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Somabattini RA, Sherin S, Siva B, Chowdhury N, Nanjappan SK. Unravelling the complexities of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: The role of metabolism, transporters, and herb-drug interactions. Life Sci 2024; 351:122806. [PMID: 38852799 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a mainstream halting liver disease with high prevalence in North America, Europe, and other world regions. It is an advanced form of NAFLD caused by the amassing of fat in the liver and can progress to the more severe form known as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Until recently, there was no authorized pharmacotherapy reported for NASH, and to improve the patient's metabolic syndrome, the focus is mainly on lifestyle modification, weight loss, ensuring a healthy diet, and increased physical activity; however, the recent approval of Rezdiffra (Resmetirom) by the US FDA may change this narrative. As per the reported studies, there is an increased articulation of uptake and efflux transporters of the liver, including OATP and MRP, in NASH, leading to changes in the drug's pharmacokinetic properties. This increase leads to alterations in the pharmacokinetic properties of drugs. Furthermore, modifications in Cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes can have a significant impact on these properties. Xenobiotics are metabolized primarily in the liver and constitute liver enzymes and transporters. This review aims to delve into the role of metabolism, transport, and potential herb-drug interactions in the context of NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Adinarayan Somabattini
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Kolkata, Chunilal Bhawan, 168, Maniktala Main Road, Kolkata 700054, West Bengal, India
| | - Sahla Sherin
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Kolkata, Chunilal Bhawan, 168, Maniktala Main Road, Kolkata 700054, West Bengal, India
| | - Bhukya Siva
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Kolkata, Chunilal Bhawan, 168, Maniktala Main Road, Kolkata 700054, West Bengal, India
| | - Neelanjan Chowdhury
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Kolkata, Chunilal Bhawan, 168, Maniktala Main Road, Kolkata 700054, West Bengal, India
| | - Satheesh Kumar Nanjappan
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Kolkata, Chunilal Bhawan, 168, Maniktala Main Road, Kolkata 700054, West Bengal, India.
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Guo Y, Long C, Ni J, Zeng J, Wang J, Dai Y, Zhao J. Glucuronidation dynamics of curcumin and tetrahydrocurcumin for differential structures and chemical reactivities in human liver microsome and uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase 2B7. Food Chem 2024; 448:138929. [PMID: 38522299 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
THC is the main metabolite of curcumin with better bioactivity. This study aimed to explore the factors that cause differences in the bioactivity of curcumin and THC. We analyzed the metabolic activities of curcumin and THC and the factors responsible for the differences in their activities by glucuronidation activity assay, LC-MS, HPLC, homologous sequence comparisons, and molecular docking. Curcumin has higher metabolic activity than THC in HLM and UGT2B7, while the keto-enol isomers of curcumin and THC were distinctly different under different pH, and their structural transformations were hypothesized. Furthermore, UGT1A and UGT2B are differential sequences of curcumin and THC in UGTs. The binding sites and patterns of curcumin and THC in UGT2B7 are markedly different. In summary, the difference in keto-enolic interconversion isomerism between curcumin and THC is the main factor causing the difference in their activities, which provides a scientific basis for the development of curcumin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlei Guo
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, 610041 Chengdu, China; Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica, 400065 Chongqing, China.
| | - Chengyan Long
- Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica, 400065 Chongqing, China
| | - Jimin Ni
- Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica, 400065 Chongqing, China
| | - Jin Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Biological Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine Quality of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine/ Translational Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, 610041 Chengdu, China
| | - Jianbo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biological Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine Quality of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine/ Translational Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, 610041 Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Dai
- Key Laboratory of Biological Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine Quality of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine/ Translational Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, 610041 Chengdu, China
| | - Junning Zhao
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, 610041 Chengdu, China; National Key Laboratory of Drug Regulatory Science, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, National Medical Products Administration of China, 100037 Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Biological Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine Quality of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine/ Translational Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, 610041 Chengdu, China
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Mao K, Liu C, Tang Z, Rao Z, Wen J. Advances in drug resistance of osteosarcoma caused by pregnane X receptor. Drug Metab Rev 2024:1-14. [PMID: 38872275 DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2024.2366948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is a prevalent malignancy among adolescents, commonly manifesting during childhood and adolescence. It exhibits a high degree of malignancy, propensity for metastasis, rapid progression, and poses challenges in clinical management. Chemotherapy represents an efficacious therapeutic modality for OS treatment. However, chemotherapy resistance of OS is a major problem in clinical treatment. In order to treat OS effectively, it is particularly important to explore the mechanism of chemotherapy resistance in OS.The Pregnane X receptor (PXR) is a nuclear receptor primarily involved in the metabolism, transport, and elimination of xenobiotics, including chemotherapeutic agents. PXR involves three stages of drug metabolism: stage I: drug metabolism enzymes; stage II: drug binding enzyme; stage III: drug transporter.PXR has been confirmed to be involved in the process of chemotherapy resistance in malignant tumors. The expression of PXR is increased in OS, which may be related to drug resistance of OS. Therefore, wereviewed in detail the role of PXR in chemotherapy drug resistance in OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunhong Mao
- Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Department of Physiology, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Can Liu
- Department of Anatomy, Hunan Normal University school of Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Zhongwen Tang
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhouzhou Rao
- Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Department of Physiology, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Jie Wen
- Department of Anatomy, Hunan Normal University school of Medicine, Changsha, China
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
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Cho S, Jo H, Hwang YJ, Kim C, Jo YH, Yun JW. Potential impact of underlying diseases influencing ADME in nonclinical safety assessment. Food Chem Toxicol 2024; 188:114636. [PMID: 38582343 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2024.114636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Nonclinical studies involve in vitro, in silico, and in vivo experiments to assess the toxicokinetics, toxicology, and safety pharmacology of drugs according to regulatory requirements by a national or international authority. In this review, we summarize the potential effects of various underlying diseases governing the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) of drugs to consider the use of animal models of diseases in nonclinical trials. Obesity models showed alterations in hepatic metabolizing enzymes, transporters, and renal pathophysiology, which increase the risk of drug-induced toxicity. Diabetes models displayed changes in hepatic metabolizing enzymes, transporters, and glomerular filtration rates (GFR), leading to variability in drug responses and susceptibility to toxicity. Animal models of advanced age exhibited impairment of drug metabolism and kidney function, thereby reducing the drug-metabolizing capacity and clearance. Along with changes in hepatic metabolic enzymes, animal models of metabolic syndrome-related hypertension showed renal dysfunction, resulting in a reduced GFR and urinary excretion of drugs. Taken together, underlying diseases can induce dysfunction of organs involved in the ADME of drugs, ultimately affecting toxicity. Therefore, the use of animal models of representative underlying diseases in nonclinical toxicity studies can be considered to improve the predictability of drug side effects before clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumin Cho
- Laboratory of Veterinary Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Harin Jo
- Laboratory of Veterinary Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Jeong Hwang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Changuk Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Hyeon Jo
- Laboratory of Veterinary Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Won Yun
- Laboratory of Veterinary Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Sadauskas-Henrique H, Braz-Mota S, Campos DF, Dos Santos Barroso H, Kochhann D, Luis Val A, Maria Fonseca de Almeida-Val V. Oil spill in an amazon blackwater environment: Biochemical and physiological responses of local fish species. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 250:118347. [PMID: 38309567 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
The accidental spill of petroleum asphalt cement (PAC) in São Raimundo (SR Harbor, located on the Rio Negro (Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil) was monitored through the analysis of polyciclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in water and a set of biomarkers in fishes (exposure biomarkes: PAHs-type metabolites concentrations in bile; the activities of ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in liver. Effect biomarkers: lipid peroxidation concentration (LPO) in liver, acetylcholinesterase activity in brain, and genotoxic DNA damage in erythrocytes). Two fish species, Acarichthys heckelii and Satanoperca jurupari, were collected 10, 45, and 90 days after the PAC spill in São Raimundo. At the same time, fish were collected from the Tupé Sustainable Development Reserve (Tupé) which served as a reference area. The sampling periods were related to the rising waters of the natural flood pulse of the Rio Negro. Higher concentrations of PAHs in water were observed at 10 and 45 days and returned to the values of TP 90 days after the PAC spill, a period in which harbor waters rose about 0.2 m. Unlike the PAHs in water, biomarker responses in both fish species significantly increased following the PAC spill in SR. Hepatic ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD), PAH-like metabolites in bile, and erythrocyte DNA damage increases, together with inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in the brain were the most evident responses for both fish species. The calculated pyrolytic index showed mixed sources of PAHs (petrogenic and pyrolytic). The applied PCA-FA indicated important relationships between dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and PAHs concentrations in water, where DOC and PAHs concentrations contributed to biomarkers responses for both fish species in all collection periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Sadauskas-Henrique
- Brazilian National Institute for Research in the Amazon, Laboratory of Ecophysiology and Molecular Evolution, Av. André Araújo 2936, 69083-000, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil; UNISANTA (Universidade Santa Cecília), Laboratório de Ecofisiologia e Bioquímica de Organismos Aquáticos, Rua Oswaldo Cruz 277 (Boqueirão), 11045-907, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Susana Braz-Mota
- Brazilian National Institute for Research in the Amazon, Laboratory of Ecophysiology and Molecular Evolution, Av. André Araújo 2936, 69083-000, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Derek Felipe Campos
- Brazilian National Institute for Research in the Amazon, Laboratory of Ecophysiology and Molecular Evolution, Av. André Araújo 2936, 69083-000, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Hiléia Dos Santos Barroso
- Escola Superior de Ciências da Saúde (ESA), Universidade Estadual do Amazonas (UEA), Av. Carvalho Leal 1777, 69065-001, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Daiani Kochhann
- Brazilian National Institute for Research in the Amazon, Laboratory of Ecophysiology and Molecular Evolution, Av. André Araújo 2936, 69083-000, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil; Acaraú Valley State University, Center of Agrarian and Biological Sciences, Av. da Universidade 850, 62010-295, Sobral, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Adalberto Luis Val
- Brazilian National Institute for Research in the Amazon, Laboratory of Ecophysiology and Molecular Evolution, Av. André Araújo 2936, 69083-000, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Vera Maria Fonseca de Almeida-Val
- Brazilian National Institute for Research in the Amazon, Laboratory of Ecophysiology and Molecular Evolution, Av. André Araújo 2936, 69083-000, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
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Silva IMD, Vacario BGL, Okuyama NCM, Barcelos GRM, Fuganti PE, Guembarovski RL, Cólus IMDS, Serpeloni JM. Polymorphisms in drug-metabolizing genes and urinary bladder cancer susceptibility and prognosis: Possible impacts and future management. Gene 2024; 907:148252. [PMID: 38350514 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have shown the association of genetic variants with risks of occupational and environmentally induced cancers, including bladder (BC). The current review summarizes the effects of variants in genes encoding phase I and II enzymes in well-designed studies to highlight their contribution to BC susceptibility and prognosis. Polymorphisms in genes codifying drug-metabolizing proteins are of particular interest because of their involvement in the metabolism of exogenous genotoxic compounds, such as tobacco and agrochemicals. The prognosis between muscle-invasive and non-muscle-invasive diseases is very different, and it is difficult to predict which will progress worse. Web of Science, PubMed, and Medline were searched to identify studies published between January 1, 2010, and February 2023. We included 73 eligible studies, more than 300 polymorphisms, and 46 genes/loci. The most studied candidate genes/loci of phase I metabolism were CYP1B1, CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP3A4, CYP2D6, CYP2A6, CYP3E1, and ALDH2, and those in phase II were GSTM1, GSTT1, NAT2, GSTP1, GSTA1, GSTO1, and UGT1A1. We used the 46 genes to construct a network of proteins and to evaluate their biological functions based on the Reactome and KEGG databases. Lastly, we assessed their expression in different tissues, including normal bladder and BC samples. The drug-metabolizing pathway plays a relevant role in BC, and our review discusses a list of genes that could provide clues for further exploration of susceptibility and prognostic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabely Mayara da Silva
- Department of General Biology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina (UEL), Londrina 86057-970, Brazil.
| | - Beatriz Geovana Leite Vacario
- Department of General Biology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina (UEL), Londrina 86057-970, Brazil; Center of Health Sciences, State University of West Paraná (UNIOESTE), Francisco Beltrão-Paraná, 85605-010, Brazil.
| | - Nádia Calvo Martins Okuyama
- Department of General Biology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina (UEL), Londrina 86057-970, Brazil.
| | - Gustavo Rafael Mazzaron Barcelos
- Department of Biosciences, Institute for Health and Society, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos 11.060-001, Brazil.
| | | | - Roberta Losi Guembarovski
- Department of General Biology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina (UEL), Londrina 86057-970, Brazil.
| | - Ilce Mara de Syllos Cólus
- Department of General Biology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina (UEL), Londrina 86057-970, Brazil.
| | - Juliana Mara Serpeloni
- Department of General Biology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina (UEL), Londrina 86057-970, Brazil.
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Mao W, Zhou T, Zhang F, Qian M, Xie J, Li Z, Shu Y, Li Y, Xu H. Pan-cancer single-cell landscape of drug-metabolizing enzyme genes. Pharmacogenet Genomics 2024:01213011-990000000-00063. [PMID: 38814173 DOI: 10.1097/fpc.0000000000000538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Varied expression of drug-metabolizing enzymes (DME) genes dictates the intensity and duration of drug response in cancer treatment. This study aimed to investigate the transcriptional profile of DMEs in tumor microenvironment (TME) at single-cell level and their impact on individual responses to anticancer therapy. METHODS Over 1.3 million cells from 481 normal/tumor samples across 9 solid cancer types were integrated to profile changes in the expression of DME genes. A ridge regression model based on the PRISM database was constructed to predict the influence of DME gene expression on drug sensitivity. RESULTS Distinct expression patterns of DME genes were revealed at single-cell resolution across different cancer types. Several DME genes were highly enriched in epithelial cells (e.g. GPX2, TST and CYP3A5) or different TME components (e.g. CYP4F3 in monocytes). Particularly, GPX2 and TST were differentially expressed in epithelial cells from tumor samples compared to those from normal samples. Utilizing the PRISM database, we found that elevated expression of GPX2, CYP3A5 and reduced expression of TST was linked to enhanced sensitivity of particular chemo-drugs (e.g. gemcitabine, daunorubicin, dasatinib, vincristine, paclitaxel and oxaliplatin). CONCLUSION Our findings underscore the varied expression pattern of DME genes in cancer cells and TME components, highlighting their potential as biomarkers for selecting appropriate chemotherapy agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Mao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine/Research Centre of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan
| | - Tao Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine/Research Centre of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan
| | - Feng Zhang
- Center for Precision Medicine, The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, Zhejiang
| | - Maoxiang Qian
- Institute of Pediatrics and Department of Hematology and Oncology, National Children's Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai
| | - Jianqiang Xie
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Sichan Second Veterans Hospital
| | - Zhengyan Li
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University
| | - Yang Shu
- Gastric Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University
| | - Yuan Li
- Institute of Digestive Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Heng Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine/Research Centre of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan
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Bastolla CLV, Guerreiro FC, Saldaña-Serrano M, Gomes CHAM, Lima D, Rutkoski CF, Mattos JJ, Dias VHV, Righetti BPH, Ferreira CP, Martim J, Alves TC, Melo CMR, Marques MRF, Lüchmann KH, Almeida EA, Bainy ACD. Emerging and legacy contaminants on the Brazilian southern coast (Santa Catarina): A multi-biomarker approach in oysters Crassostrea gasar (Adanson, 1757). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 925:171679. [PMID: 38494031 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Coastal environments, such as those in the Santa Catarina State (SC, Brazil), are considered the primary receptors of anthropogenic pollutants. In this study, our objective was to evaluate the levels of emerging contaminants (ECs) and persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in indigenous Crassostrea gasar oysters from different regions of SC coast in the summer season (March 2022). Field collections were conducted in the São Francisco do Sul, Itajaí, Florianópolis and Laguna coastal zones. We analyzed the bioaccumulation levels of 75 compounds, including antibiotics (AB), endocrine disruptors (ED), non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and pesticides. Furthermore, we assessed biomarker responses related to biotransformation, antioxidant defense, heat shock protection and oxidative damage in oysters' gills. Prevalence of ECs was observed in the central and southern regions, while the highest concentrations of POPs were detected in the central-northern regions of SC. Oysters exhibited an induction in biotransformation systems (cyp2au1 and cyp356a1, sult and GST activity) and antioxidant enzymes activities (SOD, CAT and GPx). Higher susceptibility to lipid peroxidation was observed in the animals from Florianópolis compared to other regions. Correlation analyses indicated possible associations between contaminants and environmental variables in the biomarker responses, serving as a warning related to climate change. Our results highlight the influence of anthropogenic activities on SC, serving as baseline of ECs and POPs levels in the coastal areas of Santa Catarina, indicating more critical zones for extensive monitoring, aiming to conserve coastal regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila L V Bastolla
- Laboratory of Biomarkers of Aquatic Contamination and Immunochemistry (LABCAI), Center for Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Fernando C Guerreiro
- Department of Natural Sciences, Blumenau Regional University Foundation, FURB, Blumenau, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Miguel Saldaña-Serrano
- Laboratory of Biomarkers of Aquatic Contamination and Immunochemistry (LABCAI), Center for Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Carlos H A M Gomes
- Marine Mollusc Laboratory (LMM), Department of Aquaculture, Center for Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, UFSC, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Daína Lima
- Laboratory of Biomarkers of Aquatic Contamination and Immunochemistry (LABCAI), Center for Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Camila F Rutkoski
- Department of Natural Sciences, Blumenau Regional University Foundation, FURB, Blumenau, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Jacó J Mattos
- Laboratory of Biomarkers of Aquatic Contamination and Immunochemistry (LABCAI), Center for Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Vera Helena V Dias
- Laboratory of Biomarkers of Aquatic Contamination and Immunochemistry (LABCAI), Center for Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Bárbara P H Righetti
- Laboratory of Biomarkers of Aquatic Contamination and Immunochemistry (LABCAI), Center for Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Clarissa P Ferreira
- Department of Fisheries Engineering and Biological Sciences, State University of Santa Catarina, UDESC, Laguna, Brazil
| | - Julia Martim
- Laboratory of Biomarkers of Aquatic Contamination and Immunochemistry (LABCAI), Center for Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Thiago C Alves
- Department of Natural Sciences, Blumenau Regional University Foundation, FURB, Blumenau, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Claudio M R Melo
- Department of Fisheries Engineering and Biological Sciences, State University of Santa Catarina, UDESC, Laguna, Brazil
| | - Maria R F Marques
- Laboratory of Biomarkers of Aquatic Contamination and Immunochemistry (LABCAI), Center for Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Karim H Lüchmann
- Department of Fisheries Engineering and Biological Sciences, State University of Santa Catarina, UDESC, Laguna, Brazil
| | - Eduardo A Almeida
- Department of Natural Sciences, Blumenau Regional University Foundation, FURB, Blumenau, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Afonso C D Bainy
- Laboratory of Biomarkers of Aquatic Contamination and Immunochemistry (LABCAI), Center for Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
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Moeurng S, Posridee K, Kamkaew A, Thaiudom S, Oonsivilai A, Oonsivilai R. Identification of Pheophytin a and Hydroxy Pheophytin a from Rang Chuet ( Thunbergia laurifolia Linn.) as Potent NQO-1 Inducers in Liver Cells. Foods 2024; 13:1443. [PMID: 38790743 PMCID: PMC11119997 DOI: 10.3390/foods13101443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Thunbergia laurifolia Linn. (Rang Chuet, RC), a Thai medicinal plant, possesses various bioactive compounds with potential health benefits. This study aimed to identify detoxifying compounds within RC crude extract. RC leaves were extracted using the Soxhlet method with chloroform. Total carotenoids, chlorophylls, extract yield, total phenolic contents (TPCs), and total flavonoid contents (TFCs) were measured. The extract's composition was analyzed. Cytotoxicity and effects on the detoxification enzyme NQO-1 were assessed in liver cell lines (AML12 and HepG2) using MTT and NQO-1 assays, respectively. Bioactive fractions were identified using fractionation techniques and mass spectrometry (LC-MS). RC extract displayed significant levels of carotenoids (0.375 mg/g), chlorophylls (2.682 mg/g), and favorable yield (15.3%). TPC and TFC were 363.776 mg/g and 112.22 mg/g of extract, respectively. Analysis revealed phenolic acids (gallic acid, caffeic acid), flavonoid (apigenin), chlorophylls (chlorophylls a, b, pheophytin a and b), and lutein. Among the fractions, Fraction 3 (F3) exhibited the highest NQO-1 enzyme activity. F3 contained pheophytin a and hydroxy pheophytin a, confirmed by LC-MS (m/z 871.59+ [M + H]+ and 887.59+ [M + H]+). F3 significantly induced NQO-1 activity in both HepG2 (3.908-fold) and AML12 (1.99-fold) cells. This study identified F3 from RC extract as a promising fraction containing pheophytin a and hydroxy pheophytin a, responsible for inducing the detoxification enzyme NQO-1 in liver cells. These findings suggest RC's potential for promoting detoxification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreylak Moeurng
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Royal University of Phnom Penh, Phnom Penh 12156, Cambodia;
| | - Kakanang Posridee
- Health and Wellness Research Group, School of Food Technology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand; (K.P.); (S.T.)
| | - Anyanee Kamkaew
- School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand;
| | - Siwatt Thaiudom
- Health and Wellness Research Group, School of Food Technology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand; (K.P.); (S.T.)
| | - Anant Oonsivilai
- School of Electrical Engineering, Institute of Engineering, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Ratchadaporn Oonsivilai
- Health and Wellness Research Group, School of Food Technology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand; (K.P.); (S.T.)
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10
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Koşar M, Karatoprak GŞ, Atlı B, İlgün S, Köngül Şafak E, Öztinen N, Akçakaya Mutlu S, Ak Sakallı E. Unveiling the Antioxidant, Cytotoxic, and Anti-Inflammatory Activities and Chemical Compositional Information of an Invasive Plant: Lycium ferocissimum Miers. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1035. [PMID: 38611563 PMCID: PMC11013897 DOI: 10.3390/plants13071035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
In this study, the antioxidant (DPPH and ABTS radical-scavenging, ferric-reducing, iron (II)-chelating), anti-inflammatory (LPS-induced Raw 264.7 cell line), and cytotoxic activities (Du145 and A549 cell lines) of raw fruit, ripe fruit and leaves of the Lycium ferocissimum species were examined. By using high-pressure liquid chromatography, p-OH benzoic acid, caffeic acid, and rutin were detected in the ethanol and water extracts. For the most active raw fruit ethanol extract, the IC50 in terms of the DPPH-scavenging activity was 0.57 mg/mL, and the ABTS inhibition percentage was 88.73% at a 3 mg/mL concentration. The raw fruit ethanol extract exhibited significant inhibition of viability in the Du145 cell line in the concentration range of 62.5-1000 µg/mL. Additionally, the extract effectively reduced the LPS-induced inflammation parameters (TNF-α, IFN-γ, PGE 2, and NO) at a concentration of 31.25 µg/mL. The biological activities of L. ferocissimum, which have been elucidated for the first time, have yielded promising results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Müberra Koşar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Eastern Mediterranean University, North Cyprus, Via Mersin-10, 99628 Famagusta, Türkiye; (B.A.); (N.Ö.); (E.A.S.)
| | - Gökçe Şeker Karatoprak
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, 38039 Kayseri, Türkiye; (G.Ş.K.); (E.K.Ş.)
| | - Beste Atlı
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Eastern Mediterranean University, North Cyprus, Via Mersin-10, 99628 Famagusta, Türkiye; (B.A.); (N.Ö.); (E.A.S.)
| | - Selen İlgün
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, 38039 Kayseri, Türkiye; (S.İ.); (S.A.M.)
| | - Esra Köngül Şafak
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, 38039 Kayseri, Türkiye; (G.Ş.K.); (E.K.Ş.)
| | - Nesrin Öztinen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Eastern Mediterranean University, North Cyprus, Via Mersin-10, 99628 Famagusta, Türkiye; (B.A.); (N.Ö.); (E.A.S.)
| | - Sena Akçakaya Mutlu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, 38039 Kayseri, Türkiye; (S.İ.); (S.A.M.)
| | - Ezgi Ak Sakallı
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Eastern Mediterranean University, North Cyprus, Via Mersin-10, 99628 Famagusta, Türkiye; (B.A.); (N.Ö.); (E.A.S.)
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11
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Chernyak YI. Polymorphic Loci of Xenobiotic Biotransformation Genes in Accumulated Mercury Pollution Liquidators and in Workers with Chronic Mercury Vapors Exposure. Bull Exp Biol Med 2024; 176:796-800. [PMID: 38890213 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-024-06111-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
The allele and genotype frequencies of the polymorphic loci CYP1A1 (rs1048943), GSTP1 (rs1695 and rs1138272), GSTM1, and GSTT1 genes were studied in 517 men: in 389 accumulated mercury pollution liquidators (207 firefighters of the Ministry of the Russian Federation for Civil Defence, Emergencies and Elimination of Consequences of Natural Disasters and 182 employees of the Federal Environmental Operator) and 128 former workers (82 patients in the delayed period of chronic mercury intoxication and 46 individuals contacted with mercury and had no chronic mercury intoxication). We found differences in the frequencies of AA and AG genotypes in groups of former workers (χ2=6.96, p=0.008) for the polymorphic locus rs1048943, while the AG-CYP1A1 genotype was characterized by a 5.5-fold decrease in the odds ratio for the development of chronic mercury intoxication (OR=0.18, p=0.0041). An unfavorable combination of genotypes of the studied polymorphic loci increases the risk of undesirable health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu I Chernyak
- East-Siberian Institute of Medical and Ecological Research, Angarsk, Russia.
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12
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D'Agostino GD, Chaudhari SN, Devlin AS. Host-microbiome orchestration of the sulfated metabolome. Nat Chem Biol 2024; 20:410-421. [PMID: 38347214 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-023-01526-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that metabolites produced by commensal bacteria causally influence health and disease. The sulfated metabolome is one class of molecules that has recently come to the forefront due to efforts to understand the role of these metabolites in host-microbiome interactions. Sulfated compounds have canonically been classified as waste products; however, studies have revealed a variety of physiological roles for these metabolites, including effects on host metabolism, immune response and neurological function. Moreover, recent research has revealed that commensal bacteria either chemically modify or synthesize a variety of sulfated compounds. In this Review, we explore how host-microbiome collaborative metabolism transforms the sulfated metabolome. We describe bacterial and mammalian enzymes that sulfonate and desulfate biologically relevant carbohydrates, amino acid derivatives and cholesterol-derived metabolites. We then discuss outstanding questions and future directions in the field, including potential roles of sulfated metabolites in disease detection, prevention and treatment. We hope that this Review inspires future research into sulfated compounds and their effects on physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel D D'Agostino
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Snehal N Chaudhari
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.
| | - A Sloan Devlin
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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13
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Frkovic M, Turcic A, Gagro A, Srsen S, Frkovic SH, Rogic D, Jelusic M. Erythrocyte Glutathione S-Transferase Activity as a Sensitive Marker of Kidney Function Impairment in Children with IgA Vasculitis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3795. [PMID: 38612603 PMCID: PMC11011981 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
IgA vasculitis (IgAV) is the most common childhood vasculitis. The main cause of morbidity and mortality in children with IgAV is nephritis (IgAVN), but the risk of its development, severity, and chronicity remain unclear. Erythrocyte glutathione S-transferase (e-GST) activity has been previously detected as a sensitive marker of kidney function impairment in several diseases. We spectrophotometrically assessed and correlated e-GST activity between 55 IgAV patients without nephritis (IgAVwN), 42 IgAVN patients, and 52 healthy controls. At disease onset, e-GST activity was significantly higher in IgAVN patients (median (interquartile range)) (5.7 U/gHb (4.4-7.5)) than in IgAVwN patients (3.1 U/gHb (2.2-4.2); p < 0.001), and controls (3.1 U/gHb (1.9-4.2); p < 0.001). Therewithal, there were no differences between the IgAVwN patients and controls (p = 0.837). e-GST activity was also significantly higher in the IgAVN patients than in the IgAVwN patients after 3 months (5.0 U/gHb (4.2-6.2) vs. 3.3 U/gHb (2.3-4.1); p < 0.001) and 6 months (4.2 U/gHb (3.2-5.8) vs. 3.3 U/gHb (2.1-4.1); p < 0.001) since the disease onset. Consistent correlations between e-GST activity and serum creatinine, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and proteinuria levels were not detected. In conclusion, increased e-GST activity can serve as a subtle indicator of kidney function impairment in children with IgAV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marijan Frkovic
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Turcic
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, University of Zagreb Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Alenka Gagro
- Children’s Hospital Zagreb, Medical Faculty Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sasa Srsen
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Centre Split, School of Medicine, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Sanda Huljev Frkovic
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dunja Rogic
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, University of Zagreb Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marija Jelusic
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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14
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Coates S, Bardhi K, Lazarus P. Cannabinoid-Induced Inhibition of Morphine Glucuronidation and the Potential for In Vivo Drug-Drug Interactions. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:418. [PMID: 38543313 PMCID: PMC10975434 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16030418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Opioids are commonly prescribed for the treatment of chronic pain. Approximately 50% of adults who are prescribed opioids for pain co-use cannabis with their opioid treatment. Morphine is primarily metabolized by UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 2B7 to an inactive metabolite, morphine-3-glucuronide (M3G), and an active metabolite, morphine-6-glucuronide (M6G). Previous studies have shown that major cannabis constituents including Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) inhibit major UGT enzymes. To examine whether cannabinoids or their major metabolites inhibit morphine glucuronidation by UGT2B7, in vitro assays and mechanistic static modeling were performed with these cannabinoids and their major metabolites including 11-hydroxy-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (11-OH-THC), 11-nor-9-carboxy-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (11-COOH-THC), 7-hydroxy-cannabidiol (7-OH-CBD), and 7-carboxy-cannabidiol (7-COOH-CBD). In vitro assays with rUGT-overexpressing microsomes and human liver microsomes showed that THC and CBD and their metabolites inhibited UGT2B7-mediated morphine metabolism, with CBD and THC exhibiting the most potent Ki,u values (0.16 µM and 0.37 µM, respectively). Only 7-COOH-CBD exhibited no inhibitory activity against UGT2B7-mediated morphine metabolism. Static mechanistic modeling predicted an in vivo drug-drug interaction between morphine and THC after inhaled cannabis, and between THC, CBD, and 7-OH-CBD after oral consumption of cannabis. These data suggest that the co-use of these agents may lead to adverse drug events in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Philip Lazarus
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, 412 E. Spokane Falls Blvd, Spokane, WA 99202, USA
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15
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Iqbal H, Ilyas K, Akash MSH, Rehman K, Hussain A, Iqbal J. Real-time fluorescent monitoring of phase I xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes. RSC Adv 2024; 14:8837-8870. [PMID: 38495994 PMCID: PMC10941266 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra00127c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
This article explores the intricate landscape of advanced fluorescent probes crafted for the detection and real-time monitoring of phase I xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes. Employing state-of-the-art technologies, such as fluorescence resonance energy transfer, intramolecular charge transfer, and solid-state luminescence enhancement, this article unfolds a multifaceted approach to unraveling the dynamics of enzymatic processes within living systems. This encompassing study involves the development and application of a diverse range of fluorescent probes, each intricately designed with tailored mechanisms to heighten sensitivity, providing dynamic insights into phase I xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes. Understanding the role of phase I xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes in these pathophysiological processes, is essential for both medical research and clinical practice. This knowledge can guide the development of approaches to prevent, diagnose, and treat a broad spectrum of diseases and conditions. This adaptability underscores their potential clinical applications in cancer diagnosis and personalized medicine. Noteworthy are the trifunctional fluorogenic probes, uniquely designed not only for fluorescence-based cellular imaging but also for the isolation of cellular glycosidases. This innovative feature opens novel avenues for comprehensive studies in enzyme biology, paving the way for potential therapeutic interventions. The research accentuates the selectivity and specificity of the probes, showcasing their proficiency in distinguishing various enzymes and their isoforms. The sophisticated design and successful deployment of these fluorescent probes mark significant advancements in enzymology, providing powerful tools for both researchers and clinicians. Beyond their immediate applications, these probes offer illuminating insights into disease mechanisms, facilitating early detection, and catalyzing the development of targeted therapeutic interventions. This work represents a substantial leap forward in the field, promising transformative implications for understanding and addressing complex biological processes. In essence, this research heralds a new era in the development of fluorescent probes, presenting a comprehensive and innovative approach that not only expands the understanding of cellular enzyme activities but also holds great promise for practical applications in clinical settings and therapeutic endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajra Iqbal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Kainat Ilyas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad Pakistan
| | | | - Kanwal Rehman
- Department of Pharmacy, The Women University Multan Pakistan
| | - Amjad Hussain
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Okara Okara Pakistan
| | - Jamshed Iqbal
- Centre for Advanced Drug Research, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus Abbottabad 22044 Pakistan
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16
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Zhang M, Rottschäfer V, C M de Lange E. The potential impact of CYP and UGT drug-metabolizing enzymes on brain target site drug exposure. Drug Metab Rev 2024; 56:1-30. [PMID: 38126313 DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2023.2297154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Drug metabolism is one of the critical determinants of drug disposition throughout the body. While traditionally associated with the liver, recent research has unveiled the presence and functional significance of drug-metabolizing enzymes (DMEs) within the brain. Specifically, cytochrome P-450 enzymes (CYPs) and UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) enzymes have emerged as key players in drug biotransformation within the central nervous system (CNS). This comprehensive review explores the cellular and subcellular distribution of CYPs and UGTs within the CNS, emphasizing regional expression and contrasting profiles between the liver and brain, humans and rats. Moreover, we discuss the impact of species and sex differences on CYPs and UGTs within the CNS. This review also provides an overview of methodologies for identifying and quantifying enzyme activities in the brain. Additionally, we present factors influencing CYPs and UGTs activities in the brain, including genetic polymorphisms, physiological variables, pathophysiological conditions, and environmental factors. Examples of CYP- and UGT-mediated drug metabolism within the brain are presented at the end, illustrating the pivotal role of these enzymes in drug therapy and potential toxicity. In conclusion, this review enhances our understanding of drug metabolism's significance in the brain, with a specific focus on CYPs and UGTs. Insights into the expression, activity, and influential factors of these enzymes within the CNS have crucial implications for drug development, the design of safe drug treatment strategies, and the comprehension of drug actions within the CNS. To that end, CNS pharmacokinetic (PK) models can be improved to further advance drug development and personalized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxu Zhang
- Division of Systems Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Predictive Pharmacology Group, Leiden Academic Centre of Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Vivi Rottschäfer
- Mathematical Institute, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Korteweg-de Vries Institute for Mathematics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elizabeth C M de Lange
- Division of Systems Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Predictive Pharmacology Group, Leiden Academic Centre of Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
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17
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Kim M, Jee SC, Sung JS. Hepatoprotective Effects of Flavonoids against Benzo[a]Pyrene-Induced Oxidative Liver Damage along Its Metabolic Pathways. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:180. [PMID: 38397778 PMCID: PMC10886006 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13020180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), a highly carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon primarily formed during incomplete organic matter combustion, undergoes a series of hepatic metabolic reactions once absorbed into the body. B[a]P contributes to liver damage, ranging from molecular DNA damage to the onset and progression of various diseases, including cancer. Specifically, B[a]P induces oxidative stress via reactive oxygen species generation within cells. Consequently, more research has focused on exploring the underlying mechanisms of B[a]P-induced oxidative stress and potential strategies to counter its hepatic toxicity. Flavonoids, natural compounds abundant in plants and renowned for their antioxidant properties, possess the ability to neutralize the adverse effects of free radicals effectively. Although extensive research has investigated the antioxidant effects of flavonoids, limited research has delved into their potential in regulating B[a]P metabolism to alleviate oxidative stress. This review aims to consolidate current knowledge on B[a]P-induced liver oxidative stress and examines the role of flavonoids in mitigating its toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jung-Suk Sung
- Department of Life Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea; (M.K.); (S.-C.J.)
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18
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Verdegaal AA, Goodman AL. Integrating the gut microbiome and pharmacology. Sci Transl Med 2024; 16:eadg8357. [PMID: 38295186 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adg8357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
The gut microbiome harbors trillions of organisms that contribute to human health and disease. These bacteria can also affect the properties of medical drugs used to treat these diseases, and drugs, in turn, can reshape the microbiome. Research addressing interdependent microbiome-host-drug interactions thus has broad impact. In this Review, we discuss these interactions from the perspective of drug bioavailability, absorption, metabolism, excretion, toxicity, and drug-mediated microbiome modulation. We survey approaches that aim to uncover the mechanisms underlying these effects and opportunities to translate this knowledge into new strategies to improve the development, administration, and monitoring of medical drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew A Verdegaal
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Microbial Sciences Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06536, USA
| | - Andrew L Goodman
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Microbial Sciences Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06536, USA
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19
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Zhang JM, Han H, Li YC, Fu B, Kaneko G, Li K, Jin XC, Ji S, Yu EM, Liu LP. Comprehensive mRNA and microRNA analysis revealed the effect and response strategy of freshwater fish, grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) under geosmin exposure. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 269:115775. [PMID: 38070413 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Geosmin is an environmental pollutant that causes off-flavor in water and aquatic products. The high occurrence of geosmin contamination in aquatic systems and aquaculture raises public awareness, however, few studies have investigated the response pathways of geosmin stress on freshwater fish. In this research, grass carp were exposed to 50 μg/L geosmin for 96 h, liver tissue was sequenced and validated using real-time qPCR. In total of 528 up-regulated genes and 488 down-regulated genes were observed, includes cytochrome P450 and uridine diphosphate (UDP)-glucuronosyltransferase related genes. KEGG analysis showed that chemical carcinogenesis-DNA adducts, metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450, drug metabolism-cytochrome P450 pathway was enriched. Common genes from the target genes of microRNAs and differential expression genes are enriched in metabolism of xenobiotics cytochrome P450 pathway. Two miRNAs (dre-miR-146a and miR-212-3p) down regulated their target genes (LOC127510138 and adh5, respectively) which are enriched cytochrome P450 related pathway. The results present that geosmin is genetoxic to grass carp and indicate that cytochrome P450 system and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase play essential roles in biotransformation of geosmin. MicroRNAs regulate the biotransformation of geosmin by targeting specific genes, which contributes to the development of strategies to manage its negative impacts in both natural and artificial environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ming Zhang
- China-ASEAN "The Belt and Road" Joint Laboratory of Marine Culture Technology (Shanghai), Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Huan Han
- China-ASEAN "The Belt and Road" Joint Laboratory of Marine Culture Technology (Shanghai), Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Yi-Chao Li
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute of CAFS, Guangzhou 510380, China
| | - Bing Fu
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Gen Kaneko
- College of Natural & Applied Science, University of Houston-Victoria, Victoria, TX 77901, USA
| | - Kang Li
- China-ASEAN "The Belt and Road" Joint Laboratory of Marine Culture Technology (Shanghai), Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
| | - Xi-Chen Jin
- China-ASEAN "The Belt and Road" Joint Laboratory of Marine Culture Technology (Shanghai), Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Shuang Ji
- China-ASEAN "The Belt and Road" Joint Laboratory of Marine Culture Technology (Shanghai), Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Er-Meng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute of CAFS, Guangzhou 510380, China
| | - Li-Ping Liu
- China-ASEAN "The Belt and Road" Joint Laboratory of Marine Culture Technology (Shanghai), Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
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20
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Daskou M, Fotooh Abadi L, Gain C, Wong M, Sharma E, Kombe Kombe AJ, Nanduri R, Kelesidis T. The Role of the NRF2 Pathway in the Pathogenesis of Viral Respiratory Infections. Pathogens 2023; 13:39. [PMID: 38251346 PMCID: PMC10819673 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13010039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
In humans, acute and chronic respiratory infections caused by viruses are associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. Respiratory viruses infect airway epithelial cells and induce oxidative stress, yet the exact pathogenesis remains unclear. Oxidative stress activates the transcription factor NRF2, which plays a key role in alleviating redox-induced cellular injury. The transcriptional activation of NRF2 has been reported to affect both viral replication and associated inflammation pathways. There is complex bidirectional crosstalk between virus replication and the NRF2 pathway because virus replication directly or indirectly regulates NRF2 expression, and NRF2 activation can reversely hamper viral replication and viral spread across cells and tissues. In this review, we discuss the complex role of the NRF2 pathway in the regulation of the pathogenesis of the main respiratory viruses, including coronaviruses, influenza viruses, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and rhinoviruses. We also summarize the scientific evidence regarding the effects of the known NRF2 agonists that can be utilized to alter the NRF2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Daskou
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Leila Fotooh Abadi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (L.F.A.); (R.N.)
| | - Chandrima Gain
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Michael Wong
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Eashan Sharma
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Arnaud John Kombe Kombe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (L.F.A.); (R.N.)
| | - Ravikanth Nanduri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (L.F.A.); (R.N.)
| | - Theodoros Kelesidis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (L.F.A.); (R.N.)
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21
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Armani S, Geier A, Forst T, Merle U, Alpers DH, Lunnon MW. Effect of changes in metabolic enzymes and transporters on drug metabolism in the context of liver disease: Impact on pharmacokinetics and drug-drug interactions. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2023. [PMID: 38148609 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.15990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Changes in the pharmacokinetic and resulting pharmacodynamic properties of drugs are common in many chronic liver diseases, leading to adverse effects, drug interactions and increased risk of over- or underdosing of medications. Structural and functional hepatic impairment can have major effects on drug metabolism and transport. This review summarizes research on the functional changes in phase I and II metabolic enzymes and in transport proteins in patients with metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis and cirrhosis, providing a clinical perspective on how these changes affect drug uptake and metabolism. Generally, a decrease in expression and/or activity of many enzymes of the cytochrome P450 family (e.g. CYP2E1 and CYP3A4), and of influx and efflux transporters (e.g. organic anion-transporting polypeptide [OATP]1B1, OATP2B1, OAT2 and bile salt export pump), has been recently documented in patients with liver disease. Decreased enzyme levels often correlate with increased severity of chronic liver disease. In subjects with hepatic impairment, there is potential for strong alterations of drug pharmacokinetics due to reduced absorption, increased volume of distribution, metabolism and extraction. Due to the altered pharmacokinetics, specific drug-drug interactions are also a potential issue to consider in patients with liver disease. Given the huge burden of liver disease in western societies, there is a need to improve awareness among all healthcare professionals and patients with liver disease to ensure appropriate drug prescriptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Armani
- CRS Clinical Research Services, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Andreas Geier
- Department of Internal Medicine and Hepatology, University Hospital, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Forst
- CRS Clinical Research Services, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Uta Merle
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David H Alpers
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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22
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Jeon YS, Sangiovanni J, Boulanger E, Crump D, Liu P, Ewald J, Basu N, Xia J, Hecker M, Head J. Hepatic Transcriptomic Responses to Ethinylestradiol in Embryonic Japanese Quail and Double-Crested Cormorant. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2023. [PMID: 38116984 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Understanding species differences in sensitivity to toxicants is a critical issue in ecotoxicology. We recently established that double-crested cormorant (DCCO) embryos are more sensitive than Japanese quail (JQ) to the developmental effects of ethinylestradiol (EE2). We explored how this difference in sensitivity between species is reflected at a transcriptomic level. The EE2 was dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide and injected into the air cell of eggs prior to incubation at nominal concentrations of 0, 3.33, and 33.3 µg/g egg weight. At midincubation (JQ 9 days; DCCO 16 days), livers were collected from five embryos/treatment group for RNA sequencing. Data were processed and analyzed using EcoOmicsAnalyst and ExpressAnalyst. The EE2 exposure dysregulated 238 and 1,987 genes in JQ and DCCO, respectively, with 78 genes in common between the two species. These included classic biomarkers of estrogen exposure such as vitellogenin and apovitellenin. We also report DCCO-specific dysregulation of Phase I/II enzyme-coding genes and species-specific transcriptional ontogeny of vitellogenin-2. Twelve Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways and two EcoToxModules were dysregulated in common in both species including the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathway and fatty acid metabolism. Similar to previously reported differences at the organismal level, DCCO were more responsive to EE2 exposure than JQ at the gene expression level. Our description of differences in transcriptional responses to EE2 in early life stage birds may contribute to a better understanding of the molecular basis for species differences. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;00:1-12. © 2023 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon-Seon Jeon
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jonathan Sangiovanni
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Emily Boulanger
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Doug Crump
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, National Wildlife Research Centre, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jessica Ewald
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Niladri Basu
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jianguo Xia
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Markus Hecker
- School of the Environment and Sustainability and Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Jessica Head
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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23
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Aldayel TS, Gad El Hak HN, Nafie MS, Saad R, Abdelrazek HMA, Kilany OE. Evaluation of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer activities and molecular docking of Moringa oleifera seed oil extract against experimental model of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma in Swiss female albino mice. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:457. [PMID: 38098043 PMCID: PMC10720142 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04279-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The current research intended to evaluate the antitumor properties of Moringa oleifera oil extract (MOE). Fifty-six female Swiss albino mice were employed in this study. Animals were assigned into four groups: control (C) group, moringa oil extract (MOE) group administered (500 mg/kg b. wt) MOE daily via gavage, Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) group and EAC group administered daily with (500 mg/kg b.wt) MOE for two weeks (EAC/MOE). The results showed that MOE significantly ameliorated the EAC increase in body weight and reduced the EAC cell viability. In addition, they upgraded the levels of hepatic and renal functions, inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress markers and EAC-induced hepatic and renal histopathological changes. Treatment of EAC with MOE induced antitumor, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects and normalized most of the tested parameters besides the histopathological alterations in both renal and hepatic tissues. HPLC for the MOE identified Cinnamic acid, Ellagic acid, Quercetin, Gallic acid, Vanillin and Hesperidin as major compounds. The molecular docking study highlighted the virtual binding of the identified compounds inside the GSH and SOD proteins, especially for Quercetin which exhibited promising binding affinity with good interactive binding mode with the key amino acids. These results demonstrate that the antitumor constituents of MOE against EAC induced oxidative stress and inflammation by preventing oxidative damage and controlling EAC increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahany Saleh Aldayel
- Department of Health Sciences, Clinical Nutrition, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Heba N Gad El Hak
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed S Nafie
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | - Raneem Saad
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Heba M A Abdelrazek
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Omnia E Kilany
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
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24
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Arriaza RH, Abiskaroon B, Patel M, Daneshian L, Kluza A, Snoeck S, Watkins MB, Hopkins JB, Van Leeuwen T, Grbic M, Grbic V, Borowski T, Chruszcz M. Structural and functional studies reveal the molecular basis of substrate promiscuity of a glycosyltransferase originating from a major agricultural pest. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105421. [PMID: 37923139 PMCID: PMC10731231 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae, is a major cosmopolitan pest that feeds on more than 1100 plant species. Its genome contains an unprecedentedly large number of genes involved in detoxifying and transporting xenobiotics, including 80 genes that code for UDP glycosyltransferases (UGTs). These enzymes were acquired via horizontal gene transfer from bacteria after loss in the Chelicerata lineage. UGTs are well-known for their role in phase II metabolism; however, their contribution to host adaptation and acaricide resistance in arthropods, such as T. urticae, is not yet resolved. TuUGT202A2 (Tetur22g00270) has been linked to the ability of this pest to adapt to tomato plants. Moreover, it was shown that this enzyme can glycosylate a wide range of flavonoids. To understand this relationship at the molecular level, structural, functional, and computational studies were performed. Structural studies provided specific snapshots of the enzyme in different catalytically relevant stages. The crystal structure of TuUGT202A2 in complex with UDP-glucose was obtained and site-directed mutagenesis paired with molecular dynamic simulations revealed a novel lid-like mechanism involved in the binding of the activated sugar donor. Two additional TuUGT202A2 crystal complexes, UDP-(S)-naringenin and UDP-naringin, demonstrated that this enzyme has a highly plastic and open-ended acceptor-binding site. Overall, this work reveals the molecular basis of substrate promiscuity of TuUGT202A2 and provides novel insights into the structural mechanism of UGTs catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Hernandez Arriaza
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Brendan Abiskaroon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Megha Patel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Leily Daneshian
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Anna Kluza
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Science, Krakow, Poland
| | - Simon Snoeck
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Maxwell B Watkins
- The Biophysics Collaborative Access Team (BioCAT), Department of Physics, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jesse B Hopkins
- The Biophysics Collaborative Access Team (BioCAT), Department of Physics, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Thomas Van Leeuwen
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Miodrag Grbic
- Department of Biology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; University of La Rioja, Logrono, Spain
| | - Vojislava Grbic
- Department of Biology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tomasz Borowski
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Science, Krakow, Poland
| | - Maksymilian Chruszcz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA.
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25
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Xu T, Lv Y, Cui Y, Liu D, Xu T, Lu B, Yang X. Properties of Dietary Flavone Glycosides, Aglycones, and Metabolites on the Catalysis of Human Endoplasmic Reticulum Uridine Diphosphate Glucuronosyltransferase 2B7 (UGT2B7). Nutrients 2023; 15:4941. [PMID: 38068799 PMCID: PMC10708323 DOI: 10.3390/nu15234941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Flavone glycosides, their aglycones, and metabolites are the major phytochemicals in dietary intake. However, there are still many unknowns about the cellular utilization and active sites of these natural products. Uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) in the endoplasmic reticulum have gene polymorphism distribution in the population and widely mediate the absorption and metabolism of endogenous and exogenous compounds by catalyzing the covalent addition of glucuronic acid and various lipophilic chemicals. Firstly, we found that rutin, a typical flavone O-glycoside, has a stronger UGT2B7 binding effect than its metabolites. After testing a larger number of flavonoids with different aglycones, their aglycones, and metabolites, we demonstrated that typical dietary flavone O-glycosides generally have high binding affinities towards UGT2B7 protein, but the flavone C-glycosides and the phenolic acid metabolites of flavones had no significant effect on this. With the disposition of 4-methylumbelliferone examined by HPLC assay, we determined that 10 μM rutin and nicotifiorin could significantly inhibit the activity of recombinant UGT2B7 protein, which is stronger than isovitexin, vitexin, 3-hydroxyphenylacetic acid and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid. In addition, in vitro experiments showed that in normal and doxorubicin-induced lipid composition, both flavone O-glycosides rutin and flavone C-glycosides isovitexin at 10 μM had no significant effect on the expression of UGT1A1, UGT2B4, UGT2B7, and UGT2B15 genes for 24 h exposure. The obtained results enrich the regulatory properties of dietary flavone glycosides, aglycones, and metabolites towards the catalysis of UGTs and will contribute to the establishment of a precise nutritional intervention system based on lipid bilayers and theories of nutrients on endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Xu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yangjun Lv
- Hangzhou Tea Research Institute, China Co-Op, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Yuhan Cui
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Dongchen Liu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Tao Xu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Baiyi Lu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xuan Yang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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26
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Gong C, Bertagnolli LN, Boulton DW, Coppola P. A Literature Review of Changes in Phase II Drug-Metabolizing Enzyme and Drug Transporter Expression during Pregnancy. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2624. [PMID: 38004602 PMCID: PMC10674389 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15112624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this literature review is to comprehensively summarize changes in the expression of phase II drug-metabolizing enzymes and drug transporters in both the pregnant woman and the placenta. Using PubMed®, a systematic search was conducted to identify literature relevant to drug metabolism and transport in pregnancy. PubMed was searched with pre-specified terms during the period of 26 May 2023 to 10 July 2023. The final dataset of 142 manuscripts was evaluated for evidence regarding the effect of gestational age and hormonal regulation on the expression of phase II enzymes (n = 16) and drug transporters (n = 38) in the pregnant woman and in the placenta. This comprehensive review exposes gaps in current knowledge of phase II enzyme and drug transporter localization, expression, and regulation during pregnancy, which emphasizes the need for further research. Moreover, the information collected in this review regarding phase II drug-metabolizing enzyme and drug transporter changes will aid in optimizing pregnancy physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models to inform dose selection in the pregnant population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Gong
- School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Lynn N. Bertagnolli
- AstraZeneca LP, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, Clinical Pharmacology & Safety Sciences, Clinical Pharmacology & Quantitative Pharmacology, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - David W. Boulton
- AstraZeneca LP, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, Clinical Pharmacology & Safety Sciences, Clinical Pharmacology & Quantitative Pharmacology, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Paola Coppola
- AstraZeneca LP, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, Clinical Pharmacology & Safety Sciences, Clinical Pharmacology & Quantitative Pharmacology, Cambridge CB2 0AA, UK
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27
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Camacho-Jiménez L, González-Ruiz R, Yepiz-Plascencia G. Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in marine crustaceans: Bioaccumulation, physiological and cellular responses. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 192:106184. [PMID: 37769555 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2023.106184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are ubiquitous in marine ecosystems. These compounds can be accumulated in water, sediments and organisms, persist in time, and have toxic effects in human and wildlife. POPs can be uptaken and bioaccumulated by crustaceans, affecting different physiological processes, including energy metabolism, immunity, osmoregulation, excretion, growth, and reproduction. Nonetheless, animals have evolved sub-cellular mechanisms for detoxification and protection from chemical stress. POPs induce the activity of enzymes involved in xenobiotic metabolism and antioxidant systems, that in vertebrates are importantly regulated at gene expression (transcriptional) level. However, the activation and control of these enzyme systems upon the exposure to POPs have been scarcely studied in invertebrate species, including crustaceans. Herein, we summarize various aspects of the bioaccumulation of POPs in marine crustaceans and their physiological effects. We specially focus on the regulation of xenobiotics metabolism and antioxidant enzymes as key sub-cellular mechanisms for detoxification and protection from chemical stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Camacho-Jiménez
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C. (CIAD, A.C.), Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas 46, Hermosillo, Sonora, 83304, Mexico.
| | - Ricardo González-Ruiz
- Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica A.C. (IPICYT A.C.), Camino a La Presa de San José 2055, San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, 78216, Mexico
| | - Gloria Yepiz-Plascencia
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C. (CIAD, A.C.), Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas 46, Hermosillo, Sonora, 83304, Mexico
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28
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Sanchez-Quant E, Richter ML, Colomé-Tatché M, Martinez-Jimenez CP. Single-cell metabolic profiling reveals subgroups of primary human hepatocytes with heterogeneous responses to drug challenge. Genome Biol 2023; 24:234. [PMID: 37848949 PMCID: PMC10583437 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-023-03075-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Xenobiotics are primarily metabolized by hepatocytes in the liver, and primary human hepatocytes are the gold standard model for the assessment of drug efficacy, safety, and toxicity in the early phases of drug development. Recent advances in single-cell genomics demonstrate liver zonation and ploidy as main drivers of cellular heterogeneity. However, little is known about the impact of hepatocyte specialization on liver function upon metabolic challenge, including hepatic metabolism, detoxification, and protein synthesis. RESULTS Here, we investigate the metabolic capacity of individual human hepatocytes in vitro. We assess how chronic accumulation of lipids enhances cellular heterogeneity and impairs the metabolisms of drugs. Using a phenotyping five-probe cocktail, we identify four functional subgroups of hepatocytes responding differently to drug challenge and fatty acid accumulation. These four subgroups display differential gene expression profiles upon cocktail treatment and xenobiotic metabolism-related specialization. Notably, intracellular fat accumulation leads to increased transcriptional variability and diminishes the drug-related metabolic capacity of hepatocytes. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that, upon a metabolic challenge such as exposure to drugs or intracellular fat accumulation, hepatocyte subgroups display different and heterogeneous transcriptional responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Sanchez-Quant
- Helmholtz Pioneer Campus (HPC), Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Maria Lucia Richter
- Helmholtz Pioneer Campus (HPC), Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Maria Colomé-Tatché
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.
- TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 85354, Freising, Germany.
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich (LMU), 82152, Munich, Germany.
| | - Celia Pilar Martinez-Jimenez
- Helmholtz Pioneer Campus (HPC), Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.
- TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich (TUM), 80333, Munich, Germany.
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29
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Faccioli LAP, Cetin Z, Kocas-Kilicarslan ZN, Ortiz K, Sun Y, Hu Z, Kurihara T, Tafaleng EN, Florentino RM, Wang Z, Xia M, Miedel MT, Taylor DL, Behari J, Ostrowska A, Constantine R, Li A, Soto-Gutierrez A. Evaluation of Human Hepatocyte Drug Metabolism Carrying High-Risk or Protection-Associated Liver Disease Genetic Variants. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13406. [PMID: 37686209 PMCID: PMC10487897 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic-dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), which affects 30 million people in the US and is anticipated to reach over 100 million by 2030, places a significant financial strain on the healthcare system. There is presently no FDA-approved treatment for MASLD despite its public health significance and financial burden. Understanding the connection between point mutations, liver enzymes, and MASLD is important for comprehending drug toxicity in healthy or diseased individuals. Multiple genetic variations have been linked to MASLD susceptibility through genome-wide association studies (GWAS), either increasing MASLD risk or protecting against it, such as PNPLA3 rs738409, MBOAT7 rs641738, GCKR rs780094, HSD17B13 rs72613567, and MTARC1 rs2642438. As the impact of genetic variants on the levels of drug-metabolizing cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes in human hepatocytes has not been thoroughly investigated, this study aims to describe the analysis of metabolic functions for selected phase I and phase II liver enzymes in human hepatocytes. For this purpose, fresh isolated primary hepatocytes were obtained from healthy liver donors (n = 126), and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was performed. For the cohorts, participants were classified into minor homozygotes and nonminor homozygotes (major homozygotes + heterozygotes) for five gene polymorphisms. For phase I liver enzymes, we found a significant difference in the activity of CYP1A2 in human hepatocytes carrying MBOAT7 (p = 0.011) and of CYP2C8 in human hepatocytes carrying PNPLA3 (p = 0.004). It was also observed that the activity of CYP2C9 was significantly lower in human hepatocytes carrying HSD17B13 (p = 0.001) minor homozygous compared to nonminor homozygous. No significant difference in activity of CYP2E1, CYP2C8, CYP2D6, CYP2E1, CYP3A4, ECOD, FMO, MAO, AO, and CES2 and in any of the phase II liver enzymes between human hepatocytes carrying genetic variants for PNPLA3 rs738409, MBOAT7 rs641738, GCKR rs780094, HSD17B13 rs72613567, and MTARC1 rs2642438 were observed. These findings offer a preliminary assessment of the influence of genetic variations on drug-metabolizing cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes in healthy human hepatocytes, which may be useful for future drug discovery investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanuza A. P. Faccioli
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; (Z.C.); (Z.N.K.-K.); (K.O.); (Y.S.); (Z.H.); (T.K.); (E.N.T.); (R.M.F.); (A.O.)
| | - Zeliha Cetin
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; (Z.C.); (Z.N.K.-K.); (K.O.); (Y.S.); (Z.H.); (T.K.); (E.N.T.); (R.M.F.); (A.O.)
| | - Zehra N. Kocas-Kilicarslan
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; (Z.C.); (Z.N.K.-K.); (K.O.); (Y.S.); (Z.H.); (T.K.); (E.N.T.); (R.M.F.); (A.O.)
| | - Kimberly Ortiz
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; (Z.C.); (Z.N.K.-K.); (K.O.); (Y.S.); (Z.H.); (T.K.); (E.N.T.); (R.M.F.); (A.O.)
| | - Yiyue Sun
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; (Z.C.); (Z.N.K.-K.); (K.O.); (Y.S.); (Z.H.); (T.K.); (E.N.T.); (R.M.F.); (A.O.)
| | - Zhiping Hu
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; (Z.C.); (Z.N.K.-K.); (K.O.); (Y.S.); (Z.H.); (T.K.); (E.N.T.); (R.M.F.); (A.O.)
| | - Takeshi Kurihara
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; (Z.C.); (Z.N.K.-K.); (K.O.); (Y.S.); (Z.H.); (T.K.); (E.N.T.); (R.M.F.); (A.O.)
| | - Edgar N. Tafaleng
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; (Z.C.); (Z.N.K.-K.); (K.O.); (Y.S.); (Z.H.); (T.K.); (E.N.T.); (R.M.F.); (A.O.)
| | - Rodrigo M. Florentino
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; (Z.C.); (Z.N.K.-K.); (K.O.); (Y.S.); (Z.H.); (T.K.); (E.N.T.); (R.M.F.); (A.O.)
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, Human Synthetic Liver Biology Core, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; (D.L.T.); (J.B.)
| | - Zi Wang
- Department of Statistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA;
| | - Mengying Xia
- Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; (M.X.); (M.T.M.)
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Mark T. Miedel
- Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; (M.X.); (M.T.M.)
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - D. Lansing Taylor
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, Human Synthetic Liver Biology Core, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; (D.L.T.); (J.B.)
- Department of Statistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA;
- Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; (M.X.); (M.T.M.)
| | - Jaideep Behari
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, Human Synthetic Liver Biology Core, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; (D.L.T.); (J.B.)
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Alina Ostrowska
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; (Z.C.); (Z.N.K.-K.); (K.O.); (Y.S.); (Z.H.); (T.K.); (E.N.T.); (R.M.F.); (A.O.)
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, Human Synthetic Liver Biology Core, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; (D.L.T.); (J.B.)
| | | | - Albert Li
- Discovery Life Sciences, Huntsville, AL 35806, USA; (R.C.); (A.L.)
| | - Alejandro Soto-Gutierrez
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; (Z.C.); (Z.N.K.-K.); (K.O.); (Y.S.); (Z.H.); (T.K.); (E.N.T.); (R.M.F.); (A.O.)
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, Human Synthetic Liver Biology Core, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; (D.L.T.); (J.B.)
- Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; (M.X.); (M.T.M.)
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
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Tran NKS, Trinh TA, Pyo J, Kim CG, Park JG, Kang KS. Neuroprotective Potential of Pyranocoumarins from Angelica gigas Nakai on Glutamate-Induced Hippocampal Cell Death. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1651. [PMID: 37627646 PMCID: PMC10451762 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12081651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic neurodegenerative diseases are typically associated with oxidative stress conditions leading to neuronal cell death. We aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effect of three pyranocoumarins (decursin, decursinol angelate, and decursinol) targeting oxidative stress factors. Decursin (also known as dehydro-8-prenylnaringenin) is a prenylated coumarin compound consisting of a coumarin ring system with a prenyl group attached to one of the carbons in the ring. As a secondary metabolite of plants, pyranocoumarin decursin from Angelica gigas Nakai presented protective effects against glutamate-induced oxidative stress in HT22, a murine hippocampal neuronal cell line. Decursinol (DOH) is a metabolite of decursin, sharing same coumarin ring system but a slightly different chemical structure with the prenyl group replaced by a hydroxyl group (-OH). In our findings, DOH was ineffective while decursin was, suggesting that this prenyl structure may be important for compound absorption and neuroprotection. By diminishing the accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species as well as stimulating the expression of HO-1, decursin triggers the self-protection system in neuronal cells. Additionally, decursin also revealed an anti-apoptotic effect by inhibiting chromatin condensation and reducing the forming of annexin-V-positive cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tuy An Trinh
- Saigon Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Center, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh 70000, Vietnam;
| | - Jaesung Pyo
- College of Pharmacy, Kyungsung University, Busan 48434, Republic of Korea;
| | - Chang Geon Kim
- Advanced Bio Convergence Center (ABCC), Pohang Technopark Foundation, Pohang 37668, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jae Gyu Park
- Advanced Bio Convergence Center (ABCC), Pohang Technopark Foundation, Pohang 37668, Republic of Korea;
| | - Ki Sung Kang
- College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea;
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31
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Spanakis M, Alon-Ellenbogen D, Ioannou P, Spernovasilis N. Antibiotics and Lipid-Modifying Agents: Potential Drug-Drug Interactions and Their Clinical Implications. PHARMACY 2023; 11:130. [PMID: 37624085 PMCID: PMC10457919 DOI: 10.3390/pharmacy11040130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence-based prescribing requires taking into consideration the many aspects of optimal drug administration (e.g., dosage, comorbidities, co-administered drugs, etc.). A key issue is the administration of drugs for acute disorders that may potentially interfere with previously prescribed long-term medications. Initiating an antibiotic for an acute bacterial infection constitutes a common example. Hence, appropriate knowledge and awareness of the potential DDIs of antibiotics would lead to proper adjustments, thus preventing over- or under-treatment. For example, some statins, which are the most prescribed lipid-modifying agent (LMA), can lead to clinically important drug-drug interactions (DDIs) with the concurrent administration of antibiotics, e.g., macrolides. This review discusses the clinically significant DDIs of antibiotics associated with co-administrated lipid-lowering therapy and highlights common cases where regimen modifications may or may not be necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marios Spanakis
- Department Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece;
- Computational Biomedicine Laboratory, Institute of Computer Science, Foundation for Research & Technology-Hellas (FORTH), 70013 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Danny Alon-Ellenbogen
- Department of Basic and Clinical Sciences, University of Nicosia Medical School, 2417 Nicosia, Cyprus;
| | - Petros Ioannou
- Department of Internal Medicine & Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71110 Heraklion, Greece;
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32
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She W, Wang H, Linardi D, Chik SY, Lan Y, Chen F, Cheng A, Qian PY. Mode of action of antifouling compound albofungin in inhibiting barnacle larval settlement. iScience 2023; 26:106981. [PMID: 37534162 PMCID: PMC10391604 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine biofouling causes huge economic losses to the marine industry every year. Albofungin is a potential antifoulant showing strong anti-macrofouling activities against larval settlement of major fouling organisms. In the present study, directed RNA-seq and proteomic analyses were used to investigate changes in the transcriptome and proteome of a major fouling barnacle Amphibalanus amphitrite cyprids in response to albofungin treatment. Results showed that albofungin treatment remarkably upregulated the metabolism of xenobiotics by the cytochrome P450 pathway to discharge the compound and downregulated energy metabolic processes. Intriguingly, immunostaining and whole-mount in situ hybridization (WISH) revealed the spatial expression patterns of selected differentially expressed genes (glutathione S-transferase [GST], nitric oxide synthase [NOS], and calmodulin [CaM]) distributed in the thorax and antennule of A. amphitrite. Our study provides new insights into the mechanism of albofungin in interrupting the larval settlement of A. amphitrite and suggests its potential application as an antifouling agent in marine environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyi She
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Nansha, Guangdong, China
- Department of Ocean Science and Hong Kong Brach of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
- SZU-HKUST Joint PhD Program in Marine Environmental Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Nansha, Guangdong, China
- Department of Ocean Science and Hong Kong Brach of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Darwin Linardi
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sin Yu Chik
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Nansha, Guangdong, China
- Department of Ocean Science and Hong Kong Brach of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yi Lan
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Nansha, Guangdong, China
- Department of Ocean Science and Hong Kong Brach of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Aifang Cheng
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Nansha, Guangdong, China
- Department of Ocean Science and Hong Kong Brach of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Pei-Yuan Qian
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Nansha, Guangdong, China
- Department of Ocean Science and Hong Kong Brach of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
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Kovačič A, Modic M, Hojnik N, Štampar M, Gulin MR, Nannou C, Koronaiou LA, Heath D, Walsh JL, Žegura B, Lambropoulou D, Cvelbar U, Heath E. Degradation and toxicity of bisphenol A and S during cold atmospheric pressure plasma treatment. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 454:131478. [PMID: 37116332 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenols are widely recognised as toxic compounds that potentially threaten the environment and public health. Here we report the use of cold atmospheric pressure plasma (CAP) to remove bisphenol A (BPA) and bisphenol S (BPS) from aqueous systems. Additionally, methanol was added as a radical scavenger to simulate environmental conditions. After 480 s of plasma treatment, 15-25 % of BPA remained, compared to > 80 % of BPS, with BPA being removed faster (-kt = 3.4 ms-1, half-life = 210 s) than BPS (-kt = 0.15 ms-1, half-life 4700 s). The characterisation of plasma species showed that adding a radical scavenger affects the formation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, resulting in a lower amount of ˙OH, H2O2, and NO2- but a similar amount of NO3-. In addition, a non-target approach enabled the elucidation of 11 BPA and five BPS transformation products. From this data, transformation pathways were proposed for both compounds, indicating nitrification with further cleavage, demethylation, and carboxylation, and the coupling of smaller bisphenol intermediates. The toxicological characterisation of the in vitro HepG2 cell model has shown that the mixture of transformation products formed during CAP is less toxic than BPA and BPS, indicating that CAP is effective in safely degrading bisphenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Kovačič
- Department of Environmental Sciences O2, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Martina Modic
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Laboratory for Gaseous Electronics F6, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nataša Hojnik
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Laboratory for Gaseous Electronics F6, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Martina Štampar
- National Institute of Biology, Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Martin Rafael Gulin
- Department of Environmental Sciences O2, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Christina Nannou
- Department of Chemistry, International Hellenic University, GR 65404 Kavala, Greece
| | - Lelouda-Athanasia Koronaiou
- Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece; Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTh), Thessaloniki GR-57001, Greece
| | - David Heath
- Department of Environmental Sciences O2, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - James L Walsh
- York Plasma Institute, University of York, YO10 5DQ, UK
| | - Bojana Žegura
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; National Institute of Biology, Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Dimitra Lambropoulou
- Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece; Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTh), Thessaloniki GR-57001, Greece
| | - Uroš Cvelbar
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Laboratory for Gaseous Electronics F6, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ester Heath
- Department of Environmental Sciences O2, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Sung JH, Kim JJ. Recent advances in in vitro skin-on-a-chip models for drug testing. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2023. [PMID: 37379024 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2023.2227379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The skin is an organ that has the largest surface area and provides a barrier against external environment. While providing protection, it also interacts with other organs in the body and has implications in various diseases. Development of physiologically realistic in vitro models of the skin in the context of the whole body is important for studying these diseases, and will be a valuable tool for pharmaceutical, cosmetics, and food industry. AREA COVERED This article covers the basic background in skin structure, physiology, as well as drug metabolism in the skin, and dermatological diseases. We summarize various in vitro skin models currently available, and novel in vitro models based on organ-on-a-chip technology. We also explain the concept of multi-organ-on-a-chip and describe recent developments in this field aimed at recapitulating the interaction of the skin with other organs in the body. EXPERT OPINION Recent development in the organ-on-a-chip field has enabled the development of in vitro model systems that resemble human skin more closely than conventional models. In near future, we will be seeing various model systems that allow researchers to study complex diseases in a more mechanistic manner, which will help the development of new pharmaceuticals for such diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Hwan Sung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hongik University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Jung Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hongik University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Wu S, Zhu L, Ye Q, Zhu Y, Zhang T, Chen X, Zhong W. Mechanisms for the structural dependent transformation of 6:2 and 8:2 polyfluoroalkyl phosphate diesters in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 454:131536. [PMID: 37146340 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Polyfluoroalkyl phosphate esters (PAPs) are widely used and detected in various environmental media and organisms, but little is known about their behaviors in plants. In this study, the uptake, translocation and transformation of 6:2 and 8:2 diPAP in wheat using hydroponic experiments were investigated. 6:2 diPAP was more easily taken up by roots and translocated to shoots than 8:2 diPAP. Their phase I metabolites were fluorotelomer saturated carboxylates (FTCAs), fluorotelomer unsaturated carboxylates (FTUCAs) and perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs). PFCAs with even-numbered chain length were the primary phase I terminal metabolites suggesting that they were mainly generated through β-oxidation. Cysteine and sulfate conjugates were the primary phase II transformation metabolites. The higher levels and ratios of phase II metabolites in the 6:2 diPAP exposure group indicated that the phase I metabolites of 6:2 diPAP were more susceptible to phase II transformation than that of 8:2 diPAP, which was confirmed by density functional theory calculation. Enzyme activity analyses and in vitro experiments demonstrated that cytochrome P450 and alcohol dehydrogenase actively participated in the phase Ⅰ transformation of diPAPs. Gene expression analyses showed that glutathione S-transferase (GST) was involved in the phase Ⅱ transformation, and the subfamily GSTU2 played a dominant role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, PR China
| | - Lingyan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, PR China
| | - Qingqing Ye
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, PR China
| | - Yumin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, PR China
| | - Tianxu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, PR China
| | - Xin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, PR China
| | - Wenjue Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, PR China.
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Ma S, Cho S, Sahasranaman S, Zhao W, Pang J, Ding X, Dean B, Wang B, Hsu JY, Ware J, Salphati L. Absorption, Metabolism, and Excretion of Taselisib (GDC-0032), a Potent β-Sparing PI3K Inhibitor in Rats, Dogs, and Humans. Drug Metab Dispos 2023; 51:436-450. [PMID: 36623882 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.122.001096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Taselisib (also known as GDC-0032) is a potent and selective phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor that displays greater selectivity for mutant PI3Kα than wild-type PI3Kα To better understand the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion properties of taselisib, mass balance studies were conducted following single oral doses of [14C]taselisib in rats, dogs, and humans. Absolute bioavailability (ABA) of taselisib in humans was determined by oral administration of taselisib at the therapeutic dose followed by intravenous dosing of [14C]taselisib as a microtracer. The ABA in humans was 57.4%. Absorption of taselisib was rapid in rats and dogs and moderately slow in humans. The recovery of radioactivity in excreta was high (>96%) in the three species where feces was the major route of excretion. Taselisib was the major circulating component in the three species with no metabolite accounting for >10% of the total drug-derived material. The fraction absorbed of taselisib was 35.9% in rats and 71.4% in dogs. In rats, absorbed drug underwent moderate to extensive metabolism and biliary excretion of taselisib was minor. In dog, biliary excretion and metabolism were major clearance pathways. In humans, 84.2% of the dose was recovered as the parent drug in excreta indicating that metabolism played a minor role in the drug's clearance. Major metabolism pathways were oxidation and amide hydrolysis in the three species while methylation was another prominent metabolism pathway in dogs. The site of methylation was identified on the triazole moiety. In vitro experiments characterized that the N-methylation was dog-specific and likely mediated by a thiol methyltransferase. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This study provides a comprehensive description of the absorption, distribution, and metabolism and pharmacokinetic properties of taselisib in preclinical species and humans. This study demonstrated the importance of oral bioavailability results for understanding taselisib's clearance pathways. The study also describes the identification and characterization of a unique dog-specific N-methylation metabolite of taselisib and the enzyme mediating N-methylation in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuguang Ma
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (S.M., S.C., W.Z., J.P., X.D., B.D., L.S.) and Department of Clinical Pharmacology (S.S., J.Y.H., J.W.), Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California; and XenoBiotic Laboratories (B.W.), Inc., Plainsboro, New Jersey
| | - Sungjoon Cho
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (S.M., S.C., W.Z., J.P., X.D., B.D., L.S.) and Department of Clinical Pharmacology (S.S., J.Y.H., J.W.), Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California; and XenoBiotic Laboratories (B.W.), Inc., Plainsboro, New Jersey
| | - Srikumar Sahasranaman
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (S.M., S.C., W.Z., J.P., X.D., B.D., L.S.) and Department of Clinical Pharmacology (S.S., J.Y.H., J.W.), Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California; and XenoBiotic Laboratories (B.W.), Inc., Plainsboro, New Jersey
| | - Weiping Zhao
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (S.M., S.C., W.Z., J.P., X.D., B.D., L.S.) and Department of Clinical Pharmacology (S.S., J.Y.H., J.W.), Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California; and XenoBiotic Laboratories (B.W.), Inc., Plainsboro, New Jersey
| | - Jodie Pang
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (S.M., S.C., W.Z., J.P., X.D., B.D., L.S.) and Department of Clinical Pharmacology (S.S., J.Y.H., J.W.), Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California; and XenoBiotic Laboratories (B.W.), Inc., Plainsboro, New Jersey
| | - Xiao Ding
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (S.M., S.C., W.Z., J.P., X.D., B.D., L.S.) and Department of Clinical Pharmacology (S.S., J.Y.H., J.W.), Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California; and XenoBiotic Laboratories (B.W.), Inc., Plainsboro, New Jersey
| | - Brian Dean
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (S.M., S.C., W.Z., J.P., X.D., B.D., L.S.) and Department of Clinical Pharmacology (S.S., J.Y.H., J.W.), Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California; and XenoBiotic Laboratories (B.W.), Inc., Plainsboro, New Jersey
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (S.M., S.C., W.Z., J.P., X.D., B.D., L.S.) and Department of Clinical Pharmacology (S.S., J.Y.H., J.W.), Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California; and XenoBiotic Laboratories (B.W.), Inc., Plainsboro, New Jersey
| | - Jerry Y Hsu
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (S.M., S.C., W.Z., J.P., X.D., B.D., L.S.) and Department of Clinical Pharmacology (S.S., J.Y.H., J.W.), Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California; and XenoBiotic Laboratories (B.W.), Inc., Plainsboro, New Jersey
| | - Joseph Ware
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (S.M., S.C., W.Z., J.P., X.D., B.D., L.S.) and Department of Clinical Pharmacology (S.S., J.Y.H., J.W.), Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California; and XenoBiotic Laboratories (B.W.), Inc., Plainsboro, New Jersey
| | - Laurent Salphati
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (S.M., S.C., W.Z., J.P., X.D., B.D., L.S.) and Department of Clinical Pharmacology (S.S., J.Y.H., J.W.), Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California; and XenoBiotic Laboratories (B.W.), Inc., Plainsboro, New Jersey
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Duda-Chodak A, Tarko T. Possible Side Effects of Polyphenols and Their Interactions with Medicines. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062536. [PMID: 36985507 PMCID: PMC10058246 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols are an important component of plant-derived food with a wide spectrum of beneficial effects on human health. For many years, they have aroused great interest, especially due to their antioxidant properties, which are used in the prevention and treatment of many diseases. Unfortunately, as with any chemical substance, depending on the conditions, dose, and interactions with the environment, it is possible for polyphenols to also exert harmful effects. This review presents a comprehensive current state of the knowledge on the negative impact of polyphenols on human health, describing the possible side effects of polyphenol intake, especially in the form of supplements. The review begins with a brief overview of the physiological role of polyphenols and their potential use in disease prevention, followed by the harmful effects of polyphenols which are exerted in particular situations. The individual chapters discuss the consequences of polyphenols’ ability to block iron uptake, which in some subpopulations can be harmful, as well as the possible inhibition of digestive enzymes, inhibition of intestinal microbiota, interactions of polyphenolic compounds with drugs, and impact on hormonal balance. Finally, the prooxidative activity of polyphenols as well as their mutagenic, carcinogenic, and genotoxic effects are presented. According to the authors, there is a need to raise public awareness about the possible side effects of polyphenols supplementation, especially in the case of vulnerable subpopulations.
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Lautz LS, Hendriks AJ, Dorne JLCM, Louisse J, Kramer NI. Establishing allometric relationships between microsomal protein and cytochrome P450 content with body weight in vertebrate species. Toxicology 2023; 486:153429. [PMID: 36641055 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2023.153429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Data from in vitro studies are routinely used to estimate in vivo hepatic clearance of chemicals and this information is needed to parameterise physiologically based kinetic models. Such clearance data can be obtained from laboratory experiments using liver microsomes, hepatocytes, precision-cut liver slices or recombinant enzymes. Irrespective of the selected test system, scaling factors are required to convert the in vitro measured intrinsic clearance to a whole liver intrinsic clearance. Scaling factors such as the hepatic microsomal protein per gram of liver and/or the amount of cytochrome P450 per hepatocyte provide a means to calculate the whole liver intrinsic clearance. Here, a database from the peer-reviewed literature has been developed and provides quantitative metrics on microsomal protein (MP) and cytochrome P450 contents in vertebrate orders namely amphibians, mammals, birds, fish and reptiles. This database allows to address allometric relationships between body weight and MP content, and body weight and cytochrome P450 content. A total of 85 and 74 vertebrate species were included to assess the relationships between log10 body weight versus log10 MP, and between log10 body weight and log10 cytochrome P450 content, respectively. The resulting slopes range from 0.76 to 1.45 in a range of vertebrate species. Such data-driven allometric relationships can be used to estimate the MP content necessary for in vitro to in vivo extrapolation of in vitro clearance data. Future work includes applications of these relationships for different vertebrate taxa using quantitative in vitro to in vivo extrapolation models coupled to physiologically based kinetic models using chemicals of relevance as case studies including pesticides, contaminants and feed additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- L S Lautz
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, Wageningen University and Research, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708 WB Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - A J Hendriks
- Environmental Science, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - J L C M Dorne
- Methodology and Scientific Support Unit, European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), Via Carlo Magno 1 A, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - J Louisse
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, Wageningen University and Research, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708 WB Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - N I Kramer
- Toxicology, Wageningen University and Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, the Netherlands
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Thamm S, Willwacher MK, Aspnes GE, Bretschneider T, Brown NF, Buschbom-Helmke S, Fox T, Gargano EM, Grabowski D, Hoenke C, Matera D, Mueck K, Peters S, Reindl S, Riether D, Schmid M, Tautermann CS, Teitelbaum AM, Trünkle C, Veser T, Winter M, Wortmann L. Discovery of a Novel Potent and Selective HSD17B13 Inhibitor, BI-3231, a Well-Characterized Chemical Probe Available for Open Science. J Med Chem 2023; 66:2832-2850. [PMID: 36727857 PMCID: PMC9969402 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies in patients revealed HSD17B13 as a potential new target for the treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and other liver diseases. However, the physiological function and the disease-relevant substrate of HSD17B13 remain unknown. In addition, no suitable chemical probe for HSD17B13 has been published yet. Herein, we report the identification of the novel potent and selective HSD17B13 inhibitor BI-3231. Through high-throughput screening (HTS), using estradiol as substrate, compound 1 was identified and selected for subsequent optimization resulting in compound 45 (BI-3231). In addition to the characterization of compound 45 for its functional, physicochemical, and drug metabolism and pharmacokinetic (DMPK) properties, NAD+ dependency was investigated. To support Open Science, the chemical HSD17B13 probe BI-3231 will be available to the scientific community for free via the opnMe platform, and thus can help to elucidate the pharmacology of HSD17B13.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Thamm
- Boehringer
Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, 88397 Biberach an der Riß, Germany,
| | | | - Gary E. Aspnes
- Boehringer
Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, 88397 Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Tom Bretschneider
- Boehringer
Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, 88397 Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Nicholas F. Brown
- Boehringer
Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, PO Box 368, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877-0368, United States
| | | | - Thomas Fox
- Boehringer
Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, 88397 Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Emanuele M. Gargano
- Boehringer
Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, 88397 Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Daniel Grabowski
- Boehringer
Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, 88397 Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Christoph Hoenke
- Boehringer
Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, 88397 Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Damian Matera
- Boehringer
Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, PO Box 368, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877-0368, United States
| | - Katja Mueck
- Boehringer
Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, 88397 Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Stefan Peters
- Boehringer
Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, 88397 Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Sophia Reindl
- Boehringer
Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, 88397 Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Doris Riether
- Boehringer
Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, 88397 Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Matthias Schmid
- Boehringer
Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, 88397 Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | | | - Aaron M. Teitelbaum
- Boehringer
Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, 88397 Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Cornelius Trünkle
- Boehringer
Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, 88397 Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Thomas Veser
- Boehringer
Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, 88397 Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Martin Winter
- Boehringer
Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, 88397 Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Lars Wortmann
- Boehringer
Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, 88397 Biberach an der Riß, Germany,
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Estevez P, Gago-Martinez A. Contribution of Mass Spectrometry to the Advances in Risk Characterization of Marine Biotoxins: Towards the Characterization of Metabolites Implied in Human Intoxications. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:toxins15020103. [PMID: 36828418 PMCID: PMC9964301 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15020103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
A significant spread and prevalence of algal toxins and, in particular, marine biotoxins have been observed worldwide over the last decades. Marine biotoxins are natural contaminants produced during harmful algal blooms being accumulated in seafood, thus representing a threat to human health. Significant progress has been made in the last few years in the development of analytical methods able to evaluate and characterize the different toxic analogs involved in the contamination, Liquid Chromatography coupled to different detection modes, including Mass Spectrometry, the method of choice due to its potential for separation, identification, quantitation and even confirmation of the different above-mentioned analogs. Despite this, the risk characterization in humans is still limited, due to several reasons, including the lack of reference materials or even the limited access to biological samples from humans intoxicated during these toxic events and episodes, which hampered the advances in the evaluation of the metabolites responsible for the toxicity in humans. Mass Spectrometry has been proven to be a very powerful tool for confirmation, and in fact, it is playing an important role in the characterization of the new biotoxins analogs. The toxin metabolization in humans is still uncertain in most cases and needs further research in which the implementation of Mass Spectrometric methods is critical. This review is focused on compiling the most relevant information available regarding the metabolization of several marine biotoxins groups, which were identified using Mass Spectrometry after the in vitro exposition of these toxins to liver microsomes and hepatocytes. Information about the presence of metabolites in human samples, such as human urine after intoxication, which could also be used as potential biomarkers for diagnostic purposes, is also presented.
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Nigam SK, Granados JC. OAT, OATP, and MRP Drug Transporters and the Remote Sensing and Signaling Theory. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2023; 63:637-660. [PMID: 36206988 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-030322-084058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The coordinated movement of organic anions (e.g., drugs, metabolites, signaling molecules, nutrients, antioxidants, gut microbiome products) between tissues and body fluids depends, in large part, on organic anion transporters (OATs) [solute carrier 22 (SLC22)], organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs) [solute carrier organic (SLCO)], and multidrug resistance proteins (MRPs) [ATP-binding cassette, subfamily C (ABCC)]. Depending on the range of substrates, transporters in these families can be considered multispecific, oligospecific, or (relatively) monospecific. Systems biology analyses of these transporters in the context of expression patterns reveal they are hubs in networks involved in interorgan and interorganismal communication. The remote sensing and signaling theory explains how the coordinated functions of drug transporters, drug-metabolizing enzymes, and regulatory proteins play a role in optimizing systemic and local levels of important endogenous small molecules. We focus on the role of OATs, OATPs, and MRPs in endogenous metabolism and how their substrates (e.g., bile acids, short chain fatty acids, urate, uremic toxins) mediate interorgan and interorganismal communication and help maintain and restore homeostasis in healthy and disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay K Nigam
- Department of Pediatrics and Medicine (Nephrology), University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA;
| | - Jeffry C Granados
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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Development of a Dose-Adjusted Polygenic Risk Model for Anthracycline-Induced Cardiotoxicity. Ther Drug Monit 2023; 45:337-344. [PMID: 36728273 DOI: 10.1097/ftd.0000000000001077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anthracyclines, which are effective chemotherapeutic agents, cause cardiac dysfunction in up to 57% of patients. The cumulative anthracycline dose is a crucial predictor of cardiotoxicity; however, the cumulative dose alone cannot explain all cardiotoxic events. Strongly associated genetic variants in SLC28A3, UGT1A6, and RARG contribute to anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity in pediatric patients and may help identify those most susceptible. This study aimed to examine how these pharmacogenetic effects are modulated by cumulative anthracycline doses in the development of cardiotoxicity. METHODS A total of 595 anthracycline-treated children were genotyped and cardiotoxicity cases were identified. A dose-stratified analysis was performed to compare the contributions of SLC28A3 rs7853758, UGT1A6 rs17863783, and RARG rs2229774 variants to the development of cardiotoxicity in low-dose (<150 mg/m2 cumulative dose) and high-dose (>250 mg/m2 cumulative dose) patient groups. Logistic regression was used to model the relationships between the cumulative anthracycline dose, genetic variants, and cardiotoxicity in the full cohort. RESULTS At < 150 mg/m2 cumulative anthracycline dose, the SLC28A3 protective variant did not reach statistical significance [odds ratio (OR) 0.46 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.10-1.45), P = 0.23], but it was statistically significant at doses >250 mg/m2 [OR 0.43 (95% CI 0.22-0.78), P = 0.0093]. Conversely, the UGT1A6 and RARG risk variants were either statistically significant or approaching significance at doses <150 mg/m2 [OR 7.18 (95% CI 1.78-28.4), P = 0.0045 for UGT1A6 and OR 2.76 (95% CI 0.89-7.63), P = 0.057 for RARG], but not at doses >250 mg/m2 [OR 2.91 (95% CI 0.80-11.0), P = 0.10; OR 1.56 (95% CI 0.89-2.75), P = 0.12]. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that the SLC28A3 variant imparts more significant protection for patients receiving higher anthracycline doses, whereas the UGT1A6 and RARG risk variants significantly increased the risk of cardiotoxicity at low anthracycline doses.
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Zhong Y, De T, Mishra M, Avitia J, Alarcon C, Perera MA. Leveraging drug perturbation to reveal genetic regulators of hepatic gene expression in African Americans. Am J Hum Genet 2023; 110:58-70. [PMID: 36608685 PMCID: PMC9892765 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2022.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Expression quantitative locus (eQTL) studies have paved the way in identifying genetic variation impacting gene expression levels. African Americans (AAs) are disproportionately underrepresented in eQTL studies, resulting in a lack of power to identify population-specific regulatory variants especially related to drug response. Specific drugs are known to affect the biosynthesis of drug metabolism enzymes as well as other genes. We used drug perturbation in cultured primary hepatocytes derived from AAs to determine the effect of drug treatment on eQTL mapping and to identify the drug response eQTLs (reQTLs) that show altered effect size following drug treatment. Whole-genome genotyping (Illumina MEGA array) and RNA sequencing were performed on 60 primary hepatocyte cultures after treatment with six drugs (Rifampin, Phenytoin, Carbamazepine, Dexamethasone, Phenobarbital, and Omeprazole) and at baseline (no treatment). eQTLs were mapped by treatment and jointly with Meta-Tissue. We found varying transcriptional changes across different drug treatments and identified Nrf2 as a potential general transcriptional regulator. We jointly mapped eQTLs with gene expression data across all drug treatments and baseline, which increased our power to detect eQTLs by 2.7-fold. We also identified 2,988 reQTLs (eQTLs with altered effect size after drug treatment). reQTLs were more likely to overlap transcription factor binding sites, and we uncovered reQTLs for drug metabolizing genes such as CYP3A5. Our results provide insights into the genetic regulation of gene expression in hepatocytes through drug perturbation and provide insight into SNPs that effect the liver's ability to respond to transcription upregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhen Zhong
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Tanima De
- Integrative Translational Genetic, Regeneron Genetic Center, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Mrinal Mishra
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Juan Avitia
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Cristina Alarcon
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Minoli A Perera
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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Siddique A, Bashir S, Abbas M. Pharmacogenetics of Anticancer Drugs: Clinical Response and Toxicity. Cancer Treat Res 2023; 185:141-175. [PMID: 37306909 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-27156-4_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is the most challenging disease for medical professionals to treat. The factors underlying the complicated situation include anticancer drug-associated toxicity, non-specific response, low therapeutic window, variable treatment outcomes, development of drug resistance, treatment complications, and cancer recurrence. The remarkable advancement in biomedical sciences and genetics, over the past few decades, however, is changing the dire situation. The discovery of gene polymorphism, gene expression, biomarkers, particular molecular targets and pathways, and drug-metabolizing enzymes have paved the way for the development and provision of targeted and individualized anticancer treatment. Pharmacogenetics is the study of genetic factors having the potential to affect clinical responses and pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic behaviors of drugs. This chapter emphasizes pharmacogenetics of anticancer drugs and its applications in improving treatment outcomes, selectivity, toxicity of the drugs, and discovering and developing personalized anticancer drugs and genetic methods for prediction of drug response and toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammara Siddique
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Samra Bashir
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Capital University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Mateen Abbas
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Capital University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Sinha K, Ghosh J, Sil PC. Machine Learning in Drug Metabolism Study. Curr Drug Metab 2022; 23:CDM-EPUB-128463. [PMID: 36578255 DOI: 10.2174/1389200224666221227094144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic reactions in the body transform the administered drug into metabolites. These metabolites exhibit diverse biological activities. Drug metabolism is the major underlying cause of drug overdose-related toxicity, adversative drug effects and the drug's reduced efficacy. Though metabolic reactions deactivate a drug, drug metabolites are often considered pivotal agents for off-target effects or toxicity. On the other side, in combination drug therapy, one drug may influence another drug's metabolism and clearance and is thus considered one of the primary causes of drug-drug interactions. Today with the advancement of machine learning, the metabolic fate of a drug candidate can be comprehensively studied throughout the drug development procedure. Naïve Bayes, Logistic Regression, k-Nearest Neighbours, Decision Trees, different Boosting and Ensemble methods, Support Vector Machines and Artificial Neural Network boosted Deep Learning are some machine learning algorithms which are being extensively used in such studies. Such tools are covering several attributes of drug metabolism, with an emphasis on the prediction of drug-drug interactions, drug-target-interactions, clinical drug responses, metabolite predictions, sites of metabolism, etc. These reports are crucial for evaluating metabolic stability and predicting prospective drug-drug interactions, and can help pharmaceutical companies accelerate the drug development process in a less resource-demanding manner than what in vitro studies offer. It could also help medical practitioners to use combinatorial drug therapy in a more resourceful manner. Also, with the help of the enormous growth of deep learning, traditional fields of computational drug development like molecular interaction fields, molecular docking, quantitative structure-to-activity relationship (QSAR) studies and quantum mechanical simulations are producing results which were unimaginable couple of years back. This review provides a glimpse of a few contextually relevant machine learning algorithms and then focuses on their outcomes in different studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Parames C Sil
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata-700054
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Lootens O, Vermeulen A, Croubels S, De Saeger S, Van Bocxlaer J, De Boevre M. Possible Mechanisms of the Interplay between Drugs and Mycotoxins-Is There a Possible Impact? Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14120873. [PMID: 36548770 PMCID: PMC9787578 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14120873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxin contamination is a global food safety issue leading to major public health concerns. Repeated exposure to multiple mycotoxins not only has repercussions on human health but could theoretically also lead to interactions with other xenobiotic substances-such as drugs-in the body by altering their pharmacokinetics and/or pharmacodynamics. The combined effects of chronic drug use and mycotoxin exposure need to be well understood in order to draw valid conclusions and, in due course, to develop guidelines. The aim of this review is to focus on food contaminants, more precisely on mycotoxins, and drugs. First, a description of relevant mycotoxins and their effects on human health and metabolism is presented. The potential for interactions of mycotoxins with drugs using in vitro and in vivo animal experiments is summarized. Predictive software tools for unraveling mycotoxin-drug interactions are proposed and future perspectives on this emerging topic are highlighted with a view to evaluate associated risks and to focus on precision medicine. In vitro and in vivo animal studies have shown that mycotoxins affect CYP450 enzyme activity. An impact from drugs on mycotoxins mediated via CYP450-enzymes is plausible; however, an impact of mycotoxins on drugs is less likely considering the much smaller dose exposure to mycotoxins. Drugs that are CYP450 perpetrators and/or substrates potentially influence the metabolism of mycotoxins, metabolized via these CYP450 enzymes. To date, very little research has been conducted on this matter. The only statistically sound reports describe mycotoxins as victims and drugs as perpetrators in interactions; however, more analysis on mycotoxin-drug interactions needs to be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orphélie Lootens
- Centre of Excellence in Mycotoxicology and Public Health, Department of Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry and Clinical Analysis, Department of Bioanalysis, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- MYTOX-SOUTH, International Thematic Network, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Correspondence: (O.L.); (M.D.B.)
| | - An Vermeulen
- Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry and Clinical Analysis, Department of Bioanalysis, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Siska Croubels
- MYTOX-SOUTH, International Thematic Network, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Sarah De Saeger
- Centre of Excellence in Mycotoxicology and Public Health, Department of Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- MYTOX-SOUTH, International Thematic Network, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein Campus, P.O. Box 17011, Gauteng 2028, South Africa
| | - Jan Van Bocxlaer
- Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry and Clinical Analysis, Department of Bioanalysis, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marthe De Boevre
- Centre of Excellence in Mycotoxicology and Public Health, Department of Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- MYTOX-SOUTH, International Thematic Network, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Correspondence: (O.L.); (M.D.B.)
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Liu Z, Tian Y, Zhang X, Wang J, Yang J. Identification of a novel prognostic ADME-related signature associated with tumor immunity for aiding therapy in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Gene Ther 2022; 30:659-670. [PMID: 36380145 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-022-00557-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The genes that control drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) are also involved in carcinogenesis, cancer progression, and chemoresistance. However, no studies have systematically investigated the clinical significance and underlying functions of ADME genes in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Herein, we comprehensively explored the ADME genes in this disease, constructed and validated as a prognostic ADME gene signature (ADMEGS), using three ADME genes (ABCB1, ALDH1B1, and PON2) utilizing multiple datasets, including the training and test sets of The Cancer Genome Atlas and the Gene Expression Omnibus validation set. Moreover, we analyzed the relationship between the ADMEGS and clinical parameters, tumor immunity, and therapeutic response. We found that the ADMEGS was significantly correlated with the clinical, T, and N stages. Additionally, we were able to effectively differentiate tumor immune scores, immune cell infiltration statuses, and treatment responses based on the ADMEGS. As such, ADMEGS may be promising predictors for clinical outcome, tumor immunity, and treatment response.
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Silva M, Brand A, Novaes F, Rezende C. Cafestol, Kahweol and Their Acylated Derivatives: Antitumor Potential, Pharmacokinetics, and Chemopreventive Profile. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2022.2141776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M.A.E. Silva
- Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - A.L.M. Brand
- Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - F.J.M. Novaes
- Chemistry Department, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - C.M Rezende
- Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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49
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Iversen DB, Andersen NE, Dalgård Dunvald A, Pottegård A, Stage TB. Drug metabolism and drug transport of the 100 most prescribed oral drugs. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2022; 131:311-324. [PMID: 35972991 PMCID: PMC9804310 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Safe and effective use of drugs requires an understanding of metabolism and transport. We identified the 100 most prescribed drugs in six countries and conducted a literature search on in vitro data to assess contribution of Phase I and II enzymes and drug transporters to metabolism and transport. Eighty-nine of the 100 drugs undergo drug metabolism or are known substrates for drug transporters. Phase I enzymes are involved in metabolism of 67 drugs, while Phase II enzymes mediate metabolism of 18 drugs. CYP3A4/5 is the most important Phase I enzyme involved in metabolism of 43 drugs followed by CYP2D6 (23 drugs), CYP2C9 (23 drugs), CYP2C19 (22 drugs), CYP1A2 (14 drugs) and CYP2C8 (11 drugs). More than half of the drugs (54 drugs) are known substrates for drug transporters. P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is known to be involved in transport of 30 drugs, while breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) facilitates transport of 11 drugs. A considerable proportion of drugs are subject to a combination of Phase I metabolism, Phase II metabolism and/or drug transport. We conclude that the majority of the most frequently prescribed drugs depend on drug metabolism or drug transport. Thus, understanding variability of drug metabolism and transport remains a priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ditte B. Iversen
- Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public HealthUniversity of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
| | - Nanna Elman Andersen
- Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public HealthUniversity of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
| | - Ann‐Cathrine Dalgård Dunvald
- Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public HealthUniversity of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
| | - Anton Pottegård
- Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public HealthUniversity of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
| | - Tore B. Stage
- Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public HealthUniversity of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
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Liu L, Liu Y, Zhou X, Xu Z, Zhang Y, Ji L, Hong C, Li C. Analyzing the metabolic fate of oral administration drugs: A review and state-of-the-art roadmap. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:962718. [PMID: 36278150 PMCID: PMC9585159 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.962718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The key orally delivered drug metabolism processes are reviewed to aid the assessment of the current in vivo/vitro experimental systems applicability for evaluating drug metabolism and the interaction potential. Orally administration is the most commonly used state-of-the-art road for drug delivery due to its ease of administration, high patient compliance and cost-effectiveness. Roles of gut metabolic enzymes and microbiota in drug metabolism and absorption suggest that the gut is an important site for drug metabolism, while the liver has long been recognized as the principal organ responsible for drugs or other substances metabolism. In this contribution, we explore various experimental models from their development to the application for studying oral drugs metabolism of and summarized advantages and disadvantages. Undoubtedly, understanding the possible metabolic mechanism of drugs in vivo and evaluating the procedure with relevant models is of great significance for screening potential clinical drugs. With the increasing popularity and prevalence of orally delivered drugs, sophisticated experimental models with higher predictive capacity for the metabolism of oral drugs used in current preclinical studies will be needed. Collectively, the review seeks to provide a comprehensive roadmap for researchers in related fields.
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