Abakaliki: using the one-step 75 gram oral glucose tolerance test. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2021; 21:735. [PMID: 34715805 PMCID: PMC8555289 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-021-04168-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To compare universal screening with selective risk factor based screening for GDM, using the one-step 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). MATERIALS AND METHOD A cross-sectional, comparison between universal and selective risk factor based screening for GDM, among 400 antenatal care clients at Alex-Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital Abakaliki (AE-FUTHA). All the participants had 75 g OGTT at 24-28 weeks of gestation and risk factor screening for GDM. All 400 participants formed the universal group while participants with one or more of the considered risk factors formed the selective risk factor group. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 20. Statistical comparison was done using t- test for continuous variables. Logistics regression was used to determine the level of associations of the independent predictors for hyperglycemia. Level of significance was set at P < 0.05. RESULTS The point prevalence of GDM using universal and selective screening were 11.51 and 7.93% respectively, giving a selective screening miss rate of 31.11%. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 73.58, 48.82, 19.12 and 92.51% respectively for the selective risk factor based screening compared to universal screening. On multivariate analysis; age ≥ 35 years, weight ≥ 90 kg, history of previous GDM and hypertension were significantly related to the development of hyperglycemia. CONCLUSION Selective risk factor based screening missed 31.11% of patients with GDM when compare to Universal screening with one step 75 g OGTT. Universal screening for GDM using the one step 75 g OGTT is recommended for pregnant women and more studies are needed to compare pregnancy outcomes for pregnant women diagnosed with GDM with and without risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silas Alegu Nwali
- Department Of Obstetrics And Gynecoloy (Obgyn), Alex-Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hosital (Ae-Futh), Abakaliki, Nigeria.
| | - Robinson Chukwudi Onoh
- Department Of Obstetrics And Gynecoloy (Obgyn), Alex-Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hosital (Ae-Futh), Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | - Ikechukwu Bo Dimejesi
- Department Of Obstetrics And Gynecoloy (Obgyn), Alex-Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hosital (Ae-Futh), Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | - Vitus Okwuchukwu Obi
- Department Of Obstetrics And Gynecoloy (Obgyn), Alex-Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hosital (Ae-Futh), Abakaliki, Nigeria
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12
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Hu Z, Hou J, Zhang M. Levels of inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain H4 urinary polypeptide in gestational diabetes mellitus. Syst Biol Reprod Med 2021; 67:428-437. [PMID: 34607479 DOI: 10.1080/19396368.2021.1977869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) can cause a variety of adverse maternal and fetal complications. The purpose of this study was to screen and identify the urinary polypeptides related to the severity of GDM and to analyze the correlation between urinary peptide levels and neonatal metabolic indices. A total of 31 normal pregnant women (N group) and 74 patients with GDM (GDM group) were randomly selected between February 2018 and August 2019. Patients with GDM were divided into two groups according to their fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels. The urine samples were enriched using weak cation-exchange magnetic beads (MB-WCX), and eight different urine polypeptides were screened and analyzed. The peptide spectra were obtained using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). The urinary peptide signatures of the two groups were compared using the BioExplorer software. The difference analysis of the eight urinary polypeptides between the normal pregnant (N) group and GDM group showed that two polypeptides with mass-to- charge ratios (m/z) of 2175.7 and 2318.8, respectively, were significantly different between the two groups (P < 0.01). The m/z 2175.7 polypeptide was analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS), and the corresponding name of the molecule was inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain H4 (ITIH4). The changes in ITIH4 levels correlated with those in the neonatal metabolic indices. By establishing the Fisher discriminant function equation for the GDM group, the difference in sample distribution and mean value of the two groups could be observed directly.Abbreviations: GDM: gestational diabetes mellitus; FPG: fasting plasma glucose; MB-WCX: weak cation exchange magnetic beads; MALDI-TOF MS: matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry; m/z: mass charge ratio; LC-MS: liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry; glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c); PPG: postprandial plasma glucose; ITIH4: inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain H4; IR: insulin resistance; NFPG: neonatal fasting plasma glucose; NH: neonatal height; NW: neonatal weight; BMI: body mass index; RPL: recurrent pregnancy loss; OGTT: oral glucose tolerance test; ADA: American Diabetes Association; LIS: Laboratory Information System.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiying Hu
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Urinary Cellular Molecular Diagnostics, Beijing, China
| | - Junlin Hou
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Urinary Cellular Molecular Diagnostics, Beijing, China
| | - Man Zhang
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Urinary Cellular Molecular Diagnostics, Beijing, China
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13
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Barani M, Sargazi S, Mohammadzadeh V, Rahdar A, Pandey S, Jha NK, Gupta PK, Thakur VK. Theranostic Advances of Bionanomaterials against Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Preliminary Review. J Funct Biomater 2021; 12:54. [PMID: 34698244 PMCID: PMC8544389 DOI: 10.3390/jfb12040054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the most frequent complication during pregnancy. This complex disease is characterized by glucose intolerance and consequent hyperglycemia that begins or is first diagnosed in pregnancy, and affects almost 7% of pregnant women. Previous reports have shown that GDM is associated with increased pregnancy complications and might cause abnormal fetal development. At present, treatments are not suitable for the prevention and management of these patients. As an alternative therapeutic opportunity and a leading scientific technique, nanotechnology has helped enlighten the health of these affected women. Theranostic nanomaterials with unique properties and small sizes (at least <100 nm in one of their dimensions) have been recently engineered for clinics and pharmaceutics. Reducing materials to the nanoscale has successfully changed their properties and enabled them to uniquely interact with cell biomolecules. Several biosensing methods have been developed to monitor glucose levels in GDM patients. Moreover, cerium oxide nanoparticles (NPs), selenium NPs, polymeric NPs, and drug-loaded NPs loaded with therapeutic agents have been used for GDM treatment. Still, there are some challenges associated with the detection limits and toxicity of such nanomaterials. This preliminary review covers the aspects from a fast-developing field to generating nanomaterials and their applications in GDM diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood Barani
- Medical Mycology and Bacteriology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman 7616913555, Iran;
| | - Saman Sargazi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute of Cellular and Molecular Sciences in Infectious Diseases, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan 9816743463, Iran;
| | - Vahideh Mohammadzadeh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad 1313199137, Iran;
| | - Abbas Rahdar
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Zabol, Zabol 53898615, Iran
| | - Sadanand Pandey
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Science, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongbuk, Korea;
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, India;
| | - Piyush Kumar Gupta
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, India
| | - Vijay Kumar Thakur
- Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Centre, SRUC, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, Shiv Nadar University, Noida 201314, India
- School of Engineering, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies (UPES), Dehradun 248007, India
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14
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Thanawala U, Divakar H, Jain R, Agarwal MM. Negotiating Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in India: A National Approach. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 57:medicina57090942. [PMID: 34577865 PMCID: PMC8467131 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57090942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The worldwide epidemic of diabetes mellitus and hyperglycemia in pregnancy (HIP) presents many challenges, some of which are country-specific. To address these specific problems, parochial resolutions are essential. In India, the government, by working in tandem with (a) national groups such as the Diabetes in Pregnancy Study Group of India, and (b) global organizations such as the International Diabetes Federation, has empowered the medical and paramedical staff throughout the country to manage HIP. Additionally, despite their academic university backgrounds, Indian health planners have provided practical guidelines for caregivers at the ground level, who look up to these experts for guidance. This multipronged process has helped to negotiate some of the multiple problems that are indigenous and exclusive to India. This review traces the Indian journey to manage and prevent HIP with simple, constructive, and pragmatic solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hema Divakar
- Divakar Specialty Hospital, Bengaluru 560078, India;
| | | | - Mukesh M. Agarwal
- Department of Pathology, California University of Science and Medicine, Colton, CA 92324, USA
- Correspondence:
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15
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de Wit L, Zijlmans AB, Rademaker D, Naaktgeboren CA, DeVries JH, Franx A, Painter RC, van Rijn BB. Estimated impact of introduction of new diagnostic criteria for gestational diabetes mellitus. World J Diabetes 2021; 12:868-882. [PMID: 34168734 PMCID: PMC8192254 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v12.i6.868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Implementation of new diagnostic criteria for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are still a subject of debate, mostly due to concerns regarding the effects on the number of women diagnosed with GDM and the risk profile of the women newly diagnosed. AIM To estimate the impact of the World Health Organization (WHO) 2013 criteria compared with the WHO 1999 criteria on the incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus as well as to determine the diagnostic accuracy for detecting adverse pregnancy outcomes. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed a single center Dutch cohort of 3338 women undergoing a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test where the WHO 1999 criteria to diagnose GDM were clinically applied. Women were categorized into four groups: non-GDM by both criteria, GDM by WHO 1999 only (excluded from GDM), GDM by WHO 2013 only (newly diagnosed) and GDM by both criteria. We compared maternal characteristics, pregnancy outcomes and likelihood ratios for adverse pregnancy outcomes. RESULTS Retrospectively applying the WHO 2013 criteria increased the cohort incidence by 13.1%, from 19.3% to 32.4%. Discordant diagnoses occurred in 21.3%; 4.1% would no longer be labelled as GDM, and 17.2% were newly diagnosed. Compared to the non-GDM group, women newly diagnosed were older, had higher rates of obesity, higher diastolic blood pressure and higher rates of caesarean deliveries. Their infants were more often delivered preterm, large-for-gestational-age and were at higher risk of a 5 min Apgar score < 7. Women excluded from GDM were older and had similar pregnancy outcomes compared to the non-GDM group, except for higher rates of shoulder dystocia (4.3% vs 1.3%, P = 0.015). Positive likelihood ratios for adverse outcomes in all groups were generally low, ranging from 0.54 to 2.95. CONCLUSION Applying the WHO 2013 criteria would result in a substantial increase in GDM diagnoses. Newly diagnosed women are at increased risk for pregnancy adverse outcomes. This risk, however, seems to be lower than those identified by the WHO 1999 criteria. This could potentially influence the treatment effect that can be achieved in this group. Evidence on treatment effects in newly diagnosed women is urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon de Wit
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht 3584 EA, Netherlands
| | - Anna B Zijlmans
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Gelderse Vallei Hospital, Ede 6716 RP, Netherlands
| | - Doortje Rademaker
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers- Location AMC, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, Netherlands
| | - Christiana A Naaktgeboren
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers–Location AMC, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, Netherlands
| | - J Hans DeVries
- Department of Endocrinology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers–Location AMC, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, Netherlands
| | - Arie Franx
- Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, Erasmus MC Sophia Children Hospital, Rotterdam 3015 GD, Netherlands
| | - Rebecca C Painter
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers–Location AMC, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, Netherlands
| | - Bas B van Rijn
- Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, Erasmus MC Sophia Children Hospital, Rotterdam 3015 GD, Netherlands
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16
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Bouvier D, Giguère Y, Pereira B, Bernard N, Marc I, Sapin V, Forest JC. Cord blood S100B: reference ranges and interest for early identification of newborns with brain injury. Clin Chem Lab Med 2021; 58:285-293. [PMID: 31622243 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2019-0737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background Neurological complications are common in the premature and full-term neonates admitted to the intensive care unit, but the diagnosis of these complications is often difficult to make. S100B protein, measured in cord blood, may represent a valuable tool to better identify patients at risk of brain injury. Methods As a first step, we established S100B cord blood serum reference intervals from 183 preterm and 200 full-term neonates. We then measured cord blood serum S100B to identify neurological complications in 272 neonates hospitalized at the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Diagnosis of brain injury relied on imaging examination. Results The 95th percentiles of S100B concentration in cord blood were established as 1.21 μg/L for the 383 neonates, 0.96 μg/L for full-term neonates and 1.36 μg/L for premature neonates. Among the 272 neonates hospitalized at the NICU, 11 presented neurological complications. Using 1.27 μg/L as the optimal sensitivity/specificity threshold, S100B differentiate neonates with and without neurological complications with a sensitivity of 45.5% (95% confidence intervals [CI]: 16.7-76.6) and a specificity of 88.9% (95% CI: 84.4-92.4) (p = 0.006). In combination with arterial pH (<7.25), sensitivity increased to 90.9% (95% CI: 58.7-99.8), while specificity was 51.2% (95% CI: 44.8-57.7). The sensitivity is significantly (p = 0.03) increased in comparison to S100B alone. The specificity is significantly higher with S100B only than with pH + S100B (p < 0.001). Conclusions Cord blood S100B protein, in combination with arterial cord blood pH, has the potential to help clinicians to detect at birth neurological complications in neonates hospitalized in an NCIU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Bouvier
- Service de Biochimie Médicale, Centre de Biologie, CHU Gabriel Montpied, 58 Rue Montalembert, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Biochemistry and Molecular Genetic Department, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Université Clermont Auvergne, Faculty of Medicine, CNRS 6293, INSERM 1103, GReD, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Yves Giguère
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, Canada.,Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, Canada
| | - Bruno Pereira
- Biostatistics Unit (DRCI), CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Nathalie Bernard
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, Canada
| | - Isabelle Marc
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, Canada
| | - Vincent Sapin
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetic Department, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Université Clermont Auvergne, Faculty of Medicine, CNRS 6293, INSERM 1103, GReD, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Jean-Claude Forest
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, Canada.,Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, Canada
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17
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Ørtenblad L, Høtoft D, Krogh RH, Lynggaard V, Juel Christiansen J, Vinther Nielsen C, Hedeager Momsen AM. Women's perspectives on motivational factors for lifestyle changes after gestational diabetes and implications for diabetes prevention interventions. ENDOCRINOLOGY DIABETES & METABOLISM 2021; 4:e00248. [PMID: 34277972 PMCID: PMC8279634 DOI: 10.1002/edm2.248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common complication in pregnancy and constitutes a public health problem due to the risk of developing diabetes and other diseases. Most women face barriers in complying with preventive programs. This study aimed to explore motivational factors for lifestyle changes among women with a history of GDM and their suggestions for preventive programs. Methods This study used a qualitative approach in six focus group interviews with a total of 32 women. The selection criteria were time since onset of GDM, including women diagnosed with GDM, six months and five years after GDM, diagnosed and not diagnosed with diabetes. Inductive analysis was performed. Results The women reacted with anxiety about their GDM diagnosis and experienced persistent concerns about the consequences of GDM. They were highly motivated to take preventive initiatives, but faced major adherence challenges. The demotivating factors were lack of time and resources, too little family involvement, lack of knowledge and social norms that may obstruct healthy eating. A powerful motivational factor for complying with preventive strategies was the well-being of their children and partners. Conclusions Preventive initiatives should be rooted in the women's perception of GDM/diabetes and based on their experiences with barriers and motivational factors. The well-being and the quality of life within the family are dominant motivational factors which offer powerful potentials for supporting the women's coping capability. Further, there is a need to be responsiveness to the women and their families even a long time after the onset of GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisbeth Ørtenblad
- DEFACTUM - Public Health and Rehabilitation Research Central Denmark Region Aarhus Denmark.,Department of Public Health Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark
| | - Diana Høtoft
- DEFACTUM - Public Health and Rehabilitation Research Central Denmark Region Aarhus Denmark
| | - Rubab H Krogh
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics Gødstrup Hospital Herning Denmark
| | - Vibeke Lynggaard
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus Health Promotion Research Aarhus Denmark.,Cardiovascular Research Unit Department of Cardiology Gødstrup Hospital Aarhus Denmark
| | - Jens Juel Christiansen
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus Health Promotion Research Aarhus Denmark.,Department of Medicine Gødstrup Hospital Aarhus Denmark
| | - Claus Vinther Nielsen
- DEFACTUM - Public Health and Rehabilitation Research Central Denmark Region Aarhus Denmark.,Department of Public Health Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark.,Section for Clinical Social Medicine and Rehabilitation Gødstrup Hospital Aarhus Denmark
| | - Anne-Mette Hedeager Momsen
- DEFACTUM - Public Health and Rehabilitation Research Central Denmark Region Aarhus Denmark.,Department of Public Health Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark
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18
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Mussa J, Meltzer S, Bond R, Garfield N, Dasgupta K. Trends in National Canadian Guideline Recommendations for the Screening and Diagnosis of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus over the Years: A Scoping Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:1454. [PMID: 33557155 PMCID: PMC7913952 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18041454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Canada's largest national obstetric and diabetology organizations have recommended various algorithms for the screening of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) over the years. Though uniformity across recommendations from clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) is desirable, historically, national guidelines from Diabetes Canada (DC) and the Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada (SOGC) have differed. Lack of consensus has led to variation in screening approaches, rendering precise ascertainment of GDM prevalence challenging. To highlight the reason and level of disparity in Canada, we conducted a scoping review of CPGs released by DC and the SOGC over the last thirty years and distributed a survey on screening practices among Canadian physicians. Earlier CPGs were based on expert opinion, leading to different recommendations from these organizations. However, as a result of the Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome (HAPO) study, disparities between DC and the SOGC no longer exist and many Canadian physicians have adopted their recent recommendations. Given that Canadian guidelines now recommend two different screening programs (one step vs. two step), lack of consensus on a single diagnostic threshold continues to exist, resulting in differing estimates of GDM prevalence. Our scoping review highlights these disparities and provides a step forward towards reaching a consensus on one unified threshold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Mussa
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; (J.M.); (S.M.); (R.B.); (N.G.)
- Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation of the RI-MUHC, 5252 boul de Maisonneuve Ouest, Office 3E.09, Montreal, QC H4A 3S5, Canada
| | - Sara Meltzer
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; (J.M.); (S.M.); (R.B.); (N.G.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Rachel Bond
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; (J.M.); (S.M.); (R.B.); (N.G.)
| | - Natasha Garfield
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; (J.M.); (S.M.); (R.B.); (N.G.)
| | - Kaberi Dasgupta
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; (J.M.); (S.M.); (R.B.); (N.G.)
- Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation of the RI-MUHC, 5252 boul de Maisonneuve Ouest, Office 3E.09, Montreal, QC H4A 3S5, Canada
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19
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Meloncelli N, Wilkinson SA, de Jersey S. Searching for Utopia, the Challenge of Standardized Medical Nutrition Therapy Prescription in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Management: A Critical Review. Semin Reprod Med 2021; 38:389-397. [PMID: 33429445 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1722316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common pregnancy disorder and the incidence is increasing worldwide. GDM is associated with adverse maternal outcomes which may be reduced with proper management. Lifestyle modification in the form of medical nutrition therapy and physical activity, as well as self-monitoring of blood glucose levels, is the cornerstone of GDM management. Inevitably, the search for the "ultimate" diet prescription has been ongoing. Identifying the amount and type of carbohydrate to maintain blood glucose levels below targets while balancing the nutritional requirements of pregnancy and achieving gestational weight gain within recommendations is challenging. Recent developments in the area of the gut microbiota and its impact on glycemic response add another layer of complexity to the success of medical nutrition therapy. This review critically explores the challenges to dietary prescription for GDM and why utopia may never be found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Meloncelli
- Nutrition and Dietetics, Sunshine Coast University Hospital, Birtinya, Australia.,Centre for Clinical Research and Perinatal Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Shelley A Wilkinson
- School of Human Movements and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia.,Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Susan de Jersey
- Centre for Clinical Research and Perinatal Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Metro North Hospital and Health Service, Brisbane, Australia
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Xu T, Faleschini S, Rifas-Shiman SL, Monthé-Drèze C, Oken E, Hivert MF, Tiemeier H. Maternal glucose tolerance in pregnancy and child cognitive and behavioural problems in early and mid-childhood. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 2021; 35:109-119. [PMID: 32885485 PMCID: PMC7877074 DOI: 10.1111/ppe.12710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal abnormal glucose tolerance during pregnancy may adversely affect offspring cognition and behaviour, but few prospective studies investigated this association at multiple points throughout childhood. OBJECTIVES We hypothesised that maternal abnormal glucose tolerance is associated with child cognitive and behavioural outcomes in early and mid-childhood. METHODS We examined the associations of maternal abnormal glucose tolerance at 26-28 weeks of pregnancy with offspring cognitive and behavioural scores in 1421 children in the Project Viva pre-birth cohort. In early (mean 3.3 years) and mid-childhood (mean 7.9 years), we measured child cognition using validated instruments, the Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test, Wide Range Assessment of Memory and Learning, and the Wide Range Assessment of Visual Motor Abilities (WRAVMA); we assessed parent- and teacher-rated behavioural outcomes with the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire and the Behavioural Rating Inventory of Executive Function. We used linear regression models adjusted for potential confounders (maternal race/ethnicity, pre-pregnancy BMI, intelligence, age, parity, smoking status, education, and household income at enrolment, in addition to child's sex and age at assessment). RESULTS Of 1421 mothers, 69 (4.9%) had gestational diabetes mellitus, 43 (3.0%) impaired glucose tolerance, 122 (8.6%) isolated hyperglycaemia, and 1187 (83.5%) normal glucose tolerance. Offspring born to women with gestational diabetes mellitus had lower total WRAVMA scores (-3.09 points; 95% CI -6.12, -0.05) in early childhood compared with offspring of women with normal glucose tolerance. None of the abnormal glucose tolerance categories during pregnancy were associated with any of the cognitive outcomes (verbal, non-verbal, and visual motor scores) or behavioural measures in mid-childhood. CONCLUSIONS Children born to mothers who had gestational diabetes mellitus had slightly lower scores on one cognitive test in early childhood. We found no evidence to support that maternal abnormal glucose tolerance was associated with cognitive or behavioural development in mid-childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Xu
- China Center for Health Development Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China,Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China,Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Sheryl L. Rifas-Shiman
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Carmen Monthé-Drèze
- Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Emily Oken
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marie-France Hivert
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA,Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02214, USA
| | - Henning Tiemeier
- Department of Social and Behavioral Science, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
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21
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Coussa A, Hasan HA, Barber TM. Early Predictors of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in IVF-Conceived Pregnancies. Endocr Pract 2020; 27:579-585. [PMID: 34120700 DOI: 10.1016/j.eprac.2020.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. This study aimed to identify early and reliable GDM predictors that would enable implementation of preventive and management measures. METHODS The participants were a 28-week prospective cohort of in vitro fertilization (IVF)-conceived pregnant women (≤39 years, body mass index [BMI] 18.5-38 kg/m2) without a known history of diabetes mellitus. Fasting blood samples were analyzed at baseline (pre-IVF) and 12 weeks' gestation for reproductive hormones, glucose, serum insulin, lipids, thyroid function, adiponectin, and lipopolysaccharide-binding protein. At 28 weeks, a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test was used to screen for GDM. RESULTS For the overall group at baseline, 22% had BMI ≥30 kg/m2, 45% had polycystic ovary syndrome, 16% had hemoglobin A1C of 5.7% to 6.1%, and 14% had a past history of GDM. At 28 weeks of gestation (n = 158), 34 women had developed GDM and 124 had not. Significant baseline predictors of GDM onset included greater BMI (29.0 vs 25.8 kg/m2), older age (34 vs 32 years), higher levels of follicle-stimulating hormone/luteinizing hormone ratio (1.2 vs 1.0), hemoglobin A1C (5.5 vs 5.2%), insulin (10.6 vs 7.1 μIU/mL), homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (2.2 vs 1.7), total cholesterol (199 vs 171 mg/dL), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (123 vs 105 mg/dL), and lower triglyceride levels (74 vs 76 mg/dL). Significant 12-week GDM predictors included greater maternal weight gain (delta: 3.4 vs 1.5 kg) and higher levels of insulin (11.3 vs 7.6 μIU/mL), triglycerides (178 vs 120 mg/dL), and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (2.3 vs 1.5). Twelve-week BMI is a predictor of GDM following adjustment for polycystic ovary syndrome status and maternal age. CONCLUSION While preconception maternal BMI, age, and follicle-stimulating hormone/luteinizing hormone ratio are predictors of subsequent development of GDM, early IVF-conceived gestational weight gain is the best predictor of GDM onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayla Coussa
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire, Clifford Bridge Road, Coventry, CV2 2DX, United Kingdom.
| | - Hayder A Hasan
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Sharjah, City University, Muwailih, Sharjah, PO Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Thomas M Barber
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire, Clifford Bridge Road, Coventry, CV2 2DX, United Kingdom
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22
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Simmons D. The benefits of the use of the new International Association of Diabetes in Pregnancy Study Groups guidelines for gestational diabetes mellitus. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 2020; 60:486-488. [PMID: 32506460 DOI: 10.1111/ajo.13167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Simmons
- Macarthur Diabetes Service, Campbelltown Hospital, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia.,Macarthur Clinical School, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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23
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Facchinetti F, Cavalli P, Copp AJ, D’Anna R, Kandaraki E, Greene NDE, Unfer V. An update on the use of inositols in preventing gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and neural tube defects (NTDs). Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2020; 16:1187-1198. [PMID: 32966143 PMCID: PMC7614183 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2020.1828344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obstetric history and maternal body composition and lifestyle may be associated with serious complications both for the mother, such as gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and for the fetus, including congenital malformations such as neural tube defects (NTDs). AREAS COVERED In view of the recent knowledge, changes in nutritional and physical activity habits ameliorate glycemic control during pregnancy and in turn improve maternal and neonatal health outcomes. Recently, a series of small clinical and experimental studies indicated that supplemenation with inositols, a family of insulin sensitizers, was associated with beneficial impact for both GDM and NTDs. EXPERT OPINION Herein, we discuss the most significant scientific evidence supporting myo-inositol administration as a prophylaxis for the above-mentioned conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Facchinetti
- Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mother-Infant Department, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | | | - Andrew J. Copp
- Newlife Birth Defects Research Centre and Developmental Biology & Cancer Research and Teaching Department, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Rosario D’Anna
- Department of Human Pathology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Eleni Kandaraki
- Department of Endocrinology & Diabetes, HYGEIA Hospital, Marousi, Athens, Greece
| | - Nicholas D. E. Greene
- Newlife Birth Defects Research Centre and Developmental Biology & Cancer Research and Teaching Department, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Vittorio Unfer
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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24
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Maidwell-Smith AA, Doel AM, Bernstein RM, Moore SE. Prevalence estimates of diabetes in pregnancy in a rural, sub-Saharan population. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2020; 169:108455. [PMID: 32979418 PMCID: PMC7738751 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To determine the prevalence of Hyperglycaemia first Detected in Pregnancy (HDIP) in a cohort of women from rural Gambia and compare the diagnostic ability of capillary blood glucose (CBG) sampling to identify HIP versus laboratory-based analysis of venous plasma glucose (VPG). METHODS Pregnant women from rural Gambia (N = 251) underwent a 75 g Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) at 28-weeks of gestation. Gestational Diabetes Mellitus was assessed as fasting glucose concentration ≥ 5.1-6.9 mmol/L; ≥10.0 mmol/L at 1-h post load; or ≥ 8.5 mmol/L at 2-h post load and Diabetes in Pregnancy as fasting glucose > 7.0 mmol/L. RESULTS A total of 199 and 244 women had VPG and CBG measurements respectively, and 198 women had both. 32 women (16.1%) were diagnosed with HDIP using VPG, mostly based on fasting concentrations. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of HDIP in rural Gambia was higher than anticipated, emphasising a need for maternal diabetic policy. Based on the current findings, tailored recommendations could include measuring fasting VPG alone when conducting a full OGTT is not feasible. Similarly, CBG may be of value for excluding disease and thereby limiting costly laboratory-based investigations to a select few.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew M Doel
- Department of Women and Children's Health, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Robin M Bernstein
- Department of Anthropology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA; Health and Society Program, Institute of Behavioural Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Sophie E Moore
- Department of Women and Children's Health, King's College London, London, UK; MRC Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Gambia.
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25
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Jagannathan R, Neves JS, Dorcely B, Chung ST, Tamura K, Rhee M, Bergman M. The Oral Glucose Tolerance Test: 100 Years Later. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2020; 13:3787-3805. [PMID: 33116727 PMCID: PMC7585270 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s246062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
For over 100 years, the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) has been the cornerstone for detecting prediabetes and type 2 diabetes (T2DM). In recent decades, controversies have arisen identifying internationally acceptable cut points using fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2-h post-load glucose (2-h PG), and/or HbA1c for defining intermediate hyperglycemia (prediabetes). Despite this, there has been a steadfast global consensus of the 2-h PG for defining dysglycemic states during the OGTT. This article reviews the history of the OGTT and recent advances in its application, including the glucose challenge test and mathematical modeling for determining the shape of the glucose curve. Pitfalls of the FPG, 2-h PG during the OGTT, and HbA1c are considered as well. Finally, the associations between the 30-minute and 1-hour plasma glucose (1-h PG) levels derived from the OGTT and incidence of diabetes and its complications will be reviewed. The considerable evidence base supports modifying current screening and diagnostic recommendations with the use of the 1-h PG. Measurement of the 1-h PG level could increase the likelihood of identifying high-risk individuals when the pancreatic ß-cell function is substantially more intact with the added practical advantage of potentially replacing the conventional 2-h OGTT making it more acceptable in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram Jagannathan
- Division of Hospital Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - João Sérgio Neves
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, Cardiovascular Research and Development Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Sa˜o Joa˜ o University Hospital Center, Porto, Portugal
| | - Brenda Dorcely
- NYU Grossman School of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, New York, NY10016, USA
| | - Stephanie T Chung
- Diabetes, Obesity, and Endocrinology Branch, National Institute of Diabetes & Digestive & Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kosuke Tamura
- Social Determinants of Obesity and Cardiovascular Risk Laboratory, Cardiovascular Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD20892, USA
| | - Mary Rhee
- Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipids, Atlanta VA Health Care System, Atlanta, GA30322, USA
| | - Michael Bergman
- NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Diabetes Prevention Program, Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, Manhattan Campus, New York, NY10010, USA
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26
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Milln JM, Walugembe E, Ssentayi S, Nkabura H, Jones AG, Nyirenda MJ. Comparison of oral glucose tolerance test and ambulatory glycaemic profiles in pregnant women in Uganda with gestational diabetes using the FreeStyle Libre flash glucose monitoring system. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2020; 20:635. [PMID: 33076849 PMCID: PMC7574406 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-020-03325-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The diagnosis of hyperglycaemia in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is challenging. Blood glucose levels obtained during oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) may not reflect home glycaemic profiles. We compare OGTT results with home glycaemic profiles obtained using the FreeStyle Libre continuous glucose monitoring device (FSL-CGM). METHODS Twenty-eight women (20 with gestational diabetes [GDM], 8 controls) were recruited following OGTT between 24 and 28 weeks of gestation. All women wore the FSL-CGM device for 48-96 h at home in early third trimester, and recorded a meal diary. OGTT was repeated on the final day of FSL-CGM recording. OGTT results were compared with ambulatory glycaemic variables, and repeat OGTT was undertaken whilst wearing FSL-CGM to determine accuracy of the device. RESULTS FSL-CGM results were available for 27/28 women with mean data capture 92.8%. There were significant differences in the ambulatory fasting, post-prandial peaks, and mean glucose between controls in whom both primary and secondary OGTT was normal (n = 6) and those with two abnormal OGTTs or "true" GDM (n = 7). There was no difference in ambulatory mean glucose between these controls and the 13 women who had an abnormal primary OGTT and normal repeat OGTT. These participants had significantly lower body mass index (BMI) than the true GDM group (29.0 Vs 36.3 kg/m2, p-value 0.014). Paired OGTT/FSL-CGM readings revealed a Mean Absolute difference (MAD) -0.58 mmol/L and Mean Absolute Relative Difference (MARD) -11.9%. Bland-Altman plot suggests FSL-CGM underestimated blood glucose by approximately 0.78 mmol/L. CONCLUSION Diagnosis of GDM on a single OGTT identifies a proportion of women who do not have a significantly higher home glucose levels than controls. This raises questions about factors which may affect the reproducibility of OGTT in this population, including food insecurity and atypical phenotypes of diabetes. More investigation is needed to understand the suitability of the OGTT as a diagnostic test in sub-Saharan Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Milln
- Non-Communicable Diseases Theme, Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (MRC/UVRI & LSHTM) Uganda Research Unit, Plot 51-59, Nakiwogo Road, P. O. BOX 49, Entebbe, Uganda.
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, UK.
| | - E Walugembe
- Non-Communicable Diseases Theme, Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (MRC/UVRI & LSHTM) Uganda Research Unit, Plot 51-59, Nakiwogo Road, P. O. BOX 49, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - S Ssentayi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Theme, Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (MRC/UVRI & LSHTM) Uganda Research Unit, Plot 51-59, Nakiwogo Road, P. O. BOX 49, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - H Nkabura
- Non-Communicable Diseases Theme, Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (MRC/UVRI & LSHTM) Uganda Research Unit, Plot 51-59, Nakiwogo Road, P. O. BOX 49, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - A G Jones
- National Institute for Health and Research (NIHR), Exeter Clinical Research Facility, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - M J Nyirenda
- Non-Communicable Diseases Theme, Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (MRC/UVRI & LSHTM) Uganda Research Unit, Plot 51-59, Nakiwogo Road, P. O. BOX 49, Entebbe, Uganda
- Department of Non-Communicable Diseases Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), London, UK
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27
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Qiu J, Liu Y, Zhu W, Zhang C. Comparison of Effectiveness of Routine Antenatal Care with a Midwife-Managed Clinic Service in Prevention of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Early Pregnancy at a Hospital in China. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e925991. [PMID: 32980853 PMCID: PMC7528613 DOI: 10.12659/msm.925991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women with normal fasting glucose (FPG) range (5.1 ≤FPG <6.09 mmol/L) in early pregnancy are at high risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of routine antenatal care with a midwife-managed clinic service in the prevention of GDM in early pregnancy at a hospital in China. MATERIAL AND METHODS We designed a prospective observational clinical study among pregnancy women with normal fasting glucose (FPG) range (5.1 ≤FPG <6.09 mmol/L) in early pregnancy. Routine antenatal care was compared with a midwife-managed clinic service providing diet and exercise education before week 16. A 75-g OGTT was performed at weeks 24-28 for both groups. Results of OGTT and gestational weight gain were compared between the 2 groups. RESULTS Of the 592 eligible women, 296 women received the antenatal nursing clinic service and 296 were enrolled in a control group. Thirty-three women were lost to follow-up during the study, leaving 279 in the intervention group and 280 in the control group. Baseline demographic characteristics were similar between the 2 groups. GDM was diagnosed in 115 participants (41.2%) in the intervention group and 141 (50.4%) in the control group. Subgroup analysis showed a significantly lower rate of GDM in the intervention group among the No-IVF population (37.8% vs. 49.0%, P=0.01%). For pre-pregnancy BMI, significant differences were found in the incidence of GDM and maternal hypertension between the different groups, showing that the overweight group benefited most from the midwife-managed antenatal clinic service. CONCLUSIONS The midwife-managed clinic service was feasible and effective in the prevention of GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingbo Qiu
- Nursing Department, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Ying Liu
- Nursing Department, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Nursing Department, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Research and Education Department, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
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28
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Effects of Changing Diagnostic Criteria for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Queensland, Australia. Obstet Gynecol 2020; 135:1215-1221. [PMID: 32282588 DOI: 10.1097/aog.0000000000003790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of updated gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) screening and diagnostic criteria on selected perinatal outcomes in Queensland, Australia. METHODS This was a pre-post comparison study using perinatal data the year before (2014) and after (2016) the screening and diagnostic criteria for GDM was changed in Queensland, Australia. In 2015, Queensland adopted the one-step screening and diagnostic criteria based on the International Association of the Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups' recommendations. The data from 62,517 women in 2014 and 61,600 women in 2016 who gave birth from 24 weeks of gestation were analyzed in three groups in each year: women with GDM; women without diagnosed GDM; and total population. The outcome measures were gestational hypertension, cesarean birth, gestational age at delivery, birth weight, preterm delivery, large-for-gestational age (LGA) neonates, small-for-gestational-age (SGA) neonates, neonatal hypoglycemia, and respiratory distress. RESULTS The diagnosis of GDM increased from 8.7% (n=5,462) to 11.9% (n=7,317). After changing the diagnostic criteria, the changes to outcomes, odds ratios (OR), and adjusted odds ratios (aOR) (95% CI) for outcomes with statistically significant differences for the total population were: gestational hypertension 4.6% vs 5.0%, OR 1.09 (1.03-1.15), aOR 1.07 (1.02-1.13); preterm birth 7.6% vs 8.0%, OR 1.05 (1.01-1.09), aOR 1.06 (1.02-1.10); neonatal hypoglycemia 5.3% vs 6.8%, OR 1.31 (1.25-1.37), aOR 1.32 (1.25-1.38); and respiratory distress 6.2% vs 6.0%, OR 0.96 (0.91-1.00), aOR 0.94 (0.89-0.99). There was no change to cesarean births or LGA or SGA neonates for women with or without diagnosed GDM or the total population. CONCLUSION Except for a very small decrease in respiratory distress, changing the diagnostic criteria has resulted in more GDM diagnoses with no observed changes to measured perinatal outcomes for women with and without diagnosed GDM.
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McMahon LE, O'Malley EG, Reynolds CME, Turner MJ. The impact of revised diagnostic criteria on hospital trends in gestational diabetes mellitus rates in a high income country. BMC Health Serv Res 2020; 20:795. [PMID: 32843025 PMCID: PMC7449010 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-020-05655-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective In 2010, national guidelines were published in Ireland recommending more sensitive criteria for the diagnosis of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM). The criteria were based on the 2008 Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes (HAPO) Study and were endorsed subsequently by the World Health Organization (WHO). Screening nationally is selective based on risk factors. We examined the impact of the new criteria on hospital trends nationally for GDM over the 10 years 2008–17. Research design and methods Data from three national databases, the Hospital Inpatient Enquiry System (HIPE), National Perinatal Reporting System (NPRS) and the Irish Maternity Indicator System (IMIS), were analyzed using descriptive statistics, analysis of variance, and Poisson loglinear modelling. Results The overall incidence of GDM nationally increased almost five-fold from 3.1% in 2008 to 14.8% in 2017 (p ≤ 0.001). The incidence varied widely across maternity units. In 2008, the incidence varied from 0.4 to 5.9% and in 2017 it varied from 1.9 to 29.4%. There were increased obstetric interventions among women with GDM over the decade, specifically women with GDM having increased cesarean sections (CS) and induction of labor (IOL) (p ≤ 0.001). These trends were significant in large and mid-sized maternity hospitals (p ≤ 0.001). The increase in GDM diagnosis could not be explained by an increase in maternal age nationally over the decade. The data did not include information on other risk factors such as obesity. The increased incidence in GDM diagnosis was accompanied by a decrease in high birthweight ≥ 4.5 kg nationally. Conclusions We found adoption of the new criteria for diagnosis of GDM resulted in a major increase in the incidence of GDM rates. Inter-hospital variations increased over the decade, which may be explained by variations in the implementation of the new national guidelines in different maternity units. It is likely to escalate further as compliance with national guidelines improves at all maternity hospitals, with implications for provision and configuration of maternity services. We observed trends that may indicate improvements for women and their offspring, but more research is required to understand patterns of guideline implementation across hospitals and to demonstrate how increased GDM diagnosis will improve clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léan E McMahon
- National Women and Infants Health Programme, Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Eimer G O'Malley
- UCD Centre for Human Reproduction at Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, Cork Street, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Ciara M E Reynolds
- UCD Centre for Human Reproduction at Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, Cork Street, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Michael J Turner
- UCD Centre for Human Reproduction at Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, Cork Street, Dublin 8, Ireland
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Mukuve A, Noorani M, Sendagire I, Mgonja M. Magnitude of screening for gestational diabetes mellitus in an urban setting in Tanzania; a cross-sectional analytic study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2020; 20:418. [PMID: 32703290 PMCID: PMC7379358 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-020-03115-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Medical screening detects risk factors for disease or presence of disease in otherwise well persons in order to intervene early and reduce morbidity and mortality. During antenatal care (ANC) it is important to detect conditions that complicate pregnancy, like gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Despite international and local guidelines recommending screening for GDM during ANC, there is evidence to suggest that the practice was not being carried out adequately. A major challenge may be lack of consensus on uniform GDM screening and diagnostic guidelines internationally and locally. The primary objective was to determine the magnitude of screening for GDM among women receiving ANC at the Aga Khan Hospital, Dar es Salaam and Muhimbili National Hospital, Dar es Salaam. Secondary objectives were: to determine the methods used by health practitioners to screen for GDM, to determine the magnitude of undiagnosed gestational diabetes mellitus among women attending ANC and factors associated with screening for GDM among these women. Methods A cross-sectional analytical study was done. Data collection was done using pre-tested questionnaires and reviewing antenatal care records. The proportion of women attending ANC who were screened for GDM was determined. The 75 g Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) was offered to women who had not been screened after education and consent. Results Only 107 out of 358 (29.9%) had been offered some form of GDM screening. Tests used for GDM screening were random blood sugar (56.8%), fasting blood sugar (32.8%), HbA1C (6%) and 75 g OGTT (3.4%). The uptake of the OGTT was 27%. Of these women the prevalence of GDM was 27.9%. Factors associated with screening for GDM were history of big baby, history of pregnancy induced hypertension and participant awareness of GDM (all p: < 0.05). Conclusions Screening for GDM among women attending ANC was lower than the World Health Organization target. Efforts should be directed towards promoting GDM screening, increasing awareness about GDM and developing more effective screening methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akampa Mukuve
- Department of Family Medicine, Post Graduate Medical Education, Aga Khan University, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
| | - Mariam Noorani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aga Khan University, P.O BOX 38129, Plot 42, Ufukoni Road, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | | | - Miriam Mgonja
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
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Ali N, Elbarazi I, Alabboud S, Al-Maskari F, Loney T, Ahmed LA. Antenatal Care Initiation Among Pregnant Women in the United Arab Emirates: The Mutaba'ah Study. Front Public Health 2020; 8:211. [PMID: 32596198 PMCID: PMC7300181 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Antenatal care (ANC) provides monitoring and regular follow-up of maternal and fetal health during pregnancy. Women with appropriate ANC tend to have better delivery and birth outcomes. This study describes the patterns of ANC utilization and factors associated with appropriate ANC initiation in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) for the first time. Methods: Baseline cross-sectional data from pregnant women who participated in the Mutaba'ah-Mother and Child Health Study between May 2017 and January 2019 was analyzed. Participants were recruited during ANC visits and completed a self-administered questionnaire that collected socio-demographic and pregnancy-related information and assessed whether it was their first ANC appointment. Regression models assessed the relationship between socio-demographic and pregnancy-related variables and "appropriate" (≤ 4 months' gestation) vs. "late" ANC initiation (>4 months' gestation). Results: At recruitment, 841 participants reported that it was their first ANC visit and half (50.2%) of these women were late initiating their ANC. Mothers who were more educated, had previous infertility treatment or previous miscarriages were all more likely to achieve appropriate ANC initiation [adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 1.66, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.05-2.62; aOR: 3.68, 95% CI: 1.50-9.04; aOR: 1.80, 95% CI: 1.16-2.79, respectively]. Women worrying about childbirth were less likely to achieve appropriate ANC initiation (aOR: 0.54, 95% CI: 0.34-0.85). Conclusion: Half of pregnant women in this study did not achieve the global consensus guidelines on appropriate ANC initiation. Interventions among less educated women and those with previous pregnancy complications and childbirth anxiety are recommended to ensure appropriate ANC initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasloon Ali
- Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Iffat Elbarazi
- Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.,College of Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Souha Alabboud
- Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Fatima Al-Maskari
- Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.,Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Tom Loney
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Luai A Ahmed
- Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Is Associated with Age-Specific Alterations in Markers of Adiposity in Offspring: A Narrative Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17093187. [PMID: 32375312 PMCID: PMC7246521 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17093187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Maternal hyperglycemia alters an offspring’s metabolic health outcomes, as demonstrated by the increased risk for obesity, impaired glucose handling and diabetes from early childhood onwards. Infant growth patterns are associated with childhood adiposity and metabolic health outcomes and, as such, can be used as potential markers to detect suboptimal metabolic development at an early age. Hence, we aimed to assess whether gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has an impact on offspring growth trajectories. Outcomes included weight gain (WG), body mass index (BMI), and skin fold thickness (SFT) measured at least at two time points from birth to later childhood. In addition, we explored the role of early life pre- and post-natal nutritional modifiable factors on longitudinal growth in infants of mother with GDM (GDM–F1). Despite the large heterogeneity of the studies, we can still conclude that GDM seems to be associated with altered growth outcomes in the offspring. More specifically, these alterations in growth outcomes seem to be rather time-specific. Increased SFT were reported particularly at birth, with limited information on reporting SFT between 2–5 y, and increased adiposity, measured via SFT and BMI, appeared mainly in later childhood (5–10 y). Studies evaluating longitudinal growth outcomes suggested a potential role of early life nutritional modifiable factors including maternal nutrition and breastfeeding. These may impact the cycle of adverse metabolic health by attenuating growth outcome alterations among GDM–F1. Conclusions: Timely diagnoses of growth deviations in infancy are crucial for early identification of GDM–F1 who are at risk for childhood overweight and metabolic disease development.
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Pirdehghan A, Eslahchi M, Esna-Ashari F, Borzouei S. Health literacy and diabetes control in pregnant women. J Family Med Prim Care 2020; 9:1048-1052. [PMID: 32318465 PMCID: PMC7114019 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_891_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Low health literacy (HL) is associated with an extensive range of health outcomes. Objective: The present study was performed to inquire about the relationship between HL and glycemic control in gestational diabetes in order to design interventional future preventing programs. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 104 Iranian pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) referred from urban and rural areas to endocrinology clinic of Hamadan Beheshti Hospital, in 2017. Iranian Health Literacy Questionnaire (IHLQ) and a sociodemographic checklist were distributed among women. Correlation between HL and glycemic control was examined using SPSS. The significance level was set at P < 0.05. Results: Among women, 48.1% (50) were affected by uncontrolled diabetes and only 22% (11) had an adequate level of HL. An adequate level of HL were 50% and 22% in glycemic controlled and uncontrolled women, respectively. In univariate analysis, there was a significant relationship between diabetes control and adequate HL. So, problematic HL could increase the chance of uncontrolled diabetes more than three times (odds ratio: 3.5; CI: 1.5–8.3; P value: 0.004). Among all related variables, education and being housewife were considered as protective and risk factors for problematic HL, respectively. Conclusion: In conclusion, this study has provided evidence of limited HL and its relationship with low glycemic control in pregnant women with GDM. The problem was more serious in low educated, rural, housekeepers, and older-aged women. This deficit needs to be addressed by health planners and policymakers who are responsible for promoting the health of people and decreasing health inequalities community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azar Pirdehghan
- Department of Community and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Research Center for Health Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Eslahchi
- Medical Student, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Esna-Ashari
- Department of Community and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Research Center for Health Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Shiva Borzouei
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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Shareef M, Saleh L, van den Meiracker AH, Visser W. The impact of implementing the WHO-2013 criteria for gestational diabetes mellitus on its prevalence and pregnancy outcomes: A comparison of the WHO-1999 and WHO-2013 diagnostic thresholds. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2020; 246:14-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2019.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Miao ZR, Wu HH, Zhang YZ, Sun WJ, Lu DF, Yang HX, Zhang JQ, Guo XH. Evaluation of the gestational diabetes mellitus diagnostic criteria recommended by the international association of diabetes and pregnancy study group for long-term maternal postpartum outcomes in mainland China. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e19242. [PMID: 32080127 PMCID: PMC7034689 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000019242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) diagnostic criteria recommended by the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Group (IADPSG) were established based on the Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome (HAPO) study and have been the most commonly used criteria for determining GDM worldwide. Although individuals from mainland China were not included in the HAPO study, the IADPSG criteria have been used in China since 2011. However, the appropriateness of the criteria for evaluating maternal postpartum outcomes in mainland China are unknown. We conducted this study to determine whether the IADPSG criteria are appropriate for Chinese patients for evaluating long-term maternal postpartum outcomes.Eighty-four patients who were diagnosed with hyperglycemia during pregnancy and had delivery in Peking University First Hospital from February 2007 to December 2009 were enrolled in the study. For patients in Group A, GDM was diagnosed using both the National Diabetes Data Group (NDDG) and the IADPSG criteria, while patients in Group B, gestational impaired glucose tolerance (GIGT) was diagnosed using the NDDG criteria while GDM was diagnosed based on the IADPSG criteria. Anthropometric data, glucose metabolism, lipid profiles, β cell function, and insulin resistance index were evaluated and compared to baseline after 5- to 6-year postpartum period.Patients in group A had significantly higher oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) fasting, 2-hour and 3-hour plasma glucose levels compared to patients in group B at 24 to 28 weeks of gestation (P < .05). No significant differences were observed between the groups for anthropometric data, postpartum abnormal glucose metabolism (50.91% vs 44.83%, P = .596), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) (16.36% vs 3.45%, P = .167), lipid profiles, β cell function (homeostasis model assessment β-cell function index (HOMA-β) 1.04 vs 0.99, P = .935) and insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) 2.01 vs 1.69, P = .583).Patients diagnosed with GDM using either the NDDG or IADPSG criteria had abnormal glucose levels and lipid metabolism after delivery. Patients with mild hyperglycemia had similar postpartum β-cell functional impairment and insulin resistance to those with moderate hyperglycemia during pregnancy. Hence, with respect to maternal long-term postpartum outcomes, the IADPSG diagnostic criteria for GDM could be appropriate for patients in mainland China.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Wei-Jie Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | | | - Hui-Xia Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
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Samsuddin S, Arumugam PA, Md Amin MS, Yahya A, Musa N, Lim LL, Paramasivam SS, Ratnasingam J, Ibrahim L, Chooi KC, Tan A, Tan PC, Omar SZ, Samingan N, Ahmad Kamar A, Anuar Zaini A, Jalaluddin MY, Vethakkan SR. Maternal lipids are associated with newborn adiposity, independent of GDM status, obesity and insulin resistance: a prospective observational cohort study. BJOG 2019; 127:490-499. [PMID: 31778255 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.16031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the association between maternal lipaemia and neonatal anthropometrics in Malaysian mother-offspring pairs. DESIGN Prospective observational cohort study. SETTING Single tertiary multidisciplinary antenatal clinic in Malaysia. POPULATION A total of 507 mothers: 145 with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM); 94 who were obese with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) (pre-gravid body mass index, BMI ≥ 27.5 kg/m2 ), and 268 who were not obese with NGT. METHODS Maternal demographic, anthropometric, and clinical data were collected during an interview/examination using a structured questionnaire. Blood was drawn for insulin, C-peptide, triglyceride (Tg), and non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) during the 75-g 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) screening, and again at 36 weeks of gestation. At birth, neonatal anthropometrics were assessed and data such as gestational weight gain (GWG) were extracted from the records. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Macrosomia, large-for-gestational-age (LGA) status, cohort-specific birthweight (BW), neonatal fat mass (NFM), and sum of skinfold thickness (SSFT) > 90th centile. RESULTS Fasting Tg > 95th centile (3.6 mmol/L) at screening for OGTT was independently associated with LGA (adjusted odds ratio, aOR 10.82, 95% CI 1.26-93.37) after adjustment for maternal glucose, pre-gravid BMI, and insulin sensitivity. Fasting glucose was independently associated with a birthweight ratio (BWR) of >90th centile (aOR 2.06, 95% CI 1.17-3.64), but not with LGA status, in this well-treated GDM cohort with pre-delivery HbA1c of 5.27%. In all, 45% of mothers had a pre-gravid BMI of <23 kg/m2 and 61% had a pre-gravid BMI of ≤ 25 kg/m2 , yet a GWG of >10 kg was associated with a 4.25-fold risk (95% CI 1.71-10.53) of BWR > 90th centile. CONCLUSION Maternal lipaemia and GWG at a low threshold (>10 kg) adversely impact neonatal adiposity in Asian offspring, independent of glucose, insulin resistance and pre-gravid BMI. These may therefore be important modifiable metabolic targets in pregnancy. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT Maternal lipids are associated with adiposity in Asian babies independently of pre-gravid BMI, GDM status, and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Samsuddin
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - P A Arumugam
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Md S Md Amin
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - A Yahya
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - N Musa
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - L-L Lim
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - S S Paramasivam
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - J Ratnasingam
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - L Ibrahim
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - K C Chooi
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Atb Tan
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - P C Tan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - S Z Omar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - N Samingan
- Department of Paediatrics, University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - A Ahmad Kamar
- Department of Paediatrics, University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - A Anuar Zaini
- Department of Paediatrics, University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - M Y Jalaluddin
- Department of Paediatrics, University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - S R Vethakkan
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Treatment of gestational diabetes diagnosed by the IADPSG criteria decreases excessive fetal growth. Obstet Gynecol Sci 2019; 63:19-26. [PMID: 31970124 PMCID: PMC6962583 DOI: 10.5468/ogs.2020.63.1.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective We evaluated the effect on treatment using the new International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Group (IADPSG) criteria for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) diagnosis. Methods Singleton pregnant women whose plasma glucose levels were ≥140 mg/dL on the 50 g glucose challenge test (GCT) underwent 75 g oral glucose tolerance for GDM diagnosis. During the first half of the study period, GDM was diagnosed using 2 abnormal values by Carpenter-Coustan (C-C) criteria. In the second half of the study period, 1 or more abnormal values by IADPSG criteria were used for GDM diagnosis. Pregnant women were classified into 5 groups: normal 50 g GCT, positive 50 g GCT but non-GDM, GDM by IADPSG criteria and non-treated, GDM by IADPSG criteria and treated, GDM by C-C criteria and treated. The odds ratios (ORs) for large for gestational age (LGA) and macrosomia were analyzed. Results Of the 2,678 patients, the frequency of GDM diagnosed by C-C and IADPSG criteria was 2.6% and 7.5%. ORs (95% confidence intervals [CIs]) for LGA and macrosomia in the group with GDM by IADPSG criteria and non-treated were 2.81 (95% CI, 1.47–5.38) and 2.84 (95% CI, 1.08–7.47). The risk of LGA and macrosomia did not increase in the group with GDM by IADPSG criteria and treated. Conclusion The risk of LGA and macrosomia for mild GDM diagnosed solely by IADPSG criteria depends on whether they are treated or not. Treatment of GDM based on IADPSG criteria reduces the risk of excessive fetal growth. Trial Registration Clinical Research Information Service Identifier: KCT0000776
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Bouvier D, Forest JC, Dion-Buteau E, Bernard N, Bujold E, Pereira B, Giguère Y. Association of Maternal Weight and Gestational Weight Gain with Maternal and Neonate Outcomes: A Prospective Cohort Study. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8122074. [PMID: 31783582 PMCID: PMC6947389 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8122074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the association of outcomes with pre-pregnancy body mass index (ppBMI), Institute of Medicine (IOM) recommendations about gestational weight gain, and weight gain trajectories during pregnancy. A prospective cohort of 7866 pregnant women was recruited. ppBMI and weight gain at each follow up visit were collected. The outcomes were gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP), caesarean delivery, macrosomia, small (SGA) and large (LGA) for gestational age, neonatal hypoglycemia. Group-based multi-trajectory modelling was used for weight kinetics during pregnancy. In the third trimester, 53.8% of women were above IOM recommendations, with an increased relative risk (RR) of HDP (1.91 (1.40-2.61)), caesarean (1.34 (1.15-1.56)), macrosomia (2.17 (1.77-2.67)), LGA (2.26 (1.83-2.80)), and hypoglycemia (1.89 (1.12-3.18)). Women with a weight gain above IOM recommendations in the second trimester who normalized their weight gain in third trimester had, compared to those who remained above IOM recommendations, fewer events of HDP (2.8% versus 5.3%, p = 0.008), caesarean delivery (16.9% versus 22%, p = 0.006), macrosomia (8.3% versus 14.2%, p < 0.001), and LGA (7% versus 13.2%, p < 0.001). Multi-trajectory modelling identified three profiles with continued variation in RR of complications, including GDM. Weight gain above IOM recommendations increased the risk of perinatal complications. A correction of excessive weight gain in the second trimester reduces these risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Bouvier
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetic Department, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, Faculty of Medicine, CNRS 6293, INSERM 1103, GReD, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France;
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Québec City, G1V 0A6, Canada;
| | - Jean-Claude Forest
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Québec City, G1V 0A6, Canada;
| | - Emilie Dion-Buteau
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, G1L 3L5, Canada; (E.D.-B.); (N.B.)
| | - Nathalie Bernard
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, G1L 3L5, Canada; (E.D.-B.); (N.B.)
| | - Emmanuel Bujold
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, G1V 0A6, Canada;
| | - Bruno Pereira
- Biostatistics Unit (DRCI), CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France;
| | - Yves Giguère
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Québec City, G1V 0A6, Canada;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-418-525-4444
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Bouvier D, Forest JC, Blanchon L, Bujold E, Pereira B, Bernard N, Gallot D, Sapin V, Giguère Y. Risk Factors and Outcomes of Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes in a Cohort of 6968 Pregnant Women Prospectively Recruited. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8111987. [PMID: 31731659 PMCID: PMC6912547 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8111987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We revisited risk factors and outcomes related to the preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM). A total of 7866 pregnant women were recruited during 5 years at their first prenatal visit to the perinatal clinic of the institution. We compared three groups (women without prematurity, women with spontaneous preterm labor with intact membranes (sPL with IM), women with PPROM) regarding 60 criteria about characteristics, lifestyle, medical, gynecological, obstetrical history of mothers, medication during pregnancy, events at delivery, and complications in neonates. Logistic regression analyses adjusting for potential confounding factors were used. Of the 6968 women selected, 189 (2.8%) presented a PPROM, and 225 (3.2%) an sPL with IM. The specific risk factors for PPROM were body mass index (BMI) <18.5 kg/m2 (adjusted odds ratio, aOR: 2.00 (1.09-3.67)), history of PPROM (aOR: 2.75 (1.19-6.36)), nulliparity (aOR: 2.52 (1.77-3.60)), gestational diabetes (aOR: 1.87 (1.16-2.99)), and low level of education (aOR: 2.39 (1.20-4.78)). The complications associated with PPROM were abruption placentae, cesarean, APGAR 5' <4, birth weight <2500 g, stillbirth, neonatal jaundice, and hospitalization of mother and neonates. All these complications were also associated with sPL with IM. Our study confirms some of the risk factors of PPROM and highlights a new one: gestational diabetes. Outcomes of PPROM are related to prematurity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Bouvier
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetic Department, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Faculty of Medicine, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS 6293, INSERM 1103, GReD, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-4-73-75-48-82
| | - Jean-Claude Forest
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical biochemistry and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (J.-C.F.); (Y.G.)
| | - Loïc Blanchon
- Faculty of Medicine, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS 6293, INSERM 1103, GReD, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France;
| | - Emmanuel Bujold
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada;
| | - Bruno Pereira
- Biostatistics Unit (DRCI), CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France;
| | - Nathalie Bernard
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1L 3L5, Canada;
| | - Denis Gallot
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Faculty of Medicine, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS 6293, INSERM 1103, GReD, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France;
| | - Vincent Sapin
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetic Department, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Faculty of Medicine, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS 6293, INSERM 1103, GReD, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France;
| | - Yves Giguère
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical biochemistry and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (J.-C.F.); (Y.G.)
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Hautala L, Englund E, Turkmen S. Performance of Variables in Screening for Gestational Diabetes. EUROPEAN ENDOCRINOLOGY 2019; 15:101-105. [PMID: 31616501 PMCID: PMC6785955 DOI: 10.17925/ee.2019.15.2.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. The strategies used to screen for GDM vary both internationally and nationally. Therefore, we investigated the performance of the capillary random plasma glucose (RPG) test, maternal body mass index (BMI) and maternal age in predicting GDM. Methods: In a retrospective cohort study, we included pregnant women without pre-existing diabetes or metabolic disease who gave birth in Västernorrland County, Sweden, in 2015–2016. Values for RPG in gestational weeks 23–28 were obtained from obstetric medical records for each pregnancy. The development of GDM was confirmed by evaluating data in the obstetric records. The ability of RPG, maternal BMI, and age to predict GDM was assessed with receiver-operating characteristic curves. Results: In total, 4,698 pregnancies were included in the final statistical analysis. RPG was fairly effective in screening (area under the curve [AUC] 0.73; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.66–0.80), and BMI performed slightly better (AUC 0.75; 95% CI 0.68–0.82), whereas maternal age performed poorly (AUC 0.61; 95% CI 0.53–0.68). Combining RPG ≥7 and BMI ≥27.9 yielded the best overall sensitivity (75.4%), specificity (70.1%), and AUC (0.75; 95% CI 0.68–0.82). Conclusions: Our results show that the sensitivity of capillary RPG alone in predicting GDM is fair. The combination of RPG with maternal BMI or age showed greater sensitivity. However, none of the screening factors (RPG, BMI, and maternal age), alone or combined, showed sufficiently good performance in predicting GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Hautala
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Sundsvalls Research Unit, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Erling Englund
- Department Research and Development, Statistic Section, Sundsvall County Hospital, Sundsvall, Sweden
| | - Sahruh Turkmen
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Sundsvalls Research Unit, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Alqudah A, McMullan P, Todd A, O’Doherty C, McVey A, McConnell M, O’Donoghue J, Gallagher J, Watson CJ, McClements L. Service evaluation of diabetes management during pregnancy in a regional maternity hospital: potential scope for increased self-management and remote patient monitoring through mHealth solutions. BMC Health Serv Res 2019; 19:662. [PMID: 31514743 PMCID: PMC6743173 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-019-4471-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pre-gestational and gestational diabetes mellitus are common complications in pregnancy affecting one in six pregnancies. The maternity services are under significant strain managing the increasing number of complex pregnancies. This has an impact on patients' experience of antenatal care. Therefore, there is a clear need to address pregnancy care. One possible solution is to use home-based digital technology to reduce clinic visits and improve clinical monitoring. METHODS The aim of this study was to evaluate the antenatal services provided to pregnant women with diabetes who were monitored at the joint metabolic and obstetric clinic at the Southern Health and Social Care Trust in Northern Ireland. RESULTS The questionnaires were completed by sixty-three women, most of whom had gestational diabetes mellitus. Most of the participants were between 25 and 35 years of age (69.8%), had one or more children (65.1%) and spent over 2 h attending the clinics (63.9%); 78% of women indicated that their travel time to and from the clinic appointment was over 15 min. Over 70% of women used smartphones for health-related purposes. However, only 8.8% used smartphones to manage their health or diabetes. Less than 25% of the women surveyed expressed concerns about using digital technology from home to monitor various aspects of their health in pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS Overall, pregnant women who had or developed diabetes in pregnancy experience frequent hospital visits and long waiting times in the maternity clinics. Most of these pregnant women are willing to self-manage their condition from home and to be monitored remotely by the healthcare staff.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelrahim Alqudah
- The Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
- School of Pharmacy, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Paul McMullan
- Craigavon Area Hospital, Southern Health and Social Care Trust, Craigavon, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Todd
- Craigavon Area Hospital, Southern Health and Social Care Trust, Craigavon, United Kingdom
| | - Conor O’Doherty
- Craigavon Area Hospital, Southern Health and Social Care Trust, Craigavon, United Kingdom
| | - Anne McVey
- Craigavon Area Hospital, Southern Health and Social Care Trust, Craigavon, United Kingdom
| | - Mae McConnell
- Craigavon Area Hospital, Southern Health and Social Care Trust, Craigavon, United Kingdom
| | | | - Joe Gallagher
- gHealth Research group, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Chris J. Watson
- The Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Lana McClements
- The Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Alamolhoda SH, Yazdkhasti M, Namdari M, Zakariayi SJ, Mirabi P. Association between C-reactive protein and gestational diabetes: a prospective study. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2019; 40:349-353. [DOI: 10.1080/01443615.2019.1631767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seideh Hanieh Alamolhoda
- Midwifery and Reproductive Health Research Center, Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mansoreh Yazdkhasti
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Department of Midwifery, School of Medicine, Alborz university of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mahshid Namdari
- Department of Community Oral Health, Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed jafar Zakariayi
- Infertility and Reproductive Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Parvaneh Mirabi
- Infertility and Reproductive Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
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Jirakittidul P, Panichyawat N, Chotrungrote B, Mala A. Prevalence and associated factors of breastfeeding in women with gestational diabetes in a University Hospital in Thailand. Int Breastfeed J 2019; 14:34. [PMID: 31384287 PMCID: PMC6668133 DOI: 10.1186/s13006-019-0227-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), which is a medical complication that develops during pregnancy, is associated with several long-term health problems. Despite several benefits of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF), including reduction in long-term health problems in mothers with GDM, few studies have investigated breastfeeding in women with GDM and information in the Thai population is lacking. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of breastfeeding and the factors associated with breastfeeding during the first six months postpartum in women with GDM. Methods A questionnaire-based prospective study was conducted during November 2014 to June 2017. Study participants were first interviewed on the second day post-delivery, and then by telephone at 6 weeks, 3 months and 6 months postpartum. Breastfeeding assessment based on infant feeding practice in the last 24-h period was classified according to World Health Organization definitions. Results A total 229 women were enrolled in this study. Prevalence of any breastfeeding at 24 h, 6 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months postpartum was 28.8% (n = 66), 94.3% (n = 214), 71% (n = 154), and 49.8% (n = 104), respectively. Prevalence of EBF was 35.9% (n = 78) at 3 months, and 23% (n = 48) at 6 months after delivery. Maternal intention to breastfeed for 6 months was an independent predictor for both 6 months EBF (RR 16.38; 95% CI 2.29, 116.99) and any breastfeeding (RR 2.65; 95% CI 1.65, 4.25). Breastfeeding initiation within 24 h postpartum (RR 1.38; 95% CI 1.08, 1.76) and being a government officer or private business owner (RR 1.66; 95% CI 1.03, 2.68) were independent predictors of any breastfeeding and EBF for 6 months, respectively. Conclusion The prevalence of breastfeeding in Thai women with GDM was lower than the national and global target goal. Maternal intention to breastfeed for at least 6 months and breastfeeding initiation were important factors associated with 6 months' breastfeeding. In order to improve the breastfeeding rate and duration, health care providers should support women's feeding decision, emphasize the benefits of breastfeeding to enhance breastfeeding intention, seek to remove or minimize barriers to the initiation of breastfeeding and reduce mother-infant separation time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeyaporn Jirakittidul
- Family Planning and Reproductive Health Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nalinee Panichyawat
- Family Planning and Reproductive Health Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Benjaphorn Chotrungrote
- Family Planning and Reproductive Health Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Athitaya Mala
- Family Planning and Reproductive Health Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Woticha EW, Deressa W, Reja A. Barriers for detection and management of gestational diabetes mellitus in southern Ethiopia: A qualitative study. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2019; 13:1827-1831. [PMID: 31235101 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) complicates the health of mother and child not only in the short term but also in the long term basis. Addressing GDM through early detection and proper management is vital to improve maternal and child health. Identifying existing barriers for detection and management is important for policy improvement. This study aims to explore barriers for detection and management of GDM in Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia. METHODS A qualitative study was conducted. Health professionals working in antenatal clinic, delivery, and other maternal health services were selected purposively. A total of 18 in-depth interviews were done. The transcripts were imported into NVIVO version 12 software packages. A qualitative thematic analysis approach was used to analyze the data. RESULTS Screening of women for GDM was done based on the risk factor assessment within 24-28 weeks of gestational age. The participants mentioned that they made diagnosis of GDM based on the World Health organization criteria. Barriers for detection and management of GDM include; lack of standard guidelines and protocols, lack of awareness among mid-level health care providers on GDM, inadequate trained health care providers, shortage of supplies and equipment and late antenatal care visits. CONCLUSIONS Policy makers and health care leadership need to address challenges by availing standard guidelines and protocols, providing on job training for health care providers, fulfilling supplies and consumables and working on early antenatal visits of pregnant mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eskinder Wolka Woticha
- School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences and Medicine, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia.
| | - Wakgari Deressa
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Ahmed Reja
- School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Nguyen PTH, Pham NM, Chu KT, Van Duong D, Van Do D. Gestational Diabetes and Breastfeeding Outcomes: A Systematic Review. Asia Pac J Public Health 2019; 31:183-198. [DOI: 10.1177/1010539519833497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Studies of gestational diabetes mellitus in relation to breastfeeding are limited, while their findings are inconsistent. This systematic review was conducted to assess the associations between gestational diabetes and breastfeeding outcomes. An initial search of PubMed, Web of Science, and ProQuest identified 518 studies, and after applying the inclusion criteria, 16 studies were finally included in the review. Four studies reported that “exclusive/predominant/full breastfeeding” rates at discharge were lower in mothers with gestational diabetes than in those without gestational diabetes, and 2 studies showed a shorter duration of “exclusive/predominant breastfeeding” in the former than in the latter. However, most studies found no apparent difference in the rate of “breastfeeding initiation”, “any breastfeeding” duration, or “any breastfeeding” in hospital and at discharge between mothers with and without gestational diabetes. In summary, mothers with gestational diabetes were less likely to exclusively breastfeed their infants and may have a shorter breastfeeding duration than other mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ngoc Minh Pham
- Thai Nguyen University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Thai Nguyen, Vietnam
| | - Khac Tan Chu
- Hai Phong University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hai Phong, Vietnam
| | | | - Dung Van Do
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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Wu H, Wu S, Zhu Y, Ye M, Shen J, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Bu S. Hsa_circRNA_0054633 is highly expressed in gestational diabetes mellitus and closely related to glycosylation index. Clin Epigenetics 2019; 11:22. [PMID: 30736847 PMCID: PMC6368772 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-019-0610-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Circular RNA (circRNA) is involved in the pathological processes of various diseases. CircRNA is more stable than linear RNAs and is expressed in high levels in tissues, making it a better biomarker candidate than linear RNAs. In this study, we aimed to identify potential circRNA biomarkers of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods A retrospective case–control study was conducted using data and samples from women treated at a hospital in China between July 10, 2017, and February 15, 2018. We collected serum samples from 40 healthy pregnant women (controls) and 40 women with GDM (cases) during the second trimester as well as 65 controls and 65 cases during the third trimester of pregnancy. Placenta tissues and neonatal cord blood were each from another 20 cases and 20 controls. We selected six circRNAs (hsa_circRNA_0054633, hsa_circRNA_103410, hsa_circRNA_063981, hsa_circRNA_102682, hsa_circRNA_0018508, and hsa_circRNA_406918) as candidate biomarkers and used quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) to measure their concentrations in the serum and placental tissues. The Pearson correlation test was used to assess the correlation between various circRNAs and between circRNA and clinical variables. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to assess the diagnostic value of circRNAs for GDM at each stage. Results Hsa_circRNA_0054633 was highly expressed in the blood during the second and third trimesters; its expression was also high in the placenta but low in the cord blood (P < 0.05). Hsa_cirRNA_0054633 was highly correlated with GHBA1 and GHBA1c levels in maternal blood samples at various stages of the GDM group (including placental tissue and umbilical cord blood) (P < 0.05). Hsa_circRNA_063981, hsa_circRNA_102682, and hsa_circRNA_103410 were also differentially expressed between the case and control groups at different stages (P < 0.05). There was a strong correlation between hsa_circRNA_0054633 and hsa_circRNA_103410 levels in third-trimester maternal blood (P = 0.000, r = 0.554) and in neonatal umbilical cord blood (P = 0.000, r = 0.866). Hsa_circRNA_0054633 showed a significant diagnostic value in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy, placenta, and cord blood (AUC = 0.793, 0.664, 0.747, and 0.783, respectively, P < 0.001). Conclusion This study suggests that hsa_cirRNA_0054633 is abnormally expressed in GDM patients and may play a potential role in the development of GDM. The possibility of using circRNAs for the diagnosis of GDM requires additional investigation in future studies. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13148-019-0610-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangyu Wu
- Diabetes Research Center, Medical School, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, China
| | - Siyang Wu
- Diabetes Research Center, Medical School, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yingchao Zhu
- Diabetes Research Center, Medical School, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mei Ye
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Ningbo University Medical Center Lihuili Eastern Hospital, Taipei Medical University, 1111 Jiangnan Road, Ningbo, 315048, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun Shen
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Ningbo University Medical Center Lihuili Eastern Hospital, Taipei Medical University, 1111 Jiangnan Road, Ningbo, 315048, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Ningbo University Medical Center Lihuili Eastern Hospital, Taipei Medical University, 1111 Jiangnan Road, Ningbo, 315048, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yisheng Zhang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Ningbo University Medical Center Lihuili Eastern Hospital, Taipei Medical University, 1111 Jiangnan Road, Ningbo, 315048, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Shizhong Bu
- Diabetes Research Center, Medical School, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, China.
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Masalin S, Laine MK, Kautiainen H, Gissler M, Raina M, Pennanen P, Eriksson JG. Impact of maternal height and gestational diabetes mellitus on offspring birthweight. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2019; 148:110-118. [PMID: 30641170 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate the impact of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and maternal height on offspring birthweight. METHODS This is an observational cohort study, encompassing 4 111 Finnish primiparous women from Vantaa city, Finland, with singleton deliveries between 2009 and 2015. Data were obtained from the Finnish Medical Birth Register. The study population was divided into five groups according to maternal height. Cut-offs for height levels were I ≤ 158 cm, II 159-163 cm, III 164-167 cm, IV 168-172 cm, V ≥ 173 cm. The main outcome measure was offspring birthweight, expressed as Z-scores according to sex and gestational age. RESULTS Independently, both maternal height and GDM increased offspring birthweight (p < 0.001 for height and GDM). When studying the interaction, a significant increase in offspring birthweight was noted only in extreme height categories; group I ≤ 158 cm (p = 0.011), group IV 168-172 cm (p = 0.010) and group V ≥ 173 cm (p < 0.001) and the impact was similar in both sexes. Maternal height had no impact on offspring ponderal index (p = 0.20 for trend). CONCLUSIONS In extreme height categories, short and tall primiparous women with GDM are at risk for delivering larger offspring compared to women without GDM of similar height.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senja Masalin
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Merja K Laine
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Vantaa Health Center, Vantaa, Finland
| | - Hannu Kautiainen
- Primary Health Care Unit, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mika Gissler
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Information Department, Helsinki, Finland; Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marko Raina
- Vantaa Health Center, Vantaa, Finland; Apotti, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Johan G Eriksson
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland; National Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, Helsinki, Finland; Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science and Technology (A*STAR), Singapore; Obstetrics & Gynecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore
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Onyenekwe B, Young E, Nwatu C, Okafor C, Ugwueze C, Chukwu S. Prevalence of Gestational Diabetes in South East Nigeria Using the Updated Diagnostic Guidelines. DUBAI DIABETES AND ENDOCRINOLOGY JOURNAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1159/000500089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
<b><i>Background:</i></b> Controversy still surrounds the choice of screening methods for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Updated guidelines on hyperglycemias in pregnancy, recognizes 2 categories; Diabetes in pregnancy or pre-gestational diabetes and GDM. Early screening and diagnosis of GDM prevents maternal and fetal adverse outcomes. <b><i>Study Objective:</i></b> The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of GDM and associated risk factors in a population of pregnant women in Enugu, South East Nigeria. <b><i>Materials and Methods:</i></b> The study was cross sectional and descriptive. All pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic were eligible for the study. A risk factor assessment questionnaire was administered. The one step universal screening with 75 g oral glucose tolerance test was used. The results were tabulated and categorized according to the World Health Organization (2013) Diagnostic Criteria. Statistical analysis was by SPSS version 21. <b><i>Result:</i></b> A total of 205 women were initially screened. Risk factors for GDM were identified in up to third of the subjects. They were aged 15–41 years (28.6 ± 4.9 years). OGTT was performed in 142 of the subjects (who came fasting). Gestational age was 8–40 weeks (28.5 ± 7.3); gravidity, 1–9 (2.4 ± 1.5); parity, 0–4 (1.3 ± 1.4); miscarriages, 0–5; and live births, 0–5. Blood glucose levels were 60–145 mg/dL (85.5 ± 12.5) fasting; 77–229 mg/dL (131.8 ± 27.2) at 1 h and 72–223 mg/dL (123.1 ± 25.0) at 2 h post glucose load. The WHO (2013) criteria for GDM were met in 51 subjects (35.9%), WHO 1999 in 29 (20.4%); IAPDSG/American Diabetes Association in 54 (38%); NICE in 44 (31%) and DIPSI in 25 (17.6%). Three subjects had diabetes in pregnancy. Previous miscarriages and macrosomic babies, family history of diabetes mellitus, previous GDM, hypertension and recurrent urinary tract infection were found to be significant risk factors for the development of GDM. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> The study highlights the high prevalence of GDM in our local population. At every level, screening and management of GDM should be incorporated as a routine antenatal service.
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Kim SM, Hwang KA, Go RE, Sung JH, Choi DW, Choi KC. Exposure to cigarette smoke via respiratory system may induce abnormal alterations of reproductive organs in female diabetic rats. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2019; 34:13-21. [PMID: 30421503 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Cigarette smoke (CS) has harmful effects on human fertility, reproduction, and development as well as on patients suffering from metabolic diseases such as diabetes than on healthy individuals. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between CS exposure and histological alterations of reproductive organs in female diabetic rats. We evaluated the histology of uteruses and ovaries obtained from female rats exposed to smoke from standard cigarettes for 4 weeks (28 hours a week). After CS exposure, tissue slides were made from uterine and ovarian samples and examined after hematoxylin and eosin staining. Immunohistochemistry was used for detection of matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9), C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4), and estrogen receptor (ER)α in the uterus and ovary. MMP9 is an inflammatory biomarker that increases during progression to endometriosis. As a chemokine receptor, CXCR4 is involved in development of the inner wall of the uterus and cell adhesion. In the uterus, the occurrence of MMP9, CXCR4, and ERα and the number of endometrial glands were increased by CS exposure, while in the ovary, occurrence of MMP9, CXCR4, ERα, proliferating cell nuclear antigen and the number of corpus lutea or cyst follicles were increased by CS exposure. Collectively, this study indicates that CS induced abnormal development of the uterus and ovary under induced diabetes, leading to adverse effects on normal function of reproductive organs in female rats. HIGHLIGHTS: Cigarette smoke (CS) exposure adversely affected reproductive organs of diabetic female rats. In the uterus, expression of matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9), C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4), estrogen receptor (ER)α, and the number of endometrial glands were increased by CS exposure, In the ovary, the expression of MMP9, CXCR4, ERα, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen and the number of corpus lutea or cyst follicles were increased by CS exposure. Exposure to CS via the respiratory system exerted a harmful impact on the uterus and ovary in female rats with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Min Kim
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-A Hwang
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Ryeo-Eun Go
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hyuck Sung
- Laboratory of Bioconvergence Technology, Korea Conformity Laboratories, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dal-Woong Choi
- Department of Public Health Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Chul Choi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
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50
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Cesta CE, Cohen JM, Pazzagli L, Bateman BT, Bröms G, Einarsdóttir K, Furu K, Havard A, Heino A, Hernandez-Diaz S, Huybrechts KF, Karlstad Ø, Kieler H, Li J, Leinonen MK, Gulseth HL, Tran D, Yu Y, Zoega H, Odsbu I. Antidiabetic medication use during pregnancy: an international utilization study. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2019; 7:e000759. [PMID: 31798900 PMCID: PMC6861111 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2019-000759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Diabetes in pregnancy and consequently the need for treatment with antidiabetic medication (ADM) has become increasingly prevalent. The prevalence and patterns of use of ADM in pregnancy from 2006 onward in seven different countries was assessed. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Data sources included individually linked data from the nationwide health registers in Denmark (2006-2016), Finland (2006-2016), Iceland (2006-2012), Norway (2006-2015), Sweden (2006-2015), state-wide administrative and claims data for New South Wales, Australia (2006-2012) and two US insurance databases: Medicaid Analytic eXtract (MAX; 2006-2012, public) and IBM MarketScan (2012-2015, private). The prevalence of ADM use was calculated as the proportion of pregnancies with at least one filled prescription of an ADM in the 90 days before pregnancy or within the three trimesters of pregnancy. RESULTS Prevalence of any ADM use in 5 279 231 pregnancies was 3% (n=147 999) and varied from under 2% (Denmark, Norway, and Sweden) to above 5% (Australia and US). Insulin was the most used ADM, and metformin was the most used oral hypoglycemic agent with increasing use over time in all countries. In 11.4%-62.5% of pregnancies with prepregnancy use, ADM (primarily metformin) was discontinued. When ADM treatment was initiated in late pregnancy for treatment of gestational diabetes mellitus, insulin was most often dispensed, except in the US, where glibenclamide was most often used. CONCLUSIONS Prevalence and patterns of use of ADM classes varied between countries and over time. While insulin remained the most common ADM used in pregnancy, metformin use increased significantly over the study period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn E Cesta
- Centre for Pharmacoepidemiology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jacqueline M Cohen
- Department of Chronic Diseases and Ageing, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Laura Pazzagli
- Centre for Pharmacoepidemiology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Brian T Bateman
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gabriella Bröms
- Centre for Pharmacoepidemiology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Danderyds Sjukhus AB, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kristjana Einarsdóttir
- Centre of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Kari Furu
- Department of Chronic Diseases and Ageing, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Alys Havard
- Centre for Big Data Research in Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Anna Heino
- Information Services Department, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sonia Hernandez-Diaz
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard University T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Krista F Huybrechts
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Øystein Karlstad
- Department of Chronic Diseases and Ageing, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Helle Kieler
- Centre for Pharmacoepidemiology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department for Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jiong Li
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus Universitet, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Maarit K Leinonen
- Information Services Department, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hanne L Gulseth
- Department of Chronic Diseases and Ageing, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Duong Tran
- Centre for Big Data Research in Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yongfu Yu
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus Universitet, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Helga Zoega
- Centre of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Centre for Big Data Research in Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ingvild Odsbu
- Centre for Pharmacoepidemiology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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