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He Q, Mao C, Chen Z, Duan F, Huang L, Hu R, Deng Y, Cheng J, Yang S, Zeng Y. Dynamic Changes of Growth and Thyroid Function in Young Children With Chronic Hepatitis B Treated With Peginterferon Monotherapy. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2024:00006454-990000000-01033. [PMID: 39348504 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0000000000004567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peginterferon (PegIFN) has shown promising results in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B (CHB). This study aimed to evaluate the effects of PegIFN α-2b on growth and thyroid function in young children with CHB. METHODS A retrospective study was performed by extracting clinical data from children with CHB who received PegIFN α-2b monotherapy at the Public Health Clinical Center of Chengdu between June 2017 and December 2020. Mean, SD, independent samples t test and 1-way repeated analysis of variance were used to evaluate relevant data. RESULTS A total of 62 children were included in this study. Overall, significant differences were observed in the weight-for-age z score (WAZ), height-for-age z score (HAZ) and body mass index-for-age z score (BAZ) at different time points ( P < 0.001). WAZ, HAZ and BAZ were not affected by PegIFN α-2b at 24 weeks of treatment (all P > 0.05). WAZ, HAZ and BAZ at the end of treatment and 48 weeks after treatment; WAZ at 96 weeks after treatment were lower than baseline levels (all P < 0.05). No statistical differences were found in HAZ and BAZ at 96 weeks after treatment compared with baseline. Thyroid dysfunction developed in 17.7% of children during the treatment. Thyroid dysfunction was transient and had no effect on growth. CONCLUSIONS PegIFN α-2b has inhibitory effects on growth and can increase the incidence of thyroid dysfunction in young children with CHB. These effects are generally reversible with the cessation of therapy, although WAZ had not returned to baseline after 96 weeks of observation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiufeng He
- From the Department of Hepatology, Public Health Clinical Center of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chuangjie Mao
- From the Department of Hepatology, Public Health Clinical Center of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhili Chen
- From the Department of Hepatology, Public Health Clinical Center of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Fangfang Duan
- Department of Hepatology, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Huang
- From the Department of Hepatology, Public Health Clinical Center of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Rong Hu
- From the Department of Hepatology, Public Health Clinical Center of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yang Deng
- From the Department of Hepatology, Public Health Clinical Center of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jun Cheng
- Department of Hepatology, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Song Yang
- Department of Hepatology, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yilan Zeng
- From the Department of Hepatology, Public Health Clinical Center of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Oke OE, Akosile OA, Oni AI, Opowoye IO, Ishola CA, Adebiyi JO, Odeyemi AJ, Adjei-Mensah B, Uyanga VA, Abioja MO. Oxidative stress in poultry production. Poult Sci 2024; 103:104003. [PMID: 39084145 PMCID: PMC11341942 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.104003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) is a major concern that impacts the overall health of chickens in modern production systems. It is characterized by an imbalance between antioxidant defence mechanisms and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This literature review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of oxidative stress in poultry production, with an emphasis on its effects on growth performance, immune responses, and reproductive outcomes. This review highlights the intricate mechanisms underlying OS and discusses how various factors, including dietary components, genetic predispositions, and environmental stressors can exacerbate the production of ROS. Additionally, the impact of oxidative stress on the production performance and physiological systems of poultry is examined. The study also emphasizes the relationship between oxidative stress and poultry diseases, highlighting how impaired antioxidant defenses increase bird's susceptibility to infections. The review assesses the existing approaches to reducing oxidative stress in chickens in response to these challenges. This includes managing techniques to lower stress in the production environment, antioxidant supplements, and nutritional interventions. The effectiveness of naturally occurring antioxidants, including plant extracts, minerals, and vitamins to improve poultry resistance to oxidative damage is also examined. To improve the antioxidant defenses of poultry under stress conditions, the activation of cellular homeostatic networks termed vitagenes, such as Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 (Nrf2) is necessary for the synthesis of protective factors that can counteract the increased production of ROS and RNS. Future studies into novel strategies for managing oxidative stress in chicken production would build on these research advances and the knowledge gaps identified in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- O E Oke
- Department of Animal Physiology, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Centre of Excellence in Avian Sciences, Université of Lomé, Lomé, Togo.
| | - O A Akosile
- Department of Animal Physiology, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - A I Oni
- Department of Animal Physiology, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - I O Opowoye
- Animal Production and Health, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - C A Ishola
- Animal Production and Health, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - J O Adebiyi
- Animal Production and Health, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - A J Odeyemi
- Department of Animal Physiology, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - B Adjei-Mensah
- Centre of Excellence in Avian Sciences, Université of Lomé, Lomé, Togo
| | - V A Uyanga
- Department of Animal Physiology, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - M O Abioja
- Department of Animal Physiology, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
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3
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Majewska KA, Tchorzewska-Skrobich M, Wais P, Majewski D, Naskręcka M, Kędzia A. Deficient or Normal Growth Hormone Secretion in Polish Children with Short Stature: Searching for Clinical Differences. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1673. [PMID: 39200139 PMCID: PMC11351400 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12081673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 07/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Short stature affects approximately 2.5% of children. Some of them, when diagnosed with growth hormone deficiency (GHD), benefit from recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) therapy; in others, this treatment is controversial. We aimed to present the clinical characteristics of Polish short stature children in the context of current GHD diagnostic standards, as obtaining more data gives a broader foundation for the potential modifications of diagnostic and therapeutic recommendations. This retrospective analysis was based on a cohort of 277 short stature children divided into two subgroups depending on their peak growth hormone (GH) cutoff level, set at 10 ng/mL: 138 had growth hormone deficiency (GHD) and 137 had normal growth hormone secretion (GHN). These subgroups were then compared based on the extracted clinical data. In the obtained result, no significant differences between the GHD and GHN subgroups were found in any of the variables, including the following: gender distribution, birth weight, bone age delay, height SDS, IGF-1 SDS, vitamin D levels, celiac disease indices, prevalence of hypothyroidism or anemia. As our results point to major clinical similarities between the GHD and GHN children, it seems that distinguishing patients with normal GH secretion from those with deficient GH secretion based on a 10 ng/mL cutoff value might not be clinically relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Anna Majewska
- Department of Pediatric Diabetes, Auxology and Obesity, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-572 Poznan, Poland (A.K.)
| | - Magdalena Tchorzewska-Skrobich
- Department of Pediatric Diabetes, Auxology and Obesity, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-572 Poznan, Poland (A.K.)
| | - Paulina Wais
- Department of Pediatric Diabetes, Auxology and Obesity, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-572 Poznan, Poland (A.K.)
| | - Dominik Majewski
- Department of Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-780 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Monika Naskręcka
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Poznan University of Economics and Business, 61-875 Poznan, Poland
| | - Andrzej Kędzia
- Department of Pediatric Diabetes, Auxology and Obesity, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-572 Poznan, Poland (A.K.)
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Fiz F, Piticchio T, Bottoni G, Sorrentino S, Fragola M, Livellara V, Trimboli P, Piccardo A. Incidence of subclinical and overt hypothyroidism in children treated with [131I]mIBG: a systematic review and meta-analysis. THE QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND MOLECULAR IMAGING : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE ITALIAN ASSOCIATION OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE (AIMN) [AND] THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF RADIOPHARMACOLOGY (IAR), [AND] SECTION OF THE SOCIETY OF... 2024; 68:40-47. [PMID: 38319674 DOI: 10.23736/s1824-4785.24.03552-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Treatment with [131I]mIBG is commonly used in pediatric metastatic neuroblastoma (NB); however, unbound [131I]I might be taken up by the thyroid, causing hypothyroidism. To prevent this occurrence, thyroid blockade with iodine salts is commonly used; despite this precaution, thyroid dysfunction still occurs. This review and meta-analysis aim to clarify the mean frequency of hypothyroidism in children with NB treated with [131I]mIBG and to investigate the possible causes. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION The literature was searched for English-language scientific manuscripts describing the incidence of TSH elevation and overt hypothyroidism in children with NB treated with [131I]mIBG. Preclinical studies, small-case series, and reviews were excluded. A proportion meta-analysis was conducted to test the influence of potentially relevant factors (type and duration of thyroid blockade, year of the study, sample size) on the incidence of TSH elevation/overt hypothyroidism. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Eleven studies were included. The pooled percentage of TSH elevation was 0.41 (95% CI: 0.27-0.55); the duration of the thyroid blockade (P=0.004) was inversely correlated with the incidence of TSH elevation. Moreover, a TSH increase was more common in patients treated with potassium iodide (KI) alone than in those managed with a multi-drug thyroid blockade (P<0.001). The pooled percentage of children requiring hormone replacement therapy was 0.33 (95% CI: 0.16-0.49). As in the case of TSH elevation, a longer duration of the thyroid blockade (P=0.006) and a multi-pronged approach (P<0.001) were associated with a lower incidence of overt hypothyroidism. CONCLUSIONS Hypothyroidism appears to occur frequently in children treated with [131I]mIBG, which should be monitored closely after the radionuclide treatment to start hormone replacement therapy as soon as needed. The duration, as well as the type of thyroid blockade, seem to influence the incidence of hypothyroidism; however, more data from prospective evaluations are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Fiz
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, E.O. Ospedali Galliera, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Clinical Molecular Imaging, Tübingen University Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tommaso Piticchio
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Garibaldi Nesima Hospital, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Gianluca Bottoni
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, E.O. Ospedali Galliera, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Martina Fragola
- Biostatistics Unit, Scientific Directorate, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Pierpaolo Trimboli
- Clinic of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, University of Italian Switzerland (USI), Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Arnoldo Piccardo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, E.O. Ospedali Galliera, Genoa, Italy -
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5
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Mulder TA, Campbell PJ, Taylor PN, Peeters RP, Wilson SG, Medici M, Dayan C, Jaddoe VVW, Walsh JP, Martin NG, Tiemeier H, Korevaar TIM. Genetic determinants of thyroid function in children. Eur J Endocrinol 2023; 189:164-174. [PMID: 37530217 PMCID: PMC10402705 DOI: 10.1093/ejendo/lvad086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Genome-wide association studies in adults have identified 42 loci associated with thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and 21 loci associated with free thyroxine (FT4) concentrations. While biologically plausible, age-dependent effects have not been assessed. We aimed to study the association of previously identified genetic determinants of TSH and FT4 with TSH and FT4 concentrations in newborns and (pre)school children. METHODS We selected participants from three population-based prospective cohorts with data on genetic variants and thyroid function: Generation R (N = 2169 children, mean age 6 years; N = 2388 neonates, the Netherlands), the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC; N = 3382, age 7.5 years, United Kingdom), and the Brisbane Longitudinal Twin Study (BLTS; N = 1680, age 12.1 years, Australia). The association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with TSH and FT4 concentrations was studied with multivariable linear regression models. Weighted polygenic risk scores (PRSs) were defined to combine SNP effects. RESULTS In childhood, 30/60 SNPs were associated with TSH and 11/31 SNPs with FT4 after multiple testing correction. The effect sizes for AADAT, GLIS3, TM4SF4, and VEGFA were notably larger than in adults. The TSH PRS explained 5.3%-8.4% of the variability in TSH concentrations; the FT4 PRS explained 1.5%-4.2% of the variability in FT4 concentrations. Five TSH SNPs and no FT4 SNPs were associated with thyroid function in neonates. CONCLUSIONS The effects of many known thyroid function SNPs are already apparent in childhood and some might be notably larger in children as compared to adults. These findings provide new knowledge about genetic regulation of thyroid function in early life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa A Mulder
- Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, CA 3000, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, CA 3000, The Netherlands
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, CA 3000, The Netherlands
| | - Purdey J Campbell
- Department of Endocrinology & Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Peter N Taylor
- Thyroid Research Group, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, CF14 4YS, United Kingdom
| | - Robin P Peeters
- Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, CA 3000, The Netherlands
| | - Scott G Wilson
- Department of Endocrinology & Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
| | - Marco Medici
- Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, CA 3000, The Netherlands
| | - Colin Dayan
- Center for Endocrine and Diabetes Science, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, CF14 4YS, United Kingdom
| | - Vincent V W Jaddoe
- Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, CA 3000, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3000 CA, The Netherlands
| | - John P Walsh
- Department of Endocrinology & Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Nicholas G Martin
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Henning Tiemeier
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, CA 3000, The Netherlands
- Department of Social and Behavioral Science, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Tim I M Korevaar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, CA 3000, The Netherlands
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6
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Xiang ST, Cao Y, Dong J, Li C, Qiu J, Li X. The association between urinary phthalate metabolites and serum thyroid function in US adolescents. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11601. [PMID: 37463966 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38644-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim was to investigate the association between mixed exposure to phthalates and serum thyroid function among US adolescents. The study used 2007-2008 survey data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Data on urinary phthalates metabolites and serum thyroid function indicators were collected. The weighted multivariable linear regression models and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) analyses were used to analyze the relationship between phthalates metabolites and thyroid function. A total of 356 adolescents aged 12-19 years were included in the analysis. Linear regression models showed that mono-(carboxyisoctyl) phthalate (MCOP) was positively correlated with total triiodothyronine (TT3) (β = 0.045, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.022, 0.068) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) (β = 0.1461, 95% CI 0.059, 0.232), while mono-(carboxyisononyl) phthalate (MCNP) was negatively correlated with TSH (β = - 0.119, 95% CI - 0.196, - 0.042). BKMR analyses showed phthalate metabolites mixtures have significantly positive overall effect on TT3. Exposure to phthalate mixtures might be positively correlated with increased TT3 serum level in US adolescents. The study provided evidence for the association between mixed phthalates exposure and thyroid health in adolescent population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Ting Xiang
- Hunan Children's Research Institute (HCRI), Hunan Children's Hospital, Ziyuan RD 86, Changsha, 410007, China
| | - Yuhan Cao
- Hunan Children's Research Institute (HCRI), Hunan Children's Hospital, Ziyuan RD 86, Changsha, 410007, China
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Xiangya RD 110, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Jie Dong
- Hunan Children's Research Institute (HCRI), Hunan Children's Hospital, Ziyuan RD 86, Changsha, 410007, China
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Xiangya RD 110, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Jun Qiu
- Hunan Children's Research Institute (HCRI), Hunan Children's Hospital, Ziyuan RD 86, Changsha, 410007, China
| | - Xun Li
- Hunan Children's Research Institute (HCRI), Hunan Children's Hospital, Ziyuan RD 86, Changsha, 410007, China.
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D'Aurizio F, Kratzsch J, Gruson D, Petranović Ovčariček P, Giovanella L. Free thyroxine measurement in clinical practice: how to optimize indications, analytical procedures, and interpretation criteria while waiting for global standardization. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2023; 60:101-140. [PMID: 36227760 DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2022.2121960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid dysfunctions are among the most common endocrine disorders and accurate biochemical testing is needed to confirm or rule out a diagnosis. Notably, true hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism in the setting of a normal thyroid-stimulating hormone level are highly unlikely, making the assessment of free thyroxine (FT4) inappropriate in most new cases. However, FT4 measurement is integral in both the diagnosis and management of relevant central dysfunctions (central hypothyroidism and central hyperthyroidism) as well as for monitoring therapy in hyperthyroid patients treated with anti-thyroid drugs or radioiodine. In such settings, accurate FT4 quantification is required. Global standardization will improve the comparability of the results across laboratories and allow the development of common clinical decision limits in evidence-based guidelines. The International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine Committee for Standardization of Thyroid Function Tests has undertaken FT4 immunoassay method comparison and recalibration studies and developed a reference measurement procedure that is currently being validated. However, technical and implementation challenges, including the establishment of different clinical decision limits for distinct patient groups, still remain. Accordingly, different assays and reference values cannot be interchanged. Two-way communication between the laboratory and clinical specialists is pivotal to properly select a reliable FT4 assay, establish reference intervals, investigate discordant results, and monitor the analytical and clinical performance of the method over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica D'Aurizio
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Jürgen Kratzsch
- Institute for Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Damien Gruson
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Cliniques Universitaires St-Luc and Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Petra Petranović Ovčariček
- Department of Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Center Sestre milosrdnice, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Luca Giovanella
- Clinic for Nuclear Medicine and Competence Center for Thyroid Diseases, Imaging Institute of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona, Switzerland.,Clinic for Nuclear Medicine and Thyroid Center, University and University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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8
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Hsu YW, Wong HSC, Huang WC, Yeh YH, Hsiao CD, Chang WC, Hsieh SL. Human rs75776403 polymorphism links differential phenotypic and clinical outcomes to a CLEC18A p.T151M-driven multiomics. J Biomed Sci 2022; 29:43. [PMID: 35717171 PMCID: PMC9206359 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-022-00822-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human traits, diseases susceptibility, and clinical outcomes vary hugely among individuals. Despite a fundamental understanding of genetic (or environmental) contributions, the detailed mechanisms of how genetic variation impacts molecular or cellular behaviours of a gene, and subsequently leads to such variability remain poorly understood. METHODS Here, in addition to phenome-wide correlations, we leveraged multiomics to exploit mechanistic links, from genetic polymorphism to protein structural or functional changes and a cross-omics perturbation landscape of a germline variant. RESULTS We identified a missense cis-acting expression quantitative trait locus in CLEC18A (rs75776403) in which the altered residue (T151→M151) disrupts the lipid-binding ability of the protein domain. The altered allele carriage led to a metabolic and proliferative shift, as well as immune deactivation, therefore determines human anthropometrics (body height), kidney, and hematological traits. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, we uncovered genetic pleiotropy in human complex traits and diseases via CLEC18A rs75776403-regulated pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wen Hsu
- The Ph.D. Program for Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Henry Sung-Ching Wong
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Chen Huang
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Medical Device and Imaging, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hung Yeh
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Wei-Chiao Chang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Department of Pharmacy, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Integrative Research Center in Critical Care, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Shie-Liang Hsieh
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Department of Medical Research and Education, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Graduate of Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Insight into the Candidate Genes and Enriched Pathways Associated with Height, Length, Length to Height Ratio and Body-Weight of Korean Indigenous Breed, Jindo Dog Using Gene Set Enrichment-Based GWAS Analysis. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11113136. [PMID: 34827868 PMCID: PMC8614278 DOI: 10.3390/ani11113136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
As a companion and hunting dog, height, length, length to height ratio (LHR) and body-weight are the vital economic traits for Jindo dog. Human selection and targeted breeding have produced an extraordinary diversity in these traits. Therefore, the identification of causative markers, genes and pathways that help us to understand the genetic basis of this variability is essential for their selection purposes. Here, we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) combined with enrichment analysis on 757 dogs using 118,879 SNPs. The genomic heritability (h2) was 0.33 for height and 0.28 for weight trait in Jindo. At p-value < 5 × 10-5, ten, six, thirteen and eleven SNPs on different chromosomes were significantly associated with height, length, LHR and body-weight traits, respectively. Based on our results, HHIP, LCORL and NCAPG for height, IGFI and FGFR3 for length, DLK1 and EFEMP1 for LHR and PTPN2, IGFI and RASAL2 for weight can be the potential candidate genes because of the significant SNPs located in their intronic or upstream regions. The gene-set enrichment analysis highlighted here nine and seven overlapping significant (p < 0.05) gene ontology (GO) terms and pathways among traits. Interestingly, the highlighted pathways were related to hormone synthesis, secretion and signalling were generally involved in the metabolism, growth and development process. Our data provide an insight into the significant genes and pathways if verified further, which will have a significant effect on the breeding of the Jindo dog's population.
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10
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Ozcan HM, Aydin UD. A simple immunosensor for thyroid stimulating hormone. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 49:61-70. [PMID: 33410369 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2020.1867153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Determination of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) level in serum or plasma is defined as a sensitive method for the diagnosis of hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism and also in many diseases thought to be related to TSH levels. In this study, a novel simple impedimetric immunosensor based on polyamidoamine dendrimer was developed. Anti TSH antibody was immobilized on the gold electrode by using cysteamine self-assembled monolayer strategy. In constructing the immunosensor, a polyamidoamine dendrimer was used to increase the surface area in which Antı-TSH was immobilized and glutaraldehyde was used as a cross-linker. After each immobilization step, the electrode surface was monitored by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy techniques and optimization studies were performed. The reproducibility, repeatability, linearity and sensitivity of the immunosensor were examined. Also, the interference experiments for glucose, salts and proteins in serum were performed. The limit of detection and limit of quantification values of the proposed immunosensor were 0.026 mIUL-1 and 0.086 mIUL-1, respectively and it was able to detect the amount of TSH within a linear range of 0.1-0.6 mIUL-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakki Mevlut Ozcan
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Umut Deniz Aydin
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
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Bella D, Carpenter DO. Interactions among thyroid hormones and serum lipid levels in association with PCB exposure in the Mohawk Akwesasne population. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 200:111334. [PMID: 34033831 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Alterations in thyroid function and serum lipid levels were assessed in relation to exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and three chlorinated pesticides (DDE, hexachorobenzene and mirex) in a sample of Akwesasne Mohawk adults. This population is highly exposed to PCBs because of living in close proximity to three aluminum foundries that used PCBs as hydraulic fluids, which then contaminated local fish, wildlife, water, air and soils. The goal was to assess interactions between thyroid function (TSH, T3, T4 and fT4) and serum lipids (cholesterol, triglycerides and total serum lipids) in relation to concentrations of 101 PCB congeners and three chlorinated pesticides. Previous studies in this population have shown that elevated concentrations of PCBs resulted in suppression of thyroid function in adolescents, and increased risk of clinical hypothyroidism in adults, as well as an elevation in serum lipids. However in adjusted analyses of PCB concentrations of 703 adults we find only small and inconsistent associations between serum PCB levels and thyroid function. The most striking observations were strong significant positive associations between TSH and T3 with serum lipids and a negative association with fT4 in women. Because elevated serum lipids increase risks of other diseases the respective roles of thyroid hormones and PCBs in regulation of serum lipids requires additional study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delisha Bella
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany, Rensselaer, NY, 12144, USA
| | - David O Carpenter
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany, Rensselaer, NY, 12144, USA; Institute for Health and the Environment, University at Albany, Rensselaer, NY, 12144, USA.
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12
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Shi M, Manouchehri AM, Shaffer CM, Vaitinadin NS, Hellwege JN, Salem JE, Davis LK, Simmons JH, Roden DM, Shoemaker MB, Ferguson JF, Mosley JD. Genetic Thyrotropin Regulation of Atrial Fibrillation Risk Is Mediated Through an Effect on Height. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:2124-2132. [PMID: 33895829 PMCID: PMC8208678 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT A genetic predisposition to lower thyrotropin (TSH) levels is associated with increased atrial fibrillation (AF) risk through undefined mechanisms. OBJECTIVE Defining the genetic mediating mechanisms could lead to improved targeted therapies to mitigate AF risk. METHODS We used 2-sample mendelian randomization (MR) to test associations between TSH-associated single-nucleotide variations and 16 candidate mediators. We then performed multivariable mendelian randomization (MVMR) to test for a significant attenuation of the genetic association between TSH and AF, after adjusting for each mediator significantly associated with TSH. RESULTS Four candidate mediators (free thyroxine, systolic blood pressure, heart rate, and height) were significantly inversely associated with genetically predicted TSH after adjusting for multiple testing. In MVMR analyses, adjusting for height significantly decreased the magnitude of the association between TSH and AF from -0.12 (SE 0.02) occurrences of AF per SD change in height to -0.06 (0.02) (P = .005). Adjusting for the other candidate mediators did not significantly attenuate the association. CONCLUSION The genetic association between TSH and increased AF risk is mediated, in part, by taller stature. Thus, some genetic mechanisms underlying TSH variability may contribute to AF risk through mechanisms determining height occurring early in life that differ from those driven by thyroid hormone-level elevations in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjian Shi
- Department of Biomedical Informatics & Center for Precision Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
| | - Ali M Manouchehri
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
| | - Christian M Shaffer
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
| | | | - Jacklyn N Hellwege
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
| | - Joe-Elie Salem
- Département de Pharmacologie, APHP, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UNICO-GRECO Cardio-oncology Program, F75013 Paris, France
| | - Lea K Davis
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
| | - Jill H Simmons
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
| | - Dan M Roden
- Department of Biomedical Informatics & Center for Precision Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37212, USA
| | - M Benjamin Shoemaker
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
| | - Jane F Ferguson
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
| | - Jonathan D Mosley
- Department of Biomedical Informatics & Center for Precision Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
- Correspondence: Jonathan D. Mosley, MD, PhD, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1285 Medical Research Building IV, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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13
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Shimizu Y, Maeda T. Influence of height on endothelial maintenance activity: a narrative review. Environ Health Prev Med 2021; 26:19. [PMID: 33549053 PMCID: PMC7866474 DOI: 10.1186/s12199-021-00941-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have revealed an inverse association between height and cardiovascular disease. However, the background mechanism of this association has not yet been clarified. Height has also been reported to be positively associated with cancer. Therefore, well-known cardiovascular risk factors, such as increased oxidative stress and chronic inflammation, are not the best explanations for this inverse association because these risk factors are also related to cancer. However, impaired blood flow is the main pathological problem in cardiovascular disease, while glowing feeding vessels (angiogenesis) are the main characteristic of cancer pathologies. Therefore, endothelial maintenance activity, especially for the productivity of hematopoietic stem cells such as CD34-positive cells, could be associated with the height of an individual because this cell contributes not only to the progression of atherosclerosis but also to the development of angiogenesis. In addition, recent studies have also revealed a close connection between bone marrow activity and endothelial maintenance; bone marrow-derived hematopoietic stem cells contribute towards endothelial maintenance. Since the absolute volume of bone marrow is positively associated with height, height could influence endothelial maintenance activity. Based on these hypotheses, we performed several studies. The aim of this review is not only to discuss the association between height and bone marrow activity, but also to describe the potential mechanism underlying endothelial maintenance. In addition, this review also aims to explain some of the reasons that implicate hypertension as a major risk factor for stroke among the Japanese population. The review also aims to clarify the anthropological reasons behind the high risk of atherosclerosis progression in Japanese individuals with acquired genetic characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Shimizu
- Department of Community Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki-shi, Sakamoto 1-12-4, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan. .,Department of Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Osaka Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases Prevention, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Takahiro Maeda
- Department of General Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
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14
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Kumar D, Raina SK, Chauhan R, Kumar P, Sharma S, Goel C. Assessing Adequacy of Iodine Intake among Children from 6 Months to 15 Years of Age from Hilly Terrains of North India. Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2021; 25:43-47. [PMID: 34386393 PMCID: PMC8323626 DOI: 10.4103/ijem.ijem_38_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Routine outcome-based monitoring is required to assess the status of consumption of iodized salt as USI strategy. OBJECTIVE To assess the extent of recent iodine intake among children from 6 to 15 years of age in the hilly terrain of northern states of India. METHODS A school-based cross-sectional observational study among 227 children attending school was done for assessment of socio-demographic, dietary, salt consumption and urinary iodine concentration (UIC). RESULTS Mean age of children was about 6 years and 87.7% were consuming salt of >30 and none with <15 ppm iodine content. Median UIC was 138.0 μg/L. Among those assessed, 37.9% had adequate level of UIC, whereas about 20% and 40% participants had less (<99.0 μg/L) and more than adequate to excessive (≥200 μg/L) levels of UIC. Insignificant difference (p = 0.07) was observed for mean log UIC between cabbage eaters (2.3) and non-eaters (1.9) consuming salt >5 grams/day. CONCLUSION Recent iodine intake among children observed to be inadequate and effect of cruciferous food items on UIC needs to be studied despite high coverage of iodized salt among children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Kumar
- Community Medicine, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Government Medical College, Kangra at Tanda, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Sunil K. Raina
- Community Medicine, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Government Medical College, Kangra at Tanda, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Raman Chauhan
- Community Medicine, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Government Medical College, Kangra at Tanda, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Parveen Kumar
- Community Medicine, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Government Medical College, Kangra at Tanda, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Sushant Sharma
- Community Medicine, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Government Medical College, Kangra at Tanda, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Chirag Goel
- Department of Health Research, Model Rural Health Research Unit, Una, Himachal Pradesh, India
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15
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Lee JH, Jo EH, Jung JY, Kim YE, Son MJ, Kang SJ, Yang GJ, Shim YH, Park MC. Efficacy and Safety of Socheongryong-Tang Among Atopic Dermatitis Patients With Respiratory Disorders: A Double-Blinded, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:597885. [PMID: 33324225 PMCID: PMC7726431 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.597885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that affects the growth and development of children. The prevalence of atopic dermatitis has been continually increasing, and this has also been accompanied by rising socioeconomic costs. Interest has been growing in alternative medicine as a means of alleviating the burden of atopic dermatitis. This was a single-center, double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled investigator-led clinical trial including 60 atopic dermatitis patients. The participants were classified into an experimental group (30 persons) and a control group (30 persons), who were administered, respectively, socheongryong-tang or a placebo for 4 weeks. After 4 weeks of treatment, the participants visited the trial center again and assess their efficacy and safety. The researchers performed statistical comparisons of the changes in the SCORAD Index, amount and frequency of ointment use, and height and weight to assess the efficacy. To assess the safety, diagnostic tests and vital sign checks were performed at each visit, and the presence or absence of adverse events was observed. As a result, the frequency and the amount of steroid ointment application in both groups increased, but the experimental group showed less tendency (p = 0.081). Results of analyzing the children in the experimental group in relation to growth showed a significantly greater height growth than the control group (p < 0.05). In addition, all study participants did not show any remarkable abnormal signs in the safety evaluation. In conclusion, compared to the control group, the experimental group, who took socheongryong-tang showed a tendency to be less dependent on steroid ointment and statistically significant increase in height.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Hyun Lee
- Department of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology, Wonkwang University Korean Medicine Hospital, Iksan, South Korea
| | - Eun Heui Jo
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Wonkwang University Korean Medicine Hospital and Research Center of Traditional Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Deokjingu, South Korea
| | - Jee Youn Jung
- Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Young-Eun Kim
- Future Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Mi-Ju Son
- Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Su Jin Kang
- Department of Korean Medicine Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wonkwang University Korean Medicine Hospital, Iksan, South Korea
| | - Geum Jin Yang
- Korean Medicine Dermatology Clinical Research Center of Wonkwang University, Iksan, South Korea
| | - Yu Hwa Shim
- Korean Medicine Dermatology Clinical Research Center of Wonkwang University, Iksan, South Korea
| | - Min Cheol Park
- Department of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology, Wonkwang University Korean Medicine Hospital and Research Center of Traditional Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, South Korea
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Keestra S, Högqvist Tabor V, Alvergne A. Reinterpreting patterns of variation in human thyroid function: An evolutionary ecology perspective. Evol Med Public Health 2020; 9:93-112. [PMID: 34557302 PMCID: PMC8454515 DOI: 10.1093/emph/eoaa043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Two hundred million people worldwide experience some form of thyroid disorder, with women being especially at risk. However, why human thyroid function varies between populations, individuals, and across the lifespan has attracted little research to date. This limits our ability to evaluate the conditions under which patterns of variation in thyroid function are best understood as 'normal' or 'pathological'. In this review, we aim to spark interest in research aimed at understanding the causes of variation in thyroid phenotypes. We start by assessing the biomedical literature on thyroid imbalance to discuss the validity of existing reference intervals for diagnosis and treatment across individuals and populations. We then propose an evolutionary ecological framework for understanding the phylogenetic, genetic, ecological, developmental, and physiological causes of normal variation in thyroid function. We build on this approach to suggest testable predictions for how environmental challenges interact with individual circumstances to influence the onset of thyroid disorders. We propose that dietary changes, ecological disruptions of co-evolutionary processes during pregnancy and with pathogens, emerging infections, and exacerbated stress responses can contribute to explaining the onset of thyroid diseases. For patients to receive the best personalized care, research into the causes of thyroid variation at multiple levels is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarai Keestra
- School of Anthropology & Museum Ethnography,
University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Amsterdam UMC, University of
Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The
Netherlands
| | | | - Alexandra Alvergne
- School of Anthropology & Museum Ethnography,
University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- ISEM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD,
EPHE, Montpellier, France
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17
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Bano F, Mohanty B. Thyroid disrupting pesticides mancozeb and fipronil in mixture caused oxidative damage and genotoxicity in lymphoid organs of mice. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2020; 79:103408. [PMID: 32413496 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2020.103408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The interference in endocrine signaling in particular of hypothyroid-pituitary-thyroid axis during embryonic/neonatal development increases the risk of long-lasting immune dysfunctioning. Anticipating that, environmentally realistic exposure of established thyroid disrupting pesticides of dithiocarbamate group mancozeb and phenylpyrazole fipronil was given to mice as individual and as mixtures (MIX-I/MIX-II) during the critical initiation phase of the immune response from postnatal day (PND) 31 till PND 60 (maturation phase). The direct exposure effect was assessed at PND 61 and the persistent effect was assessed at PND 91. Pronounced oxidative stress/genotoxicity in lymphoid organs at even low dose mixture exposure of pesticides (MIX-I/ MIX-II) continued to suppress the immune system till adulthood; might be due to the synergistic/additive action. The oxidative stress/genotoxicity effect was prevented on T4 supplementation to inhibit immunotoxicity as T4 is an immune enhancer and antioxidants. Oxidative stress/genotoxicity is suggested as a mechanism of thyroid disruption mediated immune suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Bano
- Department of Zoology, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211001, U. P., India.
| | - Banalata Mohanty
- Department of Zoology, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211001, U. P., India.
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18
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Singh S, Somvanshi RK, Panda V, Kumar U. Comparative distribution of somatostatin and somatostatin receptors in PTU-induced hypothyroidism. Endocrine 2020; 70:92-106. [PMID: 32335798 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-020-02309-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Propylthiouracil (PTU)-induced hypothyroidism is a well-established model for assessing hormonal and morphological changes in thyroid as well as other central and peripheral tissues. Somatostatin (SST) is known to regulate hormonal secretion and synthesis in endocrine tissues; however, nothing is currently known about the distribution of SST and its receptor in hypothyroidism. METHOD In the present study, the comparative immunohistochemical distribution of SST and somatostatin receptors (SSTRs) were analyzed in PTU-induced hypothyroid rats. Rats were treated with PTU for 15 days followed by a co-administration of levothyroxine (LVT) for 15 days. After PTU and LVT treatments (day 30), rats were further administered LVT alone for 15 more days (day 45). The subcellular distribution of SST and SSTR subtypes was determined by peroxidase immunohistochemistry in the thyroid gland collected from control and treated rats. RESULTS SST and SSTR subtypes were found to be moderately expressed in control thyroid tissues. SST and SSTR subtypes like immunoreactivity increased significantly in follicular and parafollicular epithelial cells in the thyroid of PTU-treated rats. The PTU-induced changes in the expression of SST and SSTR subtypes were suppressed by the administration of the LVT. In addition to thyroid tissues, SST and SSTRs expression was also changed in non-follicular tissues including blood vessels, smooth muscle cells, and connective tissue following treatments. CONCLUSION The present study revealed a distinct subcellular distribution of SST and SSTR subtypes in the thyroid and provides a new insight for the role of SST and SSTR subtypes in hypothyroidism in addition to its well-established role in negative regulation of hormonal secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Singh
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Rishi K Somvanshi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Vandana Panda
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Principal K. M. Kundnani College of Pharmacy, Colaba, Mumbai, India
| | - Ujendra Kumar
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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19
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Kim KN, Kim HY, Lim YH, Shin CH, Kim JI, Kim BN, Lee YA, Hong YC. Prenatal and early childhood phthalate exposures and thyroid function among school-age children. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 141:105782. [PMID: 32450450 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited studies have investigated the association between prenatal and early childhood phthalate exposures and thyroid function among children. OBJECTIVES To investigate the association between early life phthalate exposure and thyroid function among school-age children, considering both prenatal and early childhood exposures, using longitudinal data from an established prospective cohort. METHODS We measured urinary phthalate metabolite levels during pregnancy and at 2, 4, and 6 years of age and conducted thyroid function tests at 6 years of age. We assessed the associations between phthalate metabolite levels and thyroid function using linear regression and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) models (n = 492). RESULTS In linear regression models, a doubling of urinary mono-n-butyl phthalate (MnBP) levels, measured during pregnancy and at 4 years of age, was associated with lower thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels at 6 years of age (-5.0%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -8.8%, -1.0% and -5.7%, 95% CI: -9.7%, -1.5%, respectively). A similar association was found between mono-(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP) levels at 4 years of age and TSH levels at 6 years of age (-5.5%, 95% CI: -9.7%, -1.1%). Urinary mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP) (2.3%, 95% CI: 0.1%, 4.5%) and MEOHP levels at 2 years of age (2.2%, 95% CI: 0.1%, 4.4%) and mono-2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl phthalate (1.4%, 95% CI: 0.1%, 2.7%) and mono-benzyl phthalate levels at 6 years of age (1.1%, 95% CI: 0.4%, 1.9%) were associated with higher triiodothyronine (T3) levels at 6 years of age. Urinary MnBP during pregnancy, MEHHP, MEOHP, and MnBP at 4 years of age were also associated with lower free thyroxine (fT4) × TSH. In BKMR models, urinary MnBP levels during pregnancy were associated with lower TSH levels and fT4 × TSH (both posterior inclusion probabilities: 0.99). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that early life phthalate exposure influences subsequent thyroid function. However, the results should be interpreted cautiously, because a single spot urine sample was used to quantify the phthalate exposures at each time point.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung-Nam Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Division of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa Young Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Kangwon National University Hospital, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn-Hee Lim
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Choong Ho Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Johanna Inhyang Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Hanyang University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bung-Nyun Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ah Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yun-Chul Hong
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Division of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Environmental Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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20
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Lebeaux RM, Doherty BT, Gallagher LG, Zoeller RT, Hoofnagle AN, Calafat AM, Karagas MR, Yolton K, Chen A, Lanphear BP, Braun JM, Romano ME. Maternal serum perfluoroalkyl substance mixtures and thyroid hormone concentrations in maternal and cord sera: The HOME Study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 185:109395. [PMID: 32222633 PMCID: PMC7657649 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are ubiquitous. Previous studies have found associations between PFAS and thyroid hormones in maternal and cord sera, but the results are inconsistent. To further address this research question, we used mixture modeling to assess the associations with individual PFAS, interactions among PFAS chemicals, and the overall mixture. METHODS We collected data through the Health Outcomes and Measures of the Environment (HOME) Study, a prospective cohort study that between 2003 and 2006 enrolled 468 pregnant women and their children in the greater Cincinnati, Ohio region. We assessed the associations of maternal serum PFAS concentrations measured during pregnancy with maternal (n = 185) and cord (n = 256) sera thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), total thyroxine (TT4), total triiodothyronine (TT3), free thyroxine (FT4), and free triiodothyronine (FT3) using two mixture modeling approaches (Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) and quantile g-computation) and multivariable linear regression. Additional models considered thyroid autoantibodies, other non-PFAS chemicals, and iodine deficiency as potential confounders or effect measure modifiers. RESULTS PFAS, considered individually or as mixtures, were generally not associated with any thyroid hormones. A doubling of perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) had a positive association with cord serum TSH in BKMR models but the 95% Credible Interval included the null (β = 0.09; 95% CrI: -0.08, 0.27). Using BKMR and multivariable models, we found that among children born to mothers with higher thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), PFOS, and perfluorohexanesulfonic acid (PFHxS) were associated with decreased cord FT4 suggesting modification by maternal TPOAb status. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that maternal serum PFAS concentrations measured in the second trimester of pregnancy are not strongly associated with thyroid hormones in maternal and cord sera. Further analyses using robust mixture models in other cohorts are required to corroborate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca M Lebeaux
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Brett T Doherty
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | | | - R Thomas Zoeller
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Andrew N Hoofnagle
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Antonia M Calafat
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Margaret R Karagas
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Kimberly Yolton
- Division of General and Community Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Aimin Chen
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Bruce P Lanphear
- Child and Family Research Institute, BC Children's and Women's Hospital and Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Joseph M Braun
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Megan E Romano
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA.
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21
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Bano F, Mohanty B. Thyroxine modulation of immune toxicity induced by mixture pesticides mancozeb and fipronil in mice. Life Sci 2020; 240:117078. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.117078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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22
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Khan KM, Parvez F, Zoeller RT, Hocevar BA, Kamendulis LM, Rohlman D, Eunus M, Graziano J. Thyroid hormones and neurobehavioral functions among adolescents chronically exposed to groundwater with geogenic arsenic in Bangladesh. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 678:278-287. [PMID: 31075594 PMCID: PMC6544172 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Groundwater, the major source of drinking water in Bengal Delta Plain, is contaminated with geogenic arsenic (As) enrichment affecting millions of people. Children exposed to tubewell water containing As may be associated with thyroid dysfunction, which in turn may impact neurodevelopmental outcomes. However, data to support such relationship is sparse. The purpose of this study was to examine if chronic water As (WAs) from Holocene alluvial aquifers in this region was associated with serum thyroid hormone (TH) and if TH biomarkers were related to neurobehavioral (NB) performance in a group of adolescents. A sample of 32 healthy adolescents were randomly drawn from a child cohort in the Health Effects of Arsenic Longitudinal Study (HEALS) in Araihazar, Bangladesh. Half of these participants were consistently exposed to low WAs (<10 μg/L) and the remaining half had high WAs exposure (≥10 μg/L) since birth. Measurements included serum total triiodothyronine (tT3), free thyroxine (fT4), thyrotropin (TSH) and thyroperoxidase antibodies (TPOAb); concurrent WAs and urinary arsenic (UAs); and adolescents' NB performance. WAs and UAs were positively and significantly correlated with TPOAb but were not correlated with TSH, tT3 and fT4. After accounting for covariates, both WAs and UAs demonstrated positive but non-significant relationships with TSH and TPOAb and negative but non-significant relationships with tT3 and fT4. TPOAb was significantly associated with reduced NB performance indicated by positive associations with latencies in simple reaction time (b = 82.58; p < 0.001) and symbol digit (b = 276.85; p = 0.005) tests. TSH was significantly and negatively associated with match-to-sample correct count (b = -0.95; p = 0.05). Overall, we did not observe significant associations between arsenic exposure and TH biomarkers although the relationships were in the expected directions. We observed TH biomarkers to be related to reduced NB performance as hypothesized. Our study indicated a possible mechanism of As-induced neurotoxicity, which requires further investigations for confirmatory findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid M Khan
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Indiana University-Bloomington, IN, USA.
| | - Faruque Parvez
- Department of Environmental Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - R Thomas Zoeller
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Barbara A Hocevar
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Indiana University-Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Lisa M Kamendulis
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Indiana University-Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Diane Rohlman
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, The University of Iowa, IA, USA
| | | | - Joseph Graziano
- Department of Environmental Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, USA
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Kutluturk Y, Akinci A, Ozerol IH, Yologlu S. The relationship between serum FGF-23 concentration and insulin resistance, prediabetes and dyslipidemia in obese children and adolescents. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2019; 32:707-714. [PMID: 31211688 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2018-0507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Obesity is known to cause metabolic disturbances including insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and alters bone mineralization. The effects of obesity on fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23), which is important in bone mineralization, have not yet been clarified. Our aim was to investigate the association between FGF-23 concentration and obesity-associated dysmetabolism. Methods Subjects comprised 46 obese children and adolescents. The same number of age-matched, healthy controls were recruited. Markers of bone mineralization and glucose metabolism were measured. Thyroid function and insulin resistance were investigated in both groups. In obese subjects; an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed and hemoglobin A1c and lipid fractions were measured. Bone mineral density and hepatic steatosis were investigated. Results Serum FGF-23, α-klotho and 1,25(OH)2D3 concentrations were significantly lower while fasting insulin, fasting glucose, C-peptide and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) concentrations and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were significantly higher in the obese group compared to controls. A significant negative correlation was observed between free tri-iodothyronine (fT3) and both FGF-23 and α-klotho in the obese group. Significant negative correlation was found between FGF-23 and C-peptide and a positive correlation was found between FGF-23 and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-c) in the obese subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). Significant negative correlations were found between FGF-23 and both fasting insulin levels and C-peptide levels in the obese subjects with hepatic steatosis. Conclusions In our study, insulin resistance-associated hyperinsulinism and/or lower 1,25(OH)2D3 levels, both present in obese children and adolescents, may lead to decreased serum FGF-23 concentrations in obese subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yesim Kutluturk
- Department of Pediatrics, Inonu University Faculty of Medicine, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Aysehan Akinci
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Inonu University Faculty of Medicine, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Halil Ozerol
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Inonu University Faculty of Medicine, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Saim Yologlu
- Department of Biostatistics, Inonu University Faculty of Medicine, Malatya, Turkey
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Assessment of Dietary Iodine Intake in School Age Children: The Cross-Sectional ANIVA Study. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10121884. [PMID: 30513884 PMCID: PMC6315605 DOI: 10.3390/nu10121884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Iodine deficiency is one of the most important health problems in the world. It intervenes in the synthesis of thyroid hormones, which carry out important functions, so that a deficit of this mineral causes alterations of different kinds such as those related to growth. The objective of the present study was to know the prevalence of iodine deficit in the diet of Valencian children from 6 to 8 years old and their relationship with anthropometry. The analysis of the dietary intake was carried out through questionnaires. Thirteen schools participated in the study. The sample studied consists of 661 school children belonging to the Valencian Community, between 6 and 8 years of age: 298 boys and 363 girls. 79.12% of the children did not meet recommended daily iodine intakes. When comparing the groups of girls and boys with an inadequate intake, in general, girls show worse nutritional adequacy. When comparing the groups of girls and boys with sufficient iodine intake, no statistically significant differences were observed. No immediate effects of iodine deficiency on children’s anthropometry were observed. Intake of dairy products, fish and iodized salt is recommended, since they can contribute to the diet the iodine required to avoid a deficiency.
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Al-Naimi MS, Hussien NR, Rasheed HA, Al-Kuraishy HM, Al-Gareeb AI. Levothyroxine improves Paraoxonase (PON-1) serum levels in patients with primary hypothyroidism: Case-control study. J Adv Pharm Technol Res 2018; 9:113-118. [PMID: 30338238 PMCID: PMC6174702 DOI: 10.4103/japtr.japtr_298_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary hypothyroidism is associated with oxidative stress and insufficient antioxidant capacity. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of levothyroxine replacement therapy on paraoxonase 1 (PON-1) serum levels in a patients with primary hypothyroidism. Thirty-one patients with primary hypothyroidism compared to 20 healthy controls were recruited from. A venous blood sample were taken after an overnight fasting for biochemical parameters, before and after starting levothyroxine therapy (100 μ g/day) for 3 months duration. The biochemical variables were PON-1 serum levels, lipid profiles, triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxin (T4), and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) serum levels. Levothyroxine replacement therapy leads to a significant amelioration of thyroid functions, lipid profile, cardiometabolic measures P < 0.05 in patients with primary hypothyroidism. Levothyroxine leads to significant elevation in PON-1 serum levels from 188.42 ± 19.81 (U/mL) to 361.23 ± 33.62 (U/mL) P < 0.0001. This study concluded that levothyroxine replacement therapy significantly increases PON-1 serum levels in patients with primary hypothyroidism and attenuating hypothyroidism-induced oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa S Al-Naimi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Al-Mustansiriya University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Nawar R Hussien
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Al-Mustansiriya University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Huda A Rasheed
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Al-Mustansiriya University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Hayder M Al-Kuraishy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutic, Medical Faculty, College of Medicine, Al-Mustansiriya University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ali I Al-Gareeb
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutic, Medical Faculty, College of Medicine, Al-Mustansiriya University, Baghdad, Iraq
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Daniš R, Hill M, Sedlak P. Differences in the auxological characters of children with short stature - Differential diagnostic possibilities of hypothyreosis. HOMO-JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE HUMAN BIOLOGY 2018; 69:139-145. [PMID: 30017377 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchb.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to define the differences in growth characteristics in the three most frequent causes of growth retardation - growth hormone deficiency, hypothyreosis and constitutional delay of growth and development - in order to provide diagnostic means for distinguishing these disorders. The study included 166 children with growth disorders aged 4-18 years. The height for age, the bone age using the TW3 method, the predicted height as the target height and the current prediction using the TW3 method were studied. For bone age, the radius, ulna and short bones compartment (RUS) and carpal bones (CARP) were evaluated separately and the difference in their delay in relation to chronological age (ΔBA_RUS_CARP) was determined. The relationship of the studied variables with sex and the underlying diagnosis was tested and the relationship of hypothyreosis and growth data was estimated. The model was tested on the growth data of 104 randomly selected patients with a growth disorder. The largest significant distinction was demonstrated by the difference ΔBA_RUS_CARP in hypothyreosis. The created linear regression model was highly statistically significant (χ2 = 19.4, p < 0.0001) and showed high selectivity (0.609, 95% CI 0.409; 0.808) as well as high specificity (0.864, 95% CI 0.781; 0.946). The clinical validity of the model demonstrated a 61% predictive value for the detection and an 81% successful specification of hypothyreosis. The study demonstrated the possibility of distinguishing suspected hypothyreosis from other causes of growth retardation based on differences in severity of the ossification delay in skeletal compartments of the hand.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Daniš
- Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Viničná 1594/7, 128 44 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - M Hill
- Institute of Endocrinology, Národní 139/8, 110 00 Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | - P Sedlak
- Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Viničná 1594/7, 128 44 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
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Namulema J, Nansunga M, Kato CD, Kalange M, Olaleye SB. Thyroid hormones increase stomach goblet cell numbers and mucin expression during indomethacin induced ulcer healing in Wistar rats. Thyroid Res 2018; 11:6. [PMID: 29849767 PMCID: PMC5970504 DOI: 10.1186/s13044-018-0050-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gastric ulcers are mucosal discontinuities that may extend into the mucosa, submucosa or even deeper. They result from an imbalance between mucosal aggressors and protective mechanisms that include the mucus bicarbonate layer. Thyroid hormones have been shown to accelerate gastric ulcer healing in part by increasing the adherent mucus levels. However, the effects of thyroid hormones on goblet cell numbers and expression of neutral and acidic mucins during ulcer healing have not been investigated. Methods Thirty six adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups each with six animals. Group 1 (normal control) and group 2 (negative control) were given normal saline for eight weeks. Groups 3 and 4 were given 100 μg/kg per day per os of thyroxine so as to induce hyperthyroidism. Groups 5 and 6 received 0.01% (w/v) Propylthiouracil (PTU) for 8 weeks so as to induce hypothyroidism. After thyroid hormonal levels were confirmed using radioimmunoassay and immunoradiometric assays, ulcer induction was done using 40 mg/kg intragastric single dose of Indomethacin in groups 2, 3 and 5. Stomachs were extracted after day 3 and 7 of ulcer induction for histological examination. Histochemistry was carried out using Periodic Acid Shiff and Alcian Blue. The number of acidic and neutral goblet cells were determined by counting numbers per field. Mucin expression (%) was determined using Quick Photo Industrial software version 3.1. Results The numbers of neutral goblet cells (cells/field) increased significantly (P < 0.05) in the ulcer+thyroxine (14.67 ± 0.33), thyroxine (17.04 ± 1.71) and ulcer+PTU (12.89 ± 1.06) groups compared to the normal control (10.78 ± 1.07) at day 3. For the acidic goblet cells, differences between treatment groups were more pronounced at day 7 between the ulcer+thyroxine (22.56 ± 1.26) and thyroxine (22.89 ± 0.80). We further showed that percentage expression of both neutral and acidic mucins was significantly higher in the ulcer+thyroxine (9.23 ± 0.17 and 6.57 ± 0.35 respectively) and thyroxine groups (9.66 ± 0.21 and 6.33 ± 0.38 respectively) as compared to the normal control group (4.08 ± 0.20 and 4.38 ± 0.11 respectively) at day 3 after ulcer induction. Conclusion This study confirms the role played by thyroid hormones in healing of indomethacin induced gastric ulcers. The study further demonstrates increased numbers of both neutral and acidic goblet cells and the increase in expression of both neutral and acidic mucins during healing of indomethacin induced ulcers. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13044-018-0050-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackline Namulema
- 1Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University, P.O BOX 71, Ishaka, Bushenyi Uganda
| | - Miriam Nansunga
- 1Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University, P.O BOX 71, Ishaka, Bushenyi Uganda.,4Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, St Augustine International University, P.O BOX 88, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Charles Drago Kato
- 2Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University, P.O BOX 71, Ishaka, Bushenyi Uganda.,5School of Biosecurity, Biotechnical & Laboratory Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, P.O Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Muhammudu Kalange
- 1Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University, P.O BOX 71, Ishaka, Bushenyi Uganda
| | - Samuel Babafemi Olaleye
- 3Laboratory for Gastrointestinal Secretion and Inflammation Research, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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28
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Hasona NA. Grape seed extract attenuates dexamethasone‐induced testicular and thyroid dysfunction in male albino rats. Andrologia 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/and.13002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- N. A. Hasona
- Department of Biochemistry College of Medicine University of Hail Hail Saudi Arabia
- Faculty of Science, Chemistry Department Biochemistry Division Beni‐Suef University Beni‐Suef Egypt
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Yang J, Zhu L, Li X, Zheng H, Wang Z, Hao Z, Liu Y. Maternal iodine status during lactation and infant weight and length in Henan Province, China. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2017; 17:383. [PMID: 29145827 PMCID: PMC5689181 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-017-1569-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infants are very sensitive to iodine deficiency. Breastfed infants are dependent on maternal iodine intake. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between maternal iodine status during lactation and infant weight and length. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted to investigate maternal iodine status and infant anthropometric measures in Henan Province, China. Only exclusive breastfeeding mothers and their infants < 6 months of age (n = 747) were included in our final analysis. Urine samples were collected from all the mothers and infants. Infant weight and length were measured and converted into weight-for-age Z-score (WAZ) and height-for-age Z-score (HAZ) using the World Health Organization (WHO) AnthroPlus software. RESULTS The median urinary iodine concentration (UIC) in lactating women was significant lower than that in their infants (177.4 vs 261.1 μg/L, P < 0.001). A positive correlation was found between maternal and infant urinary iodine concentration (r = 0.203, P < 0.01). The mean HAZ and WAZ values were lowest in the infants whose mothers had UIC below 50 μg/L (n = 41). Infant WAZ with maternal UIC below 50 μg/L was significantly lower than those with maternal UIC of 50 μg/L or above (P = 0.043). After adjusting for confounding factors, there were significant differences in infant WAZ between maternal UIC groups. CONCLUSIONS The present study suggests that maternal iodine status during lactation may be related to their infant anthropometric index. Appropriate iodine intake of lactating women is beneficial for their infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Yang
- Department for Endemic Disease Control and Prevention, Center for Disease Control of Henan Province, Room 4201, No. 105 Nongye Nan Road, Zhengdong New District, Zhengzhou, 450016 China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Department for Endemic Disease Control and Prevention, Center for Disease Control of Henan Province, Room 4201, No. 105 Nongye Nan Road, Zhengdong New District, Zhengzhou, 450016 China
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- Department for Endemic Disease Control and Prevention, Center for Disease Control of Henan Province, Room 4201, No. 105 Nongye Nan Road, Zhengdong New District, Zhengzhou, 450016 China
| | - Heming Zheng
- Department for Endemic Disease Control and Prevention, Center for Disease Control of Henan Province, Room 4201, No. 105 Nongye Nan Road, Zhengdong New District, Zhengzhou, 450016 China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department for Endemic Disease Control and Prevention, Center for Disease Control of Henan Province, Room 4201, No. 105 Nongye Nan Road, Zhengdong New District, Zhengzhou, 450016 China
| | - Zongyu Hao
- Department for Endemic Disease Control and Prevention, Center for Disease Control of Henan Province, Room 4201, No. 105 Nongye Nan Road, Zhengdong New District, Zhengzhou, 450016 China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department for Endemic Disease Control and Prevention, Center for Disease Control of Henan Province, Room 4201, No. 105 Nongye Nan Road, Zhengdong New District, Zhengzhou, 450016 China
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30
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Önsesveren I, Barjaktarovic M, Chaker L, de Rijke YB, Jaddoe VWV, van Santen HM, Visser TJ, Peeters RP, Korevaar TIM. Childhood Thyroid Function Reference Ranges and Determinants: A Literature Overview and a Prospective Cohort Study. Thyroid 2017; 27:1360-1369. [PMID: 28942709 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2017.0262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reported cutoffs for childhood thyrotropin (TSH) and free thyroxine (fT4) reference ranges vary widely, and knowledge on the determinants of childhood thyroid function is sparse. This study aimed to summarize the existing studies on thyroid function reference ranges in children. Furthermore, the objective was to investigate the determinants of childhood TSH and fT4 concentration in a population based-prospective cohort. METHODS First, to identify studies on childhood thyroid reference ranges, The National Library of Medicine's PubMed, Embase, Ovid Medline, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases were systematically searched. Second, in a non-selected sample of 4273 children (median age 6.0 years, range 4.9-9.1 years) from the cohort, the associations of age, sex, anthropometric characteristics, ethnicity, maternal education, and time and season at venipuncture were studied with TSH and fT4 concentrations. The study also investigated to what extent between-individual variations in the determinants of TSH and fT4 could influence the calculation of reference ranges. RESULTS Published reference ranges for TSH and fT4 differ per age range and within age ranges (cutoffs low TSH: 0.13 to >1 mIU/L; high TSH: 2.36 to >10 mIU/L; low fT4: 7.0 to >10 pmol/L; high fT4: 15.5 to >30 pmol/L). In the present cohort, weight, sex, and ethnicity were determinants of TSH (p ≤ 0.03) and fT4 concentrations (p ≤ 0.01), and height and time at venipuncture were determinants of TSH only (p < 0.0001). The between-individual variation depending on clinical determinants for TSH ranged between 0.64 and 0.96 mIU/L (total population 0.87 mIU/L) for the lower limit and 4.30 and 5.62 mIU/L (total population 5.20 mIU/L) for the upper limit, whereas for fT4, the lower limit ranged between 13.6 and 14.2 pmol/L (total population 13.8 pmol/L) and the upper limit ranged between 20.2 and 23.0 pmol/L (total population 20.8 pmol/L). CONCLUSIONS Considerable differences exist in the reported reference ranges for childhood TSH and fT4 across and within age ranges and assays. The present cohort shows only a minimal association between TSH and fT4, suggesting that the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis remains unaffected by thyroid interfering factors. Various determinants of TSH and fT4 in children were identified, which accounted for a considerable variation of reference range cutoffs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Önsesveren
- 1 The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital , Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- 2 Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital , Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- 3 Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Erasmus Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital , Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mirjana Barjaktarovic
- 1 The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital , Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- 2 Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital , Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- 3 Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Erasmus Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital , Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Layal Chaker
- 2 Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital , Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- 3 Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Erasmus Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital , Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yolanda B de Rijke
- 2 Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital , Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- 4 Department of Clinical Chemistry, Erasmus Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital , Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent W V Jaddoe
- 1 The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital , Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- 5 Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital , Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- 6 Pediatrics, Erasmus Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital , Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hanneke M van Santen
- 7 Pediatric Endocrinology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center , Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Theo J Visser
- 2 Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital , Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- 3 Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Erasmus Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital , Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robin P Peeters
- 2 Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital , Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- 3 Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Erasmus Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital , Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tim I M Korevaar
- 1 The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital , Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- 2 Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital , Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- 3 Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Erasmus Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital , Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Al-Musa HM. Impact of Obesity on Serum Levels of Thyroid Hormones among Euthyroid Saudi Adults. J Thyroid Res 2017; 2017:5739806. [PMID: 28630779 PMCID: PMC5463130 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5739806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM OF STUDY To assess serum thyroid hormones levels among Saudi adults and to correlate participants' serum levels with their grades of body mass index (BMI). METHODOLOGY A total of 278 adult subjects were recruited. Participants were categorized according to their BMI grades into normal weight (BMI < 25 kg/m2), overweight (BMI 25-29.9 kg/m2), or obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2). Serum thyroid hormones levels were assessed at the central laboratory of Aseer Central Hospital, Abha City, by chemiluminescence immunoassay. RESULTS More than three-fourths of participants were either overweight (31.3%) or obese (44.6%). Mean TSH serum levels showed a significantly increasing trend with increasing BMI (p < 0.001). A negative trend was observed regarding participants' mean serum levels of fT4 with their BMI, but there were no significant differences in mean serum fT4 levels according to BMI. Moreover, no significant differences were observed in serum fT3 levels according to BMI. CONCLUSIONS Mean TSH serum levels increase with BMI increase. Further largescale multicentric and longitudinal studies are necessary to prove the association between serum levels of thyroid hormones and BMI of euthyroid adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan M. Al-Musa
- Family and Community Medicine Department, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
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32
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Pimentel J, Chambers M, Shahid M, Chawla R, Kapadia C. Comorbidities of Thyroid Disease in Children. Adv Pediatr 2016; 63:211-26. [PMID: 27426902 DOI: 10.1016/j.yapd.2016.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Janiel Pimentel
- Phoenix Children's Hospital, 1919 E Thomas Road, Phoenix, AZ 85016, USA
| | - Melissa Chambers
- Phoenix Children's Hospital, 1919 E Thomas Road, Phoenix, AZ 85016, USA
| | - Madhia Shahid
- Phoenix Children's Hospital, 1919 E Thomas Road, Phoenix, AZ 85016, USA
| | - Reeti Chawla
- Phoenix Children's Hospital, 1919 E Thomas Road, Phoenix, AZ 85016, USA
| | - Chirag Kapadia
- Phoenix Children's Hospital, 1919 E Thomas Road, Phoenix, AZ 85016, USA.
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Loh TP, Sethi SK, Metz MP. Paediatric reference interval and biological variation trends of thyrotropin (TSH) and free thyroxine (T4) in an Asian population. J Clin Pathol 2015; 68:642-7. [PMID: 25903271 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2015-202916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To describe the reference intervals and biological variation data for thyrotropin (TSH) and free thyroxine (FT4) in a mixed Asian population using an indirect sampling approach and to compare them with published reports. METHODS TSH and FT4 of children measured once or twice over a 7-year period (2008-2014) at primary-care and tertiary-care settings were extracted from the laboratory information system. After excluding outliers, age-related reference intervals were derived using the Lambda-Mu-Sigma (LMS) approach, while age-partitioned biological variation data were obtained according to recommendations by Fraser and Harris. RESULTS Both TSH and FT4 were very high at birth and declined with age. Similarly within-individual and between-individual biological variations were higher for both TSH and FT4 at birth and also declined with age. Our data were broadly similar to previous studies. Significant heterogeneity in study population and methods prohibited direct numerical comparison between this and previously published studies. CONCLUSIONS This study fills two important gaps in our knowledge of paediatric thyroid function by reporting the centile trends (and reference values) in a mixed Asian population, as well as providing age-partitioned biological variation data. The variation in published reference intervals highlights the difficulty in harmonising paediatric thyroid reference intervals or recommending universal clinical cut-offs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tze Ping Loh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sunil Kumar Sethi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Michael Patrick Metz
- Division of Chemical Pathology, SA Pathology, Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Su PH, Chen HY, Chen SJ, Chen JY, Liou SH, Wang SL. Thyroid and growth hormone concentrations in 8-year-old children exposed in utero to dioxins and polychlorinated biphenyls. J Toxicol Sci 2015; 40:309-19. [DOI: 10.2131/jts.40.309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pen-Hua Su
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Yen Chen
- Division of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Taiwan
| | - Suh-Jen Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Yuh Chen
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Saou-Hsing Liou
- The Department of Public Health, China Medical University, Taiwan
- Division of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Li Wang
- The Department of Public Health, China Medical University, Taiwan
- Division of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Taiwan
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Abstract
Endogenous hormones have effects on tissue morphology, cell physiology, and behaviors at low doses. In fact, hormones are known to circulate in the part-per-trillion and part-per-billion concentrations, making them highly effective and potent signaling molecules. Many endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) mimic hormones, yet there is strong debate over whether these chemicals can also have effects at low doses. In the 1990s, scientists proposed the "low-dose hypothesis," which postulated that EDCs affect humans and animals at environmentally relevant doses. This chapter focuses on data that support and refute the low-dose hypothesis. A case study examining the highly controversial example of bisphenol A and its low-dose effects on the prostate is examined through the lens of endocrinology. Finally, the chapter concludes with a discussion of factors that can influence the ability of a study to detect and interpret low-dose effects appropriately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura N Vandenberg
- Department of Public Health, Division of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts - Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA.
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Jeong JH, Kim TK, Oh SW, Choi EY. Fluorescence immunochip assay for thyroid stimulating hormone in whole blood. BIOCHIP JOURNAL 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s13206-013-7413-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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