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Jung HS, Park YJ, Gu BH, Han G, Ji W, Hwang SM, Kim M. Coumarin derivatives ameliorate the intestinal inflammation and pathogenic gut microbiome changes in the model of infectious colitis through antibacterial activity. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1362773. [PMID: 39081865 PMCID: PMC11287663 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1362773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Coumarin, a phenolic compound, is a secondary metabolite produced by plants such as Tanga and Lime. Coumarin derivatives were prepared via Pechmann condensation. In this study, we performed in vitro and in vivo experiments to determine the antimicrobial and gut immune-regulatory functions of coumarin derivatives. For the in vitro antimicrobial activity assay, coumarin derivatives C1 and C2 were selected based on their pathogen-killing activity against various pathogenic microbes. We further demonstrated that the selected coumarin derivatives disrupted bacterial cell membranes. Next, we examined the regulatory function of the coumarin derivatives in gut inflammation using an infectious colitis model. In an in vivo infectious colitis model, administration of selected C1 coumarin derivatives reduced pathogen loads, the number of inflammatory immune cells (Th1 cells and Th17 cells), and inflammatory cytokine levels (IL-6 and IL-1b) in the intestinal tissue after pathogen infection. In addition, we found that the administration of C1 coumarin derivatives minimized abnormal gut microbiome shift-driven pathogen infection. Potential pathogenic gut microbes, such as Enterobacteriaceae and Staphylococcaceae, were increased by pathogen infection. However, this pathogenic microbial expansion was minimized and beneficial bacteria, such as Ligilactobacillus and Limosilactobacillus, increased with C1 coumarin derivative treatment. Functional gene enrichment assessment revealed that the relative abundance of genes associated with lipid and nucleotide metabolism was reduced by pathogen infection; however, this phenomenon was not observed in C1 coumarin derivative-treated animals. Collectively, our data suggest that C1 coumarin derivative is effective antibacterial agents that minimize pathogen-induced gut inflammation and abnormal gut microbiome modulation through their antibacterial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-su Jung
- Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resource & Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang, Republic of Korea
| | - Yei Ju Park
- R & D Center, EyeGene, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Bon-Hee Gu
- Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Republic of Korea
| | - Goeun Han
- Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resource & Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang, Republic of Korea
- Future Earth Research Institute, PNU JYS Science Academy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Woonhak Ji
- Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resource & Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang, Republic of Korea
| | - Su mi Hwang
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health and Medical Science, Sangji University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Myunghoo Kim
- Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resource & Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang, Republic of Korea
- Future Earth Research Institute, PNU JYS Science Academy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
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2
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Shankar J, Thakur R, Clemons KV, Stevens DA. Interplay of Cytokines and Chemokines in Aspergillosis. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:251. [PMID: 38667922 PMCID: PMC11051073 DOI: 10.3390/jof10040251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Aspergillosis is a fungal infection caused by various species of Aspergillus, most notably A. fumigatus. This fungus causes a spectrum of diseases, including allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, aspergilloma, chronic pulmonary aspergillosis, and invasive aspergillosis. The clinical manifestations and severity of aspergillosis can vary depending on individual immune status and the specific species of Aspergillus involved. The recognition of Aspergillus involves pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) such as glucan, galactomannan, mannose, and conidial surface proteins. These are recognized by the pathogen recognition receptors present on immune cells such as Toll-like receptors (TLR-1,2,3,4, etc.) and C-type lectins (Dectin-1 and Dectin-2). We discuss the roles of cytokines and pathogen recognition in aspergillosis from both the perspective of human and experimental infection. Several cytokines and chemokines have been implicated in the immune response to Aspergillus infection, including interferon-γ (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), CCR4, CCR17, and other interleukins. For example, allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) is characterized by Th2 and Th9 cell-type immunity and involves interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-13, and IL-10. In contrast, it has been observed that invasive aspergillosis involves Th1 and Th17 cell-type immunity via IFN-γ, IL-1, IL-6, and IL-17. These cytokines activate various immune cells and stimulate the production of other immune molecules, such as antimicrobial peptides and reactive oxygen species, which aid in the clearance of the fungal pathogen. Moreover, they help to initiate and coordinate the immune response, recruit immune cells to the site of infection, and promote clearance of the fungus. Insight into the host response from both human and animal studies may aid in understanding the immune response in aspergillosis, possibly leading to harnessing the power of cytokines or cytokine (receptor) antagonists and transforming them into precise immunotherapeutic strategies. This could advance personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jata Shankar
- Genomic Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat Solan 173234, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Raman Thakur
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar 144001, Punjab, India;
| | - Karl V. Clemons
- California Institute for Medical Research, San Jose, CA 95128, USA; (K.V.C.); (D.A.S.)
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University Medical School, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - David A. Stevens
- California Institute for Medical Research, San Jose, CA 95128, USA; (K.V.C.); (D.A.S.)
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University Medical School, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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3
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Wang X, Li T, Zhou L, Tu F, Rui X, Xu Z, Liu J, Cao F. Adult zebrafish infected by clinically isolated Klebsiella pneumoniae with different virulence showed increased intestinal inflammation and disturbed intestinal microbial biodiversity. BMC Infect Dis 2023; 23:899. [PMID: 38129788 PMCID: PMC10740243 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08766-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Klebsiella pneumoniae is a pathogen that often infects patients in clinical practice. Due to its high virulent and drug resistance, infected patients are difficult to treat. In clinical practice, Klebsiella pneumoniae can infect patients' intestines, intestines, blood, etc., causing pathological changes. However, there is relatively little information on the impact of Klebsiella pneumoniae on intestinal inflammation and microbial populations. Zebrafish is an excellent biomedical model that has been successfully applied to the virulence assessment of Klebsiella pneumoniae. METHODS In this study, three clinically isolated representative strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae (high virulence non-resistant, high virulence resistant, and low virulence resistant) were used to infect zebrafish, and their effects on intestinal colonization, inflammation, pathology, and microbial diversity were tested. RESULTS Enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) showed that Klebsiella pneumoniae significantly increased levels of the cytokines interleukin-1α (Il-1α), interleukin-1β (Il-1β), and tumor necrosis factor-α (Tnf-α), which increased inflammatory symptoms. Hematoxylin eosin staining(H&S) showed that Klebsiella pneumoniae treatment caused intestinal lesions in zebrafish, in which KP1053 exposure significantly decreased the number of goblet cells, KP1195 caused epithelial dissolution and exfoliation. In addition, Klebsiella pneumoniae disturbed the composition of intestinal microbiota, and the Shannon index increased, which increased the number of harmful bacteria. CONCLUSIONS Klebsiella pneumoniae infection can lead to intestinal colonization, inflammation, pathological changes, and changes in microbial biodiversity. This study provides a reference for the intestinal pathology of clinical Klebsiella pneumoniae infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Wuxi Fifth Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214005, China
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wuxi No.8 People's Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214005, China
| | - Lu Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Fan Tu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Wuxi Fifth Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214005, China
| | - Xiaohong Rui
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Wuxi Fifth Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214005, China
| | - Ze Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214005, China.
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Wuxi Fifth Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214005, China.
| | - Futao Cao
- Emergency Department, Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214000, China.
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4
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Alizadeh Z, Omidnia P, Altalbawy FMA, Gabr GA, Obaid RF, Rostami N, Aslani S, Heidari A, Mohammadi H. Unraveling the role of natural killer cells in leishmaniasis. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 114:109596. [PMID: 36700775 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
NK cells are known as frontline responders that are efficient in combating several maladies as well as leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania spp. As such they are being investigated to be used for adoptive transfer therapy and vaccine. In spite of the lack of antigen-specific receptors at their surface, NK cells can selectively recognize pathogens, accomplished by the activation of the receptors on the NK cell surface and also as the result of their effector functions. Activation of NK cells can occur through interaction between TLR-2 expressed on NK cells and. LPG of Leishmania parasites. In addition, NK cell activation can occur by cytokines (e.g., IFN-γ and IL-12) that also lead to producing cytokines and chemokines and lysis of target cells. This review summarizes several evidences that support NK cells activation for controlling leishmaniasis and the potentially lucrative roles of NK cells during leishmaniasis. Furthermore, we discuss strategies of Leishmania parasites in inhibiting NK cell functions. Leishmania LPG can utilizes TLR2 to evade host-immune responses. Also, Leishmania GP63 can directly binds to NK cells and modulates NK cell phenotype. Finally, this review analyzes the potentialities to harness NK cells effectiveness in therapy regimens and vaccinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Alizadeh
- Department of Parasitology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Farag M A Altalbawy
- National Institute of Laser Enhanced Sciences (NILES), University of Cairo, Giza 12613, Egypt; Department of Chemistry, University College of Duba, University of Tabuk, Duba 71911, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gamal A Gabr
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; Agricultural Genetic Engineering Research Institute (AGERI), Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Rasha Fadhel Obaid
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Iraq
| | - Narges Rostami
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saeed Aslani
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aliehsan Heidari
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Hamed Mohammadi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
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5
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Cuenca-Verde C, Muñoz-Guzmán MA, Del Rio-Araiza VH, Valdivia-Anda G, Olguín JE, Terrazas LI, Morales-Montor J, Alba-Hurtado F. Taenia hydatigena larvae vesicular concentrates increase Anti-OVA IgG and the production of some cytokines in rats. Exp Parasitol 2022; 242:108400. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2022.108400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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6
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Mitoma S, Carr BV, Harvey Y, Moffat K, Sekiguchi S, Charleston B, Norimine J, Seago J. The detection of long-lasting memory foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus serotype O-specific CD4 + T cells from FMD-vaccinated cattle by bovine major histocompatibility complex class II tetramer. Immunology 2021; 164:266-278. [PMID: 34003490 PMCID: PMC8442236 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Foot‐and‐mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious, economically devastating disease of cloven‐hooved animals. The development of long‐lasting effective FMD vaccines would greatly benefit the global FMD control programme. Deep analysis of adaptive immunity in cattle vaccinated against FMD is technically challenging due to the lack of species‐specific tools. In this study, we aimed to identify CD4+ T‐cell epitopes in the FMD virus (FMDV) capsid and to phenotype the CD4+ T cells that recognize them using bovine major histocompatibility complex (BoLA) class II tetramer. A BoLA class II tetramer based on the DRA/DRB3*020:02 allele and FMDV antigen‐stimulated PBMCs from bovine vaccinates were used to successfully identify four epitopes in the FMDV capsid, three of which have not been previously reported; two epitopes were identified in the structural protein VP1, one in VP3 and one in VP4. Specificity of the three novel epitopes was confirmed by proliferation assay. All epitope‐expanded T‐cell populations produced IFN‐γ in vitro, indicating a long‐lasting Th1 cell phenotype after FMD vaccination. VP3‐specific CD4+ T cells exhibited the highest frequency amongst the identified epitopes, comprising >0·004% of the CD4+ T‐cell population. CD45RO+CCR7+ defined central memory CD4+ T‐cell subpopulations were present in higher frequency in FMDV‐specific CD4+ T‐cell populations from FMD‐vaccinated cattle ex vivo. This indicates an important role in maintaining cell adaptive immunity after FMD vaccination. Notably, FMDV epitope‐loaded tetramers detected the presence of FMDV‐specific CD4+ T cells in bovine PBMC more than four years after vaccination. This work contributes to our understanding of vaccine efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuya Mitoma
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Satoshi Sekiguchi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | | | - Junzo Norimine
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
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7
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Puerta-Arias JD, Mejía SP, González Á. The Role of the Interleukin-17 Axis and Neutrophils in the Pathogenesis of Endemic and Systemic Mycoses. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:595301. [PMID: 33425780 PMCID: PMC7793882 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.595301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic and endemic mycoses are considered life-threatening respiratory diseases which are caused by a group of dimorphic fungal pathogens belonging to the genera Histoplasma, Coccidioides, Blastomyces, Paracoccidioides, Talaromyces, and the newly described pathogen Emergomyces. T-cell mediated immunity, mainly T helper (Th)1 and Th17 responses, are essential for protection against these dimorphic fungi; thus, IL-17 production is associated with neutrophil and macrophage recruitment at the site of infection accompanied by chemokines and proinflammatory cytokines production, a mechanism that is mediated by some pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), including Dectin-1, Dectine-2, TLRs, Mannose receptor (MR), Galectin-3 and NLPR3, and the adaptor molecules caspase adaptor recruitment domain family member 9 (Card9), and myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88). However, these PRRs play distinctly different roles for each pathogen. Furthermore, neutrophils have been confirmed as a source of IL-17, and different neutrophil subsets and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have also been described as participating in the inflammatory process in these fungal infections. However, both the Th17/IL-17 axis and neutrophils appear to play different roles, being beneficial mediating fungal controls or detrimental promoting disease pathologies depending on the fungal agent. This review will focus on highlighting the role of the IL-17 axis and neutrophils in the main endemic and systemic mycoses: histoplasmosis, coccidioidomycosis, blastomycosis, and paracoccidioidomycosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan David Puerta-Arias
- Medical and Experimental Mycology Group, Corporación para Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB), Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.,School of Health Sciences, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Susana P Mejía
- Medical and Experimental Mycology Group, Corporación para Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB), Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.,Max Planck Tandem Group in Nanobioengineering, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Ángel González
- Basic and Applied Microbiology Research Group (MICROBA), School of Microbiology, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
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8
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Characterization of the IL-17 and CD4+ Th17 Cells in the Clinical Course of Dengue Virus Infections. Viruses 2020; 12:v12121435. [PMID: 33322218 PMCID: PMC7763078 DOI: 10.3390/v12121435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The aims of this study were to determine the involvement of interleukin 17 (IL-17) and IL-17-producing cells in dengue pathogenesis. Blood samples from dengue virus (DENV)-infected patients were collected on different days after the onset of symptoms. Patients were classified according to 1997 World Health Organization guidelines. Our study examined 152 blood samples from dengue fever (DF, n = 109) and dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF, n = 43) patients and 90 blood samples from healthy controls (HC). High serum concentrations of IL-17A and IL-22 were also associated with DHF (IL-17A [DHF vs. DF, p < 0.01; DHF vs. HC, p < 0.0001]; IL-22 [DHF vs. DF, p < 0.05; DHF vs. HC, p < 0.0001]). Moreover, there was a positive correlation between serum levels of IL-17A and IL-23, a key cytokine that promotes IL-17-based immune responses (r = 0.4089, p < 0.0001). Consistent with the IL-17-biased immune response in DHF patients, we performed ex vivo activation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from DHF patients and flow cytometry analysis showed a robust IL-17-biased immune response, characterized by a high frequency of CD4+IL-17+ producing cells. Our results suggests IL-17-producing cells and their related cytokines can play a prominent role in this viral disease.
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9
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Meguro A, Ishihara M, Petrek M, Yamamoto K, Takeuchi M, Mrazek F, Kolek V, Benicka A, Yamane T, Shibuya E, Yoshino A, Isomoto A, Ota M, Yatsu K, Shijubo N, Nagai S, Yamaguchi E, Yamaguchi T, Namba K, Kaburaki T, Takase H, Morimoto SI, Hori J, Kono K, Goto H, Suda T, Ikushima S, Ando Y, Takenaka S, Takeuchi M, Yuasa T, Sugisaki K, Ohguro N, Hiraoka M, Kitaichi N, Sugiyama Y, Horita N, Asukata Y, Kawagoe T, Kimura I, Ishido M, Inoko H, Mochizuki M, Ohno S, Bahram S, Remmers EF, Kastner DL, Mizuki N. Genetic control of CCL24, POR, and IL23R contributes to the pathogenesis of sarcoidosis. Commun Biol 2020; 3:465. [PMID: 32826979 PMCID: PMC7442816 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01185-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcoidosis is a genetically complex systemic inflammatory disease that affects multiple organs. We present a GWAS of a Japanese cohort (700 sarcoidosis cases and 886 controls) with replication in independent samples from Japan (931 cases and 1,042 controls) and the Czech Republic (265 cases and 264 controls). We identified three loci outside the HLA complex, CCL24, STYXL1-SRRM3, and C1orf141-IL23R, which showed genome-wide significant associations (P < 5.0 × 10−8) with sarcoidosis; CCL24 and STYXL1-SRRM3 were novel. The disease-risk alleles in CCL24 and IL23R were associated with reduced CCL24 and IL23R expression, respectively. The disease-risk allele in STYXL1-SRRM3 was associated with elevated POR expression. These results suggest that genetic control of CCL24, POR, and IL23R expression contribute to the pathogenesis of sarcoidosis. We speculate that the CCL24 risk allele might be involved in a polarized Th1 response in sarcoidosis, and that POR and IL23R risk alleles may lead to diminished host defense against sarcoidosis pathogens. Akira Meguro et al. report a genome-wide association study for sarcoidosis—a systemic inflammatory disease—in the Japanese population. They identify 3 non-HLA loci with genome-wide significance, 2 of which have not been previously associated with sarcoidosis in any population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Meguro
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Mami Ishihara
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Martin Petrek
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Hnevotinska Str., 77515, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ken Yamamoto
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahimachi, Kurume, Fukuoka, 830-0011, Japan.,Division of Genome Analysis, Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Masaki Takeuchi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan.,Inflammatory Disease Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, 10 CRC East/B2-5235, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1849, USA
| | - Frantisek Mrazek
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, I.P.Pavlova Str. 6, 77520, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Vitezslav Kolek
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, I. P. Pavlova Str. 6, 77900, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Alzbeta Benicka
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Hnevotinska Str., 77515, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Takahiro Yamane
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Etsuko Shibuya
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Atsushi Yoshino
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Akiko Isomoto
- Division of Genome Analysis, Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Masao Ota
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan.,Division of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan.,INSERM Franco-Japanese "Laboratoire International Associé" (LIA) Nextgen HLA Laboratory, Strasbourg, France.,INSERM Franco-Japanese "Laboratoire International Associé" (LIA) Nextgen HLA Laboratory, Nagano, Japan
| | - Keisuke Yatsu
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Noriharu Shijubo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Japan Railway Sapporo Hospital, Higashi-1, Kita-3, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 060-0033, Japan
| | - Sonoko Nagai
- Kyoto Central Clinic/Clinical Research Center, 56-58 Masuyacho Sanjo-Takakura, Nakagyo-ku, Kyoto, 604-8111, Japan
| | - Etsuro Yamaguchi
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Aichi Medical University, 21 Karimata, Yazako, Nagakute-cho, Aichi-gun, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Yamaguchi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Japan Railway Tokyo General Hospital, 2-1-3 Yoyogi, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, 151-0053, Japan
| | - Kenichi Namba
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, N15, W7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Toshikatsu Kaburaki
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tokyo School of Medicine, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takase
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Morimoto
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukakecho, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Junko Hori
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8602, Japan
| | - Keiko Kono
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kono Medical Clinic, 3-30-28 Soshigaya, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 157-0072, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Goto
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan
| | - Takafumi Suda
- Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, 431-3192, Japan
| | - Soichiro Ikushima
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Japanese Red Cross Medical Centre, 4-1-22 Hiroo, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, 150-8953, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Ando
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kitasato Institute Hospital, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8642, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-0016, Japan
| | - Shinobu Takenaka
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Kumamoto City Hospital, 1-1-60 Kotoh, Kumamoto, Kumamoto, 862-8505, Japan
| | - Masaru Takeuchi
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
| | - Takenosuke Yuasa
- Yuasa Eye Clinic, 3-1-1 Nishimoto-cho, Nishi-ku, Osaka, 550-0005, Japan
| | - Katsunori Sugisaki
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Hospital Organization Nishibeppu National Hospital, 4548 Oaza-Tsurumi, Beppu, Oita, 874-0840, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Ohguro
- Department of Ophthalmology, Japan Community Health care Organization Osaka Hospital, 4-2-78 Fukushima, Fukushima-ku, Osaka, 553-0003, Japan
| | - Miki Hiraoka
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, S1 W16 Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8543, Japan
| | - Nobuyoshi Kitaichi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, N15, W7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8638, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ainosato 2-5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 002-8072, Japan
| | - Yukihiko Sugiyama
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Horita
- Inflammatory Disease Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, 10 CRC East/B2-5235, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1849, USA.,Department of Pulmonology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Yuri Asukata
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Tatsukata Kawagoe
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Ikuko Kimura
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Mizuho Ishido
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Inoko
- INSERM Franco-Japanese "Laboratoire International Associé" (LIA) Nextgen HLA Laboratory, Strasbourg, France.,INSERM Franco-Japanese "Laboratoire International Associé" (LIA) Nextgen HLA Laboratory, Nagano, Japan.,Department of Molecular Life Science, Division of Molecular Medical Science and Molecular Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan
| | - Manabu Mochizuki
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Shigeaki Ohno
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, N15, W7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8638, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ainosato 2-5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 002-8072, Japan
| | - Seiamak Bahram
- INSERM Franco-Japanese "Laboratoire International Associé" (LIA) Nextgen HLA Laboratory, Strasbourg, France.,INSERM Franco-Japanese "Laboratoire International Associé" (LIA) Nextgen HLA Laboratory, Nagano, Japan.,Plateforme GENOMAX, Laboratoire d'ImmunoRhumatologie Moléculaire, INSERM UMR_S1109, LabEx Transplantex, Centre de Recherche d'Immunologie et d'Hématologie. Faculté de Médecine, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire (FHU) OMICARE, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Elaine F Remmers
- Inflammatory Disease Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, 10 CRC East/B2-5235, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1849, USA
| | - Daniel L Kastner
- Inflammatory Disease Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, 10 CRC East/B2-5235, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1849, USA
| | - Nobuhisa Mizuki
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan.
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10
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Williams SC, Frew JW, Krueger JG. A systematic review and critical appraisal of metagenomic and culture studies in hidradenitis suppurativa. Exp Dermatol 2020; 30:1388-1397. [PMID: 32614993 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS), also known as acne inversa, is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with still largely unknown pathogenesis. While infectious organisms have been identified in lesions of the disease since the 1980s, questions remain over the role that bacteria and microbiome play. Recent studies using 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing and larger culture-based studies have begun to paint a clearer picture of the microbial world of HS. With this systematic review, we summarize all the work that has been done to date in HS bacteriology, analyse potential pitfalls and limitations of the current studies, and address future directions of investigation. This systematic review attempted to collate and analyse all bacteriology studies done to date. This review was prospectively registered with PROSPERO (1670769) performed in line with the PRISMA checklist. Twenty two studies were identified comprising 862 individual HS patients for culture studies and 206 HS patients for 16S rRNA gene sequencing studies. Methodology tended to be varied, with different sampling, culturing and sequencing methods as well as amount of analysis and stratification of patients. Bacteria identified as elevated in HS lesions in sequencing studies as well as grown from HS lesions in culture studies are identified and discussed. These primarily included the anerobic Gram-negative bacilli Prevotella, Porphyromonas and Fusibacterium, the Gram-positive bacilli Corynebacterium, and the Gram-positive cocci Staphylococcus, Streptococcus and Parvimonas. Potential interactions, as well as work in other disease models with related bacteria are also discussed. Areas of further investigation include in vitro studies of interactions between bacteria and keratinocytes, gut and oral microbiome studies and deep sequencing studies for virulence and phage factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel C Williams
- Laboratory of Investigative Dermatology, Rockefeller University, New York, New York.,Weill Cornell/Rockefeller/Sloan Kettering Tri-Institutional MD-PhD Program, Weill Cornell Medical School, New York, New York
| | - John W Frew
- Laboratory of Investigative Dermatology, Rockefeller University, New York, New York
| | - James G Krueger
- Laboratory of Investigative Dermatology, Rockefeller University, New York, New York
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11
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Araujo Flores GV, Sandoval Pacheco CM, Sosa Ochoa WH, Gomes CMC, Zúniga C, Corbett CP, Laurenti MD. Th17 lymphocytes in atypical cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania (L.) infantum chagasi in Central America. Parasite Immunol 2020; 42:e12772. [PMID: 32603482 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Skin lesions in nonulcerated cutaneous leishmaniasis (NUCL) caused by Leishmania (L.) infantum chagasi are characterized by a mononuclear inflammatory infiltrate in the dermis, which is composed mainly of lymphocytes, followed by macrophages, few plasma cells and epithelioid granulomas with mild tissue parasitism. Previous studies have shown that the main population of lymphocytes present in the dermal infiltrate is CD8+ T cells, followed by CD4+ T cells, which are correlated with IFN-γ+ cells. To improve the knowledge of cellular immune responses in NUCL, skin biopsies were submitted to immunohistochemistry using anti-ROR-γt, anti-IL-17, anti-IL-6, anti-TGF-β, and anti-IL-23 antibodies to characterize the involvement of Th17 cells in the skin lesions of patients affected by NUCL. ROR-γt+ , IL-17+ , IL-6+ , TGF-β+ and IL-23+ cells were observed in the dermal inflammatory infiltrate of NUCL skin lesions. A positive correlation between CD4+ T-lymphocytes and ROR-γt+ and IL-17+ cells suggests that some of the CD4+ T-lymphocytes in NUCL could be Th17 lymphocytes. Moreover, a positive correlation between ROR-γt+ cells and TGF-β+ , IL-6+ , IL-17+ and IL-23+ cells could indicate the role of these cytokines in the differentiation and maintenance of Th17 lymphocytes. Our findings improve knowledge of the pathogenesis of this rare and atypical clinical form of leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wilfredo Humberto Sosa Ochoa
- Laboratory of Pathology of Infectious Diseases, Medical School, São Paulo University, São Paulo, Brazil.,Microbiology Research Institute, National Autonomous University of Honduras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras
| | | | - Concepción Zúniga
- Health Surveillance Department, University School Hospital, Tegucigalpa, Honduras
| | - Carlos P Corbett
- Laboratory of Pathology of Infectious Diseases, Medical School, São Paulo University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcia Dalastra Laurenti
- Laboratory of Pathology of Infectious Diseases, Medical School, São Paulo University, São Paulo, Brazil
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12
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Zhao Y, Liu X, Sato H, Zhang Q, Li A, Zhang J. RNA-seq analysis of local tissue of Carassius auratus gibelio with pharyngeal myxobolosis: Insights into the pharyngeal mucosal immune response in a fish-parasite dialogue. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 94:99-112. [PMID: 31476388 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.08.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The lack of practical control measures for pharyngeal myxobolosis is becoming an important limiting factor for the sustainable development of the gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio) culture industry in China. Myxobolus honghuensis has been identified as the causative agent of this pandemic disease, which exclusively infects the pharynx of gibel carp, a potential important mucosal lymphoid-associated tissue (MLAT). Myxozoa generally initiate invasion through the mucosal tissues of fish, where some of them also complete their sporogonial stages. However, the pharynx-associated immune responses of teleost against myxosporeans infection remain unknown. Here, a de novo transcriptome assembly of the pharynx of gibel carp naturally infected with M. honghuensis was performed for the first time, using RNA-seq. Comparative analysis of severely infected and mildly infected pharyngeal tissues (SI group and MI group) from the same fish individuals and control pharyngeal tissues (C group) from the uninfected fish was carried out to investigate the potential mucosal immune function of the fish pharynx, and characterize the panoramic picture of pharynx local mucosal immune responses of gibel carp against the M. honghuensis infection. A total of 242,341 unigenes were obtained and pairwise comparison resulted in 13,009 differentially-expressed genes (DEGs) in the SI/C group comparison, 6014 DEGs in the MI/C group comparison, and 9031 DEGs in the SI/MI group comparison. Comprehensive analysis showed that M. honghuensis infection elicited a significant parasite load-dependent alteration of the expression of numerous innate and adaptive immune-related genes in the local lesion tissue. Innate immune molecules, including mucins, toll-like receptors, C-type lectin, serum amyloid A, cathepsins and complement components were significantly up-regulated in the SI group compared with the C group. Up-regulation of genes involved in apoptosis signaling pathway and the IFN-mediated immune system were found in the SI group, suggesting these two pathways played a crucial role in innate immune response to M. honghuensis infection. Up-regulation of chemokines and chemokine receptors and the induction of the leukocyte trans-endothelial migration pathways in the severely and mildly infected pharynx suggested that many leucocytes were recruited to the local infected sites to mount a strong mucosal immune responses against the myxosporean infection. Up-regulation of CD3D, CD22, CD276, IL4/13A, GATA3, arginase 2, IgM, IgT and pIgR transcripts provided strong evidences for the presence of T/B cells and specific mucosal immune responses at local sites with M. honghuensis infection. Our results firstly demonstrated the mucosal function of the teleost pharynx and provided evidences of intensive local immune defense responses against this mucosa-infecting myxosporean in the gibel carp pharynx. Pharyngeal myxobolosis was shaped by a prevailing anti-inflammatory response pattern during the advanced infection stages. Further understanding of the functional roles of fish immune molecules involved in the initial invasion and/or final sporogony site may facilitate future development of control strategies for this myxobolosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanli Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Diseases Control, Ministry of Agriculture and State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuhua Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hiroshi Sato
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Diseases Control, Ministry of Agriculture and State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Aihua Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Diseases Control, Ministry of Agriculture and State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinyong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Diseases Control, Ministry of Agriculture and State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Laboratory of Parasitology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan.
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13
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Zhang W, Zi M, Sun L, Wang F, Chen S, Zhao Y, Liang S, Hu J, Liu S, Liu L, Zhan Y, Lew AM, Xu Y. Cystatin C regulates major histocompatibility complex-II-peptide presentation and extracellular signal-regulated kinase-dependent polarizing cytokine production by bone marrow-derived dendritic cells. Immunol Cell Biol 2019; 97:916-930. [PMID: 31513306 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cystatin C is a ubiquitously expressed cysteine protease inhibitor that protects cells from either improper hydrolysis by endogenous proteases or pathogen growth/virulence by exogenous proteases. Although commonly used as a serum biomarker for evaluating renal function, cystatin C is associated with many immunological disorders under various pathophysiological conditions. How cystatin C affects immune cells, especially dendritic cells (DCs), however, is far from clear. In this study, we found that pharmacological treatment with or genetic overexpression of cystatin C in bone marrow-derived DCs (BMDCs) reduced their capacity to stimulate CD4+ T-cell proliferation, despite increased antigen uptake. This reduced capacity corresponded with reduced major histocompatibility complex-II presentation owing to diminished levels of the chaperon H2-DM in BMDCs. Instead of promoting proliferation, cystatin C promoted skewing of T cells toward proinflammatory T-helper (Th)1/Th17 differentiation. This was mediated by augmented extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation in BMDCs, leading to secretion of polarizing cytokines, which in turn led to the Th deviation. Collectively, our study explained the cellular and molecular basis of how this protease inhibitor can regulate immune responses, namely by affecting BMDCs and their cytokine pathway. Our results might open up an avenue for the development of therapeutic agents for the treatment of cystatin C-related immunological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Zhang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, College of Life Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, China
| | - Mengting Zi
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, College of Life Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, China
| | - Li Sun
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, College of Life Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, China
| | - Fengge Wang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, College of Life Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, China
| | - Shun Chen
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, College of Life Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, China
| | - Yanfang Zhao
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, College of Life Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, China
| | - Shuangchao Liang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241000, China
| | - Jiqiong Hu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241000, China
| | - Shan Liu
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, College of Life Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, College of Life Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, China
| | - Yifan Zhan
- The Walter & Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Andrew M Lew
- The Walter & Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Yuekang Xu
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, College of Life Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, China
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14
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Krzysiek-Maczka G, Wrobel T, Targosz A, Szczyrk U, Strzalka M, Ptak-Belowska A, Czyz J, Brzozowski T. Helicobacter pylori-activated gastric fibroblasts induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition of gastric epithelial cells in vitro in a TGF-β-dependent manner. Helicobacter 2019; 24:e12653. [PMID: 31411795 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colonization of the gastric mucosa with Helicobacter pylori (Hp) leads to the cascade of pathologic events including local inflammation, gastric ulceration, and adenocarcinoma formation. Paracrine loops between tissue cells and Hp contribute to the formation of gastric cancerous loci; however, the specific mechanisms underlying existence of these loops remain unknown. We determined the phenotypic properties of gastric fibroblasts exposed to Hp (cagA+vacA+) infection and their influence on normal epithelial RGM-1 cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS RGM-1 cells were cultured in the media conditioned with Hp-activated gastric fibroblasts. Their morphology and phenotypical changes associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) were assessed by Nomarski and fluorescence microscopy and Western blot analysis. Motility pattern of RGM-1 cells was examined by time-lapse video microscopy and transwell migration assay. The content of TGF-β in Hp-activated fibroblast-conditioned media was determined by ELISA. RESULTS The supernatant from Hp-activated gastric fibroblasts caused the EMT-like phenotypic diversification of RGM-1 cells. The formation of fibroblastoid cell sub-populations, the disappearance of their collective migration, an increase in transmigration potential with downregulation of E-cadherin and upregulation of N-cadherin proteins, prominent stress fibers, and decreased proliferation were observed. The fibroblast (CAF)-like transition was manifested by increased secretome TGF-β level, α-SMA protein expression, and its incorporation into stress fibers, and the TGF-βR1 kinase inhibitor reduced the rise in Snail, Twist, and E-cadherin mRNA and increased E-cadherin expression induced by CAFs. CONCLUSION Gastric fibroblasts which are one of the main targets for Hp infection contribute to the paracrine interactions between Hp, gastric fibroblasts, and epithelial cells. TGF-β secreted by Hp-activated gastric fibroblasts prompting their differentiation toward CAF-like phenotype promotes the EMT-related phenotypic shifts in normal gastric epithelial cell populations. This mechanism may serve as the prerequisite for GC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gracjana Krzysiek-Maczka
- Department of Physiology, The Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - Tomasz Wrobel
- Department of Cell Biology, The Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland
| | - Aneta Targosz
- Department of Physiology, The Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - Urszula Szczyrk
- Department of Physiology, The Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Strzalka
- Department of Physiology, The Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - Agata Ptak-Belowska
- Department of Physiology, The Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - Jaroslaw Czyz
- Department of Cell Biology, The Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland
| | - Tomasz Brzozowski
- Department of Physiology, The Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
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15
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Mirkov I, Popov Aleksandrov A, Lazovic B, Glamoclija J, Kataranovski M. Usefulness of animal models of aspergillosis in studying immunity against Aspergillus infections. J Mycol Med 2019; 29:84-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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16
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Interleukin-17A Genetic Polymorphisms as a Prognostic Markers for Resistence to Visceral Leishamniasis in the Iranian Population. ARCHIVES OF CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2019. [DOI: 10.5812/archcid.57163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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17
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Navarathna DH, Lionakis MS, Roberts DD. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase limits host immunity to control disseminated Candida albicans infections in mice. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223919. [PMID: 31671151 PMCID: PMC6822743 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Three isoforms of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) occur in mammals. High levels of NO produced by NOS2/iNOS can protect against bacterial and parasitic infections, but the role of NOS in fungal innate immunity is less clear. Compared to wild type mice, Nos3-/- mice showed significantly higher survival of candidemia caused by Candida albicans SC5314. NOS3/eNOS is expressed by endothelial cells in the kidney, and colonization of this organ was decreased during the sub-acute stage of disseminated candidiasis. Nos3-/- mice more rapidly eliminated Candida from the renal cortex and exhibited more balanced local inflammatory reactions, with similar macrophage but less neutrophil infiltration than in infected wild type. Levels of the serum cytokines IL-9, IL-12, IL-17 and chemokines GM-CSF, MIP1α, and MIP1β were significantly elevated, and IL-15 was significantly lower in infected Nos3-/- mice. Spleens of infected Nos3-/- mice had significantly more Th2 and Th9 but not other CD4+ T cells compared with wild type. Inflammatory genes associated with leukocyte chemotaxis, IL-1 signaling, TLR signaling and Th1 and Th2 cell differentiation pathways were significantly overexpressed in infected Nos3-/- kidneys, with Nos2 being the most strongly induced. Conversely, the general NOS inhibitor NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester increased virulence in the mouse candidemia model, suggesting that iNOS contributes to the protective mechanism in infected Nos3-/- mice. By moderating neutrophil infiltration, the absence of eNOS may reduce the collateral damage to kidney cortex, and Th-9 CD4+ cells may enhance clearance of the infection. These data suggest that selective eNOS inhibition could mitigate candidemia by a combination of systemic and local responses that promote a more effective host immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhammika H. Navarathna
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail: (DDR); (DHN)
| | - Michail S. Lionakis
- Fungal Pathogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - David D. Roberts
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail: (DDR); (DHN)
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18
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Krzysiek‐Maczka G, Targosz A, Szczyrk U, Strzałka M, Sliwowski Z, Brzozowski T, Czyz J, Ptak‐Belowska A. Role of Helicobacter pylori infection in cancer-associated fibroblast-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in vitro. Helicobacter 2018; 23:e12538. [PMID: 30246423 PMCID: PMC6282800 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major human gastrointestinal pathogen Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) colonizes the gastric mucosa causing inflammation and severe complications including cancer, but the involvement of fibroblasts in the pathogenesis of these disorders in H. pylori-infected stomach has been little studied. Normal stroma contains few fibroblasts, especially myofibroblasts. Their number rapidly increases in the reactive stroma surrounding inflammatory region and neoplastic tissue; however, the interaction between H. pylori and fibroblasts remains unknown. We determined the effect of coincubation of normal rat gastric fibroblasts with alive H. pylori (cagA+vacA+) and H. pylori (cagA-vacA-) strains on the differentiation of these fibroblasts into cells possessing characteristics of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) able to induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of normal rat gastric epithelial cells (RGM-1). MATERIALS AND METHODS The panel of CAFs markers mRNA was analyzed in H. pylori (cagA+vacA+)-infected fibroblasts by RT-PCR. After insert coculture of differentiated fibroblasts with RGM-1 cells from 24 up to 48, 72, and 96 hours, the mRNA expression for EMT-associated genes was analyzed by RT-PCR. RESULTS The mRNA expression for CAFs markers was significantly increased after 72 hours of infection with H. pylori (cagA+vacA+) but not H. pylori (cagA-vacA-) strain. Following coculture with CAFs, RGM-1 cells showed significant decrease in E-cadherin mRNA, and the parallel increase in the expression of Twist and Snail transcription factors mRNA was observed along with the overexpression of mRNAs for TGFβR, HGFR, FGFR, N-cadherin, vimentin, α-SMA, VEGF, and integrin-β1. CONCLUSION Helicobacter pylori (cagA+vacA+) strain induces differentiation of normal fibroblasts into CAFs, likely to initiate the EMT process in RGM-1 epithelial cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gracjana Krzysiek‐Maczka
- Department of PhysiologyThe Faculty of MedicineJagiellonian University Medical CollegeCracowPoland
| | - Aneta Targosz
- Department of PhysiologyThe Faculty of MedicineJagiellonian University Medical CollegeCracowPoland
| | - Urszula Szczyrk
- Department of PhysiologyThe Faculty of MedicineJagiellonian University Medical CollegeCracowPoland
| | - Malgorzata Strzałka
- Department of PhysiologyThe Faculty of MedicineJagiellonian University Medical CollegeCracowPoland
| | - Zbigniew Sliwowski
- Department of PhysiologyThe Faculty of MedicineJagiellonian University Medical CollegeCracowPoland
| | - Tomasz Brzozowski
- Department of PhysiologyThe Faculty of MedicineJagiellonian University Medical CollegeCracowPoland
| | - Jarosław Czyz
- Department of Cell BiologyThe Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and BiotechnologyJagiellonian UniversityCracowPoland
| | - Agata Ptak‐Belowska
- Department of PhysiologyThe Faculty of MedicineJagiellonian University Medical CollegeCracowPoland
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Rubin K, Glazer S. The pertussis hypothesis: Bordetella pertussis colonization in the etiology of asthma and diseases of allergic sensitization. Med Hypotheses 2018; 120:101-115. [PMID: 30220328 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2018.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Decades of peer reviewed evidence demonstrate that: 1)Bordetellapertussisand pertussis toxin are potent adjuvants, inducing asthma and allergic sensitization in animal models of human disease, 2)Bordetella pertussisoften colonizes the human nasopharynx, and is well documented in highly pertussis-vaccinated populations and 3) in children, a history of whooping cough increases the risk of asthma and allergic sensitization disease. We build on these observations with six case studies and offer a pertussis-based explanation for the rapid rise in allergic disease in former East Germany following the fall of the Berlin Wall; the current asthma, peanut allergy, and anaphylaxis epidemics in the United States; the correlation between the risk of asthma and gross national income per capita by country; the lower risk of asthma and allergy in children raised on farms; and the reduced risk of atopy with increased family size and later sibling birth order. To organize the evidence for the pertussis hypothesis, we apply the Bradford Hill criteria to the association between Bordetella pertussisand asthma and allergicsensitization disease. We propose that, contrary to conventional wisdom that nasopharyngealBordetella pertussiscolonizing infections are harmless, subclinicalBordetella pertussiscolonization is an important cause of asthma and diseases of allergic sensitization.
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20
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Dos Santos DP, Muniz IPR, Queiroz AF, Pereira IS, Souza MPA, Lima LJ, Sousa LRO, Ribeiro IS, Galantini MPL, Marques LM, Figueiredo TB, da Silva RAA. Individual variation is the key to the development of a vaccine against Staphylococcus aureus: a comparative study between mice lineages. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 51:e6773. [PMID: 29590259 PMCID: PMC5886559 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20186773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial infections occur worldwide and are a major public health problem. Among pathogens, Staphylococcus aureus is the main causative agent of bacterial diseases in the world. This study aimed to evaluate which components of the immune system could act protectively against a S. aureus infection in intradermally immunized mice. C57BL/6 and A/j mice were immunized intradermally with S. aureus inactivated by heat and then challenged with viable strains in an air pouch model. At 6, 12, and 24 h after the challenge, euthanasia was performed, and the cellular profile of the inflammatory infiltrate, cytokines, and the bacterial load were evaluated in the air pouch lavages. Immunized mice demonstrated that the intradermal immunization with S. aureus promoted protection in C57BL/6 mice by reducing the bacterial, which was correlated with increased serum concentration of IgG antibodies (IgG1 and IgG2a) against S. aureus. The increase in IgG2a antibody levels was correlated with a decrease of bacterial load in intradermally immunized C57BL/6 mice, along with production of IL-17A at the inflammation site, as well as IgG1consumption. Similar results were not found in the A/j lineage. In conclusion, a vaccine against S. aureus should focus more on the individual characteristics of the host because it is a determinant factor for the success of the immunization.
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Affiliation(s)
- D P Dos Santos
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brasil
| | - I P R Muniz
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brasil
| | - A F Queiroz
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brasil
| | - I S Pereira
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brasil
| | - M P A Souza
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brasil
| | - L J Lima
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brasil
| | - L R O Sousa
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brasil
| | - I S Ribeiro
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brasil
| | - M P L Galantini
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brasil
| | - L M Marques
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brasil
| | - T B Figueiredo
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brasil
| | - R A A da Silva
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brasil
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Gonçalves-de-Albuquerque SDC, Pessoa-e-Silva R, Trajano-Silva LAM, de Goes TC, de Morais RCS, da C. Oliveira CN, de Lorena VMB, de Paiva-Cavalcanti M. The Equivocal Role of Th17 Cells and Neutrophils on Immunopathogenesis of Leishmaniasis. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1437. [PMID: 29163510 PMCID: PMC5670345 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in the understanding of leishmaniasis progression indicate that cellular interactions more complex than the Th1/Th2 paradigm define the course of infection. Th17 cells are a crucial modulator of adaptive immunity against Leishmania parasites acting mainly on neutrophil recruitment and playing a dual role at the site of infection. This review describes the roles of both these cell types in linking innate defense responses to the establishment of specific immunity. We focus on the Th17-neutrophil interaction as a crucial component of anti-Leishmania immunity, and the clinical evolution of cutaneous or visceral leishmaniasis. To date, information obtained through experimental models and patient evaluations suggests that the influence of the presence of interleukin (IL)-17 (the main cytokine produced by Th17 cells) and neutrophils during Leishmania infections is strictly dependent on the tissue (skin or liver/spleen) and parasite species. Also, the time at which neutrophils are recruited, and the persistence of IL-17 in the infection microenvironment, may also be significant. A clearer understanding of these interactions will enable better measurement of the influence of IL-17 and its regulators, and contribute to the identification of disease/resistance biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rômulo Pessoa-e-Silva
- Department of Microbiology, Aggeu Magalhães Research Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Lays A. M. Trajano-Silva
- Department of Microbiology, Aggeu Magalhães Research Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Tayná Correia de Goes
- Department of Microbiology, Aggeu Magalhães Research Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Rayana C. S. de Morais
- Department of Microbiology, Aggeu Magalhães Research Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Cíntia N. da C. Oliveira
- Department of Microbiology, Aggeu Magalhães Research Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Virgínia M. B. de Lorena
- Department of Microbiology, Aggeu Magalhães Research Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Milena de Paiva-Cavalcanti
- Department of Microbiology, Aggeu Magalhães Research Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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22
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Benito-León J, Laurence M. The Role of Fungi in the Etiology of Multiple Sclerosis. Front Neurol 2017; 8:535. [PMID: 29085329 PMCID: PMC5650687 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2017.00535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the central nervous system. Infectious triggers of MS are being actively investigated. Substantial evidence supports the involvement of the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), though other viruses, bacteria, protists, and fungi are also being considered. Many links between fungi and diseases involving chronic inflammation have been found recently. Evidence linking MS and fungi is reviewed here. The HLA-DRB1*15 allele group is the most important genetic risk factor of MS, and is a risk factor in several other conditions linked to fungal infections. Many biomarkers of MS are consistent with fungal infections, such as IL-17, chitotriosidase, and antibodies against fungi. Dimethyl fumarate (DMF), first used as an industrial fungicide, was recently repurposed to reduce MS symptoms. Its mechanisms of action in MS have not been firmly established. The low risk of MS during childhood and its moderate association with herpes simplex virus type 2 suggest genital exposure to microbes (including fungi) should be investigated as a possible trigger. Molecular and epidemiological evidence support a role for infections such as EBV in MS. Though fungal infections have not been widely studied in MS, many lines of evidence are consistent with a fungal etiology. Future microbiome and serological studies should consider fungi as a possible risk factor for MS, and future clinical studies should consider the effect of fungicides other than DMF on MS symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julián Benito-León
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital “12 de Octubre”, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
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23
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Dewi IMW, van de Veerdonk FL, Gresnigt MS. The Multifaceted Role of T-Helper Responses in Host Defense against Aspergillus fumigatus. J Fungi (Basel) 2017; 3:E55. [PMID: 29371571 PMCID: PMC5753157 DOI: 10.3390/jof3040055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitous opportunistic fungal pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus rarely causes infections in immunocompetent individuals. A healthy functional innate immune system plays a crucial role in preventing Aspergillus-infection. This pivotal role for the innate immune system makes it a main research focus in studying the pathogenesis of aspergillosis. Although sometimes overshadowed by the innate immune response, the adaptive immune response, and in particular T-helper responses, also represents a key player in host defense against Aspergillus. Virtually all T-helper subsets have been described to play a role during aspergillosis, with the Th1 response being crucial for fungal clearance. However; morbidity and mortality of aspergillosis can also be partly attributed to detrimental immune responses resulting from adaptive immune activation. Th2 responses benefit fungal persistence; and are the foundation of allergic forms of aspergillosis. The Th17 response has two sides; although crucial for granulocyte recruitment, it can be involved in detrimental immunopathology. Regulatory T-cells, the endogenous regulators of inflammatory responses, play a key role in controlling detrimental inflammatory responses during aspergillosis. The current knowledge of the adaptive immune response against A. fumigatus is summarized in this review. A better understanding on how T-helper responses facilitate clearance of Aspergillus-infection and control inflammation can be the fundamental basis for understanding the pathogenesis of aspergillosis and for the development of novel host-directed therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Intan M W Dewi
- Department of Experimental Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
- Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Eijkman No. 38, Bandung 40161, Indonesia.
| | - Frank L van de Veerdonk
- Department of Experimental Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Mark S Gresnigt
- Department of Experimental Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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24
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Raijmakers RPH, Sprenkeler EGG, Aleva FE, Jacobs CWM, Kanneganti TD, Joosten LAB, van de Veerdonk FL, Gresnigt MS. Toll-like receptor 2 induced cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 regulates Aspergillus-induced regulatory T-cells with pro-inflammatory characteristics. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11500. [PMID: 28904353 PMCID: PMC5597613 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11738-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with cystic fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, severe asthma, pre-existing pulmonary lesions, and severely immunocompromised patients are susceptible to develop infections with the opportunistic pathogenic fungus Aspergillus fumigatus, called aspergillosis. Infections in these patients are associated with persistent pro-inflammatory T-helper (TH)2 and TH17 responses. Regulatory T-cells, natural suppressor cells of the immune system, control pro-inflammatory T-cell responses, but can also contribute to disease by shifting to a pro-inflammatory TH17-like phenotype. Such a shift could play an important role in the detrimental immunopathology that is seen in aspergillosis. Our study demonstrates that Aspergillus fumigatus induces regulatory T-cells with a TH17-like phenotype. We also demonstrate that these regulatory T-cells with a pro-inflammatory TH17-like phenotype can be reprogrammed to their “classical” anti-inflammatory phenotype by activating Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), which regulates the induction of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA4). Similarly, soluble CTLA4 could reverse the pro-inflammatory phenotype of Aspergillus-induced regulatory T-cells. In conclusion, our results suggest a role for regulatory T-cells with a pro-inflammatory TH17-like phenotype in Aspergillus-associated immunopathology, and identifies key players, i.e. TLR2 and CTLA4, involved in this mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruud P H Raijmakers
- Department of Experimental Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein zuid 8, 6525GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Evelien G G Sprenkeler
- Department of Experimental Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein zuid 8, 6525GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Floor E Aleva
- Department of Experimental Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein zuid 8, 6525GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein zuid 10, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Cor W M Jacobs
- Department of Experimental Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein zuid 8, 6525GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Thirumala-Devi Kanneganti
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Leo A B Joosten
- Department of Experimental Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein zuid 8, 6525GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Frank L van de Veerdonk
- Department of Experimental Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein zuid 8, 6525GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mark S Gresnigt
- Department of Experimental Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein zuid 8, 6525GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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25
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Abstract
Microbiota play a key role in various body functions, as well as in physiological, metabolic, and immunological processes, through different mechanisms such as the regulation of the development and/or functions of different types of immune cells in the intestines. Evidence indicates that alteration in the gut microbiota can influence infectious and non-infectious diseases. Bacteria that reside on the mucosal surface or within the mucus layer interact with the host immune system, thus, a healthy gut microbiota is essential for the development of mucosal immunity. In patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), including those who control their disease with antiretroviral drugs (ART), the gut microbiome is very different than the microbiome of those not infected with HIV. Recent data suggests that, for these patients, dysbiosis may lead to a breakdown in the gut’s immunologic activity, causing systemic bacteria diffusion and inflammation. Since in HIV-infected patients in this state, including those in ART therapy, the treatment of gastrointestinal tract disorders is frustrating, many studies are in progress to investigate the ability of probiotics to modulate epithelial barrier functions, microbiota composition, and microbial translocation. This mini-review analyzed the use of probiotics to prevent and attenuate several gastrointestinal manifestations and to improve gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) immunity in HIV infection.
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26
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Park M, Kim S, Adelman JS, Leon AE, Hawley DM, Dalloul RA. Identification and functional characterization of the house finch interleukin-1β. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 69:41-50. [PMID: 27998740 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), an inflammatory cytokine of the IL-1 family, is primarily produced as a precursor protein by monocytes and macrophages, then matures and becomes activated through proteolytic catalysis. Although the biological characteristics of avian IL-1β are well known, little information is available about its biological role in songbird species such as house finches that are vulnerable to naturally-occurring inflammatory diseases. In this study, house finch IL-1β (HfIL-1β) was cloned, expressed, and its biological function examined. Both precursor and mature forms of HfIL-1β consisting of 269 and 162 amino acids, respectively, were amplified from total RNA of spleen and cloned into expression vectors. HfIL-1β showed high sequential and tertiary structural similarity to chicken homologue that allowed detection of the expressed mature recombinant HfIL-1β (rHfIL-1β) with anti-ChIL-1β antibody by immunoblot analysis. For further characterization, we used primary splenocytes and hepatocytes that are predominant sources of IL-1β upon stimulation, as well as suitable targets to stimulation by IL-1β. Isolated house finch splenocytes were stimulated with rHfIL-1β in the presence and absence of concanavalin A (Con A), RNA was extracted and transcript levels of Th1/Th2 cytokines and a chemokine were measured by qRT-PCR. The addition of rHfIL-1β induced significant enhancement of IL-2 transcript, a Th1 cytokine, while transcription of IL-1β and the Th2 cytokine IL-10 was slightly enhanced by rHfIL-1β treatment. rHfIL-1β also led to elevated levels of the chemokine CXCL1 and nitric oxide production regardless of co-stimulation with Con A. In addition, the production of the acute phase protein serum amyloid A and the antimicrobial peptide LEAP2 was observed in HfIL-1β-stimulated hepatocytes. Taken together, these observations revealed the basic functions of HfIL-1β including the stimulatory effect on cell proliferation, production of Th1/Th2 cytokines and acute phase proteins by immune cells, thus providing valuable insight into how HfIL-1β is involved in regulating inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myeongseon Park
- Avian Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Sungwon Kim
- Avian Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK
| | - James S Adelman
- Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Ariel E Leon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Dana M Hawley
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Rami A Dalloul
- Avian Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
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27
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Han J, Zhou L, Ge X, Guo X, Yang H. Pathogenesis and control of the Chinese highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. Vet Microbiol 2017; 209:30-47. [PMID: 28292547 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2017.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) has remained a major threat to the worldwide swine industry ever since its first discovery in the early 1990s. Under the selective pressures in the field, this positive-stranded RNA virus undergoes rapid genetic evolution that eventually leads to emergence in 2006 of the devastating Chinese highly pathogenic PRRSV (HP-PRRSV). The atypical nature of HP-PRRSV has caused colossal economic losses to the swine producers in China and the surrounding countries. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in our understanding of the pathogenesis, evolution and ongoing field practices on the control of this troubling virus in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Han
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xinna Ge
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Hanchun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China.
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28
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Slaats J, ten Oever J, van de Veerdonk FL, Netea MG. IL-1β/IL-6/CRP and IL-18/ferritin: Distinct Inflammatory Programs in Infections. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1005973. [PMID: 27977798 PMCID: PMC5158075 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The host inflammatory response against infections is characterized by the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and acute-phase proteins, driving both innate and adaptive arms of the immune response. Distinct patterns of circulating cytokines and acute-phase responses have proven indispensable for guiding the diagnosis and management of infectious diseases. This review discusses the profiles of acute-phase proteins and circulating cytokines encountered in viral and bacterial infections. We also propose a model in which the inflammatory response to viral (IL-18/ferritin) and bacterial (IL-6/CRP) infections presents with specific plasma patterns of immune biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen Slaats
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Jaap ten Oever
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Frank L. van de Veerdonk
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mihai G. Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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29
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Heinen MP, Cambier L, Fievez L, Mignon B. Are Th17 Cells Playing a Role in Immunity to Dermatophytosis? Mycopathologia 2016; 182:251-261. [PMID: 27878642 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-016-0093-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Despite their superficial localization in the skin, pathogenic dermatophytes can induce a complex but still misunderstood immune response in their hosts. The cell-mediated immunity (CMI) is correlated with both clinical recovery and protection against reinfection, and CD4+ T lymphocytes have been recognized as a crucial component of the immune defense against dermatophytes. Before the discovery of the Th17 pathway, CMI was considered to be only dependent of Th1 cells, and thus most studies on the immunology of dermatophytosis have focused on the Th1 pathway. Nevertheless, the fine comparative analysis of available scientific data on immunology of dermatophytosis in one hand and on the Th17 pathway mechanisms involved in opportunistic mucosal fungal infections in the other hand reveals that some key elements of the Th17 pathway can be activated by dermatophytes. Stimulation of the Th17 pathway could occur through the activation of some C-type lectin-like receptors and inflammasome in antigen-presenting cells. The Th17 cells could go back to the affected skin and by the production of signature cytokines could induce the effector mechanisms like the recruitment of polymorphonuclear neutrophils and the synthesis of antimicrobial peptides. In conclusion, besides the Th1 pathway, which is important to the immune response against dermatophytes, there are also growing evidences for the involvement of the Th17 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Pierre Heinen
- Veterinary Mycology, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Quartier Vallée 2, Avenue de Cureghem 6, B-43a, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Ludivine Cambier
- Veterinary Mycology, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Quartier Vallée 2, Avenue de Cureghem 6, B-43a, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Laurence Fievez
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, GIGA Research, Quartier Hôpital, University of Liège, Avenue de l'Hôpital 11, B-34, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Bernard Mignon
- Veterinary Mycology, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Quartier Vallée 2, Avenue de Cureghem 6, B-43a, 4000, Liège, Belgium.
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30
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Hau CS, Tada Y, Kanda N, Watanabe S. Immunoresponses in dermatomycoses. J Dermatol 2016; 42:236-44. [PMID: 25736316 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.12718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Contact with fungal pathogens initiates a series of host responses beginning with innate immunity, which leads to fungal recognition and microbial killing. The innate immune system also modulates the adaptive immune responses, leading to the establishment of immunological memory and protection against pathogens. In the case of dimorphic fungi such as Candida albicans and Malassezia, the immune system plays an important role in tolerance and resistance when managing the organisms either as commensal microbiota or invading pathogens, and disruption of this balance can result in pathological consequences for the host. In addition, Malassezia and dermatophytes have immunomodulatory capabilities that allow them to adapt to their environments and they may exert different effects in healthy and diseased skin. Here, we discuss the host immune responses to dermatomycoses caused by dimorphic fungi such as C. albicans and Malassezia as well as dermatophytes such as Trichophyton spp. and Arthroderma benhamiae to gain a better understanding of the mechanisms of the host-dermatomycosis interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carren Sy Hau
- Department of Dermatology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Becker KL, Rösler B, Wang X, Lachmandas E, Kamsteeg M, Jacobs CW, Joosten LA, Netea MG, van de Veerdonk FL. Th2 and Th9 responses in patients with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis and hyper-IgE syndrome. Clin Exp Allergy 2016; 46:1564-1574. [DOI: 10.1111/cea.12787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K. L. Becker
- Department of Internal Medicine; Radboud University Medical Center; Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI); Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - B. Rösler
- Department of Internal Medicine; Radboud University Medical Center; Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI); Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - X. Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine; Radboud University Medical Center; Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI); Nijmegen The Netherlands
- Department of Dermatology; Peking University First Hospital; Beijing China
| | - E. Lachmandas
- Department of Internal Medicine; Radboud University Medical Center; Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI); Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - M. Kamsteeg
- Department of Dermatology; Radboud University Medical Center; Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - C. W. Jacobs
- Department of Internal Medicine; Radboud University Medical Center; Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI); Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - L. A. Joosten
- Department of Internal Medicine; Radboud University Medical Center; Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI); Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - M. G. Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine; Radboud University Medical Center; Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI); Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - F. L. van de Veerdonk
- Department of Internal Medicine; Radboud University Medical Center; Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI); Nijmegen The Netherlands
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Lim H, Moon A. Inflammatory fibroblasts in cancer. Arch Pharm Res 2016; 39:1021-31. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-016-0787-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Watanabe N, Kaminuma O, Kitamura N, Hiroi T. Induced Treg Cells Augment the Th17-Mediated Intestinal Inflammatory Response in a CTLA4-Dependent Manner. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150244. [PMID: 26950218 PMCID: PMC4780716 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Th17 cells and Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) are thought to promote and suppress inflammatory responses, respectively. However, whether they counteract each other or synergize in regulating immune reactions remains controversial. To determine their interactions, we describe the results of experiments employing mouse models of intestinal inflammation by transferring antigen-specific Th cells (Th1, Th2, and Th17) differentiated in vitro followed by the administration of the cognate antigen via enema. We show that cotransfer of induced Tregs (iTregs) suppressed Th1- and Th2-mediated colon inflammation. In contrast, colon inflammation induced by transfer of Th17 cells, was augmented by the cotransfer of iTregs. Furthermore, oral delivery of antigen potentiated Th17-mediated colon inflammation. Administration of a blocking antibody against cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA4) abrogated the effects of cotransfer of iTregs, while the injection of a soluble recombinant immunoglobulin (Ig) fusion protein, CTLA4-Ig substituted for the cotransfer of iTregs. These results suggest that antigen-specific activation of iTregs in a local environment stimulates the Th17-mediated inflammatory response in a CTLA4-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobumasa Watanabe
- Allergy and Immunology Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Osamu Kaminuma
- Allergy and Immunology Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriko Kitamura
- Allergy and Immunology Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takachika Hiroi
- Allergy and Immunology Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Evolutionary Insights into IL17A in Lagomorphs. Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2015:367670. [PMID: 26788019 PMCID: PMC4692990 DOI: 10.1155/2015/367670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In leporids, IL17A had been implicated in the host defense against extracellular pathogens, such as Francisella tularensis that infects hares and rabbits and causes the zoonotic disease tularemia. Here, we studied IL17A from five lagomorphs, European rabbit, pygmy rabbit, brush rabbit, European brown hare, and American pika. We observed that this protein is highly conserved between these species, with a similarity of 97-99% in leporids and ~88% between leporids and American pika. The exon/intron structure, N-glycosylation sites, and cysteine residues are conserved between lagomorphs. However, at codon 88, one of the interaction sites between IL17A and its receptor IL17RA, there is an Arg>Pro mutation that only occurs in European rabbit and European brown hare. This could induce critical alterations in the IL17A structure and conformation and consequently modify its function. The differences observed between leporids and humans or rodents might also represent important alterations in protein structure and function. In addition, as for other interleukins, IL17A sequences of human and European rabbit are more closely related than the sequences of human and mouse or European rabbit and mouse. This study gives further support to the hypothesis that European rabbit might be a more suitable animal model for studies on human IL17.
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Graser A, Ekici AB, Sopel N, Melichar VO, Zimmermann T, Papadopoulos NG, Taka S, Ferrazzi F, Vuorinen T, Finotto S. Rhinovirus inhibits IL-17A and the downstream immune responses in allergic asthma. Mucosal Immunol 2016; 9:1183-92. [PMID: 26732679 PMCID: PMC7099698 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2015.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-17A (IL-17A) is known to mediate antimicrobial activity, but its role during rhinovirus (RV) infections and in asthma needs further investigation. Therefore, we addressed the role of IL-17A during allergic asthma and antiviral immune response in human and murine immunocompetent cells. In this study we found that asthmatic children with a RV infection in their upper airways have upregulated mRNA levels of the antiviral cytokine interferon type I (IFN)-β and the transcription factor T-box 21 (TBX21) and reduced levels of IL-17A protein in their peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). We also found that IL-17A inhibited RV1b replication in infected human lung epithelial cells A549. Furthermore, by using gene array analysis we discovered that targeted deletion of Il17a in murine lung CD4(+) T cells impaired Oas1g mRNA downstream of Ifnβ, independently from RV infection. Additionally, in PBMCs of children with a RV infection in their nasalpharyngeal fluid OAS1 gene expression was found downregulated. Finally RV1b inhibited IL-17A production in lung CD4(+) T cells in a setting of experimental asthma. These results indicate that the RV1b inhibits IL-17A in T helper type 17 cells and IL-17A clears RV1b infection in epithelial cells. In both cases IL-17A contributes to fend off RV1b infection by inducing genes downstream of interferon type I pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Graser
- grid.411668.c0000 0000 9935 6525Department of Molecular Pneumology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - A B Ekici
- grid.411668.c0000 0000 9935 6525Institute of Humangenetics, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - N Sopel
- grid.411668.c0000 0000 9935 6525Department of Molecular Pneumology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - V O Melichar
- grid.411668.c0000 0000 9935 6525Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Paediatric Pneumology-Allergology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - T Zimmermann
- grid.411668.c0000 0000 9935 6525Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Paediatric Pneumology-Allergology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - N G Papadopoulos
- grid.5216.00000 0001 2155 0800Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, 2nd Pediatric Clinic, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - S Taka
- grid.5216.00000 0001 2155 0800Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, 2nd Pediatric Clinic, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - F Ferrazzi
- grid.411668.c0000 0000 9935 6525Institute of Humangenetics, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - T Vuorinen
- grid.1374.10000 0001 2097 1371Department of Virology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - S Finotto
- grid.411668.c0000 0000 9935 6525Department of Molecular Pneumology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
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Hildebrand D, Heeg K, Kubatzky KF. Pasteurella multocida Toxin Manipulates T Cell Differentiation. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:1273. [PMID: 26635744 PMCID: PMC4652077 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pasteurella multocida causes various diseases in a broad range of wild and domestic animals. Toxigenic strains of the serotypes A and D produce an AB protein toxin named Pasteurella multocida toxin (PMT). PMT constitutively activates the heterotrimeric G protein subunits Gαq, Gα13, and Gαi through deamidation of a glutamine residue, which results in cytoskeletal rearrangements as well as increased proliferation and survival of the host cell. In human monocytes, PMT alters the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced activation toward a phenotype that suppresses T cell activation. Here we describe that the toxin also modulates CD4-positive T helper (Th) cells directly. PMT amplifies the expansion of Th cells through enhanced cell cycle progression and suppression of apoptosis and manipulates the differentiation of Th subclasses through activation of Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription (STAT) family members and induction of subtype-specific master transcription factors. A large population of toxin-treated T cells is double-positive for Foxp3 and RORγt, the transcription factors expressed by Treg and Th17 cells, respectively. This suggests that these cells could have the potential to turn into Th17 cells or suppressive Treg cells. However, in terms of function, the PMT-differentiated cells behave as inflammatory Th17 cells that produce IL-17 and trigger T cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmar Hildebrand
- Zentrum für Infektiologie, Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Klaus Heeg
- Zentrum für Infektiologie, Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katharina F Kubatzky
- Zentrum für Infektiologie, Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg Heidelberg, Germany
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Patras KA, Rösler B, Thoman ML, Doran KS. Characterization of host immunity during persistent vaginal colonization by Group B Streptococcus. Mucosal Immunol 2015; 8:1339-48. [PMID: 25850655 PMCID: PMC4598252 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2015.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B Streptococcus, GBS) is a Gram-positive bacterium, which colonizes the vaginal tract in 10-30% of women. Colonization is transient in nature, and little is known about the host and bacterial factors controlling GBS persistence. Gaining insight into these factors is essential for developing therapeutics to limit maternal GBS carriage and prevent transmission to the susceptible newborn. In this work, we have used human cervical and vaginal epithelial cells, and our established mouse model of GBS vaginal colonization, to characterize key host factors that respond during GBS colonization. We identify a GBS strain that persists beyond a month in the murine vagina, whereas other strains are more readily cleared. Correspondingly, we have detected differential cytokine production in human cell lines after challenge with the persistent strain vs. other GBS strains. We also demonstrate that the persistent strain more readily invades cervical cells compared with vaginal cells, suggesting that GBS may potentially use the cervix as a reservoir to establish long-term colonization. Furthermore, we have identified interleukin-17 production in response to long-term colonization, which is associated with eventual clearance of GBS. We conclude that both GBS strain differences and concurrent host immune responses are crucial in modulating vaginal colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn A. Patras
- Department of Biology and Center for Microbial Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, 92182, USA
| | - Berenice Rösler
- Department of Biology and Center for Microbial Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, 92182, USA
| | - Marilyn L. Thoman
- BioScience Center, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, 92182, USA
| | - Kelly S. Doran
- Department of Biology and Center for Microbial Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, 92182, USA,Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, 92093, USA,Corresponding author: Kelly S. Doran, Department of Biology and Center for Microbial Sciences, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA. Phone: 619-594-1867, Fax: 619-594-5676,
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Ferreira LS, Gonçalves AC, Portuondo DL, Maia DCG, Placeres MCP, Batista-Duharte A, Carlos IZ. Optimal clearance of Sporothrix schenckii requires an intact Th17 response in a mouse model of systemic infection. Immunobiology 2015; 220:985-92. [PMID: 25776919 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2015.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2014] [Revised: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of Th17 cells, along with many other Th cell subsets in the recent years, has expanded the Th1/Th2 paradigm that had persisted since its proposition by Mosmann in 1986. Defined by the characteristic expression of the transcription factor retinoic-related orphan receptor γt (RORγt) and production of IL-17A (IL-17), Th17 cells are powerful inducers of tissue inflammation with a recognized role against extracellular bacteria and fungi. Despite this, the interest in their study came from the pivotal role they play in the development and maintenance of major chronic inflammatory conditions such as multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis and Crohn's disease, hence they have been the target of promising new anti-Th17 therapies. Accordingly, the identification of opportunistic pathogens whose clearance relies on the Th17 response is of huge prophylactic importance. As shown here for the first time, this applies to Sporothrix schenckii, a thermo-dimorphic fungus and the causative agent of sporotrichosis. Our results show that both Th17 and Th1/Th17 mixed cells are developed during the S. schenckii systemic mice infection, which also leads to augmented production of IL-17 and IL-22. Also, by using an antibody-mediated IL-23 depletion model, we further demonstrate that optimal fungal clearance, but not survival, depends on an intact Th17 response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Souza Ferreira
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Araraquara's School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, Júlio Mesquita Filho, Rua Expedicionários do Brasil, 1621, Postal Code: 14801-902 Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
| | - Amanda Costa Gonçalves
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Araraquara's School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, Júlio Mesquita Filho, Rua Expedicionários do Brasil, 1621, Postal Code: 14801-902 Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
| | - Deivys Leandro Portuondo
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Araraquara's School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, Júlio Mesquita Filho, Rua Expedicionários do Brasil, 1621, Postal Code: 14801-902 Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
| | - Danielle Cardoso Geraldo Maia
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Araraquara's School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, Júlio Mesquita Filho, Rua Expedicionários do Brasil, 1621, Postal Code: 14801-902 Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
| | - Marisa Campos Polesi Placeres
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Araraquara's School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, Júlio Mesquita Filho, Rua Expedicionários do Brasil, 1621, Postal Code: 14801-902 Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
| | - Alexander Batista-Duharte
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Araraquara's School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, Júlio Mesquita Filho, Rua Expedicionários do Brasil, 1621, Postal Code: 14801-902 Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
| | - Iracilda Zeppone Carlos
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Araraquara's School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, Júlio Mesquita Filho, Rua Expedicionários do Brasil, 1621, Postal Code: 14801-902 Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
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Black yeasts and their filamentous relatives: principles of pathogenesis and host defense. Clin Microbiol Rev 2015; 27:527-42. [PMID: 24982320 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00093-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the melanized fungi, the so-called "black yeasts" and their filamentous relatives are particularly significant as agents of severe phaeohyphomycosis, chromoblastomycosis, and mycetoma in humans and animals. The pathogenicity and virulence of these fungi may differ significantly between closely related species. The factors which probably are of significance for pathogenicity include the presence of melanin and carotene, formation of thick cell walls and meristematic growth, presence of yeast-like phases, thermo- and perhaps also osmotolerance, adhesion, hydrophobicity, assimilation of aromatic hydrocarbons, and production of siderophores. Host defense has been shown to rely mainly on the ingestion and elimination of fungal cells by cells of the innate immune system, especially neutrophils and macrophages. However, there is increasing evidence supporting a role of T-cell-mediated immune responses, with increased interleukin-10 (IL-10) and low levels of gamma interferon (IFN-γ) being deleterious during the infection. There are no standardized therapies for treatment. It is therefore important to obtain in vitro susceptibilities of individual patients' fungal isolates in order to provide useful information for selection of appropriate treatment protocols. This article discusses the pathogenesis and host defense factors for these fungi and their severity, chronicity, and subsequent impact on treatment and prevention of diseases in human or animal hosts.
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Wilflingseder D, Schroll A, Hackl H, Gallasch R, Frampton D, Lass-Flörl C, Pancino G, Saez-Cirion A, Lambotte O, Weiss L, Kellam P, Trajanoski Z, Geijtenbeek T, Weiss G, Posch W. Immediate T-Helper 17 Polarization Upon Triggering CD11b/c on HIV-Exposed Dendritic Cells. J Infect Dis 2015; 212:44-56. [PMID: 25583169 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiv014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Early on in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 infection, gut T-helper (Th) 17 cells are massively depleted leading eventually to compromised intestinal barrier function and excessive immune activation. In contrast, the functional Th17 cell compartment of the gut is well-maintained in nonpathogenic simian immunodeficiency virus infection as well as HIV-1 long-term nonprogressors. Here, we show that dendritic cells (DCs) loaded with HIV-1 bearing high surface complement levels after incubation in plasma from HIV-infected individuals secreted significantly higher concentrations of Th17-polarizing cytokines than DCs exposed to nonopsonized HIV-1. The enhanced Th17-polarizing capacity of in vitro-generated and BDCA-1(+) DCs directly isolated from blood was linked to activation of ERK. In addition, C3a produced from DCs exposed to complement-opsonized HIV was associated with the higher Th17 polarization. Our in vitro and ex vivo data, therefore, indicate that complement opsonization of HIV-1 strengthens DC-mediated antiviral immune functions by simultaneously triggering Th17 expansion and intrinsic C3 formation via DC activation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea Schroll
- Department of Internal Medicine VI, Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases
| | - Hubert Hackl
- Division of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ralf Gallasch
- Division of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Dan Frampton
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge University College London, Windeyer Institute, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Olivier Lambotte
- INSERM U1012, Régulation de la Réponse Immune, Infection VIH1 et Autoimmunité, Université Paris Sud APHP, Service de Médecine Interne, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Sud Faculté de Médecine Paris Sud, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Laurence Weiss
- Unité de Régulation des Infections Rétrovirales APHP Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris
| | - Paul Kellam
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge University College London, Windeyer Institute, United Kingdom
| | - Zlatko Trajanoski
- Division of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Teunis Geijtenbeek
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Günter Weiss
- Department of Internal Medicine VI, Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases
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Robledo D, Ronza P, Harrison PW, Losada AP, Bermúdez R, Pardo BG, Redondo MJ, Sitjà-Bobadilla A, Quiroga MI, Martínez P. RNA-seq analysis reveals significant transcriptome changes in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) suffering severe enteromyxosis. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:1149. [PMID: 25526753 PMCID: PMC4320470 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-1149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Enteromyxosis caused by the intestinal myxozoan parasite Enteromyxum scophthalmi is a serious threat for turbot (Scophthalmus maximus, L.) aquaculture, causing severe catarrhal enteritis leading to a cachectic syndrome, with no therapeutic options available. There are still many aspects of host-parasite interaction and disease pathogenesis that are yet to be elucidated, and to date, no analysis of the transcriptomic changes induced by E. scophthalmi in turbot organs has been conducted. In this study, RNA-seq technology was applied to head kidney, spleen and pyloric caeca of severely infected turbot with the aim of furthering our understanding of the pathogenetic mechanisms and turbot immune response against enteromyxosis. Results A huge amount of information was generated with more than 23,000 identified genes in the three organs, amongst which 4,762 were differently expressed (DE) between infected and control fish. Associate gene functions were studied based on gene ontology terms and available literature, and the most interesting DE genes were classified into five categories: 1) immune and defence response; 2) apoptosis and cell proliferation; 3) iron metabolism and erythropoiesis; 4) cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix and 5) metabolism and digestive function. The analysis of down-regulated genes of the first category revealed evidences of a connexion failure between innate and adaptive immune response, especially represented by a high number of DE interferon-related genes in the three organs. Furthermore, we found an intense activation of local immune response at intestinal level that appeared exacerbated, whereas in kidney and spleen genes involved in adaptive immune response were mainly down-regulated. The apoptotic machinery was only clearly activated in pyloric caeca, while kidney and spleen showed a marked depression of genes related to erythropoiesis, probably related to disorders in iron homeostasis. The genetic signature of the causes and consequences of cachexia was also demonstrated by the down-regulation of the genes encoding structural proteins and those involved in the digestive metabolism. Conclusions This transcriptomic study has enabled us to gain a better understanding of the pathogenesis of enteromyxosis and identify a large number of DE target genes that bring us closer to the development of strategies designed to effectively combat this pathogen. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2164-15-1149) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - María Isabel Quiroga
- Departamento de Ciencias Clínicas Veterinarias, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo 27002, Spain.
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A murine inhalation model to characterize pulmonary exposure to dry Aspergillus fumigatus conidia. PLoS One 2014; 9:e109855. [PMID: 25340353 PMCID: PMC4207673 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Most murine models of fungal exposure are based on the delivery of uncharacterized extracts or liquid conidia suspensions using aspiration or intranasal approaches. Studies that model exposure to dry fungal aerosols using whole body inhalation have only recently been described. In this study, we aimed to characterize pulmonary immune responses following repeated inhalation of conidia utilizing an acoustical generator to deliver dry fungal aerosols to mice housed in a nose only exposure chamber. Immunocompetent female BALB/cJ mice were exposed to conidia derived from Aspergillus fumigatus wild-type (WT) or a melanin-deficient (Δalb1) strain. Conidia were aerosolized and delivered to mice at an estimated deposition dose of 1×105 twice a week for 4 weeks (8 total). Histopathological and immunological endpoints were assessed 4, 24, 48, and 72 hours after the final exposure. Histopathological analysis showed that conidia derived from both strains induced lung inflammation, especially at 24 and 48 hour time points. Immunological endpoints evaluated in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and the mediastinal lymph nodes showed that exposure to WT conidia led to elevated numbers of macrophages, granulocytes, and lymphocytes. Importantly, CD8+ IL17+ (Tc17) cells were significantly higher in BALF and positively correlated with germination of A. fumigatus WT spores. Germination was associated with specific IgG to intracellular proteins while Δalb1 spores elicited antibodies to cell wall hydrophobin. These data suggest that inhalation exposures may provide a more representative analysis of immune responses following exposures to environmentally and occupationally prevalent fungal contaminants.
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Steinberg RS, Silva LCS, Souza TC, Lima MT, de Oliveira NLG, Vieira LQ, Arantes RME, Miyoshi A, Nicoli JR, Neumann E, Nunes ÁC. Safety and protective effectiveness of two strains of Lactobacillus with probiotic features in an experimental model of salmonellosis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2014; 11:8755-76. [PMID: 25162711 PMCID: PMC4198989 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph110908755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Revised: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Two strains of Lactobacillus, previously isolated from bovine faeces and tested in vitro for properties desired in probiotics, were evaluated for their in vivo effectiveness in protecting against experimental salmonellosis. L. salivarius L38 and L. acidophilus L36 previously demonstrated the ability to successfully colonize the gastrointestinal tract of germ-free mice and stimulate the immune system associated with the intestinal mucosa. L38- or L36-feeding showed no detrimental effect on the general health indicators and did not induce changes in normal architecture of liver and small intestine, indicating that the use of these strains is apparently safe. In control animals fed L38 strain, several cytokines had augmented mRNA levels that can be associated with a homeostatic state of intestinal mucosa, while L36 had less diverse regulation. IgA production and secretion in the intestinal lumen induced by infection was abrogated by pretreating with both lactobacilli. In addition, liver and small intestine histological scores and, translocation of Salmonella cells to liver and spleen, indicated that these strains did not confer protection against the infection. So, the IL-12:IL-18àIFN-g axis, essential for an effective immune response against Salmonella, was not favored with L38 or L36 strains. However, increased expression of IL-10 in different portions of the gastrointestinal tract of L38-fed animals is indicative of anti-inflammatory effect to be explored furthermore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael S. Steinberg
- Department of General Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antonio Carlos 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; E-Mails: (R.S.S.); (L.C.S.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Lilian C. S. Silva
- Department of General Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antonio Carlos 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; E-Mails: (R.S.S.); (L.C.S.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Tássia C. Souza
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antonio Carlos 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; E-Mails: (T.C.S.); (M.T.L.); (M.L.G.O.); (J.R.N.); (E.N.)
| | - Maurício T. Lima
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antonio Carlos 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; E-Mails: (T.C.S.); (M.T.L.); (M.L.G.O.); (J.R.N.); (E.N.)
| | - Nayara L. G. de Oliveira
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antonio Carlos 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; E-Mails: (T.C.S.); (M.T.L.); (M.L.G.O.); (J.R.N.); (E.N.)
| | - Leda Q. Vieira
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antonio Carlos 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; E-Mail:
| | - Rosa M. E. Arantes
- Department of General Pathology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antonio Carlos 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; E-Mail:
| | - Anderson Miyoshi
- Department of General Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antonio Carlos 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; E-Mails: (R.S.S.); (L.C.S.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Jacques R. Nicoli
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antonio Carlos 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; E-Mails: (T.C.S.); (M.T.L.); (M.L.G.O.); (J.R.N.); (E.N.)
| | - Elisabeth Neumann
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antonio Carlos 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; E-Mails: (T.C.S.); (M.T.L.); (M.L.G.O.); (J.R.N.); (E.N.)
| | - Álvaro C. Nunes
- Department of General Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antonio Carlos 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; E-Mails: (R.S.S.); (L.C.S.S.); (A.M.)
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Mihi B, van Meulder F, Vancoppernolle S, Rinaldi M, Chiers K, van den Broeck W, Goddeeris BM, Vercruysse J, Claerebout E, Geldhof P. Analysis of the mucosal immune responses induced by single and trickle infections with the bovine abomasal nematode Ostertagia ostertagi. Parasite Immunol 2014; 36:150-6. [PMID: 24372091 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2013] [Accepted: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to provide more information on the kinetics of the immunological changes occurring in the abomasal mucosa after single and trickle infections with the bovine parasite Ostertagia ostertagi. The time course analysis of gene expression revealed that the major changes coincided with the emergence of adult worms from the gastric glands. These changes consisted of a simultaneous upregulation of Th1- and Th2-type cytokines. In addition, a single O. ostertagi infection elicited an upregulation of the epithelial-derived cytokine IL33, while TSLP expression levels were not impacted. Apart from the massive increase in inflammatory cytokines IL6, IL17 and IL21, O. ostertagi infection also elicited an upregulation of the immunosuppressors TGFB, IL10 and ARG1, as well as NK and γδ-T cell markers. Furthermore, the cytotoxic factors granulysin, perforin and granzyme B were upregulated following an O. ostertagi infection. Analysis of cytokine transcript levels in animals receiving trickle infections for 60 days showed a similar trend as observed following a single infection except for IL33, IL6, GATA-3, TBX21 and NCR1, which were no longer upregulated after trickle infections. Finally, the long trickle infections were associated with mucosal eosinophilia and mastocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Mihi
- Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
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Huppler AR, Conti HR, Hernández-Santos N, Darville T, Biswas PS, Gaffen SL. Role of neutrophils in IL-17-dependent immunity to mucosal candidiasis. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2014; 192:1745-52. [PMID: 24442441 PMCID: PMC3946223 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1302265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC), caused by the commensal fungus Candida albicans, is an opportunistic infection associated with infancy, AIDS, and IL-17-related primary immunodeficiencies. The Th17-associated cytokines IL-23 and IL-17 are crucial for immunity to OPC, but the mechanisms by which they mediate immunity are poorly defined. IL-17RA-deficient humans and mice are strongly susceptible to OPC, with reduced levels of CXC chemokines and concomitantly impaired neutrophil recruitment to the oral mucosa. Paradoxically, humans with isolated neutropenia are typically not susceptible to candidiasis. To determine whether immunity to OPC is mediated via neutrophil recruitment, mice lacking CXCR2 were subjected to OPC and were found to be highly susceptible, although there was no dissemination of fungi to peripheral organs. To assess whether the entire neutrophil response is IL-17 dependent, IL-17RA(-/-) and IL-23(-/-) mice were administered neutrophil-depleting Abs and subjected to OPC. These mice displayed increased oral fungal burdens compared with IL-17RA(-/-) or IL-23(-/-) mice alone, indicating that additional IL-17-independent signals contribute to the neutrophil response. WT mice treated with anti-Gr-1 Abs exhibited a robust infiltrate of CD11b(+)Ly-6G(low)F4/80(-) cells to the oral mucosa but were nonetheless highly susceptible to OPC, indicating that this monocytic influx is insufficient for host defense. Surprisingly, Ly-6G Ab treatment did not induce the same strong susceptibility to OPC in WT mice. Thus, CXCR2(+) and Gr-1(+) neutrophils play a vital role in host defense against OPC. Moreover, defects in the IL-23/17 axis cause a potent but incomplete deficiency in the neutrophil response to oral candidiasis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, Differentiation/metabolism
- Antigens, Ly/metabolism
- CD11b Antigen/metabolism
- Candida albicans/immunology
- Candidiasis, Oral/immunology
- Candidiasis, Oral/microbiology
- Interleukin-17/genetics
- Interleukin-17/metabolism
- Interleukin-23 Subunit p19/genetics
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mouth Mucosa/immunology
- Mouth Mucosa/microbiology
- Neutrophil Infiltration
- Neutrophils/immunology
- Receptors, Chemokine/immunology
- Receptors, Interleukin-17/deficiency
- Receptors, Interleukin-17/immunology
- Receptors, Interleukin-8B/deficiency
- Receptors, Interleukin-8B/genetics
- Th17 Cells/immunology
- Th17 Cells/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna R. Huppler
- Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Department of Pediatrics, 4401 Penn Ave., Pittsburgh, PA, 15224
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Pittsburgh PA, 15261
| | - Heather R. Conti
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Pittsburgh PA, 15261
| | - Nydiaris Hernández-Santos
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Pittsburgh PA, 15261
| | - Toni Darville
- Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Department of Pediatrics, 4401 Penn Ave., Pittsburgh, PA, 15224
| | - Partha S. Biswas
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Pittsburgh PA, 15261
| | - Sarah L. Gaffen
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Pittsburgh PA, 15261
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46
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Kaur G, STS C, Nimker C, Singh M, Saraswat D, Saxena S, Bansal A. Co-expression of S. Typhi GroEL and IL-22 gene augments immune responses against Salmonella infection. Immunol Cell Biol 2013; 91:642-51. [PMID: 24145856 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2013.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2013] [Revised: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Recombinant DNA vaccines represent a novel method for generating in situ expression of vaccine antigens. Intramuscular injections of naked DNA are able to elicit potent humoral and cellular immune responses but still numerous factors limit the immunogenicity of DNA vaccines. Co-expression of cytokines with antigen encoding genes in DNA vectors can improve the immune responses and modify Th1/Th2 balance. In this study, the immunomodulatory effect of Interleukin 22 (IL-22) as an adjuvant was studied by DNA vaccination with S. Typhi Heat shock protein 60 (HSP60/GroEL) in mice. Further, DNA construct of IL-22 gene fused with GroEL was developed and immunization studies were carried out in mice. DNA vaccination with GroEL alone stimulated humoral and cell-mediated immune responses. Co-immunization (IL-22+GroEL) further resulted in increase in T-cell proliferative responses, antibody titres (IgG, IgG1, IgG2a) and secretion of IFNγ (Th1), IL-1β and Th2 (IL-4, IL-6) cytokines. Co-expression (IL-22-GroEL DNA) also promoted antibody titres and cytokine levels were significantly higher as compared to co-immunized group. A reduction in bacterial load in spleen, liver and intestine was seen in all the immunized groups as compared to control, with least organ burden in fusion DNA construct group (co-expression). Improved protective efficacy (90%) against lethal challenge by Salmonella was observed with IL-22-GroEL co-expressing DNA vector as compared with plasmid encoding GroEL only (50-60%) or co-immunization group (75-80%). This study thus shows that co-expression of IL-22 and GroEL genes enhances the immune responses and protective efficacy, circumventing the need of any adjuvant.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibody Formation/immunology
- Bacterial Load/immunology
- Cell Proliferation
- Chaperonin 60/genetics
- Cytokines/metabolism
- DNA, Recombinant/genetics
- DNA, Recombinant/therapeutic use
- Female
- Gene Expression
- Genetic Vectors/metabolism
- Immunity/genetics
- Immunoglobulin G/immunology
- Interleukins/genetics
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Nitric Oxide/biosynthesis
- Protein Biosynthesis
- Salmonella Infections, Animal/drug therapy
- Salmonella Infections, Animal/genetics
- Salmonella Infections, Animal/immunology
- Salmonella Infections, Animal/prevention & control
- T-Lymphocytes/cytology
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Transcription, Genetic
- Treatment Outcome
- Vaccines, DNA/immunology
- Vaccines, DNA/therapeutic use
- Interleukin-22
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurpreet Kaur
- Division of Experimental Biology, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organization, Timarpur, Delhi, India
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47
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Elevated Cerebrospinal Fluid Interleukin-17A and Interferon-γ Levels in Early Asymptomatic Neurosyphilis. Sex Transm Dis 2013; 40:808-12. [DOI: 10.1097/olq.0000000000000024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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48
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Melnik BC, Plewig G. Impaired Notch-MKP-1 signalling in hidradenitis suppurativa: an approach to pathogenesis by evidence from translational biology. Exp Dermatol 2013; 22:172-7. [PMID: 23489419 DOI: 10.1111/exd.12098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recent findings in familial hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) demonstrated loss-of-function mutations of components of the γ-secretase (GS) complex leading to decreased protease cleaving activity, which may compromise canonical Notch signalling. Appropriate Notch signalling is of pivotal importance for maintaining the inner and outer root sheath of the hair follicle and skin appendages. This viewpoint on the pathogenesis of HS is primarily supported by circumstantial evidence derived from translational biology. Impaired Notch signalling is proposed to be the major pathogenic mechanism of HS. Deficient Notch signalling switches the fate of outer root sheath cells, resulting in conversion of hair follicles to keratin-enriched epidermal cysts. Impaired Notch signalling may compromise apocrine gland homoeostasis as well. Damage-associated molecular pattern molecules released by either ruptured epidermal cysts exposing keratin fibres or altered structural components of less maintained apocrine glands may both stimulate TLR-mediated innate immunity. All aggravating factors of HS, that is, smoking, obesity, skin occlusion, androgens and progesterone, may further promote inflammation by release of proinflammatory cytokines derived from activated monocyte/macrophages. Inappropriate Notch signalling may not only initiate inflammation in HS but may lead to insufficient feedback inhibition of overstimulated innate immunity. Regular Notch signalling via induction of MAPK phosphatase-1 (MKP-1) terminates TLR-MAPK-signalling in macrophages and IL-23 secreting DCs, the key players for Th17 cell polarization. Thus, impaired Notch signalling links HS to other Th17-driven comorbidities. All major therapeutic interventions in HS appear to attenuate increased MAPK activation of innate immune cells due to impaired Notch-mediated feedback regulation of innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bodo C Melnik
- Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany.
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49
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Christaki E, Giamarellos-Bourboulis EJ. The complex pathogenesis of bacteremia: from antimicrobial clearance mechanisms to the genetic background of the host. Virulence 2013; 5:57-65. [PMID: 24067507 PMCID: PMC3916384 DOI: 10.4161/viru.26514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteremia develops when bacteria manage to escape the host immune mechanisms or when the otherwise well-orchestrated immune response fails to control bacterial spread due to inherent or acquired immune defects that are associated with susceptibility to infection. The pathogenesis of bacteremia has some characteristic features that are influenced by the genetic signature of the host. In this review, the host defense mechanisms that help prevent bacteremia will be described and the populations who are at risk because of congenital or acquired deficiencies in such mechanisms will be defined. A special mention will be made to novel insights regarding host immune defense against the most commonly isolated organisms from patients with community-acquired bloodstream infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirini Christaki
- Third Department of Internal Medicine; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki; Papageorgiou General Hospital; Thessaloniki, Greece; Infectious Diseases Division; Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University; Providence, RI USA
| | - Evangelos J Giamarellos-Bourboulis
- Fourth Department of Internal Medicine; Medical School; University of Athens; Athens, Greece; Integrated Research and Treatment Center; Center for Sepsis Control and Care; Jena University Hospital; Jena, Germany
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50
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Liu LL, Li XF, Qin WQ, Liu XL, Li G, Shu SN, Fang F. Is IL-17 an accomplice contributing to salivary gland damage during CMV infection? Future Virol 2013. [DOI: 10.2217/fvl.13.78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Aim: This study aimed to explore the potential role of IL-17 in the pathological damage to the salivary gland during CMV infection. Materials & methods: For all studies, 4-week-old female BALB/c mice were used. Mouse embryo fibroblast cells were isolated from embryos of pregnant mice. The Smith murine CMV (MCMV) strain was propagated and obtained from homogenates of the salivary glands. BALB/c mice were randomly divided into two groups. Mice in one group were infected with Smith MCMV to establish disseminated infection; mice in the other group were controls. Four mice of each group were randomly chosen to be harvested on days 3, 7, 14 and 28. Viral titers in salivary gland tissues were determined using a standard plaque assay; IL-17+ T cells in the spleen were analyzed by flow cytometry; the expressions of IL-17 and IL-17 receptor (IL-17R) mRNA was measured by reverse transcription PCR; and the pathology of the salivary glands in infected mice were assessed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Results: The viral titers in salivary gland tissues, which were much higher than those of other organs, elevated on day 7 and peaked on day 14, then gradually declined on day 28. The percentages of CD4+IL-17+ T cells were increased in MCMV-infected mice compared with controls, with the main increase of CD4+IL-17+ T cells being Th17 cells (p < 0.05). In salivary gland tissues, the expression of IL-17 and IL-17R mRNA increased significantly and achieved the highest level on day 14, which was significantly higher than that of the controls (p < 0.05). Compared with controls, serious inflammatory cellular infiltrates in the salivary glands were present on day 7 after MCMV infection, and on day 14, many of the cellular infiltrate became larger and coalesced with neighboring foci. We found that IL-17 and IL-17R were enriched in the salivary glands when the tissues were mainly injured. Conclusion: The results illustrated that the inflammatory factors, IL-17 and IL-17R, possibly contributed to the process of viral infection and played a part in inducing pathological damage of the salivary gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-ling Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xu-fang Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Wen-qing Qin
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xing-lou Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Ge Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Sai-nan Shu
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Feng Fang
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
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