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Zhou Z, Zhang Y, Zeng Y, Yang D, Mo J, Zheng Z, Zhang Y, Xiao P, Zhong X, Yan W. Effects of Nanomaterials on Synthesis and Degradation of the Extracellular Matrix. ACS NANO 2024; 18:7688-7710. [PMID: 38436232 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c09954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling is accompanied by the continuous synthesis and degradation of the ECM components. This dynamic process plays an important role in guiding cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, and differentiation, as well as in tissue development, body repair, and maintenance of homeostasis. Nanomaterials, due to their photoelectric and catalytic properties and special structure, have garnered much attention in biomedical fields for use in processes such as tissue engineering and disease treatment. Nanomaterials can reshape the cell microenvironment by changing the synthesis and degradation of ECM-related proteins, thereby indirectly changing the behavior of the surrounding cells. This review focuses on the regulatory role of nanomaterials in the process of cell synthesis of different ECM-related proteins and extracellular protease. We discuss influencing factors and possible related mechanisms of nanomaterials in ECM remodeling, which may provide different insights into the design and development of nanomaterials for the treatment of ECM disorder-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyan Zhou
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yanli Zhang
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Yuting Zeng
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Dehong Yang
- Department of Orthopedics - Spinal Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jiayao Mo
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Ziting Zheng
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Ping Xiao
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xincen Zhong
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Wenjuan Yan
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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2
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Hu K, Liu L, Tang S, Zhang X, Chang H, Chen W, Fan T, Zhang L, Shen B, Zhang Q. MicroRNA-221-3p inhibits the inflammatory response of keratinocytes by regulating the DYRK1A/STAT3 signaling pathway to promote wound healing in diabetes. Commun Biol 2024; 7:300. [PMID: 38461326 PMCID: PMC10924844 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-05986-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU), a serious complication of diabetes, remains a clinical challenge. MicroRNAs affect inflammation and may have therapeutic value in DFU. Here, we find that an miR-221-3p mimic reduces the inflammatory response and increases skin wound healing rates in a mouse model of diabetes, whereas miR-221-3p knockout produced the opposite result. In human keratinocytes cells, miR-221-3p suppresses the inflammatory response induced by high glucose. The gene encoding DYRK1A is a target of miR-221-3p. High glucose increases the expression of DYRK1A, but silencing DYRK1A expression decreases high glucose-induced inflammatory cytokine release via dephosphorylation of STAT3, a substrate of DYRK1A. Application of miR-221-3p mimic to human keratinocytes cells not only decreases DYRK1A expression but also inhibits high glucose-induced production of inflammatory cytokines to promote wound healing. This molecular mechanism whereby miR-221-3p regulates inflammation through the DYRK1A/STAT3 signaling pathway suggests targets and therapeutic approaches for treating DFU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyan Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Songtao Tang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hongfeng Chang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wenyang Chen
- Central Laboratory, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Taotao Fan
- Center of Experimental Practice, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Lesha Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Shen
- Dr. Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.
| | - Qiu Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
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Fani N, Moradi M, Zavari R, Parvizpour F, Soltani A, Arabpour Z, Jafarian A. Current Advances in Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 19:277-291. [PMID: 36856176 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x18666230301140659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Treating chronic wounds is a common and costly challenge worldwide. More advanced treatments are needed to improve wound healing and prevent severe complications such as infection and amputation. Like other medical fields, there have been advances in new technologies promoting wound healing potential. Regenerative medicine as a new method has aroused hope in treating chronic wounds. The technology improving wound healing includes using customizable matrices based on synthetic and natural polymers, different types of autologous and allogeneic cells at different differentiation phases, small molecules, peptides, and proteins as a growth factor, RNA interference, and gene therapy. In the last decade, various types of wound dressings have been designed. Emerging dressings include a variety of interactive/ bioactive dressings and tissue-engineering skin options. However, there is still no suitable and effective dressing to treat all chronic wounds. This article reviews different wounds and common treatments, advanced technologies and wound dressings, the advanced wound care market, and some interactive/bioactive wound dressings in the market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nesa Fani
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Moradi
- MD-MPH Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roxana Zavari
- Iranian Tissue Bank & Research Center, Gene, Cell & Tissue Institute; Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzad Parvizpour
- Iranian Tissue Bank & Research Center, Gene, Cell & Tissue Institute; Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Adele Soltani
- CinnaGen Medical Biotechnology Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
- CinnaGen Research and Production Co., Alborz, Iran
| | - Zohreh Arabpour
- Iranian Tissue Bank & Research Center, Gene, Cell & Tissue Institute; Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arefeh Jafarian
- Iranian Tissue Bank & Research Center, Gene, Cell & Tissue Institute; Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Kiani M, Moraffah F, Khonsari F, Kharazian B, Dinarvand R, Shokrgozar MA, Atyabi F. Co-delivery of simvastatin and microRNA-21 through liposome could accelerates the wound healing process. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 154:213658. [PMID: 37866233 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
The gene delivery approach, mainly microRNAs (miRNA) as key wound healing mediators, has recently received extensive attention. MicroRNA-21 (miR-21) has strongly impacted wound healing by affecting the inflammation and proliferation phases. Previous studies have also demonstrated the beneficial effect of simvastatin on wound healing. Therefore, we designed a dual-drug/gene delivery system using PEGylated liposomes that could simultaneously attain the co-encapsulation and co-delivery of miRNA and simvastatin (SIM) to explore the combined effect of this dual-drug delivery system on wound healing. The PEG-liposomes for simvastatin and miR-21 plasmid (miR-21-P/SIM/Liposomes) were prepared using the thin-film hydration method. The liposomes showed 85 % entrapment efficiency for SIM in the lipid bilayer and high physical entrapment of miR-21-P in the inner cavity. In vitro studies demonstrated no cytotoxicity for the carrier on normal human dermal fibroblast cells (NHDF) and 97 % cellular uptake over 2 h incubation. The scratch test revealed excellent cell proliferation and migration after treatment with miR-21-P/SIM/Liposomes. For the in vivo experiments, a full-thickness cutaneous wound model was used. The wound closure on day 8 was higher for Liposomal formulation containing miR-21-P promoting faster re-epithelialization. On day 12, all treated groups showed complete wound closure. However, following histological analysis, the miR-21-P/SIM/Liposomes revealed the best tissue regeneration, similar to normal functional skin, by reduced inflammation and increased re-epithelialization, collagen deposition and angiogenesis. In conclusion, the designed miR-21-P/SIM/Liposomes could significantly accelerate the process of wound healing, which provides a new strategy for the management of chronic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melika Kiani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Moraffah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Khonsari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahar Kharazian
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rassoul Dinarvand
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; School of Pharmacy, De Mont Fort University, Leicester, UK
| | | | - Fatemeh Atyabi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Cai Y, Fu X, Zhou Y, Lei L, Wang J, Zeng W, Yang Z. A hydrogel system for drug loading toward the synergistic application of reductive/heat-sensitive drugs. J Control Release 2023; 362:409-424. [PMID: 37666303 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
The preparation of hydrogels as drug carriers via radical-mediated polymerization has significant prospects, but the strong oxidizing ability of radicals and the high temperatures generated by the vigorous reactions limits the loading for reducing/heat-sensitive drugs. Herein, an applicable hydrogel synthesized by radical-mediated polymerization is reported for the loading and synergistic application of specific drugs. First, the desired sol is obtained by polymerizing functional monomers using a radical initiator, and then tannic-acid-assisted specific drug mediates sol-branched phenylboric acid group to form the required functional hydrogel (New-gel). Compared with the conventional single-step radical-mediated drug-loading hydrogel, the New-gel not only has better chemical/physical properties but also efficiently loads and releases drugs and maintains drug activity. Particularly, the New-gel has excellent loading capacity for oxygen, and exhibits significant practical therapeutic effects for diabetic wound repair. Furthermore, owing to its high light transmittance, the New-gel synergistically promotes the antibacterial effect of photosensitive drugs. This gelation strategy for loading drugs has further promising biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yucen Cai
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolism Research, Chongqing Pharmacodynamic Evaluation Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Xiaoxue Fu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institution, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Yingjuan Zhou
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolism Research, Chongqing Pharmacodynamic Evaluation Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Lin Lei
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolism Research, Chongqing Pharmacodynamic Evaluation Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Jiajia Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolism Research, Chongqing Pharmacodynamic Evaluation Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Weinan Zeng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institution, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China.
| | - Zhangyou Yang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolism Research, Chongqing Pharmacodynamic Evaluation Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China.
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Sun RW, Zhang H, Mehdi SJ, Richter GT, Bowman HH, Sifford J, Smith C, Burnett AK, Layman A, Washam CL, Byrum SD, Bennett JT, Jensen DM, Dmyterko V, Perkins JA, Shawber CJ, Wu JK, Strub GM. Upregulated MicroRNA-21 Drives the Proliferation of Lymphatic Malformation Endothelial Cells by Inhibiting PDCD4. J Invest Dermatol 2023; 143:2085-2089.e1. [PMID: 37088278 PMCID: PMC10524134 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2023.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ravi W Sun
- Arkansas Children's Research Institute (ACRI), Little Rock, Arkansas, USA; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Haihong Zhang
- Arkansas Children's Research Institute (ACRI), Little Rock, Arkansas, USA; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Syed J Mehdi
- Arkansas Children's Research Institute (ACRI), Little Rock, Arkansas, USA; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Gresham T Richter
- Arkansas Children's Research Institute (ACRI), Little Rock, Arkansas, USA; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Hayden H Bowman
- Arkansas Children's Research Institute (ACRI), Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Jessica Sifford
- Arkansas Children's Research Institute (ACRI), Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Chelsea Smith
- Arkansas Children's Research Institute (ACRI), Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | | | - Alexander Layman
- Arkansas Children's Research Institute (ACRI), Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Charity L Washam
- Arkansas Children's Research Institute (ACRI), Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Stephanie D Byrum
- Arkansas Children's Research Institute (ACRI), Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - James T Bennett
- Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Dana M Jensen
- Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Victoria Dmyterko
- Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jonathan A Perkins
- Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology-Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Carrie J Shawber
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA; Department of Surgery, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - June K Wu
- Department of Surgery, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Graham M Strub
- Arkansas Children's Research Institute (ACRI), Little Rock, Arkansas, USA; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA.
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Hu K, Liu X, Chang H, Zhang Y, Zhou H, Liu L, Zhang X, Jiao Z, Shen B, Zhang Q. MicroRNA-221-3p Targets THBS1 to Promote Wound Healing in Diabetes. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2023; 16:2765-2777. [PMID: 37720423 PMCID: PMC10503564 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s424847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Diabetes foot ulcer (DFU) is a serious complication of diabetes characterized with chronic foot ulceration, poor wound healing (WH), and persistent inflammation. MiR-221-3p, as microRNA, has been shown to accelerate WH in previous study, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Methods In this study, we aimed to determine how miR-221-3p influences WH by targeting THBS1. The effect of miRNA-221-3p on wound healing of diabetes by epidermal injection of miRNA-221-3p agomir. In vitro generated human immortalized keratinocytes (HaCaT cells) were transfected with miR-mimics and negative control with high glucose treatment. The effects of miRNA-221-3p on cell apoptosis and angiogenesis using cell apoptosis assay and the tube formation assay, respectively. Direct target interaction of miR-221-3p and predicted target sites in 3'UTR of THBS1 were examined by luciferase reporter gene assay. Breeding miRNA-221 knockout mice for experimental verification. Results We found that miRNA-221-3p overexpression at the wound edge of normal mice and diabetes mice can promote WH. As contrast, WH of miR-221 knockout mice delayed with increased epithelial apoptosis and reduced angiogenesis in the dermis. miR-221-3p was found to inhibit apoptosis in HaCaT cells, and enhanced angiogenesis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) that were co-cultured. Bioinformatics analysis as well as the dual-luciferase reporter assay revealed miR-221-3p to target 3' untranslated region of THBS1. Conclusion Our findings suggested miR-221-3p might exert an essential impact on diabetes WH via inhibition of THBS1 and lack of miR-221-3p possibly results in impaired healing in chronic wounds of type 2 diabetes. Therefore, developing medicine such as chemically modified analogs of miR-221-3p in future could benefit patients with DFU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyan Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, 471003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xueying Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongfeng Chang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Zhou
- Institute of Brain Diseases and Cognition, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ziying Jiao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bing Shen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiu Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, People’s Republic of China
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Almeida AF, Miranda MS, Vinhas A, Rodrigues MT, Gomes ME. Contactless Resolution of Inflammatory Signals in Tailored Macrophage-Based Cell Therapeutics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37527508 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c22505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, nanotechnology-based microRNA (miR) therapeutic platforms have shown great promise for immunotherapy and tissue regeneration, despite the unmet challenge of achieving efficient and safe delivery of miRs. The transport of miRs offers precision and regulatory value for a myriad of biological processes and pathways, including the control of macrophage (Mφ) functions and, consequently, the inflammatory cascades Mφ are involved in. Thus, enforcement of Mφ can boost the regenerative process and provide new solutions for diverse chronic pathologies. In this study, we sought to develop a magnetically guided transporter to deliver an miR-155 antagonist to M1-primed Mφ. Furthermore, we determined its modulatory effect in reprogramming Mφ from inflammatory to pro-regenerative phenotypes, with the aim of tissue healing and regenerative medicine approaches. This strategy combines contactless and high-precision control of Mφ, anticipating new functional miR carriers for targeted strategies controlled by extracorporeal action. The magnetoplexes SPION@PEI-miR were efficiently delivered into Mφ without compromising cell viability and successfully induced miR-mediated gene silencing by enhancing the expression of anti-inflammatory markers (IL4 and IL10) and the production of M2φ-related markers (CD206 and IL4). Given its multimodal features, SPION@PEI-miR represents a simple, safe, and nonviral theranostic platform that enables imaging, tracking, and miR delivery with modulatory effects on immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana F Almeida
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, Guimarães 4805-017, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães 4710-057, Portugal
| | - Margarida S Miranda
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, Guimarães 4805-017, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães 4710-057, Portugal
| | - Adriana Vinhas
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, Guimarães 4805-017, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães 4710-057, Portugal
| | - Márcia T Rodrigues
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, Guimarães 4805-017, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães 4710-057, Portugal
| | - Manuela E Gomes
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, Guimarães 4805-017, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães 4710-057, Portugal
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Kalhori MR, Soleimani M, Alibakhshi R, Kalhori AA, Mohamadi P, Azreh R, Farzaei MH. The Potential of miR-21 in Stem Cell Differentiation and its Application in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2023; 19:1232-1251. [PMID: 36899116 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10510-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are two important types of non-coding RNAs that are not translated into protein. These molecules can regulate various biological processes, including stem cell differentiation and self-renewal. One of the first known miRNAs in mammals is miR-21. Cancer-related studies have shown that this miRNA has proto-oncogene activity and is elevated in cancers. However, it is confirmed that miR-21 inhibits stem cell pluripotency and self-renewal and induces differentiation by targeting various genes. Regenerative medicine is a field of medical science that tries to regenerate and repair damaged tissues. Various studies have shown that miR-21 plays an essential role in regenerative medicine by affecting stem cell proliferation and differentiation. In this review, we will discuss the function of miR-21 in regenerative medicine of the liver, nerve, spinal cord, wound, bone, and dental tissues. In addition, the function of natural compounds and lncRNAs will be analyzed as potential regulators of miR-21 expression in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Kalhori
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Masoud Soleimani
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Alibakhshi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Amir Ali Kalhori
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Parisa Mohamadi
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical, Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Rasoul Azreh
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hosien Farzaei
- Medical Technology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Amini A, Ghasemi Moravej F, Mostafavinia A, Ahmadi H, Chien S, Bayat M. Photobiomodulation Therapy Improves Inflammatory Responses by Modifying Stereological Parameters, microRNA-21 and FGF2 Expression. J Lasers Med Sci 2023; 14:e16. [PMID: 37583493 PMCID: PMC10423949 DOI: 10.34172/jlms.2023.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Photobiomodulation treatment (PBMT) is a relatively invasive method for treating wounds. An appropriate type of PBMT can produce desired and directed cellular and molecular processes. The aim of this study was to investigate the impacts of PBMT on stereological factors, bacterial count, and the expression of microRNA-21 and FGF2 in an infected, ischemic, and delayed wound healing model in rats with type one diabetes mellitus. Methods: A delayed, ischemic, and infected wound was produced on the back skin of all 24 DM1 rats. Then, they were put into 4 groups at random (n=6 per group): 1=Control group day4 (CGday4); 2=Control group day 8 (CGday8); 3=PBMT group day4 (PGday4), in which the rats were exposed to PBMT and killed on day 4; 4=PBMT group day8 (PGday8), in which the rats received PBMT and they were killed on day 8. The size of the wound, the number of microbial colonies, stereological parameters, and the expression of microRNA-21 and FGF2 were all assessed in this study throughout the inflammation (day 4) and proliferation (day 8) stages of wound healing. Results: On days 4 and 8, we discovered that the PGday4 and PGday8 groups significantly improved stereological parameters in comparison with the same CG groups. In terms of ulcer area size and microbiological counts, the PGday4 and PGday8 groups performed much better than the same CG groups. Simultaneously, the biomechanical findings in the PGday4 and PGday8 groups were much more extensive than those in the same CG groups. On days 4 and 8, the expression of FGF2 and microRNA-21 was more in all PG groups than in the CG groups (P<0.01). Conclusion: PBMT significantly speeds up the repair of ischemic and MARS-infected wounds in DM1 rats by lowering microbial counts and modifying stereological parameters, microRNA-21, and FGF2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdollah Amini
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Ghasemi Moravej
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atarodalsadat Mostafavinia
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Ahmadi
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sufan Chien
- Price Institute of Surgical Research, University of Louisville, and Noveratech LLC, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Mohammad Bayat
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Price Institute of Surgical Research, University of Louisville, and Noveratech LLC, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
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11
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Xu P, Huang W, Yang J, Fu X, Jing W, Zhou Y, Cai Y, Yang Z. Copper-rich multifunctional Prussian blue nanozymes for infected wound healing. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 227:1258-1270. [PMID: 36464186 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.11.320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The healing process of infected wounds was limited by bacterial infection, excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, and tissue hypoxia. In order to alleviate the above situations, herein, a copper-rich multifunctional ultra-small Prussian blue nanozymes (HPP@Cu NZs) was constructed for infected wound synergistic treatment. Firstly, hyaluronic acid was modified by branched polyethyleneimine which could form a complex with copper ions, to construct copper-rich Prussian blue nanozymes. Secondly, the HPP@Cu NZs have a uniform ultra-small nano size and excellent photothermal response performance, exhibition of multifunctional enzymatic activity and anti-inflammatory properties. Finally, the slow release of copper ions in the HPP@Cu NZs could effectively promote the formation of new blood vessels, thus giving it multifunctional properties. In vitro and in vivo experiments showed that it not only could effectively inhibit and kill bacteria under 808 nm near-infrared laser but also could remove excessive ROS, regulate oxygen levels, and anti-inflammation. More importantly, the release of copper ions could synergistically promote the healing of infected wounds as well as good biocompatibility. Overall, our studies provide a multifunctional strategy for infected wounds with synergistic treatment based on carrier construction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Xu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolism Research, Chongqing Pharmacodynamic Evaluation Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Wenyan Huang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolism Research, Chongqing Pharmacodynamic Evaluation Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Jiaxin Yang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolism Research, Chongqing Pharmacodynamic Evaluation Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Xiaoxue Fu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolism Research, Chongqing Pharmacodynamic Evaluation Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Weihong Jing
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolism Research, Chongqing Pharmacodynamic Evaluation Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Yingjuan Zhou
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolism Research, Chongqing Pharmacodynamic Evaluation Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Yucen Cai
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolism Research, Chongqing Pharmacodynamic Evaluation Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Zhangyou Yang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolism Research, Chongqing Pharmacodynamic Evaluation Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China.
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12
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Hade MD, Suire CN, Suo Z. An Effective Peptide-Based Platform for Efficient Exosomal Loading and Cellular Delivery of a microRNA. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:3851-3866. [PMID: 36638205 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c20728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes, membrane-bound nanosized vesicles of biologic origin, are known to contain various molecules, e.g., proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, which contribute to the exosomes' ability to mediate cell-to-cell communication. Recent impediments of artificial nanoparticles in drug delivery, including low cellular uptake, activation of the immune system, and tissue obstacles, have led scientists to engineer exosomes as drug delivery vehicles. Though exosomes possess inherent properties of stability, biocompatibility, low immunogenicity, and capability to cross biological barriers, there is a need to develop technologies that allow the efficient loading of therapeutic materials into exosomes. Here, we introduced a simple peptide-equipped technology that can enhance the cargo-loading potential of exosomes in a mild loading environment. Specifically, a known cell-penetrating peptide, YARA, derived from human immunodeficiency virus-1 trans-activator of transcription, was covalently conjugated with miR-21-5p, a mammalian microRNA. The conjugate YARA-miR-21-5p was then incubated with exosomes, isolated from either mesenchymal stem cells or cancer cells, for loading. Exosomal loading of YARA-miR-21-5p was time-dependent and demonstrated an impressive 18.6-fold increase in efficiency over exosomal loading of miR-21-5p through incubation. After effective cellular uptake, the loaded exosomes rapidly delivered YARA-miR-21-5p into mammalian cells. Relative to unloaded exosomes and free YARA-miR-21-5p, the loaded exosomes significantly enhanced the proliferation, migration, and invasion of human and mouse fibroblasts, which are vital steps in wound healing. This study lays the groundwork for using cell-penetrating peptides as an innovative approach to efficiently load therapeutic cargos, e.g., microRNAs, into exosomes, which can then be employed to deliver the cargos into cells to yield biological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mangesh D Hade
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Caitlin N Suire
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Zucai Suo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
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13
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Jasineviciute I, Hasan MN, Grigas J, Pautienius A, Stankevicius A, Zymantiene J, Miura N. microRNAs Are Abundant and Stable in Platelet-Rich Fibrin and Other Autologous Blood Products of Canines. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24010770. [PMID: 36614213 PMCID: PMC9821218 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Various microRNAs (miRNAs) present in autologous blood products of canines have not been studied recently. We aimed to elucidate the existence of miRNAs in platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) and the stability of canine autologous blood products under various storage conditions. Total RNAs were isolated from PRF and other autologous blood products following newly adapted protocols used in commercial kits for plasma and tissue samples. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis (qPCR) was used to detect miRNAs in autologous blood products. The miR-16, miR-21, miR-155, and miR-146a were abundant in PRF and other autologous blood products of canines. Furthermore, we found they could maintain stability under protracted freezing temperatures of -30 °C for at least one month. Our findings revealed that PRF might be a stable resource for various canine miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indre Jasineviciute
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Veterinary Faculty, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Md Nazmul Hasan
- Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8580, Japan
| | - Juozas Grigas
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Veterinary Faculty, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Institute of Microbiology and Virology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Arnoldas Pautienius
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Veterinary Faculty, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Institute of Microbiology and Virology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Arunas Stankevicius
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Veterinary Faculty, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Judita Zymantiene
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Veterinary Faculty, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Naoki Miura
- Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8580, Japan
- Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8580, Japan
- Correspondence:
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14
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Henriet E, Abdallah F, Laurent Y, Guimpied C, Clement E, Simon M, Pichon C, Baril P. Targeting TGF-β1/miR-21 pathway in keratinocytes reveals protective effects of silymarin on imiquimod-induced psoriasis mouse model. JID INNOVATIONS 2022; 3:100175. [PMID: 36968096 PMCID: PMC10034514 DOI: 10.1016/j.xjidi.2022.100175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal cells integrate multiple signals that activate the signaling pathways involved in skin homeostasis. TGF-β1 signaling pathway upregulates microRNA (miR)-21-5p in keratinocytes and is often deregulated in skin diseases. To identify the bioactive compounds that enable to modulate the TGF-β1/miR-21-5p signaling pathway, we screened a library of medicinal plant extracts using our miR-ON RILES luciferase reporter system placed under the control of the miR-21-5p in keratinocytes treated with TGF-β1. We identified silymarin, a mixture of flavonolignans extracted from Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn., as the most potent regulator of miR-21-5p expression. Using Argonaute 2 immunoprecipitation and RT-qPCR, we showed that silymarin regulates the expression of miR-21-5p through a noncanonical TGF-β1 signaling pathway, whereas RNA-sequencing analysis revealed three unexpected transcriptomic signatures associated with keratinocyte differentiation, cell cycle, and lipid metabolism. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that SM blocks cell cycle progression, inhibits keratinocyte differentiation through repression of Notch3 expression, stimulates lipid synthesis via activation of PPARγ signaling and inhibits inflammatory responses by suppressing the transcriptional activity of NF-κB. We finally showed that topical application of silymarin alleviates the development of imiquimod-induced psoriasiform lesions in mice by abrogating the altered expression levels of markers involved in inflammation, proliferation, differentiation, and lipid metabolism.
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15
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方 怡, 陈 利, 李 艳, 冉 兴. [Latest Findings on MicroRNAs in Diabetic Chronic Wounds]. SICHUAN DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF SICHUAN UNIVERSITY. MEDICAL SCIENCE EDITION 2022; 53:949-952. [PMID: 36443033 PMCID: PMC10408961 DOI: 10.12182/20221160502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic chronic wound is one of the most serious complications of diabetes, imposing enormous socioeconomic burdens on diabetic patients, their families, and society due to its refractory nature. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as important regulators of various physiological and pathological processes. Abnormalities arise in the regulatory functions of miRNAs in chronic diabetic wounds. Therefore, the modification of miRNAs expression in diabetic wounds is an important channel for the improvement of wound healing. The clinical translation of miRNA-based therapy may become a prospective direction of diabetic wound healing. However, miRNA-based therapy is still in its early stage of development, and actual translation into clinical application will take a long time. Herein, we summarized the latest research findings on miRNAs in diabetic chronic wounds healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- 怡轩 方
- 四川大学华西医院 内分泌代谢科 糖尿病足诊治中心 创面修复创新中心 (成都 610041)Innovation Center for Wound Repair, Diabetic Foot Care Center, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 利鸿 陈
- 四川大学华西医院 内分泌代谢科 糖尿病足诊治中心 创面修复创新中心 (成都 610041)Innovation Center for Wound Repair, Diabetic Foot Care Center, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 艳 李
- 四川大学华西医院 内分泌代谢科 糖尿病足诊治中心 创面修复创新中心 (成都 610041)Innovation Center for Wound Repair, Diabetic Foot Care Center, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 兴无 冉
- 四川大学华西医院 内分泌代谢科 糖尿病足诊治中心 创面修复创新中心 (成都 610041)Innovation Center for Wound Repair, Diabetic Foot Care Center, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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16
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Anti-Inflammatory microRNAs for Treating Inflammatory Skin Diseases. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12081072. [PMID: 36008966 PMCID: PMC9405611 DOI: 10.3390/biom12081072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin inflammation occurs due to immune dysregulation because of internal disorders, infections, and allergic reactions. The inflammation of the skin is a major sign of chronic autoimmune inflammatory diseases, such as psoriasis, atopic dermatitis (AD), and lupus erythematosus. Although there are many therapies for treating these cutaneous inflammation diseases, their recurrence rates are high due to incomplete resolution. MicroRNA (miRNA) plays a critical role in skin inflammation by regulating the expression of protein-coding genes at the posttranscriptional level during pathogenesis and homeostasis maintenance. Some miRNAs possess anti-inflammatory features, which are beneficial for mitigating the inflammatory response. miRNAs that are reduced in inflammatory skin diseases can be supplied transiently using miRNA mimics and agomir. miRNA-based therapies that can target multiple genes in a given pathway are potential candidates for the treatment of skin inflammation. This review article offers an overview of the function of miRNA in skin inflammation regulation, with a focus on psoriasis, AD, and cutaneous wounds. Some bioactive molecules can target and modulate miRNAs to achieve the objective of inflammation suppression. This review also reports the anti-inflammatory efficacy of these molecules through modulating miRNA expression. The main limitations of miRNA-based therapies are rapid biodegradation and poor skin and cell penetration. Consideration was given to improving these drawbacks using the approaches of cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs), nanocarriers, exosomes, and low-frequency ultrasound. A formulation design for successful miRNA delivery into skin and target cells is also described in this review. The possible use of miRNAs as biomarkers and therapeutic modalities could open a novel opportunity for the diagnosis and treatment of inflammation-associated skin diseases.
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17
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Lin Y, Chen Z, Liu Y, Wang J, Lv W, Peng R. Recent Advances in Nano-Formulations for Skin Wound Repair Applications. Drug Des Devel Ther 2022; 16:2707-2728. [PMID: 35996567 PMCID: PMC9392552 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s375541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin injuries caused by accidents and acute or chronic diseases place a heavy burden on patients and health care systems. Current treatments mainly depend on preventing infection, debridement, and hemostasis and on supplementing growth factors, but patients will still have scar tissue proliferation or difficulty healing and other problems after treatment. Conventional treatment usually focuses on a single factor or process of wound repair and often ignores the influence of the wound pathological microenvironment on the final healing effect. Therefore, it is of substantial research value to develop multifunctional therapeutic methods that can actively regulate the wound microenvironment and reduce the oxidative stress level at the wound site to promote the repair of skin wounds. In recent years, various bioactive nanomaterials have shown great potential in tissue repair and regeneration due to their properties, including their unique surface interface effect, small size effect, enzyme activity and quantum effect. This review summarizes the mechanisms underlying skin wound repair and the defects in traditional treatment methods. We focus on analyzing the advantages of different types of nanomaterials and comment on their toxicity and side effects when used for skin wound repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Lin
- Department of Emergency, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai University & Wenzhou No. 3 Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou People’s Hospital, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zheyan Chen
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai University & Wenzhou No. 3 Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou People’s Hospital, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yinai Liu
- Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiawen Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai University & Wenzhou No. 3 Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou People’s Hospital, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wang Lv
- Department of Emergency, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai University & Wenzhou No. 3 Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou People’s Hospital, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Renyi Peng
- Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Renyi Peng, Tel +86 159-5771-6937, Email
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18
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Therapeutic delivery of nucleic acids for skin wound healing. Ther Deliv 2022; 13:339-358. [PMID: 35975470 DOI: 10.4155/tde-2022-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Though wound care has advanced, treating chronic wounds remains a challenge and there are many clinical issues that must be addressed. Gene therapy is a recent approach to treating chronic wounds that remains in its developmental stage. The limited reports available describe the therapeutic applications of various forms of nucleic acid delivery for treating chronic wounds, including DNA, mRNA, siRNA, miRNA and so on. Though these bioactive molecules represent great therapeutic potential, sustaining their bioactivity in the wound bed is a challenge. To overcome this hurdle, delivery systems are also being widely investigated. In this review, nucleic acid-based therapy and its delivery for treating chronic wounds is discussed in detail.
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Kwak G, Cheng J, Kim H, Song S, Lee SJ, Yang Y, Jeong JH, Lee JE, Messersmith PB, Kim SH. Sustained Exosome-Guided Macrophage Polarization Using Hydrolytically Degradable PEG Hydrogels for Cutaneous Wound Healing: Identification of Key Proteins and MiRNAs, and Sustained Release Formulation. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2200060. [PMID: 35229462 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202200060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages (Mφs) are characterized by remarkable plasticity, an essential component of chronic inflammation. Thus, an appropriate and timely transition from proinflammatory (M1) to anti-inflammatory (M2) Mφs during wound healing is vital to promoting resolution of acute inflammation and enhancing tissue repair. Herein, exosomes derived from M2-Mφs (M2-Exos), which contain putative key regulators driving Mφ polarization, are used as local microenvironmental cues to induce reprogramming of M1-Mφs toward M2-Mφs for effective wound management. As an injectable controlled release depot for exosomes, hydrolytically degradable poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogels (Exogels) are designed and employed for encapsulating M2-Exos to maximize their therapeutic effects in cutaneous wound healing. The degradation time of the hydrogels is adjustable from 6 days or up to 27 days by controlling the crosslinking density and tightness. The localization of M2-Exos leads to a successful local transition from M1-Mφs to M2-Mφs within the lesion for more than 6 days, followed by enhanced therapeutic effects including rapid wound closure and increased healing quality in an animal model for cutaneous wound healing. Collectively, the hydrolytically degradable PEG hydrogel-based exosome delivery system may serve as a potential tool in regulating local polarization state of Mφs, which is crucial for tissue homeostasis and wound repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gijung Kwak
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarangro 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jing Cheng
- Departments of Bioengineering and Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, 210 Hearst Mining Building, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Hyosuk Kim
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarangro 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukyung Song
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarangro 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biosystems & Biotechnology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Jin Lee
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarangro 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoosoo Yang
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarangro 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Jeong
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Eun Lee
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarangro 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Phillip B Messersmith
- Departments of Bioengineering and Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, 210 Hearst Mining Building, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Sun Hwa Kim
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarangro 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
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20
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Xie J, Wu W, Zheng L, Lin X, Tai Y, Wang Y, Wang L. Roles of MicroRNA-21 in Skin Wound Healing: A Comprehensive Review. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:828627. [PMID: 35295323 PMCID: PMC8919367 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.828627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA-21 (miR-21), one of the early mammalian miRNAs identified, has been detected to be upregulated in multiple biological processes. Increasing evidence has demonstrated the potential values of miR-21 in cutaneous damage and skin wound healing, but lack of a review article to summarize the current evidence on this issue. Based on this review, relevant studies demonstrated that miR-21 played an essential role in wound healing by constituting a complex network with its targeted genes (i.e., PTEN, RECK. SPRY1/2, NF-κB, and TIMP3) and the cascaded signaling pathways (i.e., MAPK/ERK, PI3K/Akt, Wnt/β-catenin/MMP-7, and TGF-β/Smad7-Smad2/3). The treatment effectiveness developed by miR-21 might be associated with the promotion of the fibroblast differentiation, the improvement of angiogenesis, anti-inflammatory, enhancement of the collagen synthesis, and the re-epithelialization of the wound. Currently, miRNA nanocarrier systems have been developed, supporting the feasibility clinical feasibility of such miR-21-based therapy. After further investigations, miR-21 may serve as a potential therapeutic target for wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xie
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, China
| | - Weizhou Wu
- Department of Urology, Maoming People's Hospital, Guangdong, China
| | - Liying Zheng
- Postgraduate Pepartment, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical College, Ganzhou, China
| | - Xuesong Lin
- Department of Burn Surgery, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, China
| | - Yuncheng Tai
- Department of Burn Surgery, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, China
| | - Yajie Wang
- Department of Burn Surgery, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, China
| | - Le Wang
- Department of Burn Surgery, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, China
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21
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PDL1-binding peptide/anti-miRNA21 conjugate as a therapeutic modality for PD-L1high tumors and TAMs. J Control Release 2022; 345:62-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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22
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Li D, Niu G, Landén NX. Beyond the Code: Noncoding RNAs in Skin Wound Healing. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2022; 14:a041230. [PMID: 35197246 PMCID: PMC9438779 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
An increasing number of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) have been found to regulate gene expression and protein functions, playing important roles in diverse biological processes and diseases. Their crucial functions have been reported in almost every cell type and all stages of skin wound healing. Evidence of their pathogenetic roles in common wound complications, such as chronic nonhealing wounds and excessive scarring, is also accumulating. Given their unique expression and functional properties, ncRNAs are promising therapeutic and diagnostic entities. In this review, we discuss current knowledge about the functional roles of noncoding elements, such as microRNAs, long ncRNAs, and circular RNAs, in skin wound healing, focusing on in vivo evidence from studies of human wound samples and animal wound models. Finally, we provide a perspective on the outlook of ncRNA-based therapeutics in wound care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongqing Li
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Guanglin Niu
- Dermatology and Venereology Division, Department of Medicine Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ning Xu Landén
- Dermatology and Venereology Division, Department of Medicine Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
- Ming Wai Lau Centre for Reparative Medicine, Stockholm Node, Karolinska Institute, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
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23
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Dynamic Changes in miR-21 Regulate Right Ventricular Dysfunction in Congenital Heart Disease-Related Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030564. [PMID: 35159373 PMCID: PMC8834169 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Right ventricular (RV) failure is a major cause of mortality in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), but its mechanism remains largely unknown. MicroRNA-21 (miR-21) is involved in flow-mediated stress in the vasculature, but its effects on RV remodeling require investigations. Herein, we aim to study the mechanism of miR-21 in the early (compensated) and late (decompensated) phases of PAH-induced RV dysfunction. Using aorto-venous fistula (AVS) surgery, we established a rat model of PAH. To mimic the microenvironment of PAH, we treated cardiomyocytes with flow-mediated shear stress in 6 dyne for 3 and 8 h. To evaluate whether miR-21 could be a biomarker, we prospectively collected the sera of patients with congenital heart disease- (CHD) related PAH. Additionally, clinical, echocardiographic and right heart catheterization information was collected. The primary endpoint was hospitalization for decompensated heart failure (HF). It is of note that, despite an initial increase in miR-21 expression in hypertrophic RV post AVS, miR-21 expression decreased with RV dysfunction thereafter. Likewise, the activation of miR-21 in cardiomyocytes under shear stress at 3 h was downregulated at 6 h. The downregulated miR-21 at the late phase was associated with increased apoptosis in cardiomyocytes while miR-21 mimic rescued it. Among 76 CHD-induced PAH patients, 19 who were hospitalized for heart failure represented with a significantly lower expression of circulating miR-21. Collectively, our study revealed that the upregulation of miR-21 in the early phase (RV hypertrophy) and downregulation in the late phase (RV dysfunction) under PAH triggered a biphasic regulation of cardiac remodeling and cardiomyocyte apoptosis.
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24
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Singh P, Muhammad I, Nelson NE, Tran KTM, Vinikoor T, Chorsi MT, D’Orio E, Nguyen TD. Transdermal delivery for gene therapy. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2022; 12:2613-2633. [PMID: 35538189 PMCID: PMC9089295 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-022-01138-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Gene therapy is a critical constituent of treatment approaches for genetic diseases and has gained tremendous attention. Treating and preventing diseases at the genetic level using genetic materials such as DNA or RNAs could be a new avenue in medicine. However, delivering genes is always a challenge as these molecules are sensitive to various enzymes inside the body, often produce systemic toxicity, and suffer from off-targeting problems. In this regard, transdermal delivery has emerged as an appealing approach to enable a high efficiency and low toxicity of genetic medicines. This review systematically summarizes outstanding transdermal gene delivery methods for applications in skin cancer treatment, vaccination, wound healing, and other therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parbeen Singh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, USA
| | - I’jaaz Muhammad
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, USA
| | - Nicole E. Nelson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, USA
| | - Khanh T. M. Tran
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, USA
| | - Tra Vinikoor
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, USA
| | - Meysam T. Chorsi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, USA ,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, USA
| | - Ethan D’Orio
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, USA ,Department of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Advanced Manufacturing for Energy Systems, Storrs, USA
| | - Thanh D. Nguyen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, USA ,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, USA
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25
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Bhar B, Chouhan D, Pai N, Mandal BB. Harnessing Multifaceted Next-Generation Technologies for Improved Skin Wound Healing. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:7738-7763. [PMID: 35006758 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulation of sequential and synchronized events of skin regeneration often results in the impairment of chronic wounds. Conventional wound dressings fail to trigger the normal healing mechanism owing to the pathophysiological conditions. Tissue engineering approaches that deal with the fabrication of dressings using various biomaterials, growth factors, and stem cells have shown accelerated healing outcomes. However, most of these technologies are associated with difficulties in scalability and cost-effectiveness of the products. In this review, we survey the latest developments in wound healing strategies that have recently emerged through the multidisciplinary approaches of bioengineering, nanotechnology, 3D bioprinting, and similar cutting-edge technologies to overcome the limitations of conventional therapies. We also focus on the potential of wearable technology that supports complete monitoring of the changes occurring in the wound microenvironment. In addition, we review the role of advanced devices that can precisely enable the delivery of nanotherapeutics, oligonucleotides, and external stimuli in a controlled manner. These technological advancements offer the opportunity to actively influence the regeneration process to benefit the treatment regime further. Finally, the clinical relevance, trajectory, and prospects of this field have been discussed in brief that highlights their potential in providing a beneficial wound care solution at an affordable cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibrita Bhar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Dimple Chouhan
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Nakhul Pai
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Biman B Mandal
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India.,Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India.,School of Health Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
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26
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Kolanthai E, Fu Y, Kumar U, Babu B, Venkatesan AK, Liechty KW, Seal S. Nanoparticle mediated RNA delivery for wound healing. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 14:e1741. [PMID: 34369096 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Wound healing is a complicated physiological process that comprises various steps, including hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. The wound healing process is significantly affected by coexisting disease states such as diabetes, immunosuppression, or vascular disease. It can also be impacted by age, repeated injury, or hypertrophic scarring. These comorbidities can affect the rate of wound closure, the quality of wound closure, and tissues' function at the affected sites. There are limited options to improve the rate or quality of wound healing, creating a significant unmet need. Advances in nucleic acid research and the human genome project have developed potential novel approaches to address these outstanding requirements. In particular, the use of microRNA, short hairpin RNA, and silencing RNA is unique in their abilities as key regulators within the physiologic machinery of the cell. Although this innovative therapeutic approach using ribonucleic acid (RNA) is an attractive approach, the application as a therapeutic remains a challenge due to site-specific delivery, off-target effects, and RNA degradation obstacles. An ideal delivery system is essential for successful gene delivery. An ideal delivery system should result in high bioactivity, inhibit rapid dilution, controlled release, allow specific activation timings facilitating physiological stability, and minimize multiple dosages. Currently, these goals can be achieved by inorganic nanoparticle (NP) (e.g., cerium oxide, gold, silica, etc.) based delivery systems. This review focuses on providing insight into the preeminent research carried out on various RNAs and their delivery through NPs for effective wound healing. This article is categorized under: Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies Biology-Inspired Nanomaterials > Nucleic Acid-Based Structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elayaraja Kolanthai
- Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Center, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Yifei Fu
- Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Center, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Udit Kumar
- Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Center, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Balaashwin Babu
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | | | - Kenneth W Liechty
- Laboratory for Fetal and Regenerative Biology, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Sudipta Seal
- Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Center, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA.,College of Medicine, Nanoscience Technology Center, Biionix Cluster, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
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27
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Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes: Applications in Regenerative Medicine. Cells 2021; 10:cells10081959. [PMID: 34440728 PMCID: PMC8393426 DOI: 10.3390/cells10081959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are a type of extracellular vesicles, produced within multivesicular bodies, that are then released into the extracellular space through a merging of the multivesicular body with the plasma membrane. These vesicles are secreted by almost all cell types to aid in a vast array of cellular functions, including intercellular communication, cell differentiation and proliferation, angiogenesis, stress response, and immune signaling. This ability to contribute to several distinct processes is due to the complexity of exosomes, as they carry a multitude of signaling moieties, including proteins, lipids, cell surface receptors, enzymes, cytokines, transcription factors, and nucleic acids. The favorable biological properties of exosomes including biocompatibility, stability, low toxicity, and proficient exchange of molecular cargos make exosomes prime candidates for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Exploring the functions and molecular payloads of exosomes can facilitate tissue regeneration therapies and provide mechanistic insight into paracrine modulation of cellular activities. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of exosome biogenesis, composition, and isolation methods. We also discuss emerging healing properties of exosomes and exosomal cargos, such as microRNAs, in brain injuries, cardiovascular disease, and COVID-19 amongst others. Overall, this review highlights the burgeoning roles and potential applications of exosomes in regenerative medicine.
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28
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Zhou S, Zeng H, Huang J, Lei L, Tong X, Li S, Zhou Y, Guo H, Khan M, Luo L, Xiao R, Chen J, Zeng Q. Epigenetic regulation of melanogenesis. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 69:101349. [PMID: 33984527 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Melanogenesis is a complex process in which melanin is synthesized in melanocytes and transported to keratinocytes, which involves multiple genes and signaling pathways. Epigenetics refers to the potential genetic changes that affect gene expression without involving changes in the original sequence of DNA nucleotides. DNA methylation regulates the expression of key genes such as tyrosinase (TYR), tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TYRP1), dopachrome tautomerase (DCT) and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), as well as paracrine factors such as stem cell factor (SCF) and endothelin-1 (ET-1) in melanogenesis. Potential DNA methylation sites are present in the genes of melanogenesis-related signaling pathways such as "Wnt", "PI3K/Akt/CREB" and "MAPK". H3K27 acetylation is abundant in melanogenesis-related genes. Both the upstream activation and downstream regulation of MITF depend on histone acetyltransferase CBP/p300, and pH-induced H3K27 acetylation may be the amplifying mechanism of MITF's effect. HDAC1 and HDAC10 catalyze histone deacetylation of melanogenesis-related gene promoters. Chromatin remodelers SWI/SNF complex and ISWI complex use the energy of ATP hydrolysis to rearrange nucleosomes, while their active subunits BRG1, BRM and BPTF, act as activators and cofactors of MITF. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) can directly target a large number of melanogenesis-related genes, while long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs) regulate melanogenesis in a variety of ways. Interactions exist among the epigenetic mechanisms of melanogenesis. For example, the methyl CpG binding domain protein 2 (MeCP2) links DNA methylation, histone deacetylation, and histone methylation. Epigenetic-based therapy provides novel opportunities for treating dermatoses that are caused by pigmentation disturbances. This review summarizes the epigenetic regulation mechanisms of melanogenesis, and examines the pathogenesis and treatment of epigenetics in pigmentation disorders.
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29
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Mechanistic Actions of microRNAs in Diabetic Wound Healing. Cells 2020; 9:cells9102228. [PMID: 33023156 PMCID: PMC7601058 DOI: 10.3390/cells9102228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Wound healing is a complex biological process that is impaired under diabetes conditions. Chronic non-healing wounds in diabetes are some of the most expensive healthcare expenditures worldwide. Early diagnosis and efficacious treatment strategies are needed. microRNAs (miRNAs), a class of 18–25 nucleotide long RNAs, are important regulatory molecules involved in gene expression regulation and in the repression of translation, controlling protein expression in health and disease. Recently, miRNAs have emerged as critical players in impaired wound healing and could be targets for potential therapies for non-healing wounds. Here, we review and discuss the mechanistic background of miRNA actions in chronic wounds that can shed the light on their utilization as specific wound healing biomarkers.
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30
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Lee AY. The Role of MicroRNAs in Epidermal Barrier. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165781. [PMID: 32806619 PMCID: PMC7460865 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs), which mostly cause target gene silencing via transcriptional repression and degradation of target mRNAs, regulate a plethora of cellular activities, such as cell growth, differentiation, development, and apoptosis. In the case of skin keratinocytes, the role of miRNA in epidermal barrier integrity has been identified. Based on the impact of key genetic and environmental factors on the integrity and maintenance of skin barrier, the association of miRNAs within epidermal cell differentiation and proliferation, cell-cell adhesion, and skin lipids is reviewed. The critical role of miRNAs in the epidermal barrier extends the use of miRNAs for control of relevant skin diseases such as atopic dermatitis, ichthyoses, and psoriasis via miRNA-based technologies. Most of the relevant miRNAs have been associated with keratinocyte differentiation and proliferation. Few studies have investigated the association of miRNAs with structural proteins of corneocytes and cornified envelopes, cell-cell adhesion, and skin lipids. Further studies investigating the association between regulatory and structural components of epidermal barrier and miRNAs are needed to elucidate the role of miRNAs in epidermal barrier integrity and their clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Young Lee
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, 814 Siksa-dong, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 410-773, Korea
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