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Zhong J, Zhang H, Yu C, Li J, Zhang Y, Liang J, Sun C, Yao Q. Two Photosensitive Dermatitis Outbreaks Caused by Cordierites frondosus - Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province, China, 2023. China CDC Wkly 2024; 6:580-584. [PMID: 38934025 PMCID: PMC11196883 DOI: 10.46234/ccdcw2024.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
What is already known about this topic? Cordierites frondosus (C. frondosus) is a species of toxic mushroom known to induce symptoms of photosensitive dermatitis. What is added by this report? In the months of May and June 2023, a total of four patients in Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province, were affected by C. frondosus poisoning, occurring over two distinct incidents. The condition of two patients deteriorated after they were re-exposed to sunlight on the seventh day following the initial poisoning. Separately, an additional two patients reported experiencing a mild, needle-like sensation on areas of their skin exposed to the sun, recorded on the twelfth day subsequent to the poisoning. What are the implications for public health practice? Given that symptoms of photosensitive dermatitis, a potential severe consequence of C. frondosus poisoning, can manifest up to a week post-sun exposure, it is advisable to avoid sunlight for a minimum of two weeks following poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaju Zhong
- National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The People’s Hospital of Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Chuxiong City, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Hongshun Zhang
- National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Chengmin Yu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The People’s Hospital of Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Chuxiong City, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Jipin Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The People’s Hospital of Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Chuxiong City, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Yizhe Zhang
- National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaqi Liang
- National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Chengye Sun
- National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Qunmei Yao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The People’s Hospital of Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Chuxiong City, Yunnan Province, China
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Gong M, Li Z, Xu H, Ma B, Gao P, Wang L, Li J, Wu Q, Wu J, Xie J. Amanitin-induced variable cytotoxicity in various cell lines is mediated by the different expression levels of OATP1B3. Food Chem Toxicol 2024; 188:114665. [PMID: 38641045 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2024.114665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Amanita phalloides is one of the deadliest mushrooms worldwide, causing most fatal cases of mushroom poisoning. Among the poisonous substances of Amanita phalloides, amanitins are the most lethal toxins to humans. Currently, there are no specific antidotes available for managing amanitin poisoning and treatments are lack of efficacy. Amanitin mainly causes severe injuries to specific organs, such as the liver, stomach, and kidney, whereas the lung, heart, and brain are hardly affected. However, the molecular mechanism of this phenomenon remains not understood. To explore the possible mechanism of organ specificity of amanitin-induced toxicity, eight human cell lines derived from different organs were exposed to α, β, and γ-amanitin at concentrations ranging from 0.3 to 100 μM. We found that the cytotoxicity of amanitin differs greatly in various cell lines, among which liver-derived HepG2, stomach-derived BGC-823, and kidney-derived HEK-293 cells are most sensitive. Further mechanistic study revealed that the variable cytotoxicity is mainly dependent on the different expression levels of the organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B3 (OATP1B3), which facilitates the internalization of amanitin into cells. Besides, knockdown of OATP1B3 in HepG2 cells prevented α-amanitin-induced cytotoxicity. These results indicated that OATP1B3 may be a crucial therapeutic target against amanitin-induced organ failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqiang Gong
- School of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China; Laboratory of Toxicant Analysis, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Zhi Li
- Laboratory of Toxicant Analysis, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Hua Xu
- Laboratory of Toxicant Analysis, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Bo Ma
- Laboratory of Toxicant Analysis, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Pengxia Gao
- Laboratory of Toxicant Analysis, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Lili Wang
- Laboratory of Toxicant Analysis, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Junkai Li
- School of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China
| | - Qinglai Wu
- School of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China.
| | - Jianfeng Wu
- Laboratory of Toxicant Analysis, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Jianwei Xie
- Laboratory of Toxicant Analysis, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, China.
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Zhong J, Xu P, Li H, Sun C, Tong Y, Yao Q, Yu C. Acute hepatic and kidney injury after ingestion of Lepiota brunneoincarnata: Report of 2 cases. Toxicon 2024; 239:107605. [PMID: 38184282 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.107605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Lepiota brunneoincarnata is a highly toxic mushroom species known to cause acute liver failure. However, there are limited reports investigating L. brunneoincarnata causing acute hepatic and renal damage. The present article reports 2 cases of L. brunneoincarnata poisoning in a mother and son from Chuxiong City, Yunnan Province, China. Both patients presented with gastrointestinal symptoms approximately 8-9 h after ingesting the suspect mushrooms and sought medical attention 27-28 h post-ingestion, both exhibiting acute hepatic and kidney injuries. Morphological and molecular biology studies confirmed the species of the mushrooms as L. brunneoincarnata. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis revealed mean fresh-weight concentrations of 123.5 μg/g α-amanitin and 45.7 μg/g β-amanitin in the mushrooms. The patients underwent standard treatments, including multiple-dose activated charcoal, oral silibinin capsules, N-acetylcysteine, penicillin G, hemoperfusion, and plasma exchange. One patient recovered completely and was discharged after 16 days of hospitalization. The other patient exhibited gradual improvement in liver and renal function; however, renal function deteriorated 9 days after ingestion, and the patient declined renal replacement therapy and returned home 14 days post-ingestion. The patient was then re-hospitalized due to oliguria and edema in both lower extremities. Renal biopsy revealed acute tubular necrosis, inflammatory cell infiltration, minor glomerular capsular fibrosis, loss of microvilli in the renal tubular epithelial cells, and interstitial edema. The patient underwent 2 rounds of continuous renal replacement therapy, which eventually resulted in improvement, and was discharged 31 days after mushroom consumption. It is noteworthy that this patient had already progressed to chronic kidney insufficiency 11 months after intoxication.
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Affiliation(s)
- JiaJu Zhong
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The People's Hospital of Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Chuxiong, Yunnan, China; National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Pin Xu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The People's Hospital of Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Chuxiong, Yunnan, China
| | - HaiJiao Li
- National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - ChengYe Sun
- National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Tong
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The People's Hospital of Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Chuxiong, Yunnan, China
| | - QunMei Yao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The People's Hospital of Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Chuxiong, Yunnan, China.
| | - ChengMin Yu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The People's Hospital of Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Chuxiong, Yunnan, China.
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Duan R, Huang J, Zhang D, Tian E. Identification of lethal species in amanita section Phalloideae based on nucleotide signature and specific TaqMan-MGB probe and primer. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1301085. [PMID: 38362500 PMCID: PMC10867329 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1301085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Amanita section Phalloideae consists of lethal toxic mushroom species, causing many fatal poisoning incidents worldwide. Molecular techniques of nucleotide signatures and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) detection could be used to develop a specific method for identifying lethal section (sect.) Phalloideae species. A comparison of 38 sequenced and 228 validated sequences from sect. Phalloideae species showed a 17-base pair nucleotide signature and an SNP site between the lethal and non-lethal species. A specific minor groove binder probe was designed based on them. The results indicated that this method exhibited excellent specificity for the lethal subgroup, good detection in samples subjected to simulated gastric digestion (60 min boiling and 120 min digestion), and a 10 pg./μL detection limit. This method enables accurate detection of target species in samples under complex conditions and can provide evidence for poisoning incidents caused by lethal sect. Phalloideae species to assist in targeted treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Enjing Tian
- Country Engineering Research Center of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
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Yang S, Wen D, Zheng F, Pu S, Chen Z, Chen M, Di B, Liu W, Shi Y. Simple and rapid detection of three amatoxins and three phallotoxins in human body fluids by UPLC-MS-MS and its application in 15 poisoning cases. J Anal Toxicol 2024; 48:44-53. [PMID: 37929913 DOI: 10.1093/jat/bkad081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Amatoxins and phallotoxins are toxic cyclopeptides found in the genus Amanita and are among the predominant causes of foodborne sickness and poisoning-related fatalities in China. This study introduces and validates a simple, rapid and cost-effective ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method for the simultaneous determination and quantification of α-amanitin, β-amanitin, γ-amanitin, phallisacin, phallacidin and phalloidin in human blood and urine. Quick therapeutic decision-making is supported by a 9 min chromatographic separation performed on a Waters Acquity UPLC HSS T3 column (100 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.8 µm) using a gradient of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-grade water and methanol:0.005% formic acid. The analyte limit of quantification was 1-3 ng/mL in blood and 0.5-2 ng/mL in urine. Calibrations curves, prepared by spiking drug-free blood and urine, demonstrated acceptable linearity with mean correlation coefficients (r) greater than 0.99 for all phallotoxins and amatoxins. Acceptable intraday and interday precision (relative standard deviation <15%) and accuracy (bias, -4.8% to 13.0% for blood and-9.0% to 14.7% for urine) were achieved. The validated method was successfully applied to analyze 9 blood samples and 2 urine samples testing positive for amatoxins and/or phallotoxins. Amatoxins and/or phallotoxins were identified in each whole blood sample at a range of 1.12-5.63 ng/mL and in two urine samples from 1.01-9.27 ng/mL. The method has the benefits of simple sample preparation (protein precipitation) and wide analyte coverage, making it suitable for emergency quantitative surveillance toxicological analysis in clinics and forensic poisoning practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Yang
- Academy of Forensic science, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, No. 1347 Guangfuxi Road, Shanghai 200063, China
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Di Wen
- College of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Forensic Medical Molecular Identification, No. 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Fenshuang Zheng
- Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University (Yunnan Second People's Hospital, Yunnan Eye Hospital), No. 176 Qingnian Road, Kunming 650021, China
| | - Shanbai Pu
- Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University (Yunnan Second People's Hospital, Yunnan Eye Hospital), No. 176 Qingnian Road, Kunming 650021, China
| | - Zhuonan Chen
- Academy of Forensic science, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, No. 1347 Guangfuxi Road, Shanghai 200063, China
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Mobing Chen
- Academy of Forensic science, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, No. 1347 Guangfuxi Road, Shanghai 200063, China
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Bin Di
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Academy of Forensic science, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, No. 1347 Guangfuxi Road, Shanghai 200063, China
| | - Yan Shi
- Academy of Forensic science, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, No. 1347 Guangfuxi Road, Shanghai 200063, China
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Lv B, Liu L, Xiao H, Meng Q, Zhang R, An Y, Jin Y, Ma Y, Gao H, Li Y, He Q, Zhang Y, Liu C, Luo X, Xu X, Zheng F, Tian Y, Zhang H, Yao D. Food-Borne Poisoning Accident from Amanitin Toxin in Wild Mushrooms - Xingtai City, Hebei Province, China, 2023. China CDC Wkly 2024; 6:56-59. [PMID: 38269358 PMCID: PMC10803286 DOI: 10.46234/ccdcw2024.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
What is already known about this topic? Fatal poisonings caused by wild mushrooms containing amanita toxins pose a significant threat in the southern regions of China. These toxins primarily induce gastrointestinal symptoms initially, which are then followed by potentially life-threatening acute liver damage. What is added by this report? This report contributes to the existing knowledge on these cases of poisoning by documenting the second occurrences in Hebei Province and the first occurrences in Xingtai City. Five individuals reported consuming wild mushrooms from the same origin, and laboratory tests confirmed the presence of α-amanitin in their blood samples. What are the implications for public health practice? This underscores the risk associated with the collection and consumption of amanita toxin-containing mushrooms in Hebei. It is important to note that the identification of toxic and non-toxic mushrooms should not solely rely on personal experience or appearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baopu Lv
- Emergency Department, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province, China
| | - Liang Liu
- Emergency Department, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province, China
| | - Hao Xiao
- Emergency Department, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province, China
| | - Qingbing Meng
- Emergency Department, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Emergency Department, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province, China
| | - Yaqing An
- Emergency Department, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province, China
| | - Yingli Jin
- Emergency Department, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province, China
| | - Yu Ma
- Emergency Department, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province, China
| | - Hengbo Gao
- Emergency Department, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province, China
| | - Yongkai Li
- Emergency Department, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province, China
| | - Qian He
- National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yutao Zhang
- National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Changqing Liu
- Hebei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province, China
| | - Xiaoyan Luo
- Hebei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province, China
| | - Xiaomin Xu
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Fenshuang Zheng
- Emergency Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Kunming City, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Yingping Tian
- Emergency Department, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province, China
| | - Hongshun Zhang
- National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Dongqi Yao
- Emergency Department, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province, China
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Ma J, Liu HM, Yu TJ, Yang M, Tang LP. A Poisoning Case Involving Gymnopus dryophiloides (Agaricomycetes). Int J Med Mushrooms 2024; 26:77-82. [PMID: 38505905 DOI: 10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2024052509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Recently, mushroom poisoning is becoming one of the most serious food safety problems in China, especially in Yunnan province. However, there is insufficient information on many poisoning incidents, including mushroom information, identification and poisoning symptoms etc. In October 2022, a female midwife in Yunnan province consumed a wild mushroom twice. Detailed epidemiological investigation and mushroom identification were performed in this report. Based on morphological and phylogenetic analysis, the suspected mushroom was identified as Gymnopus dryophiloides (Omphalotaceae, Agaricomycetes). The victim reported nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, stomachache, accompanied by dizziness, headache, drowsiness, chest tightness, shortness of breath, palpitation, and weakness. The incubation period was approximately 30 min. After the victim's own vomiting, the symptoms began to subside for about an hour. Up to date, there are no detailed reports of poisoning in G. dryophiloides. In conclusion, it is the first detailed poisoning report of G. dryophiloides in the world.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hui Min Liu
- The First People's Hospital of Kunming, Calmette Hospital, Kunming 650000, P.R. China
| | - Tai Jie Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, P.R. China; College of Modern Biomedical Industry, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, P.R. China
| | - Mei Yang
- The First People's Hospital of Kunming, Calmette Hospital, Kunming 650000, P.R. China
| | - Li Ping Tang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, P.R. China; College of Modern Biomedical Industry, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, P.R. China
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Zhang L, Chen QY, Xiong SF, Zhu S, Tian JG, Li J, Guo H. Mushroom poisoning outbreaks in Guizhou Province, China: a prediction study using SARIMA and Prophet models. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22517. [PMID: 38110518 PMCID: PMC10728177 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49095-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Mushroom poisoning is a public health concern worldwide that not only harms the physical and mental health of those who are poisoned but also increases the medical and financial burden on families and society. The present study aimed to describe and analyze the current situations and factors influencing mushroom poisoning outbreaks in Guizhou province, Southwest China, between January 2012 and June 2022, and to predict the future trends of its occurrence. Our study provides a basis for the rational formulation of prevention and control and medical resource allocation policies for mushroom poisoning. The epidemiological characteristics and factors influencing mushroom poisoning incidence were analyzed using descriptive epidemiological methods and the chi-squared test, respectively. Then, future occurrence trends were predicted using the SARIMA and Prophet models. In total, 1577 mushroom poisoning incidents were recorded in Guizhou Province, with 7347 exposures, 5497 cases, 3654 hospitalizations, and 93 fatalities. The mortality rate was 4.45% in 1 ~ 6 years higher than other age groups. There were notable geographic and seasonal characteristics, with the number of occurrences much higher in rural areas (1198) than in cities (379), and poisoning cases were more common during the rainy season (June to September). The mortality rate of household poisoning cases was 1.86%, with the most deaths occurring in households. Statistically significant differences were observed in the incidence across various cities, periods, and poisoning locations (P < 0.05). Both models had advantages and disadvantages for prediction. Nevertheless, the SARIMA model had better overall prediction results than the Prophet model (R > 0.9, the residual plot of the prediction results was randomly distributed, and RMSESARIMA < RMSEProphet). However, the prediction result plot of the Prophet model was more explanatory than the SARIMA model and could visualize overall and seasonal trends. Both models predicted that the prevalence of mushroom poisoning would continue to increase in the future; however, the number of fatalities is generally declining. Seasonal patterns indicated that a high number of deaths from gooseberry mushroom poisoning occurred in October. The epidemiological trends of mushroom poisoning remain severe, and health education on related knowledge must be strengthened in rural areas, with June to October as the key prevention and control phase. Further, medical treatment of mushroom poisoning cases with clinical symptoms should pay attention to inquiries to check whether the mushroom is similar in appearance to the Amanita, particularly in October.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Institute of Public Health Surveillance and Evaluation, Guizhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang, 550005, China
- Department of Labor Hygiene and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Wellness, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Qing-Yuan Chen
- Institute of Public Health Surveillance and Evaluation, Guizhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang, 550005, China
| | - Su-Fang Xiong
- Institute of Public Health Surveillance and Evaluation, Guizhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang, 550005, China
- Department of Labor Hygiene and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Wellness, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Shu Zhu
- Institute of Public Health Surveillance and Evaluation, Guizhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang, 550005, China
| | - Ji-Gui Tian
- Institute of Public Health Surveillance and Evaluation, Guizhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang, 550005, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Labor Hygiene and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Wellness, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Hua Guo
- Institute of Public Health Surveillance and Evaluation, Guizhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang, 550005, China.
- Department of Labor Hygiene and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Wellness, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
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Zhou YL, Deng LS, Yang SD, Liu CF, Fan YG, Yu WJ. Phylogenetic analysis, morphological studies, element profiling, and muscarine detection reveal a new toxic Inosperma (Inocybaceae, Agaricales) species from tropical China. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1326253. [PMID: 38143868 PMCID: PMC10740167 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1326253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Tropical Asian collections of Inosperma are usually poisonous mushrooms that have caused many poisoning incidents. However, the species diversity and the toxic mechanisms of these Inosperma species are still unclear. In this study, we describe the discovery of Inosperma wuzhishanense sp. nov. from Wuzhishan City, Hainan Province, tropical China. The new species was identified based on morphological and multi-locus (ITS, nrLSU, and RPB2) phylogenetic analyses. The new species is characterized by its reddish-brown pileus, fibrillose stipes with finely protruding fibrils, rather crowded lamellae, smooth and ellipsoid basidiospores, and mostly clavate, thin-walled cheilocystidia. The new species is phylogenetically nested in the Old World tropical clade 2 and is sister to the tropical Indian taxa I. akirnum. Detailed descriptions, color photos of the new species, and comparisons with its closely related species are provided. Additionally, the muscarine content of the new species was analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). The muscarine contents ranged from 4,359.79 ± 83.87 mg/kg to 7,114.03 ± 76.55 mg/kg, 2,748.37 ± 106.85 mg/kg to 4,491.35 ± 467.21 mg/kg, and 2,301.36 ± 83.52 mg/kg to 2,775.90 ± 205.624 mg/kg in the stipe, pileus, and lamellae, respectively. The elemental composition and concentration were determined using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). A total of 24 elements were detected. Among the heavy metals detected, arsenic showed the highest level of toxicity with a concentration of 36.76 ± 0.43 mg/kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ling Zhou
- Hainan Institute for Food Control, Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruits and Vegetables Quality and Safety for State Market Regulation, Haikou, China
| | - Lun-Sha Deng
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Key Laboratory for R & D of Tropical Herbs, Tropical Environment and Health Laboratory, School of Pharmacy & International School of Public Health and One Health, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Shu-Dong Yang
- Changchun Food and Drug Inspection Center, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Chao-Feng Liu
- Hainan Institute for Food Control, Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruits and Vegetables Quality and Safety for State Market Regulation, Haikou, China
| | - Yu-Guang Fan
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Key Laboratory for R & D of Tropical Herbs, Tropical Environment and Health Laboratory, School of Pharmacy & International School of Public Health and One Health, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Wen-Jie Yu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Key Laboratory for R & D of Tropical Herbs, Tropical Environment and Health Laboratory, School of Pharmacy & International School of Public Health and One Health, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
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Wang H, Yang G, Zhang X, Zhang H, Liu Y, Wang C, Miao L, Li Y, Huang Y, Teng H, Wang S, Cheng H, Zeng X. Cannabidiol protects the liver from α-Amanitin-induced apoptosis and oxidative stress through the regulation of Nrf2. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 182:114196. [PMID: 37992955 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.114196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
α-Amanitin, the primary lethal toxin of Amanita, specifically targets the liver, causing oxidative stress, hepatocyte apoptosis, and irreversible liver damage. As little as 0.1 mg/kg of α-amanitin can be lethal for humans, and there is currently no effective antidote for α-amanitin poisoning. Cannabidiol is a non-psychoactive natural compound derived from Cannabis sativa that exhibits a wide range of anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic effects. It may play a protective role in preventing liver damage induced by α-amanitin. To investigate the potential protective effects of cannabidiol on α-amanitin-induced hepatocyte apoptosis and oxidative stress, we established α-amanitin exposure models using C57BL/6J mice and L-02 cells in vitro. Our results showed that α-amanitin exposure led to oxidative stress, apoptosis, and DNA damage in both mouse hepatocytes and L-02 cells, resulting in the death of mice. We also found that cannabidiol upregulated the level of Nrf2 and antioxidant enzymes, alleviating apoptosis, and oxidative stress in mouse hepatocytes and L-02 cells and increasing the survival rate of mice. Our findings suggest that cannabidiol has hepatoprotective effects through the regulation of Nrf2 and antioxidant enzymes and may be a potential therapeutic drug for Amanita poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haowei Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Genmeng Yang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaoxing Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Huijie Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yan Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Chan Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Lin Miao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yi Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yizhen Huang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Hanxin Teng
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Shangwen Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.
| | - Hao Cheng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.
| | - Xiaofeng Zeng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.
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11
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LIU L, CHEN J, FU W, TANG C. [Determination of amanita peptide and tryptamine toxins in wild mushrooms by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry]. Se Pu 2023; 41:976-985. [PMID: 37968816 PMCID: PMC10654875 DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1123.2023.07013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The discovery and identification of mushroom toxins has long been an important area in the fields of toxicology and food safety. Mushrooms are widely favored for their culinary and medicinal value; however, the presence of potentially lethal toxins in some species poses a substantial challenge in ensuring their safe consumption. Therefore, the development of a robust and sensitive analytical method is necessary for accurately identifying the risks associated with mushroom consumption. The study of mushroom toxins, which are characterized by their diversity and substantial variations in chemical structures, present a considerable challenge for achieving precise and high-throughput analysis. To address this issue, the present study employed a robust approach combining a solid-phase extraction (SPE) purification technique with high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) to establish an analytical method for the detection and quantification of five amatoxins and two tryptamines (psilocybin and bufotenine) present in some mushrooms. Several optimization procedures were undertaken, including optimizing the chromatographic conditions, mass spectrometric parameters, and sample extraction and purification. The procedure involved the extraction of dry mushroom powder with methanol containing 0.3% formic acid, followed by purification using a strong cation exchange cartridge (SCX). The analytes were separated on a T3 chromatographic column (100 mm×2.1 mm, 1.8 μm) using mobile phases of acetonitrile and 5 mmol/L ammonium acetate solution containing 0.1% formic acid. The multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode was employed for data acquisition. Amatoxins were quantified using matrix-matched standard calibration curves, whereas isotopic internal standards were used to quantify tryptamine. The results showed that all seven toxins exhibited good linearities (r2>0.99) within the optimized concentration range. The limits of detection (LODs) for bufotenine, psilocybin, and amatoxins were determined as 2.0, 5.0, and 10 μg/kg, respectively, while the limits of quantification (LOQs) were determined as 5.0, 10, and 20 μg/kg, respectively. The LOD and LOQ values further underscore the ability of the method to detect minute quantities of toxins, making it particularly well suited for screening food samples for potential contamination. Using dried shiitake mushroom powder as the matrix, the recoveries of the two tryptamines ranged from 80.6% to 117%, with relative standard deviations (RSDs) ranging from 1.73% to 5.98%, while the recoveries of amatoxins ranged from 71.8% to 115%, with RSDs varying from 2.14% to 9.92% at the three concentration levels. The consistent and satisfactory recoveries of amatoxins and tryptamines demonstrated the ability of this method to accurately quantify the target analytes even in a complex matrix. Comparison with the results of supplementary test method recognized by State Administration for Market Regulation for food (BJS 202008) demonstrated comparable results, indicating no significant differences (p>0.05) in amatoxin contents. The newly developed method is rapid, accurate, precise, meets the required standards, and is suitable for the detection of seven toxins in wild mushrooms. As part of the application of this method, a comprehensive investigation of the distribution of toxins in wild mushrooms from Fujian Province was undertaken. In this study, 59 wild mushroom samples from nine cities were collected in the Fujian province. Species identification was conducted using rDNA-internal transcribed space (rDNA-ITS) molecular barcode technology, which revealed the presence of toxins in the two samples. Notably, one specimen named Amanita fuligineoides contained α-amanitin, β-amanitin, and phalloidin in quantities of 607, 377, and 69.0 mg/kg, respectively. Additionally, another sample, identified as Tricholomataceae, had a psilocybin concentration of 12.6 mg/kg.
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Wang G, Bai X, Ren Y, Su Y, Han J. Development of nucleotide signatures for common poisonous organisms provides a new strategy for food poisoning diagnosis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 265:115529. [PMID: 37776823 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
DNA barcoding is widely used in toxic species authentication, but due to serious DNA degradation of forensic materials, the application of full-length barcode sequences in food poisoning diagnosis is greatly limited. Nucleotide signature, a shorter specific molecular marker, derived from traditional DNA barcoding has been proposed as an emerging tool of toxic species detection in deeply processed materials. In this study, to resolve the frequent food poisoning accidents with unknown origin, we envisioned developing a nucleotide signature data set of common poisonous organisms and combining high-throughput sequencing (HTS) to reveal the poisoning cause. Ninety-three individuals and 1093 DNA barcode sequences of twelve common poisonous plants, fish, mushrooms and their related species were collected. Through sequence alignment and screening, the nucleotide signatures were respectively developed and validated as their specific molecular markers. The sequence length varied from 19 bp to 38 bp. These fragments were conserved within the same species or genera, and the specificity between related species has been also demonstrated. To further evaluate the application potential of nucleotide signature in forensic diagnosis, simulated forensic specimens (SFS) containing different poisonous ingredients were sequenced by HTS with PCR-free libraries. As a result, the nucleotide signature was successfully captured from original HTS data without assembly and annotation, accompanied by a high detection sensitivity of 0.1 ng/µl in mixture system. Therefore, this method was suitable for the assay of forensic materials with serious DNA degradation. The present study undoubtedly provides a new perspective and strong support for the detection of toxic ingredients and the diagnosis of food poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xuanjiao Bai
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ying Ren
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuying Su
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jianping Han
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
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Yao Q, Wu Z, Zhong J, Yu C, Li H, Hu Q, He J, Du J, Sun C. A network system for the prevention and treatment of mushroom poisoning in Chuxiong Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province, China: implementation and assessment. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1979. [PMID: 37821850 PMCID: PMC10568813 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16042-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mushroom poisoning is a major public health issue in China. The integration of medical resources from different institutes of different levels is crucial in reducing the harm of mushroom poisoning. However, few studies have provided comprehensive implementation procedures and postimplementation effectiveness evaluations. To reduce the harm caused by mushroom poisoning, a network system for the prevention and treatment of mushroom poisoning (NSPTMP) was established in Chuxiong, Yunnan Province, a high-risk area for mushroom poisoning. METHODS The NSPTMP consists of three types of institutions, namely, centers for disease prevention, hospitals, and health administration departments, with each kind of institution comprising prefecture, county/city, town, and village levels. After three years of implementation, the network was evaluated by comparing the indices before and after network implementation using data from the "Foodborne Disease Outbreak Surveillance System" and 17 hospitals in Chuxiong. The indices included the fatalities caused by mushroom poisoning, the composition ratios of different types of mushrooms for both outpatients and inpatients and the hospitalization rates. RESULTS Compared to the average fatality rate of mushroom poisoning from 2015 to 2017, the average fatality rate from 2018 to 2020 significantly decreased from 0.57 to 0.06% (P < 0.001). Regarding the poisonous genus containing lethal mushrooms, the outpatient and inpatient composition ratios significantly decreased for Amanita (9.36-2.91% and 57.23-17.68%, respectively) and Russula (15.27-8.41%) (P < 0.05). Regarding poisonous mushrooms that caused mild symptoms, the outpatient and inpatient composition ratios significantly increased for Scleroderma (5.13-13.90% and 2.89-18.90%, respectively) and Boletaceae (19.08-31.71%) (P < 0.05), and the hospitalization rates significantly increased for Scleroderma (6.33-18.02%) and Boletaceae (5.65-12.71%) (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that the NSPTMP effectively reduced the harm caused by mushroom poisoning. In addition to the integration of medical resources, the development of poisonous mushroom identification, hierarchical treatment systems in hospitals, public education, and professional training also played important roles in improving the system's effectiveness. The establishment and evaluation of the NSPTMP in Chuxiong Prefecture can provide valuable insights and serve as a model for other regions facing similar challenges in managing mushroom poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qunmei Yao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The People's Hospital of Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Chuxiong, 675000, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhijun Wu
- National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Jiaju Zhong
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The People's Hospital of Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Chuxiong, 675000, Yunnan, China
| | - Chengmin Yu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The People's Hospital of Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Chuxiong, 675000, Yunnan, China
| | - Haijiao Li
- National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Qiuling Hu
- Chuxiong Yi Minority Autonomous Prefecture Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chuxiong, 675000, Yunnan, China
| | - Jianrong He
- Chuxiong Health Commission, Chuxiong, 675000, Yunnan, China
| | - Jianping Du
- Dayao People's Hospital, Dayao, 675400, Yunnan, China
| | - Chengye Sun
- National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100050, China.
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Zhu J, Kou J, Ma L, Yu X, Li C, Wang Z, Shen J, Wen K, Yu W. Molecular Recognition Mechanism of an Anti-Amatoxins mAb and Its Application in Centrifugal Disk-Based Immunoassay. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:13889-13898. [PMID: 37695809 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c03442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Amatoxins are polypeptides that cause 90% of fatalities from accidental ingestion of poisonous mushrooms. Unfortunately, there are no specific antidotes against amatoxins poisoning, hence preparation of high-affinity antibodies, understanding the receptor (amatoxins) and ligand (antibody) mechanism, and establishing a straightforward screening approach are of great significance for confirming poison agents and clinical diagnosis. Here, anti-amatoxins monoclonal antibody (mAb) 9B2 was prepared and the recognition mechanism was investigated. The approach is useful for designing desirable immunogens, developing new antibodies with improved performance, and constructing effective immunoassays. Based on the mAb, we designed a centrifugal disk-like microfluidics chip and developed a fully automated immunoassay capable of detecting amatoxins poisoning in various samples including serum, urine, and mushrooms. The whole detection process could be automatically accomplished within 30 min, with a limit of detection of 0.08 to 0.12 μg/L for real samples, ∼30-fold more sensitive than conventional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Our platform not only provided a practical approach for performing poison agent confirmation and clinical diagnosis but also had important implications for improving the survival of patients with mushroom poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyu Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, and Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China
- School of Basic Medicine, Beihua University, 132013 Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaqian Kou
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, and Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Licai Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, and Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuezhi Yu
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, and Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenglong Li
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, and Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, 450002 Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhanhui Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, and Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianzhong Shen
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, and Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Wen
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, and Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbo Yu
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, and Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China
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15
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Zhou H, Guo M, Zhuo L, Yan H, Sui X, Gao Y, Hou C. Diversity and taxonomy of the genus Amanita (Amanitaceae, Agaricales) in the Yanshan Mountains, Northern China. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1226794. [PMID: 37780523 PMCID: PMC10539691 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1226794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Globally, the species of Amanita are key components of ectomycorrhizal ecosystems. Some of them are widely known as poisonous or edible fungi. Although many new Amanita species from China have been described, the species diversity of Yanshan Mountains remains unknown. We here describe three new species, namely, A. borealis sp. nov. (Sect. Amanita), A. brunneola sp. nov. (Sect. Caesareae), and A. yanshanensis sp. nov. (Sect. Validae), based on morphological observations and molecular phylogenetic analyses. In addition, nine known species, namely, A. caesareoides (Sect. Caesareae), A. chiui (Sect. Vaginatae), A. muscaria (Sect. Amanita), A. oberwinklerana (Sect. Roanokenses), A. ovalispora (Sect. Vaginatae), A. subglobosa (Sect. Amanita), A. subjunquillea (Sect. phalloideae), A. vaginata var. vaginata (Sect. Vaginatae), and A. virosa (Sect. phalloideae), were reported from Yanshan Mountains for the first time. Our results emphasize that China has a high diversity of Amanita species and that additional studies are required to understand the exact species number. These findings play a crucial role in Amanita toxin research and ecological conservation. This study investigated the areas where Amanita species-related research is lacking. The study also attempted to better understand Amanita distribution and thus contribute to related research. This study enriches the species diversity of Amanita in Yanshan Mountains and offers additional data supporting the macrofungal systematics, toxin research, and diversity and ecological studies of Amanita in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - ChengLin Hou
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
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16
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Cheng H, Zhao J, Zhang J, Wang Z, Liu Z, Ma X, Liang J, Li W, Fu P, Yang S, Guo Y. Attribution Analysis of Household Foodborne Disease Outbreaks in China, 2010-2020. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2023; 20:358-367. [PMID: 37506344 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2022.0070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Foodborne diseases have become a serious public health problem worldwide, and foodborne disease outbreaks have placed a heavy disease burden on China. Foodborne disease outbreaks occur most frequently among families in China. The objectives of this study were to analyze the cause of household foodborne disease outbreaks in China from 2010 to 2020 and to identify where preventive measures could be targeted. All data were obtained from the China Foodborne Disease Surveillance System Report. A total of 17,985 outbreaks, which resulted in 73,252 illnesses, 38,829 hospitalizations, and 1269 deaths, were reported in this period. Most household outbreaks of foodborne diseases occurred in May-October, and the highest number occurred in July (3620 outbreaks, 20%). The province with the highest number of outbreaks was Yunnan Province (4829 outbreaks), followed by Hunan Province (2264 outbreaks). The attribution analysis revealed that fungi (mainly poisonous mushrooms) were the most implicated food category, with 8873 (49.3%) cases. The second was poisonous plants and their products, with 1552 (8.6%) cases. Fungi were the primary etiologic agent, with 31,125 illnesses, accounting for 42.5% of the incidents. Inedibility and misuse (9423 outbreaks), unknown origin (2505 outbreaks), and improper processing (2365 outbreaks) were the main contributing factors causing outbreaks of foodborne diseases. The results show that southwest China was a high-risk area for household foodborne diseases. Therefore, public health institutions should strengthen supervision and food safety education of residents to reduce the outbreaks of household foodborne diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Cheng
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Weifang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong, China
| | - Zhiyuan Wang
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Zhitao Liu
- Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaochen Ma
- Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jinjun Liang
- Hunan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha, China
| | - Weiwei Li
- Division of Risk Surveillance II, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Fu
- Division of Risk Surveillance II, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
| | - Shuxiang Yang
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Yunchang Guo
- Division of Risk Surveillance II, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
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Xu Y, Wang S, Leung CK, Chen H, Wang C, Zhang H, Zhang S, Tan Y, Wang H, Miao L, Li Y, Huang Y, Zhang X, Yang G, Zhang R, Zeng X. α-amanitin induces autophagy through AMPK-mTOR-ULK1 signaling pathway in hepatocytes. Toxicol Lett 2023:S0378-4274(23)00204-7. [PMID: 37329965 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2023.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Amanitin poisoning is one of the most life-threatening mushroom poisonings. α-Amanitin plays a key role in Amanita phalloides intoxication. α-Amanitin shows toxic effects on the liver. However, the mechanism by which α-amanitin induces liver injury has not been elucidated. Autophagy plays a crucial role in maintaining cellular homeostasis and is closely related to the occurrence of a variety of diseases. Studies have shown that autophagy may play an important role in the process of α-amanitin-induced liver injury. However, the mechanism of α-amanitin-induced autophagy remains unclear. Thus, this study aimed to explore the mechanisms of α-amanitin in inducing hepatotoxicity in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats and the normal human liver cell line L02 cells. The SD rats and L02 cells exposed to α-amanitin were observed to determine whether α-amanitin could induce the autophagy of rat liver and L02 cells. The regulatory relationship between autophagy and the AMPK-mTOR- ULK pathway by exposing the autophagy agonist (rapamycin (RAPA)), autophagy inhibitor (3-methylademine (3-MA)), and AMPK inhibitor (compound C) was also explored. Autophagy-related proteins and AMPK-mTOR-ULK pathway-related proteins were detected using Western blot. The results of the study indicated that exposure to different concentrations of α-amanitin led to morphological changes in liver cells and significantly elevated levels of ALT and AST in the serum of SD rats. Additionally, the expression levels of LC3-II, Beclin-1, ATG5, ATG7, AMPK, p-AMPK, mTOR, p-mTOR, and ULK1 were significantly increased in the rat liver. And we found that L02 cells exposed to 0.5μM α-amanitin for 6h significantly induced autophagy and activated the AMPK-mTOR-ULK1 pathway. Pretreated with RAPA, 3-MA, and compound C for 1h, the expression levels of autophagy-related proteins and AMPK-mTOR-ULK pathway-related proteins significantly changed. Our results indicates that autophagy and the AMPK-mTOR-ULK pathway are involved in the process of α-amanitin-induced liver injury. This study may foster the identification of actionable therapeutic targets for A. phalloides intoxication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Xu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Shangwen Wang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Chi-Kwan Leung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; CUHK-SDU Joint Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Chan Wang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Huijie Zhang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Shuwei Zhang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yi Tan
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Haowei Wang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Lin Miao
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yizhen Huang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaoxing Zhang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Genmeng Yang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.
| | - Ruilin Zhang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.
| | - Xiaofeng Zeng
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.
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Lu D, Liu J, Liu H, Guo Y, Dai Y, Liang J, Chen L, Xu L, Fu P, Li N. Epidemiological Features of Foodborne Disease Outbreaks in Catering Service Facilities - China, 2010-2020. China CDC Wkly 2023; 5:479-484. [PMID: 37408617 PMCID: PMC10318556 DOI: 10.46234/ccdcw2023.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction In terms of food preparation settings, catering service facilities have been identified as locations with the highest incidence of foodborne disease outbreaks in China. Since 2010, the China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment has established the Foodborne Disease Outbreak Surveillance System (FDOSS) to monitor foodborne disease outbreaks. Consequently, data from the FDOSS has provided a more accurate depiction of the epidemic characteristics of outbreaks within these facilities. Methods From 2010 to 2020, the FDOSS gathered data related to the prevalence of outbreaks, cases, hospitalizations, and deaths linked to foodborne disease outbreaks in catering service facilities. This study examined the temporal and geographical distribution, pathogenic factors, and contributing variables of these outbreaks over the course of the decade. Results From 2010 to 2020, China's catering service facilities reported 18,331 outbreaks, which resulted in 206,718 illnesses, 68,561 hospitalizations, and 201 deaths. The second and third quarters of the year accounted for 76.12% of the outbreaks and 72.93% of the cases. The primary pathogenic factors were pathogenic organisms, which caused 4,883 (26.64%) outbreaks, 94,047 (45.50%) cases, 32,170 (46.92%) hospitalizations, and 21 (10.45%) deaths. There were 5,607 (30.59%) outbreaks in restaurants, 2,876 (15.69%) outbreaks from street vendors, and 2,560 (13.97%) outbreaks in employee canteens in China. Conclusions The implementation of relevant control methods, including health education and promotion, is critical for addressing foodborne diseases in catering service facilities. Regular food safety training sessions for restaurant personnel and managers are essential to ensuring the effective management of these health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donglei Lu
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Jikai Liu
- China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunchang Guo
- China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Dai
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Junhua Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Lili Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Lizi Xu
- Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei City, Anhui Province, China
| | - Ping Fu
- China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Li
- China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
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19
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Tie L, Lang Z, Deng L, Junqiang Z. Studies on macrofungi diversity and discovery of new species of Abortiporus from Baotianman World Biosphere Reserve. Open Life Sci 2023; 18:20220614. [PMID: 37250844 PMCID: PMC10224618 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
This research focuses on macrofungi in Baotianman Biosphere Reserve and their relationships with plant ecosystems. The findings demonstrate the reserve's macrofungal resources. The study collected 832 specimens, among which 351 macrofungi species were identified, belonging to six classes, 19 orders, 54 familiae, and 124 genera, and one new species of Abortiporus was found. Among them, 11 familiae with a total of 231 species were dominated, accounting for 20.37% of the total number of familiae and 65.81% of the total number of species; 14 genera with a total of 147 species were dominated, accounting for about 11.38% the total number of genera and 41.88% of the total number of species. The richness of macrofungi at the species level was considerably different across the four vegetation types in the reserve, showing that the vegetation types had a bigger influence on macrofungi. In the evaluation of macrofungal resources, a total of 196 species of edible fungi, 121 species of medicinal fungi, 52 species of poisonous fungi, and 37 species of macrofungi with unclear economic value were counted. Abortiporus baotianmanensis is a new species of podoscyphaceae in the genus Abortiporus. The new species display the reserve's richness. Next, the project seeks to generate and conserve macrofungal resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Tie
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, 467036, PR China
| | - Zhao Lang
- Zhengzhou Foreign Language School, Zhengzhou, 452470, PR China
| | - Li Deng
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, 467036, PR China
| | - Zhao Junqiang
- Xuchang Customs of the People’s Republic of China, 461000Xuchang, Henan, China
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20
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Wang B, Wan AH, Xu Y, Zhang RX, Zhao BC, Zhao XY, Shi YC, Zhang X, Xue Y, Luo Y, Deng Y, Neely GG, Wan G, Wang QP. Identification of indocyanine green as a STT3B inhibitor against mushroom α-amanitin cytotoxicity. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2241. [PMID: 37193694 PMCID: PMC10188588 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37714-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The "death cap", Amanita phalloides, is the world's most poisonous mushroom, responsible for 90% of mushroom-related fatalities. The most fatal component of the death cap is α-amanitin. Despite its lethal effect, the exact mechanisms of how α-amanitin poisons humans remain unclear, leading to no specific antidote available for treatment. Here we show that STT3B is required for α-amanitin toxicity and its inhibitor, indocyanine green (ICG), can be used as a specific antidote. By combining a genome-wide CRISPR screen with an in silico drug screening and in vivo functional validation, we discover that N-glycan biosynthesis pathway and its key component, STT3B, play a crucial role in α-amanitin toxicity and that ICG is a STT3B inhibitor. Furthermore, we demonstrate that ICG is effective in blocking the toxic effect of α-amanitin in cells, liver organoids, and male mice, resulting in an overall increase in animal survival. Together, by combining a genome-wide CRISPR screen for α-amanitin toxicity with an in silico drug screen and functional validation in vivo, our study highlights ICG as a STT3B inhibitor against the mushroom toxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Wang
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Aging, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Arabella H Wan
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yu Xu
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Aging, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Ruo-Xin Zhang
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Aging, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Ben-Chi Zhao
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Aging, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Xin-Yuan Zhao
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Aging, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Yan-Chuan Shi
- Obesity and Metabolic Disease Research Group, Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, Australia
| | - Xiaolei Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yongbo Xue
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Yong Luo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Yinyue Deng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - G Gregory Neely
- Dr. John and Anne Chong Laboratory for Functional Genomics, Charles Perkins Centre and School of Life & Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Guohui Wan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China.
| | - Qiao-Ping Wang
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Aging, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, PR China.
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21
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Ma J, Xia J, Li HJ, Su LJ, Xue R, Jiang S, Yu TJ, Liu Y, Tang LP. Four cases of reported adverse effects from black boletoi, Anthracoporus nigropurpureus Hongo (Boletaceae) mushroom ingestion. Toxicon 2023; 230:107155. [PMID: 37169265 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2023.107155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
In southwestern China, wild boletes are generally considered as safe and tasty edible mushrooms. However, in fact, significant adverse effects after ingestion of boletes is commonly reported in this region. In June 2022, four cases occurred in central and southwestern of China. In these case series, five adults and one child ingested wild boletoi mushrooms known locally as "Yanyoujun" (). This study carried out a detailed epidemiological investigation and mushroom identification. Based on morphological and phylogenetic analysis, the suspected mushrooms were identified as Anthracoporus nigropurpureus (Boletaceae). All five adult victims reported dizziness and blurred vision. Some of them also reported different symptoms, such as muscle weakness, red eyes, headache, muscle cramps, even tremors in the extremities. Reportedly, the symptoms began to subside about four to 8 h after ingestion. Among six victims, the child was asymptomatic possibly because a small amount of mushroom was ingested. This possible poisoning appears to be a self-limited illness with a short latency and a relatively short duration. Unfortunately, laboratory investigations of the victims were not performed. Further observations and formal medical examination of victims are required in the future. It is the first detailed report of possible poisoning the genus Anthracoporus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Jing Xia
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Hai-Jiao Li
- National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Lin-Jie Su
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Rou Xue
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Shuai Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Tai-Jie Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China.
| | - Li-Ping Tang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China.
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22
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Vaibhav V, Meshram R, S Y, Jha N, Khorwal G. Mushroom Poisoning: A Case Series With a Literature Review of Cases in the Indian Subcontinent. Cureus 2023; 15:e39550. [PMID: 37378168 PMCID: PMC10292043 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.39550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mushroom is a fungus widely used as an edible in various parts of the world, especially in hilly regions with damp climates. Nevertheless, when picked from the wild to use as a vegetable, it has proved fatal for people ingesting it due to a lack of knowledge for distinguishing between poisonous and non-poisonous mushrooms by the people of the local community. Three cases presented as emergencies from a single household comprising a 13-year-old girl and both her grandparents following the ingestion of mushrooms picked from a nearby forest area. Luckily the parents of the girl were out for work, so they survived and helped identify the mushroom. Most cases are not reported or documented, and data are present mainly in the form of case reports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Vaibhav
- Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) Rishikesh, Rishikesh, IND
| | - Raviprakash Meshram
- Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) Rishikesh, Rishikesh, IND
| | - Yashpal S
- Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) Rishikesh, Rishikesh, IND
| | - Nishi Jha
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) Rishikesh, Rishikesh, IND
| | - Gitanjali Khorwal
- Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) Rishikesh, Rishikesh, IND
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23
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Liu Y, Lyu X, Yang B, Fang Z, Hu D, Shi L, Wu B, Tian Y, Zhang E, Yang Y. Early Triage of Critically Ill Adult Patients With Mushroom Poisoning: Machine Learning Approach. JMIR Form Res 2023; 7:e44666. [PMID: 36943366 PMCID: PMC10131621 DOI: 10.2196/44666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early triage of patients with mushroom poisoning is essential for administering precise treatment and reducing mortality. To our knowledge, there has been no established method to triage patients with mushroom poisoning based on clinical data. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this work was to construct a triage system to identify patients with mushroom poisoning based on clinical indicators using several machine learning approaches and to assess the prediction accuracy of these strategies. METHODS In all, 567 patients were collected from 5 primary care hospitals and facilities in Enshi, Hubei Province, China, and divided into 2 groups; 322 patients from 2 hospitals were used as the training cohort, and 245 patients from 3 hospitals were used as the test cohort. Four machine learning algorithms were used to construct the triage model for patients with mushroom poisoning. Performance was assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), decision curve, sensitivity, specificity, and other representative statistics. Feature contributions were evaluated using Shapley additive explanations. RESULTS Among several machine learning algorithms, extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) showed the best discriminative ability in 5-fold cross-validation (AUC=0.83, 95% CI 0.77-0.90) and the test set (AUC=0.90, 95% CI 0.83-0.96). In the test set, the XGBoost model had a sensitivity of 0.93 (95% CI 0.81-0.99) and a specificity of 0.79 (95% CI 0.73-0.85), whereas the physicians' assessment had a sensitivity of 0.86 (95% CI 0.72-0.95) and a specificity of 0.66 (95% CI 0.59-0.73). CONCLUSIONS The 14-factor XGBoost model for the early triage of mushroom poisoning can rapidly and accurately identify critically ill patients and will possibly serve as an important basis for the selection of treatment options and referral of patients, potentially reducing patient mortality and improving clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoguang Lyu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Xianfeng, Enshi, China
| | - Zhixiang Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dejun Hu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Xianfeng, Enshi, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Nephrology, Minda Hospital of Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, China
| | - Bisheng Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Xianfeng, Enshi, China
| | - Yong Tian
- Department of Internal Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Laifeng, Enshi, China
| | - Enli Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Central Hospital of Hefeng, Enshi, China
| | - YuanChao Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Xuanen, Enshi, China
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24
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Determination of protein-bound α-amanitin in mouse plasma: A potential new indicator of poisoning with the mushroom toxin α-amanitin. Toxicon 2023; 226:107067. [PMID: 36871921 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2023.107067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Approximately 70%∼90% of mushroom poisoning deaths are caused by the class of mushroom toxins known as amatoxins. However, the rapid elimination of amatoxins from plasma within 48 h after mushroom ingestion limits the practical value of plasma amatoxin analysis as a diagnostic indicator of Amanita mushroom poisoning. To increase the positive detection rate and extend the detection window of amatoxin poisoning, we developed a new method to detect protein-bound α-amanitin based on the hypothesis that RNAP II-bound α-amanitin released from the tissue into the plasma could be degraded by trypsin hydrolysis and then detected by conventional liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC‒MS). Toxicokinetic studies on mice intraperitoneally injected with 0.33 mg/kg α-amanitin were conducted to obtain and compare the concentration trends, detection rates, and detection windows of both free α-amanitin and protein-bound α-amanitin. By comparing detection results with and without trypsin hydrolysis in the liver and plasma of α-amanitin-poisoned mice, we verified the credibility of this method and the existence of protein-bound α-amanitin in plasma. Under the optimized trypsin hydrolysis conditions, we obtained a time-dependent trend of protein-bound α-amanitin in mouse plasma at 1-12 days postexposure. In contrast to the short detection window (0-4 h) of free α-amanitin in mouse plasma, the detection window of protein-bound α-amanitin was extended to 10 days postexposure, with a total detection rate of 53.33%, ranging from the limit of detection to 23.94 μg/L. In conclusion, protein-bound α-amanitin had a higher positive detection rate and a longer detection window than free α-amanitin in mice.
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25
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Chen J, Liu H, Li T, Wang Y. Edibility and species discrimination of wild bolete mushrooms using FT-NIR spectroscopy combined with DD-SIMCA and RF models. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2023.114701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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26
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Janatolmakan M, Jalilian M, Rezaeian S, Abdi A, Khatony A. Mortality rate and liver transplant in patients with mushroom poisoning: A systematic review & meta-analysis. Heliyon 2022; 9:e12759. [PMID: 36685402 PMCID: PMC9849942 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mushroom poisoning is raised as a poor food problem that can cause the death of patients or the need for a liver transplant. Objective This study was conducted with the aim of assessment the mortality rate and liver transplantation in people suffering from mushroom poisoning through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Method The study is designed and conducted based on the PRISMA statement. International databases have been checked for articles up to March 1, 2022. The results of the study are presented with the guidance of Garrard's statement. CMA software was used in meta-analysis. Results Thirty-three articles were selected for this study. The mortality rate reported 0-40% and the results of the meta-analysis showed that the mortality rate was 2.87%. in other hand the mortality rate was 1.4% with studies that reported zero death. Overall, 16 patients had liver transplants, that only 2 died after liver transplants and 14 others survived. Conclusion The death in patients with mushroom poisoning is significant. Patients with liver disorders and patients or kidney disorders are more likely to have a poor prognosis. Liver transplant can be lifesaving. Also, quick referral of patients in the early stages reduces the need for liver transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Janatolmakan
- Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Milad Jalilian
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Shahab Rezaeian
- School of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Alireza Abdi
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Alireza Khatony
- Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran,Infectious Diseases Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran,Corresponding author. Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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27
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Zhao Z, E H, Tian E, Fan T, Yang X, Li X, Zhang Y, Li X, Chen A, Zhou C, Zhao X. Structural annotation and discovery of toxic cyclopeptides and their analogues in lethal mushroom Amanita and Lepiota species using UPLC-HRMS and molecular networking strategy. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.109548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
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28
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Xu J. Assessing global fungal threats to humans. MLIFE 2022; 1:223-240. [PMID: 38818220 PMCID: PMC10989982 DOI: 10.1002/mlf2.12036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Fungi are an integral part of the earth's biosphere. They are broadly distributed in all continents and ecosystems and play a diversity of roles. Here, I review our current understanding of fungal threats to humans and describe the major factors that contribute to various threats. Among the 140,000 or so known species out of the estimated six million fungal species on Earth, about 10% directly or indirectly threaten human health and welfare. Major threats include mushroom poisoning, fungal allergies, infections of crop plants, food contamination by mycotoxins, and mycoses in humans. A growing number of factors have been identified to impact various fungal threats, including human demographics, crop distributions, anthropogenic activities, pathogen dispersals, global climate change, and/or the applications of antifungal drugs and agricultural fungicides. However, while models have been developed for analyzing various processes of individual threats and threat managements, current data are primarily descriptive and incomplete, and there are significant obstacles to integration of the diverse factors into accurate quantitative assessments of fungal threats. With increasing technological advances and concerted efforts to track the spatial and temporal data on climate and environmental variables; mycotoxins in the feed and food supply chains; fungal population dynamics in crop fields, human and animal populations, and the environment; human population demographics; and the prevalence and severities of fungal allergies and diseases, our ability to accurately assess fungal threats will improve. Such improvements should help us develop holistic strategies to manage fungal threats in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Xu
- Department of Biology and Institute of Infectious Diseases ResearchMcMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada
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29
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Document analysis of foodborne diseases and intervention strategies in Philippine basic education for the last 17 years. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.108984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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30
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Chemical profiles and health-promoting effects of porcini mushroom (Boletus edulis): A narrative review. Food Chem 2022; 390:133199. [PMID: 35597089 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Boletus edulis is an edible mushroom with nutritious, delicacy, and pharmacological properties. It is rich in carbohydrates, proteins, minerals, and taste compounds, while low in fat and calories. Diverse bioactive compounds, including polysaccharides, phenolic compounds, and phytosterols, have been found in B. edulis. In addition, bioactive compounds and chemical extracts from B. edulis have been verified to possess constipation prevention, antioxidant, antineoplastic, anti-inflammatory, hepato-protective, antibacterial, and antiviral activities. This paper provides an overview of B. edulis research in recent two decades, emphasizing the nutrition constituents, taste and flavor components, bioactive compounds, and health-promoting effects of B. edulis. Boletus edulis appeared to have health-promoting effects that may effectively prevent or treat various chronic diseases. The potential of B. edulis as a functional food and medicine needs to be further investigated and confirmed.
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31
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Acute mushroom poisoning of Amanita pseudosychnopyramis: A case report from Fujian, China with exact species identification and descriptive study. Toxicon 2022; 212:55-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2022.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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32
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Zhu J, Dou L, Shao S, Kou J, Yu X, Wen K, Wang Z, Yu W. An Automated and Highly Sensitive Chemiluminescence Immunoassay for Diagnosing Mushroom Poisoning. Front Chem 2022; 9:813219. [PMID: 35004629 PMCID: PMC8733245 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.813219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mushrooms containing Amanita peptide toxins are the major cause of mushroom poisoning, and lead to approximately 90% of deaths. Phallotoxins are the fastest toxin causing poisoning among Amanita peptide toxins. Thus, it is imperative to construct a highly sensitive quantification method for the rapid diagnosis of mushroom poisoning. In this study, we established a highly sensitive and automated magnetic bead (MB)-based chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA) for the early, rapid diagnosis of mushroom poisoning. The limits of detection (LODs) for phallotoxins were 0.010 ng/ml in human serum and 0.009 ng/ml in human urine. Recoveries ranged from 81.6 to 95.6% with a coefficient of variation <12.9%. Analysis of Amanita phalloides samples by the automated MB-based CLIA was in accordance with that of HPLC-MS/MS. The advantages the MB-based CLIA, high sensitivity, repeatability, and stability, were due to the use of MBs as immune carriers, chemiluminescence as a detection signal, and an integrated device to automate the whole process. Therefore, the proposed automated MB-based CLIA is a promising option for the early and rapid clinical diagnosis of mushroom poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyu Zhu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,School of Basic Medicine, Beihua University, Jilin, China
| | - Leina Dou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shibei Shao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaqian Kou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuezhi Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Wen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhanhui Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenbo Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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乔 玉. Progress Research on Poisoning Mechanism and Detection Methods of Poisonous Mushroom. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2022. [DOI: 10.12677/biphy.2022.102002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Zhong J, Xu J, Zhang P. Diversity, Dispersal and Mode of Reproduction of Amanita exitialis in Southern China. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:1907. [PMID: 34946858 PMCID: PMC8701279 DOI: 10.3390/genes12121907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Amanita exitialis is a poisonous mushroom and has caused many deaths in southern China. In this study, we collected 118 fruiting bodies of A. exitialis from seven different sites in Guangdong Province in southern China and investigated their genetic relationships using 14 polymorphic molecular markers. These 14 markers grouped the 118 fruiting bodies into 20 multilocus genotypes. Among these 20 genotypes, eight were each found only once while the remaining 12 were each represented by two to 54 fruiting bodies. Interestingly, among the 12 shared genotypes, four were shared between/among local populations that were separated by as far as over 80 km, a result consistent with secondary homothallic reproduction and long-distance spore dispersal. Despite the observed gene flow, significant genetic differentiations were found among the local populations, primarily due to the over-representation of certain genotypes within individual local populations. STRUCTURE analyses revealed that the 118 fruiting bodies belonged to three genetic clusters, consistent with divergence within this species in this geographic region. Interestingly, we found an excess of heterozygous individuals at both the local and the total sample level, suggesting potential inbreeding depression and heterozygous advantage in these populations of A. exitialis. We discuss the implications of our results for understanding the life cycle, dispersal, and evolution of this poisonous mushroom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhong
- College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China;
| | - Jianping Xu
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada;
| | - Ping Zhang
- College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China;
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