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Guo B, Li QY, Liu XJ, Luo GH, Wu YJ, Nie J. Diabetes mellitus and Alzheimer's disease: Vacuolar adenosine triphosphatase as a potential link. Eur J Neurosci 2024; 59:2577-2595. [PMID: 38419188 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Globally, the incidence of diabetes mellitus (DM) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) is increasing year by year, causing a huge economic and social burden, and their pathogenesis and aetiology have been proven to have a certain correlation. In recent years, more and more studies have shown that vacuolar adenosine triphosphatases (v-ATPases) in eukaryotes, which are biomolecules regulating lysosomal acidification and glycolipid metabolism, play a key role in DM and AD. This article describes the role of v-ATPase in DM and AD, including its role in glycolysis, insulin secretion and insulin resistance (IR), as well as its relationship with lysosomal acidification, autophagy and β-amyloid (Aβ). In DM, v-ATPase is involved in the regulation of glucose metabolism and IR. v-ATPase is closely related to glycolysis. On the one hand, v-ATPase affects the rate of glycolysis by affecting the secretion of insulin and changing the activities of key glycolytic enzymes hexokinase (HK) and phosphofructokinase 1 (PFK-1). On the other hand, glucose is the main regulator of this enzyme, and the assembly and activity of v-ATPase depend on glucose, and glucose depletion will lead to its decomposition and inactivation. In addition, v-ATPase can also regulate free fatty acids, thereby improving IR. In AD, v-ATPase can not only improve the abnormal brain energy metabolism by affecting lysosomal acidification and autophagy but also change the deposition of Aβ by affecting the production and degradation of Aβ. Therefore, v-ATPase may be the bridge between DM and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of the Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Qi-Ye Li
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of the Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Xue-Jia Liu
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of the Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Guo-Hui Luo
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of the Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Ya-Juan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of the Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Jing Nie
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of the Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
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Milhem F, Hamilton LM, Skates E, Wilson M, Johanningsmeier SD, Komarnytsky S. Biomarkers of Metabolic Adaptation to High Dietary Fats in a Mouse Model of Obesity Resistance. Metabolites 2024; 14:69. [PMID: 38276304 PMCID: PMC10819356 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14010069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity-resistant (non-responder, NR) phenotypes that exhibit reduced susceptibility to developing obesity despite being exposed to high dietary fat are crucial in exploring the metabolic responses that protect against obesity. Although several efforts have been made to study them in mice and humans, the individual protective mechanisms are poorly understood. In this exploratory study, we used a polygenic C57BL/6J mouse model of diet-induced obesity to show that NR mice developed healthier fat/lean body mass ratios (0.43 ± 0.05) versus the obesity-prone (super-responder, SR) phenotypes (0.69 ± 0.07, p < 0.0001) by upregulating gene expression networks that promote the accumulation of type 2a, fast-twitch, oxidative muscle tissues. This was achieved in part by a metabolic adaptation in the form of blood glucose sparing, thus aggravating glucose tolerance. Resistance to obesity in NR mice was associated with 4.9-fold upregulated mitoferrin 1 (Slc25a37), an essential mitochondrial iron importer. SR mice also showed fecal volatile metabolite signatures of enhanced short-chain fatty acid metabolism, including increases in detrimental methyl formate and ethyl propionate, and these effects were reversed in NR mice. Continued research into obesity-resistant phenotypes can offer valuable insights into the underlying mechanisms of obesity and metabolic health, potentially leading to more personalized and effective approaches for managing weight and related health issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadia Milhem
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, 600 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA; (F.M.); (E.S.); (M.W.)
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, 400 Dan Allen Drive, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA;
- Department of Nutrition, University of Petra, 317 Airport Road, Amman 11196, Jordan
| | - Leah M. Hamilton
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, 400 Dan Allen Drive, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA;
- College of Agriculture, Virginia State University, 1 Hayden Drive, Petersburg, VA 23806, USA
| | - Emily Skates
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, 600 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA; (F.M.); (E.S.); (M.W.)
| | - Mickey Wilson
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, 600 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA; (F.M.); (E.S.); (M.W.)
| | - Suzanne D. Johanningsmeier
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Southeast Area, Food Science and Market Quality & Handling Research Unit, North Carolina State University, 322 Schaub Hall, Box 7624, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA;
| | - Slavko Komarnytsky
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, 600 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA; (F.M.); (E.S.); (M.W.)
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, 400 Dan Allen Drive, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA;
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Yu R, Luo J, Liu L, Peng X. Hypoglycemic Effect of Edible Fungi Polysaccharides Depends on Their Metabolites from the Fermentation of Human Fecal Microbiota. Foods 2023; 13:97. [PMID: 38201125 PMCID: PMC10778959 DOI: 10.3390/foods13010097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Edible fungi polysaccharides are widely sourced and have various physiological activities, including hypoglycemic. Current studies mainly focus on the hypoglycemic activity of polysaccharides themselves, while the strength of the hypoglycemic activity of edible fungi polysaccharides from different sources remained elusive. This study compared the hypoglycemic activity of different edible fungi polysaccharides after in vitro fermentation by fecal bacteria, combined with non-targeted metabolomics and 16S rDNA analysis, to screen out potential key metabolites related to the hypoglycemic activity. The results show that the fermentation supernatants of all four edible fungi polysaccharides significantly increased the glucose consumption and glycogen synthesis of IR-HepG2, also up-regulated the level of hexokinase and down-regulated the level of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase. All fermentation supernatants could alleviate the insulin resistance of IR-HepG2 cells by regulating the expression levels of genes related to the IRS-1/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Gingerglycolipid A, sphinganine 1-phosphate, matricin, tricarballylic acid, N-carbamoylputrescine, nomega-acetylhistamine, tyramine, and benzamide could be considered as potential key metabolites to evaluate the hypoglycemic effects. Their levels were strongly positively correlated with the abundance of Candidatus_Stoquefichu, Faecalibacterium, Coprococcus, Bacteroides, Eubacterium_ventriosum_group, Anaerostipes, Parabacteroides, and Agathobacter. These metabolites and microorganisms are closely related to the hypoglycemic activity of edible fungi polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Xichun Peng
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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Antoniak-Pietrynczak K, Zorena K, Jaskulak M, Hansdorfer-Korzon R, Koziński M. Effect of Manual Lymphatic Drainage on the Concentrations of Selected Adipokines, Cytokines, C-Reactive Protein and Parameters of Carbohydrate and Lipid Metabolism in Patients with Abnormal Body Mass Index: Focus on Markers of Obesity and Insulin Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10338. [PMID: 37373485 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to assess the impact of manual lymphatic drainage (MLD) on the parameters of carbohydrate metabolism, lipid metabolism and the level of selected adipokines and cytokines in people with abnormal body mass index (BMI). In addition, an attempt was made to assess the optimal cut-off values of serum concentrations of the biochemical parameters studied in identifying the risk of obesity and insulin resistance (IR). The study included 60 subjects who underwent 10 and 30 min long MLD sessions three times a week. The study group included 15 patients with a normal body mass index (group I; n = 15), overweight patients (group II; n = 15) and obese patients (group III; n = 10). The control group was IV; n = 20 subjects not undergoing MLD. Biochemical tests were carried out on all subjects at stage 0' (before MLD therapy) and at stage 1' (one month after MLD therapy). In the control group, the time between the sample collection at stage 0' and stage 1' was the same as in the study group. Our results showed that 10 MLD sessions may have a positive effect on the selected biochemical parameters, including insulin, 2h-PG, leptin and HOMA-IR values in normal weight and overweight patients. In addition, in the study group, the highest AUCROC values in identifying the risk of obesity were found for leptin (AUCROC = 82.79%; cut-off = 17.7 ng/mL; p = 0.00004), insulin (AUCROC = 81.51%; cut-off = 9.5 µIU/mL; p = 0.00009) and C-peptide (AUCROC = 80.68%; cut-off = 2.3 ng/mL; p = 0.0001) concentrations as well as for HOMA-IR values (AUCROC = 79.97%; cut-off = 1.8; p = 0.0002). When considering the risk of IR, we observed the highest diagnostic value for insulin (AUCROC = 93.05%; cut-off = 1.8 ng/mL; p = 0.053), which was followed by C-peptide (AUCROC = 89.35%; cut-off = 17.7 ng/mL; p = 0.000001), leptin (AUCROC = 79.76%; cut-off = 17.6 ng/mL; p = 0.0002) and total cholesterol (AUCROC = 77.31%; cut-off = 198 mg/dL; p = 0.0008). Our results indicate that MLD may have a positive effect on selected biochemical parameters, including insulin, 2h-PG, leptin and HOMA-IR, in normal weight and overweight patients. In addition, we successfully established optimal cut-off values for leptin in the assessment of obesity and insulin in the assessment of insulin resistance in patients with abnormal body mass index. Based on our findings, we hypothesize that MLD, when combined with caloric restriction and physical activity, may serve as an effective preventive intervention against the development of obesity and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Antoniak-Pietrynczak
- Department of Immunobiology and Environment Microbiology, Medical University of Gdansk, Dębinki 7, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Zorena
- Department of Immunobiology and Environment Microbiology, Medical University of Gdansk, Dębinki 7, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Marta Jaskulak
- Department of Immunobiology and Environment Microbiology, Medical University of Gdansk, Dębinki 7, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Rita Hansdorfer-Korzon
- Department of Physiotherapy, Medical University of Gdansk, Dębinki 7, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Marek Koziński
- Department of Cardiology and Internal Diseases, Institute of Maritime and Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdansk, Powstania Styczniowego 9b, 81-519 Gdynia, Poland
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Duisenbek A, Lopez-Armas GC, Pérez M, Avilés Pérez MD, Aguilar Benitez JM, Pereira Pérez VR, Gorts Ortega J, Yessenbekova A, Ablaikhanova N, Escames G, Acuña-Castroviejo D, Rusanova I. Insights into the Role of Plasmatic and Exosomal microRNAs in Oxidative Stress-Related Metabolic Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1290. [PMID: 37372020 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12061290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A common denominator of metabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes Mellitus, dyslipidemia, and atherosclerosis, are elevated oxidative stress and chronic inflammation. These complex, multi-factorial diseases are caused by the detrimental interaction between the individual genetic background and multiple environmental stimuli. The cells, including the endothelial ones, acquire a preactivated phenotype and metabolic memory, exhibiting increased oxidative stress, inflammatory gene expression, endothelial vascular activation, and prothrombotic events, leading to vascular complications. There are different pathways involved in the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases, and increased knowledge suggests a role of the activation of the NF-kB pathway and NLRP3 inflammasome as key mediators of metabolic inflammation. Epigenetic-wide associated studies provide new insight into the role of microRNAs in the phenomenon of metabolic memory and the development consequences of vessel damage. In this review, we will focus on the microRNAs related to the control of anti-oxidative enzymes, as well as microRNAs related to the control of mitochondrial functions and inflammation. The objective is the search for new therapeutic targets to improve the functioning of mitochondria and reduce oxidative stress and inflammation, despite the acquired metabolic memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayauly Duisenbek
- Department of Biophysics, Biomedicine and Neuroscience, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi Av. 71, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, 18019 Granada, Spain
| | - Gabriela C Lopez-Armas
- Departamento de Investigación y Extensión, Centro de Enseñanza Técnica Industrial, C. Nueva Escocia 1885, Guadalajara 44638, Mexico
| | - Miguel Pérez
- Hospital de Alta Resolución de Alcalá la Real, 23680 Jaén, Spain
| | - María D Avilés Pérez
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (Ibs.GRANADA), University Hospital Clínico San Cecilio, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | | | - Víctor Roger Pereira Pérez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, 18019 Granada, Spain
| | - Juan Gorts Ortega
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, 18019 Granada, Spain
| | - Arailym Yessenbekova
- Department of Biophysics, Biomedicine and Neuroscience, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi Av. 71, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, 18019 Granada, Spain
| | - Nurzhanyat Ablaikhanova
- Department of Biophysics, Biomedicine and Neuroscience, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi Av. 71, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
| | - Germaine Escames
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERfes), Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (Ibs.GRANADA), San Cecilio University Hospital Clínico, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Darío Acuña-Castroviejo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERfes), Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (Ibs.GRANADA), San Cecilio University Hospital Clínico, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Iryna Rusanova
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, 18019 Granada, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERfes), Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (Ibs.GRANADA), San Cecilio University Hospital Clínico, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
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Dakic T, Jevdjovic T, Lakic I, Ruzicic A, Jasnic N, Djurasevic S, Djordjevic J, Vujovic P. The Expression of Insulin in the Central Nervous System: What Have We Learned So Far? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076586. [PMID: 37047558 PMCID: PMC10095302 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
After being discovered over a century ago, insulin was long considered to be a hormone exclusively produced by the pancreas. Insulin presence was later discovered in the brain, which was originally accounted for by its transport across the blood-brain barrier. Considering that both insulin mRNA and insulin were detected in the central nervous system (CNS), it is now known that this hormone is also synthesized in several brain regions, including the hypothalamus, hippocampus, cerebral and cerebellar cortex, and olfactory bulb. Although many roles of insulin in the CNS have been described, it was initially unknown which of them could be attributed to brain-derived and which to pancreatic insulin or whether their actions in the brain overlap. However, more and more studies have been emerging lately, focusing solely on the roles of brain-derived insulin. The aim of this review was to present the latest findings on the roles of brain-derived insulin, including neuroprotection, control of growth hormone secretion, and regulation of appetite and neuronal glucose uptake. Lastly, the impairment of signaling initiated by brain-derived insulin was addressed in regard to memory decline in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Dakic
- Department for Comparative Physiology and Ecophysiology, Institute for Physiology and Biochemistry Ivan Djaja, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski Trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tanja Jevdjovic
- Department for Comparative Physiology and Ecophysiology, Institute for Physiology and Biochemistry Ivan Djaja, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski Trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Iva Lakic
- Department for Comparative Physiology and Ecophysiology, Institute for Physiology and Biochemistry Ivan Djaja, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski Trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Ruzicic
- Department for Comparative Physiology and Ecophysiology, Institute for Physiology and Biochemistry Ivan Djaja, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski Trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nebojsa Jasnic
- Department for Comparative Physiology and Ecophysiology, Institute for Physiology and Biochemistry Ivan Djaja, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski Trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sinisa Djurasevic
- Department for Comparative Physiology and Ecophysiology, Institute for Physiology and Biochemistry Ivan Djaja, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski Trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Djordjevic
- Department for Comparative Physiology and Ecophysiology, Institute for Physiology and Biochemistry Ivan Djaja, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski Trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Predrag Vujovic
- Department for Comparative Physiology and Ecophysiology, Institute for Physiology and Biochemistry Ivan Djaja, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski Trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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Sonthalia M, Roy BS, Chandrawanshi D, Ganesh GV, Jayasuriya R, Mohandas S, Rajagopal S, Ramkumar KM. Histone deacetylase inhibitors as antidiabetic agents: Advances and opportunities. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 935:175328. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Lu LW, Gao Y, Quek SY, Foster M, Eason CT, Liu M, Wang M, Chen JH, Chen F. The landscape of potential health benefits of carotenoids as natural supportive therapeutics in protecting against Coronavirus infection. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 154:113625. [PMID: 36058151 PMCID: PMC9428603 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic urges researching possibilities for prevention and management of the effects of the virus. Carotenoids are natural phytochemicals of anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties and may exert potential in aiding in combatting the pandemic. This review presents the direct and indirect evidence of the health benefits of carotenoids and derivatives based on in vitro and in vivo studies, human clinical trials and epidemiological studies and proposes possible mechanisms of action via which carotenoids may have the capacity to protect against COVID-19 effects. The current evidence provides a rationale for considering carotenoids as natural supportive nutrients via antioxidant activities, including scavenging lipid-soluble radicals, reducing hypoxia-associated superoxide by activating antioxidant enzymes, or suppressing enzymes that produce reactive oxygen species (ROS). Carotenoids may regulate COVID-19 induced over-production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, pro-inflammatory enzymes and adhesion molecules by nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAS) and interleukins-6- Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (IL-6-JAK/STAT) pathways and suppress the polarization of pro-inflammatory M1 macrophage. Moreover, carotenoids may modulate the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors γ by acting as agonists to alleviate COVID-19 symptoms. They also may potentially block the cellular receptor of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). These activities may reduce the severity of COVID-19 and flu-like diseases. Thus, carotenoid supplementation may aid in combatting the pandemic, as well as seasonal flu. However, further in vitro, in vivo and in particular long-term clinical trials in COVID-19 patients are needed to evaluate this hypothesis.
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Oyebode OA, Erukainure OL, Chuturgoon AA, Ghazi T, Naidoo P, Chukwuma CI, Islam MS. Bridelia ferruginea Benth. (Euphorbiaceae) mitigates oxidative imbalance and lipotoxicity, with concomitant modulation of insulin signaling pathways via GLUT4 upregulation in hepatic tissues of diabetic rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 284:114816. [PMID: 34763044 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Bridelia ferruginea Benth. (Euphorbiaceae) is among the medicinal plants commonly used for the management of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and its complications. AIM OF THE STUDY The hepato-therapeutic effect of the butanol fraction of Bridelia ferruginea leaves was investigated in diabetic rats. METHODS The butanol fraction of B. ferruginea was given to type 2 diabetic rats at both low and high doses (150 and 300 mg/kg bodyweight, respectively), while metformin and glibenclamide served as the standard anti-diabetic drugs. A normal toxicological group was administered a high dose of the fraction. At the end of the experimental period, the rats were sacrificed, and their livers and psoas muscle collected. The liver was assayed for oxidative stress markers, liver glycogen content, lipid metabolite profile (using GC-MS) and their metabolic pathways were analyzed using the MetaboAnalyst 5.0 online server. The expression of GLUT4 was also assayed in the liver and muscle as well as the identification of signaling pathways associated with GLUT4 expression using the Enrichr online server. In silico molecular docking was used to investigate the molecular interactions of some postulated compound found in B. ferruginea with GLUT4. The ability of the fraction to stimulate muscle glucose uptake was determined in isolated rat psoas muscle ex vivo. RESULTS Treatment with the high dose of fraction caused an inhibition of lipid peroxidation as well as the elevation of catalase, SOD, glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidase activities in the rat liver. There was an increased expression of GLUT4 in livers and muscles of diabetic rats following treatment with B. ferruginea. Treatment with the fraction also caused inactivation of diabetes-activated pathways and changes in the distribution of the hepatic lipid metabolites. Molecular docking analysis revealed strong molecular interactions of pyrogallol and sitosterol with GLUT4. CONCLUSIONS These data illustrate the hepato-protective effect of B. ferruginea in diabetic rats which compare favorably with the tested anti-diabetic drugs (metformin and glibenclamide).
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Affiliation(s)
- Olajumoke A Oyebode
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, (Westville Campus), Durban, 4000, South Africa; Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa
| | - Ochuko L Erukainure
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, (Westville Campus), Durban, 4000, South Africa; Department of Pharmacology, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa
| | - Anil A Chuturgoon
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry and Chemical Pathology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Howard College Campus), Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Terisha Ghazi
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry and Chemical Pathology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Howard College Campus), Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Pragalathan Naidoo
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry and Chemical Pathology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Howard College Campus), Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Chika I Chukwuma
- Center for Quality of Health and Living, Faculty of Health Sciences, Central University of Technology, Bloemfontein, 9301, South Africa
| | - Md Shahidul Islam
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, (Westville Campus), Durban, 4000, South Africa.
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Cruz-Pineda WD, Garibay-Cerdenares OL, Rodríguez-Ruíz HA, Matia-García I, Marino-Ortega LA, Espinoza-Rojo M, Reyes-Castillo Z, Castro-Alarcón N, Castañeda-Saucedo E, Illades-Aguiar B, Parra-Rojas I. Changes in the Expression of Insulin Pathway, Neutrophil Elastase and Alpha 1 Antitrypsin Genes from Leukocytes of Young Individuals with Insulin Resistance. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2022; 15:1865-1876. [PMID: 35757193 PMCID: PMC9215908 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s362881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic hyperinsulinemia is a hallmark of insulin resistance that affects a diversity of cells, including leukocytes modifying the expression of some genes involved in insulin signaling. PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate how hyperinsulinemia affects the expression of genes involved in the proximal insulin signaling pathway in leukocytes from 45 young individuals grouped: normal weight with not insulin resistance (NIR), with insulin resistance (IR) and with obesity (OB-IR). METHODS qPCR was performed to analyze the expression of insulin receptor (INSR), insulin receptor substrate 1 and 2 (IRS-1 and IRS-2), neutrophil elastase (NE), alpha 1 antitrypsin (A1AT), glucose transporters 1, 3 and 4 (GLUT-1, GLUT-3 and GLUT-4) by the 2-ΔCt method, and the correlation between the genes was determined by Spearman's test. RESULTS The mRNA expression analysis of all genes between NIR and IR individuals revealed no differences. However, when comparing NIR and IR individuals with OB-IR, an increase in NE and A1AT expression and a clear trend towards a decrease in IRS-2 expression was observed, whereas the comparison of IR and OB-IR showed a decrease in GLUT-3 expression. Overall, the correlation analysis showed that in the IR group there was a positive correlation only between NE with IRS-1 (r = 0.72, p = 0.003), while in the OB-IR group, there was a positive correlation between the NE and A1AT with INSR (r = 0.62, p = 0.01 and r = 0.74, p = 0.002, respectively) and with IRS-2 (r = 0.74, p = 0.002 and r = 0.76, p = 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSION These results suggest that hyperinsulinemia and obesity are associated with changes in the expression of genes in leukocytes involved in the insulin pathway that are related to NE and A1AT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter David Cruz-Pineda
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Obesidad y Diabetes, Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, México
| | - Olga Lilia Garibay-Cerdenares
- CONACyT-Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, México
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, México
- Olga Lilia Garibay-Cerdenares, CONACyT-Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Avenida Lázaro Cárdenas S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, CP 39090, México, Tel/Fax +52 7474710901, Email
| | - Hugo Alberto Rodríguez-Ruíz
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Obesidad y Diabetes, Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, México
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, México
| | - Inés Matia-García
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Obesidad y Diabetes, Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, México
| | - Linda Anahí Marino-Ortega
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Obesidad y Diabetes, Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, México
| | - Mónica Espinoza-Rojo
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, México
| | - Zyanya Reyes-Castillo
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Comportamiento Alimentario y Nutrición, Centro Universitario del Sur, Universidad de Guadalajara, Ciudad Guzmán, Jalisco, México
| | - Natividad Castro-Alarcón
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, México
| | - Eduardo Castañeda-Saucedo
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Biología Celular del Cáncer, Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, México
| | - Berenice Illades-Aguiar
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, México
| | - Isela Parra-Rojas
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Obesidad y Diabetes, Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, México
- Correspondence: Isela Parra-Rojas, Laboratorio de Investigación en Obesidad y Diabetes, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Avenida Lázaro Cárdenas S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, CP 39090, México, Tel/Fax +52 7474719310, Email
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Rosita R, Yueniwati Y, Endharti AT, Widodo MA. High-Glucose and Free Fatty Acid-Induced Adipocytes Generate Increasing of HMGB1 and Reduced GLUT4 Expression. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2021.7199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
High-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) is released from necrotic adipocytes into the extracellular milieu as an inflammatory alarmin in obesity. Although the impact of excess nutrient on adipocytes is well known, it is not clear how specific its component drive cell-size and damaged of adipocytes, and how this relates to the risk of insulin resistance.
Objectives
The aim of this study was to determine HMGB1 level in adipocytes cultures after high glucose and/or FFA exposures and to assess GLUT4 expression. We determined cellular features of adipocytes that correlates to HMGB1 released and insulin resistance.
Methods
Differentiated adipocytes were exposed to high glucose and/or FFAs for 7 days. ELISA was performed on supernatant to assess the HMGB1 level. Total GLUT4 expression were quantified by immunofluorescense.
Results
High glucose and FFA-exposed cells have significant increase of HMGB1 level with decreased of cell size and necrotic adipocytes features. The total GLUT4 were reduced in HG-cells (p <0,045), but not in FFA cells. Hypertrophic adipocytes (p <0.05) and slight decrease of GLUT4 expression were showed on HG+FFA exposures with no increase of HMGB1 level. There was a significant correlation between cell size and HMGB1 level (R -0,637, p < 0.026)
Conclusion
The expression level studies between high glucose, FFA, and a combination of both on adipocytes results strongly suggest that high glucose is more damaging to adipocyte compared to FFA. Nevertheless, the combination of the two causes adipocyte dysfunction with general features of adipose tissue in obesity, suggested it can be used as a hypertrophic adipocytes model to study obesity in vitro.
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Reed J, Bain S, Kanamarlapudi V. A Review of Current Trends with Type 2 Diabetes Epidemiology, Aetiology, Pathogenesis, Treatments and Future Perspectives. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2021; 14:3567-3602. [PMID: 34413662 PMCID: PMC8369920 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s319895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D), which has currently become a global pandemic, is a metabolic disease largely characterised by impaired insulin secretion and action. Significant progress has been made in understanding T2D aetiology and pathogenesis, which is discussed in this review. Extrapancreatic pathology is also summarised, which demonstrates the highly multifactorial nature of T2D. Glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 is an incretin hormone responsible for augmenting insulin secretion from pancreatic beta-cells during the postprandial period. Given that native GLP-1 has a very short half-life, GLP-1 mimetics with a much longer half-life have been developed, which are currently an effective treatment option for T2D by enhancing insulin secretion in patients. Interestingly, there is continual emerging evidence that these therapies alleviate some of the post-diagnosis complications of T2D. Additionally, these therapies have been shown to induce weight loss in patients, suggesting they could be an alternative to bariatric surgery, a procedure associated with numerous complications. Current GLP-1-based therapies all act as orthosteric agonists for the GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R). Interestingly, it has emerged that GLP-1R also has allosteric binding sites and agonists have been developed for these sites to test their therapeutic potential. Recent studies have also demonstrated the potential of bi- and tri-agonists, which target multiple hormonal receptors including GLP-1R, to more effectively treat T2D. Improved understanding of T2D aetiology/pathogenesis, coupled with the further elucidation of both GLP-1 activity/targets and GLP-1R mechanisms of activation via different agonists, will likely provide better insight into the therapeutic potential of GLP-1-based therapies to treat T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josh Reed
- Institute of Life Science 1, Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Stephen Bain
- Institute of Life Science 1, Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
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13
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Miranda-Nuñez JE, Zamilpa-Alvarez A, Fortis-Barrera A, Alarcon-Aguilar FJ, Loza-Rodriguez H, Gomez-Quiroz LE, Salas-Silva S, Flores-Cruz M, Zavala-Sanchez MA, Blancas-Flores G. GLUT4 translocation in C2C12 myoblasts and primary mouse hepatocytes by an antihyperglycemic flavone from Tillandsia usneoides. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 89:153622. [PMID: 34161895 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) is characterized by deregulation in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, with a very high mortality rate. Glucose Transporter type 4 (GLUT4) plays a crucial role in T2D and represents a therapeutic target of interest. Tillandsia usneoides (T. usneoides) is a plant used as a remedy for diabetes. T. usneoides decreased blood glucose in different experimental models. However, the involvement of GLUT4 in this effect has not yet been explored. PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate whether any component in T. usneoides might participate in the effect on blood glucose through a bioassay-guided fractionation, testing its potential antihyperglycemic effect in mice, as well as its influence on GLUT4 translocation in C2C12 myoblasts and primary hepatocytes. METHODS The aqueous extract and the Ethyl Acetate fraction (TU-AcOEt) of T. usneoides were evaluated in a hypoglycemic activity bioassay and in the glucose tolerance test in CD-1 mice. TU-AcOEt was fractionated, obtaining five fractions that were studied in an additional glucose tolerance test. C1F3 was fractioned again, and its fractions (C2F9-12, C2F22-25, and C2F38-44) were examined by HPLC. The C2F38-44 fraction was analyzed by Mass Spectrometry (MS) and subjected to additional fractionation. The fraction C3F6-9 was explored by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), resulting in 5,7,4´-trihydroxy-3,6,3´,5´-tetramethoxyflavone (Flav1). Subsequently, a viability test was performed to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of Flav1 and fractions C2F9-12, C2F22-25. C2F38-44, and C3F30-41 in C2C12 myoblasts and primary mouse hepatocytes. Confocal microscopy was also performed to assess the effect of Flav1 and fractions on GLUT4 translocation. RESULTS The TU-AcOEt fraction exhibited a hypoglycemic and antihyperglycemic effect in mice, and its fractionation resulted in five fractions, among which fraction C1F3 decreased blood glucose. MS and NMR analysis revealed the presence of Flav1. Finally, Flav1 significantly promoted the translocation of GLUT4 in C2C12 myoblasts and primary hepatocytes. CONCLUSION To date, Flav1 has not been reported to have activity in GLUT4; this study provides evidence that T. usneoides is a plant with the potential to develop novel therapeutic agents for the control of T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alejandro Zamilpa-Alvarez
- Departamento de Fitoquímica Farmacológica, Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Sur, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Xochitepec, Morelos, México
| | - Angeles Fortis-Barrera
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, DCBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, San Rafael Atlixco 186, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Francisco Javier Alarcon-Aguilar
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, DCBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, San Rafael Atlixco 186, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Hilda Loza-Rodriguez
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, DCBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, San Rafael Atlixco 186, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Luis E Gomez-Quiroz
- Área de Medicina Experimental y Traslacional, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, DCBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, San Rafael Atlixco 186, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Soraya Salas-Silva
- Área de Medicina Experimental y Traslacional, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, DCBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, San Rafael Atlixco 186, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Maria Flores-Cruz
- Departamento el Hombre y su Ambiente, DCBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Calzada del Hueso 1100, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Miguel Angel Zavala-Sanchez
- Departamento de Sistemas Biológicos, DCBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Calzada del Hueso 1100, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Gerardo Blancas-Flores
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, DCBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, San Rafael Atlixco 186, Ciudad de México, México.
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14
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Chang YC, Chan MH, Li CH, Fang CY, Hsiao M, Chen CL. Exosomal Components and Modulators in Colorectal Cancer: Novel Diagnosis and Prognosis Biomarkers. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9080931. [PMID: 34440135 PMCID: PMC8391321 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9080931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The relatively high incidence and mortality rates for colorectal carcinoma (CRC) make it a formidable malignant tumor. Comprehensive strategies have been applied to predict patient survival and diagnosis. Various clinical regimens have also been developed to improve the therapeutic outcome. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are recently proposed cellular structures that can be produced by natural or artificial methods and have been extensively studied. In addition to their innate functions, EVs can be manipulated to be drug carriers and exert many biological functions. The composition of EVs, their intravesicular components, and the surrounding tumor microenvironment are closely related to the development of colorectal cancer. Determining the expression profiles of exocytosis samples and using them as indicators for selecting effective combination therapy is an indispensable direction for EV study and should be regarded as a novel prediction platform in addition to cancer stage, prognosis, and other clinical assessments. In this review, we summarize the function, regulation, and application of EVs in the colon cancer research field. We provide an update on and discuss potential values for clinical applications of EVs. Moreover, we illustrate the specific markers, mediators, and genetic alterations of EVs in colorectal carcinogenesis. Furthermore, we outline the vital markers present in the EVs and discuss their plausible uses in colon cancer patient therapy in combination with the currently used clinical strategies. The development and application of these EVs will significantly improve the accuracy of diagnosis, lead to more precise prognoses, and may lead to the improved treatment of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chan Chang
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan;
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsien Chan
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; (M.-H.C.); (C.-H.L.)
| | - Chien-Hsiu Li
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; (M.-H.C.); (C.-H.L.)
| | - Chih-Yeu Fang
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 350, Taiwan;
| | - Michael Hsiao
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; (M.-H.C.); (C.-H.L.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (M.H.); (C.-L.C.); Tel.: +886-2-2787-1243 (M.H.); +886-2-2736-1661 (ext. 3139) (C.-L.C.); Fax: +886-2-2789-9931 (M.H.)
| | - Chi-Long Chen
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Department of Pathology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (M.H.); (C.-L.C.); Tel.: +886-2-2787-1243 (M.H.); +886-2-2736-1661 (ext. 3139) (C.-L.C.); Fax: +886-2-2789-9931 (M.H.)
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Dewanjee S, Vallamkondu J, Kalra RS, Chakraborty P, Gangopadhyay M, Sahu R, Medala V, John A, Reddy PH, De Feo V, Kandimalla R. The Emerging Role of HDACs: Pathology and Therapeutic Targets in Diabetes Mellitus. Cells 2021; 10:1340. [PMID: 34071497 PMCID: PMC8228721 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the principal manifestations of metabolic syndrome and its prevalence with modern lifestyle is increasing incessantly. Chronic hyperglycemia can induce several vascular complications that were referred to be the major cause of morbidity and mortality in DM. Although several therapeutic targets have been identified and accessed clinically, the imminent risk of DM and its prevalence are still ascending. Substantial pieces of evidence revealed that histone deacetylase (HDAC) isoforms can regulate various molecular activities in DM via epigenetic and post-translational regulation of several transcription factors. To date, 18 HDAC isoforms have been identified in mammals that were categorized into four different classes. Classes I, II, and IV are regarded as classical HDACs, which operate through a Zn-based mechanism. In contrast, class III HDACs or Sirtuins depend on nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) for their molecular activity. Functionally, most of the HDAC isoforms can regulate β cell fate, insulin release, insulin expression and signaling, and glucose metabolism. Moreover, the roles of HDAC members have been implicated in the regulation of oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, fibrosis, and other pathological events, which substantially contribute to diabetes-related vascular dysfunctions. Therefore, HDACs could serve as the potential therapeutic target in DM towards developing novel intervention strategies. This review sheds light on the emerging role of HDACs/isoforms in diabetic pathophysiology and emphasized the scope of their targeting in DM for constituting novel interventional strategies for metabolic disorders/complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saikat Dewanjee
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India;
| | | | - Rajkumar Singh Kalra
- AIST-INDIA DAILAB, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology (AIST), Higashi 1-1-1, Tsukuba 305 8565, Japan;
| | - Pratik Chakraborty
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India;
| | - Moumita Gangopadhyay
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, ADAMAS University, Barasat, Kolkata 700126, West Bengal, India;
| | - Ranabir Sahu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling 734013, West Bengal, India;
| | - Vijaykrishna Medala
- Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India;
| | - Albin John
- Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; (A.J.); (P.H.R.)
| | - P. Hemachandra Reddy
- Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; (A.J.); (P.H.R.)
- Neuroscience & Pharmacology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
- Neurology, Departments of School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
- Public Health Department of Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
- Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, School Health Professions, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Vincenzo De Feo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Ramesh Kandimalla
- Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India;
- Department of Biochemistry, Kakatiya Medical College, Warangal 506007, Telangana, India
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El-Daly SM, Medhat D, A El-Bana M, Abdel-Latif Y, El-Naggar ME, Omara EA, Morsy SM, Hussein J. Stimulatory effect of docosahexaenoic acid alone or loaded in zinc oxide or silver nanoparticles on the expression of glucose transport pathway. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2021; 155:106566. [PMID: 34048868 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2021.106566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The role of glucose transporters (GLUTs) in diabetes mellitus has become more prominent as a possible therapeutic target. In the present study, we aimed to compare the effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs), silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) alone or loaded in ZnONPs or AgNPs on insulin signaling pathway and GLUTs expression in diabetic rats. In the experimental part, rats were divided into seven groups; control, diabetic, and the other five groups were diabetic received different treatments. Fasting blood sugar (FBS), serum level of insulin, insulin resistance (IR), and serum level of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) were evaluated. In addition, insulin expression in pancreatic islets was assessed by immunohistochemical analysis, and the expression of liver GLUTs 1, 2, and 4 and liver insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) was evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reactions (RT-PCR). The results of the current study showed that ZnONPs, AgNPs, and DHA alone or loaded in ZnONPs or AgNPs attenuated levels of FBS, insulin and decreased IR in diabetic rats through enhancing the expression of GLUTs as well as IRS-1 and PI3K. Furthermore, AgNPs loaded with DHA showed the most significance with high comparability to the control group. In conclusion, this study elucidated the role of GLUTs and IRS-1 in diabetes and introduced novel characteristics of ZnONPs, AgNPs, and DHA alone or loaded in ZnONPs or AgNPs as a therapeutic modality to activate GLUTs and IRS1, which may be beneficial for diabetic patients with IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherien M El-Daly
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt; Cancer Biology and Genetics Laboratory, Centre of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dalia Medhat
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt.
| | - Mona A El-Bana
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Yasmin Abdel-Latif
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt; Faculty of Biotechnology, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 6th October, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mehrez E El-Naggar
- Textile Research Division, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St., P.O. 12622, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Enayat A Omara
- Pathology Department, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Safaa M Morsy
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Jihan Hussein
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
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Wang D, He L, Zhang X. -308G/A polymorphism of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) gene and metabolic syndrome susceptibility: a meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3840. [PMID: 33589701 PMCID: PMC7884834 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83321-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies tried to assess the relationship between -308G/A polymorphism of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) gene and risk of metabolic syndrome (MS), but their results were contradictory. This meta-analysis aimed to precisely evaluate this association. A systematic literature search was performed in Pubmed database and WanFang Med Online, STATA software 14.0 was used for the meta-analysis. Eleven independent studies containing 3277 cases and 3312 controls were included in our meta-analysis. In overall analysis, significant association was found between -308G/A polymorphism of TNF-α and MS in both allele model (OR 1.47, 95% CI 1.09–1.98, P 0.013) and dominant model (OR 1.77, 95% CI 1.21–2.58, P 0.003). In the subgroup analysis, the A allele was associated with increased risk of MS in Asia group (allele model: OR 1.82 95% CI 1.31–2.53, P < 0.001; dominant model: OR 2.30, 95% CI 1.64–3.21 P < 0.001; homozygous model: OR 2.29, 95% CI 1.31–4.01, P 0.004), and decreased risk of MS in Europe group (dominant model: OR 0.83, 95% CI 0.70–0.99, P < 0.001; recessive model: OR 0.51, 95% CI 0.28–0.92, P 0.025; homozygous model: OR 0.49 95% CI 0.27–0.89, P 0.02). The A allele also appeared to linked to increased risk of MS in CDS group and IDF groups. No significant association was observed in NCEPATPIII group. Our results suggested that -308G/A of TNF-α gene was a risk factor for MS, but it may played different roles in different ethnics, further studies with larger sample size and more other ethnics should be performed to confirm our conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, 215# Zhongshan Ave., Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Liqun He
- Department of Cardiology, Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, 215# Zhongshan Ave., Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaotian Zhang
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Applied Toxicology, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 35# Zhou Daoquan North Road, Wuhan, 430079, People's Republic of China.
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18
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Štambuk T, Gornik O. Protein Glycosylation in Diabetes. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1325:285-305. [PMID: 34495541 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-70115-4_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by the presence of hyperglycaemia. Due to its high prevalence and substantial heterogeneity, many studies have been investigating markers that could identify predisposition for the disease development, differentiate between the various subtypes, establish early diagnosis, predict complications or represent novel therapeutic targets. N-glycans, complex oligosaccharide molecules covalently linked to proteins, emerged as potential markers and functional effectors of various diabetes subtypes, appearing to have the capacity to meet these requirements. For instance, it has been shown that N-glycome changes in patients with type 2 diabetes and that N-glycans can even identify individuals with an increased risk for its development. Moreover, genome-wide association studies identified glycosyltransferase genes as candidate causal genes for both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. N-glycans have also been suggested to have a major role in preventing the impairment of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion by modulating cell surface expression of glucose transporters. In this chapter we aimed to describe four major diabetes subtypes: type 1, type 2, gestational and monogenic diabetes, giving an overview of suggested role for N-glycosylation in their development, diagnosis and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Štambuk
- Genos, Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Olga Gornik
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Zagreb, Croatia
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Al Duhaidahawi D, Hasan SA, Al Zubaidy HFS. Flavonoids in the Treatment of Diabetes: Clinical Outcomes and Mechanism to Ameliorate Blood Glucose Levels. Curr Diabetes Rev 2021; 17:e120720188794. [PMID: 33290200 DOI: 10.2174/1573399817666201207200346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND For thousands of years, natural food products have been used as a medicine for treating diseases that affect the human body, including diabetes mellitus (DM). Lately, several investigations have been performed on the flavonoid derivatives of plant origin, and their biological activity has been extensively studied. METHODS Given our need to know more mechanisms for treating DM, we performed a thorough research review on treating diabetes mellitus based on flavonoids, their therapeutic potential, and biological action. RESULTS Flavonoids reduce complications in addition to their vital role as effective supplements for preventing diabetes mellitus by regulating glucose metabolism, lipid profile, liver enzyme activity, a protein kinase inhibitor, PPAR, and AMPK with NF-κB. CONCLUSION The articles that we reviewed showed the positive role of flavonoids, which in a certain way reduce diabetes, but their side effects still need to be studied further.This review is focused on describing the different types of dietary flavonoids along with their mechanisms of reducing blood glucose and enhancing insulin sensitivity, as well as their side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dunya Al Duhaidahawi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognacy, University of Kufa, AL-Najaf, Iraq
| | - Samer A Hasan
- Pharmacognacy, Pharmacy, University of Kufa, AL-Najaf, Iraq
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Singh V, Sagar P, Kaul S, Sandhir R, Singhal NK. Liver Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase-1 Downregulation via siRNA-Functionalized Graphene Oxide Nanosheets Restores Glucose Homeostasis in a Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus In Vivo Model. Bioconjug Chem 2020; 32:259-278. [PMID: 33347265 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.0c00645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic disorders have been increasing at an alarming rate, and one such example of metabolic disorder is type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Unregulated gluconeogenesis in T2DM results in increased hepatic glucose output that causes fasting and postprandial hyperglycaemia. Extensive proofs have shown that the downregulation of the key rate-limiting enzyme phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase-1 (PCK-1) of gluconeogenesis improved glucose homeostasis in vivo. In the present study, we have synthesized and characterized liver-specific stearic acid conjugated octaarginine (StA-R8) functionalized 4arm-2K-PEGamineylated graphene oxide nanosheets (GPR8) for the delivery of siRNA against PCK-1 in T2DM C57BL/6 mice. We found that a single intravenous administration of siRNA (3 mg/kg BW) conjugated to GPR8 (GPR8:PCK-1siRNA(3 mg/kg BW) conjugate) in an optimized N/P ratio exploited as a therapeutic nanoformulation maintained glucose homeostasis for nearly 4 weeks in the T2DM mice. Efficient silencing of PCK-1 in T2DM liver tissue increased the phosphorylation of serine-256 of FOXO-1, thus showing a marked decrease in hepatic gluconeogenesis. Gluconeogenesis control and consequently glucose output from the liver furthermore partially enhanced liver and muscle insulin sensitivity results in the stimulation of the insulin/AKT-2 signaling pathway which indirectly restored glucose homeostasis in the treated T2DM group. Our therapeutic nanoformulation also improved glycogen storage in the liver and membrane translocation of GLUT4 in the muscle of the treated T2DM group. In conclusion, GPR8:PCK-1siRNA (3 mg/Kg BW) restored glucose homeostasis by controlling the hepatic glucose production and improved peripheral insulin sensitivity as a consequence of reduced hyperglycemia. Thus, the current approach offered an alternative strategy for the therapeutics for T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Singh
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Sector-81, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab India.,Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Sector 14, Chandigarh, India
| | - Poonam Sagar
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Sector-81, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab India
| | - Sunaina Kaul
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Sector-81, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab India
| | - Rajat Sandhir
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Sector 14, Chandigarh, India
| | - Nitin Kumar Singhal
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Sector-81, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab India
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21
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Kubyshkin A, Shevandova A, Petrenko V, Fomochkina I, Sorokina L, Kucherenko A, Gordienko A, Khimich N, Zyablitskaya E, Makalish T, Aliev L, Kornienko N, Fomochkin I. Anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic effects of grape-derived stilbene concentrate in the experimental metabolic syndrome. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2020; 19:1205-1214. [PMID: 33553024 PMCID: PMC7843874 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-020-00626-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
AIMS This study aimed to investigate the carbohydrate and lipid dynamics, associated inflammation markers and the effectiveness of a grape-derived stilbene concentrate (GDSC) treatment in experimental metabolic syndrome (MetS). METHODS The study was carried out on 40 male 12-weeks of age Wistar rats. The MetS was induced using the fructose model (feeding with 60%-solid fructose diet for 24 weeks). Rats with induced MetS were treated with polyphenolic GDSC, which was obtained by water-alcohol extraction of Vitis vinifera grapevine (Ressfood LLC, Russia). RESULTS The experimentally induced MetS development leads to classic MetS signs, including abdominal obesity, hyperglycemia, high lipid levels and heart damage. The expression of glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) had greater dynamics than biochemical measurements. The development of the associated inflammatory reactions was confirmed by the increased level of Toll-like receptor type 4 (TLR4) and C-reactive protein (CRP) compared to control levels. The use of the GDSC had positive dynamics in carbohydrate and lipid levels, inflammatory marker, also prevented associated inflammation and heart damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatoly Kubyshkin
- Department of General and Clinical Pathophysiology of Medical Academy named after S.I. Georgievsky (structural unit), V. I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Simferopol, Crimea, Russian Federation, 5/7 Lenin Boulevard, 295051 Russia
| | - Alina Shevandova
- Department of General and Clinical Pathophysiology of Medical Academy named after S.I. Georgievsky (structural unit), V. I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Simferopol, Crimea, Russian Federation, 5/7 Lenin Boulevard, 295051 Russia
| | - Vitalina Petrenko
- Department of General and Clinical Pathophysiology of Medical Academy named after S.I. Georgievsky (structural unit), V. I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Simferopol, Crimea, Russian Federation, 5/7 Lenin Boulevard, 295051 Russia
| | - Irina Fomochkina
- Department of General and Clinical Pathophysiology of Medical Academy named after S.I. Georgievsky (structural unit), V. I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Simferopol, Crimea, Russian Federation, 5/7 Lenin Boulevard, 295051 Russia
| | - Leya Sorokina
- Department of General and Clinical Pathophysiology of Medical Academy named after S.I. Georgievsky (structural unit), V. I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Simferopol, Crimea, Russian Federation, 5/7 Lenin Boulevard, 295051 Russia
| | - Alexander Kucherenko
- Department of General and Clinical Pathophysiology of Medical Academy named after S.I. Georgievsky (structural unit), V. I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Simferopol, Crimea, Russian Federation, 5/7 Lenin Boulevard, 295051 Russia
| | - Andrey Gordienko
- The Central Research Laboratory of the Medical Academy named after S. I. Georgievsky, V. I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Simferopol, Russia
| | - Natalia Khimich
- The Central Research Laboratory of the Medical Academy named after S. I. Georgievsky, V. I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Simferopol, Russia
| | - Evgenia Zyablitskaya
- The Central Research Laboratory of the Medical Academy named after S. I. Georgievsky, V. I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Simferopol, Russia
| | - Tatiana Makalish
- The Central Research Laboratory of the Medical Academy named after S. I. Georgievsky, V. I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Simferopol, Russia
| | - Leonid Aliev
- Department of General and Clinical Pathophysiology of Medical Academy named after S.I. Georgievsky (structural unit), V. I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Simferopol, Crimea, Russian Federation, 5/7 Lenin Boulevard, 295051 Russia
| | - Natalia Kornienko
- Department of General and Clinical Pathophysiology of Medical Academy named after S.I. Georgievsky (structural unit), V. I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Simferopol, Crimea, Russian Federation, 5/7 Lenin Boulevard, 295051 Russia
| | - Ivan Fomochkin
- Department of General and Clinical Pathophysiology of Medical Academy named after S.I. Georgievsky (structural unit), V. I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Simferopol, Crimea, Russian Federation, 5/7 Lenin Boulevard, 295051 Russia
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Wang T, Wang J, Hu X, Huang XJ, Chen GX. Current understanding of glucose transporter 4 expression and functional mechanisms. World J Biol Chem 2020; 11:76-98. [PMID: 33274014 PMCID: PMC7672939 DOI: 10.4331/wjbc.v11.i3.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucose is used aerobically and anaerobically to generate energy for cells. Glucose transporters (GLUTs) are transmembrane proteins that transport glucose across the cell membrane. Insulin promotes glucose utilization in part through promoting glucose entry into the skeletal and adipose tissues. This has been thought to be achieved through insulin-induced GLUT4 translocation from intracellular compartments to the cell membrane, which increases the overall rate of glucose flux into a cell. The insulin-induced GLUT4 translocation has been investigated extensively. Recently, significant progress has been made in our understanding of GLUT4 expression and translocation. Here, we summarized the methods and reagents used to determine the expression levels of Slc2a4 mRNA and GLUT4 protein, and GLUT4 translocation in the skeletal muscle, adipose tissues, heart and brain. Overall, a variety of methods such real-time polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry, fluorescence microscopy, fusion proteins, stable cell line and transgenic animals have been used to answer particular questions related to GLUT4 system and insulin action. It seems that insulin-induced GLUT4 translocation can be observed in the heart and brain in addition to the skeletal muscle and adipocytes. Hormones other than insulin can induce GLUT4 translocation. Clearly, more studies of GLUT4 are warranted in the future to advance of our understanding of glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiannan Wang
- Department of Nutrition, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, United States
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Pharmacy, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xinge Hu
- Department of Nutrition, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, United States
| | - Xian-Ju Huang
- College of Pharmacy, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, Hubei Province, China
| | - Guo-Xun Chen
- Department of Nutrition, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, United States
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23
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Buha A, Đukić-Ćosić D, Ćurčić M, Bulat Z, Antonijević B, Moulis JM, Goumenou M, Wallace D. Emerging Links between Cadmium Exposure and Insulin Resistance: Human, Animal, and Cell Study Data. TOXICS 2020; 8:E63. [PMID: 32867022 PMCID: PMC7560347 DOI: 10.3390/toxics8030063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recent research has helped clarify the role of cadmium (Cd) in various pathological states. We have demonstrated Cd involvement in pancreatic cancer, as well as the bioaccumulation of Cd in the pancreas. Bioaccumulation and increased toxicity suggest that Cd may also be involved in other pancreas-mediated diseases, like diabetes. Cd falls into the category of "hyperglycemic" metals, i.e., metals that increase blood glucose levels, which could be due to increased gluconeogenesis, damage to β-cells leading to reduced insulin production, or insulin resistance at target tissue resulting in a lack of glucose uptake. This review addresses the current evidence for the role of Cd, leading to insulin resistance from human, animal, and in vitro studies. Available data have shown that Cd may affect normal insulin function through multiple pathways. There is evidence that Cd exposure results in the perturbation of the enzymes and modulatory proteins involved in insulin signal transduction at the target tissue and mutations of the insulin receptor. Cd, through well-described mechanisms of oxidative stress, inflammation, and mitochondrial damage, may also alter insulin production in β-cells. More work is necessary to elucidate the mechanisms associated with Cd-mediated insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Buha
- Department of Toxicology “Akademik Danilo Soldatović”, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.Đ.-Ć.); (M.Ć.); (Z.B.); (B.A.)
| | - Danijela Đukić-Ćosić
- Department of Toxicology “Akademik Danilo Soldatović”, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.Đ.-Ć.); (M.Ć.); (Z.B.); (B.A.)
| | - Marijana Ćurčić
- Department of Toxicology “Akademik Danilo Soldatović”, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.Đ.-Ć.); (M.Ć.); (Z.B.); (B.A.)
| | - Zorica Bulat
- Department of Toxicology “Akademik Danilo Soldatović”, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.Đ.-Ć.); (M.Ć.); (Z.B.); (B.A.)
| | - Biljana Antonijević
- Department of Toxicology “Akademik Danilo Soldatović”, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.Đ.-Ć.); (M.Ć.); (Z.B.); (B.A.)
| | - Jean-Marc Moulis
- Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission—Fundamental Research Division—Interdisciplinary Research Institute of Grenoble (CEA-IRIG), University of Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France;
- Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Bioenergetics (LBFA), University of Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U1055, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Marina Goumenou
- Centre of Toxicology and Forensic Sciences, Medicine School, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece;
- General Chemical State Laboratory of Greek Republic, 71202 Heraklion, Greece
| | - David Wallace
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK 74107, USA;
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N-glycans as functional effectors of genetic and epigenetic disease risk. Mol Aspects Med 2020; 79:100891. [PMID: 32861467 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2020.100891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
N-glycosylation is a frequent modification of proteins, essential for all domains of life. N-glycan biosynthesis is a dynamic, complex, non-templated process, wherein specific glycoforms are modulated by various microenvironmental cues, cellular signals and local availability of dedicated enzymes and sugar precursors. This intricate regulatory network comprises hundreds of proteins, whose activity is dependent on both sequence of implicated genes and the regulation of their expression. In this regard, variation in N-glycosylation patterns stems from either gene polymorphisms or from stable epigenetic regulation of gene expression in different individuals. Moreover, epigenome alters in response to various environmental factors, representing a direct link between environmental exposure and changes in gene expression, that are subsequently reflected through altered N-glycosylation. N-glycosylation itself has a fundamental role in numerous biological processes, ranging from protein folding, cellular homeostasis, adhesion and immune regulation, to the effector functions in multiple diseases. Moreover, specific modification of the glycan structure can modulate glycoprotein's biological function or direct the faith of the entire cell, as seen on the examples of antibodies and T cells, respectively. Since immunoglobulin G is one of the most profoundly studied glycoproteins in general, the focus of this review will be on its N-glycosylation changes and their functional implications. By deepening the knowledge on the mechanistic roles that certain glycoforms exert in differential pathological processes, valuable insight into molecular perturbations occurring during disease development could be obtained. The prospect of resolving the exact biological pathways involved offers a potential for the development of new therapeutic interventions and molecular tools that would aid in prognosis, early referral and timely treatment of multiple disease conditions.
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Mehnati P, Baradaran B, Vahidian F, Nadiriazam S. Functional response difference between diabetic/normal cancerous patients to inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stresses after radiotherapy. Rep Pract Oncol Radiother 2020; 25:730-737. [PMID: 32684862 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpor.2020.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes, which is considered as a chronic metabolic disorder leads to an increase in inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stresses. Studies have shown several functional differences in the oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines responses in diabetic/normal cancerous patients candidate for radiotherapy. Also, radiotherapy as a cancer treatment modality is known as a carcinogen due to oxidative damage via generation of reactive oxygen metabolites and also causing inflammation of the tissue by increasing the inflammatory cytokines. Therefore, the consequence of diabetes on oxidative stress and increased inflammatory factors and synergistic effects of radiotherapy on these factors cause complications in diabetics undergoing radiotherapy. It is considered as one of the most interesting objectives to control inflammation and oxidative stress in these patients. This review aims to concentrate on the influence of factors such as MPO, MDA, IL-1β, and TNF-α in diabetic patients by emphasizing the effects related to radiation-induced toxicity and inflammation by proposing therapeutic approaches which could be helpful in reduction of the complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parinaz Mehnati
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Vahidian
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sousan Nadiriazam
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Viraragavan A, Hlengwa N, de Beer D, Riedel S, Miller N, Bowles S, Walczak B, Muller C, Joubert E. Model development for predicting in vitro bio-capacity of green rooibos extract based on composition for application as screening tool in quality control. Food Funct 2020; 11:3084-3094. [PMID: 32195502 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo02480h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Mounting evidence of the ability of aspalathin to target underlying metabolic dysfunction relevant to the development or progression of obesity and type 2 diabetes created a market for green rooibos extract as a functional food ingredient. Aspalathin is the obvious choice as a chemical marker for extract standardisation and quality control, however, often the concentration of a single constituent of a complex mixture such as a plant extract is not directly related to its bio-capacity, i.e. the level of in vitro bioactivity effected in a cell system at a fixed concentration. Three solvents (hot water and two EtOH-water mixtures), previously shown to produce bioactive green rooibos extracts, were selected for extraction of different batches of rooibos plant material (n = 10). Bio-capacity of the extracts, tested at 10 μg ml-1, was evaluated in terms of glucose uptake by C2C12 and C3A cells and lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells. The different solvents and inter-batch plant variation delivered extracts ranging in aspalathin content from 54.1 to 213.8 g kg-1. The extracts were further characterised in terms of other major flavonoids (n = 10) and an enolic phenylpyruvic acid glucoside, using HPLC-DAD. The 80% EtOH-water extracts, with the highest mean aspalathin content (170.9 g kg-1), had the highest mean bio-capacity in the respective assays. Despite this, no significant (P≥ 0.05) correlation existed between aspalathin content and bio-capacity, while the orientin, isoorientin and vitexin content correlated moderately (r≥ 0.487; P < 0.05) with increased glucose uptake by C2C12 cells. Various multivariate analysis methods were then applied with Evolution Program-Partial Least Squares (EP-PLS) resulting in models with the best predictive power. These EP-PLS models, based on all quantified compounds, predicted the bio-capacity of the extracts for the respective cell types with RMSECV values ≤ 11.5, confirming that a complement of compounds, and not aspalathin content alone, is needed to predict the in vitro bio-capacity of green rooibos extracts. Additionally, the composition of hot water infusions of different production batches of green rooibos (n = 29) at 'cup-of-tea' equivalence was determined to relate dietary supplementation with the extract to intake in the form of herbal tea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amsha Viraragavan
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, P.O. Box 19070, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa.
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Rathaur P, SR KJ. Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics of Phytochemicals in the Human Body. Curr Drug Metab 2020; 20:1085-1102. [DOI: 10.2174/1389200221666200103090757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background:Phytochemicals are obtained from various plants and used for the treatment of diseases as both traditional and modern medicines. Poor bioavailability of phytochemicals is a major concern in applying phytochemicals as a therapeutic agent. It is, therefore, necessary to understand the metabolism and pharmacokinetics of phytochemicals for its implication as a therapeutic agent.Methods:Articles on the metabolism of phytochemicals from the PubMed database. The articles were classified into the digestion, absorption, metabolism, excretion, toxicity, and bioavailability of phytochemicals and the effect of gut microbiota on the metabolism of phytochemicals.Results:The metabolism of each phytochemical is largely dependent on the individual's digestive ability, membrane transporters, metabolizing enzymes and gut microbiota. Further, the form of the phytochemical and genetic make-up of the individual greatly influences the metabolism of phytochemicals.Conclusion:The metabolism of phytochemicals is mostly depended on the form of phytochemicals and individualspecific variations in the metabolism of phytochemicals. Understanding the metabolism and pharmacokinetics of phytochemicals might help in applying plant-based medicines for the treatment of various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Rathaur
- Department of Life Science, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Kaid Johar SR
- Department of Zoology, Biomedical Technology and Human Genetics, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, India
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28
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Antioxidant Effects and Mechanisms of Medicinal Plants and Their Bioactive Compounds for the Prevention and Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes: An Updated Review. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:1356893. [PMID: 32148647 PMCID: PMC7042557 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1356893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder that majorly affects the endocrine gland, and it is symbolized by hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance owing to deficient insulin secretory responses and beta cell dysfunction. This ailment affects as many as 451 million people worldwide, and it is also one of the leading causes of death. In spite of the immense advances made in the development of orthodox antidiabetic drugs, these drugs are often considered not successful for the management and treatment of T2DM due to the myriad side effects associated with them. Thus, the exploration of medicinal herbs and natural products as therapeutic sources for the treatment of T2DM is promoted because they have little or no side effects. Bioactive molecules isolated from natural sources have been proven to lower blood glucose levels via regulating one or more of the following mechanisms: improvement of beta cell function, insulin resistance, glucose (re)absorption, and glucagon-like peptide-1 homeostasis. In recent times, the mechanisms of action of different bioactive molecules with antidiabetic properties and phytochemistry are gaining a lot of attention in the area of drug discovery. This review article presents an update of the findings from clinical research into medicinal plant therapy for T2DM.
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Davids SFG, Matsha TE, Peer N, Erasmus RT, Kengne AP. The 7-Year Change in the Prevalence of Insulin Resistance, Inflammatory Biomarkers, and Their Determinants in an Urban South African Population. J Diabetes Res 2020; 2020:3781214. [PMID: 32566678 PMCID: PMC7261324 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3781214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin resistance (IR) and subclinical inflammation are involved in pathological pathways leading to the development of biological cardiovascular risk factors and subsequent cardiovascular events. Therefore, monitoring these processes can provide advanced information on the trajectory of cardiovascular risk profile of a population and inform prevention and control strategies. We investigated changes in IR and subclinical inflammation in a population from Cape Town, South Africa, between 2008/09 and 2014/16. METHODS In a total of 2503 (n = 797, 2008/09) and (n = 1706, 2014/16) participants, IR was calculated using five indices, i.e., insulin fasting, HOMA-IR, QUICKI, McAuley, and Matsuda while subclinical inflammation was measured using usCRP and gamma GT. Linear and logistic regression analyses and interaction tests were conducted. RESULTS The mean age of participants was 53.2 (2008/09) and 48.2 (2014/16), respectively. In females, IR prevalence significantly decreased between 2008/09 and 2014/2016 by all indices (p ≤ 0.021), while subclinical inflammation prevalence increased from 54.7% (2008/09) to 57.1% (2014/16) based on usCRP and 29.6% to 33.4% based on gamma GT. In a multivariate analysis adjusted for the year of study, age, and gender, prominent factors associated with increased IR or subclinical inflammation were obesity levels measured using waist circumference, glycated haemoglobin, and fasting insulin levels. CONCLUSIONS Over the 7-year period, subclinical inflammation increased and this was associated with IR and the metabolic syndrome components, both of which are strong predictors of CVDs. The decrease in IR over the year period reflects in part the much younger age in the second survey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saarah Fatoma Gadija Davids
- Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- SAMRC/CPUT Cardiometabolic Health Research Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Tandi Edith Matsha
- SAMRC/CPUT Cardiometabolic Health Research Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nasheeta Peer
- Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Rajiv Timothy Erasmus
- Department of Chemical Pathology, National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS) and Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Andre Pascal Kengne
- Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
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Dharmani M, Kamarulzaman K, Giribabu N, Choy KW, Zuhaida MZ, Aladdin NA, Jamal JA, Mustafa MR. Effect of Marantodes pumilum Blume (Kuntze) var.alata on β-cell function and insulin signaling in ovariectomised diabetic rats. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 65:153101. [PMID: 31648126 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2019.153101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oestrogen deficiency leads to metabolic disturbances such as insulin resistance and impairment of adipose tissue or lipid metabolism. Marantodes pumilum (Blume) Kuntze (Primulaceae) is believed to have phytoestrogenic properties and is claimed to have beneficial effects in the treatment of diabetes mellitus (DM), but the mechanism behind its phytoestrogenic effects on estrogen-deficient diabetic condition have not been fully examined. PURPOSE The present study investigated the effects of oral treatment with M. pumilum var. alata (MPA) extracts on the estrogen receptor, metabolic characteristics and insulin signaling pathway in pancreas and liver of ovariectomised nicotidamide streptozotocin-induced diabetes in female rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ovariectomised diabetic (OVXS) Sprague-Dawley rats were orally administered with either aqueous leaf extract and ethanol (50%) stem-root extract of MPA (50 or 100 mg/kg) respectively for 28 days. Metabolic parameters were evaluated by measuring fasting blood glucose, serum insulin, oral glucose and insulin tolerance test. Distribution and expression level of insulin, oxidative stress and inflammatory marker in the pancreatic islets and liver were evaluated by immunohistochemistry and western blot, respectively. RESULTS Oral treatment with aqueous leaf and ethanol (50%) stem-root extracts of MPA (100 mg/kg) significantly reversed the elevated fasting blood glucose, impaired glucose and insulin tolerance. The protein expression of insulin, glucose transporter (GLUT-2 and GLUT-4) increased in the pancreatic islets and liver. Furthermore, marked improvement in the tissue morphology following treatment with MPA was observed. Similarly, the western blots analysis denotes improved insulin signaling in the liver and decreased reactive oxygen species producing enzymes, inflammatory and pro-apoptotic molecules with MPA treatment. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, this work demonstrate that 100 mg/kg of aqueous leaf extract and ethanol (50%) stem-root extract of MPA improves β-cell function and insulin signaling in postmenopausal diabetes through attenuation of oxidative stress and partially mediated by oestrogen receptor stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Dharmani
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - K Kamarulzaman
- Physiology Unit, International Medical School, Management and Science University, University Drive, Sekysen 13, 40100 Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | - N Giribabu
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - K W Choy
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, MAHSA University, Jalan SP2, Bandar Saujana Putra, 42610 Jenjarum, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh, 47000, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - M Z Zuhaida
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - N A Aladdin
- Drug and Herbal Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - J A Jamal
- Drug and Herbal Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - M R Mustafa
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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31
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Murphy CS, Liaw L, Reagan MR. In vitro tissue-engineered adipose constructs for modeling disease. BMC Biomed Eng 2019; 1:27. [PMID: 32133436 PMCID: PMC7055683 DOI: 10.1186/s42490-019-0027-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adipose tissue is a vital tissue in mammals that functions to insulate our bodies, regulate our internal thermostat, protect our organs, store energy (and burn energy, in the case of beige and brown fat), and provide endocrine signals to other organs in the body. Tissue engineering of adipose and other soft tissues may prove essential for people who have lost this tissue from trauma or disease. MAIN TEXT In this review, we discuss the applications of tissue-engineered adipose tissue specifically for disease modeling applications. We provide a basic background to adipose depots and describe three-dimensional (3D) in vitro adipose models for obesity, diabetes, and cancer research applications. CONCLUSIONS The approaches to engineering 3D adipose models are diverse in terms of scaffold type (hydrogel-based, silk-based and scaffold-free), species of origin (H. sapiens and M. musculus) and cell types used, which allows researchers to choose a model that best fits their application, whether it is optimization of adipocyte differentiation or studying the interaction of adipocytes and other cell types like endothelial cells. In vitro 3D adipose tissue models support discoveries into the mechanisms of adipose-related diseases and thus support the development of novel anti-cancer or anti-obesity/diabetes therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor S. Murphy
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME USA
- University of Maine Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Orono, ME USA
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Center for Translational Research, 81 Research Drive, Scarborough, ME 04074 USA
| | - Lucy Liaw
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME USA
- University of Maine Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Orono, ME USA
- School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA USA
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Center for Translational Research, 81 Research Drive, Scarborough, ME 04074 USA
| | - Michaela R. Reagan
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME USA
- University of Maine Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Orono, ME USA
- School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA USA
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Center for Translational Research, 81 Research Drive, Scarborough, ME 04074 USA
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32
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Ruiz-Ojeda FJ, Anguita-Ruiz A, Rupérez AI, Gomez-Llorente C, Olza J, Vázquez-Cobela R, Gil-Campos M, Bueno G, Leis R, Cañete R, Moreno LA, Gil A, Aguilera CM. Effects of X-chromosome Tenomodulin Genetic Variants on Obesity in a Children's Cohort and Implications of the Gene in Adipocyte Metabolism. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3979. [PMID: 30850679 PMCID: PMC6408551 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40482-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Tenomodulin (TNMD) is a type II transmembrane glycoprotein that has been recently linked to obesity, and it is highly expressed in obese adipose tissue. Several sex-dependent associations have been observed between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the TNMD gene, which is located in the X-chromosome, and obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and metabolic syndrome in adults. On the other hand, results are lacking for children. We aimed (i) to study the association between TNMD genetic variants and metabolic complications related to childhood obesity and (ii) to investigate the function of TNMD in human adipocytes. We conducted a case-control, multicenter study in 915 Spanish children and demonstrated significant positive associations between TNMD genetic variants and BMI z-score, waist circumference, fasting glucose, and insulin resistance in boys, highlighting the SNP rs4828038. Additionally, we showed a BMI-adjusted inverse association with waist circumference in girls. Second, in vitro experiments revealed that TNMD is involved in adipogenesis, along with glucose and lipid metabolism in differentiated adipocytes, and these effects may be mediated through AMPK activation. Hence, these results suggest that TNMD genetic variants could be potentially useful as early life risk indicators for obesity and T2DM. In addition, we support the fact that TNMD exhibits significant metabolic functions in adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Javier Ruiz-Ojeda
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix", Center of Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n., 18016, Armilla, Granada, Spain. .,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria IBS.GRANADA, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, Granada, 18014, Spain.
| | - Augusto Anguita-Ruiz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix", Center of Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n., 18016, Armilla, Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria IBS.GRANADA, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, Granada, 18014, Spain.,Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Azahara I Rupérez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix", Center of Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n., 18016, Armilla, Granada, Spain.,Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Carolina Gomez-Llorente
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix", Center of Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n., 18016, Armilla, Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria IBS.GRANADA, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, Granada, 18014, Spain.,Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Josune Olza
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix", Center of Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n., 18016, Armilla, Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria IBS.GRANADA, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, Granada, 18014, Spain.,Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Rocío Vázquez-Cobela
- Unit of Investigation in Nutrition, Growth and Human Development of Galicia, Pediatric Department (USC), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Mercedes Gil-Campos
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, 28029, Spain.,Department of Paediatrics, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Institute Maimónides of Biomedicine Investigation of Córdoba (IMIBIC), University of Córdoba, Avda Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Gloria Bueno
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, 28029, Spain.,Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón),, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Rosaura Leis
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, 28029, Spain.,Unit of Investigation in Nutrition, Growth and Human Development of Galicia, Pediatric Department (USC), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ramón Cañete
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, 28029, Spain.,Department of Paediatrics, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Institute Maimónides of Biomedicine Investigation of Córdoba (IMIBIC), University of Córdoba, Avda Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Luis A Moreno
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, 28029, Spain.,Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón),, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Angel Gil
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix", Center of Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n., 18016, Armilla, Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria IBS.GRANADA, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, Granada, 18014, Spain.,Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Concepcion Maria Aguilera
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix", Center of Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n., 18016, Armilla, Granada, Spain. .,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria IBS.GRANADA, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, Granada, 18014, Spain. .,Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, 28029, Spain.
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Sönmez M, Ficai D, Ficai A, Alexandrescu L, Georgescu M, Trusca R, Gurau D, Titu MA, Andronescu E. Applications of mesoporous silica in biosensing and controlled release of insulin. Int J Pharm 2018; 549:179-200. [PMID: 30016674 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The development of new oral insulin delivery systems could bring significant benefits to insulin-dependent patients due to the simplicity of the method, avoidance of pain caused by parenteral administration and maintenance of optimal therapeutic levels for a longer period. However, administration of such therapeutic proteins orally remains a challenge because insulin (Ins) is a very sensitive molecule and can be easily degraded under the existing pH conditions in the stomach and intestines. Moreover, due to the large size of insulin, intestinal epithelium permeability is very low. This could be improved by immobilizing insulin in the mesoporous silica pores (MSN), acting as a shield to protect the molecule integrity from the proteolytic degradation existing in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine. Due to the high adsorption capacity of insulin, biocompatibility, ease of functionalization with various organic and/or inorganic groups, high mechanical and chemical resistance, adjustable pore size and volume, MSN is considered an ideal candidate for the development of controlled release systems that are sensitive to various stimuli (pH, temperature) as well as to glucose. Modifying MSN surfaces by coating with various mucoadhesive polymers (chitosan, alginate, etc.) will also facilitate interaction with the intestinal mucus and improve intestinal retention time. Moreover, the development of glucose-responsive systems for achieving MSN-based self-regulated insulin delivery, decorated with various components serving as sensors - glucose oxidase (GODx) and phenylboronic acid (PBA) that can control the insulin dosage, avoiding overdose leading to serious hypoglycemia. MSN have also been tested for application as biosensors for glucose monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Sönmez
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, 36-46 bd. M. Kogalniceanu, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Denisa Ficai
- Politehnica University of Bucharest, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Material Science, 1-7 Polizu St., Bucharest, Romania
| | - Anton Ficai
- S.C. Metav R&D S.A, 31 C.A. Rosetti Str., Bucharest, Romania
| | - Laurentia Alexandrescu
- National Research & Development Institute for Textiles and Leather-Division: Leather and Footwear Research Institute, 93 Ion Minulescu St., Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihai Georgescu
- National Research & Development Institute for Textiles and Leather-Division: Leather and Footwear Research Institute, 93 Ion Minulescu St., Bucharest, Romania
| | - Roxana Trusca
- S.C. Metav R&D S.A, 31 C.A. Rosetti Str., Bucharest, Romania
| | - Dana Gurau
- National Research & Development Institute for Textiles and Leather-Division: Leather and Footwear Research Institute, 93 Ion Minulescu St., Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Ecaterina Andronescu
- Politehnica University of Bucharest, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Material Science, 1-7 Polizu St., Bucharest, Romania.
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Zhao L, Zou T, Gomez NA, Wang B, Zhu MJ, Du M. Raspberry alleviates obesity-induced inflammation and insulin resistance in skeletal muscle through activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) α1. Nutr Diabetes 2018; 8:39. [PMID: 29961765 PMCID: PMC6026595 DOI: 10.1038/s41387-018-0049-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Through dynamic means, etiological factors, including chronic inflammation and insulin resistance have the potential to perpetuate metabolic incidences such as type 2 diabetes and obesity. Abatement of such syndromes can be achieved by complex mechanisms initiated through bioactive compounds such as polyphenols derived from fruits. Using a whole-fruit approach, the effects of dietary red raspberry, which is rich in polyphenols, on inflammatory responses and insulin resistance in the skeletal muscles of Mus musculus were studied along with the potential role of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) to act as a key mediator. SUBJECTS Wild-type (WT) mice and mice deficient in the catalytic subunit (α1) of AMPK (AMPKα1-/-) were fed with a high-fat diet (HFD) or HFD supplemented with raspberry (5% dry weight) for 10 weeks. Factors involved in inflammatory responses, insulin signaling transduction, and mitochondrial biogenesis were evaluated. RESULTS Dietary raspberry reduced ectopic lipid storage, alleviated inflammation responses, improved whole-body insulin sensitivity, and promoted mitochondrial biogenesis in the skeletal muscle of WT mice, but not AMPKα1-/- mice. CONCLUSIONS AMPKα1 is an important mediator for the beneficial effects of raspberry through alleviating inflammatory responses and sensitizing insulin signaling in skeletal muscle of HFD-fed mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhao
- Department of Animal Sciences, Nutrigenomics and Growth Biology laboratory, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Tiande Zou
- Department of Animal Sciences, Nutrigenomics and Growth Biology laboratory, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330045, China
| | - Noe Alberto Gomez
- Department of Animal Sciences, Nutrigenomics and Growth Biology laboratory, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Animal Sciences, Nutrigenomics and Growth Biology laboratory, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Mei-Jun Zhu
- School of Food Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Min Du
- Department of Animal Sciences, Nutrigenomics and Growth Biology laboratory, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA.
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100194, China.
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35
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Haczeyni F, Bell-Anderson KS, Farrell GC. Causes and mechanisms of adipocyte enlargement and adipose expansion. Obes Rev 2018; 19:406-420. [PMID: 29243339 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissue plays a significant role in whole body energy homeostasis. Obesity-associated diabetes, fatty liver and metabolic syndrome are closely linked to adipose stress and dysfunction. Genetic predisposition, overeating and physical inactivity influence the expansion of adipose tissues. Under conditions of constant energy surplus, adipocytes become hypertrophic and adipose tissues undergo hyperplasia so as to increase their lipid storage capacity, thereby keeping circulating blood glucose and fatty acids below toxic levels. Nonetheless, adipocytes have a saturation point where they lose capacity to store more lipids. At this stage, when adipocytes are fully lipid-engorged, they express stress signals. Adipose depots (particularly visceral compartments) from obese individuals with a severe metabolic phenotype are characterized by the high proportion of hypertrophic adipocytes. This review focuses on the mechanisms of adipocyte enlargement in relation to adipose fatty acid and cholesterol metabolism, and considers how this may be related to adipose dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Haczeyni
- Liver Research Group, Australian National University Medical School at The Canberra Hospital, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - K S Bell-Anderson
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - G C Farrell
- Liver Research Group, Australian National University Medical School at The Canberra Hospital, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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36
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Habtemariam S. Antidiabetic Potential of Monoterpenes: A Case of Small Molecules Punching above Their Weight. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 19:ijms19010004. [PMID: 29267214 PMCID: PMC5795956 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoterpenes belong to the terpenoids class of natural products and are bio-synthesized through the mevalonic acid pathway. Their small molecular weight coupled with high non-polar nature make them the most abundant components of essential oils which are often considered to have some general antioxidant and antimicrobial effects at fairly high concentrations. These compounds are however reported to have antidiabetic effects in recent years. Thanks to the ingenious biosynthetic machinery of nature, they also display a fair degree of structural complexity/diversity for further consideration in structure-activity studies. In the present communication, the merit of monoterpenes as antidiabetic agents is scrutinized by assessing recent in vitro and in vivo studies reported in the scientific literature. Both the aglycones and glycosides of these compounds of rather small structural size appear to display antidiabetic along with antiobesity and lipid lowering effects. The diversity of these effects vis-à-vis their structures and mechanisms of actions are discussed. Some key pharmacological targets include the insulin signaling pathways and/or the associated PI3K-AKT (protein kinase B), peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ (PPARγ), glucose transporter-4 (GLUT4) and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathways; proinflammatory cytokines and the NF-κB pathway; glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis in the liver; glucagon-like-1 receptor (GLP-1R); among others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solomon Habtemariam
- Pharmacognosy Research Laboratories & Herbal Analysis Services, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham-Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK.
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37
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Hoyeck MP, Hadj-Moussa H, Storey KB. The role of MEF2 transcription factors in dehydration and anoxia survival in Rana sylvatica skeletal muscle. PeerJ 2017; 5:e4014. [PMID: 29134152 PMCID: PMC5682099 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The wood frog (Rana sylvatica) can endure freezing of up to 65% of total body water during winter. When frozen, wood frogs enter a dormant state characterized by a cessation of vital functions (i.e., no heartbeat, blood circulation, breathing, brain activity, or movement). Wood frogs utilize various behavioural and biochemical adaptations to survive extreme freezing and component anoxia and dehydration stresses, including a global suppression of metabolic functions and gene expression. The stress-responsive myocyte enhancer factor-2 (MEF2) transcription factor family regulates the selective expression of genes involved in glucose transport, protein quality control, and phosphagen homeostasis. This study examined the role of MEF2A and MEF2C proteins as well as select downstream targets (glucose transporter-4, calreticulin, and muscle and brain creatine kinase isozymes) in 40% dehydration and 24 h anoxia exposure at the transcriptional, translational, and post-translational levels using qRT-PCR, immunoblotting, and subcellular localization. Mef2a/c transcript levels remained constant during dehydration and anoxia. Total, cytoplasmic, and nuclear MEF2A/C and phospho-MEF2A/C protein levels remained constant during dehydration, whereas a decrease in total MEF2C levels was observed during rehydration. Total and phospho-MEF2A levels remained constant during anoxia, whereas total MEF2C levels decreased during 24 h anoxia and P-MEF2C levels increased during 4 h anoxia. In contrast, cytoplasmic MEF2A levels and nuclear phospho-MEF2A/C levels were upregulated during anoxia. MEF2 downstream targets remained constant during dehydration and anoxia, with the exception of glut4 which was upregulated during anoxia. These results suggest that the upregulated MEF2 response reported in wood frogs during freezing may in part stem from their cellular responses to surviving prolonged anoxia, rather than dehydration, leading to an increase in GLUT4 expression which may have an important role during anoxia survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam P Hoyeck
- Institute of Biochemistry, Departments of Biology and Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Hanane Hadj-Moussa
- Institute of Biochemistry, Departments of Biology and Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Kenneth B Storey
- Institute of Biochemistry, Departments of Biology and Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada
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Kšiňanová M, Čikoš Š, Babel’ová J, Šefčíková Z, Špirková A, Koppel J, Fabian D. The Responses of Mouse Preimplantation Embryos to Leptin In Vitro in a Transgenerational Model for Obesity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:233. [PMID: 28959235 PMCID: PMC5604062 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that leptin can directly mediate the negative effect of maternal obesity on preimplantation embryos. As previously shown, maternal obesity retards early embryonic development in vivo and increases the incidence of apoptosis in blastocysts. When two-cell embryos isolated from control and obese mice were transferred to identical (leptin free) conditions in vitro, no differences in any growth or quality parameters were recorded, including apoptosis incidence in blastocysts. Embryos isolated from control mice responded to transfer to environments with a high concentration of leptin (10 ng/mL) with a significant increase in arrest at the first or subsequent cell cycle. However, the majority of non-arrested embryos developed into blastocysts, showing morphology comparable to those cultured in the leptin-free group. On the other hand, the exposure of embryos isolated from obese mice to high leptin concentration in vitro did not retard their development. Furthermore, these embryos developed into blastocysts, showing a lower incidence of apoptosis. In vivo-developed blastocysts recovered from obese mice showed elevated expression levels of the proapoptotic gene BAX and the insulin-responsive glucose transporter gene SLC2A4. In conclusion, elevated leptin levels have both positive and negative effects on preimplantation embryo development in vitro, a response that likely depends on the body condition of the embryo donor. Moreover, these results suggest that leptin acts as a survival factor rather than an apoptotic inductor in embryonic cells. Since no elevations in the expression of the leptin receptor gene (LEPR) or fat metabolism-associated genes (PLIN2, SLC27A4) were recorded in blastocysts recovered from obese mice, the role of leptin in mediating the effects of obesity on embryos at the peripheral level is likely lower than expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Kšiňanová
- Institute of Animal Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Štefan Čikoš
- Institute of Animal Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Janka Babel’ová
- Institute of Animal Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Šefčíková
- Institute of Animal Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Alexandra Špirková
- Institute of Animal Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Juraj Koppel
- Institute of Animal Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Dušan Fabian
- Institute of Animal Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovakia
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Akash MSH, Rehman K, Liaqat A. Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha: Role in Development of Insulin Resistance and Pathogenesis of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. J Cell Biochem 2017; 119:105-110. [PMID: 28569437 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 330] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and development of insulin resistance are characterized by multi-stimuli factors notably glucolipotoxicity, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), epigenetic factors, activation of various transcriptional mediated pathways along with the augmented levels of various pro-inflammatory cytokines. Among the various pro-inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) is one the most important pro-inflammatory mediator that is critically involved in the development of insulin resistance and pathogenesis of T2DM. TNF-α is mainly produced in adipocytes and/or peripheral tissues, and induces tissue-specific inflammation through the involvement of generation of ROS and activation of various transcriptional mediated pathways. The raised level of TNF-α induces insulin resistance in adipocytes and peripheral tissues by impairing the insulin signaling through serine phosphorylation that leads to the development of T2DM. Anti-TNF-α treatment strategies have been developed to reduce the incidence of insulin resistance and development of T2DM. In this article, we have briefly described how TNF-α plays crucial role to induce insulin resistance and pathogenesis of T2DM. To block the inflammatory responses by blocking TNF-α and TNF-α signaling may be an effective strategy for the treatment of insulin resistance and T2DM. J. Cell. Biochem. 119: 105-110, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kanwal Rehman
- Institute of Pharmacy, Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Aamira Liaqat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan.,Department of Biochemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor Inhibits Apoptosis and Promotes Proliferation of Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Isolated from Patients with Type 2 Diabetes by Reducing Cellular Oxidative Stress. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:3027109. [PMID: 28168007 PMCID: PMC5267085 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3027109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a chronic metabolic disorder affecting increasing number of people in developed countries. Therefore new strategies for treatment of T2D and its complications are of special interest. Nowadays, cellular therapies involving mesenchymal stromal cells that reside in adipose tissue (ASCs) constitute a promising approach; however, there are still many obstacles concerning safety and effectiveness that need to be overcome before ASCs could be engaged for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. One of the challenges is preventing ASCs from deterioration caused by elevated oxidative stress present in diabetes milieu. In the current study we investigated the effect of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) treatment on ASCs isolated from patients with diagnosed T2D. We demonstrate here that cell exposition to bFGF in 5 and 10 ng/mL dosages results in improved morphology, increased proliferative activity, reduced cellular senescence and apoptosis, and decreased oxidative stress, indicating recovery of ASCs' function impaired by T2D. Therefore our results provide a support for bFGF as a potential therapeutic agent for improving stem cell-based approaches for the treatment of diabetes mellitus and its complications.
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Das PN, Kumar A, Bairagi N, Chatterjee S. Restoring calcium homeostasis in diabetic cardiomyocytes: an investigation through mathematical modelling. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2017; 13:2056-2068. [PMID: 28795720 DOI: 10.1039/c7mb00264e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Regulated calcium flux from sarcoplasmic reticulum could be a possible therapeutic strategy in diabetic cardiomyocyte problem.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Drug Discovery Research Center
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute
- Faridabad-121001
- India
| | | | - Samrat Chatterjee
- Drug Discovery Research Center
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute
- Faridabad-121001
- India
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Esteves JV, Enguita FJ, Machado UF. MicroRNAs-Mediated Regulation of Skeletal Muscle GLUT4 Expression and Translocation in Insulin Resistance. J Diabetes Res 2017; 2017:7267910. [PMID: 28428964 PMCID: PMC5385897 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7267910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The solute carrier family 2 facilitated glucose transporter member 4 (GLUT4) plays a key role in the insulin-induced glucose uptake by muscle and adipose tissues. In prediabetes and diabetes, GLUT4 expression/translocation has been detected as reduced, participating in mechanisms that impair glycemic control. Recently, a class of short endogenous noncoding RNAs named microRNAs (miRNAs) has been increasingly described as involved in the posttranscriptional epigenetic regulation of gene expression. The present review focuses on miRNAs potentially involved in the expression of GLUT4 expression, and proteins related to GLUT4 and translocation in skeletal muscle, seeking to correlate them with insulin resistance and diabetes. So far, miR-21a-5p, miR-29a-3p, miR-29c-3p, miR-93-5p, miR-106b-5p, miR-133a-3p, miR-133b-3p, miR-222-3p, and miR-223-3p have been reported to directly and/or indirectly regulate the GLUT4 expression; and their expression is altered under diabetes-related conditions. Besides, some miRNAs that have been linked to the expression of proteins involved in GLUT4 translocation machinery in muscle could also impact glucose uptake. That makes these miRNAs promising targets for preventive and/or therapeutic approaches, which could improve glycemic control, thus deserving future new investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Victor Esteves
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Francisco Javier Enguita
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ubiratan Fabres Machado
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- *Ubiratan Fabres Machado:
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Baldissera G, Sperotto NDM, Rosa HT, Henn JG, Peres VF, Moura DJ, Roehrs R, Denardin ELG, Dal Lago P, Nunes RB, Saffi J. Effects of crude hydroalcoholic extract of Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels leaves and continuous aerobic training in rats with diabetes induced by a high-fat diet and low doses of streptozotocin. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 194:1012-1021. [PMID: 27794509 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.10.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The leaves of Syzygium cumini (L.) or Skeels (Myrtaceae) are widely used in Brazilian folk medicine to treat diabetes. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study evaluated the functional capacity, biochemical parameters, oxidative stress and DNA damage from eight weeks of intervention with a crude hydroalcoholic extract of S. cumini leaves (EBH) and continuous aerobic training (TAC) in diabetic (D) rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS A hydroalcoholic (50%) extract was prepared by ultrasound and phytochemical parameters (total phenols, total tannins and myricetin content) were analyzed. Thirty-seven male Wistar rats were divided into five groups: normoglycemic controls (CONT), diabetic controls (D-CONT), diabetics treated with extract (D+EBH), trained diabetic (D+TAC) and diabetics treated with extract and trained (D+EBH+TAC). Functional capacity was assessed with a maximum exercise capacity test; biochemical parameters with enzymatic kits; oxidative stress by superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and oxidized dichlorofluorescein (DCF), and the DNA damage by the comet assay. RESULTS The D+TAC and D+EBH+TAC groups showed better functional capacity at the end of interventions. The D+EBH group showed glucose and triglyceride reduction, lowest DNA damage index in the blood, liver, kidney, heart, lung and gastrocnemius muscle, improved SOD levels in the liver, kidney and lung, improved CAT levels in the kidney and lower lipid peroxidation in all tissues studied, compared to the D-CONT group. The exercise (D+TAC) was effective in reducing triglycerides, improving SOD levels in the lung, reducing lipid peroxidation in all tissues studied and reducing the DCF oxidation in the kidney, in addition to protecting against DNA damage in the blood and heart. However, the additive effect of the intervention protocols when combined (EBH+TAC) was observed only in improving the gastrocnemius SOD levels. The phytochemical analyses showed a high content of phenols and the presence of myricetin glycosides. CONCLUSION The findings in this study suggest a crude hydroalcoholic extract of S. cumini leaves has potential hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic and protective properties acting against oxidative stress and against DNA damage, probably due to its phenols and myricetin glycoside content and the antioxidant properties of these constituents. Moreover, exercise was suggested to have beneficial effects on diabetes, improving functional capacity, ameliorating blood triglyceride control and decreasing lipid peroxidation, but with no effects on ameliorating blood glucose levels. The association of intervention protocols presented an additive effect on the antioxidant SOD activity in the muscle cells of diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Baldissera
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology - UFCSPA, Brazil
| | | | - H T Rosa
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology - UFCSPA, Brazil
| | - J G Henn
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology - UFCSPA, Brazil
| | - V F Peres
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology - UFCSPA, Brazil
| | - D J Moura
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology - UFCSPA, Brazil
| | - R Roehrs
- Laboratory of Physicochemical and Natural Products - Federal University of Pampa, Brazil
| | - E L G Denardin
- Laboratory of Physicochemical and Natural Products - Federal University of Pampa, Brazil
| | - P Dal Lago
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiology - UFCSPA, Brazil
| | - R B Nunes
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiology - UFCSPA, Brazil
| | - J Saffi
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology - UFCSPA, Brazil.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hyperglycemia has been shown to influence fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose ((18)F-FDG) uptake in tumor cells. Therefore, patients are instructed to fast for 6 h, while maintaining serum glucose levels at an acceptable range. The study was performed to evaluate the effect of fasting blood glucose levels on the biodistribution of (18)F-FDG in various tissues including the liver, heart, bone marrow, skeletal muscle, and tumors. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fingerstick fasting blood glucose is routinely measured on the morning of the procedure. The maximum standardized uptake value (SUV(max)) in the right and left hepatic lobes, left ventricle, sacrum, thigh, and tumor was measured in 229 consecutive patients undergoing (18)F-FDG PET/computed tomography for tumor. Patients were divided into three groups depending on their serum glucose levels: low (<100; n = 53), medium (100-160; n = 149), and high (160-201; n = 27). A retrospective analysis of the relationship between glucose levels and standardized uptake value was performed. RESULTS There was a statistically significant increase in the average SUV(max) in the right and left hepatic lobes as glucose levels increased (right lobe P=0.00144; left lobe P = 0.03889). Subsequently, pairwise analysis was performed, revealing a statistically significant increase in SUV(max) in the right hepatic lobe between low-glucose and medium-glucose groups and in both hepatic lobes between low and high groups (P < 0.017). No significant difference was observed in any of the other measured tissues. CONCLUSION This study shows a directly proportional relationship between blood glucose levels and nonpathologic (18)F-FDG biodistribution in the right and left hepatic lobes. The influence of blood glucose on expected biodistribution patterns, particularly in the liver, should be considered during interpretation.
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Arya A, Al-Obaidi MMJ, Karim RB, Taha H, Khan AK, Shahid N, Sayem AS, Looi CY, Mustafa MR, Mohd MA, Ali HM. Extract of Woodfordia fruticosa flowers ameliorates hyperglycemia, oxidative stress and improves β-cell function in streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced diabetic rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 175:229-240. [PMID: 26342523 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.08.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Revised: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The art of Ayurveda and the traditional healing system in India have reflected the ethnomedicinal importance of the plant Woodfordia fruticosa Kurtz, which demonstrates its vast usage in the Ayurvedic preparations as well as in the management of diabetes by the traditional healers. AIMS OF STUDY The study aimed to ascertain the antidiabetic potential of W. fruticosa flower methanolic extract (WF) on Streptozotocin (STZ)-nicotinamide-induced diabetic rat model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Diabetes was induced in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats by STZ-nicotinamide and thereafter diabetic rats were treated with three different doses of WF (100, 200 and 400mg/kg body weight) respectively and glibenclamide as a positive control. Biochemical parameters such as blood glucose, serum insulin and C-peptide levels were measured with oxidative stress markers. Furthermore, histology of liver and pancreas was carried out to evaluate glycogen content and β-cell structures. Moreover, immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis were performed on kidney and pancreas tissues to determine renal Bcl-2, pancreatic insulin and glucose transporter (GLUT-2, 4) protein expression in all the experimental groups. RESULTS The acute toxicity study showed non-toxic nature of all the three doses of WF. Further, studies on diabetic rats exhibited anti-hyperglycemic effects by upregulating serum insulin and C-peptide levels. Similarly, WF shown to ameliorate oxidative stress by downregulating LPO levels and augmenting the antioxidant enzyme (ABTS). Furthermore, histopathological analysis demonstrate recovery in the structural degeneration of β-cells mass of pancreas tissue with increase in the liver glycogen content of the diabetic rats. Interestingly, protective nature of the extract was further revealed by the immunohistochemical study result which displayed upregulation in the insulin and renal Bcl-2 expression, the anti apoptosis protein. Moreover, western blot result have shown slight alteration in the GLUT-2 and GLUT-4 protein expression with the highest dose of WFc treatment, that might have stimulated glucose uptake in the pancreas and played an important role in attenuating the blood glucose levels. CONCLUSION The overall study result have demonstrated the potential of WF in the management of diabetes and its related complications, thus warrants further investigation on its major compounds with in depth mechanistic studies at molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Arya
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Mazen M Jamil Al-Obaidi
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rustini Binti Karim
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hairin Taha
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ataul Karim Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nayiar Shahid
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Abu Sadat Sayem
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chung Yeng Looi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Rais Mustafa
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mustafa Ali Mohd
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hapipah Mohd Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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