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Douglass MA, Prince MA. The secondhand effects of alcohol use and the risks of drinking to cope. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2024; 72:2211-2219. [PMID: 35997681 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2022.2108323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Objective:The secondhand effects of alcohol use (SEA) are adverse consequences caused by another's drinking. This study explored the relationship among the experience of SEAs, alcohol use, and alcohol related consequences (ARC). In addition, we examined whether coping (i.e., adaptive, maladaptive, substance use coping, maladaptive coping without substance use items) served as a moderator of SEA effects on alcohol outcomes. Method: 1,168 students completed a survey assessing SEA, alcohol outcomes, ARC, and coping strategies. Results: SEA was significantly positively associated with alcohol use (RRheavydrinking = 1.05, SE = 0.005, p < .01; RRAUDIT = 1.04, SE = .005, p < .01) as well as ARC (RR = 1.06, SE = .005, p < .01). Various forms of maladaptive coping moderated the relationship between SEA and alcohol outcomes. Conclusion: This study provided evidence for a relationship between SEA and more alcohol use and ARC. This relationship was exacerbated by maladaptive coping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan A Douglass
- Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Mark A Prince
- Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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2
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Severeijns NR, Sips ASM, Merlo A, Bruce G, Verster JC. Absenteeism, Presenteeism, and the Economic Costs of Alcohol Hangover in The Netherlands. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:335. [PMID: 38338220 PMCID: PMC10855845 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12030335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The alcohol hangover is defined as the combination of negative mental and physical symptoms that can be experienced after a single episode of alcohol consumption, starting when the blood alcohol concentration (BAC) approaches zero. Alcohol hangover symptoms such as fatigue, nausea, and headache can negatively affect daily activities, including work performance. The alcohol hangover can therefore be a cause of both absenteeism (not going to work) and presenteeism (going to work while hungover). An online survey among a convenience sample of n = 347 Dutch adults examined the number of days of absenteeism and presenteeism associated with having a hangover as well as the loss of productivity when going to work when hungover during the year 2019. In the Dutch sample, 8.1% of employees reported one or more days of absenteeism due to hangover in 2019, and 33.4% reported one or more days of presenteeism. The analyses revealed that alcohol hangover was associated with 0.2 days of absenteeism and 8.3 days of presenteeism and a productivity loss of 24.9% on days worked with a hangover. The estimated associated costs for the Dutch economy in 2019 of absenteeism (EUR 234,538,460) and presenteeism (EUR 2,423,603,184) total EUR 2,658,141,644. In conclusion, the alcohol hangover is associated with absenteeism, presenteeism, and reduced performance at work while hungover. As such, the annual costs of the alcohol hangover have a significant impact on the Dutch economy. However, these first findings on the economic costs of the alcohol hangover should be considered a rough estimate. They should be verified in a longitudinal study to minimize recall bias, including a nationally representative sample of sufficient sample size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noortje R. Severeijns
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands; (N.R.S.); (A.S.M.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Annabel S. M. Sips
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands; (N.R.S.); (A.S.M.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Agnese Merlo
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands; (N.R.S.); (A.S.M.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Gillian Bruce
- Division of Psychology and Social Work, School of Education and Social Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, UK;
| | - Joris C. Verster
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands; (N.R.S.); (A.S.M.S.); (A.M.)
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia
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Saengow U, Chaiyasong S, Nontarak J, Saokaew S, Artaman A, Vichitkunakorn P, Waleewong O. Estimated cost of extra work hours from co-workers' drinking in Thailand. Drug Alcohol Rev 2024; 43:188-198. [PMID: 37881158 DOI: 10.1111/dar.13768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alcohol's harm to others (AHTO) in workplaces has received little attention. A few studies from high-income countries have estimated the cost of AHTO in workplaces, while data from the low- and middle-income countries are lacking. This study aimed to estimate the cost of AHTO in workplaces and to explore factors associated with the cost of AHTO in workplaces. METHODS Data were taken from 1392 employed respondents who participated in a survey conducted in Thailand from September 2012 to March 2013. The cost of extra work hours was estimated from the hourly wage and extra hours of work. The hourly wage was computed by converting monthly income to weekly income and dividing weekly income by weekly working hours. The gamma regression with log link was used to determine factors associated with the cost of extra working hours. RESULTS The past-year prevalence of harm from co-workers' drinking was 17.8% among the employed population. The prevalence of working extra hours was 6.1%. On average, an affected worker worked 16.0 extra hours due to co-workers' drinking. In total, 28.8 million hours of extra work was attributed to co-workers' drinking in 1 year. The cost of these extra work hours was 1.8 billion Thai baht (57.8 million USD). Age, education and type of employment were associated with the cost of working extra hours. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS The burden of alcohol in workplaces extends beyond drinking workers. Our findings indicate that alcohol imposes a significant cost on co-workers of drinkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udomsak Saengow
- Center of Excellence in Data Science for Health Study, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
- School of Medicine, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
- Research and Innovation Institute of Excellence, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Surasak Chaiyasong
- Social Pharmacy Research Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham, Thailand
| | - Jiraluck Nontarak
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Surasak Saokaew
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
| | - Ali Artaman
- Department of Health Sciences, Zayed University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Polathep Vichitkunakorn
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Orratai Waleewong
- International Health Policy Program, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand
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Jiang H, Laslett AM, Kuntsche S, Callinan S, Waleewong O, Room R. A multi-country analysis of informal caregiving due to others' drinking. DRUGS (ABINGDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 29:702-711. [PMID: 36654831 PMCID: PMC9844966 DOI: 10.1080/09687637.2021.1974342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The burden of caring for drinkers is seldom articulated as a social concern, or integrated in service planning or alcohol policy. This study aims to examine prevalence and predictors of informal caregiving due to others' drinking cross-nationally by surveying 20,728 respondents (18-64 years) in 11 countries. The outcome variable was respondent-reported informal caregiving due to others' drinking, analysed by socio-demographic factors and drinking pattern using logistic regression and meta-analysis. Estimated overall prevalence of informal caregiving due to others' drinking ranged from 9% in Nigeria to 47% in Thailand. In most countries, females reported a higher rate than males of caring for children and other dependents, but males reported a higher rate of driving family or friends somewhere or picking them up. Logistic regression analysis found differences between high-income countries and low- and middle-income countries in the relationship of caregiving with employment and household composition. Respondent's own drinking was positively correlated with the prevalence of caregiving in 10 out of 11 countries. In general, younger adults and those who are themselves risky drinkers are more likely to have had caring responsibilities. Although problematic drinking is concentrated in specific subpopulations, the burden of care for others' drinking extends widely across the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Jiang
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia., Melbourne School of Population Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anne-Marie Laslett
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia., Melbourne School of Population Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sandra Kuntsche
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sarah Callinan
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Orratai Waleewong
- International Health Policy Program, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Robin Room
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia., Melbourne School of Population Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia., Centre for Social Research on Alcohol and Drugs, Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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Boyle MA, Alliegro MC, Bolts OL, Hazen MN, Prince MA. You're Stressing Me Out: The Secondhand Effects of Alcohol. Subst Use Misuse 2022; 57:490-493. [PMID: 34913827 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2021.2012697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Secondhand effects of alcohol use (SEA) are adverse consequences experienced by an individual due to another's drinking (i.e., study/sleep interrupted, being insulted or humiliation, sexual assault or rape). SEA is a serious public health concern among college students due to its serious consequences and high prevalence (60-84%). The present study examined the associations among SEA, personal alcohol use, depression, anxiety, and stress. Methods: 836 students completed an online survey that assessed for study variables. Results: SEA significantly predicted all outcomes with those endorsing SEA reporting higher levels of depression, anxiety, and stress. Moreover, participants who endorsed SEA also reported 30% more frequent binge drinking and 18% more drinks on their heaviest reported drinking day. Conclusions: Findings indicate that the experience of SEA is a risk factor for poor mental and behavioral health outcomes among college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan A Boyle
- Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Marissa C Alliegro
- Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Olivia L Bolts
- Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Marguerite N Hazen
- Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Mark A Prince
- Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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Singh AK, Verma K, Chawla S, Sharma V, Gupta P. Utility of special drive campaign on substance use disorders in hard-to-reach communities in the fast urbanizing town of Solan, India. Indian J Psychiatry 2021; 63:433-438. [PMID: 34789930 PMCID: PMC8522623 DOI: 10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_1312_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Special drive campaigns on substance use disorders (SUDs) in India are usually organized in educational institutes, non-governmental organizations, or few selected localities. Hard to reach communities of construction, prison, and industrial sites quite often remain uncovered. MATERIALS AND METHODS During a month-long special drive in 2019, under a cross-sectional study, we reached these communities of Solan town through awareness camps and incorporated standardized screening tools for evaluating morbidity patterns of SUDs. RESULTS Statistically significant relationship existed between 360 participants (90.8% males, 9.2% females; mean age of 33 years) and their educational levels with χ2 (1, n = 360) =130.59, P = 0.000. Fagerstrom's scale inferred very high nicotine dependence in 10.6%, 7.9%, and 2.4% of prisoners, industrial workers, and laborers, respectively. Whereas, Fagerstrom scale for smokeless tobacco revealed 31% of significant dependence potential amongst laborers. Alcohol use disorder identification test revealed 28 persons with harmful alcohol dependence. Drug abuse screening test revealed 13.6% of prisoners having moderate level drug abuse potential. The Kruskal-Wallis test showed a statistically significant difference, in levels and potential of substance use in construction, prison, and industrial sites. CONCLUSION The study proved the utility of special drives in evaluating SUDs morbidity patterns in hard-to-reach communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Kumar Singh
- Department of Health and Family Welfare, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Kushel Verma
- Regional Hospital, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Sumit Chawla
- Department of Community Medicine, Pt. JLN Medical College, Chamba, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | | | - Prerna Gupta
- Regional Hospital, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
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Stanesby O, Gmel G, Graham K, Greenfield TK, Waleewong O, Wilsnack SC. Improving measurement of harms from others' drinking: A key informant study on type and severity of harm. NORDIC STUDIES ON ALCOHOL AND DRUGS 2020; 37:122-140. [PMID: 32565718 PMCID: PMC7304554 DOI: 10.1177/1455072520908386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: Survey items for measuring harms experienced from others' drinking (AHTO) have been developed primarily to measure type of harm and not severity. However, some type of harms may produce more negative effects than others. We aimed to compare the perceived severity of a comprehensive list of AHTO items to assess consistency in subjective ratings of severity, facilitate a more nuanced analysis and identify strategies to improve measurement of AHTO in epidemiological surveys. Methods: Thirty-six leaders of national alcohol surveys (conducted between 1997 and 2016) from 23 countries rated the typical severity of negative effects on the victim of each of 48 types of AHTO using a scale from zero (no negative effect) to 10 (very severe negative effect). The survey leaders were also asked to provide open-ended feedback about each harm and the severity-rating task generally. Results: Of 48 harm items, five were classified as extreme severity (mean rating ≥ 8), 17 as high (≥ 6 < 8), 25 as moderate (≥ 4 < 6), and one as low (≤ 4). We used two-way random effects models to estimate absolute agreement intraclass correlation coefficients (AA-ICC) and consistency of agreement intraclass correlation coefficients (CA-ICC). Results showed that there was fair to excellent absolute agreement and consistency of agreement among experts’ ratings of the severity of harms from others’ drinking (single measures CA-ICC = 0.414, single measures AA-ICC = 0.325; average CA-ICC = 0.940, average AA-ICC = 0.914). Harms to children, and harms causing physical, financial, practical, or severe emotional impacts were rated most severe. Conclusions: When designing new AHTO surveys and conducting analyses of existing data, researchers should pay close attention to harms with high perceived severity to identify effective ways to prevent severe AHTO and reduce the negative health and social impacts of AHTO. By inquiring into experts' views on survey items, this analysis involves a first scoping of the sort of questions that should be taken into consideration. In-depth analyses of specific sub-sets of harms and qualitative interviews with victims of severe AHTO are likely to help along this work in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Stanesby
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Gerhard Gmel
- Addiction Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Addiction Switzerland, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Health and Applied Science, University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Kathryn Graham
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia.,National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University, Melbourne/Perth, Australia
| | - Thomas K Greenfield
- Alcohol Research Group, Public Health Institute, Emeryville, California, United States of America
| | - Orratai Waleewong
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,International Health Policy Program, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Sharon C Wilsnack
- University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, North Dakota, United States of America
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8
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Laslett AM, Stanesby O, Wilsnack S, Room R, Greenfield TK. Cross-National Comparisons and Correlates of Harms From the Drinking of People With Whom You Work. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2020; 44:141-151. [PMID: 31774575 PMCID: PMC6980933 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While research in high-income countries (HICs) has established high costs associated with alcohol's harm to others (AHTO) in the workplace, scant attention has been paid to AHTO in the workplace in lower- or middle-income countries (LMICs). AIM To compare estimates and predictors of alcohol's impacts upon coworkers among workers in 12 countries. METHODS Cross-sectional surveys from 9,693 men and 8,606 women employed in Switzerland, Australia, the United States, Ireland, New Zealand, Chile, Nigeria, Lao PDR, Thailand, Vietnam, India, and Sri Lanka. Five questions were asked about harms in the past year because of coworkers' drinking: Had they (i) covered for another worker; (ii) worked extra hours; (iii) been involved in an accident or close call; or had their (iv) own productivity been reduced; or (v) ability to do their job been affected? Logistic regression and meta-analyses were estimated with 1 or more harms (vs. none) as the dependent variable, adjusting for age, sex, rurality of location, and the respondent worker's own drinking. RESULTS Between 1% (New Zealand) and 16% (Thailand) of workers reported that they had been adversely affected by a coworker's drinking in the previous year (with most countries in the 6 to 13% range). Smaller percentages (<1% to 12%) reported being in an accident or close call due to others' drinking. Employed men were more likely to report harm from coworkers' drinking than employed women in all countries apart from the United States, New Zealand, and Vietnam, and own drinking pattern was associated with increased harm in 5 countries. Harms were distributed fairly equally across age and geographic regions. Harm from coworkers' drinking was less prevalent among men in HICs compared with LMICs. CONCLUSIONS Workforce impairment because of drinking extends beyond the drinker in a range of countries and impacts productivity and economic development, particularly affecting men in LMICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Marie Laslett
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia
- National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University, Western Australia
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Oliver Stanesby
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sharon Wilsnack
- University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA
| | - Robin Room
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Social Research on Alcohol and Drugs, Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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Abstract
Drinking alcohol with coworkers is a common practice in many occupational cultures. This practice may produce negative consequences for some employees. Objectives: We estimate the prevalence of a set of negative consequences of work-related alcohol use and identify risk factors associated with experience of harm from coworkers' drinking. Methods: In an online survey, Norwegian employees (n = 3596) aged 20-69 reported whether they had experienced the following due to coworkers' drinking the past 12 months: (a) felt excluded, (b) experienced unwanted sexual attention, (c) been physically harmed, and (d) been verbally abused. Each outcome was regressed on socio-demographics (age, gender, education, and income), job characteristics (flexibility and autonomy), respondents' alcohol use, and perceived intoxication frequency in work contexts for a typical coworker (perceived coworker intoxication frequency). Results: The 12-month prevalence of experiencing any of the negative consequences was 18%. Having felt excluded (10.7%) and experienced unwanted sexual attention (7.0%) were more common than being verbally abused (4.8%) or physically harmed (1.9%). Perceived coworker intoxication frequency was strongly associated with all outcomes. Respondents' own drinking frequency predicted being verbally abused, being physically harmed, and experiencing unwanted sexual attention. Women experienced less physical harm and more unwanted sexual attention than men. Prevalence also varied by age, education, income, and job characteristics. Conclusions: Each year, approximately one-sixth of Norwegian employees experience harm from their coworkers' drinking. The frequency of intoxication in work contexts is strongly associated with harm to others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inger Synnøve Moan
- Department of Alcohol, Tobacco and Drugs, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Torleif Halkjelsvik
- Department of Alcohol, Tobacco and Drugs, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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Karriker-Jaffe KJ, Room R, Giesbrecht N, Greenfield TK. Alcohol's Harm to Others: Opportunities and Challenges in a Public Health Framework. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2019; 79:239-243. [PMID: 29553351 DOI: 10.15288/jsad.2018.79.239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergent and growing body of research on alcohol's harm to others (AHTO), or secondhand effects of drinking, has important implications for prevention, intervention, and policy. Those victimized by other drinkers tend to favor effective alcohol policies more than their nonvictimized peers, but often a community's impulse will be to combat AHTO by targeting and stigmatizing individual heavy drinkers, rather than taking a public health approach to reducing harm. Here we discuss opportunities and challenges in selecting ways of reducing AHTO. We make a case for adopting joint public health and individual approaches to reduce AHTO.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robin Room
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.,Centre for Social Research on Alcohol and Drugs, Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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11
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Sullivan T, Edgar F, McAndrew I. The hidden costs of employee drinking: A quantitative analysis. Drug Alcohol Rev 2019; 38:543-553. [PMID: 31170328 DOI: 10.1111/dar.12935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND AIMS Alcohol use impacts workplace productivity in terms of absence and reduced performance by employees. This study's aims were to estimate the cost of lost productivity associated with alcohol use in New Zealand and to describe and quantify its impact on employers. DESIGN AND METHODS An online survey was completed by 800 New Zealand employees and 227 employers across a range of industries. The costs of lost productivity directly attributable to alcohol use were estimated using days off work (absenteeism), lost hours of productive time while at work (presenteeism) and hours spent by employers dealing with alcohol-related issues. Ordinal logistic regression was used to explore the association between employee characteristics and reduced workplace productivity associated with alcohol consumption. RESULTS The estimated annual average cost of lost productivity per employee was NZ$1097.71 (NZ$209.62 absenteeism, NZ$888.09 presenteeism) and NZ$134.62 per employer. At a population level this equates to approximately NZ$1.65 billion per year. The significant predictors of reduced workplace performance were being younger (less than 25 years), male, having a stressful job and drinking more than the recommended standard number of drinks per session. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Considering absenteeism costs alone will substantially underestimate the total productivity loss associated with alcohol use. Designing and effectively targeting a set of multifaceted policies to engineer change at both the workplace and societal levels will assist in reducing the costs of lost productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trudy Sullivan
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Fiona Edgar
- Department of Management, University of Otago, Otago, New Zealand
| | - Ian McAndrew
- Department of Management, University of Otago, Otago, New Zealand
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Stanesby O, Callinan S, Graham K, Wilson IM, Greenfield TK, Wilsnack SC, Hettige S, Hanh HTM, Siengsounthone L, Waleewong O, Laslett AM. Harm from Known Others' Drinking by Relationship Proximity to the Harmful Drinker and Gender: A Meta-Analysis Across 10 Countries. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2018; 42:1693-1703. [PMID: 30035808 PMCID: PMC6120764 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drinking is a common activity with friends or at home but is associated with harms within both close and extended relationships. This study investigates associations between having a close proximity relationship with a harmful drinker and likelihood of experiencing harms from known others' drinking for men and women in 10 countries. METHODS Data about alcohol's harms to others from national/regional surveys from 10 countries were used. Gender-stratified random-effects meta-analysis compared the likelihood of experiencing each, and at least 1, of 7 types of alcohol-related harm in the last 12 months, between those who identified someone in close proximity to them (a partner, family member, or household member) and those who identified someone from an extended relationship as the most harmful drinker (MHD) in their life in the last 12 months. RESULTS Women were most likely to report a close male MHD, while men were most likely to report an extended male MHD. Relatedly, women with a close MHD were more likely than women with an extended MHD to report each type of harm, and 1 or more harms, from others' drinking. For men, having a close MHD was associated with increased odds of reporting some but not all types of harm from others' drinking and was not associated with increased odds of experiencing 1 or more harms. CONCLUSIONS The experience of harm attributable to the drinking of others differs by gender. For preventing harm to women, the primary focus should be on heavy or harmful drinkers in close proximity relationships; for preventing harm to men, a broader approach is needed. This and further work investigating the dynamics among gender, victim-perpetrator relationships, alcohol, and harm to others will help to develop interventions to reduce alcohol-related harm to others which are specific to the contexts within which harms occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Stanesby
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Australia
| | - Sarah Callinan
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Australia
| | - Kathryn Graham
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Ontario, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Australia
- National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University, Australia
| | | | | | - Sharon C. Wilsnack
- University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA
| | - Siri Hettige
- Department of Sociology, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
- Globalism Research Centre, School of Social Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | | | - Orratai Waleewong
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Australia
- International Health Policy Program, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Anne-Marie Laslett
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Australia
- National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University, Australia
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Australia
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Buvik K, Moan IS, Halkjelsvik T. Alcohol-related absence and presenteeism: Beyond productivity loss. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG POLICY 2018; 58:71-77. [PMID: 29864644 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol use by employees is associated with negative consequences for the workplace in terms of absence and poor work performance. The aims of this study were to map the prevalence of alcohol-related absence and inefficiency using survey data from a broad sample of employees, and to explore how alcohol-related absence and presenteeism are experienced and handled using data from qualitative interviews. METHODS The prevalence data stems from a web survey completed by 1940 Norwegian employees aged 20-74 years. The qualitative data consists of analyses of 24 interviews with managers, co-workers of heavy drinking employees, and heavy drinking employees, from various lines of businesses. RESULTS 1-2% reported alcohol-related full day absence in the last 12 months, and 2% reported partial day absence; 11% reported inefficiency due to drinking the previous day. Analyses of interview data revealed that alcohol-related absence and presenteeism may cause a range of economic and practical problems. Managers reported spending a lot of resources and effort on single cases. In addition, the results showed how the presence of a heavy drinking employee may have a negative impact on the broader psychosocial environment, and cause concern for workplace safety. Due to consideration of the drinker's well-being and fear of negative reactions, problem cases can last for years. CONCLUSIONS Despite the relatively low prevalence of alcohol-related absence and inefficiency, the study suggest that the alcohol-related problems of a few, or only one, employee may still have substantial and far-reaching negative consequences for the workplace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Buvik
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Department of Alcohol, Tobacco and Drugs, Postbox 4404, Nydalen, 0403 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Inger Synnøve Moan
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Department of Alcohol, Tobacco and Drugs, Postbox 4404, Nydalen, 0403 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Torleif Halkjelsvik
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Department of Alcohol, Tobacco and Drugs, Postbox 4404, Nydalen, 0403 Oslo, Norway.
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Pidd K, Roche A, Cameron J, Lee N, Jenner L, Duraisingam V. Workplace alcohol harm reduction intervention in Australia: Cluster non-randomised controlled trial. Drug Alcohol Rev 2018; 37:502-513. [PMID: 29349868 DOI: 10.1111/dar.12660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND AIMS The workplace holds substantial potential as an alcohol harm reduction and prevention setting. Few studies have rigorously examined strategies to reduce workplace alcohol-related harm. Hence, an in-situ 3 year trial of a comprehensive alcohol harm reduction intervention in Australian manufacturing workplaces was undertaken. DESIGN AND METHODS Informed by a gap analysis, a multi-site trial was undertaken. Three manufacturing industry companies, located at four separate worksites, with a minimum of 100 employees were recruited through a local industry network. Based on worksite location, two worksites were allocated to the intervention group and two to the comparison group. The pre-specified primary outcome measure, risky drinking (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, AUDIT-C) and other self-report measures were collected pre-intervention (T1), 12 months (T2) and 24 months post-intervention (T3). RESULTS No significant intervention effect was observed for the primary outcome measure, risky drinking. Significant intervention effects were observed for increased awareness of alcohol policy and employee assistance. At T3, the odds of intervention group participants being aware of the workplace policy and aware of employee assistance were 48.9% (95% confidence interval 29.3-88.9%) and 79.7% (11.5%, 91.8%), respectively, greater than comparison group participants. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Comprehensive tailored workplace interventions can be effective in improving workplace alcohol policy awareness. This is one of few workplace alcohol trials undertaken to-date and the findings make an important contribution to the limited evidence base for workplace alcohol harm prevention initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Pidd
- National Centre for Education and Training on Addiction (NCETA), Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Ann Roche
- National Centre for Education and Training on Addiction (NCETA), Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Jacqui Cameron
- National Centre for Education and Training on Addiction (NCETA), Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia.,Department of General Practice, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nicole Lee
- 360 Edge, Melbourne, Australia.,National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | | | - Vinita Duraisingam
- National Centre for Education and Training on Addiction (NCETA), Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
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Laslett AML, Waleewong O, Obot I, Benegal V, Hettige S, Florenzano R, Hanh HTM, Hanh VTM, Rao GN, Room R. Scoping Response System Management of Alcohol's Harm to others in Lower Middle Income Countries. NORDIC STUDIES ON ALCOHOL AND DRUGS 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/nsad-2016-0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims As part of the WHO Harm from others' drinking project, Thailand, Sri Lanka, India, Chile, Nigeria and Vietnam undertook scoping studies to examine: which service agencies in low and middle income countries responded to people affected by others' drinking; how commonly key informants from these agencies indicated alcohol was part of the problems they managed; and whether any routine reporting systems collected information on alcohol's harm to others (AHTO) and the types and examples of harms experienced across the six countries. Methods Researchers synthetised within country peer-review literature, reports, news and agency website information. Additionally, researchers interviewed key informants to investigate current structures, functions and practices of service agencies, and in particular their recording practices surrounding cases involving others' drinking. Results 111 key informants agreed to participate from 91 purposively selected agencies from health, social protection, justice and police, and ‘other' sectors. National and provincial level data, as well as state-run and civil society agency data were collected. Diverse service response systems managed AHTO in the different countries. A large range in the percentage of all cases attributed to AHTO was identified. Case story examples from each country illustrate the different responses to, and the nature of, many severe problems experienced because of others' drinking. Conclusions AHTO was a major issue for service systems in LMIC, and significantly contributed to their workload, yet, very few recording systems routinely collected AHTO data. Recommendations are outlined to improve AHTO data collection across multiple sectors and enable LMIC to better identify and respond to AHTO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Marie Louise Laslett
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia; National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Orratai Waleewong
- Thai Health Promotion Foundation School of Population and Global Health University of Melbourne
| | - Isidore Obot
- Centre for Research and Information on Substance Abuse (CRISA) Uyo, Nigeria Department of Psychology University of Uyo, Nigeria
| | - Vivek Benegal
- Centre for Addiction Medicine National Institute of Mental Health and NeuroSciences Bangalore, India
| | - Siri Hettige
- Department of Sociology University of Colombo, Sri Lanka; Globalism Research Centre School of Social Sciences RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ramon Florenzano
- Universidad del Desarrollo Servicio de Psiquiatria Hospital del Salvador Santiago de Chile
| | | | - Vu Thi Minh Hanh
- Health Strategy and Policy Institute (HSPI) Ministry of Health, Vietnam
| | - Girish N Rao
- Centre for Public Health National Institute of Mental Health and NeuroSciences Bangalore, India
| | - Robin Room
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia; Centre for Social Research on Alcohol and Drugs, Stockholm University, Sweden
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Esser MB, Gururaj G, Rao GN, Jernigan DH, Murthy P, Jayarajan D, Lakshmanan S, Benegal V. Harms to Adults from Others' Heavy Drinking in Five Indian States. Alcohol Alcohol 2015; 51:177-85. [PMID: 26884508 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agv078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The aims of this study were to assess a wide range of alcohol-related harms from known heavy drinkers in Indian respondents' lives, and to assess respondents' characteristics and drinking patterns associated with reporting these harms. METHODS Household interviews were administered in five Indian states from October 2011 to May 2012. For the secondary data analyses in this study, participants were Indians, ages 15-70, who self-reported having a heavy drinker in their lives (n = 5,375). We assessed the proportion of respondents reporting seventeen types of alcohol-related harms from a heavy drinker. RESULTS Approximately 83% of respondents reported at least one alcohol-related harm from a heavy drinker in their lives. Twenty-five percent of respondents reported physical harm, 6% reported sexual harm and 50% reported emotional harm or neglect. Controlling for other factors, being in the upper income quartiles was associated with reporting ≥5 harm types. Among females, being age 25-39 and married/cohabitating predicted reporting ≥5 harm types, while among males, being age 25-39 or age 40-70 and living in a rural area increased the odds. Among females, binge drinkers had 46% lower odds of reporting ≥5 harm types than abstainers; among males, binge drinkers had 54% greater odds. CONCLUSION Regardless of respondents' own drinking pattern, a substantial proportion of respondents reported experiencing a range of harms from a known heavy drinker; interventions are needed to reduce these harms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa B Esser
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Gopalkrishna Gururaj
- Department of Epidemiology, WHO Collaborating Centre for Injury Prevention and Safety Promotion, Centre for Public Health, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Girish N Rao
- Department of Epidemiology, WHO Collaborating Centre for Injury Prevention and Safety Promotion, Centre for Public Health, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - David H Jernigan
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Pratima Murthy
- Department of Psychiatry, Centre for Addiction Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Deepak Jayarajan
- Department of Psychiatry, Centre for Addiction Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - S Lakshmanan
- Department of Psychiatry, Centre for Addiction Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Vivek Benegal
- Department of Psychiatry, Centre for Addiction Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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Gavioli A, Mathias TADF, Rossi RM, Oliveira MLFD. Risks related to drug use among male construction workers. ACTA PAUL ENFERM 2014. [DOI: 10.1590/1982-0194201400077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To identify the prevalence of risk related to drug use among workers of a construction company and to evaluate how it relates with sociodemographic variables. Methods A cross-sectional study conducted with 418 workers who were given the Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test. Multinominal logistic regression was used as a measure of association. Results Tobacco, alcohol, cannabis, cocaine and inhalants were the most used drugs. Moderate and high risks were related, respectively, to the use of tobacco (32.5% and 5.7%), alcohol (26.8% and 6.9%), cannabis (2.6% and 2.4%) and cocaine (1.2% and 0.5%). Conclusion Tobacco and alcohol were the main drugs used by workers. The level of risk related to the use of tobacco, alcohol, cannabis and cocaine were high when compared to that of the general population.
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Perez-Carceles MD, Medina MD, Perez-Flores D, Noguera JA, Pereniguez JE, Madrigal M, Luna A. Screening for hazardous drinking in migrant workers in southeastern Spain. J Occup Health 2014; 56:39-48. [PMID: 24430840 DOI: 10.1539/joh.13-0119-oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Despite the great impact the migration has had in economic, social and health-related fields, and the repercussions of alcohol consumption on them, few data exist concerning the extent of alcohol consumption in migrant workers. The aims of this study were to identify workers with a hazardous drinking problem by means of a self-reported questionnaire (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-AUDIT) and a biomarker (carbohydrate-deficient transferrin-CDT) and to ascertain associated risk factors. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted using a random sample of 385 migrant workers, undergoing a routine health examination as part of occupational health services. RESULTS The results showed that 13.8% (n=53) of the workers were screened as positive with the AUDIT (≥8) and/or CDT (>2.6) and identified as hazardous drinkers and that 53.8% (n=207) were teetotallers. Being a man (OR: 2.0), working in the construction industry (OR: 2.8) or agriculture (OR: 2.2), being resident in Spain for more than 7 years (OR: 2.3) and sharing a house with friends were the factors most closely associated with hazardous drinking. CONCLUSIONS Prevention-orientated programs, adjusted to the characteristics of each country and the origin of the migrants themselves, should be instituted to modify the drinking habits of migrant workers considered at risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria D Perez-Carceles
- Department of Health and Social Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", School of Medicine, University of Murcia, E30100
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Day P, Breetzke G, Kingham S, Campbell M. Close proximity to alcohol outlets is associated with increased serious violent crime in New Zealand. Aust N Z J Public Health 2012; 36:48-54. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1753-6405.2012.00827.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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