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Soto-Catalán M, Opazo-Ríos L, Quiceno H, Lázaro I, Moreno JA, Gómez-Guerrero C, Egido J, Mas-Fontao S. Semaglutide Improves Liver Steatosis and De Novo Lipogenesis Markers in Obese and Type-2-Diabetic Mice with Metabolic-Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2961. [PMID: 38474208 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic-dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a prevalent clinical condition associated with elevated morbidity and mortality rates. Patients with MASLD treated with semaglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, demonstrate improvement in terms of liver damage. However, the mechanisms underlaying this beneficial effect are not yet fully elucidated. We investigated the efficacy of semaglutide in halting MASLD progression using a genetic mouse model of diabesity. Leptin-receptor-deficient mice with obesity and diabetes (BKS db/db) were either untreated or administered with semaglutide for 11 weeks. Changes in food and water intake, body weight and glycemia were monitored throughout the study. Body fat composition was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Upon sacrifice, serum biochemical parameters, liver morphology, lipidomic profile and liver-lipid-related pathways were evaluated. The semaglutide-treated mice exhibited lower levels of glycemia, body weight, serum markers of liver dysfunction and total and percentage of fat mass compared to untreated db/db mice without a significant reduction in food intake. Histologically, semaglutide reduced hepatic steatosis, hepatocellular ballooning and intrahepatic triglycerides. Furthermore, the treatment ameliorated the hepatic expression of de novo lipogenesis markers and modified lipid composition by increasing the amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids. The administration of semaglutide to leptin-receptor-deficient, hyperphagic and diabetic mice resulted in the amelioration of MASLD, likely independently of daily caloric intake, suggesting a direct effect of semaglutide on the liver through modulation of the lipid profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Soto-Catalán
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Spanish Biomedical Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucas Opazo-Ríos
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Spanish Biomedical Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Las Américas, Concepción-Talcahuano 4301099, Chile
| | - Hernán Quiceno
- Department of Pathology, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Iolanda Lázaro
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Epidemiology and Public Health Program, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Moreno
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 140471 Cordoba, Spain
- Maimónides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Carmen Gómez-Guerrero
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Spanish Biomedical Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Egido
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Spanish Biomedical Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sebastian Mas-Fontao
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Spanish Biomedical Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedicine, Universidad Alfonso X el Sabio (UAX), 28691 Madrid, Spain
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Nag S, Mandal S, Mukherjee O, Majumdar T, Mukhopadhyay S, Kundu R. Vildagliptin inhibits high fat and fetuin-A mediated DPP-4 expression, intracellular lipid accumulation and improves insulin secretory defects in pancreatic beta cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167047. [PMID: 38296116 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4), a ubiquitous proteolytic enzyme, inhibits insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells by inactivating circulating incretin hormones GLP-1 and GIP. High circulating levels of DPP-4 is presumed to compromise insulin secretion in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Our group recently reported lipid induced DPP-4 expression in pancreatic beta cells, mediated by the TLR4-NFkB pathway. In the present study, we looked at the role of Vildagliptin on pancreatic DPP-4 inhibition, preservation of islet mass and restoration of insulin secretion. MIN6 mouse insulinoma cells incubated with palmitate and fetuin-A, a proinflammatory organokine associated with insulin resistance, showed activation of TLR4-NFkB pathway, which was rescued on Vildagliptin treatment. In addition, Vildagliptin, by suppressing palmitate-fetuin-A mediated DPP-4 expression in MIN6, prevented the secretion of IL-1beta and fetuin-A in the culture media. DPP-4 siRNA abrogated TLR4-NFkB pathway mediated islet cell inflammation. Vildagliptin also reduced palmitate-fetuin-A mediated intracellular lipid accumulation in MIN6 and isolated islets from high fat fed (HFD) mice as observed by Oil O Red staining with downregulation of CD36 and PPARgamma. Vildagliptin also preserved islet mass and rescued insulin secretory defect in HFD mice. Our results suggest that inhibition of DPP-4 by Vildagliptin protects pancreatic beta cells from the deleterious effects of lipid and fetuin-A, preserves insulin secretory functions and improves hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snehasish Nag
- Cell Signaling Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Siksha Bhavana (Institute of Science), Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan 731235, India
| | - Samanwita Mandal
- Cell Signaling Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Siksha Bhavana (Institute of Science), Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan 731235, India
| | - Oindrila Mukherjee
- Cell Signaling Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Siksha Bhavana (Institute of Science), Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan 731235, India
| | - Tanmay Majumdar
- National Institute of Immunology (NII), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Satinath Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Institute of Post-Graduate Medical Education & Research-Seth Sukhlal Karnani Memorial Hospital (IPGME&R-SSKM), Kolkata 700020, India
| | - Rakesh Kundu
- Cell Signaling Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Siksha Bhavana (Institute of Science), Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan 731235, India.
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Ciccarelli G, Di Giuseppe G, Cinti F, Moffa S, Mezza T, Giaccari A. Why do some glucose-lowering agents improve non-alcoholic fatty liver disease whereas others do not? A narrative review in search of a unifying hypothesis. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2023; 39:e3668. [PMID: 37309298 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are metabolic disorders connected by common pathophysiological mechanisms. Since insulin resistance (IR) and metabolic alterations are common to both conditions, almost all glucose-lowering agents which improve IR have also been studied in patients with NAFLD. Some have shown great efficacy, others none. Thus, the mechanisms behind the efficacy of these drugs in improving hepatic steatosis, steatohepatitis, and eventually fibrosis remain controversial. Glycaemic control improves T2D, but probably has limited effects on NAFLD, as all glucose-lowering agents ameliorate glucose control but only a few improve NAFLD features. In contrast, drugs that either improve adipose tissue function, reduce lipid ingestion, or increase lipid oxidation are particularly effective in NAFLD. We therefore hypothesise that improved free fatty acid metabolism may be the unifying mechanism behind the efficacy of some glucose-lowering agents on NAFLD and may represent the key to NAFLD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gea Ciccarelli
- Centro per le Malattie Endocrine e Metaboliche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS and Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Di Giuseppe
- Centro per le Malattie Endocrine e Metaboliche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS and Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Cinti
- Centro per le Malattie Endocrine e Metaboliche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS and Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Moffa
- Centro per le Malattie Endocrine e Metaboliche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS and Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Teresa Mezza
- Centro per le Malattie Endocrine e Metaboliche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS and Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Giaccari
- Centro per le Malattie Endocrine e Metaboliche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS and Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
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Mitrovic B, Gluvic ZM, Obradovic M, Radunovic M, Rizzo M, Banach M, Isenovic ER. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes mellitus: where do we stand today? Arch Med Sci 2022; 19:884-894. [PMID: 37560721 PMCID: PMC10408022 DOI: 10.5114/aoms/150639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), metabolic syndrome (MetS), and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) are metabolic disorders that belong to a highly prevalent disease cluster with a significant impact on public health worldwide. MetS is a complex condition characterized by metabolism perturbations that include glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, dyslipidaemia, associated pro-inflammatory state, and arterial hypertension. Because the components of MetS commonly co-occur, the management of these disorders cannot be considered separate issues. Thus NAFLD, recognized as a hepatic manifestation of MetS, is frequently associated with T2DM. This review analyses the underlying connections between these diseases and the risks associated with their co-occurrence. The effective management of NAFLD associated with MetS and T2DM involves an early diagnosis and optimal treatment of each condition leading to improvement in glycaemic and lipid regulation, liver steatosis, and arterial hypertension. The net effect of such treatment is the prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases and liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bojan Mitrovic
- University Clinical-Hospital Centre Zemun-Belgrade, Clinic of Internal medicine, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zoran M. Gluvic
- University Clinical-Hospital Centre Zemun-Belgrade, Clinic of Internal medicine, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milan Obradovic
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, “VINČA” Institute of Nuclear Sciences – National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Maja Radunovic
- Faculty of Stomatology, Pancevo, University Business Academy, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Manfredi Rizzo
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Esma R. Isenovic
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, “VINČA” Institute of Nuclear Sciences – National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Patarrão RS, Duarte N, Coelho I, Ward J, Ribeiro RT, Meneses MJ, Andrade R, Costa J, Correia I, Boavida JM, Duarte R, Gardete-Correia L, Medina JL, Pell J, Petrie J, Raposo JF, Macedo MP, Penha-Gonçalves C. Prediabetes blunts DPP4 genetic control of postprandial glycaemia and insulin secretion. Diabetologia 2022; 65:861-871. [PMID: 35190847 PMCID: PMC8960640 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-021-05638-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Imbalances in glucose metabolism are hallmarks of clinically silent prediabetes (defined as impaired fasting glucose and/or impaired glucose tolerance) representing dysmetabolism trajectories leading to type 2 diabetes. CD26/dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) is a clinically proven molecular target of diabetes-controlling drugs but the DPP4 gene control of dysglycaemia is not proven. METHODS We dissected the genetic control of post-OGTT and insulin release responses by the DPP4 gene in a Portuguese population-based cohort of mainly European ancestry that comprised individuals with normoglycaemia and prediabetes, and in mouse experimental models of Dpp4 deficiency and hyperenergetic diet. RESULTS In individuals with normoglycaemia, DPP4 single-nucleotide variants governed glycaemic excursions (rs4664446, p=1.63x10-7) and C-peptide release responses (rs2300757, p=6.86x10-5) upon OGTT. Association with blood glucose levels was stronger at 30 min OGTT, but a higher association with the genetic control of insulin secretion was detected in later phases of the post-OGTT response, suggesting that the DPP4 gene directly senses glucose challenges. Accordingly, in mice fed a normal chow diet but not a high-fat diet, we found that, under OGTT, expression of Dpp4 is strongly downregulated at 30 min in the mouse liver. Strikingly, no genetic association was found in prediabetic individuals, indicating that post-OGTT control by DPP4 is abrogated in prediabetes. Furthermore, Dpp4 KO mice provided concordant evidence that Dpp4 modulates post-OGTT C-peptide release in normoglycaemic but not dysmetabolic states. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION These results showed the DPP4 gene as a strong determinant of post-OGTT levels via glucose-sensing mechanisms that are abrogated in prediabetes. We propose that impairments in DPP4 control of post-OGTT insulin responses are part of molecular mechanisms underlying early metabolic disturbances associated with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita S Patarrão
- Centro de Estudos de Doenças Crónicas (CEDOC), NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Nádia Duarte
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Inês Coelho
- Centro de Estudos de Doenças Crónicas (CEDOC), NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joey Ward
- Institute of Health & Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Rogério T Ribeiro
- Associação Protectora dos Diabéticos de Portugal/Diabetes Portugal Education and Research Center (APDP-ERC), Lisbon, Portugal
- Departamento de Ciências Médicas, Instituto de Biomedicina (iBiMED), Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Maria João Meneses
- Centro de Estudos de Doenças Crónicas (CEDOC), NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Associação Protectora dos Diabéticos de Portugal/Diabetes Portugal Education and Research Center (APDP-ERC), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rita Andrade
- Associação Protectora dos Diabéticos de Portugal/Diabetes Portugal Education and Research Center (APDP-ERC), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - João Costa
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Isabel Correia
- Associação Protectora dos Diabéticos de Portugal/Diabetes Portugal Education and Research Center (APDP-ERC), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - José Manuel Boavida
- Associação Protectora dos Diabéticos de Portugal/Diabetes Portugal Education and Research Center (APDP-ERC), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rui Duarte
- Associação Protectora dos Diabéticos de Portugal/Diabetes Portugal Education and Research Center (APDP-ERC), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Luís Gardete-Correia
- Associação Protectora dos Diabéticos de Portugal/Diabetes Portugal Education and Research Center (APDP-ERC), Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Jill Pell
- Institute of Health & Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - John Petrie
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
| | - João F Raposo
- Centro de Estudos de Doenças Crónicas (CEDOC), NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Associação Protectora dos Diabéticos de Portugal/Diabetes Portugal Education and Research Center (APDP-ERC), Lisbon, Portugal
- Sociedade Portuguesa de Diabetologia, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria Paula Macedo
- Centro de Estudos de Doenças Crónicas (CEDOC), NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
- Associação Protectora dos Diabéticos de Portugal/Diabetes Portugal Education and Research Center (APDP-ERC), Lisbon, Portugal.
- Departamento de Ciências Médicas, Instituto de Biomedicina (iBiMED), Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
- Sociedade Portuguesa de Diabetologia, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Carlos Penha-Gonçalves
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal.
- Associação Protectora dos Diabéticos de Portugal/Diabetes Portugal Education and Research Center (APDP-ERC), Lisbon, Portugal.
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Komorizono Y, Hosoyamada K, Imamura N, Kajiya S, Hashiguchi Y, Ueyama N, Shinmaki H, Koriyama N, Tsukasa M, Kamada T. Metformin dose increase versus added linagliptin in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and type 2 diabetes: An analysis of the J-LINK study. Diabetes Obes Metab 2021; 23:832-837. [PMID: 33236464 DOI: 10.1111/dom.14263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We validated the effect of linagliptin, an oral dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A total of 50 patients with NAFLD and T2DM treated with metformin were randomized (1:1) to metformin plus add-on linagliptin (linagliptin group) or to an increased dose of metformin (metformin group) for 52 weeks. The primary endpoint was change in hepatic steatosis from baseline to week 52 as quantified by unenhanced computed tomography imaging. Secondary endpoints included changes in the levels of anthropometric, biochemical and adipokinetic markers. The linagliptin group showed no statistically significant reduction in hepatic steatosis as compared to the metformin group (P = 0.97), although changes in hepatic steatosis were significantly correlated with decreased liver enzymes in both groups. Body weight was significantly reduced in the metformin group but not in the linagliptin group (P = 0.002). Serum leptin levels were significantly increased in the linagliptin group compared to the metformin group (P = 0.003), and were correlated with the changes body weight in whole samples. Adverse events were not different between the two groups (P = 0.78). Add-on linagliptin demonstrated a safe profile but was not superior to increased metformin in reducing hepatic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kaori Hosoyamada
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kagoshima Kouseiren Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Nobuyuki Koriyama
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, National Hospital Organization, Kagoshima Medical Center, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Masako Tsukasa
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Nanpuh Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Kamada
- Center of Diabetes, Idzuro-Imamura Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
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7
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Kanda J, Furukawa M, Izumo N, Shimakura T, Yamamoto N, Takahashi HE, Wakabayashi H. Effects of the linagliptin, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, on bone fragility induced by type 2 diabetes mellitus in obese mice. Drug Discov Ther 2020; 14:218-225. [PMID: 33116039 DOI: 10.5582/ddt.2020.03073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Recently, it has been suggested that glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), which play important roles in the homeostasis of glucose metabolism, could be involved in the regulation of bone metabolism. Inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4), an enzyme that degrades GIP and GLP-1, are widely used clinically as a therapeutic agent for diabetes. However, the effects of DPP-4 inhibitors on bone metabolism remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of linagliptin, a DPP-4 inhibitor, on bone fragility induced by type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Non-diabetic mice were used as controls, and T2DM mice were administered linagliptin orally on a daily basis for 12 weeks. In T2DM mice, decreased bone mineral density was observed in the lower limb bones along with low serum osteocalcin levels and high serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-5b (TRAP) levels. In contrast, the decreased serum osteocalcin levels and increased serum TRAP levels observed in T2DM mice were significantly suppressed after the administration of linagliptin 30 mg/kg. Bone histomorphometric analysis revealed a reduced osteoid volume and osteoblast surface with an increase in the eroded surface and number of osteoclasts in T2DM mice. This decreased bone formation and increased bone resorption observed in the T2DM mice were suppressed and trabecular bone volume increased following the administration of 30 mg/kg linagliptin. Collectively, these findings suggest that linagliptin may improve the microstructure of trabecular bone by inhibiting both a decrease in bone formation and an increase in bone resorption induced by T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junkichi Kanda
- Department of Clinical Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Megumi Furukawa
- General Health Medical Center, Yokohama University of Pharmacy, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Nobuo Izumo
- General Health Medical Center, Yokohama University of Pharmacy, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | - Noriaki Yamamoto
- Niigata Bone Science Institute, Niigata, Japan.,Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Niigata Rehabilitation Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | | | - Hiroyuki Wakabayashi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata, Japan
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Michurina SV, Ishchenko IY, Arkhipov SA, Cherepanova MA, Vasendin DV, Zavjalov EL. Apoptosis in the liver of male db/db mice during the development of obesity and type 2 diabetes. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii 2020; 24:435-440. [PMID: 33659827 PMCID: PMC7716519 DOI: 10.18699/vj20.43-o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and diabetes mellitus are known to lead to the development of metabolic syndrome and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The mechanisms of programmed cell death are actively involved in maintaining cellular homeostasis along development of NAFLD. Proteins of the BCL-2 family are key regulators of physiological and pathological apoptosis. Homozygous males of BKS.Cg-Dock7mLeprdb/+/+/J mice (db/db mice) are characterized by progressive obesity and the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) with severe hyperglycemia at 4–8 weeks and organ lesions at 8–10 weeks of age. The aim of this research was to study the expression of molecular cell regulators of apoptosis in liver cells of db/db mice males at different stages of obesity and diabetes development (at the age of 10 and 18 weeks). Immunohistochemical analysis (using the indirect avidin-biotin peroxidase method) and morphometric evaluation of the expression of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 and the proapoptotic protein Bad in liver cells of studied animals at different stages of obesity and DM2 were carried out. An excess of the value of the Bcl-2 protein staining area over the Bad protein staining area was revealed in the liver of 10-week-old animals. The Bcl-2/Bad expression area ratio in 10-week-old animals was twice as high as in 18-week-old animals, which indicates the presence of conditions for blocking apoptosis in the liver of younger db/ db mice. At the 18th week of life, db/db mice displayed an almost threefold increase in the expression area of the Bad protein against the background of an unchanged expression of the Bcl-2 protein. The decrease in the Bcl-2/Bad staining area ratio in 18-week-old animals was due to the increase in the Bad expression area, which indicates the absence of antiapoptotic cell protection and creates conditions for activation of the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis in the liver of male db/db mice with pronounced signs of obesity and DM2.
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Affiliation(s)
- S V Michurina
- Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology - Branch of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - I Yu Ishchenko
- Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology - Branch of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - S A Arkhipov
- Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology - Branch of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - M A Cherepanova
- Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology - Branch of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - D V Vasendin
- Siberian State University of Geosystems and Technologies, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - E L Zavjalov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
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9
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Santos FO, Correia BRO, Marinho TS, Barbosa-da-Silva S, Mandarim-de-Lacerda CA, Souza-Mello V. Anti-steatotic linagliptin pleiotropic effects encompasses suppression of de novo lipogenesis and ER stress in high-fat-fed mice. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 509:110804. [PMID: 32259637 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.110804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effects of linagliptin treatment on hepatic energy metabolism and ER stress in high-fat-fed C57BL/6 mice. METHODS Forty male C57BL/6 mice, three months of age, received a control diet (C, 10% of lipids as energy, n = 20) or high-fat diet (HF, 50% of lipids as energy, n = 20) for 10 weeks. The groups were randomly subdivided into four groups to receive linagliptin, for five weeks, at a dose of 30 mg/kg/day added to the diets: C, C-L, HF, and HF-L groups. RESULTS The HF group showed higher body mass, total and hepatic cholesterol levels and total and hepatic triacylglycerol levels than the C group, all of which were significantly diminished by linagliptin in the HF-L group. The HF group had higher hepatic steatosis than the C group, whereas linagliptin markedly reduced the hepatic steatosis (less 52%, P < 0.001). The expression of Sirt1 and Pgc1a was more significant in the HF-L group than in the HF group. Linagliptin also elicited enhanced GLP-1 concentrations and a reduction in the expression of the lipogenic genes Fas and Srebp1c. Besides, HF-L showed a reduction in the genes related to endoplasmic reticulum stress Chop, Atf4, and Gadd45 coupled with reduced apoptotic nuclei immunostaining. CONCLUSION Linagliptin caused a marked reduction in hepatic steatosis as a secondary effect of its glucose-lowering property. NAFLD countering involved reduced lipogenesis, increased beta-oxidation, and relief in endoplasmic reticulum stress, leading to reduced apoptosis and better preservation of the hepatic structure. Therefore, linagliptin may be used, preferably in diabetic patients, to avoid the progression of hepatic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- F O Santos
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Biology, The University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - B R O Correia
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Biology, The University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - T S Marinho
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Biology, The University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Sandra Barbosa-da-Silva
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Biology, The University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carlos A Mandarim-de-Lacerda
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Biology, The University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Souza-Mello
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Biology, The University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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10
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Yang X, Zhang P, Zhang F, Ke Z, Chen Q, Liu C. Protective effect of hypoglycemic granule against diabetes‐induced liver injury by alleviating glycolipid metabolic disorder and oxidative stress. J Cell Biochem 2020; 121:3221-3234. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaosong Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and AngiopathyHubei University of Science and TechnologyXianning China
| | - Pengjie Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and AngiopathyHubei University of Science and TechnologyXianning China
| | - Feixue Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and AngiopathyHubei University of Science and TechnologyXianning China
| | - Zhiqiang Ke
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and AngiopathyHubei University of Science and TechnologyXianning China
| | - Qingjie Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and AngiopathyHubei University of Science and TechnologyXianning China
| | - Chao Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and AngiopathyHubei University of Science and TechnologyXianning China
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11
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Effects of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibition on inflammation in atherosclerosis: A 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose study of a mouse model of atherosclerosis and type 2 diabetes. Atherosclerosis 2020; 305:64-72. [PMID: 32386751 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2020.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors have anti-inflammatory and atheroprotective effects. We evaluated the effects of the DPP-4 inhibitor linagliptin on atherosclerotic plaque and hepatic inflammation using histology and 2-deoxy-2-[18F]-fluoro-d-glucose (18F-FDG), a positron emission tomography tracer of inflammation, in a mouse model of hypercholesterolemia and type 2 diabetes. METHODS Igf2/Ldlr-/-Apob100/100 mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 8 weeks and then randomly allocated to receive HFD (n = 14), or HFD with added linagliptin (n = 15) for additional 12 weeks. Five mice fed a chow diet were studied as an additional control. At the end of the study, glucose tolerance, aortic and liver uptake of 18F-FDG, and histology were studied. RESULTS Mice in linagliptin and HFD groups had similar fasting glucose concentrations, but linagliptin improved glucose tolerance. Aortas of linagliptin and HFD groups showed advanced atherosclerotic plaques with no difference in the mean intima-to-media ratio or number of macrophages in the plaques. Autoradiography showed similar 18F-FDG uptake by atherosclerotic plaques in linagliptin and HFD groups (plaque-to-wall ratio: 1.7 ± 0.25 vs. 1.6 ± 0.21; p = 0.24). In the liver, linagliptin reduced the histologic inflammation score but had no effect on 18F-FDG uptake. Compared with chow diet, uptake of 18F-FDG was similar in the aorta, but higher in the liver after HFD. CONCLUSIONS Linagliptin therapy improved glucose tolerance and reduced hepatic inflammation but had no effect on plaque burden or atherosclerotic inflammation, as determined by histology and 18F-FDG uptake, in atherosclerotic mice with type 2 diabetes.
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12
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Görgens SW, Jahn-Hofmann K, Bangari D, Cummings S, Metz-Weidmann C, Schwahn U, Wohlfart P, Schäfer M, Bielohuby M. A siRNA mediated hepatic dpp4 knockdown affects lipid, but not glucose metabolism in diabetic mice. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0225835. [PMID: 31794591 PMCID: PMC6890245 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (dpp4) represents an effective and established treatment option for type 2 diabetes (T2D). The current study investigated in mice if a liver selective knock-down of dpp4 by therapeutic siRNAs could be a novel, similarly effective treatment option for T2D. Furthermore, the potential effects on hepatic steatosis, inflammation and lipid metabolism were investigated after hepato-selective knock-down of dpp4. The knock-down efficiency and IC50 values of siRNAs targeting dpp4 were analyzed in PC3 cells. In two independent studies, either db/db mice or C57BL/6J mice were injected intravenously with a liposomal formulation of siRNAs targeting either dpp4 or a non-targeting control, followed by metabolically characterization. In comparator groups, additional cohorts of mice were treated with an oral dpp4 inhibitor. In both animal studies, we observed a robust knock-down (~75%) of hepatic dpp4 with a potent siRNA. Hepatic dpp4 knockdown did not significantly affect glucose metabolism or circulating incretin concentrations in both animal studies. However, in obese and diabetic db/db mice hepatic steatosis was reduced and hepatic mRNA expression of acaca, scd1, fasn and pparg was significantly lower after siRNA treatment. Systemic inhibition of the enzymatic dpp4 activity by an oral dpp4 inhibitor significantly improved glucose handling in db/db mice but did not affect hepatic endpoints. These data demonstrate that a targeted reduction of dpp4 expression in the liver may not be sufficient to improve whole-body glucose metabolism in obese and diabetic mice but may improve hepatic lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kerstin Jahn-Hofmann
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Industriepark Hoechst, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Dinesh Bangari
- Sanofi, Global Discovery Pathology, Translational In-vivo Models Framingham, MA, United States of America
| | - Sheila Cummings
- Sanofi, Global Discovery Pathology, Translational In-vivo Models Framingham, MA, United States of America
| | | | - Uwe Schwahn
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Industriepark Hoechst, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Paulus Wohlfart
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Industriepark Hoechst, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- * E-mail: (PW); (MB)
| | - Matthias Schäfer
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Industriepark Hoechst, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Maximilian Bielohuby
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Industriepark Hoechst, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- * E-mail: (PW); (MB)
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13
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Ranjbar G, Mikhailidis DP, Sahebkar A. Effects of newer antidiabetic drugs on nonalcoholic fatty liver and steatohepatitis: Think out of the box! Metabolism 2019; 101:154001. [PMID: 31672448 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2019.154001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease in Western societies and a major cause of hepatic disease worldwide. Its more severe type, namely nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), may result in the development of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. NAFLD, and especially NASH, are also associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) predisposes to NAFLD development and progression via insulin resistance and hyperglycemia. It has also been reported that the majority of T2DM patients have NAFLD/NASH, thus potentially further increasing their cardiometabolic risk. Current guidelines recommend to screen for NAFLD in all T2DM patients and vice-versa. Lifestyle remains the first-line therapeutic option for NAFLD/NASH. Among antidiabetic drugs, pioglitazone was shown to improve histological features of NASH. More recently, there is an increasing interest regarding the effects of newer anti-diabetic drugs, such as dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors (DPP-4i), sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i), and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) on NAFLD/NASH. The present narrative review considers the up-to-date data on the impact of DPP-4i, SGLT2i, and GLP-1 RAs on biochemical and/or histological markers of NAFLD/NASH. The potential clinical implications of these findings in daily practice are also discussed. Taking into consideration the global increasing prevalence of NAFLD/NASH, therapeutic options that can prevent or treat this disease will exert considerable benefits on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Golnaz Ranjbar
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Dimitri P Mikhailidis
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College London Medical School, University College London (UCL), London, United Kingdom
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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14
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Relationships between Body Composition and Plasma Levels of Pancreatic, Gut, and Adipose Tissue Hormones in db/db Mice, a Model of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Bull Exp Biol Med 2019; 167:325-328. [PMID: 31346871 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-019-04519-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
We studied the relationships between body composition parameters and plasma levels of pancreatic, gut, and adipose tissue hormones regulating energy balance and glucose metabolism in diabetic db/db mice (BKS.Cg-Dock7m+/+Leprdb/J). The body composition parameters in mice aged 8, 12, and 16 weeks were assessed by magnetic resonance imaging. The concentrations of insulin, glucagon, ghrelin, glucagon-like peptide-1, glucose-dependent immunotropic peptide, leptin, resistin, and plasminogen activator-1 were measured by multiplex analysis at the age of 8 and 16 weeks. In comparison with non-diabetic control (db/+), db/db mice demonstrated high fat mass and reduced lean body mass and water content. In 8- and 16-week-old db/db mice, the levels of leptin (p<0.001), insulin (p<0.01), and glucagon-like peptide-1 (p<0.05) were elevated and the concentration of ghrelin (p<0.05) was reduced. The body weight and fat mass positively correlated with the levels of leptin, insulin, plasminogen activator-1, and glucagon-like peptide-1 and negatively correlated with ghrelin concentration. The results provide further details for characteristics of db/db mice, a widely used model of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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15
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Effect of Linagliptin on the Ratio of Apoptosis Regulators in the Model of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in db/db Mice. Bull Exp Biol Med 2019; 167:210-214. [PMID: 31236880 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-019-04493-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We studied the effects of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) inhibitor linagliptin on the expression of apoptosis regulator proteins Bcl-2 and Bad in the liver of db/db mice with genetically determined obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The mice received daily linagliptin or saline (placebo) by gavage from week 10 to week 18 of life. In the liver of non-treated mice, the area positively stained for Bad was greater than the area of Bcl-2 expression, which created the conditions for apoptosis activation in liver at this age. Administration of linagliptin decreased Bad stained area and increased Bcl-2 stained area in the liver cells. At the same time, Bad stained area remained larger in treated mice than the area of Bcl-2 expression area, which attested to partial normalization of pro- and antiapoptotic protein balance.
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16
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Li Y, Zhang J, Zhou Q, Wang H, Xie S, Yang X, Ji P, Zhang W, He T, Liu Y, Wang K, Li X, Shi J, Hu D. Linagliptin inhibits high glucose-induced transdifferentiation of hypertrophic scar-derived fibroblasts to myofibroblasts via IGF/Akt/mTOR signalling pathway. Exp Dermatol 2018; 28:19-27. [PMID: 30308704 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery; Xijing Hospital; Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an China
| | - Julei Zhang
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery; Xijing Hospital; Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an China
| | - Qin Zhou
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery; Xijing Hospital; Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an China
| | - Hongtao Wang
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery; Xijing Hospital; Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an China
| | - Songtao Xie
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery; Xijing Hospital; Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an China
| | - Xuekang Yang
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery; Xijing Hospital; Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an China
| | - Peng Ji
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery; Xijing Hospital; Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an China
| | - Wanfu Zhang
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery; Xijing Hospital; Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an China
| | - Ting He
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery; Xijing Hospital; Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery; Xijing Hospital; Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an China
| | - Kejia Wang
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery; Xijing Hospital; Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an China
| | - Xiaoqiang Li
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery; Xijing Hospital; Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an China
| | - Jihong Shi
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery; Xijing Hospital; Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an China
| | - Dahai Hu
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery; Xijing Hospital; Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an China
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17
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Li H, Zhang J, Lin L, Xu L. Vascular protection of DPP-4 inhibitors in retinal endothelial cells in in vitro culture. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 66:162-168. [PMID: 30466028 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
People with diabetes are at high risk of developing diabetes-related eye disease, termed as diabetic retinopathy, due damage being caused to the blood vessels in the retina. An efficient medical treatment to reduce diabetic retinopathy can improve the quality of life for diabetes patients. In our study, we show that linagliptin, a commercially available DPP-4 inhibitor, plays a protective role in retinal vascular endothelial cells. The presence of linagliptin protects retinal endothelial cells against TNF-α-induced cytotoxicity and enhances their viability. Linagliptin treatment suppresses TNF-α-induced production of reactive oxygen species and improves mitochondrial membrane potential. Moreover, linagliptin suppresses TNF-α-induced production of pro-inflammatory and pro-adhesive vascular cytokines including IL-6, IL-8, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1. The presence of linagliptin in cell media can reduce the number of THP-1 cells that adhere to retina endothelial cells. Mechanistically, linagliptin potently suppresses TNF-α-induced accumulation of NF-κB nuclear protein p65 and activation of NF-κB promoter. Our data indicate that linagliptin is an anti-inflammatory diabetic agent, with the potential to be applied as a treatment for diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital Sichuan University, China; Department of Ophthalmology, Suining Central Hospital of Sichuan Province, China
| | - Junjun Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital Sichuan University, China.
| | - Li Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Suining Central Hospital of Sichuan Province, China
| | - Lishuai Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of the North Sichuan Medical College
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Regnault C, Usal M, Veyrenc S, Couturier K, Batandier C, Bulteau AL, Lejon D, Sapin A, Combourieu B, Chetiveaux M, Le May C, Lafond T, Raveton M, Reynaud S. Unexpected metabolic disorders induced by endocrine disruptors in Xenopus tropicalis provide new lead for understanding amphibian decline. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E4416-E4425. [PMID: 29686083 PMCID: PMC5948982 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1721267115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite numerous studies suggesting that amphibians are highly sensitive to endocrine disruptors (EDs), both their role in the decline of populations and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study showed that frogs exposed throughout their life cycle to ED concentrations low enough to be considered safe for drinking water, developed a prediabetes phenotype and, more commonly, a metabolic syndrome. Female Xenopus tropicalis exposed from tadpole stage to benzo(a)pyrene or triclosan at concentrations of 50 ng⋅L-1 displayed glucose intolerance syndrome, liver steatosis, liver mitochondrial dysfunction, liver transcriptomic signature, and pancreatic insulin hypersecretion, all typical of a prediabetes state. This metabolic syndrome led to progeny whose metamorphosis was delayed and occurred while the individuals were both smaller and lighter, all factors that have been linked to reduced adult recruitment and likelihood of reproduction. We found that F1 animals did indeed have reduced reproductive success, demonstrating a lower fitness in ED-exposed Xenopus Moreover, after 1 year of depuration, Xenopus that had been exposed to benzo(a)pyrene still displayed hepatic disorders and a marked insulin secretory defect resulting in glucose intolerance. Our results demonstrate that amphibians are highly sensitive to EDs at concentrations well below the thresholds reported to induce stress in other vertebrates. This study introduces EDs as a possible key contributing factor to amphibian population decline through metabolism disruption. Overall, our results show that EDs cause metabolic disorders, which is in agreement with epidemiological studies suggesting that environmental EDs might be one of the principal causes of metabolic disease in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Regnault
- Univ. Grenoble-Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Marie Usal
- Univ. Grenoble-Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Sylvie Veyrenc
- Univ. Grenoble-Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | | | | | - Anne-Laure Bulteau
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5242, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69000 Lyon, France
| | - David Lejon
- Rovaltain Research Company, F-26300 Alixan, France
| | | | | | - Maud Chetiveaux
- Plate-forme Therassay, l'Institut du Thorax, INSERM, CNRS, Université de Nantes, 44007 Nantes, France
| | - Cédric Le May
- Plate-forme Therassay, l'Institut du Thorax, INSERM, CNRS, Université de Nantes, 44007 Nantes, France
| | - Thomas Lafond
- Centre de Ressources Biologiques Xénopes, Université Rennes 1, CNRS, Unité Mixte de Service 3387, 35042 Rennes, France
| | - Muriel Raveton
- Univ. Grenoble-Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Stéphane Reynaud
- Univ. Grenoble-Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, 38000 Grenoble, France;
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Bouchi R, Fukuda T, Takeuchi T, Nakano Y, Murakami M, Minami I, Izumiyama H, Hashimoto K, Yoshimoto T, Ogawa Y. Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors attenuates the decline of skeletal muscle mass in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2018; 34. [PMID: 29054111 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.2957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 07/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Activation of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 has been reported to be associated with impairment of insulin signalling in skeletal muscle, presumably leading to loss of muscle function. This study was aimed to investigate whether the use of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors (DPP4i) could attenuate the progressive loss of muscle mass in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS A total 105 patients with type 2 diabetes (mean age 62 ± 12 years; 39% female) were studied in this retrospective observational study. To reduce the bias due to confounding variables, propensity-score matching analysis was performed. Change in skeletal muscle index measured by the whole body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at 1-year follow-up was evaluated. One-year changes in visceral and subcutaneous fat area and liver attenuation index were also determined by abdominal computed tomography. RESULTS Overall, 37 of 105 (35.2%) patients were treated with DPP4i. The estimated change in skeletal muscle index in patients with DPP4i was significantly higher than that in patients without (0.05 ± 0.06 vs -0.10 ± 0.04 kg, P = .046). In a propensity-matched population (N = 48), the same finding was observed (0.04 ± 0.03 in DPP4i versus -0.12 ± 0.03 kg in non-DPP4i, P = .033). There were no significant differences in changes of visceral and subcutaneous fat area and liver attenuation index between patients with DPP4i and those without. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest the potential of DPP4i to prevent the progressive loss of muscle mass with ageing in patients with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryotaro Bouchi
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Fukuda
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takato Takeuchi
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yujiro Nakano
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masanori Murakami
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Isao Minami
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hajime Izumiyama
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- Center for Medical Welfare and Liaison Services, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koshi Hashimoto
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Preemptive Medicine and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takanobu Yoshimoto
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ogawa
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan
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Baumeier C, Schlüter L, Saussenthaler S, Laeger T, Rödiger M, Alaze SA, Fritsche L, Häring HU, Stefan N, Fritsche A, Schwenk RW, Schürmann A. Elevated hepatic DPP4 activity promotes insulin resistance and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Mol Metab 2017; 6:1254-1263. [PMID: 29031724 PMCID: PMC5641684 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2017.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Increased hepatic expression of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) is associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Whether this is causative for the development of NAFLD is not yet clarified. Here we investigate the effect of hepatic DPP4 overexpression on the development of liver steatosis in a mouse model of diet-induced obesity. METHODS Plasma DPP4 activity of subjects with or without NAFLD was analyzed. Wild-type (WT) and liver-specific Dpp4 transgenic mice (Dpp4-Liv-Tg) were fed a high-fat diet and characterized for body weight, body composition, hepatic fat content and insulin sensitivity. In vitro experiments on HepG2 cells and primary mouse hepatocytes were conducted to validate cell autonomous effects of DPP4 on lipid storage and insulin sensitivity. RESULTS Subjects suffering from insulin resistance and NAFLD show an increased plasma DPP4 activity when compared to healthy controls. Analysis of Dpp4-Liv-Tg mice revealed elevated systemic DPP4 activity and diminished active GLP-1 levels. They furthermore show increased body weight, fat mass, adipose tissue inflammation, hepatic steatosis, liver damage and hypercholesterolemia. These effects were accompanied by increased expression of PPARγ and CD36 as well as severe insulin resistance in the liver. In agreement, treatment of HepG2 cells and primary hepatocytes with physiological concentrations of DPP4 resulted in impaired insulin sensitivity independent of lipid content. CONCLUSIONS Our results give evidence that elevated expression of DPP4 in the liver promotes NAFLD and insulin resistance. This is linked to reduced levels of active GLP-1, but also to auto- and paracrine effects of DPP4 on hepatic insulin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Baumeier
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Department of Experimental Diabetology, Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Luisa Schlüter
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Department of Experimental Diabetology, Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Germany
| | - Sophie Saussenthaler
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Department of Experimental Diabetology, Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Laeger
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Department of Experimental Diabetology, Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Maria Rödiger
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Department of Experimental Diabetology, Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Stella Amelie Alaze
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Department of Experimental Diabetology, Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Germany
| | - Louise Fritsche
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Häring
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Norbert Stefan
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Fritsche
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Robert Wolfgang Schwenk
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Department of Experimental Diabetology, Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Annette Schürmann
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Department of Experimental Diabetology, Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany.
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