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Lingemann M, Amaro-Carambot E, Lamirande EW, Pierson TC, Whitehead SS. Simultaneous quantitation of neutralizing antibodies against all four dengue virus serotypes using optimized reporter virus particles. J Virol 2024; 98:e0068124. [PMID: 38953379 PMCID: PMC11265411 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00681-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Serum-neutralizing antibody titers are a critical measure of vaccine immunogenicity and are used to determine flavivirus seroprevalence in study populations. An effective dengue virus (DENV) vaccine must confer simultaneous protection against viruses grouped within four antigenic serotypes. Existing flavivirus neutralization assays, including the commonly used plaque/focus reduction neutralization titer (PRNT/FRNT) assay, require an individual assay for each virus, serotype, and strain and easily become a labor-intensive and time-consuming effort for large epidemiological studies or vaccine trials. Here, we describe a multiplex reporter virus particle neutralization titer (TetraPlex RVPNT) assay for DENV that allows simultaneous quantitative measures of antibody-mediated neutralization of infection against all four DENV serotypes in a single low-volume clinical sample and analyzed by flow cytometry. Comparative studies confirm that the neutralization titers of antibodies measured by the TetraPlex RVPNT assay are similar to FRNT/PRNT assay approaches performed separately for each viral strain. The use of this high-throughput approach enables the careful serological study in DENV endemic populations and vaccine recipients required to support the development of a safe and effective tetravalent DENV vaccine. IMPORTANCE As a mediator of protection against dengue disease and a serological indicator of prior infection, the detection and quantification of neutralizing antibodies against DENV is an important "gold standard" tool. However, execution of traditional neutralizing antibody assays is often cumbersome and requires repeated application for each virus or serotype. The optimized RVPNT assay described here is high-throughput, easily multiplexed across multiple serotypes, and targets reporter viral particles that can be robustly produced for all four DENV serotypes. The use of this transformative RVPNT assay will support the expansion of neutralizing antibody datasets to answer research and public health questions often limited by the more cumbersome neutralizing antibody assays and the need for greater quantities of test serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Lingemann
- Arbovirus Vaccine Research Section, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Translational Immunobiology Unit, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Emérito Amaro-Carambot
- Arbovirus Vaccine Research Section, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Elaine W. Lamirande
- Arbovirus Vaccine Research Section, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Theodore C. Pierson
- Viral Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Arbovirus Immunology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Stephen S. Whitehead
- Arbovirus Vaccine Research Section, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Raza S, Poria R, Kala D, Sharma N, Sharma AK, Florien N, Tuli HS, Kaushal A, Gupta S. Innovations in dengue virus detection: An overview of conventional and electrochemical biosensor approaches. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2024; 71:481-500. [PMID: 38225854 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Globally, people are in great threat due to the highly spreading of viral infectious diseases. Every year like 100-300 million cases of infections are found, and among them, above 80% are not recognized and irrelevant. Dengue virus (DENV) is an arbovirus infection that currently infects people most frequently. DENV encompasses four viral serotypes, and they each express comparable sign. From a mild febrile sickness to a potentially fatal dengue hemorrhagic fever, dengue can induce a variety of symptoms. Presently, the globe is being challenged by the untimely identification of dengue infection. Therefore, this review summarizes advances in the detection of dengue from conventional methods (nucleic acid-based, polymerase chain reaction-based, and serological approaches) to novel biosensors. This work illustrates an extensive study of the current designs and fabrication approaches involved in the formation of electrochemical biosensors for untimely identifications of dengue. Additionally, in electrochemical sensing of DENV, we skimmed through significances of biorecognition molecules like lectins, nucleic acid, and antibodies. The introduction of emerging techniques such as the CRISPR/Cas' system and their integration with biosensing platforms has also been summarized. Furthermore, the review revealed the importance of electrochemical approach compared with traditional diagnostic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadan Raza
- Department of Bio-Sciences and Technology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be) University, Mullana, Ambala, India
| | - Renu Poria
- Department of Bio-Sciences and Technology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be) University, Mullana, Ambala, India
| | - Deepak Kala
- Centera Laboratories, Institute of High Pressure Physics PAS, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Nishant Sharma
- Department of Bio-Sciences and Technology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be) University, Mullana, Ambala, India
| | - Anil K Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Amity University of Punjab, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Nkurunziza Florien
- Department of Bio-Sciences and Technology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be) University, Mullana, Ambala, India
| | - Hardeep S Tuli
- Department of Bio-Sciences and Technology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be) University, Mullana, Ambala, India
| | - Ankur Kaushal
- Department of Bio-Sciences and Technology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be) University, Mullana, Ambala, India
| | - Shagun Gupta
- Department of Bio-Sciences and Technology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be) University, Mullana, Ambala, India
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3
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Marano JM, Weger-Lucarelli J. Preexisting inter-serotype immunity drives antigenic evolution of dengue virus serotype 2. Virology 2024; 590:109951. [PMID: 38096749 PMCID: PMC10855010 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2023.109951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) infects roughly 400 million people annually, causing febrile and hemorrhagic disease. While preexisting inter-serotype immunity (PISI) provides transient protection, it may drive severe disease over time. PISI's impact on virus evolution, however, is less understood. Retrospective epidemiological analyses suggest that PISI may drive DENV evolution. Using in vitro directed evolution, we explored how DENV2 evolves in the presence of DENV3/4 convalescent serum. Two post-passaging mutations (E-I6M and E-N203D) were then studied for fitness effects in mammalian and insect hosts and immune escape. E-I6M resisted neutralization, altered fitness in mammalian cell culture models, and had no effect in Aedes albopictus mosquitoes. E-N203D showed no change in neutralization sensitivity, reduced fitness in a DENV-naïve epithelial model, and no effects in the other models. These results align with surveillance data, where E-I6M emerged and disappeared, while E-203D and E-203 N cocirculate, thus suggesting that PISI can drive DENV evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey M Marano
- Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health Graduate Program, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA, United States; Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, United States; Center for Emerging, Zoonotic, and Arthropod-borne Pathogens, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - James Weger-Lucarelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, United States; Center for Emerging, Zoonotic, and Arthropod-borne Pathogens, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States.
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4
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Odio C, Yek C, Hasund CM, Man S, Ly P, Nhek S, Chea S, Lon C, Voirin C, Huy R, Leang R, Huch C, Oliveira LF, Manning JE, Katzelnick LC. Immunity to non-dengue flaviviruses impacts dengue virus IgG ELISA specificity in Cambodia. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.11.17.23298701. [PMID: 38076831 PMCID: PMC10705617 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.17.23298701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Seroprevalence studies are the gold standard for disease surveillance, and serology was used to determine eligibility for the first licensed dengue vaccine. However, expanding flavivirus endemicity, co-circulation, and vaccination complicate serology results. Among 713 healthy Cambodian children, a commonly used indirect dengue virus IgG ELISA (PanBio) had a lower specificity than previously reported (94% vs. 100%). Of those with false positive PanBio results, 46% had detectable neutralizing antibodies against other flaviviruses, with the highest frequency against West Nile virus (WNV). Immunity to non-dengue flaviviruses can impact dengue surveillance and potentially pre-vaccine screening efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Odio
- Viral Epidemiology and Immunity Unit, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Christina Yek
- International Center of Excellence in Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Chloe M. Hasund
- Viral Epidemiology and Immunity Unit, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Somnang Man
- International Center of Excellence in Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Piseth Ly
- International Center of Excellence in Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Sreynik Nhek
- International Center of Excellence in Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Sophana Chea
- International Center of Excellence in Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Chanthap Lon
- International Center of Excellence in Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Charlie Voirin
- Viral Epidemiology and Immunity Unit, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Rekol Huy
- National Center for Parasitology, Entomology, and Malaria Control, Ministry of Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Rithea Leang
- National Center for Parasitology, Entomology, and Malaria Control, Ministry of Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Chea Huch
- National Center for Parasitology, Entomology, and Malaria Control, Ministry of Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - L. Fabiano Oliveira
- International Center of Excellence in Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Jessica E. Manning
- International Center of Excellence in Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Leah C. Katzelnick
- Viral Epidemiology and Immunity Unit, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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5
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Simões M, da Silva SA, Lúcio KA, de Oliveira Vieira R, Schwarcz WD, de Lima SMB, Camacho LAB. Standardization, validation, and comparative evaluation of a faster and high-performance test for quantification of yellow fever neutralizing antibodies. J Immunol Methods 2023; 522:113568. [PMID: 37748728 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2023.113568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Although it is considered the reference for quantification of neutralizing antibodies, classical method of the plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) is labor intensive, requires specific equipment and inputs, besides a long time for its finalization, even in the micro-PRNT version (in 96-well plates). It has a higher sample throughput, however the smaller wells make the reading of plaques more difficult. With an immunoenzymatic revelation step and a semi-automated reading, the μFRN-HRP (micro Focus Reduction Neutralization - Horseradish Peroxidase) is a faster and more efficient test for the quantification of YF neutralizing antibodies. This study aimed to standardize, validate, and compare it with the reference method in 6-well plates (PRNT). Once the execution protocol was standardized, precision, accuracy, selectivity, and robustness were evaluated to validate the μFRN-HRP. In addition, 200 sera of vaccinees were processed by the μFRN-HRP and by the micro-PRNT to compare with the reference test, estimating agreement by Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC). The standardization and validation of the μFRN-HRP was carried out successfully. Weak to moderate agreement was observed between μFRN-HRP and PRNT for titers in reciprocal dilution, while the same comparison between the classical tests resulted in a better ICC. However, titers in milli-international units obtained by μFRN-HRP showed a substantial agreement with PRNT, while the agreement between micro-PRNT and PRNT was inferior. Therefore, μFRN-HRP can be used in the confirmation of natural YF infection and immune response to vaccination, replacing the micro-PRNT, gaining agility, while preserving the specificity of the result.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisol Simões
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Virológica, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Stephanie Almeida da Silva
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Virológica, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Kelly Araújo Lúcio
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Virológica, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Renan de Oliveira Vieira
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Virológica, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Waleska Dias Schwarcz
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Virológica, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Sheila Maria Barbosa de Lima
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Virológica, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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6
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Luciani L, Lapidus N, Amroun A, Falchi A, Souksakhone C, Mayxay M, Dubot-Pérès A, Villarroel PMS, Diarra I, Koita O, Gallian P, de Lamballerie X. Orthopoxvirus Seroprevalence and Infection Susceptibility in France, Bolivia, Laos, and Mali. Emerg Infect Dis 2022; 28:2463-2471. [PMID: 36343384 PMCID: PMC9707606 DOI: 10.3201/eid2812.221136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine a demographic overview of orthopoxvirus seroprevalence, we tested blood samples collected during 2003-2019 from France (n = 4,876), Bolivia (n = 601), Laos (n = 657), and Mali (n = 255) for neutralizing antibodies against vaccinia virus. In addition, we tested 4,448 of the 4,876 samples from France for neutralizing antibodies against cowpox virus. We confirmed extensive cross-immunity between the 2 viruses. Seroprevalence of antibodies was <1% in Bolivia, <5% in Laos, and 17.25% in Mali. In France, we found low prevalence of neutralizing antibodies in persons who were unvaccinated and vaccinated for smallpox, suggesting immunosenescence occurred in vaccinated persons, and smallpox vaccination compliance declined before the end of compulsory vaccination. Our results suggest that populations in Europe, Africa, Asia, and South America are susceptible to orthopoxvirus infections, which might have precipitated the emergence of orthopoxvirus infections such as the 2022 spread of monkeypox in Europe.
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7
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Qi L, Sun Y, Juraska M, Moodie Z, Magaret CA, Heng F, Carpp LN, Gilbert PB. Neutralizing antibody correlates of sequence specific dengue disease in a tetravalent dengue vaccine efficacy trial in Asia. Vaccine 2022; 40:5912-5923. [PMID: 36068106 PMCID: PMC9881745 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.08.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
In the CYD14 trial of the CYD-TDV dengue vaccine in 2-14 year-olds, neutralizing antibody (nAb) titers to the vaccine-insert dengue strains correlated inversely with symptomatic, virologically-confirmed dengue (VCD). Also, vaccine efficacy against VCD was higher against dengue prM/E amino acid sequences closer to the vaccine inserts. We integrated the nAb and sequence data types by assessing nAb titers as a correlate of sequence-specific VCD separately in the vaccine arm and in the placebo arm. In both vaccine and placebo recipients the correlation of nAb titer with sequence-specific VCD was stronger for dengue nAb contact site sequences closer to the vaccine (p = 0.005 and p = 0.012, respectively). The risk of VCD in vaccine (placebo) recipients was 6.7- (1.80)-fold lower at the 90th vs 10th percentile of nAb for viruses perfectly matched to CYD-TDV, compared to 2.1- (0.78)-fold lower at the 90th vs 10th percentile for viruses with five amino acid mismatches. The evidence for a stronger sequence-distance dependent correlate of risk for the vaccine arm indicates departure from the Prentice criteria for a valid sequence-distance specific surrogate endpoint and suggests that the nAb marker may affect dengue risk differently depending on whether nAbs arise from infection or also by vaccination. However, when restricting to baseline-seropositive 9-14 year-olds, the correlation pattern became more similar between the vaccine and placebo arms, supporting nAb titers as an approximate surrogate endpoint in this population. No sequence-specific nAb titer correlates of VCD were seen in baseline-seronegative participants. Integrated immune response/pathogen sequence data correlates analyses could help increase knowledge of correlates of risk and surrogate endpoints for other vaccines against genetically diverse pathogens. Trial registration: EU Clinical Trials Register 2014-001708-24; registration date 2014-05-26.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Qi
- Biostatistics and Programming, Sanofi, 55 Corporate Drive, Bridgewater, NJ 08807, United States.
| | - Yanqing Sun
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 9201 University City Boulevard, Charlotte, NC 28223, United States.
| | - Michal Juraska
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue North, Seattle, WA 98109, United States.
| | - Zoe Moodie
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue North, Seattle, WA 98109, United States.
| | - Craig A Magaret
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue North, Seattle, WA 98109, United States.
| | - Fei Heng
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of North Florida, 1 UNF Drive, Jacksonville, FL 32224, United States.
| | - Lindsay N Carpp
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue North, Seattle, WA 98109, United States.
| | - Peter B Gilbert
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue North, Seattle, WA 98109, United States; Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, 3980 15th Avenue NE, Seattle, WA 98109, United States.
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8
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Chan KR, Ismail AA, Thergarajan G, Raju CS, Yam HC, Rishya M, Sekaran SD. Serological cross-reactivity among common flaviviruses. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:975398. [PMID: 36189346 PMCID: PMC9519894 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.975398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The Flavivirus genus is made up of viruses that are either mosquito-borne or tick-borne and other viruses transmitted by unknown vectors. Flaviviruses present a significant threat to global health and infect up to 400 million of people annually. As the climate continues to change throughout the world, these viruses have become prominent infections, with increasing number of infections being detected beyond tropical borders. These include dengue virus (DENV), West Nile virus (WNV), Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), and Zika virus (ZIKV). Several highly conserved epitopes of flaviviruses had been identified and reported to interact with antibodies, which lead to cross-reactivity results. The major interest of this review paper is mainly focused on the serological cross-reactivity between DENV serotypes, ZIKV, WNV, and JEV. Direct and molecular techniques are required in the diagnosis of Flavivirus-associated human disease. In this review, the serological assays such as neutralization tests, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, hemagglutination-inhibition test, Western blot test, and immunofluorescence test will be discussed. Serological assays that have been developed are able to detect different immunoglobulin isotypes (IgM, IgG, and IgA); however, it is challenging when interpreting the serological results due to the broad antigenic cross-reactivity of antibodies to these viruses. However, the neutralization tests are still considered as the gold standard to differentiate these flaviviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Rol Chan
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Amni Adilah Ismail
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Gaythri Thergarajan
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chandramathi Samudi Raju
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- *Correspondence: Shamala Devi Sekaran, ; Chandramathi Samudi Raju,
| | - Hock Chai Yam
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Manikam Rishya
- Department of Trauma and Emergency Medicine, University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shamala Devi Sekaran
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- *Correspondence: Shamala Devi Sekaran, ; Chandramathi Samudi Raju,
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9
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Frische A, Brooks PT, Gybel-Brask M, Sækmose SG, Jensen BA, Mikkelsen S, Bruun MT, Boding L, Strandh CP, Jørgensen CS, Krogfelt KA, Fomsgaard A, Lassauniere R. Optimization and evaluation of a live virus SARS-CoV-2 neutralization assay. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0272298. [PMID: 35901110 PMCID: PMC9333216 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0272298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Virus neutralization assays provide a means to quantitate functional antibody responses that block virus infection. These assays are instrumental in defining vaccine and therapeutic antibody potency, immune evasion by viral variants, and post-infection immunity. Here we describe the development, optimization and evaluation of a live virus microneutralization assay specific for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). In this assay, SARS-CoV-2 clinical isolates are pre-incubated with serial diluted antibody and added to Vero E6 cells. Replicating virus is quantitated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) targeting the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein and the standardized 50% virus inhibition titer calculated. We evaluated critical test parameters that include virus titration, assay linearity, number of cells, viral dose, incubation period post-inoculation, and normalization methods. Virus titration at 96 hours was determined optimal to account for different growth kinetics of clinical isolates. Nucleocapsid protein levels directly correlated with virus inoculum, with the strongest correlation at 24 hours post-inoculation. Variance was minimized by infecting a cell monolayer, rather than a cell suspension. Neutralization titers modestly decreased with increasing numbers of Vero E6 cells and virus amount. Application of two different normalization models effectively reduced the intermediate precision coefficient of variance to <16.5%. The SARS-CoV-2 microneutralization assay described and evaluated here is based on the influenza virus microneutralization assay described by WHO, and are proposed as a standard assay for comparing neutralization investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Frische
- Department of Virus & Microbiological Special Diagnostics, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Mikkel Gybel-Brask
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Susan Mikkelsen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mie Topholm Bruun
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Lasse Boding
- Danish National Biobank, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Charlotta Polacek Strandh
- Department of Virus & Microbiological Special Diagnostics, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Karen Angeliki Krogfelt
- Department of Virus & Microbiological Special Diagnostics, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Molecular and Medicinal Biology, Institute for Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Anders Fomsgaard
- Department of Virus & Microbiological Special Diagnostics, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Clinical Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Ria Lassauniere
- Department of Virus & Microbiological Special Diagnostics, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
- * E-mail:
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10
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Intranasal vaccination of hamsters with a Newcastle disease virus vector expressing the S1 subunit protects animals against SARS-CoV-2 disease. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10359. [PMID: 35725862 PMCID: PMC9208357 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13560-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic has already claimed millions of lives and remains one of the major catastrophes in the recorded history. While mitigation and control strategies provide short term solutions, vaccines play critical roles in long term control of the disease. Recent emergence of potentially vaccine-resistant and novel variants necessitated testing and deployment of novel technologies that are safe, effective, stable, easy to administer, and inexpensive to produce. Here we developed three recombinant Newcastle disease virus (rNDV) vectored vaccines and assessed their immunogenicity, safety, and protective efficacy against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in mice and hamsters. Intranasal administration of rNDV-based vaccine candidates elicited high levels of neutralizing antibodies. Importantly, the nasally administrated vaccine prevented lung damage, and significantly reduced viral load in the respiratory tract of vaccinated animal which was compounded by profound humoral immune responses. Taken together, the presented NDV-based vaccine candidates fully protected animals against SARS-CoV-2 challenge and warrants evaluation in a Phase I human clinical trial as a promising tool in the fight against COVID-19.
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Coronel-Martinez DL, Park J, López-Medina E, Capeding MR, Bonfanti AAC, Montalbán MC, Ramírez I, Gonzales MLA, Zambrano B, Dayan G, Chen Z, Wang H, Bonaparte M, Rojas A, Ramírez JC, Verdan MA, Noriega F. Immunogenicity and safety of booster CYD-TDV dengue vaccine after alternative primary vaccination schedules in healthy individuals aged 9-50 years: a randomised, controlled, phase 2, non-inferiority study. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2022; 22:901-911. [PMID: 35364022 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(21)00706-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dengue is endemic in many countries throughout the tropics and subtropics, and the disease causes substantial morbidity and health-care burdens in these regions. We previously compared antibody responses after one-dose, two-dose, or three-dose primary regimens with the only approved dengue vaccine CYD-TDV (Dengvaxia; Sanofi Pasteur, Lyon, France) in individuals aged 9 years and older with previous dengue exposure. In this study, we assessed the need for a CYD-TDV booster after these primary vaccination regimens. METHODS In this randomised, controlled, phase 2, non-inferiority study, healthy individuals aged 9-50 years recruited from three sites in Colombia and three sites in the Philippines (excluding those with the usual contraindications to vaccinations) were randomly assigned 1:1:1 via a permuted block method with stratification by site and by age group using an independent voice response system to receive, at 6-month intervals, three doses of CYD-TDV (three-dose group), one dose of placebo followed by two doses of CYD-TDV (two-dose group), or two doses of placebo followed by one dose of CYD-TDV (one-dose group). Participants were also randomly assigned (1:1) to receive a CYD-TDV booster at 1 year or 2 years after the last primary dose. Each CYD-TDV dose was 0·5 mL and administered subcutaneously in the deltoid region of the upper arm. The investigators and sponsor, study staff interacting with the investigators, and participants and their parents or legally acceptable representatives were masked to group assignment. Neutralising antibodies were measured by 50% plaque reduction neutralisation testing, and geometric mean titres (GMTs) were calculated. Due to a change in study protocol, only participants who were dengue seropositive at baseline in the Colombian cohort received a booster vaccination. The primary outcome was to show non-inferiority of the booster dose administered at 1 year or 2 years after the two-dose and three-dose primary regimens; non-inferiority was shown if the lower limit of the two-sided adjusted 95% CI of the between-group (day 28 post-booster dose GMT from the three-dose or two-dose group vs day 28 GMT post-dose three of the three-dose primary regimen [three-dose group]) geometric mean ratio (GMR) was higher than 0·5 for each serotype. Non-inferiority of the 1-year or 2-year booster was shown if all four serotypes achieved non-inferiority. Safety was assessed among all participants who received the booster. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02628444, and is closed to accrual. FINDINGS Between May 2 and Sept 16, 2016, we recruited and enrolled 1050 individuals who received either vaccine or placebo. Of the 350, 348, and 352 individuals randomly assigned to three-dose, two-dose, and one-dose groups, respectively, 108, 115, and 115 from the Colombian cohort were dengue seropositive at baseline and received a booster; 55 and 53 in the three-dose group received a booster after 1 year and 2 years, respectively, as did 59 and 56 in the two-dose group, and 62 and 53 in the one-dose group. After the three-dose primary schedule, non-inferiority was shown for serotypes 2 (GMR 0·746; 95% CI 0·550-1·010) and 3 (1·040; 0·686-1·570) but not serotypes 1 (0·567; 0·399-0·805) and 4 (0·647; 0·434-0·963) for the 1-year booster, and again for serotypes 2 (0·871; 0·673-1·130) and 3 (1·150; 0·887-1·490) but not serotypes 1 (0·688; 0·479-0·989) and 4 (0·655; 0·471-0·911) for the 2-year booster. Similarly, after the two-dose primary schedule, non-inferiority was shown for serotypes 2 (0·809; 0·505-1·300) and 3 (1·19; 0·732-1·940) but not serotypes 1 (0·627; 0·342-1·150) and 4 (0·499; 0·331-0·754) for the 1-year booster, and for serotype 3 (0·911; 0·573-1·450) but not serotypes 1 (0·889; 0·462-1·710), 2 (0·677; 0·402-1·140), and 4 (0·702; 0·447-1·100) for the 2-year booster. Thus, non-inferiority of the 1-year or 2-year booster was not shown after the three-dose or two-dose primary vaccination regimen in dengue-seropositive participants. No safety concerns occurred with the 1-year or 2-year CYD-TDV booster. INTERPRETATION CYD-TDV booster 1 year or 2 years after the two-dose or three-dose primary vaccination regimen does not elicit a consistent, meaningful booster effect against all dengue serotypes in participants who are seropositive for dengue at baseline. FUNDING Sanofi Pasteur. TRANSLATION For the Spanish translation of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eduardo López-Medina
- Centro de Estudios en Infectologia Pediatrica, Universidad del Valle and Clinica Imbanaco, Cali, Valle del Cauca, Colombia
| | | | | | | | - Isabel Ramírez
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Pablo Tobón Uribe, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
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Hyperendemic Dengue and Possible Zika Circulation in the Westernmost Region of the Indonesian Archipelago. Viruses 2022; 14:v14020219. [PMID: 35215813 PMCID: PMC8875625 DOI: 10.3390/v14020219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The transmission of dengue and other medically important mosquito-borne viruses in the westernmost region of Indonesia is not well described. We assessed dengue and Zika virus seroprevalence in Aceh province, the westernmost area of the Indonesian archipelago. Serum samples collected from 199 randomly sampled healthy residents of Aceh Jaya in 2017 were analyzed for neutralizing antibodies by plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT). Almost all study participants (198/199; 99.5%) presented with multitypic profiles of neutralizing antibodies to two or more DENV serotypes, indicating transmission of multiple DENV in the region prior to 2017. All residents were exposed to one or more DENV serotypes by the age of 30 years. The highest geometric mean titers were measured for DENV-4, followed by DENV-1, DENV-2 and DENV-3. Among a subset of 116 sera, 27 neutralized ZIKV with a high stringency (20 with PRNT90 > 10 and 7 with PRNT90 > 40). This study showed that DENV is hyperendemic in the westernmost region of the Indonesian archipelago and suggested that ZIKV may have circulated prior to 2017.
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13
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Nealon J, Bouckenooghe A, Cortes M, Coudeville L, Frago C, Macina D, Tam CC. Dengue Endemicity, Force of Infection, and Variation in Transmission Intensity in 13 Endemic Countries. J Infect Dis 2022; 225:75-83. [PMID: 32211772 PMCID: PMC8730486 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue endemicity varies but comparative, multicountry data are extremely limited. An improved understanding is needed to prioritize prevention, including vaccination, which is currently recommended only under specific epidemiological conditions. We used serological study data from 46 geographical sites in 13 countries to estimate dengue force of infection (FOI, the proportion of children seroconverting per year) under assumptions of either age-constant or age-varying FOI, and the age at which 50% and 80% of children had been infected. After exclusions, 13 661 subjects were included. Estimated constant FOI varied widely, from 1.7% (Singapore) to 24.1% (the Philippines). In the site-level analysis 44 sites (96%) reached 50% seroconversion and 35 sites (75%) reached 80% seroconversion by age 18 years, with significant heterogeneity. These findings confirm that children living in dengue-endemic countries receive intense early dengue exposure, increasing risk of secondary infection, and imply serosurveys at fine spatial resolutions are needed to inform vaccination campaigns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Nealon
- Vaccines Epidemiology and Modeling, Sanofi Pasteur, Lyon, France
| | | | | | | | - Carina Frago
- Global Clinical Sciences, Sanofi Pasteur, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Denis Macina
- Vaccines Epidemiology and Modeling, Sanofi Pasteur, Lyon, France
| | - Clarence C Tam
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.,London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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14
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Thomas R, Chansinghakul D, Limkittikul K, Gilbert PB, Hattasingh W, Moodie Z, Shangguan S, Frago C, Dulyachai W, Li SS, Jarman RG, Geretz A, Bouckenooghe A, Sabchareon A, Juraska M, Ehrenberg P, Michael NL, Bailleux F, Bryant C, Gurunathan S. Associations of human leukocyte antigen with neutralizing antibody titers in a tetravalent dengue vaccine phase 2 efficacy trial in Thailand. Hum Immunol 2022; 83:53-60. [PMID: 34635391 PMCID: PMC10536818 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2021.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The recombinant, live, attenuated, tetravalent dengue vaccine CYD-TDV has shown efficacy against all four dengue serotypes. In this exploratory study (CYD59, NCT02827162), we evaluated potential associations of host human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles with dengue antibody responses, CYD-TDV vaccine efficacy, and virologically-confirmed dengue (VCD) cases. Children 4-11 years old, who previously completed a phase 2b efficacy study of CYD-TDV in a single center in Thailand, were included in the study. Genotyping of HLA class I and II loci was performed by next-generation sequencing from DNA obtained from 335 saliva samples. Dengue neutralizing antibody titers (NAb) were assessed as a correlate of risk and protection. Regression analyses were used to assess associations between HLA alleles and NAb responses, vaccine efficacy, and dengue outcomes. Month 13 NAb log geometric mean titers (GMTs) were associated with decreased risk of VCD. In the vaccine group, HLA-DRB1*11 was significantly associated with higher NAb log GMT levels (beta: 0.76; p = 0.002, q = 0.13). Additionally, in the absence of vaccination, HLA associations were observed between the presence of DPB1*03:01 and increased NAb log GMT levels (beta: 1.24; p = 0.005, q = 0.17), and between DPB1*05:01 and reduced NAb log GMT levels (beta: -1.1; p = 0.001, q = 0.07). This study suggests associations of HLA alleles with NAb titers in the context of dengue outcomes. This study was registered with clinicaltrials.gov: NCT02827162.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasmi Thomas
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | | | - Kriengsak Limkittikul
- Department of Tropical Pediatrics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 73170, Thailand
| | - Peter B Gilbert
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA
| | - Weerawan Hattasingh
- Department of Tropical Pediatrics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 73170, Thailand
| | - Zoe Moodie
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA
| | - Shida Shangguan
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Carina Frago
- Global Clinical Sciences, Sanofi Pasteur, 048580, Singapore
| | - Wut Dulyachai
- Ratchaburi Hospital, Amphoe Muang Ratchaburi, 70000, Thailand
| | - Shuying Sue Li
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA
| | - Richard G Jarman
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | - Aviva Geretz
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | | | - Arunee Sabchareon
- Department of Tropical Pediatrics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 73170, Thailand
| | - Michal Juraska
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA
| | - Philip Ehrenberg
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | - Nelson L Michael
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
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15
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Optimization of Flow-Cytometry Based Assay for Measuring Neutralizing Antibody Responses against Each of the Four Dengue Virus Serotypes. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9111339. [PMID: 34835270 PMCID: PMC8619405 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9111339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue is an important public health problem worldwide, with India contributing nearly a third of global dengue disease burden. The measurement of neutralizing antibody responses is critical for understanding dengue pathophysiology, vaccine development and evaluation. Historically, dengue virus neutralization titers were measured using plaque reduction neutralization tests (PRNTs), which were later adapted to focus reduction neutralization tests (FRNTs). Given the slow and laborious nature of both these assays, there has been interest in adapting a high-throughput flow cytometry based neutralization assay. However, flow cytometry based assays typically underestimate neutralization titers, and in situations where the titers are low they can even fail to detect neutralization activity. In this study, by evaluating graded numbers of input Vero cell numbers and viral inoculum, we optimized the flow cytometry based neutralization assay in such a way that it is sensitive and scores titers that are in concordance with focus reduction neutralization tests for each of the four dengue virus serotypes (p < 0.0001). Given that dengue is a global public health concern, and several research groups are making efforts to understand its pathophysiology and accelerate vaccine development and evaluation both in India and worldwide, our findings have timely significance for facilitating these efforts.
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16
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Taylor SC, Hurst B, Martiszus I, Hausman MS, Sarwat S, Schapiro JM, Rowell S, Lituev A. Semi-quantitative, high throughput analysis of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies: Measuring the level and duration of immune response antibodies post infection/vaccination. Vaccine 2021; 39:5688-5698. [PMID: 34426026 PMCID: PMC8343386 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.07.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The question associated with efficacy and longevity of SARS-CoV-2 protection post-vaccination is paramount. The cPass surrogate virus neutralization test (sVNT) has gained popularity globally as a dual application assay for: 1. Accurate SARS-CoV-2 population surveillance (seroprevalence) analysis and 2. Revealing the presence of antibodies that block and effectively neutralize the interaction between the SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain and the host cell ACE2 receptor in recovered or vaccinated individuals. This study describes an approach for accurate quantification of neutralizing antibodies using the cPass sVNT with an automated workflow on the Tecan EVO and Dynex Agility platforms that is applicable to other liquid handling systems. This methodology was used to assess the stability of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies between freeze/thaw and refrigerated sample storage conditions. Furthermore, a subset of twenty-five samples from SARS-CoV-2 infected/recovered individuals revealed a 600-fold difference in the neutralizing antibody response where low titers were represented in about half of the samples. Finally, pre- and post-vaccination samples were tested for neutralizing antibodies using the qualitative and semi-quantitative cPass sVNT protocols revealing undetectable or relatively low levels after the first vaccine dose and a decline in levels longitudinally over the months following the second dose. This wide range in neutralizing (blocking) antibodies from both natural infection and vaccination supports a differential immune response that may be attributed to several physiological and genetic factors underlining the potential for measuring SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody titer levels post-vaccination to help ensure robust and prolonged immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean C Taylor
- GENSCRIPT USA INC., 860 Centennial Ave., Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
| | - Beth Hurst
- Cayman Chemical, 1180 E. Ellsworth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48108, USA
| | - Ian Martiszus
- Cure-Hub, 12655 SW Beaverdam Rd., Beaverton, OR 97005, USA
| | - Marvin S Hausman
- FourthWall Testing LLC, 455 9th Street Suite 128, Winter Garden, FL 34787, USA
| | - Samar Sarwat
- DYNEX Technologies, 14340 Sullyfield Circle, Chantilly, VA 20151-1621, USA
| | | | - Sarah Rowell
- Kaiser Permanente, 1795 A Second Street, Berkeley, CA 94710, USA
| | - Alexander Lituev
- Kaiser Permanente, 1795 A Second Street, Berkeley, CA 94710, USA
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17
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Santos J, Montellano ME, Solante R, Perreras N, Meyer S, Toh ML, Zocchetti C, Vigne C, Mascareñas C. Immunogenicity and Safety of a Tetravalent Dengue Vaccine Administered Concomitantly or Sequentially With Tdap Vaccine: Randomized Phase IIIb Trial in Healthy Participants 9-60 Years of Age in the Philippines. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2021; 40:856-863. [PMID: 34117198 PMCID: PMC8357045 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0000000000003220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Incorporating dengue vaccination into existing childhood vaccination programs could increase vaccine coverage. This study assessed the safety and immunogenicity of concomitant versus sequential administration of the combined tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid and acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccine and the tetravalent dengue vaccine (CYD-TDV). METHODS This phase IIIb, randomized, open-label, multicenter study was conducted in the Philippines in individuals 9-≤60 years of age (NCT02992418). Participants were to receive 3 CYD-TDV doses 6 months apart, the first dose administered either concomitantly or sequentially (28 days post-Tdap). Antibody levels were measured at baseline and 28 days post-first doses of Tdap vaccine and CYD-TDV, using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (pertussis, tetanus), micrometabolic inhibition test-toxin neutralization assay (diphtheria) and plaque reduction neutralization test (dengue). Immunogenicity was assessed for all participants, and statistical analysis reported for baseline dengue seropositive participants. Safety was assessed throughout. RESULTS Among 688 randomized participants, 629 (91.4%) were baseline dengue seropositive (concomitant group, n = 314 and sequential group, n = 315). After the first dose, non-inferiority of immune responses between concomitant and sequential vaccination was achieved; between-group geometric mean antibody concentration ratios were close to 1 for anti-PT, anti-FHA, anti-PRN and anti-FIM, between-group differences in percent achieving seroprotection (titers ≥0.1 IU/mL) were 0.26% (diphtheria) and 0.66% (tetanus), and between-group geometric mean antibody titer ratios were close to 1 for dengue serotypes 1-4. Safety profiles in both study groups were comparable. CONCLUSIONS CYD-TDV and Tdap vaccine administered concomitantly or sequentially in baseline dengue seropositive participants elicited comparable immunogenicity and safety profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Santos
- From the Philippine Children’s Medical Center, Quezon City, The Philippines
| | | | | | - Nicole Perreras
- Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Alabang Muntinlupa City, The Philippines
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18
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Hassan J, Toh TH, Sivapunniam SK, Hasim R, Ghazali NF, Sulaiman S, Koh MT, Meyer S, Toh ML, Zocchetti C, Vigne C, Mascareñas C. Immunogenicity and Safety of a Tetravalent Dengue Vaccine Administered Concomitantly or Sequentially With Quadrivalent Human Papillomavirus Vaccine in Boys and Girls 9-13 Years of Age in Malaysia: A Phase IIIb, Randomized, Open-label Study. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2021; 40:774-781. [PMID: 34250977 PMCID: PMC8274580 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0000000000003164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Incorporating dengue vaccination within existing vaccination programs could help improve dengue vaccine coverage. We assessed the immunogenicity and safety of a quadrivalent human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine administered concomitantly or sequentially with a tetravalent dengue vaccine (CYD-TDV) in healthy children 9-13 years of age in Malaysia. METHODS In this phase IIIb, open-label, multicenter study (NCT02993757), participants were randomized 1:1 to receive 3 CYD-TDV doses 6 months apart and 2 doses of quadrivalent HPV vaccine concomitantly with, or 1 month before (sequentially), the first 2 CYD-TDV doses. Only baseline dengue-seropositive participants received the 3 doses. Antibody levels were measured at baseline and 28 days after each injection using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for HPV-6, -9, -16 and -18, and the 50% plaque reduction neutralization test for the 4 dengue serotypes; immunogenicity results are presented for baseline dengue-seropositive participants. Safety was assessed throughout the study for all participants. RESULTS At baseline, 197 of 528 (37.3%) randomized participants were dengue-seropositive [n = 109 (concomitant group) and n = 88 (sequential group)]. After the last HPV vaccine dose, antibody titers for HPV among baseline dengue-seropositive participants were similar between treatment groups, with between-group titer ratios close to 1 for HPV-6 and 0.8 for HPV-11, -16, and -18. After CYD-TDV dose 3, dengue antibody titers were similar between treatment groups for all serotypes [between-group ratios ranged from 0.783 (serotype 2) to 1.07 (serotype 4)]. No safety concerns were identified. CONCLUSIONS The immunogenicity and safety profiles of CYD-TDV and quadrivalent HPV vaccines were unaffected when administered concomitantly or sequentially in dengue-seropositive children.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Child
- Dengue Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Dengue Vaccines/immunology
- Female
- Human Papillomavirus Recombinant Vaccine Quadrivalent, Types 6, 11, 16, 18/administration & dosage
- Human Papillomavirus Recombinant Vaccine Quadrivalent, Types 6, 11, 16, 18/immunology
- Humans
- Immunization Programs/methods
- Immunogenicity, Vaccine
- Malaysia/epidemiology
- Male
- Patient Safety
- Vaccines, Combined/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Combined/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamiyah Hassan
- From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Teck-Hock Toh
- Department of Paediatrics, Clinical Research Centre, Sibu Hospital, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Sibu, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Selva Kumar Sivapunniam
- Department of Paediatrics, Clinical Research Centre, Hospital Tengku Ampuan Afzan, Kuantan, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Ruziaton Hasim
- Pandamaran Health Clinic, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nor Faizah Ghazali
- Tanglin Health Clinic, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sofiah Sulaiman
- From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mia Tuang Koh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Myew-Ling Toh
- Global Medical Affairs, Sanofi Pasteur, Lyon, France
| | | | - Claire Vigne
- Global Clinical R&D, Sanofi Pasteur, Lyon, France
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Nano-multilamellar lipid vesicles loaded with a recombinant form of the chikungunya virus E2 protein improve the induction of virus-neutralizing antibodies. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2021; 37:102445. [PMID: 34303841 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2021.102445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is responsible for a self-limited illness that can evolve into long-lasting painful joint inflammation. In this study, we report a novel experimental CHIKV vaccine formulation of lipid nanoparticles loaded with a recombinant protein derived from the E2 structural protein. This antigen fragment, designated ∆E2.1, maintained the antigenicity of the native viral protein and was specifically recognized by antibodies induced in CHIKV-infected patients. The antigen has been formulated into nanoparticles consisting of nano-multilamellar vesicles (NMVs) combined with the adjuvant monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA). The vaccine formulation demonstrated a depot effect, leading to controlled antigen release, and induced strong antibody responses significantly higher than in mice immunized with the purified protein combined with the adjuvant. More relevantly, E2-specific antibodies raised in mice immunized with ∆E2.1-loaded NMV-MPLA neutralized CHIKV under in vitro conditions. Taken together, the results demonstrated that the new nanoparticle-based vaccine formulation represents a promising approach for the development of effective anti-CHIKV vaccines.
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20
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Huang Y, Moodie Z, Juraska M, Fong Y, Carpp LN, Chambonneau L, Coronel DL, Dayan GH, DiazGranados CA, Gilbert PB. Immunobridging efficacy of a tetravalent dengue vaccine against dengue and against hospitalized dengue from children/adolescents to adults in highly endemic countries. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2021; 115:750-763. [PMID: 33369671 PMCID: PMC8245293 DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/traa154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The recombinant tetravalent live-attenuated dengue vaccine based on the YF 17D vaccine virus backbone (CYD-TDV) demonstrated vaccine efficacy (VE) against symptomatic, virologically confirmed dengue of any serotype from month 13 to month 25 (VCD-DENV-AnyM13→M25) in the CYD14 (2-14-y-olds) and CYD15 (9-16-y-olds) phase 3 trials. Fifty percent plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT50) titers are a potential surrogate for immunobridging VE to adults. METHODS Using PRNT50 calibration datasets, we applied immunobridging approaches using baseline and/or M13 PRNT50 titers to estimate VE against VCD-DENV-AnyM0→M25 and against hospitalized VCD (HVCD)-DENV-AnyM0→M72 in hypothetical 18-45-y-old and 46-50-y-old CYD14 and CYD15 cohorts. RESULTS Baseline and M13 geometric mean PRNT50 titers were greater in 18-45-y-olds and in 46-50-y-olds vs 9-16-y-olds for most comparisons. Estimated VE (95% CIs against VCD-DENV-AnyM0→M25 ranged from 75.3% to 90.9% (52.5% to 100%) for 18-45-y-olds and 74.8% to 92.0% (53.4% to 100%) for 46-50-y-olds. Estimated VE (95% CIs) against HVCD-DENV-AnyM0→M72 ranged from 58.8% to 78.1% (40.9 to 98.9%) for 18-45-y-olds and 57.2% to 78.4% (40.5 to 97.6%) for 46-50-y-olds. Corresponding predictions among baseline-seropositive individuals yielded comparable or higher VE estimates. CONCLUSIONS VE M0→M25 against DENV-Any and VE against HVCD-DENV-AnyM0→M72 are both expected to be higher in 18-45 and 46-50-y-olds vs CYD14 and CYD15 9-16-y-olds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Huang
- Vaccine and Infec tious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.,Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Zoe Moodie
- Vaccine and Infec tious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Michal Juraska
- Vaccine and Infec tious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Youyi Fong
- Vaccine and Infec tious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.,Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Lindsay N Carpp
- Vaccine and Infec tious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Laurent Chambonneau
- Global Biostatistical Sciences, Sanofi Pasteur, Marcy-l'Etoile, 69280, France
| | - Diana L Coronel
- Clinical Sciences, Sanofi Pasteur, Mexico City, 04000, Mexico
| | | | | | - Peter B Gilbert
- Vaccine and Infec tious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
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21
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DiazGranados CA, Langevin E, Bonaparte M, Sridhar S, Machabert T, Dayan G, Forrat R, Savarino S. CYD Tetravalent Dengue Vaccine Performance by Baseline Immune Profile (Monotypic/Multitypic) in Dengue-Seropositive Individuals. Clin Infect Dis 2021; 72:1730-1737. [PMID: 32198515 PMCID: PMC8130022 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The immune profile of dengue-experienced individuals is a determinant of dengue reinfection severity risk. Individuals with a single prior dengue infection (monotypic) are at highest risk for severe disease, while individuals with ≥ 2 prior dengue infections (multitypic) are at lower risk. The tetravalent dengue vaccine (CYD-TDV) has shown efficacy in the prevention of dengue in individuals with prior dengue infection. We estimated efficacy in individuals with monotypic or multitypic immune profiles. Methods Participants enrolled in the immunogenicity subsets of 2 randomized placebo-controlled phase 3 studies (CYD14, NCT01373281; CYD15, NCT01374516) were classified as either monotypic or multitypic, based on measured baseline dengue plaque reduction neutralization test. Vaccine efficacy (VE) against symptomatic virologically confirmed dengue (VCD) was assessed over 25 months and against VCD hospitalization over 6 years. Results Of 3927 participants in the immunogenicity subsets, 496 and 257 in the CYD-TDV and placebo groups, respectively, were classified as monotypic immune, and 1227 and 612, respectively, as multitypic immune. VE against symptomatic VCD was 77.4% (95% CI, 56.4%–88.2%) for monotypic and 89.2% (95% CI, 71.5%–95.9%) for multitypic profiles, with corresponding absolute risk reductions (ARRs) of 4.48% (95% CI, 2.32%–6.65%) for monotypics and 1.67% (95% CI, .89%–2.46%) for multitypics. VE against hospitalized VCD was 75.3% (95% CI, 42.7%–90.2%) in monotypics and 81.2% (95% CI, 21.7%–96.8%) in multitypics, with ARRs of 0.95% (95% CI, .37%–1.53%) for monotypics and 0.18% (95% CI, .02%–.34%) for multitypics. Conclusions CYD-TDV benefits individuals with monotypic and multitypic immune profiles. Larger public health benefit is expected to derive from the protection of individuals with a monotypic immune profile.
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22
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Huang Y, Williamson BD, Moodie Z, Carpp LN, Chambonneau L, DiazGranados CA, Gilbert PB. Analysis of Neutralizing Antibodies as a Correlate of Instantaneous Risk of Hospitalized Dengue in Placebo Recipients of Dengue Vaccine Efficacy Trials. J Infect Dis 2021; 225:332-340. [PMID: 34174082 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiab342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the CYD14 (NCT01373281) and CYD15 (NCT01374516) dengue vaccine efficacy trials, Month 13 neutralizing antibody (nAb) titers correlated inversely with risk of symptomatic, virologically confirmed dengue (VCD) between Month 13 (one month post-final-dose) and Month 25. We assessed nAb titer as a correlate of instantaneous risk of hospitalized VCD (HVCD), for which participants were continually surveilled for 72 months. METHODS Using longitudinal nAb titers from the per-protocol immunogenicity subsets, we estimated hazard ratios (HRs) of HVCD by current nAb titer value for three correlate/endpoint pairs: average titer across all four serotypes/HVCD of any serotype (HVCD-Any), serotype-specific titer/homologous HVCD, and serotype-specific titer/heterologous HVCD. RESULTS Baseline-seropositive placebo recipients with higher average titer had lower instantaneous risk of HVCD-Any in 2-16-year-olds and in 9-16-year-olds (HR 0.26 or 0.15 per 10-fold increase in average titer by two methods, 95% CIs 0.14 to 0.45 and 0.07 to 0.34, respectively) pooled across both trials. Results were similar for homologous HVCD. There was evidence suggesting increased HVCD-Any risk in participants with low average titer (1:10 to 1:100) compared to seronegative participants (HR 1.85, 95% CI 0.93 to 3.68). CONCLUSIONS Natural infection-induced nAbs were inversely associated with hospitalized dengue, upon exceeding a relatively low threshold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Huang
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, 98109, United States of America.,Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, 98109, United States of America
| | - Brian D Williamson
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, 98109, United States of America
| | - Zoe Moodie
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, 98109, United States of America
| | - Lindsay N Carpp
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, 98109, United States of America
| | | | - Carlos A DiazGranados
- Clinical Sciences, Sanofi Pasteur, Swiftwater, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Peter B Gilbert
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, 98109, United States of America.,Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, 98109, United States of America
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23
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Arredondo JL, Villagomez Martinez SM, Concepcion Morales M, Meyer S, Toh ML, Zocchetti C, Vigne C, Mascareñas C. Immunogenicity and safety of a tetravalent dengue vaccine and a bivalent HPV vaccine given concomitantly or sequentially in girls aged 9 to 14 years in Mexico. Vaccine 2021; 39:3388-3396. [PMID: 33992441 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.04.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Dengue is endemic in several regions, and the global incidence is increasing. The recombinant, live, attenuated, tetravalent dengue vaccine (CYD-TDV) is recommended for dengue seropositive individuals ≥ 9 years. Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination is recommended for girls aged 9-14 years to prevent HPV infection-related cancers. This study assessed the immunogenicity and safety of a bivalent HPV (types 16 and 18) vaccine and CYD-TDV when co-administered concomitantly or sequentially. This was a Phase IIIb, randomized, open-label, multicenter study in girls aged 9-14 years in Mexico (NCT02979535). Participants were randomized 1:1 to receive three doses of CYD-TDV 6 months apart and two doses of bivalent HPV vaccine either concomitantly with, or 1 month before (sequentially), the first 2 CYD-TDV doses. Antibody levels were measured at baseline and 28-days after each vaccine dose for all participants, using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for HPV-16 and HPV-18 antibodies, and a plaque reduction neutralization test for the four dengue serotypes; results are reported only for participants who were seropositive at baseline. Safety was assessed for all randomized participants throughout the study. Of the randomized participants, 305/478 (63.8%) were seropositive for dengue at baseline: 154 in the concomitant group and 151 in the sequential group. After the last HPV vaccine dose, the antibody titers for HPV were comparable in seropositive participants between treatment groups, with between group titer ratios of 0.966 for HPV-16 and 0.999 for HPV-18. After dose 3 of CYD-TDV, antibody titers were comparable for the concomitant and sequential groups across all serotypes, with between-group ratios close to 1 (serotype 1: 0.977; serotype 2: 0.911; serotype 3: 0.921; serotype 4: 0.931). CYD-TDV and a bivalent HPV vaccine administered concomitantly or sequentially in dengue seropositive girls aged 9-14 years elicited comparable immune responses with similar safety profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Luis Arredondo
- Instituto Nacional de Pediatría Clinical Research Unit, Mexico City, Mexico; Unidad de Investigación Clínica Ciudad de México, Mexico.
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24
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Accuracy and efficacy of pre-dengue vaccination screening for previous dengue infection with five commercially available immunoassays: a retrospective analysis of phase 3 efficacy trials. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2021; 21:529-536. [DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(20)30695-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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25
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Park J, Archuleta S, Oh MLH, Shek LPC, Wang H, Bonaparte M, Frago C, Bouckenooghe A, Jantet-Blaudez F, Begue S, Gimenez-Fourage S, Pagnon A. Humoral and cellular immunogenicity and safety following a booster dose of a tetravalent dengue vaccine 5+ years after completion of the primary series in Singapore: 2-year follow-up of a randomized phase II, placebo-controlled trial. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2021; 17:2107-2116. [PMID: 33626291 PMCID: PMC8189141 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2020.1861875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The tetravalent dengue vaccine (CYD-TDV) is approved for use as a 3-dose series for the prevention of dengue in seropositive individuals ≥9 years. A randomized, placebo-controlled, phase II study of a booster dose of CYD-TDV in individuals who completed the 3-dose schedule >5 years previously (NCT02824198), demonstrated that a booster restored neutralizing antibody titers to post-dose 3 levels. We present additional immunogenicity assessments up to 24 months post-booster, and B- and T-cell responses in a participant subset. Participants aged 9-45 years that had received all three doses of CYD-TDV were randomized 3:1 to receive a booster dose of CYD-TDV (n = 89) or placebo (n = 29). Neutralizing antibody levels at Months 1, 6, 12, and 24 post-booster were assessed by plaque reduction neutralization test. In a subset, B-cell responses were assessed by a fluorescent immunospot assay, and T-cells analyzed by flow cytometry at Days 0, 7, 12, Months 1 and 12. We observed an increase of antibody titers Month 1 post-booster, then a gradual decline to Month 24. In the CYD-TDV booster group, an increase in plasmablasts was seen at Day 7 declining by Day 14, an increase in memory B-cells was observed at Day 28 with no persistence at Month 12. CYD-TDV booster recalled a CD8+ T-cell response, dominated by IFN-γ secretion, which decreased 12 months post-booster. This study showed a short-term increase in antibody titers and then gradual decrease following CYD-TDV booster injection >5 years after primary immunization, and the presence of memory B-cells activated following the booster, but with low persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Park
- Global Clinical Sciences, Sanofi Pasteur, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sophia Archuleta
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - May-Lin Helen Oh
- Department of Medicine, Changi General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lynette Pei-Chi Shek
- Department of Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hao Wang
- Biostatistics, Sanofi, Beijing, China
| | | | - Carina Frago
- Global Clinical Sciences, Sanofi Pasteur, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | - Sarah Begue
- Research and External Innovation Department, Sanofi Pasteur, Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | | | - Anke Pagnon
- Research and External Innovation Department, Sanofi Pasteur, Marcy l'Etoile, France
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26
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Tongthainan D, Mongkol N, Jiamsomboon K, Suthisawat S, Sanyathitiseree P, Sukmak M, Wajjwalku W, Poovorawan Y, Ieamsaard G, Sangkharak B, Taruyanon K, Fungfuang W, Tulayakul P, Boonnak K. Seroprevalence of Dengue, Zika, and Chikungunya Viruses in Wild Monkeys in Thailand. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2020; 103:1228-1233. [PMID: 32588813 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Zoonotic pathogens such as arboviruses have comprised a significant proportion of emerging infectious diseases in humans. The role of wildlife species as reservoirs for arboviruses is poorly understood, especially in endemic areas such as Southeast Asia. This study aims to determine the exposure history of different macaque species from national parks in Thailand to mosquito-borne flaviviruses and alphavirus by testing the serum samples collected from 25 northern pigtailed macaques, 33 stump-tailed macaques, and 4 long-tailed macaques for the presence of antibodies against dengue, Zika, and chikungunya viruses by plaque reduction neutralization assay. Specific neutralizing antibodies against Dengue virus (DENV1-4) and Zika virus (ZIKV) were mainly found in stump-tailed macaques, whereas neutralizing antibody titers were not detected in long-tailed macaques and pigtailed macaques as determined by 90% plaque reduction neutralization assay (PRNT90). One long-tailed macaque captured from the south of Thailand exhibited antibody titers against chikungunya virus (CHIKV), suggesting enzootic of this virus to nonhuman primates (NHPs) in Thailand. Encroachment of human settlements into the forest has increased the interface that exposes humans to zoonotic pathogens such as arboviruses found in monkeys. Nonhuman primates living in different regions of Thailand showed different patterns of arboviral infections. The presence of neutralizing antibodies among wild monkeys in Thailand strongly suggests the existence of sylvatic cycles for DENV, ZIKV, and CHIKV in Thailand. The transmission of dengue, Zika, and chikungunya viruses among wild macaques may have important public health implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daraka Tongthainan
- Bio-Veterinary Sciences Program, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nanthanida Mongkol
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kultida Jiamsomboon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sarocha Suthisawat
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pornchai Sanyathitiseree
- Department of Livestock and Wildlife Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Manakorn Sukmak
- Department of Farm Resources and Production Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Yong Poovorawan
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | | | - Kanokwan Taruyanon
- Department of National Park Wildlife and Plant Conservation, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wirasak Fungfuang
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Phitsanu Tulayakul
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary, Kasetsart University, Thailand
| | - Kobporn Boonnak
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Coronel-MartÍnez DL, Park J, López-Medina E, Capeding MR, Cadena Bonfanti AA, Montalbán MC, Ramírez I, Gonzales MLA, DiazGranados CA, Zambrano B, Dayan G, Savarino S, Chen Z, Wang H, Sun S, Bonaparte M, Rojas A, Ramírez JC, Verdan MA, Noriega F. Immunogenicity and safety of simplified vaccination schedules for the CYD-TDV dengue vaccine in healthy individuals aged 9-50 years (CYD65): a randomised, controlled, phase 2, non-inferiority study. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2020; 21:517-528. [PMID: 33212067 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(20)30767-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Three doses of the licensed tetravalent dengue vaccine CYD-TDV (Dengvaxia, Sanofi Pasteur, Lyon France) are immunogenic and effective against symptomatic dengue in individuals aged 9 years and older who are dengue seropositive. Previous trials have provided some evidence that antibody responses elicited after just one dose or two doses of CYD-TDV might be similar to those elicited after three doses. We compared antibody responses following one-dose, two-dose, and three-dose vaccination regimens in individuals who were dengue seropositive at baseline up to 1 year after the last injection. METHODS In this randomised, controlled, phase 2, non-inferiority study (CYD65), healthy individuals aged 9-50 years were recruited from the community in three sites in Colombia and three sites in the Philippines. Participants were randomly assigned (1:1:1), using a permuted block method with stratification by site and age group, to receive, at 6-month intervals (on day 0, month 6, and month 12), three doses of CYD-TDV (three-dose group), one dose of placebo (on day 0) and two doses of CYD-TDV (at months 6 and 12; two-dose group), or two doses of placebo (on day 0 and month 6) and one dose of CYD-TDV (at month 12; one-dose group). Each dose of CYD-TDV was 0·5 mL, administered subcutaneously into the deltoid of the upper arm. Participants, study staff, investigators, and the funder were masked to group assignment. The co-primary endpoints were geometric mean titres (GMTs) of neutralising antibodies against each dengue virus serotype at 28 days and 1 year after the last vaccine injection. After a protocol amendment during the conduct of the study, the original co-primary objectives of non-inferiority of the one-dose and two-dose groups to the three-dose group were altered to include non-inferiority of the two-dose group to the three-dose group only, to be assessed in individuals who were dengue seropositive at baseline. Non-inferiority was shown if the lower limit of the 95% CI for the ratio of GMTs (GMR) at 28 days and 1 year between groups was more than 0·5 for each serotype. The analysis of the coprimary objectives was done in the per-protocol analysis dataset, which included all participants who had been vaccinated, had no protocol deviations, and had a valid serology test result for at least one dengue serotype at 28 days after the third injection. Safety was assessed throughout in all participants who received at least one injection of study drug, regardless of serostatus. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02628444, and is closed to accrual. FINDINGS Between May 2, 2016, and Sept 16, 2016, we recruited and enrolled 1050 individuals, of whom 1048 received at least one injection and 993 had at least one blood sample taken (full-analysis dataset; 333 in three-dose group, 328 in two-dose group, and 332 in one-dose group). 860 (86·6%) of 993 participants in the full-analysis dataset were dengue seropositive at baseline. Non-inferiority (two dose vs three dose) was shown for each serotype at both 28 days and 1 year among dengue-seropositive participants (number of participants assessed: 272 [two-dose group], 265 [three-dose group] at 28 days; and 190 [two-dose group], 185 [three-dose group] at 1 year). At 28 days after the last injection, neutralising antibody GMTs were 899 (95% CI 752-1075) in the two-dose group versus 822 (700-964) in the three dose group against dengue serotype 1 (GMR 1·09 [95% CI 0·86-1·39]); 869 (754-1002) versus 875 (770-995) against serotype 2 (GMR 0·99 [0·82-1·20]); 599 (524-685) versus 610 (535-694) against serotype 3 (GMR 0·98 [0·82-1·18]); and 510 (453-575) versus 531 (470-601) against serotype 4 (GMR 0·96 [0·81-1·14]). At year 1, GMTs had decreased but remained above baseline for all serotypes: 504 (95% CI 403-630) in the two-dose group versus 490 (398-604) in the three-dose group against serotype 1 (GMR 1·03 [0·76-1·40]); 737 (611-888) versus 821 (704-957) against serotype 2 (GMR 0·90 [0·71-1·14]); 437 (368-519) versus 477 (405-561) against serotype 3 (GMR 0·92 [0·72-1·16]); and 238 (205-277) versus 270 (235-310) against serotype 4 (GMR 0·88 [0·72-1·09]). Reactogenicity profiles were similar across treatment groups. Most unsolicited adverse events after any injection were non-serious and systemic in nature. During the study, 60 serious adverse events were reported in 58 participants (14 in three-dose group, 26 in two-dose group, 18 in one-dose group), mostly infection and infestations or injury, poisoning, and procedural complications. No serious adverse events of special interest or admissions to hospital for dengue occurred. Two deaths occurred, unrelated to study treatment. INTERPRETATION A two-dose CYD-TDV regimen might be an alternative to the licensed three-dose regimen in individuals who are dengue seropositive at baseline and aged 9 years and older. Vaccination with a reduced number of doses could lead to improved vaccine compliance and coverage, especially in low-resource settings. FUNDING Sanofi Pasteur.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eduardo López-Medina
- Centro de Estudios en Infectología Pediátrica, Universidad del Valle and Centro Médico Imbanaco, Cali, Valle del Cauca, Colombia
| | - María Rosario Capeding
- Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Filinvest Corporate City, Alabang, Muntinlupa, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | | | | | - Isabel Ramírez
- Infectious Diseases, Internal Medicine, Hospital Pablo Tobón Uribe, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hao Wang
- Sanofi Pasteur, Chaoyang, Beijing, China
| | - Sunny Sun
- Sanofi Pasteur, Chaoyang, Beijing, China
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Immune Response Persistence and Safety of a Booster Dose of the Tetravalent Dengue Vaccine in Adolescents and Adults Who Previously Completed the 3-dose Schedule 4-5 Years Earlier in Latin America: A Randomized Placebo-controlled Trial. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2020; 39:961-968. [PMID: 32932330 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0000000000002830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously described an increased immune response 28 days after a booster dose of the live, attenuated, tetravalent dengue vaccine (CYD-TDV) in healthy adolescents and adults in Latin America (CYD64, NCT02623725). This follow-up study evaluated immune response persistence and safety of a CYD-TDV booster dose up to Month (M) 24 post-booster. METHODS This study included 250 participants who previously received 3 primary doses of CYD-TDV in the CYD13 (NCT00993447) and CYD30 (NCT01187433) studies, and who were randomized 4-5 years later to receive a CYD-TDV booster or placebo (3:1). Dengue neutralizing antibodies against the parental dengue virus strains were assessed using the plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT50) at M6, M12, and M24 post-booster. Post-booster memory B-cell responses were assessed in a subset of participants using the FluoroSpot assay up to M12 post-booster. RESULTS In the CYD-TDV group (n = 187), dengue neutralizing antibody geometric mean titers (GMTs) declined from the peak at day 28 through to M24 for all serotypes. GMTs at M24 were similar to those at pre-booster among baseline dengue seropositives. A similar trend was observed for baseline dengue seronegatives, albeit at a lower magnitude. Previous vaccination-induced detectable B-cell memory responses in seropositives and seronegatives that decreased to pre-booster levels at M12 post-booster. The CYD-TDV booster dose was well-tolerated. CONCLUSIONS In baseline dengue seropositives, following a CYD-TDV booster dose administered 4-5 years after primary immunization, dengue neutralizing antibody GMTs and B-cell memory responses peaked in the short-term before gradually decreasing over time. A CYD-TDV booster dose could improve protection against dengue during outbreak periods.
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Carpp LN, Fong Y, Bonaparte M, Moodie Z, Juraska M, Huang Y, Price B, Zhuang Y, Shao J, Zheng L, Chambonneau L, Small R, Sridhar S, DiazGranados CA, Gilbert PB. Microneutralization assay titer correlates analysis in two phase 3 trials of the CYD-TDV tetravalent dengue vaccine in Asia and Latin America. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234236. [PMID: 32542024 PMCID: PMC7295445 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously showed that Month 13 50% plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT50) neutralizing antibody (nAb) titers against dengue virus (DENV) correlated with vaccine efficacy (VE) of CYD-TDV against symptomatic, virologically-confirmed dengue (VCD) in the CYD14 and CYD15 Phase 3 trials. While PRNT is the gold standard nAb assay, it is time-consuming and costly. We developed a next-generation high-throughput microneutralization (MN) assay and assessed its suitability for immune-correlates analyses and immuno-bridging applications. We analyzed MN and PRNT50 titers measured at baseline and Month 13 in a randomly sampled immunogenicity subset, and at Month 13 in nearly all VCD cases through Month 25. For each serotype, MN and PRNT50 titers showed high correlations, at both baseline and Month 13, with MN yielding a higher frequency of baseline-seronegatives. For both assays, Month 13 titer correlated inversely with VCD risk. Like PRNT50, high Month 13 MN titers were associated with high VE, and estimated VE increased with average Month 13 MN titer. We also studied each assay as a valid surrogate endpoint based on the Prentice criteria, which supported each assay as a valid surrogate for DENV-1 but only partially valid for DENV-2, -3, and -4. In addition, we applied Super-Learner to assess how well demographic, Month 13 MN, and/or Month 13 PRNT50 titers could predict Month 13-25 VCD outcome status; prediction was best when using demographic, MN, and PRNT50 information. We conclude that Month 13 MN titer performs comparably to Month 13 PRNT50 titer as a correlate of risk, correlate of vaccine efficacy, and surrogate endpoint. The MN assay could potentially be used to assess nAb titers in immunogenicity studies, immune-correlates studies, and immuno-bridging applications. Additional research would be needed for assessing the utility of MN titer in correlates analyses of other DENV endpoints and over longer follow-up periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay N. Carpp
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Youyi Fong
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Matthew Bonaparte
- Global Clinical Immunology, Sanofi Pasteur, Swiftwater, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Zoe Moodie
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Michal Juraska
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Ying Huang
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Brenda Price
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Yingying Zhuang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Jason Shao
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Lingyi Zheng
- Global Clinical Immunology, Sanofi Pasteur, Swiftwater, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | | | - Robert Small
- Sanofi Pasteur, Orlando, Florida, United States of America
| | | | | | - Peter B. Gilbert
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
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Pong LY, Yew PN, Lee WL, Lim YY, Sharifah SH. Anti-dengue virus serotype 2 activity of tannins from porcupine dates. Chin Med 2020; 15:49. [PMID: 32467721 PMCID: PMC7238553 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-020-00329-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dengue fever is currently endemic in tropical and subtropical countries worldwide and effective drug against DENV infection is still unavailable. Porcupine dates, which are traditionally used to treat dengue fever, might contain potential anti-dengue compounds. Two porcupine dates, black date (BD) and powdery date (PD) from Himalayan porcupine (Hystrix brachyura), were investigated for their antiviral activities against DENV-2 in vitro. Methods The methanol crude extracts (MBD and MPD) were prepared from the raw material of porcupine dates. The tannin-rich fractions (BDTF and PDTF) were isolated from their methanol crude extracts using column chromatography. The presence of tannins in BDTF and PDTF extracts was determined by fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyses. The cytotoxicity and anti-DENV-2 activities including virus yield inhibition, virucidal, virus attachment and pre-treatment assays of the extracts were examined in Vero cells. Results Our findings revealed that all the extracts of porcupine dates exhibited antiviral activity against DENV-2 in Vero cells. The IC50 of BDTF and PDTF were 25 µg/mL and 11 µg/mL respectively, while their methanol crude extracts demonstrated lower antiviral efficacy (IC50 ≈ 101–107 µg/mL). BDTF and PDTF also exerted a similar higher virucidal effect (IC50 of 11 µg/mL) than methanol crude extracts (IC50 ≈ 52–66 µg/mL). Furthermore, all the extracts inhibited the attachment of DENV-2 by at least 80%. Pre-treatments of cells with BDTF and PDTF markedly prevented DENV-2 infection when compared to methanol crude extracts. Conclusion This study suggests that porcupine dates possess antiviral properties against DENV-2, which is attributed to its tannin compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Yih Pong
- 1Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia.,2Infectious Diseases and Health Cluster, Tropical Medicine and Biology Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia
| | - Peng Nian Yew
- 3School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia.,4Present Address: Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Applied Science, Tunku Abdul Rahman University College, Jalan Genting Kelang, 53300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wai Leng Lee
- 3School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia
| | - Yau Yan Lim
- 3School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia
| | - Syed Hassan Sharifah
- 1Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia.,2Infectious Diseases and Health Cluster, Tropical Medicine and Biology Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia
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Analysis of Serum Anti-Zika Virus Antibodies by Focus Reduction Neutralization Test. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2142:73-80. [PMID: 32367359 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0581-3_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a newly emerged mosquito-borne flavivirus that has been associated with birth defects of babies born to ZIKV-infected mothers. Neutralization activity of serum derived from ZIKV infected and vaccinated individuals is a critical component for characterizing immune response to infection and vaccine efficacy. This protocol describes a modified plaque reduction neutralization 50 (PRNT50) assay that includes an immunostaining step to improve reproducibility and throughput of the assay.
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Gilbert PB, Huang Y, Juraska M, Moodie Z, Fong Y, Luedtke A, Zhuang Y, Shao J, Carpp LN, Jackson N, Chambonneau L, Bouckenooghe A, Zambrano B, Frago C, Pallardy S, Noriega F. Bridging Efficacy of a Tetravalent Dengue Vaccine from Children/Adolescents to Adults in Highly Endemic Countries Based on Neutralizing Antibody Response. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2020; 101:164-179. [PMID: 31115304 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.18-0534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The CYD-TDV vaccine is licensed in multiple endemic countries based on vaccine efficacy (VE) against symptomatic, virologically confirmed dengue demonstrated in two phase 3 trials (CYD14, 2- to 14-year-olds, Asia; CYD15, 9- to 16-year-olds, Latin America). 50% plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT50) titers at baseline and month 13 (post-vaccination) were associated with VE and may enable bridging VE to adults. Two phase 2 trials of CYD-TDV measured baseline and month 13 PRNT50 titers: CYD22 (9- to 45-year-olds, Vietnam) and CYD47 (18- to 45-year-olds, India). 50% plaque reduction neutralization test distributions were compared between age cohorts, and four versions of an epidemiological bridging method were used to estimate VE against any serotype (dengue virus [DENV]-Any) and against each serotype over 25 months post first vaccination in a hypothetical CYD14 + CYD15 18- to 45-year-old cohort (bridging population 1) and in the actual CYD47 18- to 45-year-old cohort (bridging population 2). Baseline and month 13 geometric mean PRNT50 titers to each serotype were significantly greater in 18- to 45-year-olds than 9- to 16-year-olds for all comparisons. The four methods estimated VE against DENV-Any at 75.3-86.0% (95% CIs spanning 52.5-100%) for bridging population 1 and 68.4-77.5% (95% CIs spanning 42.3-88.5%) for bridging population 2. The vaccine efficacy against serotype 1, 2, 3, and 4 was estimated at 56.9-76.9%, 68.3-85.8%, 91.4-95.0%, and 93.2-100% (bridging population 1) and 44.5-66.9%, 53.2-69.2%, 79.8-92.0%, and 90.6-95.0% (bridging population 2), respectively; thus, CYD-TDV would likely confer improved efficacy in adults than 9- to 16-year-olds. Using the same methods, we predicted VE against hospitalized DENV-Any over 72 months of follow-up, with estimates 59.1-73.5% (95% CIs spanning 40.9-92.2%) for bridging population 1 and 50.9-65.9% (95% CIs spanning 38.1-82.1%) for bridging population 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter B Gilbert
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington.,Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Ying Huang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.,Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Michal Juraska
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Zoe Moodie
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Youyi Fong
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.,Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Alexander Luedtke
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Yingying Zhuang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jason Shao
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Lindsay N Carpp
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Nicholas Jackson
- Research and Non Clinical Safety, Sanofi Pasteur, Marcy-L'Etoile, France
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Zika Virus Infection in Pregnancy: Advanced Diagnostic Approaches in Dengue-Naive and Dengue-Experienced Pregnant Women and Possible Implication for Cross-Reactivity and Cross-Protection. Microorganisms 2019; 8:microorganisms8010056. [PMID: 31905661 PMCID: PMC7023361 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8010056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) infection has been linked to congenital defects in fetuses and infants, as exemplified by the microcephaly epidemic in Brazil. Given the overlapping presence of Dengue virus (DENV) in the majority of ZIKV epidemic regions, advanced diagnostic approaches need to be evaluated to establish the role of pre-existing DENV immunity in ZIKV infection. From 2015 to 2017, five pregnant women with suspected ZIKV infection were investigated in Pavia, Italy. Among the five pregnant women, three were DENV-ZIKV immunologically cross-reactive, and two were DENV-naïve. Advanced diagnosis included the following: (i) NS1 blockade-of-binding (BOB) ELISA assay for ZIKV specific antibodies and (ii) ELISpot assay for the quantification of effector memory T cells for DENV and ZIKV. These novel assays allowed to distinguish between related flavivirus infections. The three DENV-experienced mothers did not transmit ZIKV to the fetus, while the two DENV-naive mothers transmitted ZIKV to the fetus. Pre-existing immunity in DENV experienced mothers might play a role in cross-protection.
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Cassaniti I, Percivalle E, Adzasehoun KMG, Comolli G, Baldanti F. Dengue Virus-Specific Humoral and T Cellular Immune Response in Italian Residents and Travelers Returning from Endemic Areas. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2019; 20:295-302. [PMID: 31821105 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2019.2515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV), a member of the family Flaviviridae, is the causative agent of dengue fever, the most prevalent mosquito-borne viral illness in humans, representing a major public health concern in the tropical countries. Although humoral immunity to DENV has been extensively studied and widely used, little is known about the potential diagnostic use of T cell response for DENV diagnosis. The aim of our study was to characterize the T cell immunity in subjects with acute or past DENV infection, using an original and easy to perform ex vivo ELISpot assay, and to evaluate the role of cross-reactivity between the four DENV serotypes and between DENV and Zika virus (ZIKV). As controls, DENV-seronegative healthy subjects were enrolled and a cutoff of positive DENV-specific T cell response was calculated. DENV-specific T cell response for at least one DENV serotype was detected among all DENV-specific neutralization positive subject. Furthermore, our data showed that in acute DENV infection, the DENV-specific effector memory T cell response against the relevant serotype was predominant. However, a high level of cross-reactivity among all DENV serotypes was also documented. DENV-specific T cell response was almost undetectable among DENV-seronegative subjects with ZIKV acute infection, supporting the hypothesis that the assay could be useful in differential diagnosis between ZIKV and DENV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Cassaniti
- Molecular Virology Unit, Microbiology and Virology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Elena Percivalle
- Molecular Virology Unit, Microbiology and Virology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Kodjo Messan Guy Adzasehoun
- Molecular Virology Unit, Microbiology and Virology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giuditta Comolli
- Molecular Virology Unit, Microbiology and Virology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy.,Experimental Research Laboratories, Biotechnology Area, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Fausto Baldanti
- Molecular Virology Unit, Microbiology and Virology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy.,Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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Lv J, Yang L, Qu S, Meng R, Li Q, Liu H, Wang X, Zhang D. Detection of Neutralizing Antibodies to Tembusu Virus: Implications for Infection and Immunity. Front Vet Sci 2019; 6:442. [PMID: 31921903 PMCID: PMC6914806 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutralizing antibodies are the key mediators of protective immune response to flaviviruses after both infection and vaccination. Plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) is considered the “gold standard” for measurement of the immunity. To date, little is known regarding neutralizing antibody response to Tembusu virus (TMUV), a novel flavivirus emerging in ducks in 2010. Here, we developed a PRNT for detection of TMUV neutralizing antibodies. Following optimization and validation, the PRNT was applied to test serum samples from different flocks of ducks. Using sera prepared in experimental conditions, the levels of 50% end point titer (neutralizing dose, ND50) generated from positive sera (5,012–79,433) were significantly higher than those from mock-infected sera (10 to 126), indicating that the test can be used in the detection of TMUV-specific neutralizing antibodies. Dose-dependent efficacy test of a cell-derived 180th passage of a plaque-purified virus of the PS TMUV isolate (PS180) in combined with immunization-challenge experiments revealed that ND50 titer of ~1,258 is the minimum capable of providing adequate protection against challenge with virulent TMUV. In the investigation of serum samples collected from three flocks infected by TMUV and four flocks vaccinated with a licensed attenuated vaccine (the 120th passage virus), ND50 titers peaked at 1 week after both disease onset (7,943–125,893) and vaccination (3,612–79,432), and high levels of ND50 titer were detected in sera collected at 15 weeks after disease onset (5,012–63,095) and 17 weeks after vaccination (3,981–25,119). Together these findings demonstrated that spontaneous and experimental infections by TMUV and vaccination with the licensed TMUV attenuated vaccine elicit high, long-lasting neutralizing antibodies. The highest ND50 titer of neutralizing antibodies elicited by PS180 was determined to be 3,162, suggesting that attenuation of TMUV by more passages has a dramatic impact on the neutralizing antibody response of the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Lv
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lixin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shenghua Qu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Runze Meng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qingxiangzi Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Huicong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Dabing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Glass A, Polhemus M, Wang D, Jarman RG, Thomas SJ, Friberg H, Currier JR, Bonaparte M, De La Barra R, Princiotta MF, Abbott M, Cuzzo B, Machabert T, Sridhar S, Endy TP. The Effects of Japanese Encephalitis Vaccine and Accelerated Dosing Scheduling on the Immunogenicity of the Chimeric Yellow Fever Derived Tetravalent Dengue Vaccine: A Phase II, Randomized, Open-Label, Single-Center Trial in Adults Aged 18 to 45 Years in the United States. J Infect Dis 2019; 221:1057-1069. [DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiz592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Dengue is a global health problem requiring an effective, safe dengue vaccine.
Methods
We report the results of a phase II, randomized, open-label, single-center trial in adults aged 18 to 45 years in the United States designed to explore the effects of the Chimeric Yellow Fever Derived Tetravalent Dengue Vaccine (CYD-TDV, Dengvaxia) when administered on its designated schedule (months 0, 6, and 12) or on an accelerated dosing schedule (months 0, 2, and 6) and/or given before, or concomitantly with, a vaccine against Japanese encephalitis (JE).
Results
Based on dengue virus serotype-specific neutralizing antibody (NAb), the accelerated dosing schedule was comparable to the 0, 6, and 12-month schedule. Giving JE vaccine concurrently with CYD-TDV did not result in an increase in overall NAb titers. Immunophenotyping of peripheral blood mononuclear cells revealed an increase in activated CD8+ T cells after CYD-TDV vaccination, a phenomenon that was greatest for the JE vaccine primed.
Conclusions
We conclude that an accelerated dosing schedule of CYD-TDV results in essentially equivalent dengue serotype-specific NAb titers as the currently used schedule, and there may be an early benefit in antibody titers and activated CD8+ T cells by the administration of the JE vaccine before CYD-TDV vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Glass
- Institute for Global Health and Translational Sciences, Microbiology and Immunology, and Public Health, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University
| | - Mark Polhemus
- Institute for Global Health and Translational Sciences, Microbiology and Immunology, and Public Health, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University
| | - Dongliang Wang
- Institute for Global Health and Translational Sciences, Microbiology and Immunology, and Public Health, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University
| | - Richard G Jarman
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Stephen J Thomas
- Institute for Global Health and Translational Sciences, Microbiology and Immunology, and Public Health, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University
| | - Heather Friberg
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Currier
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Matthew Bonaparte
- Global Clinical Immunology Department, Sanofi Pasteur, Swiftwater, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Rafael De La Barra
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael F Princiotta
- Institute for Global Health and Translational Sciences, Microbiology and Immunology, and Public Health, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University
| | - Mark Abbott
- Institute for Global Health and Translational Sciences, Microbiology and Immunology, and Public Health, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University
| | - Brian Cuzzo
- Institute for Global Health and Translational Sciences, Microbiology and Immunology, and Public Health, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University
| | - Tifany Machabert
- Global Clinical Sciences, Sanofi Pasteur, Marcy l’Etoile, France
| | - Saranya Sridhar
- Global Clinical Sciences, Sanofi Pasteur, Marcy l’Etoile, France
| | - Timothy P Endy
- Institute for Global Health and Translational Sciences, Microbiology and Immunology, and Public Health, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University
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Nealon J, Taurel AF, Yoksan S, Moureau A, Bonaparte M, Quang LC, Capeding MR, Prayitno A, Hadinegoro SR, Chansinghakul D, Bouckenooghe A. Serological Evidence of Japanese Encephalitis Virus Circulation in Asian Children From Dengue-Endemic Countries. J Infect Dis 2019; 219:375-381. [PMID: 30165664 PMCID: PMC6325342 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a zoonotic, mosquito-borne flavivirus, distributed across Asia. Infections are mostly mild or asymptomatic, but symptoms include neurological disorders, sequelae, and fatalities. Data to inform control strategies are limited due to incomplete case reporting. Methods We used JEV serological data from a multicountry Asian dengue vaccine study in children aged 2–14 years to describe JEV endemicity, measuring antibodies by plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT50). Results A total 1479 unvaccinated subjects were included. A minimal estimate of pediatric JEV seroprevalence in dengue-naive individuals was 8.1% in Indonesia, 5.8% in Malaysia, 10.8% in the Philippines, and 30.7% in Vietnam, translating to annual infection risks varying from 0.8% (in Malaysia) to 5.2% (in Vietnam). JEV seroprevalence and annual infection estimates were much higher in children with history of dengue infection, indicating cross-neutralization within the JEV PRNT50 assay. Conclusions These data confirm JEV transmission across predominantly urban areas and support a greater emphasis on JEV case finding, diagnosis, and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Maria R Capeding
- Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Alabang, Muntinlupa City, Philippines
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Trujillo-Correa AI, Quintero-Gil DC, Diaz-Castillo F, Quiñones W, Robledo SM, Martinez-Gutierrez M. In vitro and in silico anti-dengue activity of compounds obtained from Psidium guajava through bioprospecting. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 19:298. [PMID: 31694638 PMCID: PMC6836419 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2695-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND For decades, bioprospecting has proven to be useful for the identification of compounds with pharmacological potential. Considering the great diversity of Colombian plants and the serious worldwide public health problem of dengue-a disease caused by the dengue virus (DENV)-in the present study, we evaluated the anti-DENV effects of 12 ethanolic extracts derived from plants collected in the Colombian Caribbean coast, and 5 fractions and 5 compounds derived from Psidium guajava. METHODS The cytotoxicity and antiviral effect of 12 ethanolic extracts derived from plants collected in the Colombian Caribbean coast was evaluated in epithelial VERO cells. Five fractions were obtained by open column chromatography from the ethanolic extract with the highest selectivity index (SI) (derived from P. guajava, SI: 128.2). From the fraction with the highest selectivity (Pg-YP-I-22C, SI: 35.5), five compounds were identified by one- and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The antiviral effect in vitro of the fractions and compounds was evaluated by different experimental strategies (Pre- and post-treatment) using non-toxic concentrations calculated by MTT method. The DENV inhibition was evaluated by plate focus assay. The results were analyzed by means of statistical analysis using Student's t-test. Finally the antiviral effect in Silico was evaluated by molecular docking. RESULTS In vitro evaluation of these compounds showed that three of them (gallic acid, quercetin, and catechin) were promising antivirals as they inhibit the production of infectious viral particles via different experimental strategies, with the best antiviral being catechin (100% inhibition with a pre-treatment strategy and 91.8% with a post-treatment strategy). When testing the interactions of these compounds with the viral envelope protein in silico by docking, only naringin and hesperidin had better scores than the theoretical threshold of - 7.0 kcal/mol (- 8.0 kcal/mol and - 8.2 kcal/mol, respectively). All ligands tested except gallic acid showed higher affinity to the NS5 protein than the theoretical threshold. CONCLUSION Even though bioprospecting has recently been replaced by more targeted tools for identifying compounds with pharmacological potential, our results show it is still useful for this purpose. Additionally, combining in vitro and in silico evaluations allowed us to identify promising antivirals as well as their possible mechanisms of action.
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Park J, Archuleta S, Oh MLH, Shek LPC, Jin J, Bonaparte M, Fargo C, Bouckenooghe A. Immunogenicity and safety of a dengue vaccine given as a booster in Singapore: a randomized Phase II, placebo-controlled trial evaluating its effects 5-6 years after completion of the primary series. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2019; 16:523-529. [PMID: 31464558 PMCID: PMC7227627 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2019.1661204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The tetravalent dengue vaccine (CYD-TDV; Dengvaxia®) is administered on a three-dose schedule, 6 months apart in those aged ≥9 years in a number of dengue-endemic countries in Asia and Latin America. In this study, CYD63 (NCT02824198), participants aged 9–45 years at first vaccination, and who had received three doses of CYD-TDV in the CYD28 study more than 5 years previously, were randomized 3:1 to receive a booster CYD-TDV dose (Group 1) or placebo (Group 2). Dengue neutralizing antibody geometric mean titres (PRNT50 GMTs) for each of the four dengue serotypes were assessed in sera collected before and 28 days after booster injections. Non-inferiority of the booster immune response versus that induced after the third dose was demonstrated for each serotype if the lower limit of the two-sided 95% confidence interval (CI) was >0.5 for the GMT ratios (GMTRs) between post-booster CYD-TDV dose and post-dose 3 in Group 1. Overall, 118 participants received CYD-TDV booster or placebo and 116 (98.3%) completed the study; two participants were withdrawn because of noncompliance. GMTs in the booster CYD-TDV group increased across all serotypes post-booster injection by 1.74- (serotype 1) to 3.58-fold (serotype 4). No discernible increases were observed in the placebo group. Non-inferiority was demonstrated for serotypes 1, 3, and 4, but not for serotype 2 (GMTR; 0.603 [95% CI, 0.439– 0.829]). No safety issues were observed. These data show that the CYD-TDV booster given 5 or more years later tended to restore GMTs back to levels observed post-dose 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Park
- Clinical Research and Development, Sanofi Pasteur, Singapore
| | - Sophia Archuleta
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University Medicine Cluster, National University Hospital, Singapore.,Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - May-Lin Helen Oh
- Department of Medicine, Changi General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lynette Pei-Chi Shek
- Department of Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jing Jin
- Biostatistics, Sanofi, Beijing, China
| | - Matthew Bonaparte
- Global Clinical Immunology department, Sanofi Pasteur, Swiftwater, PA, USA
| | - Carina Fargo
- Clinical Research and Development, Sanofi Pasteur, Singapore
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Chang YJ, Pong LY, Hassan SS, Choo WS. Antiviral activity of betacyanins from red pitahaya ( Hylocereus polyrhizus) and red spinach ( Amaranthus dubius) against dengue virus type 2 (GenBank accession no. MH488959). Access Microbiol 2019; 2:acmi000073. [PMID: 33062932 PMCID: PMC7525058 DOI: 10.1099/acmi.0.000073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the antiviral activity of betacyanins from red pitahaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus) and red spinach (Amaranthus dubius) against dengue virus type 2 (DENV-2). The pulp of red pitahaya and the leaves of red spinach were extracted using methanol followed by sub-fractionation and Amberlite XAD16N column chromatography to obtain betacyanin fractions. The half maximum cytotoxicity concentration for betacyanin fractions from red pitahaya and red spinach on Vero cells were 4.346 and 2.287 mg ml-1, respectively. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of betacyanin fraction from red pitahaya was 125.8 μg ml-1 with selectivity index (SI) of 5.8. For betacyanin fraction from red spinach, the IC50 value was 14.62 µg ml-1 with SI of 28.51. Using the maximum non-toxic betacyanin concentration, direct virucidal effect against DENV-2 was obtained from betacyanin fraction from red pitahaya (IC50 of 126.70 μg ml-1; 95.0 % virus inhibition) and red spinach (IC50 value of 106.80 μg ml-1; 65.9 % of virus inhibition). Betacyanin fractions from red pitahaya and red spinach inhibited DENV-2 in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Jun Chang
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Lian Yih Pong
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
- Infectious Diseases and Health Cluster, Tropical Medicine and Biology Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sharifah S. Hassan
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
- Infectious Diseases and Health Cluster, Tropical Medicine and Biology Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Wee Sim Choo
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
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Whiteman MC, Bogardus L, Giacone DG, Rubinstein LJ, Antonello JM, Sun D, Daijogo S, Gurney KB. Virus Reduction Neutralization Test: A Single-Cell Imaging High-Throughput Virus Neutralization Assay for Dengue. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2019; 99:1430-1439. [PMID: 30350775 PMCID: PMC6283513 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.17-0948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccine immunogenicity and clinical efficacy are often assessed by the measure of serum-neutralizing antibodies. The present gold standard for detecting neutralizing antibodies against many viruses, including dengue, is the plaque/focus reduction neutralization test (P/FRNT). The FRNT is a cell-based assay that inherits high variability, resulting in poor precision and has lengthy turnaround times. The virus reduction neutralization test (VRNT) is a high-throughput alternative to the standard low-throughput and laborious FRNT. The VRNT is similar to FRNT using unaltered wild-type virus and immunostaining, yet uses imaging cytometry to count virus-infected cells 1 day post-infection, reducing assay time and increasing overall throughput 15-fold. In addition, the VRNT has lowered variability relative to FRNT, which may be explained in part by the observation that foci overlap alters foci count and titer over time, in the FRNT. The ability to count one infected cell, rather than waiting for overlapping foci to form, ensures accuracy and contributes to the precision (7–25% coefficient of variation) and sensitivity of the VRNT. Results from 81 clinical samples tested in the VRNT and FRNT show a clear positive relationship. During sample testing, a 96-well plate edge effect was noted and the elimination of this edge effect was achieved by a simple plate seeding technique. The VRNT is an improvement to the current neutralization assays for its shortened assay time, increased precision and throughput, and an alternative to the P/FRNT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa C Whiteman
- PPDM Bioanalyitical Regulated Immunogenicity and Molecular, Merck and Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey
| | - Leah Bogardus
- Biologics Analytical Sciences, Merck and Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey
| | - Danila G Giacone
- Biologics Analytical Sciences, Merck and Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey
| | - Leonard J Rubinstein
- PPDM Bioanalyitical Regulated Immunogenicity and Molecular, Merck and Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Dengyun Sun
- Biologics Analytical Sciences, Merck and Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey
| | - Sarah Daijogo
- Q2 Solutions Vaccines, San Juan Capistrano, California
| | - Kevin B Gurney
- Biologics Analytical Sciences, Merck and Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey
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Indriani C, Ahmad RA, Wiratama BS, Arguni E, Supriyati E, Sasmono RT, Kisworini FY, Ryan PA, O'Neill SL, Simmons CP, Utarini A, Anders KL. Baseline Characterization of Dengue Epidemiology in Yogyakarta City, Indonesia, before a Randomized Controlled Trial of Wolbachia for Arboviral Disease Control. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2019; 99:1299-1307. [PMID: 30226138 PMCID: PMC6221224 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.18-0315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue is endemic in Indonesia. Here, we describe the epidemiology of dengue in the city of Yogyakarta, Central Java, as a prelude to implementation of a cluster-randomized trial of Wolbachia for the biocontrol of arboviral transmission. Surveillance records from 2006 to 2016 demonstrate seasonal oscillations of dengue incidence with varying magnitude. Two lines of evidence demonstrate a high force of infection; the hospitalized case burden of patients diagnosed with dengue hemorrhagic fever or dengue shock syndrome over the last decade consisted predominantly of children/adolescents, and a serosurvey of 314 healthy children aged 1–10 years found 68% possessed dengue virus–neutralizing antibodies. Finally, a mobility survey indicated children aged 1–10 years, and particularly 1–5 year-olds, spent most of their daytime hours at home. These findings inform the design of clinical trials to measure the impact of novel vector control methods such as Wolbachia introgression into Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, by providing baseline data on disease incidence and identifying subpopulations for recruitment into prospective studies of dengue virus infection and disease. The mobility survey findings indicate that in cluster trials of interventions applied at the community level, young children can reasonably be expected to spend most of their exposure time, in epidemiological terms, within the treatment arm to which they were randomized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Citra Indriani
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.,Centre of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Riris A Ahmad
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.,Centre of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Bayu S Wiratama
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.,Centre of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Eggi Arguni
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.,Centre of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Endah Supriyati
- Centre of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | | | | | - Peter A Ryan
- Institute of Vector Borne Disease, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Scott L O'Neill
- Institute of Vector Borne Disease, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Cameron P Simmons
- Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.,Institute of Vector Borne Disease, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Adi Utarini
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.,Centre of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Katherine L Anders
- Institute of Vector Borne Disease, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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Haryanto S, Yohan B, Santoso MS, Hayati RF, Denis D, Udjung GIVW, Kendarsari RI, Trimarsanto H, Sasmono RT. Clinical features and virological confirmation of perinatal dengue infection in Jambi, Indonesia: A case report. Int J Infect Dis 2019; 86:197-200. [PMID: 31357059 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2019.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The hyper-endemicity of dengue in Indonesia poses a significant threat of dengue virus (DENV) vertical transmission during pregnancy. A 29-year-old female at 38 weeks of pregnancy presented to hospital with acute fever and later confirmed with DENV infection. Due to signs of fetal distress, the neonate was delivered by emergency caesarean section. The mother developed a dengue critical phase post-caesarean with excessive bleeding and required blood transfusion. During the 6th day of life, the neonate was diagnosed and later confirmed with dengue. Next-generation sequencing of DENV RNA isolated directly from sera of both mother and neonate revealed identical DENV-2 whole-genome sequences. Plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) detected anti-dengue antibodies in both mother and neonate. Altogether, our data confirmed the occurrence of vertical transmission. Dengue vertical transmission during pregnancy may lead to severe manifestation, hence early diagnosis, close monitoring, and prompt intervention are critical.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Benediktus Yohan
- Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Ministry of Research, Technology, and Higher Education of the Republic of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Marsha Sinditia Santoso
- Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Ministry of Research, Technology, and Higher Education of the Republic of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Rahma F Hayati
- Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Ministry of Research, Technology, and Higher Education of the Republic of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Dionisius Denis
- Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Ministry of Research, Technology, and Higher Education of the Republic of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | | | - R Indah Kendarsari
- Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Ministry of Research, Technology, and Higher Education of the Republic of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Hidayat Trimarsanto
- Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Ministry of Research, Technology, and Higher Education of the Republic of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - R Tedjo Sasmono
- Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Ministry of Research, Technology, and Higher Education of the Republic of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
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L'Azou M, Assoukpa J, Fanouillere K, Plennevaux E, Bonaparte M, Bouckenooghe A, Frago C, Noriega F, Zambrano B, Ochiai RL, Guy B, Jackson N. Dengue seroprevalence: data from the clinical development of a tetravalent dengue vaccine in 14 countries (2005-2014). Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2019; 112:158-168. [PMID: 29800279 PMCID: PMC5972646 DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/try037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue seroprevalence data in the literature is limited and the available information is difficult to compare between studies because of the varying survey designs and methods used. We assessed dengue seropositivity across 14 countries using data from 15 trials conducted during the development of a tetravalent dengue vaccine between October 2005 and February 2014. Participants’ dengue seropositivity (n=8592) was determined from baseline (before vaccination) serum samples at two centralized laboratories with the plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT50). Seropositivity rates generally increased with age in endemic settings. Although seropositivity rates varied across geographical areas, between countries, and within countries by region, no major differences were observed for given age groups between the two endemic regions, Latin America and Asia-Pacific. Seropositivity rates were generally stable over time. The proportion of participants who had only experienced primary infection tended to be higher in younger children than adolescents/adults. These results will help inform and guide dengue control strategies in the participating countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maïna L'Azou
- Global Epidemiology, Sanofi Pasteur, 2, avenue Pont Pasteur, Lyon
| | - Jade Assoukpa
- Global Epidemiology, Sanofi Pasteur, 2, avenue Pont Pasteur, Lyon
| | - Karen Fanouillere
- Biostatistics & Programming, Sanofi, 1, avenue Pierre-Brossolette, Chilly-Mazarin
| | - Eric Plennevaux
- Research and Development, Sanofi Pasteur, 1541, avenue Marcel Mérieux, Marcy l'Étoile, France
| | - Matthew Bonaparte
- Research and Development, Sanofi Pasteur, Route 611, Discovery Drive, Swiftwater, USA
| | | | - Carina Frago
- Clinical Sciences, Sanofi Pasteur, 38 Beach Road, Singapore
| | - Fernando Noriega
- Research and Development, Sanofi Pasteur, Route 611, Discovery Drive, Swiftwater, USA
| | - Betzana Zambrano
- Research and Development, Sanofi Pasteur, Francisco García Cortinas 2357, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - R Leon Ochiai
- Global Epidemiology, Sanofi Pasteur, 2, avenue Pont Pasteur, Lyon
| | - Bruno Guy
- Research and Development, Sanofi Pasteur, 2, avenue Pont Pasteur, Lyon, France
| | - Nicholas Jackson
- Research and Development, Sanofi Pasteur, 2, avenue Pont Pasteur, Lyon, France
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Dengue Vaccine Booster in Healthy Adolescents and Adults in Latin America: Evaluation 4-5 Years After a Primary 3-Dose Schedule. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2019; 38:e90-e95. [PMID: 30986790 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0000000000002286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The tetravalent dengue vaccine (CYD-TDV, Dengvaxia, Sanofi Pasteur) demonstrated efficacy in 2 previous phase III trials conducted in endemic countries. Neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) elicited by 3 doses of this vaccine have been associated with efficacy. Long-term follow-up data has shown that NAb immune responses tend to wane over time, after the third dose. This study compared the immune response elicited by a booster (4th) dose of CYD-TDV with the immune responses from the same participants obtained post-dose 3 of the primary series administered 4-5 years earlier. METHODS This multicenter, observer-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, phase II noninferiority trial was conducted in healthy adolescents and adults in dengue endemic countries of Latin America (Colombia, Honduras, Brazil, Mexico and Puerto Rico). All participants had been immunized with 3 doses of CYD-TDV in phase II studies conducted 4-5 years earlier. NAb levels against each dengue virus serotype 28 days postbooster or placebo injection were reported. RESULTS A total of 187 participants received CYD-TDV and 64 received placebo. Prospectively defined noninferiority criteria for dengue NAbs after the booster dose compared with postdose 3 were met for all 4 serotypes. Prospectively defined superiority criteria were met for 3 of the 4 serotypes. CONCLUSIONS Antidengue NAb levels can be boosted to levels at least as high as, or higher than those observed after completion of the primary 3-dose series, with an additional dose of CYD-TDV 4-5 years after the standard 3-dose vaccination schedule.
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46
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Yin Y, Xu Y, Ou Z, Yang X, Liu H. An antiviral drug screening system for enterovirus 71 based on an improved plaque assay: A potential high-throughput method. J Med Virol 2019; 91:1440-1447. [PMID: 30900754 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Plaque assay plays an irreplaceable role in a variety of virological studies, including determining titers of viruses. Our previous study showed that a simple and highly repeatable plaque assay could be used for enterovirus 71 (EV-A71). Now, we show that using a subclone of a clinical EV-A71 isolate and a rhabdomyosarcoma cell line (RD), a plaque assay based on an EV-A71/RD model could exhibit the most rapid formation of plaques (<2 days), with much higher repeatability and consistency. Inspired by a plaque inhibitory test for testing ribavirin and interferon, as well as a plaque reduction neutralization test, this modified method has been used to establish a convenient system by using 96-well plates for screening anti-EV-A71 drugs from a 130-compound library containing multiple types of inhibitors. Nine candidate effective compounds for EV-A71 have been screened out, and among them, nobiletin (flavonoid) was found to be a novel effective compound at the concentration of 10 μM. Our findings imply that this improved method based on an EV-A71/RD model proved to be a potential high-throughput method in screening novel antiviral drugs for EV-A71. Undoubtedly, this method can also be applied to other viruses that can produce an obvious cytopathic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxian Yin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiying Ou
- Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiangling Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Huanliang Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Development of a NS2B/NS3 protease inhibition assay using AlphaScreen ® beads for screening of anti-dengue activities. Heliyon 2018; 4:e01023. [PMID: 30560214 PMCID: PMC6289942 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e01023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dengue infection is an endemic infectious disease and it can lead to dengue fever, dengue hemorrhagic fever, and/or dengue shock syndromes. Dengue NS2B/NS3 protease complex is essential for viral replication and is a primary target for anti-dengue drug development. In this study, a NS2B/NS3 protease inhibition assay was developed using AlphaScreen® beads and was used to screen compounds for their protease inhibition activities. Methods The assay system utilized a known NS2B/NS3 peptide substrate, a recombinant of NS2B/NS3 protease with proprietary StrepTactin® donor and nickel chelate acceptor beads in 384-well format. Results The optimized assay to screen for NS2B/NS3 protease inhibitors was demonstrated to be potentially useful with reasonable zʹ factor, coefficient variance and signal to background ratio. However, screening of synthesized thioguanine derivatives using the optimized AlphaScreen® assay revealed weak NS2B/NS3 inhibition activities. Conclusion The AlphaScreen® assay to screen for NS2B/NS3 protease inhibitors is potentially applicable for high throughput screening.
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48
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Boigard H, Cimica V, Galarza JM. Dengue-2 virus-like particle (VLP) based vaccine elicits the highest titers of neutralizing antibodies when produced at reduced temperature. Vaccine 2018; 36:7728-7736. [PMID: 30377067 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.10.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A dengue vaccine capable of rapidly eliciting a robust and balanced immunity against the four virus serotypes after only a few immunizations is greatly needed. We describe a new strategy to develop dengue vaccines based on the assembly of virus-like particles (VLPs) utilizing the structural proteins CprME together with a modified complex of the NS2B/NS3 protease, which enhances particle formation and yield. These VLPs are produced in mammalian cells and resemble native dengue virus as demonstrated by negative staining and immunogold labelling electron microscopy (EM). We found that VLPs produced at lower temperature (31 °C) were recognized by conformational monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) 4G2, 3H5 and C10 whereas VLPs produced at higher temperature (37 °C) were not recognized by these MAbs. To investigate the significance of these conformational discrepancies in vaccine performance, we tested the immunogenicity of VLP vaccines produced at 31 °C or 37 °C. Mice immunized with the VLP vaccine produced at 31 °C (VLP-31 °C) elicited the highest titer of neutralizing antibodies when compared to those elicited by equivalent doses of the vaccine produced at 37 °C (VLP-37 °C), inactivated dengue virus vaccine or to the titer of a human anti-dengue-2 convalescence serum reference. Our results demonstrate that the conformation of the E protein displayed on the VLP vaccine plays a critical role in the induction of highly neutralizing antibodies. These findings will guide development of a tetravalent vaccine capable of eliciting a robust and balanced neutralizing response against the four-dengue serotypes regardless of background immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Boigard
- TechnoVax, Inc., 6 Westchester Plaza, 6E, Elmsford, NY 10523, United States
| | - Velasco Cimica
- TechnoVax, Inc., 6 Westchester Plaza, 6E, Elmsford, NY 10523, United States
| | - Jose M Galarza
- TechnoVax, Inc., 6 Westchester Plaza, 6E, Elmsford, NY 10523, United States.
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49
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Katzelnick LC, Coello Escoto A, McElvany BD, Chávez C, Salje H, Luo W, Rodriguez-Barraquer I, Jarman R, Durbin AP, Diehl SA, Smith DJ, Whitehead SS, Cummings DAT. Viridot: An automated virus plaque (immunofocus) counter for the measurement of serological neutralizing responses with application to dengue virus. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018; 12:e0006862. [PMID: 30356267 PMCID: PMC6226209 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The gold-standard method for quantifying neutralizing antibody responses to many viruses, including dengue virus (DENV), is the plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT, also called the immunofocus reduction neutralization test). The PRNT conducted on 96-well plates is high-throughput and requires a smaller volume of antiserum than on 6- or 24-well plates, but manual plaque counting is challenging and existing automated plaque counters are expensive or difficult to optimize. We have developed Viridot (Viridot package), a program for R with a user interface in shiny, that counts viral plaques of a variety of phenotypes, estimates neutralizing antibody titers, and performs other calculations of use to virologists. The Viridot plaque counter includes an automatic parameter identification mode (misses <10 plaques/well for 87% of diverse DENV strains [n = 1521]) and a mode that allows the user to fine-tune the parameters used for counting plaques. We compared standardized manual and Viridot plaque counting methods applied to the same wells by two analyses and found that Viridot plaque counts were as similar to the same analyst's manual count (Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient, ρc = 0.99 [95% confidence interval: 0.99–1.00]) as manual counts between analysts (ρc = 0.99 [95% CI: 0.98–0.99]). The average ratio of neutralizing antibody titers based on manual counted plaques to Viridot counted plaques was 1.05 (95% CI: 0.98–1.14), similar to the average ratio of antibody titers based on manual plaque counts by the two analysts (1.06 [95% CI: 0.84–1.34]). Across diverse DENV and ZIKV strains (n = 14), manual and Viridot plaque counts were mostly consistent (range of ρc = 0.74 to 1.00) and the average ratio of antibody titers based on manual and Viridot counted plaques was close to 1 (0.94 [0.86–1.02]). Thus, Viridot can be used for plaque counting and neutralizing antibody titer estimation of diverse DENV strains and potentially other viruses on 96-well plates as well as for formalization of plaque-counting rules for standardization across experiments and analysts. Although the plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) is an important assay for measuring neutralizing antibody responses against many viruses, no free, open-source programs specifically designed for virus plaque counting and neutralizing antibody titer estimation are available. We have developed Viridot, a package for R with a user-interface in shiny, which is designed for use by laboratory-based virologists and researchers with minimal coding experience. The program includes: automatic and user-specification of settings for plaque counting; saving of plaque counting settings; counting of many plates at once; and easy output of plaque counts, plaque sizes, and images with counted plaques circled. Viridot also includes programs to analyze plaque counts, including estimation of: neutralizing antibody titers, pfu/mL of a virus stock, and the dilution factor of virus needed for an experiment. Viridot can be used to standardize plaque-counting methods within and between laboratories, helping researchers formalize an important aspect of the PRNT method that is often subjective. Viridot thus provides laboratory researchers around the world with a free tool to improve the speed and consistency with which the PRNT is conducted, aiding the public health response to emerging viral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah C. Katzelnick
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
- * E-mail:
| | - Ana Coello Escoto
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Benjamin D. McElvany
- Department of Medicine-Infectious Disease, Vaccine Testing Center, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Christian Chávez
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Henrik Salje
- Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Wensheng Luo
- Center for Immunization Research, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Isabel Rodriguez-Barraquer
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Richard Jarman
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Anna P. Durbin
- Center for Immunization Research, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Sean A. Diehl
- Department of Medicine-Infectious Disease, Vaccine Testing Center, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Derek J. Smith
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen S. Whitehead
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Derek A. T. Cummings
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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Beltrán-Silva S, Chacón-Hernández S, Moreno-Palacios E, Pereyra-Molina J. Clinical and differential diagnosis: Dengue, chikungunya and Zika. REVISTA MÉDICA DEL HOSPITAL GENERAL DE MÉXICO 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hgmx.2016.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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