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Kayamba V, Munshi H, Hankolwe MN, Kaluba Kavimba C, Chongwe G, Knaze V, Park JY, Kelly P. Nationwide survey of Helicobacter pylori seropositivity and gastric atrophy in Zambia. Helicobacter 2024; 29:e13096. [PMID: 38790093 DOI: 10.1111/hel.13096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a common bacterial infection which predominately drives upper gastrointestinal pathology. We carried out a nationwide serological survey in response to the deficiency of robust African data on H. pylori prevalence, age of acquisition, socio-geographic determinants, and impact on gastric physiology. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a cross-sectional study of archival plasma samples collected during the Zambia Population-based HIV impact Assessment (ZAMPHIA) 2016 survey. ZAMPHIA used a two-stage door-to-door stratified cluster sample approach to collect samples from adults and children from age 0 to 59 years (n = 24,266). We randomly retrieved one fifth of these samples from each of Zambia's 10 provinces and used ELISA to test for H. pylori IgG antibodies, pepsinogen 1 and 2 and gastrin-17. A pepsinogen 1:2 ratio of <3 was used to define gastric atrophy. RESULTS The analysis of 4050 plasma samples (30% <16 years, 53% females) revealed an overall H. pylori seroprevalence of 79%. By the age of 10 years, more than 75% of the children had H. pylori. Urban residence was associated with increased odds (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.5-2.2, p < 0.001) and HIV infection was associated with reduced odds (OR 0.7, 95% CI 0.5-0.9, p = 0.02) of H. pylori seropositivity. Gastric atrophy was detected in 6% of H. pylori seropositive adults below 45 years of age and 9% in those between 45 and 59 years. CONCLUSIONS We have confirmed a high prevalence of H. pylori seropositivity in Zambia, predominantly in urban settings. The prevalence of gastric atrophy is broadly consistent with other populations around the globe, but our sample did not include adults over 60 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violet Kayamba
- Tropical Gastroenterology and Nutrition Group, Lusaka, Zambia
- University of Zambia School of Medicine, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Husna Munshi
- Tropical Gastroenterology and Nutrition Group, Lusaka, Zambia
| | | | | | | | - Viktoria Knaze
- Early Detection, Prevention, and Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Jin Young Park
- Early Detection, Prevention, and Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Paul Kelly
- Tropical Gastroenterology and Nutrition Group, Lusaka, Zambia
- University of Zambia School of Medicine, Lusaka, Zambia
- Blizard Institute, Barts & The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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Kanagavalli P, Eissa S. Redox probe-free electrochemical immunosensor utilizing electropolymerized melamine on reduced graphene oxide for the point-of-care diagnosis of gastric cancer. Talanta 2024; 270:125549. [PMID: 38157735 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Pepsinogen I (PG I) is a biomarker that plays a crucial role in the diagnosis of gastric cancer. The development of biosensor to monitor PG I overexpression in serum is crucial for early gastric cancer diagnosis, offering a less invasive alternative to the costly and uncomfortable gastroscopy procedure. This study presents a cost-efficient, scalable and disposable label-free biosensing strategy for detecting PG I, utilizing a redox-active polymelamine electrodeposited on a reduced graphene oxide screen-printed electrode surface (PM-rGO/SPE). Under optimized conditions, the conducting polymer PM was deposited on the rGO/SPE via a potentiodynamic method. The structural and morphological features of PM-rGO/SPE were analyzed with the assistance of Raman and Scanning Electron Microscopy analysis. Specific monoclonal anti-PG I antibodies were immobilized on the in situ prepared redox-active layer via EDC/NHS chemistry to develop a novel electrochemical immunosensor. Unlike the traditional immunosensing strategies which utilizes external redox probe solution for measuring the signal, the developed configuration allowed for redox-probe free monitoring of current changes of the redox active PM resulting from the formation of the immunocomplex on the electrode surface. Utilizing this method, PG I detection spanned a clinically relevant concentration range of 0.01-200 ng/mL, with a low limit of detection at 9.1 pg/mL. The electrochemical immunosensor demonstrated specificity against other biomarkers such as PDCD1, ErBb2, and CD28 with negligible interference. The immunosensor exhibited excellent recovery capabilities for PG I detection in serum samples. These findings underscore the potential of the PM-rGO/SPE immunosensor as a point-of-care diagnostic tool for gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pandiyaraj Kanagavalli
- Department of Chemistry, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Shimaa Eissa
- Department of Chemistry, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates; Advanced Materials Chemistry Center (AMCC), Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates.
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Zhang S, Ma J, He L, Li Q, He P, Li J, Zhang H. Generation and characterization of nanobodies targeting human pepsinogens. Protein Expr Purif 2024; 216:106431. [PMID: 38184161 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2024.106431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Human pepsinogens (mainly pepsinogen I and pepsinogen II) are the major inactive precursor forms of the digestive enzyme pepsin which play a crucial role in protein digestion. The levels and ratios of human pepsinogens have demonstrated potential as diagnostic biomarkers for gastrointestinal diseases, particularly gastric cancer. Nanobodies are promising tools for the treatment and diagnosis of diseases, owing to their unique recognition properties. In this study, recombinant human pepsinogens proteins were expressed and purified as immunized antigens. We constructed a VHH phage library and identified several nanobodies via phage display bio-panning. We determined the binding potency and cross-reactivity of these nanobodies. Our study provides technical support for developing immunodiagnostic reagents targeting human pepsinogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenglan Zhang
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), 510005, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Jieyao Ma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan University of Medicine, 418000, Huaihua, China
| | - Liu He
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), 510005, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qianying Li
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), 510005, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pan He
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), 510005, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Li
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), 510005, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huicong Zhang
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), 510005, Guangzhou, China
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Miftahussurur M, Waskito LA, Syam AF, Nusi IA, Wibawa IDN, Rezkitha YAA, Fauzia KA, Siregar GA, Akil F, Waleleng BJ, Saudale AMJ, Abubakar A, Maulahela H, Richardo M, Rahman A, Namara YS, Sudarmo E, Adi P, Maimunah U, Setiawan PB, Doohan D, Uchida T, Dewayani A, Rejeki PS, Sugihartono T, Yamaoka Y. Serum pepsinogen level as a biomarker for atrophy, reflux esophagitis, and gastric cancer screening in Indonesia. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN MEDICAL SCIENCES : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF ISFAHAN UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2022; 27:90. [PMID: 36685023 PMCID: PMC9854938 DOI: 10.4103/jrms.jrms_983_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Chronic dyspepsia's symptoms are frequently seen in primary to tertiary healthcare in Indonesia. This study aimed to describe the potential usability of pepsinogen (PG) values in determining gastric mucosal conditions, including superficial gastritis and atrophic gastritis. Materials and Methods We recruited 646 adult dyspeptic patients and then analyzed PG values (including PGI, PGII, and PGI/II ratio) with endoscopic findings, gastric mucosal damages, and Helicobacter pylori infection. The gastric mucosal damage and H. pylori infection were evaluated using histological examination based on the updated Sydney system. Results Among 646 enrolled patients, 308 (47.2%), 212 (32.8%), 91 (14.1%), 34 (5.2%), and 1 (0.2%) patient were diagnosed with normal mucosa, gastritis, reflux esophagitis, peptic ulcer disease, and gastric cancer, respectively. Significant differences in PGI, PGII, and PGI/II ratio values were observed among ethnic groups (all P < 0.01). The PGI and PGII levels were significantly higher and PGI/II was significantly lower in H. pylori-infected patients than in uninfected ones (all P < 0.001). The optimal cutoff value for PGII and PGI/II was 12.45 ng/mL with an area under the curve (AUC) value of 0.755 (0.702-0.811), sensitivity 59.3%, and specificity 77.1%; and 4.75 with AUC value of 0.821 (0.763-0.855), sensitivity 81.5%, and specificity 78.7%, respectively, to determine moderate-severe atrophy. Conclusion Serum PG levels, a useful biomarker, represent the endoscopic findings, especially for reflux esophagitis. In addition, the benefits of PG values detecting atrophic gastritis were limited to moderate-severe atrophic gastritis. This usefulness requires careful attention for several ethnic groups in Indonesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Miftahussurur
- Division of Gastroentero-Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dr. Soetomo Teaching Hospital, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Helicobacter pylori and Microbiota Study Group, Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Langgeng Agung Waskito
- Helicobacter pylori and Microbiota Study Group, Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Japan
| | - Ari Fahrial Syam
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Iswan Abbas Nusi
- Division of Gastroentero-Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dr. Soetomo Teaching Hospital, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - I Dewa Nyoman Wibawa
- Division of Gastroentero-Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine University of Udayana, Denpasar, Indonesia
| | - Yudith Annisa Ayu Rezkitha
- Helicobacter pylori and Microbiota Study Group, Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Muhammadiyah Surabaya, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Kartika Afrida Fauzia
- Helicobacter pylori and Microbiota Study Group, Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Japan
| | - Gontar Alamsyah Siregar
- Division of Gastroentero-Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Fardah Akil
- Center of Gastroentero-Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Bradley Jimmy Waleleng
- Division of Gastroentero-Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sam Ratulangi, Prof. Dr. RD Kandou Hospital, Manado, Indonesia
| | | | - Azzaki Abubakar
- Division of Gastroenterohepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Dr. Zainoel Abidin General Hospital, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Hasan Maulahela
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Marselino Richardo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Merauke City General Hospital, Merauke, Indonesia
| | - Abdul Rahman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kolaka General Hospital, Kolaka, Indonesia
| | - Yoma Sari Namara
- Department of Internal Medicine, Anutapura General Hospital, Palu, Indonesia
| | - Eko Sudarmo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dr. Hasan Busori General Hospital, Ternate, Indonesia
| | - Pangestu Adi
- Helicobacter pylori and Microbiota Study Group, Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Ummi Maimunah
- Division of Gastroentero-Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dr. Soetomo Teaching Hospital, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Poernomo Boedi Setiawan
- Division of Gastroentero-Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dr. Soetomo Teaching Hospital, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Dalla Doohan
- Helicobacter pylori and Microbiota Study Group, Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Uchida
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Japan
| | - Astri Dewayani
- Helicobacter pylori and Microbiota Study Group, Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Department of Infectious Disease Control, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Japan
| | - Purwo Sri Rejeki
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Titong Sugihartono
- Division of Gastroentero-Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dr. Soetomo Teaching Hospital, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Yoshio Yamaoka
- Division of Gastroentero-Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dr. Soetomo Teaching Hospital, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Japan
- Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Section, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
- Global Oita Medical Advanced Research Center for Health, Yufu, Japan
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Haque E, Esmail A, Muhsen I, Salah H, Abdelrahim M. Recent Trends and Advancements in the Diagnosis and Management of Gastric Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:5615. [PMID: 36428707 PMCID: PMC9688354 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14225615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is an enigmatic malignancy that has recently been shown to be increasing in incidence globally. There has been recent progress in emerging technologies for the diagnosis and treatment of the disease. Improvements in non-invasive diagnostic techniques with serological tests and biomarkers have led to decreased use of invasive procedures such as endoscopy. A multidisciplinary approach is used to treat gastric cancer, with recent significant advancements in systemic therapies used in combination with cytotoxic chemotherapies. New therapeutic targets have been identified and clinical trials are taking place to assess their efficacy and safety. In this review, we provide an overview of the current and emerging treatment strategies and diagnostic techniques for gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emaan Haque
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Esmail
- Section of GI Oncology, Houston Methodist Neal Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ibrahim Muhsen
- Section of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Haneen Salah
- Department of Pathology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Maen Abdelrahim
- Section of GI Oncology, Houston Methodist Neal Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Cockrell Center for Advanced Therapeutic Phase I Program, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA
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6
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Diagnostic performances of pepsinogens and gastrin-17 for atrophic gastritis and gastric cancer in Mongolian subjects. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0274938. [PMID: 36251649 PMCID: PMC9576095 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In Mongolia, gastric cancer morbidity and mortality are high, and more than 80 percent of cases are diagnosed at an advanced stage. This study aimed to evaluate pepsinogens (PGIs) and gastrin-17 (G-17) levels and to determine the diagnostic performances for gastric cancer and chronic atrophic gastritis among Mongolian individuals. We enrolled a total of 120 subjects, including gastric cancer (40), atrophic gastritis (40), and healthy control (40), matched by age (±2) and sex. Pepsinogen I (PGI), Pepsinogen II (PGII), G-17, and H. pylori IgG levels were measured using GastroPanel ELISA kit (Biohit, Helsinki, Finland). Also, PGI to PGII ratio (PGR) was calculated. For atrophic gastritis, when the optimal cut-off value of PGI was ≤75.07 ng/ml, the sensitivity and specificity were 75% and 50%, respectively; when the optimal cut-off value of PGR was ≤6.25, sensitivity and specificity were 85% and 44.7%, respectively. For gastric cancer, when the optimal cut-off value of PGI was ≤35.25 ng/ml, the sensitivity and specificity were 47.2% and 86.8%, respectively; when the optimal cut-off value of PGR was ≤5.27, sensitivity and specificity were 75% and 60.5%, respectively. Combinations of biomarkers with risk factors could improve diagnostic accuracy (AUC for atrophic gastritis 74.8, 95% CI 64.0–85.7, p<0.001; AUC for gastric cancer 75.5, 95% CI 64.2–86.8, p<0.001). PGI, PGR biomarkers combined with the risk of age, family history of gastric cancer, and previous gastric disease could not be an alternative test for upper endoscopy but might be a supportive method which is identifying individuals at medium- and high risk of gastric cancer and precancerous lesions who may need upper endoscopy.
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Nascimento Araujo CD, Amorim AT, Barbosa MS, Alexandre JCPL, Campos GB, Macedo CL, Marques LM, Timenetsky J. Evaluating the presence of Mycoplasma hyorhinis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Helicobacter pylori in biopsies of patients with gastric cancer. Infect Agent Cancer 2021; 16:70. [PMID: 34949212 PMCID: PMC8705184 DOI: 10.1186/s13027-021-00410-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide and has been associated with infections that may promote tumour progression. Accordingly, we analysed the presence of Mollicutes, Mycoplasma hyorhinis, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Helicobacter pylori in gastric cancer tissues and evaluated their correlation with clinicopathological factors. METHODS Using a commercial kit, DNA were extracted from 120 gastric samples embedded in paraffin: 80 from patients with gastric cancer and 40 from cancer free patients, dating from 2006 to 2016. Mollicutes and H. pylori were detected by PCR; F. nucleatum and M. hyorhinis were detected by qPCR, together with immunohistochemistry for the latter bacteria. RESULTS Mollicutes were detected in the case and control groups (12% and 2.5%) and correlated with the papillary histologic pattern (P = 0.003), likely due to cell transformation promoted by Mollicutes. M. hyorhinis was detected in the case and control group but was not considered a cancer risk factor. H. pylori was detected at higher loads in the case compared to the control group (8% and 22%, P = 0.008) and correlated with metastasis (P = 0.024), lymphatic invasion (P = 0.033), tumour of diffused type (P = 0.028), and histopathological grading G1/G2 (P = 0.008). F. nucleatum was the most abundant bacteria in the case group, but was also detected in the control group (26% and 2.5%). It increased the cancer risk factor (P = 0.045, OR = 10.562, CI95% = 1.057-105.521), and correlated with old age (P = 0.030) and tumour size (P = 0.053). Bacterial abundance was significantly different between groups (P = 0.001). CONCLUSION Our findings could improve the control and promote our understanding of opportunistic bacteria and their relevance to malignant phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila do Nascimento Araujo
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, ICB/USP, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aline Teixeira Amorim
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, ICB/USP, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maysa Santos Barbosa
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, ICB/USP, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Guilherme Barreto Campos
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, ICB/USP, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Multidisciplinary Health Institute /Campus Anísio Teixeira, IMS/CAT - UFBA, Federal University of Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Leal Macedo
- Micro - Pathological Anatomy and Cytopathology Service, Vitória da Conquista, Brazil
| | - Lucas Miranda Marques
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, ICB/USP, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. .,Multidisciplinary Health Institute /Campus Anísio Teixeira, IMS/CAT - UFBA, Federal University of Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, Brazil.
| | - Jorge Timenetsky
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, ICB/USP, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Alikhani M, Saberi S, Esmaeili M, Michel V, Tashakoripour M, Abdirad A, Aghakhani A, Eybpoosh S, Vosough M, Mohagheghi MA, Eshagh Hosseini M, Touati E, Mohammadi M. Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number Variations and Serum Pepsinogen Levels for Risk Assessment in Gastric Cancer. IRANIAN BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL 2021; 25:323-33. [PMID: 34425651 PMCID: PMC8487685 DOI: 10.52547/ibj.25.5.323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Background Variations in mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNA-CN) of peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs), as a potential biomarker for gastric cancer (GC) screening has currently been subject to controversy. Herein, we have assessed its efficiency in GC screening, in parallel and in combination with serum pepsinogen (sPG) I/II ratio, as an established indicator of gastric atrophy. Methods The study population included GC (n = 53) and non-GC (n = 207) dyspeptic patients. The non-GC group was histologically categorized into CG (n = 104) and NM (n = 103) subgroups. The MtDNA-CN of PBLs was measured by quantitative real-time PCR. The sPG I and II levels and anti-H. pylori serum IgG were measured by ELISA. Results The mtDNA-CN was found significantly higher in GC vs. non-GC (OR = 3.0; 95% CI = 1.4, 6.4) subjects. Conversely, GC patients had significantly lower sPG I/II ratio than the non-GC (OR = 3.2; CI = 1.4, 7.2) subjects. The combination of these two biomarkers yielded a dramatic amplification of the odds of GC risk in double-positive (high mtDNA-CN-low sPGI/II) subjects, in reference to double-negatives (low mtDNA-CN-high sPGI/II), when assessed against non-GC (OR = 27.1; CI = 5.0, 147.3), CG (OR = 13.1; CI = 2.4, 72.6), or NM (OR = 49.5; CI = 7.9, 311.6) groups. Conclusion The combination of these two biomarkers, namely mtDNA-CN in PBLs and serum PG I/II ratio, drastically enhanced the efficiency of GC risk assessment, which calls for further validations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Alikhani
- HPGC Research Group, Medical Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samaneh Saberi
- HPGC Research Group, Medical Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Esmaeili
- HPGC Research Group, Medical Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Valérie Michel
- Institut Pasteur, Unit of Helicobacter Pathogenesis, CNRS UMR2001, 25-28 Rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Mohammad Tashakoripour
- Gastroenterology Department, Amiralam Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afshin Abdirad
- Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arezoo Aghakhani
- Clinical Research Dept., Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sana Eybpoosh
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Research Centre for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Massoud Vosough
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mahmoud Eshagh Hosseini
- Gastroenterology Department, Amiralam Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Eliette Touati
- Institut Pasteur, Unit of Helicobacter Pathogenesis, CNRS UMR2001, 25-28 Rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Marjan Mohammadi
- HPGC Research Group, Medical Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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Doohan D, Fauzia KA, Rathnayake J, Lamawansa MD, Waskito LA, Tuan VP, Dashdorj A, Kabamba ET, Phuc BH, Ansari S, Akada J, Matsumoto T, Uchida T, Matsuhisa T, Yamaoka Y. Pepsinogen and Serum IgG Detection Is a Valuable Diagnostic Method for Helicobacter pylori Infection in a Low-Prevalence Country: A Report from Sri Lanka. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11081364. [PMID: 34441303 PMCID: PMC8391933 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11081364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of serum anti-Helicobacter pylori IgG and pepsinogen (PG) detection as a diagnostic method was evaluated in Sri Lanka. Gastric biopsies were performed (353 patients), and the prevalence of H. pylori infection was 1.7% (culture) and 2.0% (histology). IgG serology testing showed an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.922 (cut-off, 2.95 U/mL; specificity, 91.56%; sensitivity, 88.89%). Histological evaluation showed mild atrophy (34.3%), moderate atrophy (1.7%), metaplasia (1.7%), chronic gastritis (6.2%), and normal tissue (56%). The PGI/PGII ratio was significantly higher in H. pylori-negative patients (p < 0.01). PGII and PGI/PGII levels were lower in patients with metaplasia than in those with normal mucosa (p = 0.049 and p < 0.001, respectively). The PGI/PGII ratio best discriminated metaplasia and moderate atrophy (AUC 0.88 and 0.76, respectively). PGI and PGII alone showed poor discriminative ability, especially in mild atrophy (0.55 and 0.53, respectively) and chronic gastritis (0.55 and 0.53, respectively). The best cut-off to discriminate metaplasia was 3.25 U/mL (95.19% specificity, 83.33% sensitivity). Anti-H. pylori IgG and PG assessment (ABC method) was performed (group B, 2.0%; group A, 92.1%). The new cut-off more accurately identified patients with metaplasia requiring follow-up (group B, 5.4%). Assessment of anti-H. pylori IgG and PG is valuable in countries with a low prevalence of H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalla Doohan
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu 879-5593, Japan; (D.D.); (K.A.F.); (L.A.W.); (V.P.T.); (A.D.); (E.T.K.); (B.H.P.); (S.A.); (J.A.); (T.M.)
- Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | - Kartika Afrida Fauzia
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu 879-5593, Japan; (D.D.); (K.A.F.); (L.A.W.); (V.P.T.); (A.D.); (E.T.K.); (B.H.P.); (S.A.); (J.A.); (T.M.)
- Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | - Jeewantha Rathnayake
- Department of Surgery, Teaching Hospital Peradeniya, University of Peradeniya, Kandy 20404, Sri Lanka; (J.R.); (M.D.L.)
| | - Meegahalande Durage Lamawansa
- Department of Surgery, Teaching Hospital Peradeniya, University of Peradeniya, Kandy 20404, Sri Lanka; (J.R.); (M.D.L.)
| | - Langgeng Agung Waskito
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu 879-5593, Japan; (D.D.); (K.A.F.); (L.A.W.); (V.P.T.); (A.D.); (E.T.K.); (B.H.P.); (S.A.); (J.A.); (T.M.)
- Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | - Vo Phuoc Tuan
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu 879-5593, Japan; (D.D.); (K.A.F.); (L.A.W.); (V.P.T.); (A.D.); (E.T.K.); (B.H.P.); (S.A.); (J.A.); (T.M.)
- Department of Endoscopy, Cho Ray Hospital, Ho Chi Minh 749000, Vietnam
| | - Azzaya Dashdorj
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu 879-5593, Japan; (D.D.); (K.A.F.); (L.A.W.); (V.P.T.); (A.D.); (E.T.K.); (B.H.P.); (S.A.); (J.A.); (T.M.)
| | - Evariste Tshibangu Kabamba
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu 879-5593, Japan; (D.D.); (K.A.F.); (L.A.W.); (V.P.T.); (A.D.); (E.T.K.); (B.H.P.); (S.A.); (J.A.); (T.M.)
- Research Center for Infectious Sciences, Department of Parasitology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Bui Hoang Phuc
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu 879-5593, Japan; (D.D.); (K.A.F.); (L.A.W.); (V.P.T.); (A.D.); (E.T.K.); (B.H.P.); (S.A.); (J.A.); (T.M.)
| | - Shamshul Ansari
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu 879-5593, Japan; (D.D.); (K.A.F.); (L.A.W.); (V.P.T.); (A.D.); (E.T.K.); (B.H.P.); (S.A.); (J.A.); (T.M.)
- Department of Microbiology, Teaching Hospital, Chitwan Medical College, Bharatpur 44200, Nepal
| | - Junko Akada
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu 879-5593, Japan; (D.D.); (K.A.F.); (L.A.W.); (V.P.T.); (A.D.); (E.T.K.); (B.H.P.); (S.A.); (J.A.); (T.M.)
| | - Takashi Matsumoto
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu 879-5593, Japan; (D.D.); (K.A.F.); (L.A.W.); (V.P.T.); (A.D.); (E.T.K.); (B.H.P.); (S.A.); (J.A.); (T.M.)
| | - Tomohisa Uchida
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu 879-5593, Japan;
| | - Takeshi Matsuhisa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tama Nagayama University Hospital, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 206-8512, Japan;
| | - Yoshio Yamaoka
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu 879-5593, Japan; (D.D.); (K.A.F.); (L.A.W.); (V.P.T.); (A.D.); (E.T.K.); (B.H.P.); (S.A.); (J.A.); (T.M.)
- Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Section, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Global Oita Medical Advanced Research Center for Health (GO-MARCH), Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu 879-5593, Japan
- Division of Gastroentero-Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dr. Soetomo Teaching Hospital, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-97-586-5740
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10
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Kwon HN, Lee H, Park JW, Kim YH, Park S, Kim JJ. Screening for Early Gastric Cancer Using a Noninvasive Urine Metabolomics Approach. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12102904. [PMID: 33050308 PMCID: PMC7599479 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary There are currently no effective specific biomarkers for the screening of early gastric cancer. Recently, metabolomics has been used to profile small endogenous metabolites, demonstrating significant potential in the diagnosis/screening of cancer, owing to its ability to conduct a noninvasive sample analysis. Here, we performed a urine metabolomics analysis in the context of an early diagnosis of gastric cancer. This approach showed very high diagnostic sensitivity and specificity and performed significantly better than the analysis of serum tumor markers modalities. An additional genomic data analysis revealed the up-regulation of several genes in gastric cancer. This metabolomics-based early diagnosis approach may have the potential for mass screening an average-risk population and may facilitate endoscopic examination through risk stratification. Abstract The early detection of gastric cancer (GC) could decrease its incidence and mortality. However, there are currently no accurate noninvasive markers for GC screening. Therefore, we developed a noninvasive diagnostic approach, employing urine nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabolomics, to discover putative metabolic markers associated with GC. Changes in urine metabolite levels during oncogenesis were evaluated using samples from 103 patients with GC and 100 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Approximately 70% of the patients with GC (n = 69) had stage I GC, with the majority (n = 56) having intramucosal cancer. A multivariate statistical analysis of the urine NMR data well discriminated between the patient and control groups and revealed nine metabolites, including alanine, citrate, creatine, creatinine, glycerol, hippurate, phenylalanine, taurine, and 3-hydroxybutyrate, that contributed to the difference. A diagnostic performance test with a separate validation set exhibited a sensitivity and specificity of more than 90%, even with the intramucosal cancer samples only. In conclusion, the NMR-based urine metabolomics approach may have potential as a convenient screening method for the early detection of GC and may facilitate consequent endoscopic examination through risk stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyuk Nam Kwon
- College of Pharmacy, Natural Product Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea;
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine/Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hyuk Lee
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea; (H.L.); (J.W.P.); (Y.-H.K.)
| | - Ji Won Park
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea; (H.L.); (J.W.P.); (Y.-H.K.)
| | - Young-Ho Kim
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea; (H.L.); (J.W.P.); (Y.-H.K.)
| | - Sunghyouk Park
- College of Pharmacy, Natural Product Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea;
- Correspondence: (S.P.); (J.J.K.); Tel.: +82-(2)-880-7834 (S.P.); +82-(2)-3410-3409 (J.J.K.); Fax: +82-(2)-880-7831 (S.P.); +82-(2)-3410-6983 (J.J.K.)
| | - Jae J. Kim
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea; (H.L.); (J.W.P.); (Y.-H.K.)
- Correspondence: (S.P.); (J.J.K.); Tel.: +82-(2)-880-7834 (S.P.); +82-(2)-3410-3409 (J.J.K.); Fax: +82-(2)-880-7831 (S.P.); +82-(2)-3410-6983 (J.J.K.)
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11
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Noh G, Kim N, Choi Y, Lee HS, Hwang YJ, Kim HJ, Yoon H, Shin CM, Park YS, Lee DH. Long-term follow up of serum pepsinogens in patients with gastric cancer or dysplasia after Helicobacter pylori eradication. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 35:1540-1548. [PMID: 32090375 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.15017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Few studies have evaluated the change in serum pepsinogen (sPG) levels after the eradication of Helicobacter pylori. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of H. pylori eradication on sPG levels in patients with gastric cancer/dysplasia in comparison to a control group. METHODS We prospectively enrolled 368 patients with gastric cancer/dysplasia and 610 control subjects. H. pylori status and sPG levels were measured before and after eradication. The follow-up time points were classified as < 12, 12-23, 24-35, and ≥ 36 months. RESULTS In 179 H. pylori-eradicated patients with gastric cancer/dysplasia and 168 control group subjects, sPG I significantly decreased, and the sPG I/II ratio significantly increased after eradication compared to baseline, and this improvement in sPG values was maintained during all follow-up time points. Significant differences in sPG I and the sPG I/II ratio were observed between the gastric cancer/dysplasia group and the control group < 24 months after eradication. However, these differences in sPG values disappeared after ≥ 24 months of follow up. Moreover, significant differences in the intestinal metaplasia grade were observed between these two groups before eradication until < 24 months after eradication. However, these differences in the intestinal metaplasia grade disappeared after ≥ 24 months of follow up in the corpus. CONCLUSION The sPG values and intestinal metaplasia grade (corpus) in the gastric cancer/dysplasia group became similar to those in the control group at long-term follow up after H. pylori eradication. It might be related with the reduction of metachronous gastric neoplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gitark Noh
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Nayoung Kim
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yonghoon Choi
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Hye Seung Lee
- Departments of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Young Jae Hwang
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Hee Jin Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Myongji Hospital, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Hyuk Yoon
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Cheol Min Shin
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Young Soo Park
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Dong Ho Lee
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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12
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Kim YJ, Chung WC. Is serum pepsinogen testing necessary in populationbased screening for gastric cancer? Korean J Intern Med 2020; 35:544-546. [PMID: 32392661 PMCID: PMC7214357 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2020.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yeon-Ji Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woo Chul Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Correspondence to Woo Chul Chung, M.D. Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Vincent’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 93 Jungbu-daero, Paldal-gu, Suwon 16247, Korea Tel: +82-31-249-5850 Fax: +82-31-253-8898 E-mail:
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13
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Fernandez-Botran R, Wellmann IA, Une C, Méndez-Chacón E, Hernández de Rodas E, Bhandari B, Villagrán de Tercero CI. Seroprevalence of Helicobacter pylori/CagA Antibodies in Guatemalan Gastric Cancer Patients: Association of Seropositivity with Increased Plasma Levels of Pepsinogens but not Soluble Urokinase Plasminogen Activator Receptor. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2020; 103:260-265. [PMID: 32314688 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.19-0934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection by Helicobacter pylori is a major risk factor for gastric cancer (GC), the second leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Although biomarkers such as pepsinogens (PGs) and soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) may have diagnostic and/or prognostic value in patients with GC, their levels may be affected by H. pylori infection. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of the presence of antibodies to H. pylori and cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA) with plasma levels of PGs and suPAR in a cohort of Guatemalan GC patients and controls. To this end, levels of suPAR, Pepsinogens I and II (PGI and PGII), and antibodies to H. pylori and CagA toxin were determined by ELISA in plasma samples from 67 GC patients and 136 matched healthy controls. Seropositivity for CagA was significantly higher in patients with GC than in controls. Pepsinogens II and suPAR levels were higher and PGI/PGII ratios were lower in GC patients than in controls. There was a significant association of H. pylori seropositivity status with increased levels of PGII and lower PGI/PGII ratios, particularly in the control (non-GC) population. The levels of suPAR were not significantly affected by H. pylori or CagA seropositivity status. These results suggest that the seropositivity status for H. pylori and CagA need to be taken into account during the GC diagnostic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Fernandez-Botran
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Irmgardt Alicia Wellmann
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Clas Une
- Instituto de Investigación en Salud (INISA), Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Ericka Méndez-Chacón
- Instituto de Investigación en Salud (INISA), Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Elisa Hernández de Rodas
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Bikash Bhandari
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Information Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Carmen I Villagrán de Tercero
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala
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14
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George S, Lucero Y, Torres JP, Lagomarcino AJ, O'Ryan M. Gastric Damage and Cancer-Associated Biomarkers in Helicobacter pylori-Infected Children. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:90. [PMID: 32117120 PMCID: PMC7029740 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is well-known to be involved in gastric carcinogenesis, associated with deregulation of cell proliferation and epigenetic changes in cancer-related genes. H. pylori infection is largely acquired during childhood, persisting long-term in about half of infected individuals, a subset of whom will go on to develop peptic ulcer disease and eventually gastric cancer, however, the sequence of events leading to disease is not completely understood. Knowledge on carcinogenesis and gastric damage-related biomarkers is abundant in adult populations, but scarce in children. We performed an extensive literature review focusing on gastric cancer related biomarkers identified in adult populations, which have been detected in children infected with H. pylori. Biomarkers were related to expression levels (RNA or protein) and/or methylation levels (DNA) in gastric tissue or blood of infected children as compared to non-infected controls. In this review, we identified 37 biomarkers of which 24 are over expressed, three are under expressed, and ten genes are significantly hypermethylated in H. pylori-infected children compared to healthy controls in at least 1 study. Only four of these biomarkers (pepsinogen I, pepsinogen II, gastrin, and SLC5A8) have been studied in asymptomatically infected children. Importantly, 13 of these biomarkers (β-catenin, C-MYC, GATA-4, DAPK1, CXCL13, DC-SIGN, TIMP3, EGFR, GRIN2B, PIM2, SLC5A8, CDH1, and VCAM-1.) are consistently deregulated in infected children and in adults with gastric cancer. Future studies should be designed to determine the clinical significance of these changes in infection-associated biomarkers in children and their persistence over time. The effect of eradication therapy over these biomarkers in children if proven significant, could lead to modifications in treatment guidelines for younger populations, and eventually promote the development of preventive strategies, such as vaccination, in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio George
- Host-Pathogen Interaction Laboratory, Microbiology and Mycology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Yalda Lucero
- Host-Pathogen Interaction Laboratory, Microbiology and Mycology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery, Dr. Roberto del Río Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan Pablo Torres
- Host-Pathogen Interaction Laboratory, Microbiology and Mycology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery, Dr. Luis Calvo Mackenna Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Anne J Lagomarcino
- Host-Pathogen Interaction Laboratory, Microbiology and Mycology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Miguel O'Ryan
- Host-Pathogen Interaction Laboratory, Microbiology and Mycology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy (IMII), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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15
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Mansour-Ghanaei F, Joukar F, Baghaee M, Sepehrimanesh M, Hojati A. Only serum pepsinogen I and pepsinogen I/II ratio are specific and sensitive biomarkers for screening of gastric cancer. Biomol Concepts 2019; 10:82-90. [PMID: 31188744 DOI: 10.1515/bmc-2019-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose We aimed to determine optimal cut-off points of plasma levels of ghrelin and serum levels of pepsinogen I, II, and their ratio for screening of gastric cancer (GC). Methods Blood samples were taken from 41 patients with confirmed gastric cancer along with 82 patients without malignancy. Serum levels of pepsinogen I and II, plus plasma levels of acylated ghrelin were measured using commercial ELISA kits. Results The case group had significant lower plasma levels of ghrelin, pepsinogen I, and pepsinogen I/II ratio in comparison to the control group (P<0.001). In the control group, there was significant higher serum pepsinogen I (P=0.028) and pepsinogen II (P=0.003) and lower pepsinogen I/II ratio (P=0.020) in males versus females; significantly higher serum pepsinogen II (P=0.047) and lower pepsinogen I/II ratio (P=0.030) in overweight compared to normal weight patients; and significantly lower pepsinogen I/II ratio (P=0.030) in smokers versus non-smoker. In the case group, there was only significantly lower pepsinogen I (P=0.006) in males versus females, and significantly lower plasma ghrelin (P=0.017) in overweight compared to normal weight patients. The characteristic curve analysis indicated that pepsinogen I at a cut-off of 70.95 μg/L and pepsinogen I/II ratio at cut-off of 2.99, had good sensitivity and specificity. Conclusions Just serums levels of pepsinogen I and the ratio of pepsinogen I/II can be used as biomarker to screen GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariborz Mansour-Ghanaei
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Farahnaz Joukar
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Massood Baghaee
- GI Cancer Screening and Prevention Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Masood Sepehrimanesh
- GI Cancer Screening and Prevention Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Amineh Hojati
- Caspian Digestive Diseases Research Center,Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
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16
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Bang CS, Lee JJ, Baik GH. Prediction of Chronic Atrophic Gastritis and Gastric Neoplasms by Serum Pepsinogen Assay: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Diagnostic Test Accuracy. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8050657. [PMID: 31083485 PMCID: PMC6572271 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8050657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Serum pepsinogen assay (sPGA), which reveals serum pepsinogen (PG) I concentration and the PG I/PG II ratio, is a non-invasive test for predicting chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) and gastric neoplasms. Although various cut-off values have been suggested, PG I ≤70 ng/mL and a PG I/PG II ratio of ≤3 have been proposed. However, previous meta-analyses reported insufficient systematic reviews and only pooled outcomes, which cannot determine the diagnostic validity of sPGA with a cut-off value of PG I ≤70 ng/mL and/or PG I/PG II ratio ≤3. We searched the core databases (MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and Embase) from their inception to April 2018. Fourteen and 43 studies were identified and analyzed for the diagnostic performance in CAG and gastric neoplasms, respectively. Values for sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic odds ratio, and area under the curve with a cut-off value of PG I ≤70 ng/mL and PG I/PG II ratio ≤3 to diagnose CAG were 0.59, 0.89, 12, and 0.81, respectively and for diagnosis of gastric cancer (GC) these values were 0.59, 0.73, 4, and 0.7, respectively. Methodological quality and ethnicity of enrolled studies were found to be the reason for the heterogeneity in CAG diagnosis. Considering the high specificity, non-invasiveness, and easily interpretable characteristics, sPGA has potential for screening of CAG or GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Seok Bang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Sakju-ro 77, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24253, Korea.
- Institute of New Frontier Research, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon 24253, Korea.
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24253, Korea.
| | - Jae Jun Lee
- Institute of New Frontier Research, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon 24253, Korea.
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon 24253, Korea.
| | - Gwang Ho Baik
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Sakju-ro 77, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24253, Korea.
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24253, Korea.
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17
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Genome maps across 26 human populations reveal population-specific patterns of structural variation. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1025. [PMID: 30833565 PMCID: PMC6399254 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08992-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Large structural variants (SVs) in the human genome are difficult to detect and study by conventional sequencing technologies. With long-range genome analysis platforms, such as optical mapping, one can identify large SVs (>2 kb) across the genome in one experiment. Analyzing optical genome maps of 154 individuals from the 26 populations sequenced in the 1000 Genomes Project, we find that phylogenetic population patterns of large SVs are similar to those of single nucleotide variations in 86% of the human genome, while ~2% of the genome has high structural complexity. We are able to characterize SVs in many intractable regions of the genome, including segmental duplications and subtelomeric, pericentromeric, and acrocentric areas. In addition, we discover ~60 Mb of non-redundant genome content missing in the reference genome sequence assembly. Our results highlight the need for a comprehensive set of alternate haplotypes from different populations to represent SV patterns in the genome. Large structural variants (SV) are understudied in human genetics research because of the difficulty to detect them in the routinely generated short-read sequencing data. Here, the authors generate optical genome maps of 154 individuals from 26 populations that allow comprehensive examination of large SVs.
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Kienesberger S, Perez-Perez GI, Olivares AZ, Bardhan P, Sarker SA, Hasan KZ, Sack RB, Blaser MJ. When is Helicobacter pylori acquired in populations in developing countries? A birth-cohort study in Bangladeshi children. Gut Microbes 2018; 9:252-263. [PMID: 29494270 PMCID: PMC6219588 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2017.1421887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori colonization is prevalent throughout the world, and is predominantly acquired during childhood. In developing countries, >70% of adult populations are colonized with H. pylori and >50% of children become colonized before the age of 10 years. However, the exact timing of acquisition is unknown. We assessed detection of H. pylori acquisition among a birth cohort of 105 children in Mirzapur, Bangladesh. Blood samples collected at time 0 (cord blood), and at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months of life were examined for the presence of IgG and IgA antibodies to whole cell H. pylori antigen and for IgG antibodies to the CagA antigen using specific ELISAs and immunoblotting. Breast milk samples were analyzed for H. pylori-specific IgA antibodies. Cord blood was used to establish maternal colonization status. H. pylori seroprevalence in the mothers was 92.8%. At the end of the two-year follow-up period, 50 (47.6%) of the 105 children were positive for H. pylori in more than one assay. Among the colonized children, CagA prevalence was 78.0%. A total of 58 children seroconverted: 50 children showed persistent colonization and 8 (7.6%) children showed transient seroconversion, but immunoblot analysis suggested that the transient seroconversion observed by ELISA may represent falsely positive results. Acquisition of H. pylori was not influenced by the mother H. pylori status in serum or breastmilk. In this population with high H. pylori prevalence, we confirmed that H. pylori in developing countries is detectable mainly after the first year of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Kienesberger
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA,Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Styria, Austria,BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Styria, Austria
| | - Guillermo I. Perez-Perez
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA,CONTACT Guillermo I. Perez-Perez Department of Medicine, University Langone Medical Center, 6027W 423 East 23th street, NY 10010, New York, USA
| | - Asalia Z. Olivares
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Pradip Bardhan
- Nutrition and Clinical Services Division, ICDDR, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Kh. Zahid Hasan
- Nutrition and Clinical Services Division, ICDDR, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - R. Bradley Sack
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Martin J. Blaser
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA,Veterans Administration Medical Center, New York, USA
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19
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Kunzmann AT, McMenamin ÚC, Spence AD, Gray RT, Murray LJ, Turkington RC, Coleman HG. Blood biomarkers for early diagnosis of oesophageal cancer: a systematic review. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 30:263-273. [PMID: 29189391 DOI: 10.1097/meg.0000000000001029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oesophageal cancer prognosis remains poor owing to the inability to detect the disease at an early stage. Nontissue (serum, urinary or salivary) biomarkers potentially offer less invasive methods to aid early detection of oesophageal cancer. We aimed to systematically review studies assessing the relationship between nontissue biomarkers and subsequent development of oesophageal cancer. METHODS Using terms for biomarkers and oesophageal cancer, Medline, EMBASE and Web of Science were systematically searched for longitudinal studies, published until April 2016, which assessed the association between nontissue biomarkers and subsequent oesophageal cancer risk. Random effects meta-analyses were used to calculate pooled relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), where possible. RESULTS A total of 39 studies were included. Lower serum pepsinogen I concentrations were associated with an increased risk of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (n=3 studies, pooled RR=2.20, 95% CI: 1.31-3.70). However, the association for the pepsinogen I : II ratio was not statistically significant (n=3 studies, pooled RR=2.22, 95% CI: 0.77-6.40), with a large degree of heterogeneity observed (I=68.0%). Higher serum glucose concentrations were associated with a modestly increased risk of total oesophageal cancer (n=3 studies, pooled RR=1.27, 95% CI: 1.02-1.57). No association was observed for total cholesterol and total oesophageal cancer risk (n=3 studies, pooled RR=0.95, 95% CI: 0.58-1.54). Very few studies have assessed other biomarkers for meta-analyses. CONCLUSION Serum pepsinogen I concentrations could aid early detection of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma. More prospective studies are needed to determine the use of other nontissue biomarkers in the early detection of oesophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew T Kunzmann
- Cancer Epidemiology and Health Services Research Group, Centre for Public Health
| | - Úna C McMenamin
- Cancer Epidemiology and Health Services Research Group, Centre for Public Health
| | - Andrew D Spence
- Cancer Epidemiology and Health Services Research Group, Centre for Public Health
| | - Ronan T Gray
- Cancer Epidemiology and Health Services Research Group, Centre for Public Health
| | - Liam J Murray
- Cancer Epidemiology and Health Services Research Group, Centre for Public Health
| | - Richard C Turkington
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Helen G Coleman
- Cancer Epidemiology and Health Services Research Group, Centre for Public Health
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20
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Xue H, Yang A, Liu F, Sun X, Liu X. Clinical significance of Serum Pepsinogen I/II and gastrin-17 determination in gastric cancer diagnosis and prognosis. EUR J INFLAMM 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/2058739218781291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, the diagnosis of atrophic gastritis and gastric cancer are mainly made by endoscopy and histopathology. Our study aimed to explore the practical value of Serum Pepsinogen I/II and gastrin-17 in gastric cancer diagnosis and prognosis. We collected 60 cases of gastric ulcer from February 2015 to November 2016 as gastric ulcer group, and 40 cases of gastric cancer treated in the same period as gastric cancer group. In 3 years after gastric cancer, 20 patients were served as postoperative gastric cancer group, and 70 healthy subjects as control group. The results showed that serum Pepsinogen I/II, gastrin-17, and other serum gastric function indexes were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The serum PGI level of gastric ulcer group was higher than control group ( P < 0.05). The serum G-17 concentrations in gastric ulcer group, gastric cancer group, and postoperative gastric cancer group were all higher than control group ( P < 0.05). The area under receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of PGI screening was 0.905 and the best cutoff point was PGI < 75 µg/L. Their sensitivity and specificity were 87.2% and 75.1%; the area under ROC curve of PGI/PGII rate screening was 0.761 and the best cutoff point was PGI/PGII < 4. Their sensitivity and specificity were 88.9% and 62.3%. Multi logistical regression showed that the level of serum PGI, PGI, and G-17 and the odds ratio (OR) level of gastric cancer risk were 2.093, 2.653, and 0.494 ( P < 0.05). The examination of Serum Pepsinogen I/II, gastrin-17, and other serum gastric function indexes can be used in the diagnosis and prognosis of gastric cancer and has a rather high practical value in monitoring recurrence in postoperative gastric cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiguang Xue
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Aihua Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Fuguo Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Xueguo Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Xishuang Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, P.R. China
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21
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Leja M, Camargo MC, Polaka I, Isajevs S, Liepniece-Karele I, Janciauskas D, Rudzite D, Kikuste I, Vanags A, Kojalo I, Folkmanis V, Kirsners A, Tolmanis I, Rabkin CS. Detection of gastric atrophy by circulating pepsinogens: A comparison of three assays. Helicobacter 2017; 22:10.1111/hel.12393. [PMID: 28557128 PMCID: PMC5847288 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circulating levels of pepsinogens have been used in high gastric cancer-risk Asian and European populations to triage endoscopic evaluation for more severe pathology. There are different analytic methods with uncertain correlations. We therefore compared diagnostic performance of three commonly used pepsinogen assays to detect histologically confirmed gastric atrophy. METHODS We tested plasma samples from adult patients with (n=50) and without (n=755) moderate or severe gastric corpus atrophy, as determined histologically by consensus of three expert pathologists. A single laboratory measured pepsinogens I (PgI) and II (PgII) using commercially available assays: two ELISA assays produced by Biohit (Finland) and Vector Best (Russia), and a latex agglutination assay from Eiken (Japan). Quantitative correlations were assessed by Spearman statistics. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves vs histological diagnosis were calculated using both the manufacturers' and optimized cutoffs. RESULTS Pepsinogen levels were highly correlated among the assays (pairwise Rhos: PgI≥0.84, PgII≥0.87; all P-values<.01). Based on manufacturers' cutoffs, sensitivities, specificities and areas under the ROC curve for detecting moderate to severe histological corpus atrophy by PgI/PgII were 44%/91%/0.70, 56%/84%/0.76, and 52%/90%/0.77 for Biohit, Vector Best and Eiken, respectively. Cutoffs optimized by ROC or data mining analyses did not substantially improve test performance. CONCLUSIONS Commercial assays for pepsinogen have good relative agreement but are imperfect tests for clinical diagnosis of gastric atrophy. IMPACT Pepsinogen testing alone does not provide sufficient information for gastric cancer risk stratification. Future investigations should focus on other potential markers, in combination with pepsinogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcis Leja
- Institute of Clinical and Preventive Medicine & Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia,Department of Research, Riga East University Hospital, Riga, Latvia,Digestive Diseases Centre GASTRO, Riga, Latvia
| | - M. Constanza Camargo
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, United States
| | - Inese Polaka
- Institute of Clinical and Preventive Medicine & Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia,Faculty of Computer Sciences and Information Technology, Riga Technical University, Latvia
| | - Sergejs Isajevs
- Institute of Clinical and Preventive Medicine & Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia,Department of Research, Riga East University Hospital, Riga, Latvia,Academic Histology laboratory, Riga, Latvia
| | - Inta Liepniece-Karele
- Institute of Clinical and Preventive Medicine & Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia,Department of Research, Riga East University Hospital, Riga, Latvia,Academic Histology laboratory, Riga, Latvia
| | | | - Dace Rudzite
- Institute of Clinical and Preventive Medicine & Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia,Department of Research, Riga East University Hospital, Riga, Latvia
| | - Ilze Kikuste
- Institute of Clinical and Preventive Medicine & Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia,Digestive Diseases Centre GASTRO, Riga, Latvia
| | | | - Ilona Kojalo
- Institute of Clinical and Preventive Medicine & Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia,Department of Research, Riga East University Hospital, Riga, Latvia
| | - Valdis Folkmanis
- Institute of Clinical and Preventive Medicine & Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | - Arnis Kirsners
- Institute of Clinical and Preventive Medicine & Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia,Department of Research, Riga East University Hospital, Riga, Latvia,Faculty of Computer Sciences and Information Technology, Riga Technical University, Latvia
| | | | - Charles S. Rabkin
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, United States
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Wang YX, Gao YL, Liu JX, Kong XZ, Li HJ. Robust Principal Component Analysis Regularized by Truncated Nuclear Norm for Identifying Differentially Expressed Genes. IEEE Trans Nanobioscience 2017; 16:447-454. [PMID: 28692983 DOI: 10.1109/tnb.2017.2723439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Identifying differentially expressed genes from the thousands of genes is a challenging task. Robust principal component analysis (RPCA) is an efficient method in the identification of differentially expressed genes. RPCA method uses nuclear norm to approximate the rank function. However, theoretical studies showed that the nuclear norm minimizes all singular values, so it may not be the best solution to approximate the rank function. The truncated nuclear norm is defined as the sum of some smaller singular values, which may achieve a better approximation of the rank function than nuclear norm. In this paper, a novel method is proposed by replacing nuclear norm of RPCA with the truncated nuclear norm, which is named robust principal component analysis regularized by truncated nuclear norm (TRPCA). The method decomposes the observation matrix of genomic data into a low-rank matrix and a sparse matrix. Because the significant genes can be considered as sparse signals, the differentially expressed genes are viewed as the sparse perturbation signals. Thus, the differentially expressed genes can be identified according to the sparse matrix. The experimental results on The Cancer Genome Atlas data illustrate that the TRPCA method outperforms other state-of-the-art methods in the identification of differentially expressed genes.
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23
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Miftahussurur M, Nusi IA, Akil F, Syam AF, Wibawa IDN, Rezkitha YAA, Maimunah U, Subsomwong P, Parewangi ML, Mariadi IK, Adi P, Uchida T, Purbayu H, Sugihartono T, Waskito LA, Hidayati HB, Lusida MI, Yamaoka Y. Gastric mucosal status in populations with a low prevalence of Helicobacter pylori in Indonesia. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176203. [PMID: 28463979 PMCID: PMC5413002 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In Indonesia, endoscopy services are limited and studies about gastric mucosal status by using pepsinogens (PGs) are rare. We measured PG levels, and calculated the best cutoff and predictive values for discriminating gastric mucosal status among ethnic groups in Indonesia. We collected gastric biopsy specimens and sera from 233 patients with dyspepsia living in three Indonesian islands. When ≥5.5 U/mL was used as the best cutoff value of Helicobacter pylori antibody titer, 8.6% (20 of 233) were positive for H. pylori infection. PG I and II levels were higher among smokers, and PG I was higher in alcohol drinkers than in their counterparts. PG II level was significantly higher, whereas PG I/II ratios were lower in H. pylori-positive than in H. pylori-negative patients. PG I/II ratios showed a significant inverse correlation with the inflammation and atrophy scores of the antrum. The best cutoff values of PG I/II were 4.05 and 3.55 for discriminating chronic and atrophic gastritis, respectively. PG I, PG II, and PG I/II ratios were significantly lower in subjects from Bangli than in those from Makassar and Surabaya, and concordant with the ABC group distribution; however, group D (H. pylori negative/PG positive) was the lowest in subjects from Bangli. In conclusion, validation of indirect methods is necessary before their application. We confirmed that serum PG level is a useful biomarker determining chronic gastritis, but a modest sensitivity for atrophic gastritis in Indonesia. The ABC method should be used with caution in areas with a low prevalence of H. pylori.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Miftahussurur
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Japan
- Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Section, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Division of Gastroentero-hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine-Dr. Soetomo Teaching Hospital, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Iswan Abbas Nusi
- Division of Gastroentero-hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine-Dr. Soetomo Teaching Hospital, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Fardah Akil
- Center of Gastroentero-hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Ari Fahrial Syam
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - I. Dewa Nyoman Wibawa
- Division of Gastroentero-hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine University of Udayana, Denpasar, Indonesia
| | | | - Ummi Maimunah
- Division of Gastroentero-hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine-Dr. Soetomo Teaching Hospital, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Phawinee Subsomwong
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Japan
| | - Muhammad Luthfi Parewangi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - I. Ketut Mariadi
- Division of Gastroentero-hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine University of Udayana, Denpasar, Indonesia
| | - Pangestu Adi
- Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Tomohisa Uchida
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Hasama-machi, Yufu-City, Oita, Japan
| | - Herry Purbayu
- Division of Gastroentero-hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine-Dr. Soetomo Teaching Hospital, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Titong Sugihartono
- Division of Gastroentero-hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine-Dr. Soetomo Teaching Hospital, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Langgeng Agung Waskito
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Japan
- Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | | | - Maria Inge Lusida
- Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Yoshio Yamaoka
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Japan
- Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Section, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
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24
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Kurt O, Ozturk K, Altun B. Association between Helicobacter pylori and Gastric Cancers. Gut Liver 2017; 11:312-313. [PMID: 26780091 PMCID: PMC5347658 DOI: 10.5009/gnl15316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Omer Kurt
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gulhane School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kadir Ozturk
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gulhane School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Battal Altun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kasımpasa Military Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
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Juan Cai W, Yin L, Kang Q, Chen Zeng Z, Liang Wang S, Cheng J. The Serum Pepsinogen Test as a Predictor of Kazakh Gastric Cancer. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43536. [PMID: 28251999 PMCID: PMC5333351 DOI: 10.1038/srep43536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignant tumors and the Kazakh population in Xinjiang has been reported to be one of the highest incidence of GC in the world. Serum pepsinogen (PG) test provides a valuable method for detecting GC, but little study about the role of PG in Kazakh GC. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the role of PG in Kazakh GC and to elucidate the usefulness of the serum PG test method. The serum PG concentration were measured using the flow fluorescence assay and ELISA methods in patients with superficial gastritis, atrophic gastritis and GC. The most suitable cut off point was a PG I concentration ≤64 ng/ml and PG I/II ratio (PGR) ≤4.5. Using this cut off point, the sensitivity and specificity of pepsinogen screening for Kazakh GC were 80.5% and 89.8%, respectively. The area under the curve (AUC) of the PGR for GC diagnosis was 0.949, which was significantly higher than that of combined tumor markers. Moreover, PGR in Kazakh early GC was statistically significantly lower than in SG and AG. These findings suggest that serum PG test can serve as a noninvasive biomarker for the diagnosis of Kazakh GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Juan Cai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, P.R. China
| | - Liang Yin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 43000, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Kang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, P.R. China
| | - Zu Chen Zeng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, P.R. China
| | - Shao Liang Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, P.R. China
| | - Jiang Cheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, P.R. China
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Ichikawa H, Sugimoto M, Sakao Y, Sahara S, Ohashi N, Kato A, Sugimoto K, Furuta T, Andoh A, Sakao T, Yasuda H. Relationship between ghrelin, Helicobacter pylori and gastric mucosal atrophy in hemodialysis patients. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:10440-10449. [PMID: 28058025 PMCID: PMC5175257 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i47.10440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the relationship between plasma ghrelin level, Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection status and the severity of atrophy in hemodialysis patients.
METHODS One hundred eights patients who received hemodialysis and 13 non-hemodialysis H. pylori-negative controls underwent gastroduodenoscopy to evaluate the severity of gastric atrophy. Serum levels of pepsinogen (PG) were measured as serum markers of gastric atrophy. H. pylori infection was evaluated by anti-H. pylori IgG antibody, rapid urease test and culture test. We classified H. pylori infection status as non-infection, present infection and past infection. In addition, plasma acyl-ghrelin and desacyl-ghrelin levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
RESULTS Infection rate of H. pylori was 45.4% (49/108). Acyl-ghrelin level in the non-infection group (39.4 ± 23.0 fmol/mL) was significantly higher than in the past (23.4 ± 19.9 fmol/mL, P = 0.005) and present infection groups (19.5 ± 14.0 fmol/mL, P < 0.001). Furthermore, desacyl-ghrelin level in the non-infection group (353.2 ± 190.2 fmol/mL) was significantly higher than those in the past (234.9 ± 137.5 fmol/mL, P = 0.008) and present infection groups (211.8 ± 124.2 fmol/mL, P < 0.001). Acyl-ghrelin was positively correlated with the PG I level and PG I/II ratio (|R| = 0.484, P < 0.001 and |R| = 0.403, P < 0.001, respectively). Both ghrelins were significantly decreased in accordance with the progress of endoscopic atrophy (both P < 0.001) and acyl-ghrelin was significantly lower in patients with mild, moderate and severe atrophy (24.5 ± 23.1 fmol/mL, 20.2 ± 14.9 fmol/mL and 18.3 ± 11.8 fmol/mL) than in those with non-atrophy (39.4 ± 22.2 fmol/mL, P = 0.039, P = 0.002 and P < 0.001, respectively).
CONCLUSION In hemodialysis patients, plasma ghrelin level was associated with the endoscopic and serological severity of atrophy related to H. pylori infection.
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Miftahussurur M, Sharma RP, Shrestha PK, Maharjan RK, Shiota S, Uchida T, Sato H, Yamaoka Y. Helicobacter pylori Infection and Gastric Mucosal Atrophy in Two Ethnic Groups in Nepal. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 16:7911-6. [PMID: 26625820 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.17.7911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Serum anti-Helicobacter pylori antibodies and pepsinogens (PGs) have been used as gastric cancer screening and gastric mucosal status markers. Nepal is a low risk country for gastric cancer. However, the mountainous populace in the northern region culturally linked to Tibet as well as Bhutan, a neighboring country, have a high risk of GC. We collected gastric biopsy specimens and sera from 146 dyspeptic patients living in Kathmandu, Nepal. We also examined the sera of 80 volunteers living in the mountainous regions of the Himalayas. The optimal cut-off was calculated for serum biomarkers against the histology. Kathmandu patients (43.8%) were serologically positive for H. pylori infection, which was significantly lower than that for the mountainous (61.3%, P = 0.01). The same results also found in the prevalence of PG-positivity, PG I levels and PG I/II ratios (P = 0.001, P <0.0001 and P = 0.03, respectively). Moreover, the PG I/II ratios were significantly, and inversely correlated with the OLGA score (r = -0.33, P <0.009). The low incidence of gastric cancer in Nepal can be attributed to low gastric mucosal atrophy. However, the mountainous subjects have high-risk gastric mucosal status, which could be considered a high-risk population in Nepal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Miftahussurur
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Japan E-mail :
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Comparison of serum trefoil factor 3 with the pepsinogen test for the screening of diffuse-type gastric cancer. Clin Exp Med 2016; 17:403-410. [PMID: 27154568 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-016-0426-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Emerging data show that serum trefoil factor 3 (TFF3) alone and combined with the serum pepsinogen (PG) test can increase the diagnostic yield of gastric cancer. We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of serum TFF3 for the screening of gastric cancer in Korean patients, especially for the screening of the diffuse type of gastric cancer, and compared TFF3 to the serum PG test. We enrolled 25 healthy controls and 79 subjects with gastric cancer who underwent endoscopic resection or surgery from June 2006 to June 2015. Data about age, sex, histological type according to the Lauren classification, stage of gastric cancer, and status of H. pylori were collected. Serum levels of PG I and PG II were measured by the latex-enhanced turbidimetric immunoassay, and serum TFF3 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The optimal cutoff value of serum TFF3 was ≥8.9 ng/mL to diagnose gastric cancer, with 73.4 % sensitivity and 92.0 % specificity, which were higher than those of the serum PG I/II ratio, with 69.6 % sensitivity and 68.0 % specificity. The optimal sensitivity and specificity of serum TFF3 for the diagnosis of diffuse-type gastric cancer were 68.0 and 92.0 %, respectively, which were lower than those for the diagnosis of intestinal-type gastric cancer (75.6 and 100 %, respectively). Serum TFF3 is a more stable and useful marker than the serum PG test for the screening of gastric cancer in Korean patients. Serum TFF3 showed good diagnostic power in detecting both intestinal- and diffuse-type gastric cancer although it showed decreased power in diffuse type.
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Cho EJ, Kim HK, Jeong TD, Ko DH, Bae SE, Lee JS, Lee W, Choe JW, Chun S, Jung HY, Min WK. Method evaluation of pepsinogen I/II assay based on chemiluminescent immunoassays and comparison with other test methods. Clin Chim Acta 2016; 452:149-54. [PMID: 26585753 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2015.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serum pepsinogen (PG) I and the PG I/PG II ratio have been used for atrophic gastritis (AG) diagnosis for decades. Low levels of PG I and/or PG I/PG II are closely related to AG and predict the risk of gastric cancer. We evaluated the performance of the chemiluminescent immunoassay-based Architect Pepsinogen I/II assay. METHODS The evaluation consisted of determination of the precision, linearity, limit of blank (LoB), limit of detection (LoD) and method comparison with Eiken and Biohit assays. RESULTS The total CVs were below 5% for both PG I and PG II. Acceptable linearity was observed for PG I and PG II in their respective reportable ranges. The PG I LoB was 0.317ng/mL and the PG II LoB was 0.418ng/mL, and LoDs were 0.412ng/mL and 0.497ng/mL, respectively. Correlation analysis indicated that results of the Architect assay were comparable to those of the Eiken and Biohit assays, but the three methods lead to different estimations of the cancer risk. CONCLUSION The overall analytical performance of Architect Pepsinogen I/II assay is acceptable for the detection of patients with suspected AG. The categorization results of gastric cancer risk showed some difference among test methods suggesting the need for harmonization among the methods from vendors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Jung Cho
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ki Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Dong Jeong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hyun Ko
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Suh Eun Bae
- Health Screening & Promotion Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Soo Lee
- Health Screening & Promotion Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woochang Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae Won Choe
- Health Screening & Promotion Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sail Chun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwoon-Yong Jung
- Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Ki Min
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
Gastric cancer is associated with high morbidity and mortality worldwide. To reduce the socioeconomic burden related to gastric cancer, it is very important to identify and manage high risk group for gastric cancer. In this review, we describe the general risk factors for gastric cancer and define high risk group for gastric cancer. We discuss strategies for the effective management of patients for the prevention and early detection of gastric cancer. Atrophic gastritis (AG) and intestinal metaplasia (IM) are the most significant risk factors for gastric cancer. Therefore, the accurate selection of individuals with AG and IM may be a key strategy for the prevention and/or early detection of gastric cancer. Although endoscopic evaluation using enhanced technologies such as narrow band imaging-magnification, the serum pepsinogen test, Helicobacter pylori serology, and trefoil factor 3 have been evaluated, a gold standard method to accurately select individuals with AG and IM has not emerged. In terms of managing patients at high risk of gastric cancer, it remains uncertain whether H. pylori eradication reverses and/or prevents the progression of AG and IM. Although endoscopic surveillance in high risk patients is expected to be beneficial, further prospective studies in large populations are needed to determine the optimal surveillance interval.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyuk Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Nayoung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
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Shiota S, Yamaoka Y. Biomarkers for Helicobacter pylori infection and gastroduodenal diseases. Biomark Med 2015; 8:1127-37. [PMID: 25402582 DOI: 10.2217/bmm.14.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori infection is a major cause of gastric cancer. Although identifying H. pylori infected subjects is the first approach for delineating the high-risk population for gastric cancer, the presence of H. pylori antibodies is not sufficient for gastric cancer screening. Among H. pylori infected subjects, only a minority of infected individuals develop gastric cancer. Serologic markers of H. pylori infection can serve as potential predictors for the development of gastric cancer. Serum or urinary H. pylori antibodies, cytotoxin-associated gene A antibodies, pepsinogen and microRNAs were reported to be associated with precancerous lesions or gastric cancer. In this review, we summarized the utilities and limitations of each strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiji Shiota
- Department of Environmental & Preventive Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu City, Oita, Japan
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Eybpoosh S, Talebkhan Y, Saberi S, Esmaeili M, Oghalaie A, Ebrahimzadeh F, Karimi T, Abdirad A, Nahvijou A, Mohagheghi MA, Eshagh Hosseini M, Mohammadi M. Age-Specific Gastric Cancer Risk Indicated by the Combination of Helicobacter pylori Sero-Status and Serum Pepsinogen Levels. IRANIAN BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL 2015; 19:133-42. [PMID: 26117138 PMCID: PMC4571008 DOI: 10.7508/ibj.2015.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serologic screening of gastric cancer (GC) by serum pepsinogens (sPG) levels and Helicobacter pylori (Hp) sero-status, though highly informative, has provided heterogeneous results. Here, we have evaluated the modifying effects of demographic factors on the risk impact of Hp sero-status/sPG levels in gastric cancer, with particular emphasis on age. METHODS A cross-sectional study was carried out on 1341 individuals (GC = 578, healthy = 763), who were stratified into two age groups: 35-59 years (middle-aged, n = 830) and ≥ 60 years (60 years-plus, n = 511). Demographic factors and serological states (Hp sero-staus and sPG levels) were recorded by subject interview and serum ELISAs, respectively. Covariate-specific odds ratios were calculated by multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS Hp infection was consistently associated with increased sPGI and sPGII levels in the 60 year-plus, but not the middle-aged group. The joint examination of the variable states of the three serum biomarkers (Hp serology, sPGI, and sPGI/II ratio), in the 60 year-plus age group, demonstrated a stepwise escalation of risk from the single (sPGI low; OR = 2.6), to double (sPGI low/sPGI/II low; OR = 3.55, and Hp positive/sPGI low; OR = 5.0) and ultimately triple (Hp positive/PGI low/PGI/II low; OR = 10.48) positive states, in reference to the triple negatives. However, this pattern was not exhibited in the middle-aged subjects. CONCLUSION Age was clearly identified as a modifying factor on the risk projection of the combined states of Hp serology and sPG levels in gastric cancer screening, reflected by the augmented (~10.5 fold) risk of GC in the triple positive (Hp positive/sPGI low/sPGI/II low) 60 year-plus subjects, which was not evident in the middle-aged group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Eybpoosh
- HPGC Group, Dept. of Medical Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.,Research Center for Modeling in Health, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Yeganeh Talebkhan
- HPGC Group, Dept. of Medical Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samaneh Saberi
- HPGC Group, Dept. of Medical Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Esmaeili
- HPGC Group, Dept. of Medical Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Akbar Oghalaie
- HPGC Group, Dept. of Medical Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ebrahimzadeh
- HPGC Group, Dept. of Medical Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Toktam Karimi
- HPGC Group, Dept. of Medical Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afshin Abdirad
- Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azin Nahvijou
- Cancer Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mahmoud Eshagh Hosseini
- Dept. of Gastroenterology, Amiralam Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marjan Mohammadi
- HPGC Group, Dept. of Medical Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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Myint T, Shiota S, Vilaichone RK, Ni N, Aye TT, Matsuda M, Tran TTH, Uchida T, Mahachai V, Yamaoka Y. Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection and atrophic gastritis in patients with dyspeptic symptoms in Myanmar. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:629-636. [PMID: 25605987 PMCID: PMC4296025 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i2.629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Revised: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To survey the detailed analyses for Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and gastric mucosal status in Myanmar.
METHODS: A total of 252 volunteers with dyspeptic symptoms (155 female and 97 male; mean age of 43.6 ± 14.2 years) was participated in Yangon and Mandalay. The status of H. pylori infection was determined based on 5 different tests including rapid urease test, culture, histology, immunohistochemistry and serology. Histological scores were evaluated according to the update Sydney system and the Operative Link for Gastritis Assessment system. Pepsinogen (PG) I and PG II were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.
RESULTS: The overall prevalence of H. pylori infection was 48.0%. There was no relationship between age and infection rate. Even in young group (less than 29 years old), the H. pylori infection rate was relatively high (41.9%). The prevalence of H. pylori infection was significantly higher in Yangon than that of Mandalay. H. pylori infection was significantly associated with the presence of gastric mucosal atrophy. All 7 subjects with peptic ulcer were infected with H. pylori. Although H. pylori-positive subjects showed stronger gastritis than H. pylori-negative subjects, most cases had mild gastritis.
CONCLUSION: We revealed the prevalence of H. pylori infection in patients with dyspeptic symptoms in Myanmar. The H. pylori infection was a risk factor for peptic ulcer and stronger gastritis.
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Lee JY, Kim N, Lee HS, Oh JC, Kwon YH, Choi YJ, Yoon KC, Hwang JJ, Lee HJ, Lee A, Jeong Y, Jo HJ, Yoon H, Shin CM, Park YS, Lee DH. Correlations among endoscopic, histologic and serologic diagnoses for the assessment of atrophic gastritis. J Cancer Prev 2014; 19:47-55. [PMID: 25337572 PMCID: PMC4189476 DOI: 10.15430/jcp.2014.19.1.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Revised: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Atrophic gastritis is a precancerous condition, which can be diagnosed by several methods. However, there is no consensus for the standard method. The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlations among endoscopic, histologic, and serologic findings for the diagnosis of atrophic gastritis. Methods: From March 2003 to August 2013, a total of 2,558 subjects were enrolled. Endoscopic atrophic gastritis was graded by Kimura-Takemoto classification and histological atrophic gastritis was assessed by updated Sydney system. Serological assessment of atrophic gastritis was based on serum pepsinogen test. Results: The serum pepsinogen I/II ratio showed a significant decreasing nature when the extent of atrophy increased (R2=0.837, P<0.001) and the cut-off value for distinguishing between presence and absence of endoscopic atrophic gastritis was 3.2. The serum pepsinogen I and pepsinogen I/II ratio were significantly lower when the histological atrophic gastritis progressed and the cut-off value was 3.0 for a diagnosis of histological atrophic gastritis. A significant correlation between endoscopic and histological atrophic gastritis was noted and the sensitivity and specificity of endoscopic diagnosis were 65.9% and 58.0% for antrum, 71.3% and 53.7% for corpus, respectively. Conclusions: The endoscopic, histological, and serological atrophic gastritis showed relatively good correlations. However, as these three methods have a limitation, a multifactorial assessment might be needed to ameliorate the diagnostic accuracy of atrophic gastritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Yup Lee
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoungnam
| | - Nayoung Kim
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoungnam ; Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul
| | - Hye Seung Lee
- Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoungnam
| | | | - Yong Hwan Kwon
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoungnam
| | - Yoon Jin Choi
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoungnam
| | - Ki Chul Yoon
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoungnam
| | - Jae Jin Hwang
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoungnam
| | - Hyun Joo Lee
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoungnam
| | - AeRa Lee
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoungnam
| | - Yeonsang Jeong
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoungnam
| | - Hyun Jin Jo
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoungnam
| | - Hyuk Yoon
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoungnam
| | - Cheol Min Shin
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoungnam
| | - Young Soo Park
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoungnam
| | - Dong Ho Lee
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoungnam ; Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul
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Kwak HW, Choi IJ, Cho SJ, Lee JY, Kim CG, Kook MC, Ryu KW, Kim YW. Characteristics of gastric cancer according to Helicobacter pylori infection status. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2014; 29:1671-7. [PMID: 24730518 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.12605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The definition and incidence of gastric cancer (GC) without Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection varies between studies. The aim of our study was to compare the characteristics of GC according to Hp infection status. METHODS We evaluated the presence of Hp infection in 1833 GC patients with rapid urease tests, serology examinations, and histological evaluations. GC was classified as GC with current Hp infection (HpC-GC), GC with past Hp infection (HpP-GC), and GC not associated with Hp infection (HpN-GC). HpP-GC was defined as GC without current infection but with a positive serology test, glandular atrophy, and/or intestinal metaplasia. HpN-GC was defined as GC with negative Hp test results and no histological changes. RESULTS The numbers of HpC-GC, HpP-GC, and HpN-GC were 1378 (75.2%), 412 (22.5%), and 43 (2.3%), respectively. Among GCs without current infection, 90.5% (412/455) were associated with HpP-GC. HpP-GCs were more common in older and male patients, had an increased incidence of synchronous cancer, and less frequently had a diffuse-type histology than HpC-GCs. HpN-GCs were more common in younger, female patients; had a higher proportion of diffuse-type cancers; and more frequently showed distant metastasis than HpP-GCs. In the 40s, the proportion of HpP-GCs with diffuse-type histology (41.9%) was lower than that of HpC-GCs (60.3%) (P = 0.016). The difference was also significant in the 50s (29.1% vs 40.1%, respectively, P = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS Most GCs in Korea without current Hp infection showed evidence of past Hp infection. The proportion of GCs with diffuse-type histology decreased in patients with past infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Won Kwak
- Center for Gastric Cancer, National Cancer Center, Gyeonggi, Korea
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Shiota S, Murakami K, Okimoto T, Kodama M, Yamaoka Y. Serum Helicobacter pylori CagA antibody titer as a useful marker for advanced inflammation in the stomach in Japan. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2014; 29:67-73. [PMID: 24033876 PMCID: PMC3870047 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.12359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Subjects infected with Helicobacter pylori containing cagA do not always induce serum CagA antibody. Our previous meta-analysis showed that serum CagA seropositivity was associated with gastric cancer even in East Asian countries. However, it remains unclear why serum CagA-positive status is associated with gastric cancer. In this study, we aimed to examine the relationship between anti-CagA antibody titer and the levels of pepsinogen (PG), and histological score. METHODS Eighty-eight H. pylori-positive Japanese patients with gastritis were included. Serum CagA antibody titer, PG I, and PG II were evaluated by ELISA. Histological scores were evaluated according to Update Sydney System. CagA expression was examined by immunoblot. RESULTS Seroprevalence of CagA antibody was found in 75.0%. Interestingly, serum CagA antibody titer was significantly correlated with PG I and PG II levels (P = 0.003 and 0.004, respectively). Serum CagA antibody titer was also significantly correlated with mucosal inflammation in the corpus (P = 0.04). On the other hand, bacterial density was not related with CagA antibody titer. CagA expression level of the strains was irrespective of the status of PG and serum CagA antibody. CONCLUSIONS Subjects with higher serum CagA antibody titer can be considered as high-risk population for the development of gastric cancer from the point of strong gastric inflammatory response even in Japan. Host recognition rather than bacterial colonization might be associated with the difference of serum CagA antibody titer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiji Shiota
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, 879-5593, Japan,Department of General Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, 879-5593, JapanS
| | - Kazunari Murakami
- Department of General Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, 879-5593, JapanS
| | - Tadayoshi Okimoto
- Department of General Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, 879-5593, JapanS
| | - Masaaki Kodama
- Department of General Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, 879-5593, JapanS
| | - Yoshio Yamaoka
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, 879-5593, Japan,Department of Medicine-Gastroenterology, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030 USA,Corresponding author: Yoshio Yamaoka MD, PhD, Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama-machi, Yufu-City, Oita 879-5593, Japan, Tel: +81-97-586-5740; Fax: +81-97-586-5749,
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Abstract
Helicobacter pylori-associated gastric cancer is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and is predicted to become even more common in developing countries as the population ages. Since gastric cancer develops slowly over years to decades, and typically progresses though a series of well-defined histologic stages, cancer biomarkers have potential to identify asymptomatic individuals in whom surgery might be curative, or even those for whom antibiotics to eradicate H. pylori could prevent neoplastic transformation. Here we describe some of the challenges of biomarker discovery, summarize current approaches to biomarkers of gastric cancer, and explore some recent novel strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara L Cooke
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology & Immunology; University of California; Davis School of Medicine; Davis, CA USA,Center for Comparative Medicine; University of California; Davis School of Medicine; Davis, CA USA
| | - Javier Torres
- Infectious Diseases Research Unit; Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social; Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jay V Solnick
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology & Immunology; University of California; Davis School of Medicine; Davis, CA USA,Center for Comparative Medicine; University of California; Davis School of Medicine; Davis, CA USA,California National Primate Research Center; University of California; Davis School of Medicine; Davis, CA USA,Correspondence to: Jay V Solnick,
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Huang M, Tang AG, Mu S, Yang JJ, Xiang ZY, Liu B, Yang JJ. Serum pepsinogen reference intervals in apparently healthy Chinese population with latex enhanced turbidimetric immunoassay. J Clin Pathol 2013; 67:350-4. [PMID: 24170207 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2013-201942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM Serum pepsinogen (sPG) has been used to help in diagnosing atrophic corpus gastritis and in screening for gastric cancer non-invasively. There are as yet no reports on sPG reference intervals (RIs) with latex enhanced turbidimetric immunoassay (LIA). In this study, we established the RIs for sPG in a healthy Chinese population using LIA. METHODS Serum PGI and PGII levels in a healthy population (aged 17-80 years) were measured simultaneously using LIA. RIs were determined following Clinical Laboratory and Standards Institute C28-A3 guidelines using a non-parametric method. RESULTS 95% RIs in men (ng/mL) were: ≤40 years old, 25.53-100.76 for PGI and ≤24.42 for PGII; 41-50 years old, 26.62-124.74 for PGI and ≤26.81 for PGII; and 51-80 years old, 30.40-153.25 for PGI and ≤32.62 for PGII. Corresponding RIs for women (ng/mL) were: ≤40 years old, 21.20-87.44 for PGI and ≤25.53 for PGII; and 41-80 years, 26.40-127.46 for PGI and ≤30.18 for PGII. 95% RI for PGI/PGII in both men and women at any age was ≥2.51. CONCLUSIONS We established the RIs for sPG using LIA in a healthy Chinese population, which can provide a reference for clinical and laboratory studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, , Changsha, Hunan, PR China
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40
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Pepsinogen I and II expressions in situ and their correlations with serum pesignogen levels in gastric cancer and its precancerous disease. BMC Clin Pathol 2013; 13:22. [PMID: 24004680 PMCID: PMC3846408 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6890-13-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2012] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Serum pepsinogen (PG) I/II ratio has been widely used as “serological biopsy” for the screening of gastric cancer (GC) and atrophic gastritis (GA). However, study concerning in situ expression of PGs is currently insufficient, particularly for their relationship with serum PGs levels. This study was designed to investigate in situ expression of PGI and PGII in subjects with normal mucosa (NOR), superficial gastritis (GS), GA and GC, and to evaluate the correlations between PGs expressions in situ and in serum. Methods 185 subjects were enrolled for the study, including 30 NOR, 70 GS, 54 GA and 31 GC. PGI and PGII expressions in situ and in serum were detected by immunohistochemistry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) respectively. H. pylori immunoglobulin (Ig) G was also determined by ELISA. Results In situ expressions of PGI, PGII and PGI/II ratio consistently decreased in sequence of NOR/GS- > GA- > GC. The expressions of PGI, PGII and PGI/II ratio in situ were statistically higher in youngers than in olders (P < 0.05). In the NOR subjects, PGI staining was statistically higher in males than that in females (p = 0.02). For the correlations between in situ and serum expressions of PGI, PGII and PGI/II ratio, a borderline correlation in the total study sample (r = 0.131, P = 0.076) and a statistical correlation in GA cases (r = 0.307, P = 0.027) were observed for the PGI/II ratio. The PGI expression correlated well with that of PGII in situ and in serum. Conclusions The in situ levels of PGI, PGII and PGI/II ratio sharply decreased in the GA and GC cases. The youngers exhibited higher levels of PGI, PGII and PGI/II ratios than the olders. The in situ PGI/II ratio rather than PGI and PGII alone showed certain correlation with that in serum, and the PGI expression correlated well with PGII expression. Further studies with large-scale samples are still required to validate our findings.
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Shiota S, Mahachai V, Vilaichone RK, Ratanachu-Ek T, Tshering L, Uchida T, Matsunari O, Yamaoka Y. Seroprevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection and gastric mucosal atrophy in Bhutan, a country with a high prevalence of gastric cancer. J Med Microbiol 2013; 62:1571-1578. [PMID: 23831768 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.060905-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality in the world. Recently, serum Helicobacter pylori antibodies and pepsinogen (PG) have been used for gastric cancer screening. The incidence of gastric cancer in Bhutan is reported to be quite high compared with that in neighbouring countries. In this study, 381 subjects from three areas of Bhutan were assessed for gastric mucosal atrophy and serological parameters. Anti-H. pylori IgG, PG I, PG II and cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA) antibodies were measured using ELISA. Subjects were classified into four groups according to H. pylori and PG seropositivity: Group A (H. pylori-negative/PG-negative), Group B (H. pylori-positive/PG-negative), Group C (H. pylori-positive/PG-positive) and Group D (H. pylori-negative/PG-positive). The prevalence of H. pylori in the 381 subjects was 71.1% (271/381), with high infection rates found in rural areas. The PG I/II ratio was significantly inversely correlated with the atrophy score in the antrum and the corpus (P<0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that the PG status was significantly associated with the presence of atrophy in the corpus. The prevalence of the PG-positive status was significantly higher among H. pylori-positive subjects than among H. pylori-negative subjects (P<0.001). Based on the ABC method, Group B was the most dominant, followed by Group A, Group C and Group D. The high incidence of gastric cancer in Bhutan can be attributed to the high prevalence of H. pylori infection and gastric mucosal atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiji Shiota
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Japan
| | | | - Ratha-Korn Vilaichone
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medicine, Thammasat University Hospital, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | | | - Lotay Tshering
- Department of Surgery, Jigme Dorji Wangchuk National Referral Hospital, Thimphu, Bhutan
| | - Tomohisa Uchida
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Japan
| | - Osamu Matsunari
- Department of Gastroenterology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Japan
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Japan
| | - Yoshio Yamaoka
- Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Section, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Japan
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Nanjo S, Asada K, Yamashita S, Nakajima T, Nakazawa K, Maekita T, Ichinose M, Sugiyama T, Ushijima T. Identification of gastric cancer risk markers that are informative in individuals with past H. pylori infection. Gastric Cancer 2012; 15:382-8. [PMID: 22237657 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-011-0126-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2011] [Accepted: 11/26/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epigenomic damage induced by Helicobacter pylori infection is accumulated in gastric mucosae before the development of malignancy. In individuals without current H. pylori infection, DNA methylation levels of specific CpG islands (CGIs) are associated with gastric cancer risk. Because risk estimation in individuals with past infection is clinically important, we here aimed to identify the risk markers that reflect epigenomic damage induced by H. pylori infection, and that are informative in these individuals. METHODS Gastric mucosae were obtained from 55 gastric cancer patients (GC-Pt) (21 with current infection and 34 with past infection) and 55 healthy volunteers (HV) (7 never-infected, 21 with current infection, and 27 with past infection). Hypermethylated CGIs were searched for by methylated DNA immunoprecipitation-CGI microarray, and methylation levels were analyzed by quantitative methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS By microarray analysis of a pool of three samples from GC-Pt with past infection and another pool of samples from HV with past infection, 15 hypermethylated CGIs in the former pool were isolated. Seven of them had significantly higher methylation levels in GC-Pt with past infection (n = 10) than in HV with past infection (n = 10) (P < 0.001). In a validation cohort (21 GC-Pt with past infection and 14 HV with past infection), the seven new markers had large areas under the receiver-operating characteristic curves (0.78-0.84) and high odds ratios (12.7-36.0) compared with two currently available markers (0.60-0.65, 5.0-5.7). CONCLUSIONS We identified seven novel gastric cancer risk markers that are highly informative in individuals with past infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohachi Nanjo
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
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Rajčanová M, Tichá M, Kučerová Z. Application of heptapeptides containing D-amino acid residues immobilized to magnetic particles and Sepharose for the study of binding properties of gastric aspartic proteases. J Sep Sci 2012; 35:1899-905. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201200221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2012] [Revised: 04/18/2012] [Accepted: 04/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Rajčanová
- Institute of Pathophysiology; First Faculty of Medicine; Charles University in Prague; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Marie Tichá
- Institute of Pathophysiology; First Faculty of Medicine; Charles University in Prague; Prague Czech Republic
- Department of Biochemistry; Faculty of Science; Charles University in Prague; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Zdenka Kučerová
- Institute of Pathophysiology; First Faculty of Medicine; Charles University in Prague; Prague Czech Republic
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Gao QY, Wang ZH, Chooi EYH, Cui Y, Hu Y, Yang CQ, Liu F, Zheng P, Wang CD, Song YY, Fang JY. A novel model might predict the risk of chronic atrophic gastritis: a multicenter prospective study in China. Scand J Gastroenterol 2012; 47:509-17. [PMID: 22404449 DOI: 10.3109/00365521.2012.658857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To find a new way to predict the risk of chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG). MATERIAL AND METHODS All the participants received endoscopy and histological examination as well as a standard questionnaire. Multivariate analysis was performed by logistic regression to build the CAG risk model. The accuracy was evaluated by 1418 subjects recruited from six medical centers. 63 subjects received another endoscopy after 1-year follow-up and divided into three groups according to the comparison of the histological results (improved, no change and worse). RESULTS The model showed relatively good discrimination, with an AUROC of 0.888 (95% CI 0.852-0.925). A final probability cut-off score of 0.73 was used to predict the presence (>0.73) or absence of CAG (≤0.73). Sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV were 82.8%, 74.7%, 91.8% and 56%, respectively. The predicted results of 1418 subjects compared with the histological results were quite similar. There was a significant difference of the scores between three groups who were followed-up for 1 year (F = 3.248, p = 0.046). In multiple comparisons, a significant difference existed between Group A (the histological results had improved after 1-year follow-up) and Group C (the results were worse) (p = 0.019). CONCLUSIONS This is the first demonstration of the use of a mathematical model for CAG risk screening. Endoscopy should be recommended to those who are positive according to the model, to detect CAG early and conserve medical resources. In those who have a high-risk score, closer follow-up is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin-Yan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Ministry of Health-Shanghai Jiao-Tong University, State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes, 145 Middle Shandong Rd, Shanghai, China
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Yoon H, Kim N, Lee HS, Shin CM, Park YS, Lee DH, Park DJ, Kim HH, Jung HC. Effect of endoscopic screening at 1-year intervals on the clinicopathologic characteristics and treatment of gastric cancer in South Korea. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2012; 27:928-34. [PMID: 22142434 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2011.07038.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM The recommended interval of endoscopic screening for gastric cancer (GC) in a general population is 2 years in Korea. However, it has not been determined whether endoscopic screening with a shorter interval is beneficial, especially for high-risk groups. METHODS A total of 415 patients with GC were categorized according to whether they had (vigilant screening group) or not (non-vigilant screening group) undergone endoscopic screening within 1 year before being diagnosed with GC. Clinicopathologic GC characteristics of the two groups were compared. Next, the same analyses were conducted in subgroups of patients with high risk for GC including males, current smokers, first-degree relatives of GC; and patients with Helicobacter pylori infection, gastric atrophy, or intestinal metaplasia (IM). RESULTS The proportion of vigilant screening patients was 36.1%. Early gastric cancer (EGC) was more frequently observed in the vigilant screening group than the non-vigilant screening group (62.7% vs 49.4%, P = 0.009). In the high-risk factor analyses, EGC was more frequently detected among patients with severe IM in the vigilant screening group than the non-vigilant screening group (66.7% vs 35.5%, P = 0.047). In addition, more patients in the vigilant screening group had undergone endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD; 26.7% vs 0%, P = 0.008) and had stage I (84.6% vs 41.7%, P = 0.012) than in the non-vigilant screening group. CONCLUSIONS Endoscopic screening for GC at 1-year intervals would be beneficial for patients with severe IM in South Korea; this method could detect EGC for which the curative modality would be ESD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyuk Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Yoon H, Kim N, Lee HS, Shin CM, Park YS, Lee DH, Jung HC, Song IS. Helicobacter pylori-negative gastric cancer in South Korea: incidence and clinicopathologic characteristics. Helicobacter 2011; 16:382-8. [PMID: 21923684 DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-5378.2011.00859.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM It is difficult to determine the exact incidence rate of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection-negative gastric cancer (HPIN-GC) because H. pylori detection rates decrease with the progression of gastric atrophy and intestinal metaplasia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence and clinicopathologic characteristics of HPIN-GC in South Korea. METHODS Helicobacter pylori infection status was evaluated by histology, a rapid urease test (CLO test), culturing, serology, and history of H. pylori eradication for 627 patients with gastric cancer. Current H. pylori infection was defined as positive results from histology, the CLO test, and culturing. Previous H. pylori infection was defined as negative in all three biopsy-based tests and positive serology or history of H. pylori eradication. Patients were considered to be negative for H. pylori infection if all results from five methods were negative. However, patients who were found to have severe gastric atrophy by the serum pepsinogen test or metaplastic gastric atrophy by histology were assumed to have had a previous H. pylori infection even if results from other tests for H. pylori infection were all negative. RESULTS The number of patients with gastric cancer with current or previous H. pylori infection was 439 (70.0%) and 154 (24.6%), respectively. The rate of HPIN-GC occurrence was 5.4% (n = 34). Sex, age, Lauren type, location of the tumor, and treatment modalities were not different according to H. pylori infection status. However, HPIN-GC had a more advanced pT classification (T3/T4; 51.9 vs 31.1%, p = .025) and a more advanced stage (more than stage I; 63 vs 41.3%, p = .027) than H. pylori-positive gastric cancer. CONCLUSION At least 5.4% cases of gastric cancer were H. pylori negative among South Korean patients. HPIN-GC looks like to have a poorer prognosis than H. pylori-positive cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyuk Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Yang D, Yu L, Van S. Clinically relevant anticancer polymer Paclitaxel therapeutics. Cancers (Basel) 2010; 3:17-42. [PMID: 24212604 PMCID: PMC3756347 DOI: 10.3390/cancers3010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2010] [Revised: 12/10/2010] [Accepted: 12/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The concept of utilizing polymers in drug delivery has been extensively explored for improving the therapeutic index of small molecule drugs. In general, polymers can be used as polymer-drug conjugates or polymeric micelles. Each unique application mandates its own chemistry and controlled release of active drugs. Each polymer exhibits its own intrinsic issues providing the advantage of flexibility. However, none have as yet been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. General aspects of polymer and nano-particle therapeutics have been reviewed. Here we focus this review on specific clinically relevant anticancer polymer paclitaxel therapeutics. We emphasize their chemistry and formulation, in vitro activity on some human cancer cell lines, plasma pharmacokinetics and tumor accumulation, in vivo efficacy, and clinical outcomes. Furthermore, we include a short review of our recent developments of a novel poly(L-g-glutamylglutamine)-paclitaxel nano-conjugate (PGG-PTX). PGG-PTX has its own unique property of forming nano-particles. It has also been shown to possess a favorable profile of pharmacokinetics and to exhibit efficacious potency. This review might shed light on designing new and better polymer paclitaxel therapeutics for potential anticancer applications in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danbo Yang
- Biomedical Engineering and Technology Institute, Institutes for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China; E-Mail: (D.Y.)
| | - Lei Yu
- Biomedical Engineering and Technology Institute, Institutes for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China; E-Mail: (D.Y.)
- Biomedical Group, Nitto Denko Technical Corporation, 501 Via Del Monte, Oceanside, CA 92058, USA; E-Mail: (S.V.)
| | - Sang Van
- Biomedical Group, Nitto Denko Technical Corporation, 501 Via Del Monte, Oceanside, CA 92058, USA; E-Mail: (S.V.)
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