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Yan S, Chen S, Liu Y, Liang H, Zhang X, Zhang Q, Xiu J. Associations of serum carotenoids with visceral adiposity index and lipid accumulation product: a cross-sectional study based on NHANES 2001-2006. Lipids Health Dis 2023; 22:209. [PMID: 38037060 PMCID: PMC10691056 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-023-01945-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Visceral adiposity index (VAI) and lipid accumulation product (LAP) are comprehensive indicators to evaluate visceral fat and determine the metabolic health of individuals. Carotenoids are a group of naturally occurring antioxidants associated with several diseases. The purpose of this investigation was to explore the association between serum carotenoid concentration and VAI or LAP. METHODS The data were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between 2001 and 2006. The levels of serum carotenoids were evaluated using high-performance liquid chromatography. Multivariate linear regression models were employed to investigate the relationship between levels of serum carotenoids and VAI or LAP. The potential non-linear relationship was determined using threshold effect analysis and fitted smoothing curves. Stratification analysis was performed to investigate the potential modifying factors. RESULTS In total, 5,084 participants were included in this population-based investigation. In the multivariate linear regressions, compared to the lowest quartiles of serum carotenoids, the highest quartiles were significantly associated with VAI, and the effect size (β) and 95% CI was - 0.98 (- 1.34, - 0.62) for α-carotene, - 1.39 (- 1.77, - 1.00) for β-carotene, - 0.79 (- 1.18, - 0.41) for β-cryptoxanthin, - 0.68 (- 0.96, - 0.39) for lutein/zeaxanthin, and - 0.88 (- 1.50, - 0.27) for trans-lycopene. Using piece-wise linear regression models, non-linear relationships were found between β-carotene and trans-lycopene and VAI with an inflection point of 2.44 (log2-transformed, ug/dL) and 3.80 (log2-transformed, ug/dL), respectively. The results indicated that α-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, and lutein/zeaxanthin were linearly associated with VAI. An inverse association was also found between serum carotenoids and LAP after complete adjustments. CONCLUSION This study revealed that several serum carotenoids were associated with VAI or LAP among the general American population. Further large prospective investigations are warranted to support this finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohua Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Siyu Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yumiao Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Hongbin Liang
- Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Xinlu Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Qiuxia Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Jiancheng Xiu
- Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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Sørensen HM, Rochfort KD, Maye S, MacLeod G, Loscher C, Brabazon D, Freeland B. Bioactive Ingredients from Dairy-Based Lactic Acid Bacterial Fermentations for Functional Food Production and Their Health Effects. Nutrients 2023; 15:4754. [PMID: 38004148 PMCID: PMC10675170 DOI: 10.3390/nu15224754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria are traditionally applied in a variety of fermented food products, and they have the ability to produce a wide range of bioactive ingredients during fermentation, including vitamins, bacteriocins, bioactive peptides, and bioactive compounds. The bioactivity and health benefits associated with these ingredients have garnered interest in applications in the functional dairy market and have relevance both as components produced in situ and as functional additives. This review provides a brief description of the regulations regarding the functional food market in the European Union, as well as an overview of some of the functional dairy products currently available in the Irish and European markets. A better understanding of the production of these ingredients excreted by lactic acid bacteria can further drive the development and innovation of the continuously growing functional food market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Mylise Sørensen
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, D09 DX63 Dublin, Ireland; (C.L.); (B.F.)
- I-Form, Advanced Manufacturing Research Centre, Dublin City University, D09 DX63 Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Keith D. Rochfort
- School of Nursing, Psychotherapy and Community Health, Dublin City University, D09 DX63 Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Susan Maye
- Dairygold Co-Operative Society Limited, Clonmel Road, Co. Cork, P67 DD36 Mitchelstown, Ireland; (S.M.); (G.M.)
| | - George MacLeod
- Dairygold Co-Operative Society Limited, Clonmel Road, Co. Cork, P67 DD36 Mitchelstown, Ireland; (S.M.); (G.M.)
| | - Christine Loscher
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, D09 DX63 Dublin, Ireland; (C.L.); (B.F.)
| | - Dermot Brabazon
- I-Form, Advanced Manufacturing Research Centre, Dublin City University, D09 DX63 Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Brian Freeland
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, D09 DX63 Dublin, Ireland; (C.L.); (B.F.)
- I-Form, Advanced Manufacturing Research Centre, Dublin City University, D09 DX63 Dublin, Ireland;
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3
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Saad B. A Review of the Anti-Obesity Effects of Wild Edible Plants in the Mediterranean Diet and Their Active Compounds: From Traditional Uses to Action Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targets. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12641. [PMID: 37628822 PMCID: PMC10454857 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a long-term condition resulting from a continuous imbalance between the amount of energy consumed and expended. It is associated with premature mortality and contributes to a large portion of the global chronic disease burden, including diabesity, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and some cancers. While lifestyle changes and dietary adjustments are the primary ways to manage obesity, they may not always be sufficient for long-term weight loss. In these cases, medication may be necessary. However, the options for drugs are limited due to their potential side effects. As a result, there is a need to identify safe and effective alternative treatments. Recently, dietary compounds, plants, and bioactive phytochemicals have been considered as promising sources for discovering new pharmacological agents to treat obesity and its related complications. These natural products can function independently or synergistically with other plants to augment their effects at various levels of the body. They can modulate appetite, lipase activity, thermogenesis and fat synthesis and degradation, satiation, adipogenesis, and adipocyte apoptosis. Additionally, targeting adipocyte growth and differentiation with diverse medicinal plants/diet is a significant strategy for devising new anti-obesity drugs that can intervene in preadipocytes, maturing preadipocytes, and mature adipocytes. Clinical trials have shown that the wild edible plants in the Mediterranean diet can reduce the risk of obesity and its related diseases. This review examines the effectiveness of the common components of the Mediterranean diet in managing obesity and its associated health issues. We conducted a comprehensive literature review using PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and Medline Plus to gather data on the therapeutic effects of the Mediterranean diet and phytochemicals in treating obesity and its associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bashar Saad
- Qasemi Research Center, Al-Qasemi Academic College, P.O. Box 124, Baqa al-Gharbiyye 3010000, Israel;
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, The Arab American University, Jenin P.O. Box 240, Palestine;
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Vitamin A: A Key Inhibitor of Adipocyte Differentiation. PPAR Res 2023; 2023:7405954. [PMID: 36776154 PMCID: PMC9908342 DOI: 10.1155/2023/7405954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibiting adipocyte differentiation, the conversion of preadipocytes to mature functional adipocytes, might represent a new approach to treating obesity and related metabolic disorders. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ and CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein α are two master coregulators controlling adipogenesis both in culture and in vivo. Many recent studies have confirmed the relationship between retinoic acid (RA) and the conversion of embryonic stem cells into adipocytes; however, these studies have shown that RA potently blocks the differentiation of preadipocytes into mature adipocytes. Nevertheless, the functional role of RA in early tissue development and stem cell differentiation, including in adipose tissue, remains unclear. This study highlights transcription factors that block adipocyte differentiation and maintain preadipocyte status, focusing on those controlled by RA. However, some of these novel adipogenesis inhibitors have not been validated in vivo, and their mechanisms of action require further clarification.
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Gopal SS, Sukhdeo SV, Vallikannan B, Ponesakki G. Lutein ameliorates high-fat diet-induced obesity, fatty liver, and glucose intolerance in C57BL/6J mice. Phytother Res 2023; 37:329-341. [PMID: 36086831 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a multi-factorial metabolic syndrome that increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and cancer. We recently demonstrated the antiadipogenic efficacy of lutein using a 3 T3-L1 cell culture model. This study aimed to examine the antiobesity efficacy of lutein on high-fat (60% kcal fat) diet-induced C57BL/6J obese mice model. Lutein (300 and 500 μM), Orlistat (30 mg/kg body weight - positive control), and its combination (orlistat, 15 mg/kg body weight+lutein, 300 μM) were administered in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice every other day for 24 weeks. The effect on serum and hepatic lipid parameters was estimated using biochemical assay kits. The adipose tissue expression of adipocyte differentiation markers at gene and protein levels was analyzed by RT-PCR and western blotting, respectively. The results showed that lutein administration and drug significantly reduced epididymal and abdominal adipose tissue weights. Further, lutein reduced the serum cholesterol and LDL-C concentration compared to the HFD group. The HFD-induced elevation in the hepatic triglycerides and cholesterol levels were significantly blocked by lutein and its combination with the drug. Similarly, lutein and its drug combination efficiently lowered the HFD-mediated elevated blood glucose levels. Lutein downregulated the expression of CEBP-α, PPAR-γ, and FAS in the epididymal adipose tissue. Thus, supplementation of lutein may control diet-induced obesity and associated complications in the human population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sowmya Shree Gopal
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Mysuru, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Shinde Vijay Sukhdeo
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India.,Department of Meat and Marine Science, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Mysuru, India
| | - Baskaran Vallikannan
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India.,Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Mysuru, India
| | - Ganesan Ponesakki
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Mysuru, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India.,Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute (CLRI), Chennai, India
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Bertoncini-Silva C, Zingg JM, Fassini PG, Suen VMM. Bioactive dietary components-Anti-obesity effects related to energy metabolism and inflammation. Biofactors 2022; 49:297-321. [PMID: 36468445 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is the result of the long-term energy imbalance between the excess calories consumed and the few calories expended. Reducing the intake of energy dense foods (fats, sugars), and strategies such as fasting and caloric restriction can promote body weight loss. Not only energy in terms of calories, but also the specific composition of the diet can affect the way the food is absorbed and how its energy is stored, used or dissipated. Recent research has shown that bioactive components of food, such as polyphenols and vitamins, can influence obesity and its pathologic complications such as insulin resistance, inflammation and metabolic syndrome. Individual micronutrients can influence lipid turnover but for long-term effects on weight stability, dietary patterns containing several micronutrients may be required. At the molecular level, these molecules modulate signaling and the expression of genes that are involved in the regulation of energy intake, lipid metabolism, adipogenesis into white, beige and brown adipose tissue, thermogenesis, lipotoxicity, adipo/cytokine synthesis, and inflammation. Higher concentrations of these molecules can be reached in the intestine, where they can modulate the composition and action of the microbiome. In this review, the molecular mechanisms by which bioactive compounds and vitamins modulate energy metabolism, inflammation and obesity are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Bertoncini-Silva
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nutrology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jean-Marc Zingg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Priscila Giacomo Fassini
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nutrology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vivian Marques Miguel Suen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nutrology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Amini MR, Payandeh N, Sheikhhossein F, Alvani M, Talebyan A, Mohtashaminia F, Hekmatdoost A. The Effects of Capsinoids and Fermented Red Pepper Paste Supplementation on Lipid Profile: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Clin Nutr Res 2022; 11:302-315. [PMID: 36381475 PMCID: PMC9633970 DOI: 10.7762/cnr.2022.11.4.302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The present systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted in order to investigate the effects of capsinoids and fermented red pepper paste (FRPP) supplementation on lipid profile. Relevant studies were identified by searches of five databases from inception to November 2021 using relevant keywords. All clinical trials investigating the effect of capsinoids and FRPP on total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were included. Out of 1,203 citations, eight trials that enrolled 393 participants were included. Capsinoids and FRPP resulted in a significant reduction in TC (weighted mean differences [WMD], -9.92 mg/dL; 95% confidence interval [CI], -17.92 to -1.92; p = 0.015) but no significant changes in TG (WMD, -19.38 mg/dL; 95% CI, -39.94 to 1.18; p = 0.065), HDL-C (WMD, 0.83 mg/dL; 95% CI, -0.76 to 2.42; p = 0.305) and LDL-C (WMD, -0.59 mg/dL; 95% CI, -4.96 to 3.79; p = 0.793). Greater effects on TC were detected in trials performed on duration lasting less than twelve weeks, mean age of > 40, both sexes, and sample size of > 50. TG was reduced by using FRPP in studies conducted on mean age of > 40. HDL-C increased by using FRPP in studies conducted on duration of < 12 weeks, mean age of > 40, and sample size of ≤ 50. Overall, these data provided evidence that capsinoids and FRPP supplementation has beneficial effects on TC but not TG, HDL-C, and LDL-C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Amini
- Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 198396-3113, Iran
| | - Nastaran Payandeh
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran 14155-6117, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sheikhhossein
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran 14155-6117, Iran
| | - Mohsen Alvani
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746-73461, Iran
| | - Alireza Talebyan
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71348-14336, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mohtashaminia
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran 14155-6117, Iran
| | - Azita Hekmatdoost
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 198396-3113, Iran
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Yatsuhashi H, Takumi H, Terada Y, Kuriki T. Effects of Oral Supplementation with Paprika Xanthophylls on Human Skin Moisture. J Oleo Sci 2022; 71:735-745. [PMID: 35387919 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess21427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids, classified into carotenes and xanthophylls, are natural lipophilic pigments that are widely distributed in plants. Red paprika is unique in its high levels of various xanthophylls. Dietary paprika xanthophylls have been shown to reduce UV-induced photo damage by the strong antioxidant activity in the skin. However, the precise effects of paprika xanthophylls on skin condition are still unknown. Here we show that skin moisture is enhanced by the intake of red paprika supplements including seven xanthophylls. We conducted a 4-week randomized, single-blind, parallel-group controlled trial to clarify the effects of dietary paprika xanthophylls on facial skin. The results showed that the moisture was significantly higher in the paprika intake group than in the control (21.0±8.9 vs 13.4±6.0 (A.U.)). There was no significant difference between the paprika and control groups in other parameters such as viscoelasticity, the number of wrinkles, and the amount of water evaporation. On the other hand, the number of brown stains in the paprika group increased significantly, to 190±26 from 173±30 (p < 0.05). In vitro experiments, quantitative real-time PCR showed that paprika extract led to increases in the gene expression of Aquaporin 3 (AQP3) and hyaluronic acid synthase 3 (HAS3) in cultured keratinocytes. Western blotting showed that the paprika extract enhanced AQP3 expression. Taken together, taking supplements containing paprika xanthophylls may provide beneficial effects of moisture on facial skin. The study provides new insights into understanding the role of paprika xanthophylls in the skin.
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Burhop M, Schuchardt JP, Nebl J, Müller M, Lichtinghagen R, Hahn A. Marine Oil from C. finmarchicus Enhances Glucose Homeostasis and Liver Insulin Resistance in Obese Prediabetic Individuals. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14020396. [PMID: 35057577 PMCID: PMC8780836 DOI: 10.3390/nu14020396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The intermediate state between normal glucose tolerance and overt type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with micro- and macrovascular diseases, requiring safe and cost-effective treatment measures interventions. A novel source of LC n-3 FAs is Calanus finmarchicus Oil, which showed promising effects on glucose homeostasis in preclinical studies due to anti-obesity effects and/or anti-inflammatory properties. In total, 43 obese patients (BMI: 31.7 ± 5.2 kg/m2) were allocated in the following two groups: (1) Calanus oil group (2 g CO/day) and (2) placebo group (2 g paraffin oil/day). Markers of glucose metabolism, body composition and energy intake were measured at the beginning (t0), after 12 weeks (t12) and 16 weeks (t16). Overall, parameters reflecting abnormal glucose homeostasis and insulin resistance in the liver, including fasting insulin (−2.9 mU/L ± 4.10, p < 0.05), HOMA-IR (−0.9 ± 1.28, p < 0.05) and hepatic insulin resistance index (−1.06 ± 1.72 × 106, p < 0.05) significantly enhanced after a 12-week CO-intervention, while no differences were observed in HbA1c, AUC0–2h Glucose, AUC0–2h Insulin, 2 h plasma glucose and muscle insulin sensitivity index. Our results indicate that Calanus oil causes beneficial effects on glucose metabolism and insulin resistance in obese patients, with clinical relevance to be verified in further studies. In addition, the possible active compounds and their mechanisms of action should be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Burhop
- Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Leibniz University Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany; (J.P.S.); (J.N.); (M.M.); (A.H.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Jan Philipp Schuchardt
- Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Leibniz University Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany; (J.P.S.); (J.N.); (M.M.); (A.H.)
| | - Josefine Nebl
- Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Leibniz University Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany; (J.P.S.); (J.N.); (M.M.); (A.H.)
| | - Mattea Müller
- Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Leibniz University Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany; (J.P.S.); (J.N.); (M.M.); (A.H.)
| | - Ralf Lichtinghagen
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Andreas Hahn
- Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Leibniz University Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany; (J.P.S.); (J.N.); (M.M.); (A.H.)
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Shokri-Mashhadi N, Saadat S. Comment on "The association between carotenoids and subjects with overweight or obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis" by N. Yao, S. Yan, Y. Guo, H. Wang, X. Li, L. Wang, W. Hu, B. Li and W. Cui, Food Funct., 2021, 12, 4768. Food Funct 2022; 13:451-453. [PMID: 34907411 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo01617b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The association between carotenoids and subjects with overweight or obesity: reanalysis is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafiseh Shokri-Mashhadi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, 81746-73461, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Saeed Saadat
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Heinrich Heine Universität, Düsseldorf, Department of computer sciences, Germany
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Amini MR, Talebyan A, Payandeh N, Sheikhhossein F, Mohtashaminia F, Gholami F. The effects of capsinoids and fermented red pepper paste supplementation on Glycaemic Control: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Int J Clin Pract 2021; 75:e14803. [PMID: 34487384 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.14803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to investigate the effects of capsinoids supplementation on glycaemic control. METHODS Relevant studies, published up to May 2020, were searched through PubMed/Medline, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, Embase and Google Scholar. All randomised clinical trials investigating the effect of capsinoids supplementation on glycaemic control were included. RESULTS Of 326 citations, eight trials with nine effect sizes that enrolled 530 subjects were included. Capsinoids and red pepper resulted in no significant reduction in glucose (Weighted mean differences (WMD): -0.27 mg/dL; 95% CI: -1.9 to 1.37, P = .75), insulin (WMD: -0.09 µU/mL; 95% CI: -1.76 to 1.57, P = .913), homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (WMD: 0.52; 95% CI: -0.29 to 1.32, P = .208) and haemoglobin A1C (HbA1C) (WMD: 0.01%; 95% CI: -0.04 to 0.05, P = .712). Greater effects on glucose were detected in trials performed on both gender, using red pepper, lasted ≥12 weeks, and participants aged >40 years old and recruited greater sample size >50. Insulin and HOMA-IR were reduced by using red pepper. CONCLUSION Overall, these data suggest that capsinoids and red pepper supplementation did not have beneficial effects on glucose, insulin, HbA1C and HOMA-IR but significantly reduce glucose in people older than 40 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Amini
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Talebyan
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Nastaran Payandeh
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sheikhhossein
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mohtashaminia
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Gholami
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
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Abstract
Dietary intake and tissue levels of carotenoids have been associated with a reduced risk of several chronic diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, obesity, brain-related diseases and some types of cancer. However, intervention trials with isolated carotenoid supplements have mostly failed to confirm the postulated health benefits. It has thereby been speculated that dosing, matrix and synergistic effects, as well as underlying health and the individual nutritional status plus genetic background do play a role. It appears that our knowledge on carotenoid-mediated health benefits may still be incomplete, as the underlying mechanisms of action are poorly understood in relation to human relevance. Antioxidant mechanisms - direct or via transcription factors such as NRF2 and NF-κB - and activation of nuclear hormone receptor pathways such as of RAR, RXR or also PPARs, via carotenoid metabolites, are the basic principles which we try to connect with carotenoid-transmitted health benefits as exemplified with described common diseases including obesity/diabetes and cancer. Depending on the targeted diseases, single or multiple mechanisms of actions may play a role. In this review and position paper, we try to highlight our present knowledge on carotenoid metabolism and mechanisms translatable into health benefits related to several chronic diseases.
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Toh DWK, Sutanto CN, Loh WW, Lee WY, Yao Y, Ong CN, Kim JE. Skin carotenoids status as a potential surrogate marker for cardiovascular disease risk determination in middle-aged and older adults. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2021; 31:592-601. [PMID: 33358716 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2020.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Upon consumption, carotenoids, which may attenuate cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, diffuse from the blood and accumulate in the skin. This study aimed to assess the associations between dietary, plasma, and skin carotenoids with CVD risk indicators and to examine the mediational role of plasma carotenoids in the relationship between skin carotenoids status (SCS) and CVD risk. METHODS AND RESULTS Dietary, plasma, and skin carotenoids were assessed in a cross-sectional study from a community in Singapore (n = 103) aged 50 to 75 y. Multiple linear regression and binary logistics regression models were used to examine the associations between the carotenoids status with classical CVD risk factors and composite CVD risk indicators. After controlling for covariates, SCS and plasma carotenoids were inversely associated with systolic blood pressure (skin: P < 0.001; plasma: P < 0.05) and diastolic blood pressure (skin: P < 0.001; plasma: P < 0.005). Additionally, each increment of 1000 in SCS was associated with an odds ratio of 0.924 (P < 0.01) for metabolic syndrome diagnosis and 0.945 (P < 0.05) for moderate to high CVD risk classification. Associations between SCS and composite CVD risk indicators were null when adjusted for the corresponding plasma carotenoids, indicating complete mediation. Dietary carotenoids, however, showed no relationship with the CVD risk indicators. CONCLUSION Carotenoids bioavailability may be important for cardiovascular protection. SCS, driven by the corresponding plasma carotenoids, could be a potential noninvasive surrogate marker for CVD risk determination in middle-aged and older adults. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT03554954, https://clinicaltrials.gov/. TRIAL REGISTRATION DATE 13 June 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darel Wee Kiat Toh
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Clarinda N Sutanto
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wen Wei Loh
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wan Yee Lee
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yuanhang Yao
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Choon Nam Ong
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jung Eun Kim
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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Yao N, Yan S, Guo Y, Wang H, Li X, Wang L, Hu W, Li B, Cui W. The association between carotenoids and subjects with overweight or obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Food Funct 2021; 12:4768-4782. [PMID: 33977977 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo00004g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excess body weight, including overweight and obesity, is one of the major factors influencing human health, and plays an important role in the global burden of disease. Carotenoids serve as precursors of vitamin A-related retinoids, and are considered to have potential effects on many diseases. However, the influence of carotenoids on people with excess body weight is unclear. METHODS This meta-analysis was conducted to assess the effects of carotenoids on overweight or obese subjects utilizing the available evidence. We searched PubMed, Medline, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and EMBASE databases up to September 2020. Random effects models were used to calculate the standard mean differences (SMDs) and odds ratios (ORs) with their 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). RESULTS A total of seven randomized controlled trials and eight observational studies met the inclusion criteria and contained 28 944 subjects and data on multiple carotenoid subgroups, including lycopene, astaxanthin, cryptoxanthin, α-carotene, and β-carotene. In all included Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT), the intervention duration was 20 days at the shortest and 16 weeks at the longest, and the range of intervention doses was 1.2-60 mg d-1. Our study found that the insufficiency of serum carotenoids was a risk factor for overweight and obesity (OR = 1.73, 95% CI [1.57, 1.91], p < 0.001). Moreover, carotenoid supplementation was significantly associated with body weight reductions (SMD = -2.34 kg, 95% CI [-3.80, -0.87] kg, p < 0.001), body mass index decrease (BMI, SMD = -0.95 kg cm-2, 95% CI [-1.88, -0.01] kg cm-2, p < 0.001) and waist circumference losses (WC, SMD = -1.84 cm, 95% CI [-3.14, -0.54]cm, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION In summary, the carotenoids show promising effects in overweight or obese subjects. Additional data from large clinical trials are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Yao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, P. R. China.
| | - Shoumeng Yan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, P. R. China.
| | - Yinpei Guo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, P. R. China.
| | - Han Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaotong Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, P. R. China.
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, P. R. China.
| | - Wenyu Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, P. R. China.
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, P. R. China.
| | - Weiwei Cui
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, P. R. China.
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Villa-Rivera MG, Ochoa-Alejo N. Chili Pepper Carotenoids: Nutraceutical Properties and Mechanisms of Action. Molecules 2020; 25:E5573. [PMID: 33260997 PMCID: PMC7729576 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chili pepper is a prominent cultivated horticultural crop that is traditionally used for food seasoning and is applied for the treatment and prevention of multiple diseases. Its beneficial health properties are due to its abundance and variety of bioactive components, such as carotenoids, capsaicinoids, and vitamins. In particular, carotenoids have important nutraceutical properties, and several studies have focused on their potential in the prevention and treatment of human diseases. In this article, we reviewed the state of knowledge of general aspects of chili pepper carotenoids (biosynthesis pathway, types and content in Capsicum spp., and the effects of processing on carotenoid content) and recent findings on the effects of carotenoid nutraceuticals, such as antioxidant, cancer preventive, anti-inflammatory, cardiovascular disorder preventive, and anti-obesity effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Neftalí Ochoa-Alejo
- Departamento de Ingeniería Genética, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Irapuato, Guanajuato 36824, Mexico;
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Umigai N, Kozai Y, Saito T, Takara T. Effects of paprika carotenoid supplementation on bone turnover in postmenopausal women: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group comparison study. Food Nutr Res 2020; 64:4565. [PMID: 33240029 PMCID: PMC7672447 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v64.4565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Paprika (Capsicum annuum L.) is a good source of carotenoids, including capsanthin, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, and zeaxanthin. Several epidemiological studies have shown a beneficial association of intake of these carotenoids or their blood concentration with bone mineral density (BMD) and fracture risk. However, little information is available regarding the effect of intake of these carotenoids on bone metabolism in postmenopausal women. Objective The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of paprika carotenoid extract (PCE) on bone turnover in healthy, postmenopausal women. Design We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group comparison study. One hundred participants were randomly assigned to PCE or placebo groups. Each group was given a 20 mg PCE (equivalent to 1.4 mg of carotenoids) a day or a placebo for 24 weeks. We measured bone resorption markers (tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b [TRACP-5b] and serum type I collagen cross-linked N-telopeptide [sNTX]) at 12 and 24 weeks and bone formation markers (bone alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin) at 24 weeks. Results The percentage decrease of TRACP-5b at 24 weeks was significantly higher for PCE than the placebo. There were no significant differences in sNTX or bone formation markers, although PCE decreased each marker compared with the placebo. Conclusion Our findings suggest that PCE supplementation suppresses bone resorption and contributes to maintaining bone quality in postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yusuke Kozai
- Department of Dentomaxillofacial Diagnosis and Treatment, Kanagawa Dental University, Kanagawa, Japan
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Wasserfurth P, Nebl J, Schuchardt JP, Müller M, Boßlau TK, Krüger K, Hahn A. Effects of Exercise Combined with a Healthy Diet or Calanus finmarchicus Oil Supplementation on Body Composition and Metabolic Markers-A Pilot Study. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12072139. [PMID: 32708396 PMCID: PMC7400904 DOI: 10.3390/nu12072139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is accompanied by a progressive decline in muscle mass and an increase in fat mass, which are detrimental changes associated with the development of health conditions such as type-2 diabetes mellitus or chronic low-grade inflammation. Although both exercise as well as nutritional interventions are known to be beneficial in counteracting those age-related changes, data to which extent untrained elderly people may benefit is still sparse. Therefore, a randomized, controlled, 12-week interventional trial was conducted in which 134 healthy untrained participants (96 women and 38 men, age 59.4 ± 5.6 years, body mass index (BMI) 28.4 ± 5.8 kg/m2) were allocated to one of four study groups: (1) control group with no intervention (CON); (2) 2×/week aerobic and resistance training only (EX); (3) exercise routine combined with dietary counseling in accordance with the guidelines of the German Nutrition Society (EXDC); (4) exercise routine combined with intake of 2 g/day oil from Calanus finmarchicus (EXCO). Body composition (bioelectrical impedance analysis), as well as markers of glucose metabolism and blood lipids, were analyzed at the beginning and the end of the study. The highest decreases in body fat were observed within the EXCO group (−1.70 ± 2.45 kg, p < 0.001), and the EXDC (−1.41 ± 2.13 kg, p = 0.008) group. Markers of glucose metabolism and blood lipids remained unchanged in all groups. Taken together results of this pilot study suggest that a combination of moderate exercise and intake of oil from Calanus finmarchicus or a healthy diet may promote fat loss in elderly untrained overweight participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Wasserfurth
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Leibniz University Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany; (P.W.); (J.N.); (J.P.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Josefine Nebl
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Leibniz University Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany; (P.W.); (J.N.); (J.P.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Jan Philipp Schuchardt
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Leibniz University Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany; (P.W.); (J.N.); (J.P.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Mattea Müller
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Leibniz University Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany; (P.W.); (J.N.); (J.P.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Tim Konstantin Boßlau
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, Institute of Sports Science, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35394 Giessen, Germany; (T.K.B.); (K.K.)
| | - Karsten Krüger
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, Institute of Sports Science, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35394 Giessen, Germany; (T.K.B.); (K.K.)
| | - Andreas Hahn
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Leibniz University Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany; (P.W.); (J.N.); (J.P.S.); (M.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-511-762-5093
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Therapeutic Effect of Seaweed Derived Xanthophyl Carotenoid on Obesity Management; Overview of the Last Decade. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072502. [PMID: 32260306 PMCID: PMC7177665 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Present-day lifestyles associated with high calorie-fat intake and accumulation, as well as energy imbalance, have led to the development of obesity and its comorbidities, which have emerged as some of the major health issues globally. To combat the disease, many studies have reported the anti-obesity effects of natural compounds in foods, with some advantages over chemical treatments. Carotenoids, such as xanthophyll derived from seaweeds, have attracted the attention of researchers due to their notable biological activities, which are associated mainly with their antioxidant properties. Their involvement in oxidative stress modulation, the regulation of major transcription factors and enzymes, and their antagonistic effects on various obesity parameters have been examined in both in vitro and in vivo studies. The present review is a collation of published research over the last decade on the antioxidant properties of seaweed xanthophyll carotenoids, with a focus on fucoxanthin and astaxanthin and their mechanisms of action in obesity prevention and treatment.
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Mounien L, Tourniaire F, Landrier JF. Anti-Obesity Effect of Carotenoids: Direct Impact on Adipose Tissue and Adipose Tissue-Driven Indirect Effects. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11071562. [PMID: 31373317 PMCID: PMC6683027 DOI: 10.3390/nu11071562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes current knowledge on the biological relevance of carotenoids and some of their metabolites in obesity management. The relationship between carotenoids and obesity is considered in clinical studies and in preclinical studies. Adipose tissue is a key organ in obesity etiology and the main storage site for carotenoids. We thus first describe carotenoid metabolism in adipocyte and adipose tissue and the effects of carotenoids on biological processes in adipose tissue that may be linked to obesity management in in vitro and preclinical studies. It is also now well established that the brain is strongly involved in obesity processes. A section is accordingly devoted to the potential effect of carotenoids on obesity via their direct and/or adipose tissue-driven indirect biological effects on the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes Mounien
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INRA, C2VN, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - Franck Tourniaire
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INRA, C2VN, 13385 Marseille, France
- CriBioM, criblage biologique Marseille, faculté de Médecine de la Timone, 13256 Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Francois Landrier
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INRA, C2VN, 13385 Marseille, France.
- CriBioM, criblage biologique Marseille, faculté de Médecine de la Timone, 13256 Marseille, France.
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