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Shan X, Tao W, Li J, Tao W, Li D, Zhou L, Yang X, Dong C, Huang S, Chu X, Zhang C. Kai-Xin-San ameliorates Alzheimer's disease-related neuropathology and cognitive impairment in APP/PS1 mice via the mitochondrial autophagy-NLRP3 inflammasome pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 329:118145. [PMID: 38582153 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Kai-Xin-San (KXS) is a classic famous prescription that has been utilized for centuries to address dementia. New investigations have shown that the anti-dementia effect of KXS is connected with improved neuroinflammation. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanism is not well elucidated. AIM OF THE STUDY We propose to discover the ameliorative impact of KXS on Alzheimer's disease (AD) and its regulatory role on the mitochondrial autophagy-nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome pathway. MATERIALS AND METHODS The Y maze, Morris water maze, and new objection recognition tests were applied to ascertain the spatial learning and memory capacities of amyloid precursor protein/presenilin 1 (APP/PS1) mice after KXS-treatment. Meanwhile, the biochemical indexes of the hippocampus were detected by reagent kits. The pathological alterations and mitochondrial autophagy in the mice' hippocampus were detected utilizing hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence staining, and transmission electron microscopy. Besides, the PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1)/Parkin and NLRP3 inflammasome pathways protein expressions were determined employing the immunoblot analysis. RESULTS The results of behavioral tests showed that KXS significantly enhanced the AD mice' spatial learning and memory capacities. Furthermore, KXS reversed the biochemical index levels and reduced amyloid-β protein deposition in AD mice brains. Besides, H&E staining showed that KXS remarkably ameliorated the neuronal damage in AD mice. Concurrently, the results of transmission electron microscopy suggest that KXS ameliorated the mitochondrial damage in microglia and promoted mitochondrial autophagy. Moreover, the immunofluorescence outcomes exhibited that KXS promoted the expression of protein 1 light chain 3B (LC3B) associated with microtubule and the generation of autophagic flux. Notably, the immunofluorescence co-localization results confirmed the presence of mitochondrial autophagy in microglia. Finally, KXS promoted the protein expressions of the PINK1/Parkin pathway and reduced the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome. Most importantly, these beneficial effects of KXS were attenuated by the mitochondrial autophagy inhibitor chloroquine. CONCLUSION KXS ameliorates AD-related neuropathology and cognitive impairment in APP/PS1 mice by enhancing the mitochondrial autophagy and suppressing the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Shan
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China; Center for Xin'an Medicine and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine of IHM, Grand Health Research Institute of Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China; Engineering Technology Research Center of Modernized Pharmaceutics, Anhui Education Department (AUCM), Hefei, 230012, Anhui, China; Anhui Genuine Chinese Medicinal Materials Quality Improvement Collaborative Innovation Center, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, China.
| | - Wenwen Tao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China; Center for Xin'an Medicine and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine of IHM, Grand Health Research Institute of Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China; Engineering Technology Research Center of Modernized Pharmaceutics, Anhui Education Department (AUCM), Hefei, 230012, Anhui, China; Anhui Genuine Chinese Medicinal Materials Quality Improvement Collaborative Innovation Center, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, China.
| | - Junying Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China; Center for Xin'an Medicine and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine of IHM, Grand Health Research Institute of Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China; Engineering Technology Research Center of Modernized Pharmaceutics, Anhui Education Department (AUCM), Hefei, 230012, Anhui, China; Anhui Genuine Chinese Medicinal Materials Quality Improvement Collaborative Innovation Center, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, China.
| | - Wenkang Tao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China; Center for Xin'an Medicine and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine of IHM, Grand Health Research Institute of Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China; Engineering Technology Research Center of Modernized Pharmaceutics, Anhui Education Department (AUCM), Hefei, 230012, Anhui, China; Anhui Genuine Chinese Medicinal Materials Quality Improvement Collaborative Innovation Center, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, China; Hefei Innovation Pharmaceutical Technology Co.ltd., Hefei, 230031, China.
| | - Dawei Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China; Center for Xin'an Medicine and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine of IHM, Grand Health Research Institute of Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China; Engineering Technology Research Center of Modernized Pharmaceutics, Anhui Education Department (AUCM), Hefei, 230012, Anhui, China; Anhui Genuine Chinese Medicinal Materials Quality Improvement Collaborative Innovation Center, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, China; Hefei Innovation Pharmaceutical Technology Co.ltd., Hefei, 230031, China.
| | - Lele Zhou
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China; Center for Xin'an Medicine and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine of IHM, Grand Health Research Institute of Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China; Engineering Technology Research Center of Modernized Pharmaceutics, Anhui Education Department (AUCM), Hefei, 230012, Anhui, China; Anhui Genuine Chinese Medicinal Materials Quality Improvement Collaborative Innovation Center, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, China; Hefei Innovation Pharmaceutical Technology Co.ltd., Hefei, 230031, China.
| | - Xuan Yang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China; Center for Xin'an Medicine and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine of IHM, Grand Health Research Institute of Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China; Engineering Technology Research Center of Modernized Pharmaceutics, Anhui Education Department (AUCM), Hefei, 230012, Anhui, China; Anhui Genuine Chinese Medicinal Materials Quality Improvement Collaborative Innovation Center, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, China; Hefei Innovation Pharmaceutical Technology Co.ltd., Hefei, 230031, China.
| | - Chong Dong
- Hefei Innovation Pharmaceutical Technology Co.ltd., Hefei, 230031, China.
| | - Shunwang Huang
- Hefei Innovation Pharmaceutical Technology Co.ltd., Hefei, 230031, China.
| | - Xiaoqin Chu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China; Center for Xin'an Medicine and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine of IHM, Grand Health Research Institute of Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China; Engineering Technology Research Center of Modernized Pharmaceutics, Anhui Education Department (AUCM), Hefei, 230012, Anhui, China; Anhui Genuine Chinese Medicinal Materials Quality Improvement Collaborative Innovation Center, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, China.
| | - Caiyun Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China; Center for Xin'an Medicine and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine of IHM, Grand Health Research Institute of Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China; Engineering Technology Research Center of Modernized Pharmaceutics, Anhui Education Department (AUCM), Hefei, 230012, Anhui, China; Anhui Genuine Chinese Medicinal Materials Quality Improvement Collaborative Innovation Center, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, China.
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Talebi V, Alamdari KA, Patel DI. Simple and Complex Wheel Running Effect on Depression, Memory, Neuroinflammation, and Neurogenesis in Alzheimer's Rat Model. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2024; 56:1159-1167. [PMID: 38227543 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to investigate 12 wk of simple and complex voluntary wheel running on Alzheimer's disease (AD), associated biomarkers, and behaviors. METHODS Sixty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups: healthy control (Con-Sed), AD only (AD-Sed), simple wheel control (SWC), complex wheel control (CWC), simple wheel AD (SWAD), and complex wheel AD (CWAD). Novelty-suppressed feeding test and the Morris water maze test were used to evaluate depression and memory, respectively. Ki67 was measured in the hippocampus, whereas interleukin (IL)-1β and neural/glial antigen 2 (NG2) were measured in both the hippocampus and the prefrontal cortex. One-way ANOVA with Tukey's post hoc test was performed. RESULTS AD-Sed group had significantly lower spacial memory ( P < 0.001) compared with Con-Sed. Simple and complex wheel running attenuated these deficits in the SWAD and CWAD groups, respectively ( P < 0.001). Only the CWAD group had significantly improved novelty-suppressed feeding test time compared with AD-Sed ( P < 0.001), equivalent to the healthy wheel running groups. AD-Sed has significantly higher hippocampal concentrations of Ki67 ( P = 0.01) compared with the Con-Sed. Both SWAD and CWAD had significantly reduced Ki67 with similar concentrations compared with the SWC and CWC groups ( P > 0.05). AD-Sed animals also presented with significantly higher hippocampal and prefrontal cortex concentrations of IL-1β compared with Con-Sed ( P < 0.001). SWAD and CWAD had no effect in changing these concentrations. Complex wheel running significantly increased NG2 in the healthy control and AD models, whereas simple wheel running significantly increased NG2 in the AD model. CONCLUSIONS The results of our study suggest that complex wheel running might be more advantageous in promoting memory and neuroplasticity while reducing depression that is associated with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Talebi
- Department of Sports Science, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, IRAN
| | - Karim Azali Alamdari
- Department of Sports Science, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, IRAN
| | - Darpan I Patel
- School of Nursing, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX
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Curtis AF, Musich M, Costa AN, Gonzales J, Gonzales H, Ferguson BJ, Kille B, Thomas AL, Wei X, Liu P, Greenlief CM, Shenker JI, Beversdorf DQ. Feasibility and Preliminary Efficacy of American Elderberry Juice for Improving Cognition and Inflammation in Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4352. [PMID: 38673938 PMCID: PMC11050618 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite data showing that nutritional interventions high in antioxidant/anti-inflammatory properties (anthocyanin-rich foods, such as blueberries/elderberries) may decrease risk of memory loss and cognitive decline, evidence for such effects in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is limited. This study examined preliminary effects of American elderberry (Sambucus nigra subsp. canadensis) juice on cognition and inflammatory markers in patients with MCI. In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, patients with MCI (n = 24, Mage = 76.33 ± 6.95) received American elderberry (n = 11) or placebo (n = 13) juice (5 mL orally 3 times a day) for 6 months. At baseline, 3 months, and 6 months, patients completed tasks measuring global cognition, verbal memory, language, visuospatial cognitive flexibility/problem solving, and memory. A subsample (n = 12, 7 elderberry/5 placebo) provided blood samples to measure serum inflammatory markers. Multilevel models examined effects of the condition (elderberry/placebo), time (baseline/3 months/6 months), and condition by time interactions on cognition/inflammation outcomes. Attrition rates for elderberry (18%) and placebo (15%) conditions were fairly low. The dosage compliance (elderberry-97%; placebo-97%) and completion of cognitive (elderberry-88%; placebo-87%) and blood-based (elderberry-100%; placebo-100%) assessments was high. Elderberry (not placebo) trended (p = 0.09) towards faster visuospatial problem solving performance from baseline to 6 months. For the elderberry condition, there were significant or significantly trending decreases over time across several markers of low-grade peripheral inflammation, including vasorin, prenylcysteine oxidase 1, and complement Factor D. Only one inflammatory marker showed an increase over time (alpha-2-macroglobin). In contrast, for the placebo, several inflammatory marker levels increased across time (L-lactate dehydrogenase B chain, complement Factor D), with one showing deceased levels over time (L-lactate dehydrogenase A chain). Daily elderberry juice consumption in patients with MCI is feasible and well tolerated and may provide some benefit to visuospatial cognitive flexibility. Preliminary findings suggest elderberry juice may reduce low-grade inflammation compared to a placebo-control. These promising findings support the need for larger, more definitive prospective studies with longer follow-ups to better understand mechanisms of action and the clinical utility of elderberries for potentially mitigating cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley F. Curtis
- College of Nursing, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA; (A.F.C.); (A.N.C.)
| | - Madison Musich
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201, USA; (M.M.); (B.K.)
| | - Amy N. Costa
- College of Nursing, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA; (A.F.C.); (A.N.C.)
- Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Joshua Gonzales
- School of Osteopathic Medicine, A. T. Still University, Kirksville, MO 63501, USA;
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Hyeri Gonzales
- School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA;
| | - Bradley J. Ferguson
- Department of Neurology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; (B.J.F.); (J.I.S.)
| | - Briana Kille
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201, USA; (M.M.); (B.K.)
- Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Andrew L. Thomas
- Division of Plant Science and Technology, University of Missouri, Southwest Research Extension and Education Center, Mt. Vernon, MO 65201, USA;
| | - Xing Wei
- Charles W. Gehrke Proteomics Center, Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201, USA; (X.W.); (P.L.); (C.M.G.)
| | - Pei Liu
- Charles W. Gehrke Proteomics Center, Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201, USA; (X.W.); (P.L.); (C.M.G.)
| | - C. Michael Greenlief
- Charles W. Gehrke Proteomics Center, Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201, USA; (X.W.); (P.L.); (C.M.G.)
| | - Joel I. Shenker
- Department of Neurology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; (B.J.F.); (J.I.S.)
| | - David Q. Beversdorf
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201, USA; (M.M.); (B.K.)
- Department of Neurology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; (B.J.F.); (J.I.S.)
- Department of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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Abbatecola AM, Giuliani A, Biscetti L, Scisciola L, Battista P, Barbieri M, Sabbatinelli J, Olivieri F. Circulating biomarkers of inflammaging and Alzheimer's disease to track age-related trajectories of dementia: Can we develop a clinically relevant composite combination? Ageing Res Rev 2024; 96:102257. [PMID: 38437884 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a rapidly growing global concern due to a consistent rise of the prevalence of dementia which is mainly caused by the aging population worldwide. An early diagnosis of AD remains important as interventions are plausibly more effective when started at the earliest stages. Recent developments in clinical research have focused on the use of blood-based biomarkers for improve diagnosis/prognosis of neurodegenerative diseases, particularly AD. Unlike invasive cerebrospinal fluid tests, circulating biomarkers are less invasive and will become increasingly cheaper and simple to use in larger number of patients with mild symptoms or at risk of dementia. In addition to AD-specific markers, there is growing interest in biomarkers of inflammaging/neuro-inflammaging, an age-related chronic low-grade inflammatory condition increasingly recognized as one of the main risk factor for almost all age-related diseases, including AD. Several inflammatory markers have been associated with cognitive performance and AD development and progression. The presence of senescent cells, a key driver of inflammaging, has also been linked to AD pathogenesis, and senolytic therapy is emerging as a potential treatment strategy. Here, we describe blood-based biomarkers clinically relevant for AD diagnosis/prognosis and biomarkers of inflammaging associated with AD. Through a systematic review approach, we propose that a combination of circulating neurodegeneration and inflammatory biomarkers may contribute to improving early diagnosis and prognosis, as well as providing valuable insights into the trajectory of cognitive decline and dementia in the aging population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Marie Abbatecola
- Alzheimer's Disease Day Clinic, Azienda Sanitaria Locale, Frosinone, Italy; Univesità degli Studi di Cassino e del Lazio Meridionale, Dipartimento di Scienze Umane, Sociali e della Salute, Cassino, Italy
| | - Angelica Giuliani
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Cardiac Rehabilitation Unit of Bari Institute, Italy.
| | | | - Lucia Scisciola
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Petronilla Battista
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Laboratory of Neuropsychology, Bari Institute, Italy
| | - Michelangela Barbieri
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Jacopo Sabbatinelli
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, DISCLIMO, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Clinic of Laboratory and Precision Medicine, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy
| | - Fabiola Olivieri
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, DISCLIMO, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Clinic of Laboratory and Precision Medicine, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy
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Jo SL, Hong EJ. Progesterone Receptor Membrane Component 1 Regulates Cellular Stress Responses and Inflammatory Pathways in Chronic Neuroinflammatory Conditions. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:230. [PMID: 38397828 PMCID: PMC10886208 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13020230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia and is one of the neurodegenerative diseases that are caused by neuronal death due to various triggers. Neuroinflammation plays a critical role in the development of AD. The neuroinflammatory response is manifested by pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α; various chemokines; nitrous oxide; and reactive oxygen species. In this study, we evaluated the relevance of progesterone receptor membrane component 1 (PGRMC1), which is expressed in the brain cells during the induction of neuroinflammation. A lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced chronic neuroinflammation model and Pgrmc1 knockdown cells were used to assess the inflammatory cytokine levels, AD-related factors, inflammation-related signaling, and cell death. Pgrmc1 knockout (KO) mice had higher IL-1β levels after treatment with LPS compared with those of wild-type (WT) mice. Furthermore, Pgrmc1 KO mice had higher levels of inflammatory factors, endoplasmic reticulum stress indicators, and AD-associated markers compared with those of WT mice who underwent LPS treatment or not. Finally, these indicators were observed in vitro using U373-MG astrocytes. In conclusion, the loss of PGRMC1 may promote neuroinflammation and lead to AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eui-Ju Hong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea;
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Li Z, Wang H, Yin Y. Peripheral inflammation is a potential etiological factor in Alzheimer's disease. Rev Neurosci 2024; 35:99-120. [PMID: 37602685 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2023-0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Peripheral inflammation could constitute a risk factor for AD. This review summarizes the research related to peripheral inflammation that appears to have a relationship with Alzheimer's disease. We find there are significant associations between AD and peripheral infection induced by various pathogens, including herpes simplex virus type 1, cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, human immunodeficiency virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Helicobacter pylori, and Toxoplasma gondii. Chronic inflammatory diseases are also reported to contribute to the pathophysiology of AD. The mechanisms by which peripheral inflammation affects the pathophysiology of AD are complex. Pathogen-derived neurotoxic molecule composition, disrupted BBB, and dysfunctional neurogenesis may all play a role in peripheral inflammation, promoting the development of AD. Anti-pathogenic medications and anti-inflammatory treatments are reported to decrease the risk of AD. Studies that could improve understanding the associations between AD and peripheral inflammation are needed. If our assumption is correct, early intervention against inflammation may be a potential method of preventing and treating AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyuan Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Kongjiang Road 1665, Yangpu District, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Kongjiang Road 1665, Yangpu District, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yafu Yin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Kongjiang Road 1665, Yangpu District, Shanghai 200092, China
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Rudisch DM, Krasko MN, Barnett DGS, Mueller KD, Russell JA, Connor NP, Ciucci MR. Early ultrasonic vocalization deficits and related thyroarytenoid muscle pathology in the transgenic TgF344-AD rat model of Alzheimer's disease. Front Behav Neurosci 2024; 17:1294648. [PMID: 38322496 PMCID: PMC10844490 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1294648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurologic disease and the most common cause of dementia. Classic pathology in AD is characterized by inflammation, abnormal presence of tau protein, and aggregation of β-amyloid that disrupt normal neuronal function and lead to cell death. Deficits in communication also occur during disease progression and significantly reduce health, well-being, and quality of life. Because clinical diagnosis occurs in the mid-stage of the disease, characterizing the prodrome and early stages in humans is currently challenging. To overcome these challenges, we use the validated TgF344-AD (F344-Tg(Prp-APP, Prp-PS1)19/Rrrc) transgenic rat model that manifests cognitive, behavioral, and neuropathological dysfunction akin to AD in humans. Objectives The overarching goal of our work is to test the central hypothesis that pathology and related behavioral deficits such as communication dysfunction in part manifest in the peripheral nervous system and corresponding target tissues already in the early stages. The primary aims of this study are to test the hypotheses that: (1) changes in ultrasonic vocalizations (USV) occur in the prodromal stage at 6 months of age and worsen at 9 months of age, (2) inflammation as well as AD-related pathology can be found in the thyroarytenoid muscle (TA) at 12 months of age (experimental endpoint tissue harvest), and to (3) demonstrate that the TgF344-AD rat model is an appropriate model for preclinical investigations of early AD-related vocal deficits. Methods USVs were collected from male TgF344-AD (N = 19) and wildtype (WT) Fischer-344 rats (N = 19) at 6 months (N = 38; WT: n = 19; TgF344-AD: n = 19) and 9 months of age (N = 18; WT: n = 10; TgF344-AD: n = 8) and acoustically analyzed for duration, mean power, principal frequency, low frequency, high frequency, peak frequency, and call type. RT-qPCR was used to assay peripheral inflammation and AD-related pathology via gene expressions in the TA muscle of male TgF344-AD rats (n = 6) and WT rats (n = 6) at 12 months of age. Results This study revealed a significant reduction in mean power of ultrasonic calls from 6 to 9 months of age and increased peak frequency levels over time in TgF344-AD rats compared to WT controls. Additionally, significant downregulation of AD-related genes Uqcrc2, Bace2, Serpina3n, and Igf2, as well as downregulation of pro-inflammatory gene Myd88 was found in the TA muscle of TgF344-AD rats at 12 months of age. Discussion Our findings demonstrate early and progressive vocal deficits in the TgF344-AD rat model. We further provide evidence of dysregulation of AD-pathology-related genes as well as inflammatory genes in the TA muscles of TgF344-AD rats in the early stage of the disease, confirming this rat model for early-stage investigations of voice deficits and related pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Michael Rudisch
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, UW School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- UW Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, UW School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Maryann N Krasko
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, UW School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - David G S Barnett
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, UW School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Kimberly D Mueller
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - John A Russell
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, UW School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Nadine P Connor
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, UW School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Michelle R Ciucci
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, UW School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
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Telpoukhovskaia MA, Murdy TJ, Marola OJ, Charland K, MacLean M, Luquez T, Lish AM, Neuner S, Dunn A, Onos KD, Wiley J, Archer D, Huentelman MJ, Arnold M, Menon V, Goate A, Van Eldik LJ, Territo PR, Howell GR, Carter GW, O'Connell KMS, Kaczorowski CC. New directions for Alzheimer's disease research from the Jackson Laboratory Center for Alzheimer's and Dementia Research 2022 workshop. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (NEW YORK, N. Y.) 2024; 10:e12458. [PMID: 38469553 PMCID: PMC10925728 DOI: 10.1002/trc2.12458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In September 2022, The Jackson Laboratory Center for Alzheimer's and Dementia Research (JAX CADR) hosted a workshop with leading researchers in the Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) field. METHODS During the workshop, the participants brainstormed new directions to overcome current barriers to providing patients with effective ADRD therapeutics. The participants outlined specific areas of focus. Following the workshop, each group used standard literature search methods to provide background for each topic. RESULTS The team of invited experts identified four key areas that can be collectively addressed to make a significant impact in the field: (1) Prioritize the diversification of disease targets, (2) enhance factors promoting resilience, (3) de-risk clinical pipeline, and (4) centralize data management. DISCUSSION In this report, we review these four objectives and propose innovations to expedite ADRD therapeutic pipelines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas J. Murdy
- The Jackson Laboratory for Mammalian GeneticsBar HarborMaineUSA
| | | | - Kevin Charland
- The Jackson Laboratory for Mammalian GeneticsBar HarborMaineUSA
| | - Michael MacLean
- The Jackson Laboratory for Mammalian GeneticsBar HarborMaineUSA
| | - Tain Luquez
- Center for Translational and Computational NeuroimmunologyDepartment of NeurologyColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Alexandra M. Lish
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic DiseasesDepartment of NeurologyBrigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Sarah Neuner
- Department of Genetics and Genomic SciencesIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Amy Dunn
- The Jackson Laboratory for Mammalian GeneticsBar HarborMaineUSA
| | - Kristen D. Onos
- The Jackson Laboratory for Mammalian GeneticsBar HarborMaineUSA
| | | | - Derek Archer
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer's CenterVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
- Department of NeurologyVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
- Vanderbilt Genetics InstituteVanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Matthew J. Huentelman
- Neurogenomics DivisionTranslational Genomics Research Institute (TGen)PhoenixArizonaUSA
| | - Matthias Arnold
- Institute of Computational BiologyHelmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental HealthNeuherbergGermany
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesDuke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Vilas Menon
- Center for Translational and Computational NeuroimmunologyDepartment of NeurologyColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Alison Goate
- Department of Genetics and Genomic SciencesIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | | | - Paul R. Territo
- Department of MedicineDivision of Clinical PharmacologyIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
- Stark Neuroscience Research InstituteIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Gareth R. Howell
- The Jackson Laboratory for Mammalian GeneticsBar HarborMaineUSA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and EngineeringUniversity of MaineOronoMaineUSA
- Neuroscience Program, Graduate School of Biomedical ScienceTufts University School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Genetics Program, Graduate School of Biomedical ScienceTufts University School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Gregory W. Carter
- The Jackson Laboratory for Mammalian GeneticsBar HarborMaineUSA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and EngineeringUniversity of MaineOronoMaineUSA
- Neuroscience Program, Graduate School of Biomedical ScienceTufts University School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Genetics Program, Graduate School of Biomedical ScienceTufts University School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Kristen M. S. O'Connell
- The Jackson Laboratory for Mammalian GeneticsBar HarborMaineUSA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and EngineeringUniversity of MaineOronoMaineUSA
- Neuroscience Program, Graduate School of Biomedical ScienceTufts University School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Genetics Program, Graduate School of Biomedical ScienceTufts University School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Catherine C. Kaczorowski
- The Jackson Laboratory for Mammalian GeneticsBar HarborMaineUSA
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
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9
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Wang Y, Jiang R, Li M, Wang Z, Yang Y, Sun L. Characteristics of T Cells in Single-Cell Datasets of Peripheral Blood and Cerebrospinal Fluid in Alzheimer's Disease Patients. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 99:S265-S280. [PMID: 38043012 PMCID: PMC11091562 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
Background Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia, causing a huge socioeconomic burden. In parallel with the widespread uptake of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technology, there has been a rapid accumulation of data produced by researching AD at single-cell resolution, which is more conductive to explore the neuroimmune-related mechanism of AD. Objective To explore the potential features of T cells in the peripheral blood and cerebrospinal fluid of AD patients. Methods Two datasets, GSE181279 and GSE134578, were integrated from GEO database. Seurat, Monocle, CellChat, scRepertoire, and singleR packages were mainly employed for data analysis. Results Our analysis demonstrated that in peripheral blood, T cells were significantly expanded, and these expanded T cells were possessed effector function, such as CD8+TEMRA, CD4+TEMRA, and CD8+TEM. Interestingly, CD8+TEMRA and CD4+TEMRA cells positioned adjacently after dimensions reduction and clustering. Notably, we identified that the expanded T cells were developed from Naïve T cells and TCM cells, and TEM cells was in the intermediate state of this developing process. Additionally, in cerebrospinal fluid of AD patients, the amplified T cells were mainly CD8+TEMRA cells, and the number and strength of communication between CD4+TEM, CD8+TEM, and CD8+TEMRA were decreased in AD patients. Conclusions Our comprehensive analyses identified the cells in cerebrospinal fluid from AD patients are expanded TEMRA or TEM cells and the TEMRA cells communicating with other immune cells is weakened, which may be an important immune feature that leads to AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongchun Wang
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Department of Neurology, Cognitive Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Richeng Jiang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Mingxi Li
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Department of Neurology, Cognitive Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zicheng Wang
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Department of Neurology, Cognitive Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yu Yang
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Department of Neurology, Cognitive Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Department of Neurology, Cognitive Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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10
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Georgieva-Kotetarova M, Kandilarov I, Vilmosh N, Zlatanova H, Yanchev N, Delev D, Dermendzhiev T, Murdjeva M, Kostadinova I, Kostadinov I. Cannabidiol improves memory and decreases IL-1β serum levels in rats with lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation. Folia Med (Plovdiv) 2023; 65:940-949. [PMID: 38351784 DOI: 10.3897/folmed.65.e107259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
AIM Memory improving and anti-inflammatory properties of cannabidiol (CBD) were investigated in an experimental model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Delian Delev
- Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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11
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Kim JH, Suk K. Unexpected role of complement component 8 gamma chain in the inflamed brain. Neural Regen Res 2023; 18:2655-2656. [PMID: 37449608 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.373706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Heon Kim
- Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoungho Suk
- Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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12
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Harrington EE, Graham-Engeland JE, Sliwinski MJ, Van Bogart K, Mogle JA, Katz MJ, Lipton RB, Engeland CG. Older adults' self-reported prospective memory lapses in everyday life: Connections to inflammation and gender. J Psychosom Res 2023; 174:111489. [PMID: 37690333 PMCID: PMC10591850 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2023.111489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Limited research has focused on the association between inflammatory markers and features of subjective cognitive functioning among older adults. The present work examined links between inflammation and a specific subjective cognitive report: prospective memory (PM), or our memory for future intentions, such as attending an appointment or taking medication. METHOD We assessed self-reported PM lapses using a two-week ecological momentary assessment (EMA) diary protocol via smartphone as well as levels of blood-based inflammation among 231 dementia-free older adults (70-90 years, 66% women) enrolled in the Einstein Aging Study. RESULTS Overall, PM lapses were largely unrelated to inflammatory markers. However, a significant gender difference was observed in the link between basal levels of interleukin (IL)-8 and PM lapses: higher levels of basal IL-8 were associated with more PM lapses among men (estimate = 0.98, 95%CI: [0.43, 1.53], p < .001) but not women (estimate = -0.03, 95%CI: [-0.45, 0.39], p = .826). No other significant relationships between PM lapses and basal or stimulated (ex vivo) cytokine levels (IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-α]) or C-reactive protein (CRP) emerged. CONCLUSION Elevated levels of IL-8 in older men may possibly be an early indicator of neurodegeneration that relates to PM performance. Future studies should continue to examine PM and inflammation across genders to identify possible mechanisms through which these constructs may indicate neurodegeneration and dementia risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin E Harrington
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; Center for Healthy Aging, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82070, USA.
| | - Jennifer E Graham-Engeland
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; Center for Healthy Aging, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Martin J Sliwinski
- Center for Healthy Aging, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Karina Van Bogart
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | | | - Mindy J Katz
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Richard B Lipton
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Christopher G Engeland
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; Center for Healthy Aging, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; Ross and Carol Nese College of Nursing, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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13
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Cao C, Fu G, Xu R, Li N. Coupling of Alzheimer's Disease Genetic Risk Factors with Viral Susceptibility and Inflammation. Aging Dis 2023:AD.2023.1017. [PMID: 37962454 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.1017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by persistent cognitive decline. Amyloid plaque deposition and neurofibrillary tangles are the main pathological features of AD brain, though mechanisms leading to the formation of lesions remain to be understood. Genetic efforts through genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified dozens of risk genes influencing the pathogenesis and progression of AD, some of which have been revealed in close association with increased viral susceptibilities and abnormal inflammatory responses in AD patients. In the present study, we try to present a list of AD candidate genes that have been shown to affect viral infection and inflammatory responses. Understanding of how AD susceptibility genes interact with the viral life cycle and potential inflammatory pathways would provide possible therapeutic targets for both AD and infectious diseases.
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14
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Li D, Gu W, Xu H, Zhang Z, Zhao C, He C, Zhu X, Li Y. Inflammation in the peripheral blood system of Crohn's Disease. Clin Exp Med 2023; 23:2805-2812. [PMID: 36842094 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-023-01030-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Crohn's disease (CD) is an inflammatory bowel disease that is characterized by chronic inflammation of digestive system and has a nickname "green cancer" because of its sustained alternation of periods of flares and remissions. Here, we investigated the inflammation changes in peripheral blood system of CD patients, which are less reported in China. Peripheral blood samples of 167 CD patients and 30 healthy people, as well as their clinical information, were collected at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University. Flow cytometry was performed to analyze the ratio of CD4 T cells to CD8 T cells. Cytometric Bead Array kit was used to detect the cytokines in peripheral blood in CD patients. Moreover, the expression of inflammasomes was also detected by RT-PCR. The percentage and cell number of lymphocytes in CD patients' peripheral blood system decreased significantly, while monocytes increased remarkably. Interestingly, there was an inversion of the CD4 T cells/CD8 T cells ratio in peripheral blood of CD patients. The levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) increased significantly in CD patients' peripheral blood, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation aggravate inflammatory response. In addition, the expression of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family, pyrin domain-containing 1 (NLRP1) and NLRP3 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of CD patients increased significantly after LPS stimulation. The inflammation in peripheral blood of CD patients had significant changes, including PBMC, cytokines and inflammasomes. These results are helpful to get a deeper understanding of CD and improve the efficiency of diagnosis and treatment in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenyong Gu
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiru Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenhao Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyan He
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 1055 San-Xiang Road, Suzhou, 215004, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueming Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 1055 San-Xiang Road, Suzhou, 215004, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yang Li
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 1055 San-Xiang Road, Suzhou, 215004, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215025, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Cutuli D, Decandia D, Giacovazzo G, Coccurello R. Physical Exercise as Disease-Modifying Alternative against Alzheimer's Disease: A Gut-Muscle-Brain Partnership. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14686. [PMID: 37834132 PMCID: PMC10572207 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common cause of dementia characterized by neurodegenerative dysregulations, cognitive impairments, and neuropsychiatric symptoms. Physical exercise (PE) has emerged as a powerful tool for reducing chronic inflammation, improving overall health, and preventing cognitive decline. The connection between the immune system, gut microbiota (GM), and neuroinflammation highlights the role of the gut-brain axis in maintaining brain health and preventing neurodegenerative diseases. Neglected so far, PE has beneficial effects on microbial composition and diversity, thus providing the potential to alleviate neurological symptoms. There is bidirectional communication between the gut and muscle, with GM diversity modulation and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production affecting muscle metabolism and preservation, and muscle activity/exercise in turn inducing significant changes in GM composition, functionality, diversity, and SCFA production. This gut-muscle and muscle-gut interplay can then modulate cognition. For instance, irisin, an exercise-induced myokine, promotes neuroplasticity and cognitive function through BDNF signaling. Irisin and muscle-generated BDNF may mediate the positive effects of physical activity against some aspects of AD pathophysiology through the interaction of exercise with the gut microbial ecosystem, neural plasticity, anti-inflammatory signaling pathways, and neurogenesis. Understanding gut-muscle-brain interconnections hold promise for developing strategies to promote brain health, fight age-associated cognitive decline, and improve muscle health and longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Cutuli
- Department of Psychology, University of Rome La Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy;
- European Center for Brain Research, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, 00143 Rome, Italy;
| | - Davide Decandia
- Department of Psychology, University of Rome La Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy;
- European Center for Brain Research, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, 00143 Rome, Italy;
| | - Giacomo Giacovazzo
- European Center for Brain Research, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, 00143 Rome, Italy;
- Facoltà di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Teramo (UniTE), 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Roberto Coccurello
- European Center for Brain Research, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, 00143 Rome, Italy;
- Institute for Complex Systems (ISC), National Council of Research (CNR), 00185 Rome, Italy
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16
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Wang J, Zhou F, Xiong CE, Wang GP, Chen LW, Zhang YT, Qi SG, Wang ZH, Mei C, Xu YJ, Zhan JB, Cheng J. Serum sirtuin1: a potential blood biomarker for early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:9464-9478. [PMID: 37742223 PMCID: PMC10564418 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sirtuin 1, a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent deacetylase that is highly expressed in the hippocampus and anterior cortex tissues related to Alzheimer's Disease pathology, can cross the blood-brain barrier and is a promising biomarker. METHODS A 1:1:1 case-control study was conducted and serum fasting blood glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, SIRT1, IL-6, Aβ1-42, T-tau and P-tau-181 levels were evaluated in blood samples of 26 patients form the Alzheimer's Disease group, 26 patients form the mild cognitive impairment group, and 26 individuals form the normal control group. Receiver operator characteristic curves were used to evaluate the diagnostic significance. RESULTS Serum SIRT1 level was significantly down-regulated in the mild cognitive impairment patients and Alzheimer's Disease patients compared with that in the normal control group (P<0.05). ROC curve analysis demonstrated that SIRT1 was a promising biomarker to distinguish Alzheimer's Disease patients from the mild cognitive impairment patients and the normal control group. In addition, SIRT1 was estimated to perform well in the diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease ([AUC] = 0.742). CONCLUSIONS In summary, the present study suggested that serum SIRT1 might be an early promising diagnostic biomarker for Alzheimer's Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Wang
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, Hubei, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, Hubei, China
| | - Fang Zhou
- Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, China
| | - Chang-E Xiong
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, Hubei, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, Hubei, China
| | - Gui-Ping Wang
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, Hubei, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, Hubei, China
| | - Lin-Wanyue Chen
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, Hubei, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, Hubei, China
| | - Yu-Tong Zhang
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Shi-Ge Qi
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Zhi-Hui Wang
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Can Mei
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, Hubei, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, Hubei, China
| | - Yu-Jia Xu
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, Hubei, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, Hubei, China
| | - Jian-Bo Zhan
- Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, China
| | - Jing Cheng
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, Hubei, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, Hubei, China
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17
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de la Monte SM, Tong M, Hapel AJ. Concordant and Discordant Cerebrospinal Fluid and Plasma Cytokine and Chemokine Responses in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Early-Stage Alzheimer's Disease. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2394. [PMID: 37760836 PMCID: PMC10525668 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation may be a pathogenic mediator and biomarker of neurodegeneration at the boundary between mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and early-stage Alzheimer's disease (AD). Whether neuroinflammatory processes are endogenous to the central nervous system (CNS) or originate from systemic (peripheral blood) sources could impact strategies for therapeutic intervention. To address this issue, we measured cytokine and chemokine immunoreactivities in simultaneously obtained lumbar puncture cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum samples from 39 patients including 18 with MCI or early AD and 21 normal controls using a 27-plex XMAP bead-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The MCI/AD combined group had significant (p < 0.05 or better) or statistically trend-wise (0.05 ≤ p ≤ 0.10) concordant increases in CSF and serum IL-4, IL-5, IL-9, IL-13, and TNF-α and reductions in GM-CSF, b-FGF, IL-6, IP-10, and MCP-1; CSF-only increases in IFN-y and IL-7 and reductions in VEGF and IL-12p70; serum-only increases in IL-1β, MIP-1α, and eotaxin and reductions in G-CSF, IL-2, IL-8 and IL-15; and discordant CSF-serum responses with reduced CSF and increased serum PDGF-bb, IL-17a, and RANTES. The results demonstrate simultaneously parallel mixed but modestly greater pro-inflammatory compared to anti-inflammatory or neuroprotective responses in CSF and serum. In addition, the findings show evidence that several cytokines and chemokines are selectively altered in MCI/AD CSF, likely corresponding to distinct neuroinflammatory responses unrelated to systemic pathologies. The aggregate results suggest that early management of MCI/AD neuroinflammation should include both anti-inflammatory and pro-neuroprotective strategies to help prevent disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne M. de la Monte
- Departments of Pathology (Neuropathology), Neurology, and Neurosurgery, Rhode Island Hospital, The Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, The Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA;
| | - Ming Tong
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, The Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA;
| | - Andrew J. Hapel
- Department of Genome Biology, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra 2601, Australia;
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18
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Dileepan KN, Raveendran VV, Sharma R, Abraham H, Barua R, Singh V, Sharma R, Sharma M. Mast cell-mediated immune regulation in health and disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1213320. [PMID: 37663654 PMCID: PMC10470157 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1213320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mast cells are important components of the immune system, and they perform pro-inflammatory as well as anti-inflammatory roles in the complex process of immune regulation in health and disease. Because of their strategic perivascular localization, sensitivity and adaptability to the microenvironment, and ability to release a variety of preformed and newly synthesized effector molecules, mast cells perform unique functions in almost all organs. Additionally, Mast cells express a wide range of surface and cytoplasmic receptors which enable them to respond to a variety of cytokines, chemicals, and pathogens. The mast cell's role as a cellular interface between external and internal environments as well as between vasculature and tissues is critical for protection and repair. Mast cell interactions with different immune and nonimmune cells through secreted inflammatory mediators may also turn in favor of disease promoting agents. First and forefront, mast cells are well recognized for their multifaceted functions in allergic diseases. Reciprocal communication between mast cells and endothelial cells in the presence of bacterial toxins in chronic/sub-clinical infections induce persistent vascular inflammation. We have shown that mast cell proteases and histamine induce endothelial inflammatory responses that are synergistically amplified by bacterial toxins. Mast cells have been shown to exacerbate vascular changes in normal states as well as in chronic or subclinical infections, particularly among cigarette smokers. Furthermore, a potential role of mast cells in SARS-CoV-2-induced dysfunction of the capillary-alveolar interface adds to the growing understanding of mast cells in viral infections. The interaction between mast cells and microglial cells in the brain further highlights their significance in neuroinflammation. This review highlights the significant role of mast cells as the interface that acts as sensor and early responder through interactions with cells in systemic organs and the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kottarappat N. Dileepan
- Division of Allergy, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Vineesh V. Raveendran
- Division of Allergy, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Rishi Sharma
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Kansas City, MO, United States
| | - Harita Abraham
- Division of Allergy, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Rajat Barua
- Cardiology Section, Kansas City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, United States
| | - Vikas Singh
- Neurology Section, Kansas City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, United States
| | - Ram Sharma
- Research and Development Service, Kansas City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, United States
| | - Mukut Sharma
- Research and Development Service, Kansas City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, United States
- Midwest Veterans’ Biomedical Research Foundation (MVBRF), Kansas City VA Medical Center, Kansas, MO, United States
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19
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Na H, Shin KY, Lee D, Yoon C, Han SH, Park JC, Mook-Jung I, Jang J, Kwon S. The QPLEX™ Plus Assay Kit for the Early Clinical Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11119. [PMID: 37446296 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
We recently developed a multiplex diagnostic kit, QPLEX™ Alz plus assay kit, which captures amyloid-β1-40, galectin-3 binding protein, angiotensin-converting enzyme, and periostin simultaneously using microliters of peripheral blood and utilizes an optimized algorithm for screening Alzheimer's disease (AD) by correlating with cerebral amyloid deposition. Owing to the demand for early AD detection, we investigate the potential of our kit for the early clinical diagnosis of AD. A total of 1395 participants were recruited, and their blood samples were analyzed with the QPLEX™ kit. The average of QPLEX™ algorithm values in each group increased gradually in the order of the clinical progression continuum of AD: cognitively normal (0.382 ± 0.150), subjective cognitive decline (0.452 ± 0.130), mild cognitive impairment (0.484 ± 0.129), and AD (0.513 ± 0.136). The algorithm values between each group showed statistically significant differences among groups divided by Mini-Mental State Examination and Clinical Dementia Rating. The QPLEX™ algorithm values could be used to distinguish the clinical continuum of AD or cognitive function. Because blood-based diagnosis is more accessible, convenient, and cost- and time-effective than cerebral spinal fluid or positron emission tomography imaging-based diagnosis, the QPLEX™ kit can potentially be used for health checkups and the early clinical diagnosis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hunjong Na
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- QuantaMatrix Inc., Seoul 08506, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Young Shin
- Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dokyung Lee
- QuantaMatrix Inc., Seoul 08506, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Sun-Ho Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Medical Research Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- SNU Dementia Research Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Chan Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Medical Research Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- SNU Dementia Research Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Inhee Mook-Jung
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Medical Research Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- SNU Dementia Research Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisung Jang
- QuantaMatrix Inc., Seoul 08506, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghoon Kwon
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- QuantaMatrix Inc., Seoul 08506, Republic of Korea
- Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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20
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Zhang Y, Chen H, Li R, Sterling K, Song W. Amyloid β-based therapy for Alzheimer's disease: challenges, successes and future. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:248. [PMID: 37386015 PMCID: PMC10310781 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01484-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 73.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyloid β protein (Aβ) is the main component of neuritic plaques in Alzheimer's disease (AD), and its accumulation has been considered as the molecular driver of Alzheimer's pathogenesis and progression. Aβ has been the prime target for the development of AD therapy. However, the repeated failures of Aβ-targeted clinical trials have cast considerable doubt on the amyloid cascade hypothesis and whether the development of Alzheimer's drug has followed the correct course. However, the recent successes of Aβ targeted trials have assuaged those doubts. In this review, we discussed the evolution of the amyloid cascade hypothesis over the last 30 years and summarized its application in Alzheimer's diagnosis and modification. In particular, we extensively discussed the pitfalls, promises and important unanswered questions regarding the current anti-Aβ therapy, as well as strategies for further study and development of more feasible Aβ-targeted approaches in the optimization of AD prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Huaqiu Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Keenan Sterling
- Townsend Family Laboratories, Department of Psychiatry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Weihong Song
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Townsend Family Laboratories, Department of Psychiatry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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21
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Flores-Contreras EA, Araújo RG, Rodríguez-Aguayo AA, Guzmán-Román M, García-Venegas JC, Nájera-Martínez EF, Sosa-Hernández JE, Iqbal HMN, Melchor-Martínez EM, Parra-Saldivar R. Polysaccharides from the Sargassum and Brown Algae Genus: Extraction, Purification, and Their Potential Therapeutic Applications. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2445. [PMID: 37447006 DOI: 10.3390/plants12132445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Brown macroalgae represent one of the most proliferative groups of living organisms in aquatic environments. Due to their abundance, they often cause problems in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, resulting in health problems in humans and the death of various aquatic species. To resolve this, the application of Sargassum has been sought in different research areas, such as food, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics, since Sargassum is an easy target for study and simple to obtain. In addition, its high content of biocompounds, such as polysaccharides, phenols, and amino acids, among others, has attracted attention. One of the valuable components of brown macroalgae is their polysaccharides, which present interesting bioactivities, such as antiviral, antimicrobial, and antitumoral, among others. There is a wide variety of methods of extraction currently used to obtain these polysaccharides, such as supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), pressurized liquid extraction (PLE), subcritical water extraction (SCWE), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE), and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE). Therefore, this work covers the most current information on the methods of extraction, as well as the purification used to obtain a polysaccharide from Sargassum that is able to be utilized as alginates, fucoidans, and laminarins. In addition, a compilation of bioactivities involving brown algae polysaccharides in in vivo and in vitro studies is also presented, along with challenges in the research and marketing of Sargassum-based products that are commercially available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elda A Flores-Contreras
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
| | - Rafael G Araújo
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
| | | | - Muriel Guzmán-Román
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
| | | | - Erik Francisco Nájera-Martínez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
| | - Juan Eduardo Sosa-Hernández
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
| | - Hafiz M N Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
| | - Elda M Melchor-Martínez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
| | - Roberto Parra-Saldivar
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
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22
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Cyr B, de Rivero Vaccari JP. Sex Differences in the Inflammatory Profile in the Brain of Young and Aged Mice. Cells 2023; 12:1372. [PMID: 37408205 DOI: 10.3390/cells12101372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are a leading cause of death worldwide with no cures identified. Thus, there is a critical need for preventative measures and treatments as the number of patients is expected to increase. Many neurodegenerative diseases have sex-biased prevalence, indicating a need to examine sex differences when investigating prevention and treatment strategies. Inflammation is a key contributor to many neurodegenerative diseases and is a promising target for prevention since inflammation increases with age, which is known as inflammaging. Here, we analyzed the protein expression levels of cytokines, chemokines, and inflammasome signaling proteins in the cortex of young and aged male and female mice. Our results show an increase in caspase-1, interleukin (IL)-1β, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC), and ASC specks in females compared to males. Additionally, there was an increase in IL-1α, VEGF-A, CCL3, CXCL1, CCL4, CCL17, and CCL22 in aging females and an increase in IL-8, IL-17a, IL-7, LT-α, and CCL22 in aging males. IL-12/IL-23p40, CCL13, and IL-10 were increased in females compared to males but not with age. These results indicate that there are sex differences in cortical inflammaging and provide potential targets to attenuate inflammation to prevent the development of neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna Cyr
- Department of Neurological Surgery and The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Juan Pablo de Rivero Vaccari
- Department of Neurological Surgery and The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience and Aging, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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23
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Wu CY, Ho CY, Yang YH. Developing Biomarkers for the Skin: Biomarkers for the Diagnosis and Prediction of Treatment Outcomes of Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108478. [PMID: 37239825 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by memory decline and cognitive impairment. Research on biomarkers can aid in early diagnosis, monitoring disease progression, evaluating treatment efficacy, and advancing fundamental research. We conducted a cross-sectional longitudinal study to see if there is an association between AD patients and age-matched healthy controls for their physiologic skin characteristics, such as pH, hydration, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), elasticity, microcirculation, and ApoE genotyping. The study used the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Clinical Dementia Rating-Sum of the Boxes (CDR-SB) scales as references to quantify the presence of disease, if any. Our findings demonstrate that AD patients have a dominantly neutral pH, greater skin hydration, and less elasticity compared to the control subjects. At baseline, the tortuous capillary percentage negatively correlated with MMSE scores in AD patients. However, AD patients who carry the ApoE E4 allele and exhibit a high percentage of tortuous capillaries and capillary tortuous numbers have shown better treatment outcomes at six months. Therefore, we believe that physiologic skin testing is a rapid and effective way to screen, monitor progression, and ultimately guide the most appropriate treatment for AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Ying Wu
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine and Post Baccalaureat Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Cosmetic Science, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yi Ho
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine and Post Baccalaureat Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Han Yang
- Department of Neurology, College of Post Baccalaureat Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
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24
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Whitehouse C, Corbett N, Brownlees J. 3D models of neurodegeneration: implementation in drug discovery. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2023; 44:208-221. [PMID: 36822950 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2023.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
A lack of in vitro models that robustly represent the complex cellular pathologies underlying neurodegeneration has resulted in a translational gap between in vitro and in vivo results, creating a bottleneck in the development of new therapeutics. In the past decade, new and complex 3D models of the brain have been published at an exponential rate. However, many novel 3D models of neurodegeneration overlook the validation and throughput requirements for implementation in drug discovery. This therefore represents a knowledge gap that could hinder the translation of these models to drug discovery efforts. We review the recent progress in the development of 3D models of neurodegeneration, examining model design benefits and validation techniques, and discuss opportunities and standards for 3D models of neurodegeneration to be implemented in drug discovery and development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicola Corbett
- MSD R&D Innovation Centre, 120 Moorgate, London EC2M 6UR, UK
| | - Janet Brownlees
- MSD R&D Innovation Centre, 120 Moorgate, London EC2M 6UR, UK
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25
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Twarowski B, Herbet M. Inflammatory Processes in Alzheimer's Disease-Pathomechanism, Diagnosis and Treatment: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:6518. [PMID: 37047492 PMCID: PMC10095343 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is one of the most commonly diagnosed cases of senile dementia in the world. It is an incurable process, most often leading to death. This disease is multifactorial, and one factor of this is inflammation. Numerous mediators secreted by inflammatory cells can cause neuronal degeneration. Neuritis may coexist with other mechanisms of Alzheimer's disease, contributing to disease progression, and may also directly underlie AD. Although much has been established about the inflammatory processes in the pathogenesis of AD, many aspects remain unexplained. The work is devoted in particular to the pathomechanism of inflammation and its role in diagnosis and treatment. An in-depth and detailed understanding of the pathomechanism of neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease may help in the development of diagnostic methods for early diagnosis and may contribute to the development of new therapeutic strategies for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mariola Herbet
- Chair and Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8b Street, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
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26
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Tio ES, Hohman TJ, Milic M, Bennett DA, Felsky D. Testing a polygenic risk score for morphological microglial activation in Alzheimer's disease and aging. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.03.10.23287119. [PMID: 36993775 PMCID: PMC10055438 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.10.23287119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation and the activation of microglial cells are among the earliest events in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, direct observation of microglia in living people is not currently possible. Here, we indexed the heritable propensity for neuroinflammation with polygenic risk scores (PRS), using results from a recent genome-wide analysis of a validated post-mortem measure of morphological microglial activation. We sought to determine whether a PRS for microglial activation (PRS mic ) could augment the predictive performance of existing AD PRSs for late-life cognitive impairment. First, PRS mic were calculated and optimized in a calibration cohort (Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI), n=450), with resampling. Second, predictive performance of optimal PRS mic was assessed in two independent, population-based cohorts (total n=212,237). Our PRS mic showed no significant improvement in predictive power for either AD diagnosis or cognitive performance. Finally, we explored associations of PRS mic with a comprehensive set of imaging and fluid AD biomarkers in ADNI. This revealed some nominal associations, but with inconsistent effect directions. While genetic scores capable of indexing risk for neuroinflammatory processes in aging are highly desirable, more well-powered genome-wide studies of microglial activation are required. Further, biobank-scale studies would benefit from phenotyping of proximal neuroinflammatory processes to improve the PRS development phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Earvin S. Tio
- Krembil Centre for Neuroinformatics, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, CANADA
- Institute of Medical Science, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, CANADA
| | - Timothy J. Hohman
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer’s Centre, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Milos Milic
- Krembil Centre for Neuroinformatics, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, CANADA
| | - David A. Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL., USA
| | - Daniel Felsky
- Krembil Centre for Neuroinformatics, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, CANADA
- Institute of Medical Science, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, CANADA
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, CANADA
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, CANADA
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27
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Zorkina Y, Abramova O, Ushakova V, Andreyuk D, Andriushchenko N, Pavlov K, Savilov V, Soloveva K, Kurmishev M, Syunyakov T, Karpenko O, Andryushchenko A, Gurina O, Kostyuk G, Morozova A. Inflammatory biomarkers and lipid metabolism parameters in women with mild cognitive impairment and dementia. Women Health 2023; 63:285-295. [PMID: 36882933 DOI: 10.1080/03630242.2023.2185750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
The detection of specific markers of dementia and mild cognitive decline (MCI) could be the key to disease prevention and forehanded treatment. Female gender is one of the major risk factor for dementia. The aim of our study was to compare serum concentration of some factors related to lipid metabolism and the immune system in patients with MCI and dementia. The study was performed on women >65 years old: controls (n = 75), diagnosed with dementia (n = 73) and MCI (n = 142). Patients were evaluated using Mini-Mental State Examination, Clock Drawing Test and Montreal Cognitive Assessment scales in the period 2020-2021. The level of Apo A1 and HDL was significantly decreased in patients with dementia; the level of Apo A1 was also decreased in MCI. EGF, eotaxin-1, GRO-α, and IP-10 were elevated in patients with dementia compared to the controls. IL-8, MIP-1β, sCD40L, and TNF-α levels were decreased in MCI patients and increased in patients with dementia compared to the control. Serum VEGF levels were decreased in MCI and dementia patients in comparison with the control. We hypothesize that no single marker can indicate a neurodegenerative process. Future research should focus on identifying markers to determine possible diagnostic combinations that can reliably predict neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yana Zorkina
- Research Centre for Neuropsychiatry, Mental-Health Clinic No. 1 named after N.A. Alekseev, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Abramova
- Research Centre for Neuropsychiatry, Mental-Health Clinic No. 1 named after N.A. Alekseev, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Valeria Ushakova
- Research Centre for Neuropsychiatry, Mental-Health Clinic No. 1 named after N.A. Alekseev, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Denis Andreyuk
- Research Centre for Neuropsychiatry, Mental-Health Clinic No. 1 named after N.A. Alekseev, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nika Andriushchenko
- Department of Biology, Shenzhen MSU-BIT University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Konstantin Pavlov
- Department of Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Victor Savilov
- Research Centre for Neuropsychiatry, Mental-Health Clinic No. 1 named after N.A. Alekseev, Moscow, Russia
| | - Kristina Soloveva
- Research Centre for Neuropsychiatry, Mental-Health Clinic No. 1 named after N.A. Alekseev, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marat Kurmishev
- Research Centre for Neuropsychiatry, Mental-Health Clinic No. 1 named after N.A. Alekseev, Moscow, Russia
| | - Timur Syunyakov
- Research Centre for Neuropsychiatry, Mental-Health Clinic No. 1 named after N.A. Alekseev, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Karpenko
- Research Centre for Neuropsychiatry, Mental-Health Clinic No. 1 named after N.A. Alekseev, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alisa Andryushchenko
- Research Centre for Neuropsychiatry, Mental-Health Clinic No. 1 named after N.A. Alekseev, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Gurina
- Department of Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Georgiy Kostyuk
- Research Centre for Neuropsychiatry, Mental-Health Clinic No. 1 named after N.A. Alekseev, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Morozova
- Research Centre for Neuropsychiatry, Mental-Health Clinic No. 1 named after N.A. Alekseev, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, Moscow, Russia
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28
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Said-Sadier N, Sayegh B, Farah R, Abbas LA, Dweik R, Tang N, Ojcius DM. Association between Periodontal Disease and Cognitive Impairment in Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4707. [PMID: 36981618 PMCID: PMC10049038 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20064707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Periodontitis is a severe oral infection that can contribute to systemic inflammation. A large body of evidence suggests a role for systemic inflammation in the initiation of neurodegenerative disease. This systematic review synthesized data from observational studies to investigate the association between periodontitis and neuroinflammation in adults. METHODS AND MATERIALS A systematic literature search of PubMed, Web of Science, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) was performed for studies published from the date of inception up to September 2021. Search terms for the exposure "oral disease" and outcome "dementia", "neuroinflammation" and "cognitive decline" were used. Study selection and data extraction were independently undertaken by two reviewers. The final eligible articles were included only if the exposure is periodontitis and the outcome is cognitive impairment or dementia or a topic related to this condition, and if the study was conducted in an adult population. The quality and risk of bias were assessed by Newcastle Ottawa Scale (NOS). Qualitative synthesis was used to narratively synthesize the results. Six cohort studies, three cross-sectional studies, and two case-control studies met the inclusion criteria. These eleven studies were only narratively synthesized. Meta-analysis was not performed due to the methodological heterogeneity of the studies. RESULTS The results of included studies show that chronic periodontitis patients with at least eight years of exposure are at higher risk of developing cognitive decline and dementia. Oral health measures such as gingival inflammation, attachment loss, probing depth, bleeding on probing, and alveolar bone loss are associated with cognitive impairment. The reduction of epidermal growth factor (EGF), interleukin 8 (IL-8), interferon γ-induced protein 10 (IP-10), and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in addition to over expression of interleukin 1-β (IL-1β) are significant in patients suffering from cognitive decline with pre-existing severe periodontitis. CONCLUSIONS All the included studies show evidence of an association between periodontitis and cognitive impairment or dementia and Alzheimer's disease pathology. Nonetheless, the mechanisms responsible for the association between periodontitis and dementia are still unclear and warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najwane Said-Sadier
- College of Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi 59911, United Arab Emirates
| | - Batoul Sayegh
- Neuroscience Research Center (NRC), Lebanese University, Beirut 1533, Lebanon
| | - Raymond Farah
- Neuroscience Research Center (NRC), Lebanese University, Beirut 1533, Lebanon
| | - Linda Abou Abbas
- Neuroscience Research Center (NRC), Lebanese University, Beirut 1533, Lebanon
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d’Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut 1103, Lebanon
| | - Rania Dweik
- College of Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi 59911, United Arab Emirates
| | - Norina Tang
- Department of Periodontics, University of the Pacific, San Francisco, CA 94103, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
- Arthur Dugoni School of Dentistry, University of the Pacific, San Francisco, CA 94103, USA
| | - David M. Ojcius
- Arthur Dugoni School of Dentistry, University of the Pacific, San Francisco, CA 94103, USA
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29
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Advanced Overview of Biomarkers and Techniques for Early Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023:10.1007/s10571-023-01330-y. [PMID: 36847930 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-023-01330-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
The development of early non-invasive diagnosis methods and identification of novel biomarkers are necessary for managing Alzheimer's disease (AD) and facilitating effective prognosis and treatment. AD has multi-factorial nature and involves complex molecular mechanism, which causes neuronal degeneration. The primary challenges in early AD detection include patient heterogeneity and lack of precise diagnosis at the preclinical stage. Several cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood biomarkers have been proposed to show excellent diagnosis ability by identifying tau pathology and cerebral amyloid beta (Aβ) for AD. Intense research endeavors are being made to develop ultrasensitive detection techniques and find potent biomarkers for early AD diagnosis. To mitigate AD worldwide, understanding various CSF biomarkers, blood biomarkers, and techniques that can be used for early diagnosis is imperative. This review attempts to provide information regarding AD pathophysiology, genetic and non-genetic factors associated with AD, several potential blood and CSF biomarkers, like neurofilament light, neurogranin, Aβ, and tau, along with biomarkers under development for AD detection. Besides, numerous techniques, such as neuroimaging, spectroscopic techniques, biosensors, and neuroproteomics, which are being explored to aid early AD detection, have been discussed. The insights thus gained would help in finding potential biomarkers and suitable techniques for the accurate diagnosis of early AD before cognitive dysfunction.
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Ezkurdia A, Ramírez MJ, Solas M. Metabolic Syndrome as a Risk Factor for Alzheimer's Disease: A Focus on Insulin Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054354. [PMID: 36901787 PMCID: PMC10001958 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the main type of dementia and is a disease with a profound socioeconomic burden due to the lack of effective treatment. In addition to genetics and environmental factors, AD is highly associated with metabolic syndrome, defined as the combination of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Among these risk factors, the connection between AD and T2DM has been deeply studied. It has been suggested that the mechanism linking both conditions is insulin resistance. Insulin is an important hormone that regulates not only peripheral energy homeostasis but also brain functions, such as cognition. Insulin desensitization, therefore, could impact normal brain function increasing the risk of developing neurodegenerative disorders in later life. Paradoxically, it has been demonstrated that decreased neuronal insulin signalling can also have a protective role in aging and protein-aggregation-associated diseases, as is the case in AD. This controversy is fed by studies focused on neuronal insulin signalling. However, the role of insulin action on other brain cell types, such as astrocytes, is still unexplored. Therefore, it is worthwhile exploring the involvement of the astrocytic insulin receptor in cognition, as well as in the onset and/or development of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaia Ezkurdia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- IdISNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - María J. Ramírez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- IdISNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Maite Solas
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- IdISNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Correspondence:
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Amin AM, Mostafa H, Khojah HMJ. Insulin resistance in Alzheimer's disease: The genetics and metabolomics links. Clin Chim Acta 2023; 539:215-236. [PMID: 36566957 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2022.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease with significant socioeconomic burden worldwide. Although genetics and environmental factors play a role, AD is highly associated with insulin resistance (IR) disorders such as metabolic syndrome (MS), obesity, and type two diabetes mellitus (T2DM). These findings highlight a shared pathogenesis. The use of metabolomics as a downstream systems' biology (omics) approach can help to identify these shared metabolic traits and assist in the early identification of at-risk groups and potentially guide therapy. Targeting the shared AD-IR metabolic trait with lifestyle interventions and pharmacological treatments may offer promising AD therapeutic approach. In this narrative review, we reviewed the literature on the AD-IR pathogenic link, the shared genetics and metabolomics biomarkers between AD and IR disorders, as well as the lifestyle interventions and pharmacological treatments which target this pathogenic link.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arwa M Amin
- Department of Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Hamza Mostafa
- Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomics Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, Food Innovation Network (XIA), Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA), Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Hani M J Khojah
- Department of Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
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Grobler C, van Tongeren M, Gettemans J, Kell DB, Pretorius E. Alzheimer's Disease: A Systems View Provides a Unifying Explanation of Its Development. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 91:43-70. [PMID: 36442193 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a debilitating neurodegenerative disorder affecting 50 million people globally. It is characterized by the presence of extracellular senile plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles, consisting of amyloid-β and hyperphosphorylated tau proteins, respectively. Despite global research efforts, there is currently no cure available, due in part to an incomplete understanding of the disease pathogenesis. Numerous possible mechanisms, or hypotheses, explaining the origins of sporadic or late-onset AD have been proposed, including the amyloid-β, inflammatory, vascular, and infectious hypotheses. However, despite ample evidence, the failure of multiple trial drugs at the clinical stage illuminates the possible pitfalls of these hypotheses. Systems biology is a strategy which aims to elucidate the interactions between parts of a whole. Using this approach, the current paper shows how the four previously mentioned hypotheses of AD pathogenesis can be intricately connected. This approach allows for seemingly contradictory evidence to be unified in a system-focused explanation of sporadic AD development. Within this view, it is seen that infectious agents, such as P. gingivalis, may play a central role. The data presented here shows that when present, P. gingivalis or its virulence factors, such as gingipains, may induce or exacerbate pathologies underlying sporadic AD. This evidence supports the view that infectious agents, and specifically P. gingivalis, may be suitable treatment targets in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corlia Grobler
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Marvi van Tongeren
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jan Gettemans
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Douglas B Kell
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa.,Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,The Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Etheresia Pretorius
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa.,Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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Karima S, Aghamollaii V, Mahmoodi Baram S, Balenci L, Lanctôt KL, Kiss A, Tafakhori A, Mahdavi M, Rajaei S, Shateri S, Yarhoseini A, Mokhtari F, Fotouhi A, Riazi A. Boswellic Acids Improve Clinical Cognitive Scores and Reduce Systemic Inflammation in Patients with Mild to Moderate Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 94:359-370. [PMID: 37248896 DOI: 10.3233/jad-221026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent therapeutic approaches for Alzheimer's disease (AD) have had limited success. Considering the association of neuroinflammation with AD symptoms as demonstrated in multiple studies, assessment of the clinical efficacy of molecules that reduce systemic or brain inflammation is warranted. OBJECTIVE This clinical trial assessed whether boswellic acids can improve cognitive and neuropsychiatric symptoms while reducing inflammation in AD patients. METHODS A double-blind, placebo-controlled, study was conducted on 85 AD patients randomized to boswellic acids (K-Vie™ as the main ingredient in Memowell™) or placebo for 6 months. Clinical Dementia Rating-Sum of Boxes (CDR-SOB) and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores were compared to baseline and between groups and constituted the co-primary clinical efficacy endpoints. Secondary outcomes included neuropsychiatric assessment (Neuropsychiatric Inventory-Questionnaire, NPI-Q) and assessment of AD and inflammation biomarkers. RESULTS Patients on K-Vie™ showed a 3.1- and 1.6-unit improvement in MMSE and CDR-SOB scores, respectively, when compared to patients on placebo. NPI-Q analysis revealed significant improvement in the K-Vie™ but not in the placebo group. Only mild gastrointestinal side effects were reported in a few patients. Patients on K-Vie™ showed improvement in plasma AD biomarkers and reduction of key inflammatory cytokines including IL-6 and TNF. CONCLUSION Our results support the positive cognitive effects of boswellic acids by reducing the systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Karima
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vajiheh Aghamollaii
- Neurology Department, Roozbeh Psychiatric Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Krista L Lanctôt
- Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Alex Kiss
- Department of Research Design and Biostatistics, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Abbas Tafakhori
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Iranian Center of Neurological Research, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Meisam Mahdavi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shima Rajaei
- Clinical Trial Department, Behbalin Inc., Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh Shateri
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Yarhoseini
- Neurology Department, Roozbeh Psychiatric Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Akbar Fotouhi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Riazi
- Kondor Pharma Inc. Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
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Zhdanova DY, Kovalev VI, Chaplygina AV, Bobkova NV, Poltavtseva RA, Sukhikh GT. YB-1 Protein Prevents Age-Related Decline in Plasma Estradiol in Aging Female 5xFAD Transgenic Mice. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2023. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093023010192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
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Tio ES, Hohman TJ, Milic M, Bennett DA, Felsky D. Testing a Polygenic Risk Score for Morphological Microglial Activation in Alzheimer's Disease and Aging. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 94:1549-1561. [PMID: 37458040 PMCID: PMC11062501 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroinflammation and the activation of microglial cells are among the earliest events in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, direct observation of microglia in living people is not currently possible. Here, we indexed the heritable propensity for neuroinflammation with polygenic risk scores (PRS), using results from a recent genome-wide analysis of a validated post-mortem measure of morphological microglial activation. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine whether a PRS for microglial activation (PRSmic) could augment the predictive performance of existing AD PRSs for late-life cognitive impairment. METHODS First, PRSmic were calculated and optimized in a calibration cohort (Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI), n = 450), with resampling. Second, predictive performance of optimal PRSmic was assessed in two independent, population-based cohorts (total n = 212,237). Finally, we explored associations of PRSmic with a comprehensive set of imaging and fluid AD biomarkers in ADNI. RESULTS Our PRSmic showed no significant improvement in predictive power for either AD diagnosis or cognitive performance in either external cohort. Some nominal associations were found in ADNI, but with inconsistent effect directions. CONCLUSION While genetic scores capable of indexing risk for neuroinflammatory processes in aging are highly desirable, more well-powered genome-wide studies of microglial activation are required. Further, biobank-scale studies would benefit from phenotyping of proximal neuroinflammatory processes to improve the PRS development phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Earvin S. Tio
- Krembil Centre for Neuroinformatics, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, CANADA
- Institute of Medical Science, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, CANADA
| | - Timothy J. Hohman
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer’s Centre, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Milos Milic
- Krembil Centre for Neuroinformatics, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, CANADA
| | - David A. Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL., USA
| | - Daniel Felsky
- Krembil Centre for Neuroinformatics, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, CANADA
- Institute of Medical Science, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, CANADA
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, CANADA
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, CANADA
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Martins GL, Ferreira CN, Palotás A, Rocha NP, Reis HJ. Role of Oxysterols in the Activation of the NLRP3 Inflammasome as a Potential Pharmacological Approach in Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:202-212. [PMID: 35339182 PMCID: PMC10190144 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20666220327215245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most prevalent form of dementia, is a complex clinical condition with multifactorial origin posing a major burden to health care systems across the world. Even though the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the disease are still unclear, both central and peripheral inflammation has been implicated in the process. Piling evidence shows that the nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich repeat and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is activated in AD. As dyslipidemia is a risk factor for dementia, and cholesterol can also activate the inflammasome, a possible link between lipid levels and the NLRP3 inflammasome has been proposed in Alzheimer's. It is also speculated that not only cholesterol but also its metabolites, the oxysterols, may be involved in AD pathology. In this context, mounting data suggest that NLRP3 inflammasome activity can be modulated by different peripheral nuclear receptors, including liver-X receptors, which present oxysterols as endogenous ligands. In light of this, the current review explores whether the activation of NLRP3 by nuclear receptors, mediated by oxysterols, may also be involved in AD and could serve as a potential pharmacological avenue in dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela L. Martins
- Laboratório Neurofarmacologia, Departamento de Farmacologia, ICB-UFMG, Belo Horizonte MG, 31270 - 901, Brazil
| | | | - András Palotás
- Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
- Asklepios Med, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Natália P. Rocha
- Department of Neurology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Helton J. Reis
- Laboratório Neurofarmacologia, Departamento de Farmacologia, ICB-UFMG, Belo Horizonte MG, 31270 - 901, Brazil
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Zhan Y, Al-Nusaif M, Ding C, Zhao L, Dong C. The potential of the gut microbiome for identifying Alzheimer's disease diagnostic biomarkers and future therapies. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1130730. [PMID: 37179559 PMCID: PMC10174259 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1130730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Being isolated from the peripheral system by the blood-brain barrier, the brain has long been considered a completely impervious tissue. However, recent findings show that the gut microbiome (GM) influences gastrointestinal and brain disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Despite several hypotheses, such as neuroinflammation, tau hyperphosphorylation, amyloid plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and oxidative stress, being proposed to explain the origin and progression of AD, the pathogenesis remains incompletely understood. Epigenetic, molecular, and pathological studies suggest that GM influences AD development and have endeavored to find predictive, sensitive, non-invasive, and accurate biomarkers for early disease diagnosis and monitoring of progression. Given the growing interest in the involvement of GM in AD, current research endeavors to identify prospective gut biomarkers for both preclinical and clinical diagnoses, as well as targeted therapy techniques. Here, we discuss the most recent findings on gut changes in AD, microbiome-based biomarkers, prospective clinical diagnostic uses, and targeted therapy approaches. Furthermore, we addressed herbal components, which could provide a new venue for AD diagnostic and therapy research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhan
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Murad Al-Nusaif
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratories for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanism of Neurological Disease, First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Cong Ding
- The Center for Gerontology and Geriatrics, Dalian Friendship Hospital, Dalian, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- *Correspondence: Li Zhao,
| | - Chunbo Dong
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Chunbo Dong,
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Role of pro-inflammatory cytokines in Alzheimer's disease and neuroprotective effects of pegylated self-assembled nanoscaffolds. CURRENT RESEARCH IN PHARMACOLOGY AND DRUG DISCOVERY 2022; 4:100149. [PMID: 36593925 PMCID: PMC9804106 DOI: 10.1016/j.crphar.2022.100149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegeneration and synaptic loss in Alzheimer's disease (AD) lead to impairment in memory functions. Neuroinflammation causes activation of microglia and astrocytes cells that locally and systemically produces inflammatory cytokines which can serve as early diagnostic markers or therapeutic targets in AD. Pro-inflammatory cytokines (Interleukins (IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF α)) levels were estimated in serum, cerebral tissue, hepatic tissue, and renal tissue in treatment groups of scopolamine-induced amnesia mice model using ELISA protocol. The results showed that cerebral tissue of AD mice exhibited elevated levels of IL1β, IL6, IL10 and TNFα which indicate contribution of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the progression of AD. A significant reduction in the concentration of IL1β, IL-10 and TNF-α were noticed in serum, cerebral tissue and hepatic tissue of animal group treated with marketed memantine tablet (Admenta), pure memantine drug (MEMp), memantine-poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) self-assembled nanoscaffolds (MEM-PLGA) SANs, Polyethylene Glycol coated memantine-poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) self-assembled nanoscaffolds [(PEG-MEM-PLGA) SANs] and Polyethylene Glycol coated memantine-poly [(lactic-co-glycolic acid)] self-assembled nanoscaffolds grafted with Bone Marrow Derived Stem Cell ((PEG-MEM-PLGA) SANs-BMSc), whereas a high level of IL-6 was observed in hepatic tissue, cerebral tissue and renal tissues of normal and AD induced mice which showed the emerging potential of IL-6 cytokines that can trigger either neurons survival after injury or causing neurodegeneration and cell apoptosis. The Neuroregenerative potential of stem cells helps in the proliferation of neuronal cell and thus improves cognition in AD animal model.
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Burns S, Selman A, Sehar U, Rawat P, Reddy AP, Reddy PH. Therapeutics of Alzheimer's Disease: Recent Developments. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11122402. [PMID: 36552610 PMCID: PMC9774459 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11122402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
With increasing aging, dementia is a growing public health concern globally. Patients with dementia have multiple psychological and behavioral changes, including depression, anxiety, inappropriate behavior, paranoia, agitation, and hallucinations. The major types of dementia are Alzheimer's disease (AD), vascular dementia (VCID), Lewy body dementia (LBD), frontotemporal dementia (FTD), and mixed dementia (MiAD). Among these, AD is the most common form of dementia in the elderly population. In the last three decades, tremendous progress has been made in understanding AD's biology and disease progression, particularly its molecular basis, biomarker development, and drug discovery. Multiple cellular changes have been implicated in the progression of AD, including amyloid beta, phosphorylated tau, synaptic damage, mitochondrial dysfunction, deregulated microRNAs, inflammatory changes, hormonal deregulation, and others; based on these changes, therapeutic strategies have been developed, which are currently being tested in animal models and human clinical trials. The purpose of our article is to highlight recent therapeutic strategies' developments, critically discuss current strategies' failures, and propose new strategies to combat this devasting mental illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Burns
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Ashley Selman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Ujala Sehar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Priyanka Rawat
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Arubala P. Reddy
- Neurology, Departments of School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - P. Hemachandra Reddy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
- Neurology, Departments of School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
- Public Health Department of Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
- Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, School Health Professions, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
- Nutritional Sciences Department, College of Human Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-806-743-3194; Fax: +1-806-743-2334
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Sanchez-Sanchez JL, Giudici KV, Guyonnet S, Delrieu J, Li Y, Bateman RJ, Parini A, Vellas B, de Souto Barreto P, Vellas B, Guyonnet S, Carrié I, Brigitte L, Faisant C, Lala F, Delrieu J, Villars H, Combrouze E, Badufle C, Zueras A, Andrieu S, Cantet C, Morin C, Van Kan GA, Dupuy C, Rolland Y, Caillaud C, Ousset PJ, Lala F, Willis S, Belleville S, Gilbert B, Fontaine F, Dartigues JF, Marcet I, Delva F, Foubert A, Cerda S, Marie-Noëlle-Cuffi, Costes C, Rouaud O, Manckoundia P, Quipourt V, Marilier S, Franon E, Bories L, Pader ML, Basset MF, Lapoujade B, Faure V, Tong MLY, Malick-Loiseau C, Cazaban-Campistron E, Desclaux F, Blatge C, Dantoine T, Laubarie-Mouret C, Saulnier I, Clément JP, Picat MA, Bernard-Bourzeix L, Willebois S, Désormais I, Cardinaud N, Bonnefoy M, Livet P, Rebaudet P, Gédéon C, Burdet C, Terracol F, Pesce A, Roth S, Chaillou S, Louchart S, Sudres K, Lebrun N, Barro-Belaygues N, Touchon J, Bennys K, Gabelle A, Romano A, Touati L, Marelli C, Pays C, Robert P, Le Duff F, Gervais C, Gonfrier S, Gasnier Y, Bordes S, Begorre D, Carpuat C, Khales K, Lefebvre JF, El Idrissi SM, Skolil P, Salles JP, Dufouil C, Lehéricy S, Chupin M, Mangin JF, Bouhayia A, Allard M, Ricolfi F, Dubois D, Martel MPB, Cotton F, Bonafé A, Chanalet S, Hugon F, Bonneville F, Cognard C, Chollet F, Payoux P, Voisin T, Peiffer S, Hitzel A, Zanca M, Monteil J, Darcourt J, Molinier L, Derumeaux H, Costa N, Perret B, Vinel C, Caspar-Bauguil S, Olivier-Abbal P, Coley N. Plasma MCP-1 and changes on cognitive function in community-dwelling older adults. Alzheimers Res Ther 2022; 14:5. [PMID: 34996522 PMCID: PMC8742409 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-021-00940-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 (MCP-1), a glial-derived chemokine, mediates neuroinflammation and may regulate memory outcomes among older adults. We aimed to explore the associations of plasma MCP-1 levels (alone and in combination with β-amyloid deposition—Aβ42/40) with overall and domain-specific cognitive evolution among older adults. Methods Secondary analyses including 1097 subjects (mean age = 75.3 years ± 4.4; 63.8% women) from the Multidomain Alzheimer Preventive Trial (MAPT). MCP-1 (higher is worse) and Aβ42/40 (lower is worse) were measured in plasma collected at year 1. MCP-1 in continuous and as a dichotomy (values in the highest quartile (MCP-1+)) were used, as well as a dichotomy of Aβ42/40. Outcomes were measured annually over 4 years and included the following: cognitive composite z-score (CCS), the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) sum of boxes (overall cognitive function); composite executive function z-score, composite attention z-score, Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test (FCSRT - memory). Results Plasma MCP-1 as a continuous variable was associated with the worsening of episodic memory over 4 years of follow-up, specifically in measures of free and cued delayed recall. MCP-1+ was associated with worse evolution in the CCS (4-year between-group difference: β = −0.14, 95%CI = −0.26, −0.02) and the CDR sum of boxes (2-year: β = 0.19, 95%CI = 0.06, 0.32). In domain-specific analyses, MCP-1+ was associated with declines in the FCSRT delayed recall sub-domains. In the presence of low Aβ42/40, MCP-1+ was not associated with greater declines in cognitive functions. The interaction with continuous biomarker values Aβ42/40× MCP-1 × time was significant in models with CDR sum of boxes and FCSRT DTR as dependent variables. Conclusions Baseline plasma MCP-1 levels were associated with longitudinal declines in overall cognitive and episodic memory performance in older adults over a 4-year follow-up. How plasma MCP-1 interacts with Aβ42/40 to determine cognitive decline at different stages of cognitive decline/dementia should be clarified by further research. The MCP-1 association on cognitive decline was strongest in those with amyloid plaques, as measured by blood plasma Aβ42/40. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13195-021-00940-2.
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Okutucu M, Arpa M. Evaluation of serum semaphorin 3A and interleukin 6 levels in patients with pseudoexfoliation syndrome. Int Ophthalmol 2022; 43:1995-2002. [DOI: 10.1007/s10792-022-02599-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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Martínez-Iglesias O, Naidoo V, Carrera I, Corzo L, Cacabelos R. Nosustrophine: An Epinutraceutical Bioproduct with Effects on DNA Methylation, Histone Acetylation and Sirtuin Expression in Alzheimer's Disease. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14112447. [PMID: 36432638 PMCID: PMC9698419 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common cause of dementia, causes irreversible memory loss and cognitive deficits. Current AD drugs do not significantly improve cognitive function or cure the disease. Novel bioproducts are promising options for treating a variety of diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders. Targeting the epigenetic apparatus with bioactive compounds (epidrugs) may aid AD prevention treatment. The aims of this study were to determine the composition of a porcine brain-derived extract Nosustrophine, and whether treating young and older trigenic AD mice produced targeted epigenetic and neuroprotective effects against neurodegeneration. Nosustrophine regulated AD-related APOE and PSEN2 gene expression in young and older APP/BIN1/COPS5 mice, inflammation-related (NOS3 and COX-2) gene expression in 3-4-month-old mice only, global (5mC)- and de novo DNA methylation (DNMT3a), HDAC3 expression and HDAC activity in 3-4-month-old mice; and SIRT1 expression and acetylated histone H3 protein levels in 8-9-month-old mice. Mass spectrometric analysis of Nosustrophine extracts revealed the presence of adenosylhomocysteinase, an enzyme implicated in DNA methylation, and nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase, which produces the NAD+ precursor, enhancing SIRT1 activity. Our findings show that Nosustrophine exerts substantial epigenetic effects against AD-related neurodegeneration and establishes Nosustrophine as a novel nutraceutical bioproduct with epigenetic properties (epinutraceutical) that may be therapeutically effective for prevention and early treatment for AD-related neurodegeneration.
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Karshikoff B, Lekander M, Lasselin J. Editorial: Vulnerability and protective factors for inflammation-associated somatoform and mental disorders. Brain Behav Immun 2022; 106:227-230. [PMID: 36055543 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2022.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bianka Karshikoff
- Department of Social Sciences, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway; Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mats Lekander
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Osher Center for Integrative Health, ME Neuroradiologi, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Julie Lasselin
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Osher Center for Integrative Health, ME Neuroradiologi, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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Park JC, Noh J, Jang S, Kim KH, Choi H, Lee D, Kim J, Chung J, Lee DY, Lee Y, Lee H, Yoo DK, Lee AC, Byun MS, Yi D, Han SH, Kwon S, Mook-Jung I. Association of B cell profile and receptor repertoire with the progression of Alzheimer's disease. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111391. [PMID: 36130492 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent type of dementia. Reports have revealed that the peripheral immune system is linked to neuropathology; however, little is known about the contribution of B lymphocytes in AD. For this longitudinal study, 133 participants are included at baseline and second-year follow-up. Also, we analyze B cell receptor (BCR) repertoire data generated from a public dataset of three normal and 10 AD samples and perform BCR repertoire profiling and pairwise sharing analysis. As a result, longitudinal increase in B lymphocytes is associated with increased cerebral amyloid deposition and hyperactivates induced pluripotent stem cell-derived microglia with loss-of-function for beta-amyloid clearance. Patients with AD share similar class-switched BCR sequences with identical isotypes, despite the high somatic hypermutation rate. Thus, BCR repertoire profiling can lead to the development of individualized immune-based therapeutics and treatment. We provide evidence of both quantitative and qualitative changes in B lymphocytes during AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Chan Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Neuroscience Research Institute, Medical Research Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; SNU Dementia Research Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Jinsung Noh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukjin Jang
- Department of Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Hyun Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Hayoung Choi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; SNU Dementia Research Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongjoon Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; SNU Dementia Research Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jieun Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Junho Chung
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Young Lee
- Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Yonghee Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunho Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Duck Kyun Yoo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Amos Chungwon Lee
- Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Soo Byun
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Dahyun Yi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Ho Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Neuroscience Research Institute, Medical Research Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; SNU Dementia Research Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sunghoon Kwon
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; BK21+ Creative Research Engineer Development for IT, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Inhee Mook-Jung
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Neuroscience Research Institute, Medical Research Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; SNU Dementia Research Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea.
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Pak VM, Paul S, Swieboda D, Balthazar MS, Wharton W. Sleep duration and biomarkers of inflammation in African American and white participants with a parental history of Alzheimer's disease. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (NEW YORK, N. Y.) 2022; 8:e12332. [PMID: 36177446 PMCID: PMC9473642 DOI: 10.1002/trc2.12332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Introduction African Americans (AA)s have worse inflammation, worse sleep, and a greater incidence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) compared to whites; however, no studies have examined associations between biomarkers, sleep, and cognition, and differences by race. Methods Seventy-six cognitively normal, middle aged (45-65 years) adults with a parental history of AD were included in this study. Associations between biomarkers (tumor necrosis factor-α [TNF-α], interleukin-10 [IL-10], intercellular adhesion molecule-1 [ICAM-1],, and C-reactive protein [CRP]) and self-reported sleep or cognition measures, were assessed. Results Average sleep duration was significantly lower for AA versus whites (average[SD]) in hours: 6.02(1.18) versus 7.23(0.91), P = .000004). We found a statistically significant association between plasma IL-10 and sleep duration (Spearman's ρ = 0.26, P = .04) and CSF ICAM-1 and sleep quality (Spearman's ρ = 0.30, P = .03). Discussion Longer sleep duration is positively associated with plasma IL-10 levels irrespective of race. Sleep quality was positively associated with CSF ICAM-1 only in African Americans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Monique S. Balthazar
- School of NursingEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA,Byrdine F. Lewis College of Nursing and Health ProfessionsGeorgia State UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Whitney Wharton
- School of NursingEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA,Cognitive Neurology DepartmentEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
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Glial Cell-Mediated Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer’s Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810572. [PMID: 36142483 PMCID: PMC9502483 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder; it is the most common cause of dementia and has no treatment. It is characterized by two pathological hallmarks, the extracellular deposits of amyloid beta (Aβ) and the intraneuronal deposits of Neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). Yet, those two hallmarks do not explain the full pathology seen with AD, suggesting the involvement of other mechanisms. Neuroinflammation could offer another explanation for the progression of the disease. This review provides an overview of recent advances on the role of the immune cells’ microglia and astrocytes in neuroinflammation. In AD, microglia and astrocytes become reactive by several mechanisms leading to the release of proinflammatory cytokines that cause further neuronal damage. We then provide updates on neuroinflammation diagnostic markers and investigational therapeutics currently in clinical trials to target neuroinflammation.
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Trares K, Bhardwaj M, Perna L, Stocker H, Petrera A, Hauck SM, Beyreuther K, Brenner H, Schöttker B. Association of the inflammation-related proteome with dementia development at older age: results from a large, prospective, population-based cohort study. Alzheimers Res Ther 2022; 14:128. [PMID: 36085081 PMCID: PMC9461133 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-022-01063-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Chronic inflammation is a central feature of several forms of dementia. However, few details on the associations of blood-based inflammation-related proteins with dementia incidence have been explored yet. Methods The Olink Target 96 Inflammation panel was measured in baseline serum samples (collected 07/2000–06/2002) of 1782 older adults from a German, population-based cohort study in a case-cohort design. Logistic regression models were used to assess the associations of biomarkers with all-cause dementia, Alzheimer’s disease, and vascular dementia incidence. Results During 17 years of follow-up, 504 participants were diagnosed with dementia, including 163 Alzheimer’s disease and 195 vascular dementia cases. After correction for multiple testing, 58 out of 72 tested (80.6%) biomarkers were statistically significantly associated with all-cause dementia, 22 with Alzheimer’s disease, and 33 with vascular dementia incidence. We identified four biomarker clusters, among which the strongest representatives, CX3CL1, EN-RAGE, LAP TGF-beta-1, and VEGF-A, were significantly associated with dementia endpoints independently from other inflammation-related proteins. CX3CL1 (odds ratio [95% confidence interval] per 1 standard deviation increase: 1.41 [1.24–1.60]) and EN-RAGE (1.41 [1.25–1.60]) were associated with all-cause dementia incidence, EN-RAGE (1.51 [1.25–1.83]) and LAP TGF-beta-1 (1.46 [1.21–1.76]) with Alzheimer’s disease incidence, and VEGF-A (1.43 [1.20–1.70]) with vascular dementia incidence. All named associations were stronger among APOE ε4-negative subjects. Conclusion With this large, population-based cohort study, we show for the first time that the majority of inflammation-related proteins measured in blood samples are associated with total dementia incidence. Future studies should concentrate not only on single biomarkers but also on the complex relationships in biomarker clusters. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13195-022-01063-y.
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Pocevičiūtė D, Nuñez-Diaz C, Roth B, Janelidze S, Giannisis A, Hansson O, Wennström M. Increased plasma and brain immunoglobulin A in Alzheimer’s disease is lost in apolipoprotein E ε4 carriers. Alzheimers Res Ther 2022; 14:117. [PMID: 36008818 PMCID: PMC9414424 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-022-01062-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is foremost characterized by β-amyloid (Aβ)-extracellular plaques, tau-intraneuronal fibrillary tangles (NFT), and neuroinflammation, but over the last years it has become evident that peripheral inflammation might also contribute to the disease. AD patients often demonstrate increased levels of circulating proinflammatory mediators and altered antibody levels in the blood. In our study, we investigated the plasma Immunoglobulin A (IgA) levels in association with apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 status and Aβ pathology. Methods IgA levels in antemortem-collected (cohort I) and postmortem-collected (cohort II) plasma samples from AD patients (n = 30 in cohort I and n = 16 in cohort II) and non-demented age-matched controls (NC) (n = 42 in cohort I and n = 7 in cohort II) were measured using ELISA. Hippocampal sections from cohort II were immunostained against IgA, and the IgA area fraction as well as the number of IgA positive (IgA+) cells in the cornu ammonis region were analysed using ImageJ. The relationship between plasma IgA levels and cognition, C-reactive protein (CRP), and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) AD biomarkers in cohort I as well as neuropathology, IgA+ cell number, and IgA area fraction in cohort II was analysed before and after grouping the cohorts into APOEε4 carriers and APOEε4 non-carriers. Results Plasma IgA levels were higher in AD patients compared to NC in both cohorts. Also, AD patients demonstrated higher IgA area fraction and IgA+ cell number compared to NC. When APOEε4 status was considered, higher plasma IgA levels in AD patients were only seen in APOEε4 non-carriers. Finally, plasma IgA levels, exclusively in APOEε4 non-carriers, were associated with cognition, CRP, and CSF Aβ levels in cohort I as well as with IgA area fraction, IgA+ cell number, and Aβ, Lewy body, and NFT neuropathology in cohort II. Conclusions Our study suggests that AD pathology and cognitive decline are associated with increased plasma IgA levels in an APOE allele-dependent manner, where the associations are lost in APOEε4 carriers. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13195-022-01062-z.
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Decreases of ethanolamine plasmalogen and phosphatidylcholine in erythrocyte are a common phenomenon in Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and coronary artery diseases. Brain Res Bull 2022; 189:5-10. [PMID: 35973579 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Decreased plasma levels of plasmalogens in neurodegenerative diseases have been watched with interest. We previously reported the decreases of erythrocyte ethanolamine plasmalogen (PlsPE) of blood not only in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), but also in coronary artery disease (CAD). In the present study, by using the same high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method, we investigated the pattern of changes in the phospholipid composition of erythrocyte membrane in AD, PD and CAD compared with healthy individuals. The common patten of changes among them was as follows: The decrease of erythrocyte PlsPE was accompanied by a decrease of phosphatidylcholine although phosphatidylethanolamine remained unchanged. The decreases of PlsPE and phosphatidylcholine were replaced by an increase of sphingomyelin (SM) in the total phospholipids. The dissociated change between PlsPE and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) may be caused by the differences in molecular structure or in location in the cell membrane. Such special changes provide another piece of biochemical evidence that these different diseases are caused by identical pathological mechanism, suggesting potential biomarkers for these chronic diseases due to aging.
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New Possibilities in the Therapeutic Approach to Alzheimer’s Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23168902. [PMID: 36012193 PMCID: PMC9409036 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23168902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the fact that Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia, after many years of research regarding this disease, there is no casual treatment. Regardless of the serious public health threat it poses, only five medical treatments for Alzheimer’s disease have been authorized, and they only control symptoms rather than changing the course of the disease. Numerous clinical trials of single-agent therapy did not slow the development of disease or improve symptoms when compared to placebo. Evidence indicates that the pathological alterations linked to AD start many years earlier than a manifestation of the disease. In this pre-clinical period before the neurodegenerative process is established, pharmaceutical therapy might prove invaluable. Although recent findings from the testing of drugs such as aducanumab are encouraging, they should nevertheless be interpreted cautiously. Such medications may be able to delay the onset of dementia, significantly lowering the prevalence of the disease, but are still a long way from having a clinically effective disease-modifying therapy.
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