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Milstein Y, Haiimov E, Slae M, Davidovics Z, Millman P, Birimberg-Schwartz L, Benson A, Wilschanski M, Amer R. Increased Risk of Celiac Disease in Patients with Uveitis. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2024; 32:1330-1334. [PMID: 37579242 DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2023.2243497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine whether patients with non-infectious uveitis (NIU) are at increased risk for celiac disease (CeD). METHODS Celiac antibody testing was completed in 112 patients. The control group included patients who had undergone upper endoscopy for suspicion of CeD. RESULTS 2/112 (1.79%) of patients with NIU had positive anti-tTG serology and CeD was confirmed in both patients. When compared to the expected risk of CeD in the general Israeli population of 0.31%, this corresponded to an odds ratio of 5.77 (95% CI 1.4118 to 23.4737, P = 0.049). Three additional patients had positive serology for CeD but the diagnosis was not confirmed. CONCLUSIONS An increased risk of CeD was detected in patients with NIU. We therefore recommend screening for CeD in NIU patients. Larger prospective studies are required to further validate these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosef Milstein
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Elianora Haiimov
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Mordechai Slae
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Zev Davidovics
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Peri Millman
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Liron Birimberg-Schwartz
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- Hadassah Organoid Center, Hadassah Medical Organization, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ariel Benson
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Michael Wilschanski
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Radgonde Amer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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Shaaban A, Scott SS, Greenlee AN, Binda N, Noor A, Webb A, Guo S, Purdy N, Pennza N, Habib A, Mohammad SJ, Smith SA. Atrial fibrillation in cancer, anticancer therapies, and underlying mechanisms. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2024; 194:118-132. [PMID: 38897563 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2024.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common arrhythmic complication in cancer patients and can be exacerbated by traditional cytotoxic and targeted anticancer therapies. Increased incidence of AF in cancer patients is independent of confounding factors, including preexisting myocardial arrhythmogenic substrates, type of cancer, or cancer stage. Mechanistically, AF is characterized by fast unsynchronized atrial contractions with rapid ventricular response, which impairs ventricular filling and results in various symptoms such as fatigue, chest pain, and shortness of breath. Due to increased blood stasis, a consequence of both cancer and AF, concern for stroke increases in this patient population. To compound matters, cardiotoxic anticancer therapies themselves promote AF; thereby exacerbating AF morbidity and mortality in cancer patients. In this review, we examine the relationship between AF, cancer, and cardiotoxic anticancer therapies with a focus on the shared molecular and electrophysiological mechanisms linking these disease processes. We also explore the potential role of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) in the management of anticancer-therapy-induced AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Shaaban
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Shane S Scott
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Bob and Corrinne Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia Research, The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Ashley N Greenlee
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Bob and Corrinne Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia Research, The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Nkongho Binda
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Ali Noor
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Averie Webb
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Shuliang Guo
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Bob and Corrinne Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia Research, The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Najhee Purdy
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Bob and Corrinne Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia Research, The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Nicholas Pennza
- Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - Alma Habib
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Somayya J Mohammad
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Bob and Corrinne Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia Research, The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Sakima A Smith
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Bob and Corrinne Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia Research, The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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Mahmoudi F, Jalayeri MHT, Montaseri A, MohamedKhosroshahi L, Baradaran B. Microbial natural compounds and secondary metabolites as Immunomodulators: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 278:134778. [PMID: 39153680 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
Immunomodulatory therapies are beneficial strategies for the improvement of immune system function. Today, due to the increasing prevalence of immune disorders, cancer, and new viral diseases, there is a greater need to introduce immunomodulatory compounds with more efficiency and fewer side effects. Microbial derivatives are fertile and attractive grounds for discovering lots of novel compounds with various medical properties. The discovery of many natural compounds derived from bacterial sources, such as secondary metabolites with promising immunomodulating activities, represents the importance of this topic in drug discovery and emphasizes the necessity for a coherent source of study in this area. Considering this need, in this review, we aim to focus on the current information about the immunomodulatory effects of bacterial secondary metabolites and natural immunomodulators derived from microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariba Mahmoudi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Hadi Tajik Jalayeri
- Clinical Research Development Unit (CRDU), Sayad Shirazi Hospital Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Azadeh Montaseri
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics, Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Leila MohamedKhosroshahi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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4
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Ganguly K, Luthfikasari R, Randhawa A, Dutta SD, Patil TV, Acharya R, Lim KT. Stimuli-Mediated Macrophage Switching, Unraveling the Dynamics at the Nanoplatforms-Macrophage Interface. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2400581. [PMID: 38637323 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202400581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Macrophages play an essential role in immunotherapy and tissue regeneration owing to their remarkable plasticity and diverse functions. Recent bioengineering developments have focused on using external physical stimuli such as electric and magnetic fields, temperature, and compressive stress, among others, on micro/nanostructures to induce macrophage polarization, thereby increasing their therapeutic potential. However, it is difficult to find a concise review of the interaction between physical stimuli, advanced micro/nanostructures, and macrophage polarization. This review examines the present research on physical stimuli-induced macrophage polarization on micro/nanoplatforms, emphasizing the synergistic role of fabricated structure and stimulation for advanced immunotherapy and tissue regeneration. A concise overview of the research advancements investigating the impact of physical stimuli, including electric fields, magnetic fields, compressive forces, fluid shear stress, photothermal stimuli, and multiple stimulations on the polarization of macrophages within complex engineered structures, is provided. The prospective implications of these strategies in regenerative medicine and immunotherapeutic approaches are highlighted. This review will aid in creating stimuli-responsive platforms for immunomodulation and tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keya Ganguly
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Forest Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Rachmi Luthfikasari
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Aayushi Randhawa
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Smart Agriculture, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Sayan Deb Dutta
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Tejal V Patil
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Smart Agriculture, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Rumi Acharya
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Smart Agriculture, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Taek Lim
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Smart Agriculture, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
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5
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Naini AA, Mayanti T, Hilmayanti E, Huang X, Kabayama K, Shimoyama A, Manabe Y, Fukase K, Supratman U. Immunomodulatory of sesquiterpenoids and sesquiterpenoid dimers-based toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) from Dysoxylum parasiticum stem bark. Sci Rep 2024; 14:15597. [PMID: 38971811 PMCID: PMC11227493 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65829-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, the interest in natural products with immunomodulatory properties has increased due to their therapeutic potential. These products have a wider range of pharmacological activities and demonstrate lower toxicity levels when compared to their synthetic counterparts. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the immunomodulatory effects of sesquiterpenoids (SQs) and sesquiterpenoid dimers (SQDs) isolated from Dysoxylum parasiticum (Osbeck) Kosterm. stem bark on human and murine cells, particularly focusing on toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). Utilizing the secreted alkaline phosphatase (SEAP) assay on engineered human and murine TLR4 of HEK-Blue cells, antagonist TLR4 compounds were identified, including SQs 6, 9, and 10, as well as SQDs 17 and 22. The results showed that 10-hydroxyl-15-oxo-α-cadinol (9) had a potent ability to reduce TLR4 activation induced by LPS stimulation, with minimal toxicity observed in both human and murine cells. The SEAP assay also revealed diverse immune regulatory effects for the same ligand. For instance, SQs 12, 14, and 16 transitioned from antagonism on human to murine TLR4. The SQs (4, 7, 11, and 15) and SQDs (18-20) offered partial antagonist effect exclusively on murine TLR4. Furthermore, these selected SQs and SQDs were assessed for their influence on the production of proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1α, IL-1β, and IL-6 of the NF-κB signaling pathway in human and murine macrophage cell lines, showing a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, a brief discussion on the structure-activity relationship was presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Al Arofatus Naini
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Sumedang, West Java, 45363, Indonesia
- Central Laboratory, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Sumedang, West Java, 45363, Indonesia
| | - Tri Mayanti
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Sumedang, West Java, 45363, Indonesia
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Study Centre of Natural Product Chemistry and Synthesis, Univers itas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Sumedang, West Java, 45363, Indonesia
| | - Erina Hilmayanti
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-Cho, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Xuhao Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-Cho, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Kazuya Kabayama
- Institute for Radiation Sciences, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-Cho, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Atsushi Shimoyama
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-Cho, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Manabe
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-Cho, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Koichi Fukase
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-Cho, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Unang Supratman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Sumedang, West Java, 45363, Indonesia.
- Central Laboratory, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Sumedang, West Java, 45363, Indonesia.
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Jain A, Singam A, Mudiganti VNKS. Recent Advances in Immunomodulatory Therapy in Sepsis: A Comprehensive Review. Cureus 2024; 16:e57309. [PMID: 38690455 PMCID: PMC11059166 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.57309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Sepsis remains a critical healthcare challenge, characterized by dysregulated immune responses to infection, leading to organ dysfunction and high mortality rates. Traditional treatment strategies often fail to address the underlying immune dysregulation, necessitating exploring novel therapeutic approaches. Immunomodulatory therapy holds promise in sepsis management by restoring immune balance and mitigating excessive inflammation. This comprehensive review examines the pathophysiology of sepsis, current challenges in treatment, and recent advancements in immunomodulatory agents, including biologics, immunotherapy, and cellular therapies. Clinical trial outcomes, safety profiles, and future research and clinical practice implications are discussed. While immunomodulatory therapies show considerable potential in improving sepsis outcomes, their successful implementation requires further research, collaboration, and integration into standard clinical protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Jain
- Critical Care Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Amol Singam
- Critical Care Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - V N K Srinivas Mudiganti
- Critical Care Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
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7
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Yadav I, Kumar R, Fatima Z, Rema V. Ocimum sanctum [Tulsi] as a Potential Immunomodulator for the Treatment of Ischemic Injury in the Brain. Curr Mol Med 2024; 24:60-73. [PMID: 36515030 DOI: 10.2174/1566524023666221212155340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Stroke causes brain damage and is one of the main reasons for death. Most survivors of stroke face long-term physical disabilities and cognitive dysfunctions. In addition, they also have persistent emotional and behavioral changes. The two main treatments that are effective are reperfusion with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator and recanalization of penumbra using mechanical thrombectomy. However, these treatments are suitable only for a few patients due to limitations such as susceptibility to hemorrhage and the requirement for administering tissue plasminogen activators within the short therapeutic window during the early hours following a stroke. The paucity of interventions and treatments could be because of the multiple pathological mechanisms induced in the brain by stroke. The ongoing immune response following stroke has been attributed to the worsening brain injury. Hence, novel compounds with immunomodulatory properties that could improve the outcome of stroke patients are required. Natural compounds and medicinal herbs with anti-inflammatory activities and having minimal or no adverse systemic effect could be beneficial in treating stroke. Ocimum sanctum is a medicinal herb that can be considered an effective therapeutic option for ischemic brain injury. Ocimum sanctum, commonly known as holy basil or "Tulsi," is mentioned as the "Elixir of Life" for its healing powers. Since antiquity, Tulsi has been used in the Ayurvedic and Siddha medical systems to treat several diseases. It possesses immuno-modulatory activity, which can alter cellular and humoral immune responses. Tulsi can be considered a potential option as an immuno-modulator for treating various diseases, including brain stroke. In this review, we will focus on the immunomodulatory properties of Tulsi, specifically its effect on both innate and adaptive immunity, as well as its antioxidant and antiinflammatory properties, which could potentially be effective in treating ongoing immune reactions following ischemic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inderjeet Yadav
- National Brain Research Centre [NBRC], Manesar, Haryana, 122052, India
| | - Ravi Kumar
- National Brain Research Centre [NBRC], Manesar, Haryana, 122052, India
| | - Zeeshan Fatima
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia
- Amity Institute of Biotechno logy, Amity University Haryana, Gurugram (Manesar)-122413, India
| | - Velayudhan Rema
- National Brain Research Centre [NBRC], Manesar, Haryana, 122052, India
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Choudhary S, Khan S, Rustagi S, Rajpal VR, Khan NS, Kumar N, Thomas G, Pandey A, Hamurcu M, Gezgin S, Zargar SM, Khan MK. Immunomodulatory Effect of Phytoactive Compounds on Human Health: A Narrative Review Integrated with Bioinformatics Approach. Curr Top Med Chem 2024; 24:1075-1100. [PMID: 38551050 DOI: 10.2174/0115680266274272240321065039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunomodulation is the modification of immune responses to control disease progression. While the synthetic immunomodulators have proven efficacy, they are coupled with toxicity and other adverse effects, and hence, the efforts were to identify natural phytochemicals with immunomodulatory potential. OBJECTIVE To understand the immunomodulatory properties of various phytochemicals and investigate them in Echinacea species extracts using an in silico approach. METHODOLOGY Several scientific database repositories were searched using different keywords: "Phytochemicals," "Alkaloids," "Polyphenols," "Flavonoids," "Lectins," "Glycosides," "Tannins," "Terpenoids," "Sterols," "Immunomodulators," and "Human Immune System" without any language restriction. Additionally, the study specifically investigated the immunomodulatory properties of Echinacea species extracts using gene expression analysis of GSE12259 from NCBI-GEO through the Bioconductor package GEOquery and limma. RESULTS A total of 182 studies were comprehensively analyzed to understand immunomodulatory phytochemicals. The in silico analysis highlighted key biological processes (positive regulation of cytokine production, response to tumor necrosis factor) and molecular functions (cytokine receptor binding, receptor-ligand activity, and cytokine activity) among Echinacea species extracts contributing to immune responses. Further, it also indicated the association of various metabolic pathways, i.e., pathways in cancer, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, NF-kappa B, PI3K-Akt, TNF, MAPK, and NOD-like receptor signaling pathways, with immune responses. The study revealed various hub targets, including CCL20, CCL4, GCH1, SLC7A11, SOD2, EPB41L3, TNFAIP6, GCLM, EGR1, and FOS. CONCLUSION The present study presents a cumulative picture of phytochemicals with therapeutic benefits. Additionally, the study also reported a few novel genes and pathways in Echinacea extracts by re-analyzing GSE 12259 indicating its anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, and immunomodulatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sheeba Khan
- Department of Food Technology, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, 21107, India
| | - Shivani Rustagi
- Department of Food Processing and Technology, Gautam Buddha University, Greater Noida, 201312, India
| | - Vijay Rani Rajpal
- Department of Botany, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Noor Saba Khan
- ICMR-National Institute of Pathology, New Delhi, 110091, India
| | - Neeraj Kumar
- ICMR-National Institute of Pathology, New Delhi, 110091, India
| | - George Thomas
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Engineering, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, 21107, India
| | - Anamika Pandey
- Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Selcuk University, Konya, 42079, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Hamurcu
- Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Selcuk University, Konya, 42079, Turkey
| | - Sait Gezgin
- Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Selcuk University, Konya, 42079, Turkey
| | - Sajad Majeed Zargar
- Proteomics Laboratory, Division of Plant Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir (SKUAST-K), Srinagar, 190025, India
| | - Mohd Kamran Khan
- Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Selcuk University, Konya, 42079, Turkey
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Hafizi M, Kalanaky S, Fakharzadeh S, Karimi P, Fakharian A, Lookzadeh S, Mortaz E, Mirenayat MS, Heshmatnia J, Karam MB, Zamani H, Nadji A, Toutkaboni MP, Oraee-Yazdani S, Akbari ME, Jamaati H, Nazaran MH. Beneficial effects of the combination of BCc1 and Hep-S nanochelating-based medicines on IL-6 in hospitalized moderate COVID-19 adult patients: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Trials 2023; 24:720. [PMID: 37951972 PMCID: PMC10638761 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-023-07624-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the severe forms of COVID-19 and many other infectious diseases, the patients develop a cytokine storm syndrome (CSS) where pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and TNF-α play a key role in the development of this serious process. Selenium and iron are two important trace minerals, and their metabolism is tightly connected to immune system function. Numerous studies highlight the role of selenium and iron metabolism changes in the procedure of COVID-19 inflammation. The immunomodulator effect of nanomedicines that are synthesized based on nanochelating technology has been proved in previous studies. In the present study, the effects of the combination of BCc1(with iron-chelating property) and Hep-S (containing selenium) nanomedicines on mentioned cytokines levels in hospitalized moderate COVID-19 patients were evaluated. METHODS Laboratory-confirmed moderate COVID-19 patients were enrolled to participate in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in two separate groups: combination of BCc1 and Hep-S (N = 62) (treatment) or placebo (N = 60) (placebo). The blood samples were taken before medications on day zero, at discharge, and 28 days after consumption to measure hematological and biochemical parameters and cytokine levels. The clinical symptoms of all the patients were recorded according to an assessment questionnaire before the start of the treatment and on days 3 and discharge day. RESULTS The results revealed that consumption of the nanomedicines led to a significant decrease in the mean level of IL-6 cytokine, and at the end of the study, there was a 77% downward trend in IL-6 in the nanomedicine group, while an 18% increase in the placebo group (p < 0.05). In addition, the patients in the nanomedicines group had lower TNF-α levels; accordingly, there was a 21% decrease in TNF-α level in the treatment group, while a 31% increase in this cytokine level in the placebo was observed (p > 0.05). On the other hand, in nanomedicines treated groups, clinical scores of coughing, fatigue, and need for oxygen therapy improved. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, the combination of BCc1 and Hep-S inhibits IL-6 as a highly important and well-known cytokine in COVID-19 pathophysiology and presents a promising view for immunomodulation that can manage CSS. TRIAL REGISTRATION Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials RCT20170731035423N2 . Registered on June 12, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Hafizi
- Department of Research and Development, Sodour Ahrar Shargh Company, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh Kalanaky
- Department of Research and Development, Sodour Ahrar Shargh Company, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saideh Fakharzadeh
- Department of Research and Development, Sodour Ahrar Shargh Company, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pegah Karimi
- Department of Research and Development, Sodour Ahrar Shargh Company, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atefeh Fakharian
- Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh Lookzadeh
- Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Esmaeil Mortaz
- Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Sadat Mirenayat
- Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center (CRDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jalal Heshmatnia
- Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Bakhshayesh Karam
- Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Homa Zamani
- Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Nadji
- Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mihan Pourabdollah Toutkaboni
- Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Oraee-Yazdani
- Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Comprehensive Neurosurgical Center of Excellence, Shohada Tajrish, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Hamidreza Jamaati
- Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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10
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Pahade A, Bajaj P, Reche A, Shirbhate U. Immunomodulators and Their Applications in Dentistry and Periodontics: A Comprehensive Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e46653. [PMID: 37937011 PMCID: PMC10627732 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.46653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The intricate interplay between the immune system and oral health has revealed opportunities for novel therapeutic interventions in dentistry and periodontics. This review article delves into the pivotal role of immunomodulators in orchestrating immune responses within the oral cavity and their applications in managing various oral and periodontal conditions. The oral environment faces many challenges, from microbial infections to tissue injuries, necessitating a precise immune response for optimal oral health maintenance. Characterized by their ability to modulate immune reactions, immunomodulators emerge as versatile tools for maintaining immune equilibrium. This is a comprehensive overview of the mechanisms through which immunomodulators exert their effects, shedding light on their dual role as regulators of both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory pathways. The diverse applications of immunomodulators within dentistry are explored in depth. Immunomodulators exhibit promising outcomes from managing common oral conditions like gingivitis, periodontitis, and oral ulcers to enhancing the integration of dental implants and promoting wound healing post-surgery. This article highlights the various types of immunomodulatory agents utilized in dental practice, elucidating their mechanisms of action, routes of administration, dosages, and potential side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Pahade
- Periodontics, Sharad Pawar Dental College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Pavan Bajaj
- Periodontics, Sharad Pawar Dental College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Amit Reche
- Public Health Dentistry, Sharad Pawar Dental College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Unnati Shirbhate
- Periodontics, Sharad Pawar Dental College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
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11
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Chatanaka MK, Sohaei D, Diamandis EP, Prassas I. Beyond the amyloid hypothesis: how current research implicates autoimmunity in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2023; 60:398-426. [PMID: 36941789 DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2023.2187342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
The amyloid hypothesis has so far been at the forefront of explaining the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease (AD), a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that leads to cognitive decline and eventual death. Recent evidence, however, points to additional factors that contribute to the pathogenesis of this disease. These include the neurovascular hypothesis, the mitochondrial cascade hypothesis, the inflammatory hypothesis, the prion hypothesis, the mutational accumulation hypothesis, and the autoimmunity hypothesis. The purpose of this review was to briefly discuss the factors that are associated with autoimmunity in humans, including sex, the gut and lung microbiomes, age, genetics, and environmental factors. Subsequently, it was to examine the rise of autoimmune phenomena in AD, which can be instigated by a blood-brain barrier breakdown, pathogen infections, and dysfunction of the glymphatic system. Lastly, it was to discuss the various ways by which immune system dysregulation leads to AD, immunomodulating therapies, and future directions in the field of autoimmunity and neurodegeneration. A comprehensive account of the recent research done in the field was extracted from PubMed on 31 January 2022, with the keywords "Alzheimer's disease" and "autoantibodies" for the first search input, and "Alzheimer's disease" with "IgG" for the second. From the first search, 19 papers were selected, because they contained recent research on the autoantibodies found in the biofluids of patients with AD. From the second search, four papers were selected. The analysis of the literature has led to support the autoimmune hypothesis in AD. Autoantibodies were found in biofluids (serum/plasma, cerebrospinal fluid) of patients with AD with multiple methods, including ELISA, Mass Spectrometry, and microarray analysis. Through continuous research, the understanding of the synergistic effects of the various components that lead to AD will pave the way for better therapeutic methods and a deeper understanding of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyo K Chatanaka
- Department of Laboratory and Medicine Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Dorsa Sohaei
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Eleftherios P Diamandis
- Department of Laboratory and Medicine Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ioannis Prassas
- Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
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12
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Ghorani V, Saadat S, Khazdair MR, Gholamnezhad Z, El-Seedi H, Boskabady MH. Phytochemical Characteristics and Anti-Inflammatory, Immunoregulatory, and Antioxidant Effects of Portulaca oleracea L.: A Comprehensive Review. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2023; 2023:2075444. [PMID: 37693918 PMCID: PMC10484659 DOI: 10.1155/2023/2075444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Portulaca oleracea L. (P. oleracea) or purslane is a plant from the Portulacaceae family, which is used as food and traditional medicine for various diseases. This review article provides comprehensive information on the antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and anti-inflammatory properties of P. oleracea and its constituents. The literature survey of the different databases until the end of June 2023 was explored based on the keywords including the "P. oleracea, purslane, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and antioxidant properties." The plant contains flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, fatty acids, vitamins, minerals, and some other compounds. The results indicated that P. oleracea and its constituents showed anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties through reduction of inflammatory mediators including interferon gama (IFN-γ), interleukin (IL)-10, IL-4, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and nitric oxide. Improvement in cytokines' serum levels (IFN-γ, IL-10, and IL-4) and increased IgG and IgM serum levels, as well as reduction of IgE, phospholipase A2, and total protein were demonstrated for P. oleracea. The plant and its constituents also improved oxidative stress by reduction of oxidant and increase of antioxidant markers. P. oleracea could be considered as an effective remedy for various inflammatory and immune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahideh Ghorani
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Imam Reza Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Saeideh Saadat
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Khazdair
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Zahra Gholamnezhad
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hesham El-Seedi
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Intelligent Agriculture and Agri-Products Processing, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 210024, China
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom 31100107, Egypt
| | - Mohammad Hossein Boskabady
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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13
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Singh G, Fauzi N. The Effects of Anti-platelets and Micronutrients in the Recovery of COVID-19 Patients: A Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e42164. [PMID: 37601995 PMCID: PMC10439304 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.42164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 or coronavirus disease is a pneumonia-like condition caused by the SARS-CoV2 virus. Many mutations of this virus have emerged throughout the two-year period of this pandemic. However, clinical presentations, diagnostic methods, and treatment of COVID-19 remain relatively unchanged. Various substances have been assessed for their functions as COVID-19 immunomodulators. Said substances in this article include aspirin, vitamin C, vitamin D3, zinc, and selenium. Aspirin was found to reduce mortality risk and embolism events. Vitamin C did not seem to improve mechanical ventilation-free days but did improve oxygenation (PaO2/FiO2), peripheral capillary oxygen saturation (SpO2), and body temperature in severe COVID-19 patients. Vitamin D3 was not significantly different compared to placebo in improving mortality in hospitalized patients. However, respiratory tract infection (COVID-19 included) events were lower in individuals given vitamin D3 compared to those who were not. Zinc combined with ascorbic acid caused a quick reduction in symptoms but was not significant compared to zinc alone, ascorbic acid alone, or standard care. Individuals with lower levels of selenium were found to have worse outcomes of COVID-19 compared to those with high levels of selenium. However, further studies, especially clinical trials, are needed. Asprinol is a drug that contains vitamins and minerals plus aspirin which are suggested to help alleviate symptoms and improve outcomes of COVID-19. This review aims to assess the efficacy of asprinol contents in COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurmeet Singh
- Internal Medicine, Respirology, and Critical Illness, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, IDN
| | - Nova Fauzi
- Internal Medicine, Respirology, and Critical Illness, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, IDN
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14
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Emmerich K, White DT, Kambhampati SP, Casado GL, Fu TM, Chunawala Z, Sahoo A, Nimmagadda S, Krishnan N, Saxena MT, Walker SL, Betzig E, Kannan RM, Mumm JS. Nanoparticle-based targeting of microglia improves the neural regeneration enhancing effects of immunosuppression in the zebrafish retina. Commun Biol 2023; 6:534. [PMID: 37202450 PMCID: PMC10193316 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04898-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinal Müller glia function as injury-induced stem-like cells in zebrafish but not mammals. However, insights gleaned from zebrafish have been applied to stimulate nascent regenerative responses in the mammalian retina. For instance, microglia/macrophages regulate Müller glia stem cell activity in the chick, zebrafish, and mouse. We previously showed that post-injury immunosuppression by the glucocorticoid dexamethasone accelerated retinal regeneration kinetics in zebrafish. Similarly, microglia ablation enhances regenerative outcomes in the mouse retina. Targeted immunomodulation of microglia reactivity may therefore enhance the regenerative potential of Müller glia for therapeutic purposes. Here, we investigated potential mechanisms by which post-injury dexamethasone accelerates retinal regeneration kinetics, and the effects of dendrimer-based targeting of dexamethasone to reactive microglia. Intravital time-lapse imaging revealed that post-injury dexamethasone inhibited microglia reactivity. The dendrimer-conjugated formulation: (1) decreased dexamethasone-associated systemic toxicity, (2) targeted dexamethasone to reactive microglia, and (3) improved the regeneration enhancing effects of immunosuppression by increasing stem/progenitor proliferation rates. Lastly, we show that the gene rnf2 is required for the enhanced regeneration effect of D-Dex. These data support the use of dendrimer-based targeting of reactive immune cells to reduce toxicity and enhance the regeneration promoting effects of immunosuppressants in the retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Emmerich
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of the Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David T White
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Siva P Kambhampati
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The Center for Nanomedicine, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Grace L Casado
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tian-Ming Fu
- Janelia Farms Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Princeton Bioengineering Initiative, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Zeeshaan Chunawala
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Arpan Sahoo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Saumya Nimmagadda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nimisha Krishnan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Meera T Saxena
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Steven L Walker
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Eric Betzig
- Janelia Farms Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA.
| | - Rangaramanujam M Kannan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- The Center for Nanomedicine, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Jeff S Mumm
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of the Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- The Center for Nanomedicine, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Solomon H Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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15
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Fajrin FA, Sulistyowaty MI, Ghiffary ML, Zuhra SA, Panggalih WR, Pratoko DK, Christianty FM, Matsunami K, Indrianingsih AW. Immunomodulatory effect from ethanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction of Curcuma heyneana Valeton and Zijp: Transient receptor vanilloid protein approach. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15582. [PMID: 37153401 PMCID: PMC10160745 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to discover the immunomodulatory potential of the ethanol extract (EE) and the ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) of Curcuma heyneana Valeton and Zijp (Indonesian name: temu giring) rhizome using mice models. The affinity of the curcuminoid (curcumin, dimethoxy-, and bisdemethoxy-) through the Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) was determined using Mollegro molecular docking in silico. The curcuminoid concentration of the EE and EAF of C. heyneana rhizome were determined using thin-layer chromatography densitometry. In vivo studies in mice models were conducted using the carbon clearance method to determine the phagocytosis index, and the number of leukocytes in the blood and spleen. Forty mice were divided into eight groups, including negative control (given 1% CMC-Na), positive control (given Stimuno Forte® suspension at a dose of 6.5 mg/kg BW), three groups given the EAF of C. heyneana rhizome extract at a dose of 125 mg/kg BW, 250 mg/kg BW, and 500 mg/kg BW, respectively, and three groups were given EE of temu giring rhizome extract with doses of 125 mg/kg BW, 250 mg/kg BW, and 500 mg/kg BW, respectively. E.E. and E.A.F. of C. heyneana (temu giring) rhizome extract contained dimethoxy curcumin (0.176 ± 0.01 and 4.53 ± 0.02 %b/b) greater than another curcuminoid, bisdemetoxy curcumin and curcumin. EE at 125 mg/kg BW and EAF dose at 500 mg/kg B W. of temu giring rhizome have immunostimulant activity with a phagocytosis index value of >1 compared to the negative control (p < 0.05). Additionally, both increase the number of lymphocytes, monocytes, and neutrophil cells in peripheral blood and spleen compared to the negative control (p < 0.05). Their activity was seen as similar to the positive control. Therefore, the EE of C. heyneana rhizome has immunostimulant activity, and the EAF of C. heyneana rhizome has immunosuppressant activity at 125 mg/kg BW and immunostimulant at a higher dose. The activity of temu giring as an immunomodulator was associataed with its affinity to TRPV1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fifteen Aprila Fajrin
- Clinical and Community Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Jember, 68121, Indonesia
- Preclinical Pharmacology Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Jember, 68121, Indonesia
| | - Melanny Ika Sulistyowaty
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, 60115, Indonesia
- Corresponding author.
| | - Mohammad Labib Ghiffary
- Preclinical Pharmacology Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Jember, 68121, Indonesia
| | - Swara Adla Zuhra
- Preclinical Pharmacology Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Jember, 68121, Indonesia
| | - Wulan Rosa Panggalih
- Preclinical Pharmacology Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Jember, 68121, Indonesia
| | - Dwi Koko Pratoko
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Jember, 68121, Indonesia
| | - Fransiska Maria Christianty
- Clinical and Community Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Jember, 68121, Indonesia
- Preclinical Pharmacology Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Jember, 68121, Indonesia
| | - Katsuyoshi Matsunami
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Anastasia Wheni Indrianingsih
- Research Center for Food Technology and Processing, National Research and Innovation Agency (PRTPP BRIN), Yogyakarta 55861, Indonesia
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16
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Kadu PP. Topical Non-Steroidal Immunomodulators in Dermatology. Indian Dermatol Online J 2023; 14:402-406. [PMID: 37266081 PMCID: PMC10231721 DOI: 10.4103/idoj.idoj_420_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunological abnormality is the pathological basis of many dermatological disorders. Although steroids are the backbone of topical therapy in dermatology, the side effects are encountered quite frequently. Thorough knowledge of non-steroidal immunomodulators will broaden our treatment options. A summary of important non-steroidal immunomodulators has been given to help the residents understand the mechanism of action, indications, application, and adverse effects of these drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya P. Kadu
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Leprosy, Government Medical College, Akola, Maharashtra, India
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17
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Talati MN, Vemireddy S, Seelam SD, Halmuthur. M. SK. Synthesis and immunomodulatory activity of novel amino acid analogues of fluoxetine. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2023.2196024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mamta N. Talati
- OSPC Division, Vaccine Immunology Laboratory, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sravanthi Vemireddy
- OSPC Division, Vaccine Immunology Laboratory, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Siva Deepthi Seelam
- OSPC Division, Vaccine Immunology Laboratory, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Sampath Kumar Halmuthur. M.
- OSPC Division, Vaccine Immunology Laboratory, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
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18
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Elkhodiry AA, Zamzam DA, El Tayebi HM. MicroRNA‑155 modulation of CD8 + T‑cell activity personalizes response to disease‑modifying therapies of patients with relapsing‑remitting multiple sclerosis. MEDICINE INTERNATIONAL 2023; 3:20. [PMID: 37032715 PMCID: PMC10080195 DOI: 10.3892/mi.2023.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease where activated immune cells can attack oligodendrocytes causing damage to the myelin sheath. Several molecular mechanisms are responsible for the auto-activation of immune cells such as RNA interference (RNAi) through microRNAs (miRNAs or miRs). In the present study, the role of miR-155 in regulating CD8+ T-cell activity in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) was investigated, in terms of its migratory functions with regard to intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM1) and integrin subunit β2 (ITGB2), and its cytotoxic proteins, perforin and granzyme B. Gene expression of miR-155, ICAM1, ITGB2, perforin and granzyme B was evaluated following epigenetic modulations using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction in CD8+ T-cells isolated from blood samples of patients with RRMS and compared to healthy controls. The ectopic expression of miR-155 resulted in a persistent downregulation in all genes of interest related to CD8+ T-cell activation that were positively correlated with the Expanded Disability Status Scale of patients. The present study revealed the interplay between miR-155, ICAM1, and ITGB2, shedding light on their beneficial use as possible therapeutic regulators and diagnostic biomarkers of disease. Moreover, epigenetic modulations enhancing the efficacy of disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) may be employed as personalized therapy, to decrease the side effects of DMTs and improve the outcomes of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya A. Elkhodiry
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Dina A. Zamzam
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Hend M. El Tayebi
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo 11835, Egypt
- Correspondence to: Dr Hend M. El Tayebi, Molecular Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Gamal Abdelnasser Street, Main Entrance Al Tagamoa Al Khames, New Cairo, Cairo 11835, Egypt
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19
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Kiernan Y, O’Connor C, Ryan J, Murphy M. Oral health in patients with severe inflammatory dermatologic and rheumatologic disease. SKIN HEALTH AND DISEASE 2023; 3:e156. [PMID: 36751329 PMCID: PMC9892474 DOI: 10.1002/ski2.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Background Poor oral health (OH) is a risk factor for systemic disease and lower quality of life (QoL). Patients with inflammatory dermatologic/rheumatologic diseases report more oral discomfort, dry mouth, and periodontal disease than controls. Medications used to treat these conditions can also adversely affect OH. Objectives The aim was to assess the OH of patients with chronic inflammatory dermatologic/rheumatologic diseases treated with systemic/biologic therapy, compared to controls. Methods Patients with chronic inflammatory dermatologic/rheumatologic diseases treated with systemic/biologic therapy were recruited from outpatient clinics across two university hospitals. All patients had a standardized World Health Organisation OH assessment performed consisting of an OH exam and questionnaire. Age- and sex-matched controls without chronic inflammatory disease were recruited from a pigmented lesion clinic. Charts of patients with chronic inflammatory dermatologic/rheumatologic diseases were reviewed to assess OH documentation. Results One hundred patients were examined (50 cases and 50 controls). Patients with inflammatory dermatologic/rheumatologic diseases (cases) had poorer periodontal status (mean loss of attachment 6.9 mm vs. 1.9 mm controls, p = 0.01), more missing teeth (mean 7.7 vs. 4.4 controls, p = 0.029), more dry mouth (82% vs. 20% controls, p = 0.001), and less frequent tooth brushing (60% vs. 80% controls, p = 0.037). Of 250 patient charts which were reviewed, 98.4% (n = 246) had no documentation of OH. Conclusion Patients with severe inflammatory dermatologic/rheumatologic conditions have poorer OH and OH-related QoL. Clinicians should appreciate the risk of poor OH in this cohort and have a low threshold for involving OH professionals in care pathways for severe inflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Kiernan
- Department of MedicineUniversity College CorkCorkIreland
| | - Cathal O’Connor
- Department of MedicineUniversity College CorkCorkIreland
- Department of DermatologySouth Infirmary Victoria University HospitalCorkIreland
| | - John Ryan
- Department of MedicineUniversity College CorkCorkIreland
- Department of RheumatologyCork University HospitalCorkIreland
| | - Michelle Murphy
- Department of MedicineUniversity College CorkCorkIreland
- Department of DermatologySouth Infirmary Victoria University HospitalCorkIreland
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20
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Munoz-Torres JR, Martínez-González SB, Lozano-Luján AD, Martínez-Vázquez MC, Velasco-Elizondo P, Garza-Veloz I, Martinez-Fierro ML. Biological properties and surgical applications of the human amniotic membrane. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 10:1067480. [PMID: 36698632 PMCID: PMC9868191 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1067480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The amniotic membrane (AM) is the inner part of the placenta. It has been used therapeutically for the last century. The biological proprieties of AM include immunomodulatory, anti-scarring, anti-microbial, pro or anti-angiogenic (surface dependent), and tissue growth promotion. Because of these, AM is a functional tissue for the treatment of different pathologies. The AM is today part of the treatment for various conditions such as wounds, ulcers, burns, adhesions, and skin injury, among others, with surgical resolution. This review focuses on the current surgical areas, including gynecology, plastic surgery, gastrointestinal, traumatology, neurosurgery, and ophthalmology, among others, that use AM as a therapeutic option to increase the success rate of surgical procedures. Currently there are articles describing the mechanisms of action of AM, some therapeutic implications and the use in surgeries of specific surgical areas, this prevents knowing the therapeutic response of AM when used in surgeries of different organs or tissues. Therefore, we described the use of AM in various surgical specialties along with the mechanisms of action, helping to improve the understanding of the therapeutic targets and achieving an adequate perspective of the surgical utility of AM with a particular emphasis on regenerative medicine.
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Rawat K, Syeda S, Shrivastava A. A novel role of Tinospora cordifolia in amelioration of cancer-induced systemic deterioration by taming neutrophil infiltration and hyperactivation. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 108:154488. [PMID: 36240606 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer has emerged as a systemic disease which targets various organs thus challenging the overall physiology of the host. Recently, we have shown that hyperactive neutrophils infiltrate various organs of tumor bearing host and contribute to gradual systemic deterioration. Therefore, taming neutrophils via potent immunomodulators could be an appropriate therapeutic approach in regulating systemic damage. Tinospora cordifolia (TC), an Ayurvedic panacea, is known for its immense medicinal values in traditional literature and recent reports have also documented its immunomodulatory potential. However, whether TC can regulate neutrophils to exert its therapeutic effectiveness has not been deciphered so far. METHODS For the in vivo study, we utilized murine model of Dalton's Lymphoma (DL). T. cordifolia extract (TCE) treatment was scheduled at early, mid and advanced stages of tumor growth at a dose of 400 mg/kg b.w for 30 consecutive days. Effect of TCE on neutrophil infiltration was examined by immunostaining. Neutrophil elastase (NE) level in serum, ascitic fluid and various tissues was monitored by ELISA. Further, qPCR was performed to assess transcripts levels of NE, myeloperoxidase (MPO), metalloproteinases (MMP-8, MMP-9) and cathepsin G (CSTG) in various tissues. ROS level in tissue was assessed by DHE staining and organ function was assessed by histology post TCE treatment. RESULTS Our findings showed that TC treatment significantly reduced neutrophil count in peripheral blood and their infiltration in vital organs of tumor-bearing host. Further, it ameliorated neutrophil hyperactivation by down regulating the expression of its key cargoes including NE, MPO, MMP-8, MMP-9 and CSTG at early and mid stage of tumor growth. In addition, TC treatment prevented histopathological alterations and restored the normal serum enzyme levels at different stages of tumor growth. Importantly, TC treatment also showed significant reduction in tumor burden which was accompanied by a remarkable increase in survival of the tumor-bearing mice. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that T. cordifolia could limit systemic damage via regulating neutrophil infiltration and hyperactivation which can further lead to cancer control at both prophylactic and therapeutic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Rawat
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Saima Syeda
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Anju Shrivastava
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India.
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22
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Taşlı PN. Usage of celery root exosome as an immune suppressant; Lipidomic characterization of apium graveolens originated exosomes and its suppressive effect on PMA/ionomycin mediated CD4 + T lymphocyte activation. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14393. [PMID: 36181394 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Diseases such as autoimmune, cancer, neurodegenerative diseases or obesity have a serious impact on the lives of patients all rise from a common point; the immune system. Various in vitro and in vivo studies on regulating the immune system have been made to correct these diseases. As one of the key effector cells of the immune system, T lymphocytes are the focus of many of these studies. In this study, exosomes isolated from a known anti-inflammatory plant, celery, were used to suppress the inflammatory response of T lymphocytes. Celery-derived exosomes (C-Exo) were isolated using an aqueous two-phase isolation method. The size distribution, morphology, particle concentration, and GC-FAME-based lipidomic analysis were determined for the isolated C-Exo. T lymphocytes were stimulated using Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)/ionomycin, and treated with various doses of C-Exo. T lymphocyte responses were measured using qPCR and capillary Western blots. According to the results, C-Exo suppressed T lymphocytes in a dose-dependent manner in in vitro conditions. These findings show the potential of C-Exo as a therapeutic agent for immune disorders. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Excessive immune response in the body adversely affects the treatment mechanism and process of many diseases such as autoimmune disorders, neurodegenerative diseases and GDHV. In this preliminary study, the role of extracellular vesicles obtained from celery roots in suppressing this high immune response was investigated. The suppressive effect of celery exosome was observed by creating an immune response in T cells and PBMC cells, which play a leading role in the immune response. The role of these vesicles in immune suppression, obtained from the root part of the celery plant and characterized, was determined by measuring both mRNA, intracellular protein and extracellular cytokine levels. Celery exosome suppressed activated T lymphocyte cells and PBMC cells in a dose-dependent manner. These vesicles, which can be used as an edible, can be used in many areas as immunosuppressants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pakize Neslihan Taşlı
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Hasan S, Awasthi P, Malik S, Dwivedi M. Immunotherapeutic strategies to induce inflection in the immune response: therapy for cancer and COVID-19. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2022:1-40. [PMID: 36411974 DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2022.2147661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Cancer has agonized the human race for millions of years. The present decade witnesses biological therapeutics to combat cancer effectively. Cancer Immunotherapy involves the use of therapeutics for manipulation of the immune system by immune agents like cytokines, vaccines, and transfection agents. Recently, this therapeutic approach has got vast attention due to the current pandemic COVID-19 and has been very effective. Concerning cancer, immunotherapy is based on the activation of the host's antitumor response by enhancing effector cell number and the production of soluble mediators, thereby reducing the host's suppressor mechanisms by induction of a tumour killing environment and by modulating immune checkpoints. In the present era, immunotherapies have gained traction and momentum as a pedestal of cancer treatment, improving the prognosis of many patients with a wide variety of haematological and solid malignancies. Food supplements, natural immunomodulatory drugs, and phytochemicals, with recent developments, have shown positive trends in cancer treatment by improving the immune system. The current review presents the systematic studies on major immunotherapeutics and their development for the effective treatment of cancers as well as in COVID-19. The focus of the review is to highlight comparative analytics of existing and novel immunotherapies in cancers, concerning immunomodulatory drugs and natural immunosuppressants, including immunotherapy in COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Hasan
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow, India
| | - Prankur Awasthi
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow, India
| | - Sumira Malik
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Manish Dwivedi
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow, India
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24
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Jiang W, Ren K, Yang Z, Fang Z, Li Y, Xiang X, Song Y. Purification, Identification and Molecular Docking of Immunomodulatory Peptides from the Heads of Litopenaeus vannamei. Foods 2022; 11:3309. [PMID: 37431056 PMCID: PMC9602407 DOI: 10.3390/foods11203309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to realize the high-value utilization of Litopenaeus vannamei (L. vannamei) heads, immunomodulatory peptides were prepared from the enzymatic hydrolysate of L. vannamei heads, and the action mechanism of immunomodulatory peptides was determined by molecular docking. The results showed that six proteases were used to hydrolyze L. vannamei head proteins, with the animal protease hydrolysate exhibiting the highest macrophage relative proliferation rate (MRPR). The enzymatic products were then sequentially purified by ultrafiltration, Sephadex G-15 gel chromatography, identified by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), and finally selected for six immunomodulatory peptides (PSPFPYFT, SAGFPEGF, GPQGPPGH, QGF, PGMR, and WQR). These peptides maintained good immune activity under heat treatment, pH treatment, and in vitro gastrointestinal digestion. Molecular docking analysis indicated that these peptides showed great binding to both toll-like receptor 2 and 4 (TLR2 and TLR4/MD-2), leading to immunomodulation. The discarded L. vannamei heads in this article are considered to be promising food-borne immunomodulators that contribute to enhancing the immune function of the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Jiang
- College of Food Science & Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Keyu Ren
- College of Food Science & Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Zhiyan Yang
- College of Food Science & Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Zhou Fang
- College of Food Science & Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Yan Li
- College of Food Science & Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Xi Xiang
- College of Food Science & Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Yishan Song
- College of Food Science & Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- National R&D Branch Center for Freshwater Aquatic Products Processing Technology (Shanghai), Shanghai 201306, China
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Ashraf H, Solla P, Sechi LA. Current Advancement of Immunomodulatory Drugs as Potential Pharmacotherapies for Autoimmunity Based Neurological Diseases. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15091077. [PMID: 36145298 PMCID: PMC9504155 DOI: 10.3390/ph15091077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dramatic advancement has been made in recent decades to understand the basis of autoimmunity-mediated neurological diseases. These diseases create a strong influence on the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS), leading to various clinical manifestations and numerous symptoms. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most prevalent autoimmune neurological disease while NMO spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is less common. Furthermore, evidence supports the presence of autoimmune mechanisms contributing to the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), which is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the progressive death of motor neurons. Additionally, autoimmunity is believed to be involved in the basis of Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases. In recent years, the prevalence of autoimmune-based neurological disorders has been elevated and current findings strongly suggest the role of pharmacotherapies in controlling the progression of autoimmune diseases. Therefore, this review focused on the current advancement of immunomodulatory drugs as novel approaches in the management of autoimmune neurological diseases and their future outlook.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajra Ashraf
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Paolo Solla
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Leonardo Atonio Sechi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
- Complex Structure of Microbology and Virology, AOU Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
- Correspondence:
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26
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Novel approaches for the treatment of infections due to multidrug-resistant bacterial pathogens. Future Med Chem 2022; 14:1133-1148. [PMID: 35861021 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2022-0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR), which is a major challenge for global healthcare, emerging because of several reasons including overpopulation, increased global migration and selection pressure due to enhanced use of antibiotics. Antibiotics are the widely used therapeutic options to combat infectious diseases; however, unfortunately, inadequate and irregular antibiotic courses are also major contributing factors in the emergence of AMR. Additionally, persistent failure to develop and commercialize new antibiotics has created the scarcity of effective anti-infective drugs. Thus, there is an urgent need for a new class of antimicrobials and other novel approaches to curb the menace of AMR. Besides the conventional approaches, some novel approaches such as the use of antimicrobial peptides, bacteriophages, immunomodulation, host-directed therapy and antibodies have shown really promising potentials.
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Al Safi MA, Rashid HM, Afifi FU, Talib WH. Gaz Alafi: A Traditional Dessert in the Middle East With Anticancer, Immunomodulatory, and Antimicrobial Activities. Front Nutr 2022; 9:900506. [PMID: 35845806 PMCID: PMC9283951 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.900506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundFrom the earliest times, manna has been widely used as a tasty local sweet or folk medicine. The type of manna being investigated in the present study is called Gaz-alafi, a mixture of insect and Quercus brantii leaves secretions from oak forests in the north of Iraq and west of Iran.MethodsAqueous and ethanol extracts were prepared as decoction. Various phytochemical tests were conducted to analyze manna composition, including total phenolic contents using the Folin-Ciocalteu method and LC-MS. Gallic acid and catechin were detected in both extracts, in addition to tiliroside presence in ethanol extract, which added more value to the phenolic content of ethanol extract. Cytotoxic activities of Gaz alafi were evaluated against breast cancer cell lines and compared to normal cell lines and doxorubicin using the MTT assay. Antimicrobial properties were assessed against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, and Candida albicans using the dilution method of the micro-titer plate. Serum levels of IFN-γ, interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-4 (IL-4), and interleukin-10 (IL-10) were measured using ELISA. The effect of extracts on splenocyte proliferation was evaluated using the lymphocytes proliferation assay. Macrophage function was evaluated using the nitro blue tetrazolium assay, whereas pinocytosis was evaluated using the neutral red uptake assay. Ten days after tumor inoculation, changes in tumor size, survival rates, levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and creatinine were measured.ResultsThe growth of cancer cells was inhibited by Gaz alafi ethanol extract. An alteration in IFN- γ, IL-2, and IL-4 levels toward antiproliferation immune response were reported for both extracts. The aqueous extract efficiently stimulated lymphocyte proliferation, phagocytosis, and pinocytosis, followed by the ethanol extracts with moderate activity. After treating the mice with ethanol extracts, a significant reduction in tumor size and several undetected tumors were recorded.ConclusionsGaz alafi extracts (aqueous and ethanol) are promising sources for anticancer and immunostimulatory agents. Further studies are needed to fully identify the chemical composition of Gaz alafi extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meena A. Al Safi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Hasan M. Rashid
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Fatma U. Afifi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Wamidh H. Talib
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
- *Correspondence: Wamidh H. Talib
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Wang R, Horwich P, Sandulache VC, Hernandez DJ, Hornig J, Graboyes EM, Liou NE, Skoner J, Haskins AD, Ranasinghe V, Day TA, Sturgis EM, Huang AT. Safety of microvascular free tissue transfer reconstruction of the head and neck in the setting of chronic pharmacologic immunosuppression. Head Neck 2022; 44:1520-1527. [PMID: 35437907 DOI: 10.1002/hed.27049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients on chronic pharmacologic immunosuppressive therapy are at increased risk of wound infection and complications after surgery. There is a paucity of data examining perioperative complications after microvascular free tissue transfer (MVFTT) reconstruction of the head and neck in this patient population. METHODS Retrospective cohort study performed at two tertiary referral centers between August 2016 and May 2020. RESULTS Nine hundred and seventy-nine patients underwent MVFTT during the study period; of these 47 (5%) patients were taking chronic immunosuppressive medications. The most common indications for immunosuppression were solid organ transplant and autoimmune disease. Fourteen (30%) patients had surgical complications within 30 days of surgery: 8 (17%) wound dehiscences, 6 (12%) hematomas, and 2 (4%) surgical site infections. There was one total and one partial flap failure with a 30-day reoperation rate of 4%. CONCLUSIONS MVFTT of the head and neck appears to be safe in patients on chronic pharmacologic immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ray Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Peter Horwich
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Vlad C Sandulache
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - David J Hernandez
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Joshua Hornig
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Evan M Graboyes
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.,Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Nelson E Liou
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Judith Skoner
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Angela D Haskins
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Viran Ranasinghe
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Terry A Day
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Erich M Sturgis
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Andrew T Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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Immunoenhancement Effects of the Herbal Formula Hemomine on Cyclophosphamide-Induced Immunosuppression in Mice. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12104935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Hemomine is an herbal blend comprising Angelicae Gigantis Radix and other herbs known to have immunomodulatory effects. We examined the immunopotentiating effect of this herbal blend on cyclophosphamide (CPA)-induced immunosuppression. Male mice were assigned to one of six groups: the intact control and five CPA treatment groups (one control, one reference (β-glucan), and three with the application of hemomine at different concentrations; 4, 2, or 1 mL/kg; n = 10 per group). Mice were injected with CPA to induce myelosuppression and immunosuppression, after which they received one of the experimental treatments. In immunosuppressed mice, hemomine treatment alleviated the noticeable reductions in body, spleen, and submandibular lymph node weights caused by CPA; caused changes in hematological markers; induced the reduced levels of serum IFN-γ and spleen TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-10 by CPA; improved natural killer cell activities in the spleen and peritoneal cavity; and also improved lymphoid organ atrophy in a dose-dependent manner. We demonstrate that hemomine, a mixture of six immunomodulatory herbs, is an effective immunomodulatory agent, with the potential to enhance immunity.
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Han NR, Kim KC, Kim JS, Ko SG, Park HJ, Moon PD. A mixture of Panax ginseng and Scrophularia buergeriana improves immune function in an immunosuppressed murine model. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 99:153984. [PMID: 35189478 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.153984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunomodulatory drugs are currently used for immunosuppressed individuals, but adverse side effects have been reported. Although Panax ginseng and Scrophularia buergeriana are known to have respective pharmacological properties, the potential of a mixture of Panax ginseng and Scrophularia buergeriana (Isam-Tang, IST) as an immunomodulatory drug has not yet been studied. PURPOSE The present study was designed to assess the immunomodulatory activity of IST and p-coumaric acid (pCA), an active compound of IST, in the immune system. METHODS The levels of immunostimulatory cytokines, nitrite, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), NF-kB activation, and proliferation were examined in RAW264.7 cells, primary splenocytes and splenic NK cells isolated from normal mouse spleen, and in cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressed mice using ELISA, quantitative real-time PCR, Western blotting, and immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS IST or pCA treatment increased the production of immunostimulatory cytokines and nitrite and the expression of iNOS in RAW264.7 cells and splenocytes. IST or pCA also induced NF-κB signaling activation and promoted the phagocytic activity of RAW264.7 cells. In addition, the splenocyte proliferation and splenic NK activity were enhanced by IST or pCA. IST or pCA increased the levels of immunostimulatory cytokines in immunosuppressed mice and ameliorated splenic tissue damage. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that IST supplementation may be used to enhance immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na-Ra Han
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea; Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyeoung-Cheol Kim
- Majors in Plant Resource and Environment, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, SARI, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, South Korea
| | - Ju-Sung Kim
- Majors in Plant Resource and Environment, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, SARI, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, South Korea
| | - Seong-Gyu Ko
- Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hi-Joon Park
- Department of Anatomy & Information Sciences, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Phil-Dong Moon
- Center for Converging Humanities, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea.
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Ahmad HI, Jabbar A, Mushtaq N, Javed Z, Hayyat MU, Bashir J, Naseeb I, Abideen ZU, Ahmad N, Chen J. Immune Tolerance vs. Immune Resistance: The Interaction Between Host and Pathogens in Infectious Diseases. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:827407. [PMID: 35425833 PMCID: PMC9001959 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.827407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system is most likely developed to reduce the harmful impact of infections on the host homeostasis. This defense approach is based on the coordinated activity of innate and adaptive immune system components, which detect and target infections for containment, killing, or expulsion by the body's defense mechanisms. These immunological processes are responsible for decreasing the pathogen burden of an infected host to maintain homeostasis that is considered to be infection resistance. Immune-driven resistance to infection is connected with a second, and probably more important, defensive mechanism: it helps to minimize the amount of dysfunction imposed on host parenchymal tissues during infection without having a direct adverse effect on pathogens. Disease tolerance is a defensive approach that relies on tissue damage control systems to prevent infections from causing harm to the host. It also uncouples immune-driven resistance mechanisms from immunopathology and disease, allowing the body to fight infection more effectively. This review discussed the cellular and molecular processes that build disease tolerance to infection and the implications of innate immunity on those systems. In addition, we discuss how symbiotic relationships with microbes and their control by particular components of innate and adaptive immunity alter disease tolerance to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafiz Ishfaq Ahmad
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
- *Correspondence: Hafiz Ishfaq Ahmad
| | - Abdul Jabbar
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Nadia Mushtaq
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries and Wildlife, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Zainab Javed
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Umar Hayyat
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Javaria Bashir
- Department of Medical Sciences, Sharif Medical and Dental Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Iqra Naseeb
- Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Zain Ul Abideen
- Department of Zoology, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan
| | - Nisar Ahmad
- Department of Livestock Management, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pattoki, Pakistan
| | - Jinping Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Jinping Chen
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Han NR, Kim KC, Kim JS, Ko SG, Park HJ, Moon PD. The immune-enhancing effects of a mixture of Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bunge, Angelica gigas Nakai, and Trichosanthes Kirilowii (Maxim.) or its active constituent nodakenin. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 285:114893. [PMID: 34875347 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE A mixture (SH003) of Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bunge, Angelica gigas Nakai, and Trichosanthes Kirilowii (Maxim.) has beneficial effects against several carcinomas. There have been few reports on an immune-enhancing activity of SH003 and its active constituent nodakenin. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed at identifying the immune-enhancing effect of SH003 and nodakenin. MATERIALS AND METHODS The immune-enhancing effect was evaluated using RAW264.7 macrophages, mouse primary splenocytes, and a cyclophosphamide (CP)-induced immunosuppression murine model. RESULTS The results show that SH003 or nodakenin stimulated the production levels of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, IL-12, IL-2, IL-6, TNF-α, and nitric oxide (NO) and the expression levels of iNOS in RAW264.7 macrophages. SH003 or nodakenin also enhanced NF-κB p65 activation in RAW264.7 macrophages. SH003 or nodakenin stimulated the production levels of IFN-γ, IL-12, IL-2, TNF-α, and NO and the expression levels of iNOS in splenocytes. SH003 or nodakenin increased the splenic lymphocyte proliferation and splenic NK cell activity. In addition, SH003 or nodakenin increased the levels of IFN-γ, IL-12, IL-2, IL-6, and TNF-α in the serum and spleen of CP-treated mice, alleviating CP-induced immunosuppression. CONCLUSION Taken together, the results of this study show that SH003 improved immunosuppression through the activation of macrophages, splenocytes, and NK cells. These findings suggest that SH003 could be applied as a potential immunostimulatory agent for a variety of diseases caused or exacerbated by immunodeficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na-Ra Han
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea; Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyeoung-Cheol Kim
- Majors in Plant Resource and Environment, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, SARI, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ju-Sung Kim
- Majors in Plant Resource and Environment, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, SARI, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seong-Gyu Ko
- Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea; Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hi-Joon Park
- Department of Anatomy & Information Sciences, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
| | - Phil-Dong Moon
- Center for Converging Humanities, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
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Pavletić B, Runzheimer K, Siems K, Koch S, Cortesão M, Ramos-Nascimento A, Moeller R. Spaceflight Virology: What Do We Know about Viral Threats in the Spaceflight Environment? ASTROBIOLOGY 2022; 22:210-224. [PMID: 34981957 PMCID: PMC8861927 DOI: 10.1089/ast.2021.0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Viruses constitute a significant part of the human microbiome, so wherever humans go, viruses are brought with them, even on space missions. In this mini review, we focus on the International Space Station (ISS) as the only current human habitat in space that has a diverse range of viral genera that infect microorganisms from bacteria to eukaryotes. Thus, we have reviewed the literature on the physical conditions of space habitats that have an impact on both virus transmissibility and interaction with their host, which include UV radiation, ionizing radiation, humidity, and microgravity. Also, we briefly comment on the practices used on space missions that reduce virus spread, that is, use of antimicrobial surfaces, spacecraft sterilization practices, and air filtration. Finally, we turn our attention to the health threats that viruses pose to space travel. Overall, even though efforts are taken to ensure safe conditions during human space travel, for example, preflight quarantines of astronauts, we reflect on the potential risks humans might be exposed to and how those risks might be aggravated in extraterrestrial habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Pavletić
- German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Radiation Biology Department, Aerospace Microbiology Research Group, Linder Hoehe, Cologne (Köln), Germany
| | - Katharina Runzheimer
- German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Radiation Biology Department, Aerospace Microbiology Research Group, Linder Hoehe, Cologne (Köln), Germany
| | - Katharina Siems
- German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Radiation Biology Department, Aerospace Microbiology Research Group, Linder Hoehe, Cologne (Köln), Germany
| | - Stella Koch
- German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Radiation Biology Department, Aerospace Microbiology Research Group, Linder Hoehe, Cologne (Köln), Germany
| | - Marta Cortesão
- German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Radiation Biology Department, Aerospace Microbiology Research Group, Linder Hoehe, Cologne (Köln), Germany
| | - Ana Ramos-Nascimento
- German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Radiation Biology Department, Aerospace Microbiology Research Group, Linder Hoehe, Cologne (Köln), Germany
| | - Ralf Moeller
- German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Radiation Biology Department, Aerospace Microbiology Research Group, Linder Hoehe, Cologne (Köln), Germany
- Address correspondence to: Ralf Moeller, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Radiation Biology Department, Aerospace Microbiology, Linder Hoehe, Building 24, Room 104, D-51147 Köln, Germany
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Bisht D, Rashid M, Arya RKK, Kumar D, Chaudhary SK, Rana VS, Sethiya NK. Revisiting liquorice ( Glycyrrhiza glabra L.) as anti-inflammatory, antivirals and immunomodulators: Potential pharmacological applications with mechanistic insight. PHYTOMEDICINE PLUS : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 2:100206. [PMID: 35403088 PMCID: PMC8683220 DOI: 10.1016/j.phyplu.2021.100206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glycyrrhiza glabra L. (G. glabra) commonly known as liquorice is one of the highly exploited and utilized medicinal plant of the world. Since ancient times liquorice is considered as an auspicious and valuable traditional medicine across the world for treatment of various ailments. METHOD Several electronic online scientific databases such as Science Direct, PubMed, Scopus, Scifinder, Google Scholar, online books and reports were assessed for collecting information. All the collected information was classified into different sections to meet the objective of the paper. RESULTS The electronic database search yielded 3908 articles from different countries. Out of them one ninety-eight articles published between 1956 and 2021 were included, corresponding to all detailed review on G. glabra and research on anti-inflammatories, antivirals and immunomodulatory through pre-clinical and clinical models. From all selective area of studies on G. glabra and its bioactive components it was established (including molecular mechanisms) as a suitable remedy as per the current requirement of pandemic situation arise through respiratory tract infection. CONCLUSION Different relevant studies have been thoroughly reviewed to gain an insight on utility of liquorice and its bioactive constituents for anti-inflammatories, antivirals and immunomodulatory effects with special emphasized for prevention and treatment of COVID-19 infection with possible mechanism of action at molecular level. Proposed directions for future research are also outlined to encourage researchers to find out various mechanistic targets and useful value added products of liquorice in future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dheeraj Bisht
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sir J. C. Bose Technical Campus Bhimtal, Kumaun University Nainital, Uttarakhand, 263136, India
| | - Mohmmad Rashid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Dentistry and Pharmacy, Buraydah Colleges, Al-Qassim, 31717, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rajeshwar Kamal Kant Arya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sir J. C. Bose Technical Campus Bhimtal, Kumaun University Nainital, Uttarakhand, 263136, India
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173 229, India
| | | | - Vijay Singh Rana
- Faculty of Pharmacy, DIT University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248009, India
| | - Neeraj K Sethiya
- Faculty of Pharmacy, DIT University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248009, India
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Murugesu S, Selamat J, Perumal V. Phytochemistry, Pharmacological Properties, and Recent Applications of Ficus benghalensis and Ficus religiosa. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:2749. [PMID: 34961220 PMCID: PMC8707271 DOI: 10.3390/plants10122749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Ficus is one of the largest genera in the plant kingdom that belongs to the Moraceae family. This review aimed to summarize the medicinal uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacological actions of two major species from this genus, namely Ficus benghalensis and Ficus religiosa. These species can be found abundantly in most Asian countries, including Malaysia. The chemical analysis report has shown that Ficus species contained a wide range of phytoconstituents, including phenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, terpenoids, glycosides, sugar, protein, essential and volatile oils, and steroids. Existing studies on the pharmacological functions have revealed that the observed Ficus species possessed a broad range of biological properties, including antioxidants, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antitumor and antiproliferative, antimutagenic, antimicrobial, anti-helminthic, hepatoprotective, wound healing, anticoagulant, immunomodulatory activities, antistress, toxicity studies, and mosquitocidal effects. Apart from the plant parts and their extracts, the endophytes residing in these host plants were discussed as well. This study also includes the recent applications of the Ficus species and their plant parts, mainly in the nanotechnology field. Various search engines and databases were used to obtain the scientific findings, including Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, PMC, Research Gate, and Scopus. Overall, the review discusses the therapeutic potentials discovered in recent times and highlights the research gaps for prospective research work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suganya Murugesu
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security (ITAFoS), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Jinap Selamat
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security (ITAFoS), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Vikneswari Perumal
- Faculty of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, University of Kuala Lumpur Royal College of Medicine Perak, Ipoh 30450, Perak, Malaysia;
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Chung KS, Choi JW, Shin JS, Kim SY, Han HS, Kim SY, Lee KY, Kang JY, Cho CW, Hong HD, Rhee YK, Lee KT. Strain-Specific Identification and In Vivo Immunomodulatory Activity of Heat-Killed Latilactobacillus sakei K040706. Foods 2021; 10:foods10123034. [PMID: 34945585 PMCID: PMC8701173 DOI: 10.3390/foods10123034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that the immunostimulatory activity of heat-killed Latilactobacillus sakei K040706 in macrophages and cyclophosphamide (CTX)-treated mice. However, identification of heat-killed L. sakei K040706 (heat-killed LS06) using a validated method is not yet reported. Further, the underlying molecular mechanisms for its immunostimulatory effects in CTX-induced immunosuppressed mice remain unknown. In this study, we developed strain-specific genetic markers to detect heat-killed L. sakei LS06. The lower detection limit of the validated primer set was 2.1 × 105 colony forming units (CFU)/mL for the heat-killed LS06 assay. Moreover, oral administration of heat-killed LS06 (108 or 109 CFU/day, p.o.) effectively improved the body loss, thymus index, natural killer cell activity, granzyme B production, and T and B cell proliferation in CTX-treated mice. In addition, heat-killed LS06 enhanced CTX-reduced immune-related cytokine (interferon-γ, interleukin (IL)-2, and IL-12) production and mRNA expression. Heat-killed LS06 also recovered CTX-altered microbiota composition, including the phylum levels of Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria and the family levels of Muribaculaceae, Prevotellaceae, Tannerellaceae, Christensenellaceae, Gracilibacteraceae, and Hungateiclostridiaceae. In conclusion, since heat-killed L. sakei K040706 ameliorated CTX-induced immunosuppression and modulated gut microbiota composition, they have the potential to be used in functional foods for immune regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Sook Chung
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (K.-S.C.); (J.-S.S.); (S.-Y.K.); (H.-S.H.); (S.-Y.K.); (K.-Y.L.)
| | - Jae Woong Choi
- Korea Food Research Institute, 245, Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun 55365, Jeollabuk-do, Korea; (J.W.C.); (C.-W.C.); (H.-D.H.)
| | - Ji-Sun Shin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (K.-S.C.); (J.-S.S.); (S.-Y.K.); (H.-S.H.); (S.-Y.K.); (K.-Y.L.)
| | - Seo-Yeon Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (K.-S.C.); (J.-S.S.); (S.-Y.K.); (H.-S.H.); (S.-Y.K.); (K.-Y.L.)
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Hee-Soo Han
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (K.-S.C.); (J.-S.S.); (S.-Y.K.); (H.-S.H.); (S.-Y.K.); (K.-Y.L.)
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Su-Yeon Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (K.-S.C.); (J.-S.S.); (S.-Y.K.); (H.-S.H.); (S.-Y.K.); (K.-Y.L.)
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Kwang-Young Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (K.-S.C.); (J.-S.S.); (S.-Y.K.); (H.-S.H.); (S.-Y.K.); (K.-Y.L.)
| | - Joo-Yeon Kang
- NOVAREX Co., Ltd., 94, Gangni 1-gil, Ochang-eup, Cheongwon-gu, Cheongju-si 363-885, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea;
| | - Chang-Won Cho
- Korea Food Research Institute, 245, Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun 55365, Jeollabuk-do, Korea; (J.W.C.); (C.-W.C.); (H.-D.H.)
| | - Hee-Do Hong
- Korea Food Research Institute, 245, Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun 55365, Jeollabuk-do, Korea; (J.W.C.); (C.-W.C.); (H.-D.H.)
| | - Young Kyoung Rhee
- Korea Food Research Institute, 245, Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun 55365, Jeollabuk-do, Korea; (J.W.C.); (C.-W.C.); (H.-D.H.)
- Correspondence: (Y.K.R.); (K.-T.L.); Tel.: +82-63-219-9319 (Y.K.R.); +82-2-961-0860 (K.-T.L.)
| | - Kyung-Tae Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (K.-S.C.); (J.-S.S.); (S.-Y.K.); (H.-S.H.); (S.-Y.K.); (K.-Y.L.)
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
- Correspondence: (Y.K.R.); (K.-T.L.); Tel.: +82-63-219-9319 (Y.K.R.); +82-2-961-0860 (K.-T.L.)
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You L, Cha S, Kim MY, Cho JY. Ginsenosides are active ingredients in Panax ginseng with immunomodulatory properties from cellular to organismal levels. J Ginseng Res 2021; 46:711-721. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2021.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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The antimicrobial and immunomodulatory effects of Ionophores for the treatment of human infection. J Inorg Biochem 2021; 227:111661. [PMID: 34896767 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Ionophores are a diverse class of synthetic and naturally occurring ion transporter compounds which demonstrate both direct and in-direct antimicrobial properties against a broad panel of bacterial, fungal, viral and parasitic pathogens. In addition, ionophores can regulate the host-immune response during communicable and non-communicable disease states. Although the clinical use of ionophores such as Amphotericin B, Bedaquiline and Ivermectin highlight the utility of ionophores in modern medicine, for many other ionophore compounds issues surrounding toxicity, bioavailability or lack of in vivo efficacy studies have hindered clinical development. The antimicrobial and immunomodulating properties of a range of compounds with characteristics of ionophores remain largely unexplored. As such, ionophores remain a latent therapeutic avenue to address both the global burden of antimicrobial resistance, and the unmet clinical need for new antimicrobial therapies. This review will provide an overview of the broad-spectrum antimicrobial and immunomodulatory properties of ionophores, and their potential uses in clinical medicine for combatting infection.
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Tripathy S, Singh N, Singh A, Kar SK. COVID-19 and Psychotic Symptoms: the View from Psychiatric Immunology. Curr Behav Neurosci Rep 2021; 8:172-178. [PMID: 34631364 PMCID: PMC8487803 DOI: 10.1007/s40473-021-00235-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of Review To explore the immunological underpinnings of psychosis in the COVID-19 patients. Recent Findings COVID-19 pandemic led to a surge in psychiatric morbidities, including psychosis. Various putative biological and psychosocial changes have been implicated in COVID-19-related psychosis. COVID-19 is a proinflammatory state. Alterations in immunological processes both as a direct consequence of infection or secondary to the hyperimmune response heuristically explain the etiopathogenesis of psychosis in the affected individual. The uses of immunosuppressant and immunomodulatory drugs may be the other moderators of a psychotic presentation in COVID-19 patients. Evidence to substantiate this hypothesis is still lacking however, which further studies should address. Because of its management implications, a better understanding of the involved immunological mechanisms becomes extremely important. Summary Evidence suggests a putative role of immunological alterations in the pathogenesis of COVID-19-related psychosis. The immunological abnormalities are primarily attributed to the pathophysiology of COVID-19 infection, medications used, and stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarvodaya Tripathy
- Department of Microbiology, M.K.C.G Medical College, Brahmapur, Ganjam, Odisha India
| | - Nitika Singh
- Department of Psychiatry, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, U.P India
| | - Amit Singh
- Department of Psychiatry, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, U.P India
| | - Sujita Kumar Kar
- Department of Psychiatry, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, U.P India
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Nash A, Aghlara-Fotovat S, Hernandez A, Scull C, Veiseh O. Clinical translation of immunomodulatory therapeutics. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 176:113896. [PMID: 34324885 PMCID: PMC8567306 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Immunomodulatory therapeutics represent a unique class of drug products that have tremendous potential to rebalance malfunctioning immune systems and are quickly becoming one of the fastest-growing areas in the pharmaceutical industry. For these drugs to become mainstream medicines, they must provide greater therapeutic benefit than the currently used treatments without causing severe toxicities. Immunomodulators, cell-based therapies, antibodies, and viral therapies have all achieved varying amounts of success in the treatment of cancers and/or autoimmune diseases. However, many challenges related to precision dosing, off-target effects, and manufacturing hurdles will need to be addressed before we see widespread adoption of these therapies in the clinic. This review provides a perspective on the progress of immunostimulatory and immunosuppressive therapies to date and discusses the opportunities and challenges for clinical translation of the next generation of immunomodulatory therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Nash
- Rice University, Department of Bioengineering, Houston TX, United States
| | | | - Andrea Hernandez
- Rice University, Department of Bioengineering, Houston TX, United States
| | | | - Omid Veiseh
- Rice University, Department of Bioengineering, Houston TX, United States.
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Ghasemi A, Akbari E, Imani R. An Overview of Engineered Hydrogel-Based Biomaterials for Improved β-Cell Survival and Insulin Secretion. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:662084. [PMID: 34513805 PMCID: PMC8427138 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.662084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Islet transplantation provides a promising strategy in treating type 1 diabetes as an autoimmune disease, in which damaged β-cells are replaced with new islets in a minimally invasive procedure. Although islet transplantation avoids the complications associated with whole pancreas transplantations, its clinical applications maintain significant drawbacks, including long-term immunosuppression, a lack of compatible donors, and blood-mediated inflammatory responses. Biomaterial-assisted islet transplantation is an emerging technology that embeds desired cells into biomaterials, which are then directly transplanted into the patient, overcoming the aforementioned challenges. Among various biomaterials, hydrogels are the preferred biomaterial of choice in these transplants due to their ECM-like structure and tunable properties. This review aims to present a comprehensive overview of hydrogel-based biomaterials that are engineered for encapsulation of insulin-secreting cells, focusing on new hydrogel design and modification strategies to improve β-cell viability, decrease inflammatory responses, and enhance insulin secretion. We will discuss the current status of clinical studies using therapeutic bioengineering hydrogels in insulin release and prospective approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rana Imani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran
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Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Based Therapy as an Alternative to the Treatment of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Current Evidence and Future Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22157850. [PMID: 34360616 PMCID: PMC8346146 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) represents a current challenge for medicine due to its incidence, morbidity and mortality and, also, the absence of an optimal treatment. The COVID-19 outbreak only increased the urgent demand for an affordable, safe and effective treatment for this process. Early clinical trials suggest the therapeutic usefulness of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in acute lung injury (ALI) and ARDS. MSC-based therapies show antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, regenerative, angiogenic, antifibrotic, anti-oxidative stress and anti-apoptotic actions, which can thwart the physiopathological mechanisms engaged in ARDS. In addition, MSC secretome and their derived products, especially exosomes, may reproduce the therapeutic effects of MSC in lung injury. This last strategy of treatment could avoid several safety issues potentially associated with the transplantation of living and proliferative cell populations and may be formulated in different forms. However, the following diverse limitations must be addressed: (i) selection of the optimal MSC, bearing in mind both the heterogeneity among donors and across different histological origins, (ii) massive obtention of these biological products through genetic manipulations of the most appropriate MSC, (iii) bioreactors that allow their growth in 3D, (iv) ideal culture conditions and (v) adequate functional testing of these obtaining biological products before their clinical application.
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Fountzilas E, Lampaki S, Koliou GA, Koumarianou A, Levva S, Vagionas A, Christopoulou A, Laloysis A, Psyrri A, Binas I, Mountzios G, Kentepozidis N, Kotsakis A, Saloustros E, Boutis A, Nikolaidi A, Fountzilas G, Georgoulias V, Chrysanthidis M, Kotteas E, Vo H, Tsiatas M, Res E, Linardou H, Daoussis D, Bompolaki I, Andreadou A, Papaxoinis G, Spyratos D, Gogas H, Syrigos KN, Bafaloukos D. Real-world safety and efficacy data of immunotherapy in patients with cancer and autoimmune disease: the experience of the Hellenic Cooperative Oncology Group. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2021; 71:327-337. [PMID: 34164709 PMCID: PMC8783878 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-021-02985-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data on the safety and efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) in patients with concurrent autoimmune diseases (AID) are limited. METHODS We performed a retrospective multicenter review of medical records of patients with cancer and underlying AID who received ICI. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS). RESULTS Among 123 patients with pre-existing AID who received ICI, the majority had been diagnosed with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC, 68.3%) and melanoma (14.6%). Most patients had a rheumatologic (43.9%), or an endocrine disorder (21.1%). Overall, 74 (60.2%) patients experienced an immune-related adverse event (irAE) after ICI initiation, AID flare (25.2%), or new irAE (35%). Frequent irAEs included thyroiditis, dermatitis and colitis. ICI was permanently discontinued due to unacceptable (8.1%) or fatal (0.8%) toxicity. In patients with NSCLC, corticosteroid treatment at the initiation of immunotherapy was associated with poor PFS (HR = 2.78, 95% CI 1.40-5.50, p = 0.003). The occurrence of irAE was associated with increased PFS (HR = 0.48, 95% CI 0.25-0.92, p = 0.026). Both parameters maintained their independent prognostic significance. CONCLUSIONS ICI in patients with cancer and pre-existing AID is associated with manageable toxicity that infrequently requires treatment discontinuation. However, since severe AID flare might occur, expected ICI efficacy and toxicity must be balanced. CLINICAL TRIAL IDENTIFIER NCT04805099.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Fountzilas
- Second Department of Medical Oncology, Euromedica General Clinic of Thessaloniki, Gravias 5, 54645, Thessaloniki, Greece. .,European University Cyprus, Engomi, Cyprus.
| | - Sofia Lampaki
- Pulmonary Department, Lung Cancer Oncology Unit, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, G. Papanicolaou Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Anna Koumarianou
- Hematology-Oncology Unit, Fourth Department of Internal Medicine, Attikon University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Sofia Levva
- Department of Medical Oncology, Bioclinic of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.,Department of Medical Oncology, Interbalkan Medical Center, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | | | | | - Amanda Psyrri
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Attikon University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Binas
- Second Department of Medical Oncology, Metropolitan Hospital, Piraeus, Greece
| | - Giannis Mountzios
- Fourth Department of Medical Oncology and Clinical Trials Unit, Henry Dunant Hospital Center, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Athanassios Kotsakis
- Department of Oncology, School of Health Sciences, University General Hospital of Larissa, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Emmanouil Saloustros
- Department of Oncology, School of Health Sciences, University General Hospital of Larissa, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Anastasios Boutis
- First Department of Clinical Oncology, Theagenio Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - George Fountzilas
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Hellenic Foundation for Cancer Research/Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.,Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.,German Oncology Center, Limassol, Cyprus
| | | | | | - Elias Kotteas
- Oncology Unit GPP, Sotiria General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Henry Vo
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Marinos Tsiatas
- Department of Oncology, Athens Medical Center, Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Res
- Third Department of Medical Oncology, Agii Anargiri Cancer Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Helena Linardou
- Fourth Oncology Department, Metropolitan Hospital, Piraeus, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Daoussis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Patras Medical School, Patras University Hospital, Rion, Greece
| | | | - Anna Andreadou
- Third Department of Medical Oncology, Theagenio Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - George Papaxoinis
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Agios Savvas Cancer Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Dionisios Spyratos
- Pulmonary Department, Lung Cancer Oncology Unit, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, G. Papanicolaou Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Helen Gogas
- First Department of Medicine, Laiko General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos N Syrigos
- Oncology Unit GPP, Sotiria General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
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Lima MC, Azevedo EAN, de Morais CNL, de Sousa LIO, Carvalho BM, da Silva IN, Franca RFO. The P-MAPA Immunomodulator Partially Prevents Apoptosis Induced by Zika Virus Infection in THP-1 Cells. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2021; 22:514-522. [PMID: 32484769 DOI: 10.2174/1389201021666200602140005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zika virus is an emerging arbovirus of global importance. ZIKV infection is associated with a range of neurological complications such as the Congenital Zika Syndrome and Guillain Barré Syndrome. Despite the magnitude of recent outbreaks, there is no specific therapy to prevent or to alleviate disease pathology. OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of P-MAPA immunomodulator in Zika-infected THP-1 cells. METHODS THP-1 cells were subjected to Zika virus infection (Multiplicity of Infection = 0.5) followed by treatment with P-MAPA for until 96 hours post-infection. After that, the cell death was analyzed by annexin+/ PI+ and caspase 3/ 7+ staining by flow cytometry. In addition, virus replication and cell proliferation were accessed by RT-qPCR and Ki67 staining, respectively. RESULTS We demonstrate that P-MAPA in vitro treatment significantly reduces Zika virus-induced cell death and caspase-3/7 activation on THP-1 infected cells, albeit it has no role in virus replication and cell proliferation. CONCLUSION Our study reveals that P-MAPA seems to be a satisfactory alternative to inhibit the effects of Zika virus infection in mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morganna C Lima
- Department of Virology and Experimental Therapy, Aggeu Magalhaes Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation/FIOCRUZ, Recife, Brazil
| | - Elisa A N Azevedo
- Department of Virology and Experimental Therapy, Aggeu Magalhaes Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation/FIOCRUZ, Recife, Brazil
| | - Clarice N L de Morais
- Department of Virology and Experimental Therapy, Aggeu Magalhaes Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation/FIOCRUZ, Recife, Brazil
| | | | - Bruno M Carvalho
- Biological Sciences Institute, Pernambuco University, Recife, Brazil
| | | | - Rafael F O Franca
- Department of Virology and Experimental Therapy, Aggeu Magalhaes Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation/FIOCRUZ, Recife, Brazil
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Kovachev SM. A Review on Inosine Pranobex Immunotherapy for Cervical HPV-Positive Patients. Infect Drug Resist 2021; 14:2039-2049. [PMID: 34103950 PMCID: PMC8180272 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s296709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this review was to examine and summarize data for inosine pranobex (IP) immunotherapy in cervical HPV-positive patients. Persistent or recurring cervical human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a major cause of cervical cancer. Self-clearance and blocking of cervical HPV infection depend on the status of the host immune system. Immunotherapy helps accelerate elimination of the infection. Host immunity is involved in the development of HPV infection. Several mechanisms of interaction between the virus and the immune system have been revealed; however, the mechanisms have not been completely elucidated. A properly functioning immune system impedes HPV progress and helps clear the pathogen from the body. IP has antiviral efficacy because it modulates both cellular and humoral immunities. IP has been on the market since 1971. Nevertheless, it has seldom been administered to treat cervical HPV infections. In this review, Google Scholar, PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Research Gate were searched for the period 1971–2021. Prospective controlled trials, observational and retrospective studies, and meta-analysis and reviews on immunotherapy against HPV cervical infection were explored. Prior studies showed strong clinical efficacy of combined and standalone IP therapy in reversing HPV-induced changes in the cervix, preventing disease progression, and clearing the pathogen. IP treatment enhanced host antiviral activity against HPV, delayed or stopped cervical oncogenesis, and rapidly removed HPV from the body.
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46
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Chemotherapy vs. Immunotherapy in combating nCOVID19: An update. Hum Immunol 2021; 82:649-658. [PMID: 34020832 PMCID: PMC8130497 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2021.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The nCOVID-19 pandemic initiated its course of contagion from the city of Wuhan and now it has spread all over the globe. SARS-CoV-2 is the causative virus and the infection as well as its symptoms are distributed across the multi-organ perimeters. Interactions between the host and virus governs the induction of ‘cytokine storm’ resulting various immunopathological consequences leading to death. Till now it has caused tens of millions of casualties and yet no credible cure has emerged to vision. This article presents a comprehensive overview on the two most promising remedial approaches that are being attempted for the management, treatment, and plausible cure of nCOVID-19. In this context, chemotherapeutic approach primarily aims to interrupt the interactions between the host and the virus causing inhibition of its entry into the host cell and/or its proliferation and suppressing the inflammatory milieu in the infected patients. On the other side, immunotherapeutic approaches aim to modulate the host immunity by fine tuning the inflammatory signaling cascades to achieve phylaxis from the virus and restoring immune-homeostasis. Considering most of the path-breaking findings, combinatorial therapy involving of chemotherapeutics as well as vaccine could usher to be a hope for all of us to eradicate the crisis
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47
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Patrinely JR, Hamilton KL, Parke RB, Patrinely JR, Soparkar CNS. Supraorbital Neuralgia Associated With Thyroid Eye Disease. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg 2021; 37:230-235. [PMID: 32618828 DOI: 10.1097/iop.0000000000001762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify the relationship between thyroid eye disease (TED) and supraorbital neuralgia (SON) and establish a reliable approach to the diagnosis and management of TED-associated SON. METHODS This retrospective study included 1,126 patients. Demographics, active and inactive phase status and duration, and reactivation rate were noted. TED clinical activity was determined using the vision, inflammation, strabismus, and appearance assessment system, and TED severity was classified using the European Group of Graves' Orbitopathy system. Subtypes of periorbital pain were identified, and suspected SON was confirmed by supraorbital nerve block. RESULTS Of the study's 1,126 patients, 935 (83%) were deemed "active" at some point during the follow up and 34 (3%) remained "active" at the study's conclusion. Of the 2,251 eyes studied, 1,193 (53%) underwent orbital decompression. Of the 1,126 patients, 946 (84%) reported a retrobulbar "pressure" or "aching," but a distinct, more debilitating pain suggestive of SON was reported in 91 (8%). All 91 patients were given a supraorbital nerve block, and all had complete pain resolution lasting from hours to weeks. Eighty-eight (97%) of the 91 patients with SON-type pain underwent orbital decompression compared to 496 (48%) of the 1,035 without SON-type pain (p < 0.00001). A difference was found in the rate of TED reactivation between those with SON-type symptoms (8%) as compared to those without (2%), p = 0.01. CONCLUSIONS SON of uncertain etiology appears to be a previously underreported but significant pain associated with TED. Paradoxically, although the SON does not appear to be related to the type or severity of TED on standard rating scales, the presence of SON was found to be associated with increased likelihood of both orbital decompression and TED reactivation.
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48
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Pathak S, Gokhroo A, Kumar Dubey A, Majumdar S, Gupta S, Almeida A, Mahajan GB, Kate A, Mishra P, Sharma R, Kumar S, Vishwakarma R, Balakrishnan A, Atreya H, Nandi D. 7-Hydroxy Frullanolide, a sesquiterpene lactone, increases intracellular calcium amounts, lowers CD4 + T cell and macrophage responses, and ameliorates DSS-induced colitis. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 97:107655. [PMID: 33901737 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Sesquiterpene lactones are a class of anti-inflammatory molecules obtained from plants belonging to the Asteraceae family. In this study, the effects of 7-hydroxy frullanolide (7HF), a sesquiterpene lactone, in inhibiting CD4+ T cell and peritoneal macrophage responses were investigated. 7HF, in a dose dependent manner, lowers CD69 upregulation, IL2 production and CD4+ T cell cycling upon activation with the combination of anti-CD3 and anti-CD28. Further mechanistic studies demonstrated that 7HF, at early time points, increases intracellular Ca2+ amounts, over and above the levels induced upon activation. The functional relevance of 7HF-induced Ca2+ increase was confirmed using sub-optimal amounts of BAPTA, an intracellular Ca2+ chelator, which lowers lactate and rescues CD4+ T cell cycling. In addition, 7HF lowers T cell cycling with the combination of PMA and Ionomycin. However, 7HF increases CD4+ T cell cycling with sub-optimal activating signals: only PMA or anti-CD3. Furthermore, LPS-induced nitrite and IL6 production by peritoneal macrophages is inhibited by 7HF in a Ca2+-dependent manner. Studies with Ca2+ channel inhibitors, Ruthenium Red and 2-Aminoethoxydiphenyl borate, lowers the inhibitory effects of 7HF on CD4+ T cell and macrophage responses. In silico studies demonstrated that 7HF binds to Ca2+ channels, TRPV1, IP3R and SERCA, which is mechanistically important. Finally, intraperitoneal administration of 7HF lowers serum inflammatory cytokines, IFNγ and IL6, and reduces the effects of DSS-induced colitis with respect to colon length and colon damage. Overall, this study sheds mechanistic light on the anti-inflammatory potential of 7HF, a natural plant compound, in lowering immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanmoy Pathak
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Abhijeet Gokhroo
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Ashim Kumar Dubey
- Undergraduate Program, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Shamik Majumdar
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Souradeep Gupta
- NMR Research Facility, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Asha Almeida
- High Throughput Department, Piramal Research Center,1 Nirlon Complex, Off Western Express Highway, Goregaon East, Mumbai 400063, India
| | - Girish B Mahajan
- High Throughput Department, Piramal Research Center,1 Nirlon Complex, Off Western Express Highway, Goregaon East, Mumbai 400063, India
| | - Abhijeet Kate
- High Throughput Department, Piramal Research Center,1 Nirlon Complex, Off Western Express Highway, Goregaon East, Mumbai 400063, India
| | - Prabhu Mishra
- High Throughput Department, Piramal Research Center,1 Nirlon Complex, Off Western Express Highway, Goregaon East, Mumbai 400063, India
| | - Rajiv Sharma
- High Throughput Department, Piramal Research Center,1 Nirlon Complex, Off Western Express Highway, Goregaon East, Mumbai 400063, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- High Throughput Department, Piramal Research Center,1 Nirlon Complex, Off Western Express Highway, Goregaon East, Mumbai 400063, India
| | - Ram Vishwakarma
- High Throughput Department, Piramal Research Center,1 Nirlon Complex, Off Western Express Highway, Goregaon East, Mumbai 400063, India
| | - Arun Balakrishnan
- High Throughput Department, Piramal Research Center,1 Nirlon Complex, Off Western Express Highway, Goregaon East, Mumbai 400063, India
| | - Hanudatta Atreya
- NMR Research Facility, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Dipankar Nandi
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
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Baliou S, Sofopoulos M, Goulielmaki M, Spandidos DA, Ioannou P, Kyriakopoulos AM, Zoumpourlis V. Bromamine T, a stable active bromine compound, prevents the LPS‑induced inflammatory response. Int J Mol Med 2021; 47:37. [PMID: 33537817 PMCID: PMC7891821 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2021.4870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is the most common cause of most acute and chronic debilitating diseases. Towards unveiling novel therapeutic options for patients with such complications, N‑bromotaurine (TauNHBr) has emerged as a potential anti‑inflammatory agent; however, its therapeutic efficacy is hindered due to its relatively poor stability. To address this challenge, the present study focused on examining the effects of a stable active bromine compound, named bromamine T (BAT). The present study examined the protective properties of BAT against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‑mediated inflammation in vitro, by using LPS‑stimulated murine J774.A1 macrophages (Mφs), as well as in vivo, by using a murine LPS‑mediated air‑pouch model. Additionally, its efficacy was compared with that of taurine, a known potent anti‑inflammatory molecule. In LPS‑stimulated J774A.1 Mφs, BAT and taurine were very effective in reducing the secretion of pro‑inflammatory mediators. The in vitro experiments indicated that LPS‑mediated inflammation was attenuated due to the protective properties of BAT and of taurine, probably through the inhibition of phosphorylated p65 NF‑κB subunit (Ser 536) nuclear translocation. The in vivo experiments also revealed that BAT and taurine inhibited LPS‑mediated inflammation by reducing total cell/polymorphonuclear cell (PMN) infiltration in the air‑pouch and by decreasing pouch wall thickness. The analysis of exudates obtained from pouches highlighted that the inhibitory effects of BAT and taurine on the secretion of pro‑inflammatory cytokines were similar to those observed in vitro. Notably, the effect of BAT at the highest concentration tested was superior to that of taurine at the highest concentration. Taken together, the findings of the present study indicate that BAT prevents the LPS‑induced inflammatory response both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Baliou
- National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Michael Sofopoulos
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Saint Savvas Anticancer Hospital of Athens, 11522 Athens, Greece
| | | | - Demetrios A. Spandidos
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Petros Ioannou
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71110 Heraklion, Greece
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Fernández-Francos S, Eiro N, Costa LA, Escudero-Cernuda S, Fernández-Sánchez ML, Vizoso FJ. Mesenchymal Stem Cells as a Cornerstone in a Galaxy of Intercellular Signals: Basis for a New Era of Medicine. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073576. [PMID: 33808241 PMCID: PMC8036553 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Around 40% of the population will suffer at some point in their life a disease involving tissue loss or an inflammatory or autoimmune process that cannot be satisfactorily controlled with current therapies. An alternative for these processes is represented by stem cells and, especially, mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). Numerous preclinical studies have shown MSC to have therapeutic effects in different clinical conditions, probably due to their mesodermal origin. Thereby, MSC appear to play a central role in the control of a galaxy of intercellular signals of anti-inflammatory, regenerative, angiogenic, anti-fibrotic, anti-oxidative stress effects of anti-apoptotic, anti-tumor, or anti-microbial type. This concept forces us to return to the origin of natural physiological processes as a starting point to understand the evolution of MSC therapy in the field of regenerative medicine. These biological effects, demonstrated in countless preclinical studies, justify their first clinical applications, and draw a horizon of new therapeutic strategies. However, several limitations of MSC as cell therapy are recognized, such as safety issues, handling difficulties for therapeutic purposes, and high economic cost. For these reasons, there is an ongoing tendency to consider the use of MSC-derived secretome products as a therapeutic tool, since they reproduce the effects of their parent cells. However, it will be necessary to resolve key aspects, such as the choice of the ideal type of MSC according to their origin for each therapeutic indication and the implementation of new standardized production strategies. Therefore, stem cell science based on an intelligently designed production of MSC and or their derivative products will be able to advance towards an innovative and more personalized medical biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Noemi Eiro
- Research Unit, Fundación Hospital de Jove, 33290 Gijón, Spain; (S.F.-F.); (L.A.C.)
- Correspondence: (N.E.); (F.J.V.); Tel.: +34-985320050 (ext. 84216)
| | - Luis A. Costa
- Research Unit, Fundación Hospital de Jove, 33290 Gijón, Spain; (S.F.-F.); (L.A.C.)
| | - Sara Escudero-Cernuda
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (S.E.-C.); (M.L.F.-S.)
| | - María Luisa Fernández-Sánchez
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (S.E.-C.); (M.L.F.-S.)
| | - Francisco J. Vizoso
- Research Unit, Fundación Hospital de Jove, 33290 Gijón, Spain; (S.F.-F.); (L.A.C.)
- Correspondence: (N.E.); (F.J.V.); Tel.: +34-985320050 (ext. 84216)
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