1
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Pian H, Wang H, Wang H, Li Z. Dual CRISPR/Cas13a Cascade Strand Displacement-Triggered Transcription for Point-of-Care Detection of Plasmodium in Asymptomatic Malaria. Anal Chem 2024; 96:7524-7531. [PMID: 38695755 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c00230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2024]
Abstract
Asymptomatic infections of Plasmodium parasites are major obstacles to malaria control and elimination. A sensitive, specific, and user-friendly method is urgently needed for point-of-care (POC) Plasmodium diagnostics in asymptomatic malaria, especially in resource-limited settings. In this work, we present a POC method (termed Cas13a-SDT) based on the cascade sequence recognition and signal amplification of dual Cas13a trans-cleavage and strand displacement-triggered transcription (SDT). Cas13a-SDT not only achieves exceptional specificity in discriminating the target RNA from nontarget RNAs with any cross-interaction but also meets the sensitivity criterion set by the World Health Organization (WHO) for effective malaria detection. Remarkably, this novel method was successfully applied to screen malaria in asymptomatic infections from clinical samples. The proposed method provides a user-friendly and visually interpretable output mode while maintaining high accuracy and reliability comparable to RT-PCR. These excellent features demonstrate the significant potential of Cas13a-SDT for POC diagnosis of Plasmodium infections, laying a vital foundation for advancing malaria control and elimination efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongru Pian
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Honghong Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhengping Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
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2
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Gupta H, Sharma S, Gilyazova I, Satyamoorthy K. Molecular tools are crucial for malaria elimination. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:555. [PMID: 38642192 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09496-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
The eradication of Plasmodium parasites, responsible for malaria, is a daunting global public health task. It requires a comprehensive approach that addresses symptomatic, asymptomatic, and submicroscopic cases. Overcoming this challenge relies on harnessing the power of molecular diagnostic tools, as traditional methods like microscopy and rapid diagnostic tests fall short in detecting low parasitaemia, contributing to the persistence of malaria transmission. By precisely identifying patients of all types and effectively characterizing malaria parasites, molecular tools may emerge as indispensable allies in the pursuit of malaria elimination. Furthermore, molecular tools can also provide valuable insights into parasite diversity, drug resistance patterns, and transmission dynamics, aiding in the implementation of targeted interventions and surveillance strategies. In this review, we explore the significance of molecular tools in the pursuit of malaria elimination, shedding light on their key contributions and potential impact on public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himanshu Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Applied Sciences & Humanities, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Sonal Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Applied Sciences & Humanities, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Irina Gilyazova
- Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa, 450054, Russia
- Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, 450008, Russia
| | - Kapaettu Satyamoorthy
- SDM College of Medical Sciences and Hospital, Shri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara (SDM) University, Manjushree Nagar, Sattur, Dharwad, 580009, Karnataka, India
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3
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Lehnert T, Gijs MAM. Microfluidic systems for infectious disease diagnostics. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:1441-1493. [PMID: 38372324 DOI: 10.1039/d4lc00117f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Microorganisms, encompassing both uni- and multicellular entities, exhibit remarkable diversity as omnipresent life forms in nature. They play a pivotal role by supplying essential components for sustaining biological processes across diverse ecosystems, including higher host organisms. The complex interactions within the human gut microbiota are crucial for metabolic functions, immune responses, and biochemical signalling, particularly through the gut-brain axis. Viruses also play important roles in biological processes, for example by increasing genetic diversity through horizontal gene transfer when replicating inside living cells. On the other hand, infection of the human body by microbiological agents may lead to severe physiological disorders and diseases. Infectious diseases pose a significant burden on global healthcare systems, characterized by substantial variations in the epidemiological landscape. Fast spreading antibiotic resistance or uncontrolled outbreaks of communicable diseases are major challenges at present. Furthermore, delivering field-proven point-of-care diagnostic tools to the most severely affected populations in low-resource settings is particularly important and challenging. New paradigms and technological approaches enabling rapid and informed disease management need to be implemented. In this respect, infectious disease diagnostics taking advantage of microfluidic systems combined with integrated biosensor-based pathogen detection offers a host of innovative and promising solutions. In this review, we aim to outline recent activities and progress in the development of microfluidic diagnostic tools. Our literature research mainly covers the last 5 years. We will follow a classification scheme based on the human body systems primarily involved at the clinical level or on specific pathogen transmission modes. Important diseases, such as tuberculosis and malaria, will be addressed more extensively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Lehnert
- Laboratory of Microsystems, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland.
| | - Martin A M Gijs
- Laboratory of Microsystems, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland.
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4
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Yigci D, Atçeken N, Yetisen AK, Tasoglu S. Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification-Integrated CRISPR Methods for Infectious Disease Diagnosis at Point of Care. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:43357-43373. [PMID: 38027359 PMCID: PMC10666231 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c04422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Infectious diseases continue to pose an imminent threat to global public health, leading to high numbers of deaths every year and disproportionately impacting developing countries where access to healthcare is limited. Biological, environmental, and social phenomena, including climate change, globalization, increased population density, and social inequity, contribute to the emergence of novel communicable diseases. Rapid and accurate diagnoses of infectious diseases are essential to preventing the transmission of infectious diseases. Although some commonly used diagnostic technologies provide highly sensitive and specific measurements, limitations including the requirement for complex equipment/infrastructure and refrigeration, the need for trained personnel, long sample processing times, and high cost remain unresolved. To ensure global access to affordable diagnostic methods, loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) integrated clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) based pathogen detection has emerged as a promising technology. Here, LAMP-integrated CRISPR-based nucleic acid detection methods are discussed in point-of-care (PoC) pathogen detection platforms, and current limitations and future directions are also identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Defne Yigci
- School
of Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
| | - Nazente Atçeken
- Koç
University Translational Medicine Research Center (KUTTAM), Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
| | - Ali K. Yetisen
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College
London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
| | - Savas Tasoglu
- Koç
University Translational Medicine Research Center (KUTTAM), Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
- Boğaziçi
Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Boğaziçi
University, Istanbul 34684, Turkey
- Koç
University Arçelik Research Center for Creative Industries
(KUAR), Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
- Physical
Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute
for Intelligent Systems, Stuttgart 70569, Germany
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5
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Kang X, Zhao C, Chen S, Zhang X, Xue B, Li C, Wang S, Yang X, Xia Z, Xu Y, Huang Y, Qiu Z, Li C, Wang J, Pang J, Shen Z. Development of a cell-free toehold switch for hepatitis A virus type I on-site detection. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2023; 15:5813-5822. [PMID: 37870419 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay01408h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Picornavirus hepatitis A virus (HAV) is a common cause of hepatitis worldwide. It is spread primarily through contaminated food and water or person-to-person contact. HAV I has been identified as the most common type of human HAV infection. Here, we have developed a cell-free toehold switch sensor for HAV I detection. We screened 10 suitable toehold switch sequences using NUPACK software, and the VP1 gene was used as the target gene. The optimal toehold switch sequence was selected by in vivo expression. The best toehold switch concentration was further found to be 20 nM in a cell-free system. 5 nM trigger RNA activated the toehold switch to generate visible green fluorescence. The minimum detection concentration decreased to 1 pM once combined with NASBA. HAV I trigger RNA could be detected accurately with excellent specificity. In addition, the cell-free toehold switch sensor was verified in HAV I entities. The successful construction of the cell-free toehold switch sensor provided a convenient, rapid, and accurate method for HAV I on-site detection, especially in developing countries, without the involvement of expensive facilities and additional professional operators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Kang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Chen Zhao
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Shuting Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Bin Xue
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Chenyu Li
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Shang Wang
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Xiaobo Yang
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Zhiqiang Xia
- The 908th Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army Joint Logistic Support Force, Nanchang, 330000, China
| | - Yongchun Xu
- The 908th Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army Joint Logistic Support Force, Nanchang, 330000, China
| | - Yongliang Huang
- The 908th Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army Joint Logistic Support Force, Nanchang, 330000, China
| | - Zhigang Qiu
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Chao Li
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Jingfeng Wang
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Jian Pang
- The Air Force Hospital of Northern Theater People's Liberation Army, Shenyang 110042, China.
| | - Zhiqiang Shen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
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6
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Kshirsagar A, Choi G, Santosh V, Harvey T, Bernhards RC, Guan W. Handheld Purification-Free Nucleic Acid Testing Device for Point-of-Need Detection of Malaria from Whole Blood. ACS Sens 2023; 8:673-683. [PMID: 36696460 PMCID: PMC11214673 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c02169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
World Health Organization's aim to eliminate malaria from developing/resource-limited economies requires easy access to low-cost, highly sensitive, and specific screening. We present a handheld nucleic acid testing device with on-chip automated sample preparation to detect malaria (Plasmodium falciparum) infection from a whole blood sample as a feasibility study. We used a simple two-reagent-based purification-free protocol to prepare the whole blood sample on a piezo pump pressure-driven microfluidic cartridge. The cartridge includes a unique mixing chamber for sample preparation and metering structures to dispense a predetermined volume of the sample lysate mixture into four chambers containing a reaction mix. The parasite genomic DNA concentration can be estimated by monitoring the fluorescence generated from the loop-mediated isothermal amplification reaction in real time. We achieved a sensitivity of ∼0.42 parasite/μL of whole blood, sufficient for detecting asymptomatic malaria parasite carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneesh Kshirsagar
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802, USA
| | - Gihoon Choi
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802, USA
| | - Vishaka Santosh
- U.S. Army, DEVCOM Chemical Biological Center, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, 21010, USA
| | - Tara Harvey
- U.S. Army, DEVCOM Chemical Biological Center, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, 21010, USA
| | - Robert Cory Bernhards
- U.S. Army, DEVCOM Chemical Biological Center, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, 21010, USA
| | - Weihua Guan
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802, USA
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7
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Markandan K, Tiong YW, Sankaran R, Subramanian S, Markandan UD, Chaudhary V, Numan A, Khalid M, Walvekar R. Emergence of infectious diseases and role of advanced nanomaterials in point-of-care diagnostics: a review. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2022:1-89. [PMID: 36243900 DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2022.2127070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Infectious outbreaks are the foremost global public health concern, challenging the current healthcare system, which claims millions of lives annually. The most crucial way to control an infectious outbreak is by early detection through point-of-care (POC) diagnostics. POC diagnostics are highly advantageous owing to the prompt diagnosis, which is economical, simple and highly efficient with remote access capabilities. In particular, utilization of nanomaterials to architect POC devices has enabled highly integrated and portable (compact) devices with enhanced efficiency. As such, this review will detail the factors influencing the emergence of infectious diseases and methods for fast and accurate detection, thus elucidating the underlying factors of these infections. Furthermore, it comprehensively highlights the importance of different nanomaterials in POCs to detect nucleic acid, whole pathogens, proteins and antibody detection systems. Finally, we summarize findings reported on nanomaterials based on advanced POCs such as lab-on-chip, lab-on-disc-devices, point-of-action and hospital-on-chip. To this end, we discuss the challenges, potential solutions, prospects of integrating internet-of-things, artificial intelligence, 5G communications and data clouding to achieve intelligent POCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalaimani Markandan
- Temasek Laboratories, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Drive, Singapore
- Faculty of Engineering, Technology and Built Environment, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yong Wei Tiong
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, Engineering Drive, Singapore
| | - Revathy Sankaran
- Graduate School, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sakthinathan Subramanian
- Department of Materials & Mineral Resources Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology (NTUT), Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Vishal Chaudhary
- Research Cell & Department of Physics, Bhagini Nivedita College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Arshid Numan
- Graphene & Advanced 2D Materials Research Group (GAMRG), School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
- Sunway Materials Smart Science & Engineering (SMS2E) Research Cluster School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Khalid
- Graphene & Advanced 2D Materials Research Group (GAMRG), School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
- Sunway Materials Smart Science & Engineering (SMS2E) Research Cluster School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rashmi Walvekar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Malaysia, Sepang, Selangor, Malaysia
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8
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Ashraf S, Khalid A, de Vos AL, Feng Y, Rohrbach P, Hasan T. Malaria Detection Accelerated: Combing a High-Throughput NanoZoomer Platform with a ParasiteMacro Algorithm. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11101182. [PMID: 36297240 PMCID: PMC9606851 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11101182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Eradication of malaria, a mosquito-borne parasitic disease that hijacks human red blood cells, is a global priority. Microscopy remains the gold standard hallmark for diagnosis and estimation of parasitemia for malaria, to date. However, this approach is time-consuming and requires much expertise especially in malaria-endemic countries or in areas with low-density malaria infection. Thus, there is a need for accurate malaria diagnosis/parasitemia estimation with standardized, fast, and more reliable methods. To this end, we performed a proof-of-concept study using the automated imaging (NanoZoomer) platform to detect the malarial parasite in infected blood. The approach can be used as a steppingstone for malaria diagnosis and parasitemia estimation. Additionally, we created an algorithm (ParasiteMacro) compatible with free online imaging software (ImageJ) that can be used with low magnification objectives (e.g., 5×, 10×, and 20×) both in the NanoZoomer and routine microscope. The novel approach to estimate malarial parasitemia based on modern technologies compared to manual light microscopy demonstrated 100% sensitivity, 87% specificity, a 100% negative predictive value (NPV) and a 93% positive predictive value (PPV). The manual and automated malaria counts showed a good Pearson correlation for low- (R2 = 0.9377, r = 0.9683 and p < 0.0001) as well as high- parasitemia (R2 = 0.8170, r = 0.9044 and p < 0.0001) with low estimation errors. Our robust strategy that identifies and quantifies malaria can play a pivotal role in disease control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoaib Ashraf
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 40 Blossom Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Animal Science, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X3V9, Canada
| | - Areeba Khalid
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 40 Blossom Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Mathematics Adelphi University, Garden City, NY 11530, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, OR 02155, USA
| | - Arend L. de Vos
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 40 Blossom Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Swammerdam Institute of Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yanfang Feng
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 40 Blossom Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Petra Rohrbach
- Institute of Parasitology, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X3V9, Canada
| | - Tayyaba Hasan
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 40 Blossom Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Correspondence:
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9
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Ansah F, Krampa F, Donkor JK, Owusu-Appiah C, Ashitei S, Kornu VE, Danku RK, Chirawurah JD, Awandare GA, Aniweh Y, Kanyong P. Ultrasensitive electrochemical genosensors for species-specific diagnosis of malaria. Electrochim Acta 2022; 429:140988. [PMID: 36225971 PMCID: PMC9472471 DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.140988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The absence of reliable species-specific diagnostic tools for malaria at point-of-care (POC) remains a major setback towards effective disease management. This is partly due to the limited sensitivity and specificity of the current malaria POC diagnostic kits especially in cases of low-density parasitaemia and mixed species infections. In this study, we describe the first label-free DNA-based genosensors based on electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) for species-specific detection of P. falciparum, P. malariae and P. ovale. The limits of detection (LOD) for the three species-specific genosensors were down in attomolar concentrations ranging from 18.7 aM to 43.6 aM, which is below the detection limits of previously reported malaria genosensors. More importantly, the diagnostic performance of the three genosensors were compared to quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assays using purified genomic DNA and the paired whole blood lysates from clinical samples. Remarkably, all the qPCR-positive purified genomic DNA samples were correctly identified by the genosensors indicating 100% sensitivity for each of the three malaria species. The specificities of the three genosensors ranged from 66.7% to 100.0% with a Therapeutic Turnaround Time (TTAT) within 30 min, which is comparable to the TTAT of current POC diagnostic tools for malaria. This work represents a significant step towards the development of accurate and rapid species-specific nucleic acid-based toolkits for the diagnosis of malaria at the POC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Ansah
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Francis Krampa
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge,CB3 0AS, United Kingdom
| | - Jacob K. Donkor
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Caleb Owusu-Appiah
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Sarah Ashitei
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Victor E. Kornu
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Reinhard K. Danku
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Jersley D. Chirawurah
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Gordon A. Awandare
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Yaw Aniweh
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Prosper Kanyong
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
- Siemens Healthineers, Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics Products Ltd, Llanberis, Gwynedd LL55 4EL, United Kingdom
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10
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Baker AN, Hawker-Bond GW, Georgiou PG, Dedola S, Field RA, Gibson MI. Glycosylated gold nanoparticles in point of care diagnostics: from aggregation to lateral flow. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:7238-7259. [PMID: 35894819 PMCID: PMC9377422 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00267a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Current point-of-care lateral flow immunoassays, such as the home pregnancy test, rely on proteins as detection units (e.g. antibodies) to sense for analytes. Glycans play a fundamental role in biological signalling and recognition events such as pathogen adhesion and hence they are promising future alternatives to antibody-based biosensing and diagnostics. Here we introduce the potential of glycans coupled to gold nanoparticles as recognition agents for lateral flow diagnostics. We first introduce the concept of lateral flow, including a case study of lateral flow use in the field compared to other diagnostic tools. We then introduce glycosylated materials, the affinity gains achieved by the cluster glycoside effect and the current use of these in aggregation based assays. Finally, the potential role of glycans in lateral flow are explained, and examples of their successful use given. Antibody-based lateral flow (immune) assays are well established, but here the emerging concept and potential of using glycans as the detection agents is reviewed.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander N Baker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL, Coventry, UK.
| | - George W Hawker-Bond
- Oxford University Clinical Academic Graduate School, John Radcliffe Hospital Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Panagiotis G Georgiou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL, Coventry, UK.
| | | | - Robert A Field
- Iceni Glycoscience Ltd, Norwich, NR4 7GJ, UK.,Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, UK
| | - Matthew I Gibson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL, Coventry, UK. .,Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL, Coventry, UK
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11
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Gebresenbet RF, Kamaliddin C, Bekele ZM, Teferi M, Tegegne B, Yewhalaw D, Bayih AG, Pillai DR. Active case detection and treatment of malaria in pregnancy using LAMP technology (LAMPREG): a pragmatic randomised diagnostic outcomes trial-study protocol. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e058397. [PMID: 35851027 PMCID: PMC10410974 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-058397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Malaria is one of the major public health problems in sub-Saharan Africa. It contributes significantly to maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality in affected countries. This study aims to evaluate the impact of enhanced case detection using molecular testing called loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) on birth outcomes in a prospective study design. METHODS AND ANALYSIS A pragmatic randomised diagnostic outcomes trial will be conducted in several health institutes in different Ethiopian regions. Women (n=2583) in their first and second trimesters of pregnancy will be included in the study and individually randomised to the standard of care or enhanced case detection arms, and followed until delivery. Enrolment will encompass the malaria peak transmission seasons. In the standard of care arm, a venous blood sample will be collected for malaria diagnosis only in symptomatic patients. In contrast, in the intervention arm, mothers will be tested by a commercially available Conformité Européene (CE)-approved LAMP malaria test, microscopy and rapid diagnostic test for malaria regardless of their symptoms at each antenatal care visit. The primary outcome of the study is to measure birth weight. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study was approved by the following ethical research boards: Armauer Hansen Research Institute/ALERT Ethics Review Committee (FORM AF-10-015.1, Protocol number PO/05/20), the Ethiopia Ministry of Science and Higher Education National Research Ethics Review Committee (approval SRA/11.7/7115/20), the Ethiopia Food and Drug Administration (approval 02/25/33/I), UCalgary Conjoint Health Research Ethics Board (REB21-0234). The study results will be shared with the institutions and stakeholders such as the Ethiopia Ministry of Health, the Foundation for Innovative Diagnostics, WHO's Multilateral initiative on Malaria - Tropical Diseases Research (TDR-MIM), Roll Back Malaria and the Malaria in Pregnancy Consortium. The study results will also be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at international conferences. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT03754322.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Claire Kamaliddin
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Mekonnen Teferi
- Clinical Trials Unit, Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Oromia, Ethiopia
| | - Banchamlak Tegegne
- Medical Parasitology, Amhara Public Health Institute, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Delenasaw Yewhalaw
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences and Pathology, Jimma University College of Public Health and Medical Sciences, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | | | - Dylan R Pillai
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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12
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Lyimo BM, Popkin-Hall ZR, Giesbrecht DJ, Mandara CI, Madebe RA, Bakari C, Pereus D, Seth MD, Ngamba RM, Mbwambo RB, MacInnis B, Mbwambo D, Garimo I, Chacky F, Aaron S, Lusasi A, Molteni F, Njau R, Cunningham JA, Lazaro S, Mohamed A, Juliano JJ, Bailey J, Ishengoma DS. Potential Opportunities and Challenges of Deploying Next Generation Sequencing and CRISPR-Cas Systems to Support Diagnostics and Surveillance Towards Malaria Control and Elimination in Africa. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:757844. [PMID: 35909968 PMCID: PMC9326448 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.757844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent developments in molecular biology and genomics have revolutionized biology and medicine mainly in the developed world. The application of next generation sequencing (NGS) and CRISPR-Cas tools is now poised to support endemic countries in the detection, monitoring and control of endemic diseases and future epidemics, as well as with emerging and re-emerging pathogens. Most low and middle income countries (LMICs) with the highest burden of infectious diseases still largely lack the capacity to generate and perform bioinformatic analysis of genomic data. These countries have also not deployed tools based on CRISPR-Cas technologies. For LMICs including Tanzania, it is critical to focus not only on the process of generation and analysis of data generated using such tools, but also on the utilization of the findings for policy and decision making. Here we discuss the promise and challenges of NGS and CRISPR-Cas in the context of malaria as Africa moves towards malaria elimination. These innovative tools are urgently needed to strengthen the current diagnostic and surveillance systems. We discuss ongoing efforts to deploy these tools for malaria detection and molecular surveillance highlighting potential opportunities presented by these innovative technologies as well as challenges in adopting them. Their deployment will also offer an opportunity to broadly build in-country capacity in pathogen genomics and bioinformatics, and to effectively engage with multiple stakeholders as well as policy makers, overcoming current workforce and infrastructure challenges. Overall, these ongoing initiatives will build the malaria molecular surveillance capacity of African researchers and their institutions, and allow them to generate genomics data and perform bioinformatics analysis in-country in order to provide critical information that will be used for real-time policy and decision-making to support malaria elimination on the continent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatus M. Lyimo
- National Institute for Medical Research, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
- School of Life Sciences and Bio-Engineering, Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, Arusha, Tanzania
| | | | - David J. Giesbrecht
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for International Health Research, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | | | - Rashid A. Madebe
- National Institute for Medical Research, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Catherine Bakari
- National Institute for Medical Research, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Dativa Pereus
- National Institute for Medical Research, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Misago D. Seth
- National Institute for Medical Research, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | | | - Ruth B. Mbwambo
- National Institute for Medical Research, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Bronwyn MacInnis
- Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
- Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Issa Garimo
- National Malaria Control Programme, Dodoma, Tanzania
| | - Frank Chacky
- National Malaria Control Programme, Dodoma, Tanzania
| | | | | | | | - Ritha Njau
- World Health Organization, Country Office, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Jane A. Cunningham
- Global Malaria Programme, World Health Organization, Headquarters, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Samwel Lazaro
- National Malaria Control Programme, Dodoma, Tanzania
| | - Ally Mohamed
- National Malaria Control Programme, Dodoma, Tanzania
| | - Jonathan J. Juliano
- School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Jeffrey A. Bailey
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for International Health Research, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Deus S. Ishengoma
- National Institute for Medical Research, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
- Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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13
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Melese Y, Alemu M, Yimer M, Tegegne B, Tadele T. Asymptomatic Malaria in Households and Neighbors of Laboratory Confirmed Cases in Raya Kobo District, Northeast Ethiopia. Ethiop J Health Sci 2022; 32:623-630. [PMID: 35813680 PMCID: PMC9214748 DOI: 10.4314/ejhs.v32i3.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Malaria is the leading vector-borne parasitic disease that is causing high morbidity and mortality worldwide. So far huge efforts to control and eliminate malaria are hindered by the occurrence of asymptomatic carriers that are a potential source of infection. Yet, there is a scarcity of data nationally and in the current study area as well. Therefore, this study was aimed to assess the prevalence of asymptomatic malaria in Northeast Ethiopia. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in 2019 involving a total of 270 study participants recruited via purposive non-probability sampling technique. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data on sociodemographic characteristics, individual and household factors related to asymptomatic malaria. Data were entered in Epi Data 3.1 version and analyzed by using SPSS version 20, and p< 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results The overall prevalence of asymptomatic malaria was 7.0%, with 3.0%, 5.2%, and 12.0%, respectively by Rapid diagnostic tests (RDT), Microscopy and Polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The majority of infections (73.7%) were identified from index households. Previous malaria history (AOR: 4.030, 95% CI: 1.021-15.903), living with index cases (AOR: 3.880, 95% CI: 1.275-11.806) and family size > 6 members (AOR: 4.820, 95% CI: 1.260-18.437) were significant predictors of asymptomatic malaria. Conclusion Reactive case detection had identified considerably higher asymptomatic malaria cases in the community. Therefore, active case investigation should be established in the community by tracking the symptomatic cases at the health facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Megbaru Alemu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Ethiopia
| | - Mulat Yimer
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Ethiopia
| | | | - Tigist Tadele
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Ethiopia
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14
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Mousavi SM, Hashemi SA, Kalashgrani MY, Gholami A, Omidifar N, Babapoor A, Vijayakameswara Rao N, Chiang WH. Recent Advances in Plasma-Engineered Polymers for Biomarker-Based Viral Detection and Highly Multiplexed Analysis. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12050286. [PMID: 35624587 PMCID: PMC9138656 DOI: 10.3390/bios12050286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Infectious diseases remain a pervasive threat to global and public health, especially in many countries and rural urban areas. The main causes of such severe diseases are the lack of appropriate analytical methods and subsequent treatment strategies due to limited access to centralized and equipped medical centers for detection. Rapid and accurate diagnosis in biomedicine and healthcare is essential for the effective treatment of pathogenic viruses as well as early detection. Plasma-engineered polymers are used worldwide for viral infections in conjunction with molecular detection of biomarkers. Plasma-engineered polymers for biomarker-based viral detection are generally inexpensive and offer great potential. For biomarker-based virus detection, plasma-based polymers appear to be potential biological probes and have been used directly with physiological components to perform highly multiplexed analyses simultaneously. The simultaneous measurement of multiple clinical parameters from the same sample volume is possible using highly multiplexed analysis to detect human viral infections, thereby reducing the time and cost required to collect each data point. This article reviews recent studies on the efficacy of plasma-engineered polymers as a detection method against human pandemic viruses. In this review study, we examine polymer biomarkers, plasma-engineered polymers, highly multiplexed analyses for viral infections, and recent applications of polymer-based biomarkers for virus detection. Finally, we provide an outlook on recent advances in the field of plasma-engineered polymers for biomarker-based virus detection and highly multiplexed analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyyed Mojtaba Mousavi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei City 106335, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: (S.M.M.); (W.-H.C.)
| | - Seyyed Alireza Hashemi
- Nanomaterials and Polymer Nanocomposites Laboratory, School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada;
| | - Masoomeh Yari Kalashgrani
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71468-64685, Iran; (M.Y.K.); (A.G.)
| | - Ahmad Gholami
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71468-64685, Iran; (M.Y.K.); (A.G.)
| | - Navid Omidifar
- Department of Pathology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71468-64685, Iran;
| | - Aziz Babapoor
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Mohaghegh Ardabil, Ardabil 56199-11367, Iran;
| | - Neralla Vijayakameswara Rao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei City 106335, Taiwan;
| | - Wei-Hung Chiang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei City 106335, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: (S.M.M.); (W.-H.C.)
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15
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Fitri LE, Widaningrum T, Endharti AT, Prabowo MH, Winaris N, Nugraha RYB. Malaria diagnostic update: From conventional to advanced method. J Clin Lab Anal 2022; 36:e24314. [PMID: 35247002 PMCID: PMC8993657 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Update diagnostic methods play essential roles in dealing with the current global malaria situation and decreasing malaria incidence. AIM Global malaria control programs require the availability of adequate laboratory tests in the quick and convenient field. RESULTS There are several methods to find out the existence of parasites within the blood. The oldest one is by microscopy, which is still a gold standard, although rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) have rapidly become a primary diagnostic test in many endemic areas. Because of microscopy and RDTs limitation, novel serological and molecular methods have been developed. Many kinds of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) provide rapid results and higher specificity and sensitivity. The loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) and biosensing-based molecular techniques as point of care tests (POCT) will become a cost-effective approach to advance diagnostic testing. CONCLUSION Despite conventional techniques are still being used in the field, the exploration and field implementation of advanced techniques for the diagnosis of malaria are still being developed rapidly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loeki Enggar Fitri
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia.,Malaria Research Group, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Tarina Widaningrum
- Malaria Research Group, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Agustina Tri Endharti
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Hatta Prabowo
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science Universitas Islam Indonesia, Sleman, Indonesia
| | - Nuning Winaris
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia.,Malaria Research Group, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Rivo Yudhinata Brian Nugraha
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia.,Malaria Research Group, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
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16
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Luka G, Samiei E, Tasnim N, Dalili A, Najjaran H, Hoorfar M. Comprehensive review of conventional and state-of-the-art detection methods of Cryptosporidium. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 421:126714. [PMID: 34325293 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cryptosporidium is a critical waterborne protozoan pathogen found in water resources that have been a major cause of death and serious illnesses worldwide, costing millions of dollars annually for its detection and treatment. Over the past several decades, substantial efforts have been made towards developing techniques for the detection of Cryptosporidium. Early diagnostic techniques were established based on the existing tools in laboratories, such as microscopes. Advancements in fluorescence microscopy, immunological, and molecular techniques have led to the development of several kits for the detection of Cryptosporidium spp. However, these methods have several limitations, such as long processing times, large sample volumes, the requirement for bulky and expensive laboratory tools, and the high cost of reagents. There is an urgent need to improve these existing techniques and develop low-cost, portable and rapid detection tools for applications in the water quality industry. In this review, we compare recent advances in nanotechnology, biosensing and microfluidics that have facilitated the development of sophisticated tools for the detection of Cryptosporidium spp.Finally, we highlight the advantages and disadvantages, of these state-of-the-art detection methods compared to current analytical methodologies and discuss the need for future developments to improve such methods for detecting Cryptosporidium in the water supply chain to enable real-time and on-site monitoring in water resources and remote areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Luka
- School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, 3333 University Way, Kelowna, BC V1V1V7, Canada.
| | - Ehsan Samiei
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada.
| | - Nishat Tasnim
- School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, 3333 University Way, Kelowna, BC V1V1V7, Canada.
| | - Arash Dalili
- School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, 3333 University Way, Kelowna, BC V1V1V7, Canada.
| | - Homayoun Najjaran
- School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, 3333 University Way, Kelowna, BC V1V1V7, Canada.
| | - Mina Hoorfar
- School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, 3333 University Way, Kelowna, BC V1V1V7, Canada.
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17
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Sharma S, Singh J, Sen A, Anvikar A. Multiplex loop mediated isothermal amplification (m-LAMP) as a point of care technique for diagnosis of malaria. J Vector Borne Dis 2022; 59:29-36. [DOI: 10.4103/0972-9062.331409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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18
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Qu H, Fan C, Chen M, Zhang X, Yan Q, Wang Y, Zhang S, Gong Z, Shi L, Li X, Liao Q, Xiang B, Zhou M, Guo C, Li G, Zeng Z, Wu X, Xiong W. Recent advances of fluorescent biosensors based on cyclic signal amplification technology in biomedical detection. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:403. [PMID: 34863202 PMCID: PMC8645109 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-01149-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The cyclic signal amplification technology has been widely applied for the ultrasensitive detection of many important biomolecules, such as nucleic acids, proteins, enzymes, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), metal ions, exosome, etc. Due to their low content in the complex biological samples, traditional detection methods are insufficient to satisfy the requirements for monitoring those biomolecules. Therefore, effective and sensitive biosensors based on cyclic signal amplification technology are of great significance for the quick and simple diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Fluorescent biosensor based on cyclic signal amplification technology has become a research hotspot due to its simple operation, low cost, short time, high sensitivity and high specificity. This paper introduces several cyclic amplification methods, such as rolling circle amplification (RCA), strand displacement reactions (SDR) and enzyme-assisted amplification (EAA), and summarizes the research progress of using this technology in the detection of different biomolecules in recent years, in order to provide help for the research of more efficient and sensitive detection methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongke Qu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chunmei Fan
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Mingjian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiangyan Zhang
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qijia Yan
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Department of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yumin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Department of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shanshan Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhaojian Gong
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiayu Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qianjin Liao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bo Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ming Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Can Guo
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Guiyuan Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhaoyang Zeng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xu Wu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China. .,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Wei Xiong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China. .,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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19
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Shu T, Hunter H, Zhou Z, Sun Y, Cheng X, Ma J, Su L, Zhang X, Serpe MJ. Portable point-of-care diagnostic devices: an updated review. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2021; 13:5418-5435. [PMID: 34787609 DOI: 10.1039/d1ay01643a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The global pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID) virus indiscriminately impacted people worldwide with unquantifiable and severe impacts on all aspects of our lives, regardless of socioeconomic status. The pandemic brought to light the very real possibility of pathogens changing and shaping the way we live, and our lack of preparedness to deal with viral/bacterial outbreaks. Importantly, the quick detection of pathogens can help prevent and control the spread of disease, making the importance of diagnostic techniques undeniable. Point-of-care diagnostics started as a supplement to standard lab-based diagnostics, and are gradually becoming mainstream. Because of this, and their importance in detecting pathogens (especially in the developing world), their development has accelerated at an unprecedented rate. In this review, we highlight some important and recent examples of point-of-care diagnostics for detecting nucleic acids, proteins, bacteria, and other biomarkers, with the intent of making apparent their positive impact on society and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Shu
- Research Center for Biosensor and Nanotheranostic, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Nano-Biosensing Technology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Haley Hunter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2G2.
| | - Ziping Zhou
- Research Center for Biosensor and Nanotheranostic, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Nano-Biosensing Technology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Yanping Sun
- Research Center for Biosensor and Nanotheranostic, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Nano-Biosensing Technology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojun Cheng
- Research Center for Biosensor and Nanotheranostic, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Nano-Biosensing Technology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Jianxin Ma
- Research Center for Biosensor and Nanotheranostic, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Nano-Biosensing Technology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Lei Su
- Research Center for Biosensor and Nanotheranostic, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Nano-Biosensing Technology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
| | - Xueji Zhang
- Research Center for Biosensor and Nanotheranostic, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Nano-Biosensing Technology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
| | - Michael J Serpe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2G2.
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20
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Berry ME, Kearns H, Graham D, Faulds K. Surface enhanced Raman scattering for the multiplexed detection of pathogenic microorganisms: towards point-of-use applications. Analyst 2021; 146:6084-6101. [PMID: 34492668 PMCID: PMC8504440 DOI: 10.1039/d1an00865j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is a technique that demonstrates a number of advantages for the rapid, specific and sensitive detection of pathogenic microorganisms. In this review, an overview of label-free and label-based SERS approaches, including microfluidics, nucleic acid detection and immunoassays, for the multiplexed detection of pathogenic bacteria and viruses from the last decade will be discussed, as well as their transition into promising point-of-use detection technologies in industrial and medical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew E Berry
- Centre for Molecular Nanometrology, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology and Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde, 99 George Street, Glasgow, G1 1RD, UK.
| | - Hayleigh Kearns
- Centre for Molecular Nanometrology, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology and Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde, 99 George Street, Glasgow, G1 1RD, UK.
| | - Duncan Graham
- Centre for Molecular Nanometrology, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology and Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde, 99 George Street, Glasgow, G1 1RD, UK.
| | - Karen Faulds
- Centre for Molecular Nanometrology, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology and Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde, 99 George Street, Glasgow, G1 1RD, UK.
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21
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Mwenda MC, Fola AA, Ciubotariu II, Mulube C, Mambwe B, Kasaro R, Hawela MB, Hamainza B, Miller JM, Carpi G, Bridges DJ. Performance evaluation of RDT, light microscopy, and PET-PCR for detecting Plasmodium falciparum malaria infections in the 2018 Zambia National Malaria Indicator Survey. Malar J 2021; 20:386. [PMID: 34583692 PMCID: PMC8477358 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-021-03917-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Zambia continues to advance on the path to elimination with significant reductions in malaria morbidity and mortality. Crucial components that have contributed to progress thus far and are necessary for achieving the national malaria elimination goals include properly identifying and treating all malaria cases through accurate diagnosis. This study sought to compare and assess the diagnostic performance of Rapid Diagnostic Tests (RDT) and Light Microscopy (LM) with photo-induced electron transfer polymerase chain reaction (PET-PCR) as the gold standard using 2018 Malaria Indicator Survey (MIS) data across Zambia to better understand diagnostic accuracy metrics and how these vary across a transmission gradient. Methods Cross-sectional samples collected in a nationally representative survey from 7 provinces in Zambia were tested for the presence of malaria parasites by light microscopy (LM), rapid diagnostic test (RDT) and the gold standard PET-PCR. Diagnostic performance was assessed including sensitivity, specificity, negative- and positive-predictive values across a wide malaria transmission spectrum. Diagnostic accuracy metrics were measured, and statistically significant differences were calculated between test methods for different outcome variables. Results From the individuals included in the MIS, the overall prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum malaria was 32.9% by RDT, 19.4% by LM, and 23.2% by PET-PCR. Herein, RDT and LM diagnostic performance was compared against gold standard PET-PCR with LM displaying a higher diagnostic accuracy than RDTs (91.3% vs. 84.6% respectively) across the transmission spectrum in Zambia. However, the performance of both diagnostics was significantly reduced in low parasitaemia samples. Consistent with previous studies, RDT diagnostic accuracy was predominantly affected by a high rate of false positives. Conclusions RDTs and LM both perform well across a range of transmission intensities within their respective target applications, i.e., in the community, for the former, where ease of use and speed of result is critical, and at the health facility, for the latter, where accuracy is prioritized. However, the performance of both diagnostic methods is adversely affected by low parasitaemia infections. As Zambia moves towards elimination more sensitive tools may be required to identify the last cases. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12936-021-03917-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mulenga C Mwenda
- PATH Malaria Control and Elimination Partnership in Africa (MACEPA), National Malaria Elimination Centre, Ministry of Health, Chainama Grounds, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Abebe A Fola
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Ilinca I Ciubotariu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Conceptor Mulube
- PATH Malaria Control and Elimination Partnership in Africa (MACEPA), National Malaria Elimination Centre, Ministry of Health, Chainama Grounds, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Brenda Mambwe
- PATH Malaria Control and Elimination Partnership in Africa (MACEPA), National Malaria Elimination Centre, Ministry of Health, Chainama Grounds, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Rachael Kasaro
- PATH Malaria Control and Elimination Partnership in Africa (MACEPA), National Malaria Elimination Centre, Ministry of Health, Chainama Grounds, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Moonga B Hawela
- National Malaria Elimination Centre, Ministry of Health, Chainama Hospital and College Grounds, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Busiku Hamainza
- National Malaria Elimination Centre, Ministry of Health, Chainama Hospital and College Grounds, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - John M Miller
- PATH Malaria Control and Elimination Partnership in Africa (MACEPA), National Malaria Elimination Centre, Ministry of Health, Chainama Grounds, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Giovanna Carpi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.,Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, Indiana, USA
| | - Daniel J Bridges
- PATH Malaria Control and Elimination Partnership in Africa (MACEPA), National Malaria Elimination Centre, Ministry of Health, Chainama Grounds, Lusaka, Zambia.
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22
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Naseri M, Ziora ZM, Simon GP, Batchelor W. ASSURED‐compliant point‐of‐care diagnostics for the detection of human viral infections. Rev Med Virol 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Naseri
- Department of Chemical Engineering Bioresource Processing Research Institute of Australia (BioPRIA) Monash University Clayton VIC Australia
| | - Zyta M Ziora
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience The University of Queensland St Lucia QLD Australia
| | - George P Simon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Monash University Clayton VIC Australia
| | - Warren Batchelor
- Department of Chemical Engineering Bioresource Processing Research Institute of Australia (BioPRIA) Monash University Clayton VIC Australia
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23
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Hrdy J, Vasickova P, Nesvadbova M, Novotny J, Mati T, Kralik P. MOL-PCR and xMAP Technology: A Multiplex System for Fast Detection of Food- and Waterborne Viruses. J Mol Diagn 2021; 23:765-776. [PMID: 33864939 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2021.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses are common causes of food- and waterborne diseases worldwide. Conventional identification of these agents is based on cultivation, antigen detection, electron microscopy, or real-time PCR. Because recent technological advancements in detection methods are focused on fast and robust analysis, a rapid multiplexing technology, which can detect a broad spectrum of pathogenic viruses connected to food or water contamination, was utilized. A new semiquantitative magnetic bead-based multiplex system has been designed for simultaneous detection of several targets in one reaction. The system includes adenoviruses 40/41 (AdV), rotavirus A (RVA), norovirus (NoV), hepatitis E virus (HEV), hepatitis A virus (HAV), and a target for external control of the system. To evaluate the detection system, interlaboratory ring tests were performed in four independent laboratories. Analytical specificity of the tool was tested on a cohort of pathogenic agents and biological samples with quantitative PCR as a reference method. Limit of detection (analytical sensitivity) of 5 × 100 (AdV, HEV, and RVA) and 5 × 101 (HAV and NoV) genome equivalents per reaction was reached. This robust, senstivie, and rapid multiplexing technology may be used to routinely monitor and manage viruses in food and water to prevent food and waterborne diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Hrdy
- Department of Microbiology and Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Petra Vasickova
- Department of Microbiology and Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Nesvadbova
- Department of Animal Origin Food and Gastronomic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Novotny
- Military Health Institute, Military Medical Agency, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Mati
- Military Veterinary Institute, Hlucin, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Kralik
- Department of Animal Origin Food and Gastronomic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
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24
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Yoon J, Jang WS, Nam J, Mihn DC, Lim CS. An Automated Microscopic Malaria Parasite Detection System Using Digital Image Analysis. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11030527. [PMID: 33809642 PMCID: PMC8002244 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11030527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid diagnosis and parasitemia measurement is crucial for management of malaria. Microscopic examination of peripheral blood (PB) smears is the gold standard for malaria detection. However, this method is labor-intensive. Here, we aimed to develop a completely automated microscopic system for malaria detection and parasitemia measurement. The automated system comprises a microscope, plastic chip, fluorescent dye, and an image analysis program. Analytical performance was evaluated regarding linearity, precision, and limit of detection and was compared with that of conventional microscopic PB smear examination and flow cytometry. The automated microscopic malaria parasite detection system showed a high degree of linearity for Plasmodium falciparum culture (R2 = 0.958, p = 0.005) and Plasmodium vivax infected samples (R2 = 0.931, p = 0.008). Precision was defined as the %CV of the assay results at each level of parasitemia and the %CV value for our system was lower than that for microscopic examination for all densities of parasitemia. The limit of detection analysis showed 95% probability for parasite detection was 0.00066112%, and a high correlation was observed among all three methods. The sensitivity and specificity of the system was both 100% (n = 21/21) and 100% (n = 50/50), respectively, and the system correctly identified all P. vivax and P. falciparum samples. The automated microscopic malaria parasite detection system offers several advantages over conventional microscopy for rapid diagnosis and parasite density monitoring of malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Yoon
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 08308, Korea; (J.Y.); (W.S.J.)
| | - Woong Sik Jang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 08308, Korea; (J.Y.); (W.S.J.)
| | - Jeonghun Nam
- Department of Song-Do Bio-Environmental Engineering, Incheon Jaeneung University, Incheon 21987, Korea;
| | - Do-CiC Mihn
- Department of Diagnostic Immunology, Seegene Medical Foundation, Seoul 04805, Korea;
| | - Chae Seung Lim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 08308, Korea; (J.Y.); (W.S.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-2626-3245
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25
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Magneto-optical diagnosis of symptomatic malaria in Papua New Guinea. Nat Commun 2021; 12:969. [PMID: 33579923 PMCID: PMC7881035 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21110-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Improved methods for malaria diagnosis are urgently needed. Here, we evaluate a novel method named rotating-crystal magneto-optical detection (RMOD) in 956 suspected malaria patients in Papua New Guinea. RMOD tests can be conducted within minutes and at low cost. We systematically evaluate the capability of RMOD to detect infections by directly comparing it with expert light microscopy, rapid diagnostic tests and polymerase chain reaction on capillary blood samples. We show that compared to light microscopy, RMOD exhibits 82% sensitivity and 84% specificity to detect any malaria infection and 87% sensitivity and 88% specificity to detect Plasmodium vivax. This indicates that RMOD could be useful in P. vivax dominated elimination settings. Parasite density correlates well with the quantitative magneto-optical signal. Importantly, residual hemozoin present in malaria-negative patients is also detectable by RMOD, indicating its ability to detect previous infections. This could be exploited to reveal transmission hotspots in low-transmission settings. Here Arndt et al. establish rotating-crystal magneto-optical detection (RMOD) as a near-point-of-care diagnostic tool for malaria detection and report a sensitivity and specificity of 82% and 84%, respectively, as validated by analyzing a clinical population in a high transmission setting in Papua New Guinea.
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26
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Liu M, Zhao Y, Monshat H, Tang Z, Wu Z, Zhang Q, Lu M. An IoT-enabled paper sensor platform for real-time analysis of isothermal nucleic acid amplification tests. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 169:112651. [PMID: 33002794 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Paper-based sensors can be exploited to develop low-cost, disposable, and rapid assays for the detection of a large variety of analytes. We report a paper-based sensor system for a point-of-care (POC) nucleic acid amplification test that can quantitatively detect multiple genes from different pathogens. The POC system combines a paper sensor chip and a portable instrument, which is built on an Internet of Things (IoT) platform. The paper-based sensor provides the functions of reagent storage, sample transportation, and nucleic acid amplification. The IoT instrument uses an Arduino microcontroller to control temperature, collect fluorescence images, and store the data in cloud storage via a WiFi network. A compact fluorescence reader was designed to measure fluorescence images of the amplicons during a loop-mediated isothermal amplification reaction in real-time. The real-time detection capability enables the quantitative analysis of target genes. The results show that the paper-based sensor cam distinguish multiple genes of the genomic DNA extracted from Escherichia coli and Campylobacter jejuni, with the concentration as low as 2 × 103 copies/μL. The affordable instrument, in conjunction with the disposable paper sensor chip, would have a great potential for POC detections of pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingdian Liu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Yuxin Zhao
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Hosein Monshat
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Zheyuan Tang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Zuowei Wu
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Qijing Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Meng Lu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.
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27
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Zhang L, Guo W, Lu Y. Advances in Cell‐Free Biosensors: Principle, Mechanism, and Applications. Biotechnol J 2020; 15:e2000187. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.202000187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biocatalysis Ministry of Education Department of Chemical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
- Department of Ecology Shenyang Agricultural University Shenyang Liaoning Province 110866 China
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Ecology Shenyang Agricultural University Shenyang Liaoning Province 110866 China
| | - Yuan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biocatalysis Ministry of Education Department of Chemical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
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28
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Mbanefo A, Kumar N. Evaluation of Malaria Diagnostic Methods as a Key for Successful Control and Elimination Programs. Trop Med Infect Dis 2020; 5:E102. [PMID: 32575405 PMCID: PMC7344938 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed5020102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. According to the World Health Organization's (WHO's) world malaria report for 2018, there were 228 million cases and 405,000 deaths worldwide. This paper reviews and highlights the importance of accurate, sensitive and affordable diagnostic methods in the fight against malaria. The PubMed online database was used to search for publications that examined the different diagnostic tests for malaria. Currently used diagnostic methods include microscopy, rapid diagnostic tests (RDT), and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Upcoming methods were identified as loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (NASBA), isothermal thermophilic helicase-dependent amplification (tHDA), saliva-based test for nucleic-acid amplification, saliva-based test for Plasmodium protein detection, urine malaria test (UMT), and transdermal hemozoin detection. RDT, despite its increasing false negative, is still the most feasible diagnostic test because it is easy to use, fast, and does not need expensive equipment. Noninvasive tests that do not require a blood sample, but use saliva or urine, are some of the recent tests under development that have the potential to aid malaria control and elimination. Emerging resistance to anti-malaria drugs and to insecticides used against vectors continues to thwart progress in controlling malaria. Therefore, future innovation will be required to enable the application of more sensitive and affordable methods in resource-limited settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afoma Mbanefo
- Department of Global Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Nirbhay Kumar
- Department of Global Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
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29
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Ngasala B, Mutemi DD, Mwaiswelo RO. Diagnostic Performance of Malaria Rapid Diagnostic Test and Microscopy Compared with PCR for Detection of Plasmodium falciparum Infections among Primary Schoolchildren in Kibiti District, Eastern Tanzania: An Area with Moderate Malaria Transmission. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2020; 101:809-811. [PMID: 31436157 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.19-0394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A substantial decline of malaria transmission intensity has been observed in sub-Saharan Africa over the past two decades and may affect the diagnostic performance of malaria rapid diagnostic test (mRDT) and microscopy. Diagnostic performance of histidine-rich protein II (HRP-II)/pan-lactate dehydrogenase (pLDH)-based mRDT and microscopy was evaluated against polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the diagnosis of Plasmodium falciparum infection among 316 primary schoolchildren in Kibiti district, in 2016. Polymerase chain reaction detected more cases of P. falciparum infection than mRDT or microscopy. Using PCR as reference, the sensitivity and specificity of mRDT were 75.9% (95% CI = 62.8-86.1) and 96.9% (95% CI = 94.0-98.7), respectively, whereas that of microscopy were 63.8% (95% CI = 50.1-76.0) and 95.7% (95% CI = 92.5-97.9), respectively. Polymerase chain reaction and other molecular methods should be considered for use in schools and other epidemiological surveys as supplement to mRDT or microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Billy Ngasala
- Department of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, School of Public Health and Social Sciences, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.,Department of Women's and Children's Health, International Maternal and Child Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Doreen D Mutemi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, School of Public Health and Social Sciences, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Richard O Mwaiswelo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Hubert Kairuki Memorial University, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.,Department of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, School of Public Health and Social Sciences, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
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30
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Krampa FD, Aniweh Y, Kanyong P, Awandare GA. Recent Advances in the Development of Biosensors for Malaria Diagnosis. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:E799. [PMID: 32024098 PMCID: PMC7038750 DOI: 10.3390/s20030799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The impact of malaria on global health has continually prompted the need to develop more effective diagnostic strategies that could overcome deficiencies in accurate and early detection. In this review, we examine the various biosensor-based methods for malaria diagnostic biomarkers, namely; Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein 2 (PfHRP-2), parasite lactate dehydrogenase (pLDH), aldolase, glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), and the biocrystal hemozoin. The models that demonstrate a potential for field application have been discussed, looking at the fabrication and analytical performance characteristics, including (but not exclusively limited to): response time, sensitivity, detection limit, linear range, and storage stability, which are first summarized in a tabular form and then described in detail. The conclusion summarizes the state-of-the-art technologies applied in the field, the current challenges and the emerging prospects for malaria biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis D. Krampa
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 25, Legon, Accra, Ghana; (Y.A.); (P.K.); (G.A.A.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell & Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 54, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Yaw Aniweh
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 25, Legon, Accra, Ghana; (Y.A.); (P.K.); (G.A.A.)
| | - Prosper Kanyong
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 25, Legon, Accra, Ghana; (Y.A.); (P.K.); (G.A.A.)
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, UK
| | - Gordon A. Awandare
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 25, Legon, Accra, Ghana; (Y.A.); (P.K.); (G.A.A.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell & Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 54, Legon, Accra, Ghana
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31
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Mweu MM, Wambua J, Njuga F, Bejon P, Mwanga D. Bayesian evaluation of the performance of three diagnostic tests for Plasmodium falciparum infection in a low-transmission setting in Kilifi County, Kenya. Wellcome Open Res 2019; 4:67. [PMID: 31595228 PMCID: PMC6777009 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15204.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Central to the successful elimination of Plasmodium falciparum malaria, are tests with superior capability of diagnosing low-density parasitaemias. Empirical evidence on the performance of the commonly available diagnostics (light microscopy (LM), rapid diagnostic tests (RDT) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR)) is needed to better inform case management and surveillance activities within primary health care settings where elimination of falciparum malaria is targeted. The objective of this study was to estimate the sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) and predictive values of LM, RDT and PCR tests for P. falciparum infection in children, while evaluating the effect of specific covariates on the accuracy of the tests. Methods: The study enrolled 1,563 children presenting with fever (axillary temperature ≥ 37.5 0C) to the Ngerenya dispensary, Kilifi County between March and December 2014. A Bayesian latent class model (BLCM) was fitted to the participants' diagnostic data obtained from blood samples that were screened for the presence of P. falciparum using the three tests. Results: The PCR assay registered a higher Se (97.6% [92.0; 99.7]) than LM (84.0% [74.8; 91.0]) but similar to RDT (92.2% [84.4; 97.0]). However, the assay showed a similar Sp (98.9% [98.2; 99.4]) to both RDT (99.4% [98.9; 99.7]) and LM (99.5% [99.0; 99.8]). Regarding predictive values, the tests yielded statistically similar estimates of positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV). A serial interpretation of the results of RDT and LM raised the PPVs and NPVs to >98%. Conclusions: LM and RDT afford high Se and Sp in symptomatic care-seeking children in this low P. falciparum prevalence setting. A serial combination of the tests assures high PPV and NPV estimates. These elements, coupled with the wide deployment and affordability of the tests, lend the tests useful for guiding clinical care and surveillance activities for P. falciparum within elimination settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marshal M. Mweu
- School of Public Health, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Fixtan Njuga
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Philip Bejon
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Daniel Mwanga
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
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32
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Rampazzo RC, Graziani AC, Leite KK, Surdi JA, Biondo CA, Costa ML, Jacomasso T, Cereda M, De Fazio M, Bianchessi MA, Moreira OC, Britto C, Costa JD, Góes VM, da Silva AJ, Krieger MA, Costa AD. Proof of Concept for a Portable Platform for Molecular Diagnosis of Tropical Diseases. J Mol Diagn 2019; 21:839-851. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2019.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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33
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Mweu MM, Wambua J, Njuga F, Bejon P, Mwanga D. Bayesian evaluation of the performance of three diagnostic tests for Plasmodium falciparum infection in a low-transmission setting in Kilifi County, Kenya. Wellcome Open Res 2019; 4:67. [PMID: 31595228 PMCID: PMC6777009 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15204.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Central to the successful elimination of Plasmodium falciparum malaria, are tests with superior capability of diagnosing low-density parasitaemias. Empirical evidence on the performance of the commonly available diagnostics (light microscopy (LM), rapid diagnostic tests (RDT) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR)) is needed to better inform case management and surveillance activities within primary health care settings where elimination of falciparum malaria is targeted. The objective of this study was to estimate the sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) and predictive values of LM, RDT and PCR tests for P. falciparum infection in children, while evaluating the effect of specific covariates on the accuracy of the tests. Methods: The study enrolled 1,563 children presenting with fever (axillary temperature ≥ 37.50C) to the Ngerenya dispensary, Kilifi County between March and December 2014. A Bayesian latent class model (BLCM) was fitted to the participants' diagnostic data obtained from blood samples that were screened for the presence of P. falciparum using the three tests. Results: The PCR assay registered a higher Se (97.6% [92.0; 99.7]) than LM (84.0% [74.8; 91.0]) but similar to RDT (92.2% [84.4; 97.0]). However, the assay showed a similar Sp (98.9% [98.2; 99.4]) to both RDT (99.4% [98.9; 99.7]) and LM (99.5% [99.0; 99.8]). Regarding predictive values, the tests yielded statistically similar estimates of positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV). A serial interpretation of the results of RDT and LM raised the PPVs and NPVs to >98%. Conclusions: LM and RDT afford high Se and Sp in a low P. falciparum prevalence setting. A serial combination of the tests assures high PPV and NPV estimates. These elements, coupled with the wide deployment and affordability of the tests, lend the tests useful for guiding clinical care and surveillance activities for P. falciparum within elimination settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marshal M. Mweu
- School of Public Health, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Fixtan Njuga
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Philip Bejon
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Daniel Mwanga
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
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Iwe IA, Li Z, Huang J. A dual-cycling fluorescence scheme for ultrasensitive DNA detection through signal amplification and target regeneration. Analyst 2019; 144:2649-2655. [PMID: 30843550 DOI: 10.1039/c9an00075e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we propose an ultrasensitive fluorescence strategy for DNA detection. This method utilizes a molecular beacon (MB), a hairpin probe (HP), and an enzyme to trigger dual-cycling reactions (cycles I and II). In cycle I, the target is repeatedly used to amplify the fluorescence emission through hybridizations with the MB and cleavage reactions achieved by the enzyme. In cycle II, hybridization reactions between the HP and a segment of the MB continuously regenerate the target to trigger more cycle I reactions, leading to an enhanced fluorescent signal. The detection limit of the method is determined to be as low as 50 fM within 45 min, which is 2 to 3 orders of magnitude lower than that of the conventional fluorescence strategies. The method also shows a high selectivity over mismatched and random DNA sequences. The signal amplification mechanism of the strategy offers insights into constructing efficient and ultrasensitive biosensors for various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idorenyin A Iwe
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
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Nucleic acid lateral flow assays using a conjugate of a DNA binding protein and carbon nanoparticles. Mikrochim Acta 2019; 186:426. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-019-3544-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Tedla M. A focus on improving molecular diagnostic approaches to malaria control and elimination in low transmission settings: Review. Parasite Epidemiol Control 2019; 6:e00107. [PMID: 31193331 PMCID: PMC6525315 DOI: 10.1016/j.parepi.2019.e00107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The malaria elimination goal is back to the global agenda. Understanding its epidemiology in low transmission settings is crucial to design reliable strategies to detect a large reservoir of individuals infected with sub-microscopic (and often asymptomatic) infections characterized by low-parasite densities and gametocyte carriage. Traditional diagnostic methods such a light microscopy is widely used mainly in developing countries and as a result, the true picture of malaria epidemiology is misrepresented. In the last few decades, the advancement of molecular diagnostic tools significantly improved our understanding of the epidemiology of the diseases. However, the detection capacity of different molecular assays is determined by different factors such as the sensitivity of the assay and the transmission and infection dynamics of the disease particularly when there is low parasitic density in reservoir hosts. Hence, in this review, the epidemiology of malaria in low transmission settings and the priority in addressing the malaria control and elimination goals are highlighted.
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Mweu MM, Wambua J, Njuga F, Bejon P, Mwanga D. Bayesian evaluation of the performance of three diagnostic tests for Plasmodium falciparum infection in a low-transmission setting in Kilifi County, Kenya. Wellcome Open Res 2019; 4:67. [PMID: 31595228 PMCID: PMC6777009 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15204.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Central to the successful elimination of Plasmodium falciparum malaria, are tests with superior capability of diagnosing low-density parasitaemias. Empirical evidence on the performance of the commonly available diagnostics (light microscopy (LM), rapid diagnostic tests (RDT) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR)) is needed to better inform case management and surveillance activities within primary health care settings where elimination of falciparum malaria is targeted. The objective of this study was to estimate the sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) and predictive values of LM, RDT and PCR tests for P. falciparum infection, while evaluating the effect of specific covariates on the accuracy of the tests. Methods: The study enrolled 1,563 children via a cross-sectional survey for asymptomatic malaria and those presenting with symptomatic malaria to the Ngerenya dispensary, Kilifi County between March and December 2014. A Bayesian latent class model (BLCM) was fitted to the participants' diagnostic data obtained from blood samples that were screened for the presence of P. falciparum using the three tests. Results: The PCR assay registered a higher Se (97.6% [92.0; 99.7]) than LM (84.0% [74.8; 91.0]) but similar to RDT (92.2% [84.4; 97.0]). However, the assay showed a similar Sp (98.9% [98.2; 99.4]) to both RDT (99.4% [98.9; 99.7]) and LM (99.5% [99.0; 99.8]). Regarding predictive values, the tests yielded statistically similar estimates of Positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV). A serial interpretation of the results of RDT and LM raised the PPVs and NPVs to >98%. Conclusions: LM and RDT tests afford high Se and Sp in a low P. falciparum prevalence setting. A serial combination of the tests assures high PPV and NPV estimates. These elements, coupled with the wide deployment and affordability of the tests, lend the tests useful for guiding clinical care and surveillance activities for P. falciparum within elimination settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marshal M. Mweu
- School of Public Health, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Fixtan Njuga
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Philip Bejon
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Daniel Mwanga
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
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Jahan F, Khan NH, Wahid S, Ullah Z, Kausar A, Ali N. Malaria epidemiology and comparative reliability of diagnostic tools in Bannu; an endemic malaria focus in south of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Pathog Glob Health 2019; 113:75-85. [PMID: 30894081 DOI: 10.1080/20477724.2019.1595904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was aimed at elucidation of malaria epidemiology and comparing performance of several diagnostic procedures in Bannu, a highly endemic district of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Dried blood spots were collected from patients suspected of malaria visiting a hospital and two private laboratories in district Bannu and processed for species-specific PCR (rRNA). Patients were also screened for malaria through microscopy and RDT. A well-structured questionnaire was used to collect patient information to assess risk factors for malaria. Of 2033 individuals recruited, 21.1% (N = 429) were positive for malaria by at least one method. Overall, positivity detected by PCR was 30.5% (95/311) followed by 17.7% by microscopy (359/2033) and 16.4% by RDT (266/1618). Plasmodium vivax (16.9%, N = 343) was detected as the dominant species followed by Plasmodium falciparum (2.3%, N = 47) and mixed infections (1.2%, N = 39). Microscopy and RDT (Cohen's kappa k = 0.968, p = <0.0001, McNemar test p = 0.069) displayed significant agreement with each other. Satisfactory health, sleeping indoors, presence of health-care facility in vicinity (at an accessible range from home), living in upper middle class and in concrete houses significantly reduced malaria risk; whereas, low literacy level, presence of domestic animals indoors and malaria diagnosis recommended by clinician increased the disease risk. Overall, findings from the study provide reasonable basis for use of RDT as a cost-effective screening tool in field and for clinicians who can proceed with timely treatment of malaria patients. Appropriate management of identified risk factors could contribute to reduction of malaria prevalence in Bannu and its peripheries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Jahan
- a Department of Zoology , University of Peshawar , Peshawar , Pakistan
| | - Nazma Habib Khan
- a Department of Zoology , University of Peshawar , Peshawar , Pakistan
| | - Sobia Wahid
- a Department of Zoology , University of Peshawar , Peshawar , Pakistan
| | - Zaki Ullah
- b Department of Pharmacy , University of Peshawar , Peshawar , Pakistan
| | - Aisha Kausar
- a Department of Zoology , University of Peshawar , Peshawar , Pakistan
| | - Naheed Ali
- a Department of Zoology , University of Peshawar , Peshawar , Pakistan
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Henderson CJ, Pumford E, Seevaratnam DJ, Daly R, Hall EAH. Gene to diagnostic: Self immobilizing protein for silica microparticle biosensor, modelled with sarcosine oxidase. Biomaterials 2019; 193:58-70. [PMID: 30562636 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A rational design approach is proposed for a multifunctional enzyme reagent for point-of-care diagnostics. The biomaterial reduces downstream isolation steps and eliminates immobilization coupling chemicals for integration in a diagnostic platform. Fusion constructs combined the central functional assay protein (e.g. monomeric sarcosine oxidase, mSOx, horseradish peroxidase, HRP), a visualizing protein (e.g. mCherry) and an in-built immobilization peptide (e.g. R5). Monitoring protein expression in E.coli was facilitated by following the increase in mCherry fluorescence, which could be matched to a color card, indicating when good protein expression has occurred. The R5 peptide (SSKKSGSYSGSKGSKRRIL) provided inbuilt affinity for silica and an immobilization capability for a silica based diagnostic, without requiring additional chemical coupling reagents. Silica particles extracted from beach sand were used to collect protein from crude protein extract with 85-95% selective uptake. The silica immobilized R5 proteins were stable for more than 2 months at room temperature. The Km for the silica-R52-mCh-mSOx-R5-6H was 16.5 ± 0.9 mM (compared with 16.5 ± 0.4 mM, 16.3 ± 0.3 mM, and 16.1 ± 0.4 mM for R52-mCh-mSOx-R5-6H, mSOx-R5-6H and mSOx-6H respectively in solution). The use of the "silica-enzymes" in sarcosine and peroxide assays was shown, and a design using particle sedimentation through the sample was examined. Using shadowgraphy and particle image velocimetry the particle trajectory through the sample was mapped and an hourglass design with a narrow waist shown to give good control of particle position. The hourglass biosensor was demonstrated for sarcosine assay in the clinically useful range of 2.5-10 μM in both a dynamic and end point measurement regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassi J Henderson
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK; Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK
| | - Elizabeth Pumford
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
| | - Dushanth J Seevaratnam
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
| | - Ronan Daly
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK
| | - Elizabeth A H Hall
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK.
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Land KJ. The Many Roads to an Ideal Paper-based Device. PAPER-BASED DIAGNOSTICS 2018. [PMCID: PMC7119996 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-96870-4_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The recent Zika and Ebola virus outbreaks highlight the need for low-cost diagnostics that can be rapidly deployed and used outside of established clinical infrastructure. This demand for robust point-of-care (POC) diagnostics is further driven by the increasing burden of drug-resistant diseases, concern for food and water safety, and bioterrorism. As has been discussed in previous chapters, paper-based tests provide a simple and compelling solution to such needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J. Land
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria, South Africa
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Funck T, Nicoli F, Kuzyk A, Liedl T. Sensing Picomolar Concentrations of RNA Using Switchable Plasmonic Chirality. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201807029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Timon Funck
- Department für Physik; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität; Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1 80539 München Germany
| | - Francesca Nicoli
- Department für Physik; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität; Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1 80539 München Germany
| | - Anton Kuzyk
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering; Aalto University School of Science; P.O. Box 12200 00076 Aalto Finland
| | - Tim Liedl
- Department für Physik; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität; Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1 80539 München Germany
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Funck T, Nicoli F, Kuzyk A, Liedl T. Sensing Picomolar Concentrations of RNA Using Switchable Plasmonic Chirality. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:13495-13498. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201807029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Timon Funck
- Department für Physik; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität; Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1 80539 München Germany
| | - Francesca Nicoli
- Department für Physik; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität; Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1 80539 München Germany
| | - Anton Kuzyk
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering; Aalto University School of Science; P.O. Box 12200 00076 Aalto Finland
| | - Tim Liedl
- Department für Physik; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität; Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1 80539 München Germany
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Kahkeshani S, Kong JE, Wei Q, Tseng D, Garner OB, Ozcan A, Di Carlo D. Ferrodrop Dose-Optimized Digital Quantification of Biomolecules in Low-Volume Samples. Anal Chem 2018; 90:8881-8888. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b00958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Pham NM, Karlen W, Beck HP, Delamarche E. Malaria and the 'last' parasite: how can technology help? Malar J 2018; 17:260. [PMID: 29996831 PMCID: PMC6042346 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-018-2408-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Malaria, together with HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and hepatitis are the four most deadly infectious diseases globally. Progress in eliminating malaria has saved millions of lives, but also creates new challenges in detecting the 'last parasite'. Effective and accurate detection of malaria infections, both in symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals are needed. In this review, the current progress in developing new diagnostic tools to fight malaria is presented. An ideal rapid test for malaria elimination is envisioned with examples to demonstrate how innovative technologies can assist the global defeat against this disease. Diagnostic gaps where technology can bring an impact to the elimination campaign for malaria are identified. Finally, how a combination of microfluidic-based technologies and smartphone-based read-outs could potentially represent the next generation of rapid diagnostic tests is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc Minh Pham
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Lengghalde 5, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Walter Karlen
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Lengghalde 5, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hans-Peter Beck
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, 4051, Basel, Switzerland.
- University of Basel, Petersgraben 1, 4001, Basel, Switzerland.
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Horton S, Sullivan R, Flanigan J, Fleming KA, Kuti MA, Looi LM, Pai SA, Lawler M. Delivering modern, high-quality, affordable pathology and laboratory medicine to low-income and middle-income countries: a call to action. Lancet 2018; 391:1953-1964. [PMID: 29550030 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(18)30460-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Modern, affordable pathology and laboratory medicine (PALM) systems are essential to achieve the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals for health in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). In this last in a Series of three papers about PALM in LMICs, we discuss the policy environment and emphasise three crucial high-level actions that are needed to deliver universal health coverage. First, nations need national strategic laboratory plans; second, these plans require adequate financing for implementation; and last, pathologists themselves need to take on leadership roles to advocate for the centrality of PALM to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals for health. The national strategic laboratory plan should deliver a tiered, networked laboratory system as a central element. Appropriate financing should be provided, at a level of at least 4% of health expenditure. Financing of new technologies such as molecular diagnostics is challenging for LMICs, even though many of these tests are cost-effective. Point-of-care testing can substantially reduce test-reporting time, but this benefit must be balanced with higher costs. Our research analysis highlights a considerable deficiency in advocacy for PALM; pathologists have been invisible in national and international health discourse and leadership. Embedding PALM in LMICs can only be achieved if pathologists advocate for these services, and undertake leadership roles, both nationally and internationally. We articulate eight key recommendations to address the current barriers identified in this Series and issue a call to action for all stakeholders to come together in a global alliance to ensure the effective provision of PALM services in resource-limited settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Horton
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada.
| | | | - John Flanigan
- Center for Global Health, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kenneth A Fleming
- Center for Global Health, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Modupe A Kuti
- Department of Chemical Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, and University Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Lai Meng Looi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sanjay A Pai
- Columbia Asia Referral Hospital, Bangalore, India
| | - Mark Lawler
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences and Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queens University, Belfast, UK
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Mitsakakis K, Hin S, Müller P, Wipf N, Thomsen E, Coleman M, Zengerle R, Vontas J, Mavridis K. Converging Human and Malaria Vector Diagnostics with Data Management towards an Integrated Holistic One Health Approach. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:E259. [PMID: 29401670 PMCID: PMC5858328 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15020259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring malaria prevalence in humans, as well as vector populations, for the presence of Plasmodium, is an integral component of effective malaria control, and eventually, elimination. In the field of human diagnostics, a major challenge is the ability to define, precisely, the causative agent of fever, thereby differentiating among several candidate (also non-malaria) febrile diseases. This requires genetic-based pathogen identification and multiplexed analysis, which, in combination, are hardly provided by the current gold standard diagnostic tools. In the field of vectors, an essential component of control programs is the detection of Plasmodium species within its mosquito vectors, particularly in the salivary glands, where the infective sporozoites reside. In addition, the identification of species composition and insecticide resistance alleles within vector populations is a primary task in routine monitoring activities, aiming to support control efforts. In this context, the use of converging diagnostics is highly desirable for providing comprehensive information, including differential fever diagnosis in humans, and mosquito species composition, infection status, and resistance to insecticides of vectors. Nevertheless, the two fields of human diagnostics and vector control are rarely combined, both at the diagnostic and at the data management end, resulting in fragmented data and mis- or non-communication between various stakeholders. To this direction, molecular technologies, their integration in automated platforms, and the co-assessment of data from multiple diagnostic sources through information and communication technologies are possible pathways towards a unified human vector approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Mitsakakis
- Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany.
- Laboratory for MEMS Applications, IMTEK-Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Sebastian Hin
- Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Pie Müller
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, PO Box, 4002 Basel, Switzerland.
- University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, 4003 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Nadja Wipf
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, PO Box, 4002 Basel, Switzerland.
- University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, 4003 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Edward Thomsen
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK.
| | - Michael Coleman
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK.
| | - Roland Zengerle
- Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany.
- Laboratory for MEMS Applications, IMTEK-Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - John Vontas
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 70013 Heraklion, Greece.
- Pesticide Science Laboratory, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece.
| | - Konstantinos Mavridis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 70013 Heraklion, Greece.
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Pattaradilokrat S, Trakoolsoontorn C, Simpalipan P, Warrit N, Kaewthamasorn M, Harnyuttanakorn P. Size and sequence polymorphisms in the glutamate-rich protein gene of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum in Thailand. Parasit Vectors 2018; 11:49. [PMID: 29357909 PMCID: PMC5778735 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-2630-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The glutamate-rich protein (GLURP) of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum is a key surface antigen that serves as a component of a clinical vaccine. Moreover, the GLURP gene is also employed routinely as a genetic marker for malarial genotyping in epidemiological studies. While extensive size polymorphisms in GLURP are well recorded, the extent of the sequence diversity of this gene is rarely investigated. The present study aimed to explore the genetic diversity of GLURP in natural populations of P. falciparum. Results The polymorphic C-terminal repetitive R2 region of GLURP sequences from 65 P. falciparum isolates in Thailand were generated and combined with the data from 103 worldwide isolates to generate a GLURP database. The collection was comprised of 168 alleles, encoding 105 unique GLURP subtypes, characterized by 18 types of amino acid repeat units (AAU). Of these, 28 GLURP subtypes, formed by 10 AAU types, were detected in P. falciparum in Thailand. Among them, 19 GLURP subtypes and 2 AAU types are described for the first time in the Thai parasite population. The AAU sequences were highly conserved, which is likely due to negative selection. Standard Fst analysis revealed the shared distributions of GLURP types among the P. falciparum populations, providing evidence of gene flow among the different demographic populations. Conclusions Sequence diversity causing size variations in GLURP in Thai P. falciparum populations were detected, and caused by non-synonymous substitutions in repeat units and some insertion/deletion of aspartic acid or glutamic acid codons between repeat units. The P. falciparum population structure based on GLURP showed promising implications for the development of GLURP-based vaccines and for monitoring vaccine efficacy. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi: 10.1186/s13071-018-2630-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sittiporn Pattaradilokrat
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chualongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand. .,Veterinary Parasitology Research Group, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| | - Chawinya Trakoolsoontorn
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chualongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Phumin Simpalipan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chualongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Natapot Warrit
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chualongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Morakot Kaewthamasorn
- Veterinary Parasitology Research Group, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Pongchai Harnyuttanakorn
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chualongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
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48
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Banerjee R, Jaiswal A. Recent advances in nanoparticle-based lateral flow immunoassay as a point-of-care diagnostic tool for infectious agents and diseases. Analyst 2018; 143:1970-1996. [DOI: 10.1039/c8an00307f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in lateral flow immunoassay-based devices as a point-of-care analytical tool for the detection of infectious diseases are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruptanu Banerjee
- School of Basic Sciences
- Indian Institute of Technology Mandi
- Mandi-175005
- India
| | - Amit Jaiswal
- School of Basic Sciences
- Indian Institute of Technology Mandi
- Mandi-175005
- India
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49
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Kolluri N, Klapperich CM, Cabodi M. Towards lab-on-a-chip diagnostics for malaria elimination. LAB ON A CHIP 2017; 18:75-94. [PMID: 29125615 DOI: 10.1039/c7lc00758b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Malaria continues to be one of the most devastating diseases impacting global health. Although there have been significant reductions in global malaria incidence and mortality rates over the past 17 years, the disease remains endemic throughout the world, especially in low- and middle-income countries. The World Health Organization has put forth ambitious milestones moving toward a world free of malaria as part of the United Nations Millennium Goals. Mass screening and treatment of symptomatic and asymptomatic malaria infections in endemic regions is integral to these goals and requires diagnostics that are both sensitive and affordable. Lab-on-a-chip technologies provide a path toward sensitive, portable, and affordable diagnostic platforms. Here, we review and compare currently-available and emerging lab-on-a-chip diagnostic approaches in three categories: (1) protein-based tests, (2) nucleic acid tests, and (3) cell-based detection. For each category, we highlight the opportunities and challenges in diagnostics development for malaria elimination, and comment on their applicability to different phases of elimination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Kolluri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
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50
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Hase R. Diagnostic delay for imported malaria: A case of Plasmodium falciparum malaria misdiagnosed as common cold. J Gen Fam Med 2017; 19:27-29. [PMID: 29340263 PMCID: PMC5763020 DOI: 10.1002/jgf2.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A 37‐year‐old Japanese man experienced fever and headache 8 days after returning to Japan following a 6‐month stay in Nigeria. He visited two clinics but was sent home from each with a diagnosis of common cold. He was eventually brought to the emergency department with an altered mental status. Severe P. falciparum malaria was confirmed; his initial parasitemia index was 5.4%. He recovered fully with antimalarial treatment. This case suggests that primary care physicians should obtain recent travel history and consider malaria for any febrile patient who has returned from a malaria‐endemic area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Hase
- Department of Infectious Diseases Japanese Red Cross Narita Hospital Chiba Japan
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