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Khan AA, Langston HC, Walsh L, Roscoe R, Jayawardhana S, Francisco AF, Taylor MC, McCann CJ, Kelly JM, Lewis MD. Enteric nervous system regeneration and functional cure of experimental digestive Chagas disease with trypanocidal chemotherapy. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4400. [PMID: 38782898 PMCID: PMC11116530 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48749-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Digestive Chagas disease (DCD) is an enteric neuropathy caused by Trypanosoma cruzi infection. There is a lack of evidence on the mechanism of pathogenesis and rationales for treatment. We used a female C3H/HeN mouse model that recapitulates key clinical manifestations to study how infection dynamics shape DCD pathology and the impact of treatment with the front-line, anti-parasitic drug benznidazole. Curative treatment 6 weeks post-infection resulted in sustained recovery of gastrointestinal transit function, whereas treatment failure led to infection relapse and gradual return of DCD symptoms. Neuro/immune gene expression patterns shifted from chronic inflammation to a tissue repair profile after cure, accompanied by increased cellular proliferation, glial cell marker expression and recovery of neuronal density in the myenteric plexus. Delaying treatment until 24 weeks post-infection led to partial reversal of DCD, suggesting the accumulation of permanent tissue damage over the course of chronic infection. Our study shows that murine DCD pathogenesis is sustained by chronic T. cruzi infection and is not an inevitable consequence of acute stage denervation. The risk of irreversible enteric neuromuscular tissue damage and dysfunction developing highlights the importance of prompt diagnosis and treatment. These findings support the concept of treating asymptomatic, T. cruzi-infected individuals with benznidazole to prevent DCD development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archie A Khan
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, WC1E 7HT, London, UK
| | - Harry C Langston
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, WC1E 7HT, London, UK
| | - Louis Walsh
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, WC1E 7HT, London, UK
| | - Rebecca Roscoe
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, WC1E 7HT, London, UK
| | - Shiromani Jayawardhana
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, WC1E 7HT, London, UK
| | - Amanda Fortes Francisco
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, WC1E 7HT, London, UK
| | - Martin C Taylor
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, WC1E 7HT, London, UK
| | - Conor J McCann
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, University College London, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - John M Kelly
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, WC1E 7HT, London, UK
| | - Michael D Lewis
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, WC1E 7HT, London, UK.
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, CV4 7AJ, Coventry, UK.
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Hallada LP, Shirinifard A, Solecki DJ. Junctional Adhesion Molecule (JAM)-C recruitment of Pard3 and drebrin to cell contacts initiates neuron-glia recognition and layer-specific cell sorting in developing cerebella. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.26.586832. [PMID: 38585827 PMCID: PMC10996703 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.26.586832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Sorting maturing neurons into distinct layers is critical for brain development, with disruptions leading to neurological disorders and pediatric cancers. Lamination coordinates where, when, and how cells interact, facilitating events that direct migrating neurons to their destined positions within emerging neural networks and control the wiring of connections in functional circuits. While the role of adhesion molecule expression and presentation in driving adhesive recognition during neuronal migration along glial fibers is recognized, the mechanisms by which the spatial arrangement of these molecules on the cell surface dictates adhesive specificity and translates contact-based external cues into intracellular responses like polarization and cytoskeletal organization remain largely unexplored. We used the cerebellar granule neuron (CGN) system to demonstrate that JAM-C receptor cis-binding on the same cell and trans-binding to neighboring cells controls the recruitment of the Pard3 polarity protein and drebrin microtubule-actin crosslinker at CGN to glial adhesion sites, complementing previous studies that showed Pard3 controls JAM-C exocytic surface presentation. Leveraging advanced imaging techniques, specific probes for cell recognition, and analytical methods to dissect adhesion dynamics, our findings reveal: 1) JAM-C cis or trans mutants result in reduced adhesion formation between CGNs and cerebellar glia, 2) these mutants exhibit delayed recruitment of Pard3 at the adhesion sites, and 3) CGNs with JAM-C mutations experience postponed sorting and entry into the cerebellar molecular layer (ML). By developing a conditional system to image adhesion components from two different cells simultaneously, we made it possible to investigate the dynamics of cell recognition on both sides of neuron-glial contacts and the subsequent recruitment of proteins required for CGN migration. This system and an approach that calculates local correlation based on convolution kernels at the cell adhesions site revealed that CGN to CGN JAM recognition preferentially recruits higher levels of Pard3 and drebrin than CGN to glia JAM recognition. The long latency time of CGNs in the inner external germinal layer (EGL) can be attributed to the combined strength of CGN-CGN contacts and the less efficient Pard3 recruitment by CGN-BG contacts, acting as gatekeepers to ML entry. As CGNs eventually transition to glia binding for radial migration, our research demonstrates that establishing permissive JAM-recognition sites on glia via cis and trans interactions of CGN JAM-C serves as a critical temporal checkpoint for sorting at the EGL to ML boundary. This mechanism integrates intrinsic and extrinsic cellular signals, facilitating heterotypic cell sorting into the ML and dictating the precise spatial organization within the cerebellar architecture.
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Heide S, Argilli E, Valence S, Boutaud L, Roux N, Mignot C, Nava C, Keren B, Giraudat K, Faudet A, Gerasimenko A, Garel C, Blondiaux E, Rastetter A, Grevent D, Le C, Mackenzie L, Richards L, Attié-Bitach T, Depienne C, Sherr E, Héron D. Loss-of-function variants in ZEB1 cause dominant anomalies of the corpus callosum with favourable cognitive prognosis. J Med Genet 2024; 61:244-249. [PMID: 37857482 DOI: 10.1136/jmg-2023-109293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The neurodevelopmental prognosis of anomalies of the corpus callosum (ACC), one of the most frequent brain malformations, varies extremely, ranging from normal development to profound intellectual disability (ID). Numerous genes are known to cause syndromic ACC with ID, whereas the genetics of ACC without ID remains poorly deciphered. METHODS Through a collaborative work, we describe here ZEB1, a gene previously involved in an ophthalmological condition called type 3 posterior polymorphous corneal dystrophy, as a new dominant gene of ACC. We report a series of nine individuals with ACC (including three fetuses terminated due to ACC) carrying a ZEB1 heterozygous loss-of-function (LoF) variant, identified by exome sequencing. RESULTS In five cases, the variant was inherited from a parent with a normal corpus callosum, which illustrates the incomplete penetrance of ACC in individuals with an LoF in ZEB1. All patients reported normal schooling and none of them had ID. Neuropsychological assessment in six patients showed either normal functioning or heterogeneous cognition. Moreover, two patients had a bicornuate uterus, three had a cardiovascular anomaly and four had macrocephaly at birth, which suggests a larger spectrum of malformations related to ZEB1. CONCLUSION This study shows ZEB1 LoF variants cause dominantly inherited ACC without ID and extends the extraocular phenotype related to this gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solveig Heide
- Department of Genetics and Referral Center for Intellectual disabilities of rare causes, AP-HP.Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, 75013, France, Paris, France
| | - Emanuela Argilli
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco Division of Hospital Medicine, San Francisco, California, USA
- Institute of Human Genetics and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Stéphanie Valence
- Department of Neuropediatry & Referral Center for Intellectual disabilities of rare causes, AP-HP.Sorbonne Université, Hopital Armand-Trousseau, Paris, France
| | - Lucile Boutaud
- Genomic medicine of rare diseases, UF MP5, Hopital universitaire Necker-enfants Malades, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Roux
- Genomic medicine of rare diseases, UF MP5, Hopital universitaire Necker-enfants Malades, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Cyril Mignot
- Department of Genetics and Referral Center for Intellectual disabilities of rare causes, AP-HP.Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, 75013, France, Paris, France
| | - Caroline Nava
- Department of Genetics, Unit of Developmental Genomics, AP-HP.Sorbonne Université, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Boris Keren
- Department of Genetics, Unit of Developmental Genomics, AP-HP.Sorbonne Université, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Kim Giraudat
- Department of Neuropediatry & Referral Center for Intellectual disabilities of rare causes, AP-HP.Sorbonne Université, Hopital Armand-Trousseau, Paris, France
| | - Anne Faudet
- Department of Genetics and Referral Center for Intellectual disabilities of rare causes, AP-HP.Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, 75013, France, Paris, France
| | - Anna Gerasimenko
- Department of Genetics and Referral Center for Intellectual disabilities of rare causes, AP-HP.Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, 75013, France, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Garel
- Department of pediatric and prenatal imaging, Armand-Trousseau Hospital, Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Eleonore Blondiaux
- Department of pediatric and prenatal imaging, Armand-Trousseau Hospital, Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Agnès Rastetter
- Paris Brain Institute (ICM Institut du Cerveau), Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMR S 1127, Paris, France
| | - David Grevent
- Radiology Department, Hopital universitaire Necker-enfants Malades, Paris, France
- EA fetus 7328 and LUMIERE Platform, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Carolyn Le
- Institute of Human Genetics and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Institute of Human Genetics and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Lisa Mackenzie
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Linda Richards
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Tania Attié-Bitach
- Genomic medicine of rare diseases, UF MP5, Hopital universitaire Necker-enfants Malades, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Christel Depienne
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Essen, Universitu Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Elliott Sherr
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco Division of Hospital Medicine, San Francisco, California, USA
- Institute of Human Genetics and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Delphine Héron
- Department of Genetics and Referral Center for Intellectual disabilities of rare causes, AP-HP.Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, 75013, France, Paris, France
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Chen WJ, Zhong HT, Wu HT, Hou YY, Wu Z, Fang ZX, Liu J. NOTCH3 inhibits transcription factor ZEB1 expression and metastasis of breast cancer cells via transcriptionally upregulating miR-223. J Cancer 2024; 15:192-203. [PMID: 38164285 PMCID: PMC10751662 DOI: 10.7150/jca.89034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: NOTCH receptor 3 (NOTCH3) and zinc finger E-box binding protein 1 (ZEB1) play important roles in breast cancer respectively. NOTCH3 maintains the luminal phenotype and inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in breast cancer, while ZEB1 and NOTCH3 have the opposite effects. Methods: Public databases were used to predict the expression of NOTCH3 and ZEB1 in breast cancer cell lines. The regulatory effect of NOTCH3 on ZEB1 expression was verified by western blot and RT-PCR. MiRNAs regulating ZEB1 expression were identified by using multiple databases and confirmed by reporter gene experiments. Cellular function experiments were conducted to evaluate the role of NOTCH3/miR-223/ZEB1 in the proliferation and invasion of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Results: NOTCH3 and ZEB1 have opposite expression pattern in MCF-7 cells that over-express LncATB or were incubated in TGF-β to induce EMT. Western blotting and RT-PCR showed that NOTCH3 could regulate expression of ZEB1. MiR-223 inhibited the proliferation and invasion of breast cancer cells via down-regulating the expression of ZEB1. NOTCH3 inhibited the proliferation and invasion of breast cancer cells via up-regulating the expression of miR-223. Clinically, high expression of NOTCH3, miR-223 or low expression of ZEB1 were related to good prognosis of breast cancer patients. Conclusion: The current study reports a novel NOTCH3/miR-223/ZEB1 axis, which can inhibit the proliferation and invasion of breast cancer cells, and may serve as a potential biomarker for the prognosis of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jia Chen
- The Breast Cancer, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
- Department of Physiology/Changjiang Scholar's Laboratory, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Hui-Ting Zhong
- Department of Breast Surgery, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, Huizhou 516000, China
| | - Hua-Tao Wu
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Yan-Yu Hou
- The Breast Cancer, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
- Department of Physiology/Changjiang Scholar's Laboratory, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Zheng Wu
- The Breast Cancer, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
- Department of Physiology/Changjiang Scholar's Laboratory, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Ze-Xuan Fang
- The Breast Cancer, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
- Department of Physiology/Changjiang Scholar's Laboratory, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Jing Liu
- The Breast Cancer, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
- Department of Physiology/Changjiang Scholar's Laboratory, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
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5
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Ohyama K, Shinohara HM, Omura S, Kawachi T, Sato T, Toda K. PSmad3+/Olig2- expression defines a subpopulation of gfap-GFP+/Sox9+ neural progenitors and radial glia-like cells in mouse dentate gyrus through embryonic and postnatal development. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1204012. [PMID: 37795190 PMCID: PMC10547214 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1204012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In mouse dentate gyrus, radial glia-like cells (RGLs) persist throughout life and play a critical role in the generation of granule neurons. A large body of evidence has shown that the combinatorial expression of transcription factors (TFs) defines cell types in the developing central nervous system (CNS). As yet, the identification of specific TFs that exclusively define RGLs in the developing mouse dentate gyrus (DG) remains elusive. Here we show that phospho-Smad3 (PSmad3) is expressed in a subpopulation of neural progenitors in the DG. During embryonic stage (E14-15), PSmad3 was predominantly expressed in gfap-GFP-positive (GFP+)/Sox2+ progenitors located at the lower dentate notch (LDN). As the development proceeds (E16-17), the vast majority of PSmad3+ cells were GFP+/Sox2+/Prox1low+/Ki67+ proliferative progenitors that eventually differentiated into granule neurons. During postnatal stage (P1-P6) PSmad3 expression was observed in GFP+ progenitors and astrocytes. Subsequently, at P14-P60, PSmad3 expression was found both in GFP+ RGLs in the subgranular zone (SGZ) and astrocytes in the molecular layer (ML) and hilus. Notably, PSmad3+ SGZ cells did not express proliferation markers such as PCNA and phospho-vimentin, suggesting that they are predominantly quiescent from P14 onwards. Significantly PSmad3+/GFP+ astrocytes, but not SGZ cells, co-expressed Olig2 and S100β. Together, PSmad3+/Olig2- expression serves as an exclusive marker for a specific subpopulation of GFP+ neural progenitors and RGLs in the mouse DG during both embryonic and postnatal period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoji Ohyama
- Department of Histology and Neuroanatomy, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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6
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Mätlik K, Govek EE, Paul MR, Allis CD, Hatten ME. Histone bivalency regulates the timing of cerebellar granule cell development. Genes Dev 2023; 37:570-589. [PMID: 37491148 PMCID: PMC10499015 DOI: 10.1101/gad.350594.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Developing neurons undergo a progression of morphological and gene expression changes as they transition from neuronal progenitors to mature neurons. Here we used RNA-seq and H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 ChIP-seq to analyze how chromatin modifications control gene expression in a specific type of CNS neuron: the mouse cerebellar granule cell (GC). We found that in proliferating GC progenitors (GCPs), H3K4me3/H3K27me3 bivalency is common at neuronal genes and undergoes dynamic changes that correlate with gene expression during migration and circuit formation. Expressing a fluorescent sensor for bivalent domains revealed subnuclear bivalent foci in proliferating GCPs. Inhibiting H3K27 methyltransferases EZH1 and EZH2 in vitro and in organotypic cerebellar slices dramatically altered the expression of bivalent genes, induced the down-regulation of migration-related genes and up-regulation of synaptic genes, inhibited glial-guided migration, and accelerated terminal differentiation. Thus, histone bivalency is required to regulate the timing of the progression from progenitor cells to mature neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kärt Mätlik
- Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Eve-Ellen Govek
- Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Matthew R Paul
- Bioinformatics Resource Center, Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - C David Allis
- Laboratory of Chromatin Biology and Epigenetics, Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Mary E Hatten
- Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA;
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7
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Anerillas C, Altés G, Gorospe M. MAPKs in the early steps of senescence implemEMTation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1083401. [PMID: 37009481 PMCID: PMC10060890 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1083401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence is accumulating that the earliest stages of the DNA damage response can direct cells toward senescence instead of other cell fates. In particular, tightly regulated signaling through Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (MAPKs) in early senescence can lead to a sustained pro-survival program and suppress a pro-apoptotic program. Importantly, an epithelial-to-mesenchymal Transition (EMT)-like program appears essential for preventing apoptosis and favoring senescence following DNA damage. In this review, we discuss how MAPKs might influence EMT features to promote a senescent phenotype that increases cell survival at the detriment of tissue function.
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8
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Fratini L, Dalmolin MGS, Sinigaglia M, da Silveira Perla A, de Farias CB, Brunetto AL, Brunetto AT, da Cunha Jaeger M, Roesler R. ZEB1 is a Subgroup-Specific Marker of Prognosis and Potential Drug Target in Medulloblastoma. Neuromolecular Med 2023; 25:64-74. [PMID: 35716340 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-022-08716-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB) is a malignant brain tumor that afflicts mostly children and adolescents and presents four distinct molecular subgroups, known as WNT, SHH, Group 3, and Group 4. ZEB1 is a transcription factor that promotes the expression of mesenchymal markers while restraining expression of epithelial and polarity genes. Because of ZEB1 involvement in cerebellum development, here we investigated the role of ZEB1 in MB. We found increased expression of ZEB1 in MB tumor samples compared to normal cerebellar tissue. Expression was higher in the SHH subgroup when compared to all other MB molecular subgroups. High ZEB1 expression was associated with poor prognosis in Group 3 and Group 4, whereas in patients with WNT tumors poorer prognosis were related to lower ZEB1 expression. There was a moderate correlation between ZEB1 and MYC expression in Group 3 and Group 4 MB. Treatment with the immunomodulator and histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor fingolimod (FTY720) reduced ZEB1 expression specifically in D283 cells, which are representative of Group 3 and Group 4 MB. These findings reveal novel subgroup-specific associations of ZEB1 expression with survival in patients with MB and suggest that ZEB1 expression can be reduced by pharmacological agents that target HDAC activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Fratini
- Cancer and Neurobiology Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Clinical Hospital (CPE-HCPA), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute for Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil.
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center of Biotechnology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 91501-970, Brazil.
| | - Matheus Gibeke Siqueira Dalmolin
- Cancer and Neurobiology Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Clinical Hospital (CPE-HCPA), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
- Children's Cancer Institute, Porto Alegre, RS, 90620-110, Brazil
| | - Marialva Sinigaglia
- Cancer and Neurobiology Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Clinical Hospital (CPE-HCPA), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
- Children's Cancer Institute, Porto Alegre, RS, 90620-110, Brazil
| | - Alexandre da Silveira Perla
- Cancer and Neurobiology Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Clinical Hospital (CPE-HCPA), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute for Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil
- Neurology Service, São José Hospital, Santa Casa de Misericórdia Porto Alegre Hospital Complex, Porto Alegre, RS, 90020-090, Brazil
| | - Caroline Brunetto de Farias
- Cancer and Neurobiology Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Clinical Hospital (CPE-HCPA), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
- Children's Cancer Institute, Porto Alegre, RS, 90620-110, Brazil
| | - Algemir L Brunetto
- Cancer and Neurobiology Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Clinical Hospital (CPE-HCPA), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
- Children's Cancer Institute, Porto Alegre, RS, 90620-110, Brazil
| | - André T Brunetto
- Cancer and Neurobiology Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Clinical Hospital (CPE-HCPA), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
- Children's Cancer Institute, Porto Alegre, RS, 90620-110, Brazil
| | - Mariane da Cunha Jaeger
- Cancer and Neurobiology Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Clinical Hospital (CPE-HCPA), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
- Children's Cancer Institute, Porto Alegre, RS, 90620-110, Brazil
| | - Rafael Roesler
- Cancer and Neurobiology Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Clinical Hospital (CPE-HCPA), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute for Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil.
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center of Biotechnology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 91501-970, Brazil.
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Mätlik K, Govek EE, Paul MR, Allis CD, Hatten ME. Histone bivalency regulates the timing of cerebellar granule cell development. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.02.526881. [PMID: 36778390 PMCID: PMC9915618 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.02.526881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Developing neurons undergo a progression of morphological and gene expression changes as they transition from neuronal progenitors to mature, multipolar neurons. Here we use RNA-seq and H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 ChIP-seq to analyze how chromatin modifications control gene expression in a specific type of CNS neuron, the mouse cerebellar granule cell (GC). We find that in proliferating GC progenitors (GCPs), H3K4me3/H3K27me3 bivalency is common at neuronal genes and undergoes dynamic changes that correlate with gene expression during migration and circuit formation. Expressing a fluorescent sensor for bivalent H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 domains revealed subnuclear bivalent foci in proliferating GCPs. Inhibiting H3K27 methyltransferases EZH1 and EZH2 in vitro and in organotypic cerebellar slices dramatically altered the expression of bivalent genes and induced the downregulation of migration-related genes and upregulation of synaptic genes, inhibited glial-guided migration, and accelerated terminal differentiation. Thus, histone bivalency is required to regulate the timing of the progression from progenitor cells to mature neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kärt Mätlik
- Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, Rockefeller University, 10065, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eve-Ellen Govek
- Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, Rockefeller University, 10065, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matthew R. Paul
- Bioinformatics Resource Center, Rockefeller University, 10065, New York, NY, USA
| | - C. David Allis
- Laboratory of Chromatin Biology and Epigenetics, Rockefeller University, 10065, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mary E. Hatten
- Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, Rockefeller University, 10065, New York, NY, USA
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10
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Poonaki E, Kahlert UD, Meuth SG, Gorji A. The role of the ZEB1–neuroinflammation axis in CNS disorders. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:275. [PMCID: PMC9675144 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02636-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) is a master modulator of the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), a process whereby epithelial cells undergo a series of molecular changes and express certain characteristics of mesenchymal cells. ZEB1, in association with other EMT transcription factors, promotes neuroinflammation through changes in the production of inflammatory mediators, the morphology and function of immune cells, and multiple signaling pathways that mediate the inflammatory response. The ZEB1–neuroinflammation axis plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of different CNS disorders, such as brain tumors, multiple sclerosis, cerebrovascular diseases, and neuropathic pain, by promoting tumor cell proliferation and invasiveness, formation of the hostile inflammatory micromilieu surrounding neuronal tissues, dysfunction of microglia and astrocytes, impairment of angiogenesis, and dysfunction of the blood–brain barrier. Future studies are needed to elucidate whether the ZEB1–neuroinflammation axis could serve as a diagnostic, prognostic, and/or therapeutic target for CNS disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Poonaki
- grid.411327.20000 0001 2176 9917Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany ,grid.5949.10000 0001 2172 9288Epilepsy Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Domagkstr. 11, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Ulf Dietrich Kahlert
- grid.5807.a0000 0001 1018 4307Molecular and Experimental Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University Clinic for General-, Visceral-, Vascular- and Transplantation Surgery, Otto-Von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Sven G. Meuth
- grid.411327.20000 0001 2176 9917Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ali Gorji
- grid.5949.10000 0001 2172 9288Epilepsy Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Domagkstr. 11, 48149 Münster, Germany ,grid.512981.60000 0004 0612 1380Shefa Neuroscience Research Center, Khatam Alanbia Hospital, Tehran, Iran ,grid.411583.a0000 0001 2198 6209Neuroscience Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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11
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Place E, Manning E, Kim DW, Kinjo A, Nakamura G, Ohyama K. SHH and Notch regulate SOX9+ progenitors to govern arcuate POMC neurogenesis. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:855288. [PMID: 36033614 PMCID: PMC9404380 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.855288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC)-expressing neurons in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC) play key roles in feeding and energy homoeostasis, hence their development is of great research interest. As the process of neurogenesis is accompanied by changes in adhesion, polarity, and migration that resemble aspects of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transitions (EMTs), we have characterised the expression and regulation within the prospective ARC of transcription factors with context-dependent abilities to regulate aspects of EMT. Informed by pseudotime meta-analysis of recent scRNA-seq data, we use immunohistochemistry and multiplex in situ hybridisation to show that SOX2, SRY-Box transcription factor 9 (SOX9), PROX1, Islet1 (ISL1), and SOX11 are sequentially expressed over the course of POMC neurogenesis in the embryonic chick. Through pharmacological studies ex vivo, we demonstrate that while inhibiting either sonic hedgehog (SHH) or Notch signalling reduces the number of SOX9+ neural progenitor cells, these treatments lead, respectively, to lesser and greater numbers of differentiating ISL1+/POMC+ neurons. These results are consistent with a model in which SHH promotes the formation of SOX9+ progenitors, and Notch acts to limit their differentiation. Both pathways are also required to maintain normal levels of proliferation and to suppress apoptosis. Together our findings demonstrate that hypothalamic neurogenesis is accompanied by dynamic expression of transcription factors (TFs) that mediate EMTs, and that SHH and Notch signalling converge to regulate hypothalamic cellular homoeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsie Place
- School of Biosciences, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Manning
- School of Biosciences, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Dong Won Kim
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Arisa Kinjo
- Department of Histology and Neuroanatomy, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Go Nakamura
- Department of Histology and Neuroanatomy, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kyoji Ohyama
- Department of Histology and Neuroanatomy, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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12
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Solecki DJ. Neuronal Polarity Pathways as Central Integrators of Cell-Extrinsic Information During Interactions of Neural Progenitors With Germinal Niches. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:829666. [PMID: 35600073 PMCID: PMC9116468 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.829666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Germinal niche interactions and their effect on developing neurons have become the subject of intense investigation. Dissecting the complex interplay of cell-extrinsic and cell-intrinsic factors at the heart of these interactions reveals the critical basic mechanisms of neural development and how it goes awry in pediatric neurologic disorders. A full accounting of how developing neurons navigate their niches to mature and integrate into a developing neural circuit requires a combination of genetic characterization of and physical access to neurons and their supporting cell types plus transformative imaging to determine the cell biological and gene-regulatory responses to niche cues. The mouse cerebellar cortex is a prototypical experimental system meeting all of these criteria. The lessons learned therein have been scaled to other model systems and brain regions to stimulate discoveries of how developing neurons make many developmental decisions. This review focuses on how mouse cerebellar granule neuron progenitors interact with signals in their germinal niche and how that affects the neuronal differentiation and cell polarization programs that underpin lamination of the developing cerebellum. We show how modeling of these mechanisms in other systems has added to the growing evidence of how defective neuronal polarity contributes to developmental disease.
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13
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Kreimer A, Ashuach T, Inoue F, Khodaverdian A, Deng C, Yosef N, Ahituv N. Massively parallel reporter perturbation assays uncover temporal regulatory architecture during neural differentiation. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1504. [PMID: 35315433 PMCID: PMC8938438 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28659-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene regulatory elements play a key role in orchestrating gene expression during cellular differentiation, but what determines their function over time remains largely unknown. Here, we perform perturbation-based massively parallel reporter assays at seven early time points of neural differentiation to systematically characterize how regulatory elements and motifs within them guide cellular differentiation. By perturbing over 2,000 putative DNA binding motifs in active regulatory regions, we delineate four categories of functional elements, and observe that activity direction is mostly determined by the sequence itself, while the magnitude of effect depends on the cellular environment. We also find that fine-tuning transcription rates is often achieved by a combined activity of adjacent activating and repressing elements. Our work provides a blueprint for the sequence components needed to induce different transcriptional patterns in general and specifically during neural differentiation. How gene regulatory elements regulate gene expression during cellular differentiation remains largely unknown. Here the authors use perturbation-based massively parallel reporter assays at early time points of neural differentiation to systematically characterize how regulatory elements and motifs within them guide different transcriptional patterns.
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14
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Jiang H, Wei H, Wang H, Wang Z, Li J, Ou Y, Xiao X, Wang W, Chang A, Sun W, Zhao L, Yang S. Zeb1-induced metabolic reprogramming of glycolysis is essential for macrophage polarization in breast cancer. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:206. [PMID: 35246504 PMCID: PMC8897397 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04632-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Aerobic glycolysis (the Warburg effect) has been demonstrated to facilitate tumor progression by producing lactate, which has important roles as a proinflammatory and immunosuppressive mediator. However, how aerobic glycolysis is directly regulated is largely unknown. Here, we show that ectopic Zeb1 directly increases the transcriptional expression of HK2, PFKP, and PKM2, which are glycolytic rate-determining enzymes, thus promoting the Warburg effect and breast cancer proliferation, migration, and chemoresistance in vitro and in vivo. In addition, Zeb1 exerts its biological effects to induce glycolytic activity in response to hypoxia via the PI3K/Akt/HIF-1α signaling axis, which contributes to fostering an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Mechanistically, breast cancer cells with ectopic Zeb1 expression produce lactate in the acidic tumor milieu to induce the alternatively activated (M2) macrophage phenotype through stimulation of the PKA/CREB signaling pathway. Clinically, the expression of Zeb1 is positively correlated with dysregulation of aerobic glycolysis, accumulation of M2-like tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and a poor prognosis in breast cancer patients. In conclusion, these findings identify a Zeb1-dependent mechanism as a driver of breast cancer progression that acts by stimulating tumor–macrophage interplay, which could be a viable therapeutic target for the treatment of advanced human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Jiang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Neurovascular Regulation, Medical College of Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.,Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-based Precision Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Huimin Wei
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Neurovascular Regulation, Medical College of Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Hang Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Neurovascular Regulation, Medical College of Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Zhaoyang Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Neurovascular Regulation, Medical College of Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Jianjun Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Neurovascular Regulation, Medical College of Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yang Ou
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Neurovascular Regulation, Medical College of Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xuechun Xiao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Neurovascular Regulation, Medical College of Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Wenhao Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Neurovascular Regulation, Medical College of Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Antao Chang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Neurovascular Regulation, Medical College of Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Neurovascular Regulation, Medical College of Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Shuang Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Neurovascular Regulation, Medical College of Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
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15
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Godini R, Fallahi H. Dynamics of transcription regulatory network during mice-derived retina organoid development. Gene 2021; 813:146131. [PMID: 34933077 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.146131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The retina is a complex system containing several neuron types arranged in distinct layers. Many aspects of the retina's development and the molecular events in the human light-sensing system have been previously unveiled. However, there is limited information about regulatory networks governing the transitional stages during retina development. To address this issue, we have studied the transcriptome dynamics of mice-derived retinal organoid development in 10 successive time-points, from stem cell to functional retina. For the first time, we have identified the main modules of genes related to different stages of development and predicted all possible transcription factors. A major shift in the transcriptome occurs during the transition of cells from D0 to D10 and again at the late stages of retina development. Transcription, nervous system development, cell cycle, neurotransmitter transport, glycosylation, and lipid metabolisms are the most important biological processes during retina development. Altogether, we have identified and reported 15 TFs, including Irx2, Irx3, Lmo2, Tead2, Tbx20, and Zeb1, which are potentially involved in the regulation of retinal organoid development. In conclusion, using several rigorous analyses, we have found main stage-specific biological processes in the retina development and predicted TFs with strong potency in controlling this structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasoul Godini
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Hossein Fallahi
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences, Razi University, Kermanshah 6714115111, Iran.
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16
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Lozoya OA, Xu F, Grenet D, Wang T, Stevanovic KD, Cushman JD, Hagler TB, Gruzdev A, Jensen P, Hernandez B, Riadi G, Moy SS, Santos JH, Woychik RP. A brain-specific pgc1α fusion transcript affects gene expression and behavioural outcomes in mice. Life Sci Alliance 2021; 4:4/12/e202101122. [PMID: 34649938 PMCID: PMC8548212 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202101122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study shows that loss of a brain-specific fusion isoform of PGC1a leads to up-regulation of genes and motor impairments in mice, suggesting functional differences between PGC1 isoforms in the brain. PGC1α is a transcriptional coactivator in peripheral tissues, but its function in the brain remains poorly understood. Various brain-specific Pgc1α isoforms have been reported in mice and humans, including two fusion transcripts (FTs) with non-coding repetitive sequences, but their function is unknown. The FTs initiate at a simple sequence repeat locus ∼570 Kb upstream from the reference promoter; one also includes a portion of a short interspersed nuclear element (SINE). Using publicly available genomics data, here we show that the SINE FT is the predominant form of Pgc1α in neurons. Furthermore, mutation of the SINE in mice leads to altered behavioural phenotypes and significant up-regulation of genes in the female, but not male, cerebellum. Surprisingly, these genes are largely involved in neurotransmission, having poor association with the classical mitochondrial or antioxidant programs. These data expand our knowledge on the role of Pgc1α in neuronal physiology and suggest that different isoforms may have distinct functions. They also highlight the need for further studies before modulating levels of Pgc1α in the brain for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oswaldo A Lozoya
- Genomic Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, National Institutes of Health, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Fuhua Xu
- Genomic Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, National Institutes of Health, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Dagoberto Grenet
- Genomic Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, National Institutes of Health, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Tianyuan Wang
- Integrative Bioinformatics Branch, National Institutes of Health, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Korey D Stevanovic
- Neurobehavioral Core Laboratory, National Institutes of Health, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jesse D Cushman
- Neurobehavioral Core Laboratory, National Institutes of Health, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Thomas B Hagler
- Knockout Mouse Core Facility, National Institutes of Health, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Artiom Gruzdev
- Knockout Mouse Core Facility, National Institutes of Health, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Patricia Jensen
- Neurobiology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Bairon Hernandez
- Centro de Bioinformática y Simulación Molecular, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Gonzalo Riadi
- Centro de Bioinformática y Simulación Molecular, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Sheryl S Moy
- Department of Psychiatry, Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Janine H Santos
- Genomic Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, National Institutes of Health, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Richard P Woychik
- Genomic Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, National Institutes of Health, Durham, NC, USA
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17
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Almotiri A, Alzahrani H, Menendez-Gonzalez JB, Abdelfattah A, Alotaibi B, Saleh L, Greene A, Georgiou M, Gibbs A, Alsayari A, Taha S, Thomas LA, Shah D, Edkins S, Giles P, Stemmler MP, Brabletz S, Brabletz T, Boyd AS, Siebzehnrubl FA, Rodrigues NP. Zeb1 modulates hematopoietic stem cell fates required for suppressing acute myeloid leukemia. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:129115. [PMID: 33108352 PMCID: PMC7773410 DOI: 10.1172/jci129115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Zeb1, a zinc finger E-box binding homeobox epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) transcription factor, confers properties of "stemness," such as self-renewal, in cancer. Yet little is known about the function of Zeb1 in adult stem cells. Here, we used the hematopoietic system as a well-established paradigm of stem cell biology to evaluate Zeb1-mediated regulation of adult stem cells. We employed a conditional genetic approach using the Mx1-Cre system to specifically knock out (KO) Zeb1 in adult hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and their downstream progeny. Acute genetic deletion of Zeb1 led to rapid-onset thymic atrophy and apoptosis-driven loss of thymocytes and T cells. A profound cell-autonomous self-renewal defect and multilineage differentiation block were observed in Zeb1-KO HSCs. Loss of Zeb1 in HSCs activated transcriptional programs of deregulated HSC maintenance and multilineage differentiation genes and of cell polarity consisting of cytoskeleton-, lipid metabolism/lipid membrane-, and cell adhesion-related genes. Notably, epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) expression was prodigiously upregulated in Zeb1-KO HSCs, which correlated with enhanced cell survival, diminished mitochondrial metabolism, ribosome biogenesis, and differentiation capacity and an activated transcriptomic signature associated with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) signaling. ZEB1 expression was downregulated in AML patients, and Zeb1 KO in the malignant counterparts of HSCs - leukemic stem cells (LSCs) - accelerated MLL-AF9- and Meis1a/Hoxa9-driven AML progression, implicating Zeb1 as a tumor suppressor in AML LSCs. Thus, Zeb1 acts as a transcriptional regulator in hematopoiesis, critically coordinating HSC self-renewal, apoptotic, and multilineage differentiation fates required to suppress leukemic potential in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alhomidi Almotiri
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff University, School of Biosciences, Cardiff, United Kingdom.,College of Applied Medical Sciences-Dawadmi, Shaqra University, Dawadmi, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamed Alzahrani
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff University, School of Biosciences, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ali Abdelfattah
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff University, School of Biosciences, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Badi Alotaibi
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff University, School of Biosciences, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Lubaid Saleh
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff University, School of Biosciences, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Adelle Greene
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff University, School of Biosciences, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Mia Georgiou
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff University, School of Biosciences, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Alex Gibbs
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff University, School of Biosciences, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Amani Alsayari
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff University, School of Biosciences, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Sarab Taha
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff University, School of Biosciences, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Leigh-Anne Thomas
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff University, School of Biosciences, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Dhruv Shah
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff University, School of Biosciences, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Edkins
- Wales Gene Park and Wales Cancer Research Centre, Division of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University, School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Giles
- Wales Gene Park and Wales Cancer Research Centre, Division of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University, School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Marc P Stemmler
- Department of Experimental Medicine 1, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center for Molecular Medicine, FAU University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Simone Brabletz
- Department of Experimental Medicine 1, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center for Molecular Medicine, FAU University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas Brabletz
- Department of Experimental Medicine 1, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center for Molecular Medicine, FAU University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ashleigh S Boyd
- Department of Surgical Biotechnology, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Royal Free Hospital, and.,Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Florian A Siebzehnrubl
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff University, School of Biosciences, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Neil P Rodrigues
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff University, School of Biosciences, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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18
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Gupta B, Errington AC, Jimenez-Pascual A, Eftychidis V, Brabletz S, Stemmler MP, Brabletz T, Petrik D, Siebzehnrubl FA. The transcription factor ZEB1 regulates stem cell self-renewal and cell fate in the adult hippocampus. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109588. [PMID: 34433050 PMCID: PMC8411115 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Radial glia-like (RGL) stem cells persist in the adult mammalian hippocampus, where they generate new neurons and astrocytes throughout life. The process of adult neurogenesis is well documented, but cell-autonomous factors regulating neuronal and astroglial differentiation are incompletely understood. Here, we evaluate the functions of the transcription factor zinc-finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) in adult hippocampal RGL cells using a conditional-inducible mouse model. We find that ZEB1 is necessary for self-renewal of active RGL cells. Genetic deletion of Zeb1 causes a shift toward symmetric cell division that consumes the RGL cell and generates pro-neuronal progenies, resulting in an increase of newborn neurons and a decrease of newly generated astrocytes. We identify ZEB1 as positive regulator of the ets-domain transcription factor ETV5 that is critical for asymmetric division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavana Gupta
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff University School of Biosciences, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Adam C Errington
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University School of Biosciences, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Ana Jimenez-Pascual
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff University School of Biosciences, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Vasileios Eftychidis
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff University School of Biosciences, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Simone Brabletz
- Department of Experimental Medicine I, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Marc P Stemmler
- Department of Experimental Medicine I, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas Brabletz
- Department of Experimental Medicine I, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - David Petrik
- Cardiff University School of Biosciences, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Florian A Siebzehnrubl
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff University School of Biosciences, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK.
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19
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Fratini L, Jaeger M, de Farias CB, Brunetto AT, Brunetto AL, Shaw L, Roesler R. Oncogenic functions of ZEB1 in pediatric solid cancers: interplays with microRNAs and long noncoding RNAs. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 476:4107-4116. [PMID: 34292482 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04226-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor Zinc finger E-box binding 1 (ZEB1) displays a range of regulatory activities in cell function and embryonic development, including driving epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Several aspects of ZEB1 function can be regulated by its functional interactions with noncoding RNA types, namely microRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). Increasing evidence indicates that ZEB1 importantly influences cancer initiation, tumor progression, metastasis, and resistance to treatment. Cancer is the main disease-related cause of death in children and adolescents. Although the role of ZEB1 in pediatric cancer is still poorly understood, emerging findings have shown that it is expressed and regulates childhood solid tumors including osteosarcoma, retinoblastoma, neuroblastoma, and central nervous system tumors. Here, we review the evidence supporting a role for ZEB1, and its interplays with miRNAs and lncRNAs, in pediatric cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lívia Fratini
- Cancer and Neurobiology Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Clinical Hospital (CPE-HCPA), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil. .,Department of Pharmacology, Institute for Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500 (ICBS, Campus Centro/UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil.
| | - Mariane Jaeger
- Cancer and Neurobiology Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Clinical Hospital (CPE-HCPA), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.,Children's Cancer Institute, Porto Alegre, RS, 90620-110, Brazil
| | - Caroline Brunetto de Farias
- Cancer and Neurobiology Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Clinical Hospital (CPE-HCPA), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.,Children's Cancer Institute, Porto Alegre, RS, 90620-110, Brazil
| | - André T Brunetto
- Cancer and Neurobiology Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Clinical Hospital (CPE-HCPA), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.,Children's Cancer Institute, Porto Alegre, RS, 90620-110, Brazil
| | - Algemir L Brunetto
- Cancer and Neurobiology Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Clinical Hospital (CPE-HCPA), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.,Children's Cancer Institute, Porto Alegre, RS, 90620-110, Brazil
| | - Lisa Shaw
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR1 2HE, Lancashire, UK
| | - Rafael Roesler
- Cancer and Neurobiology Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Clinical Hospital (CPE-HCPA), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil. .,Department of Pharmacology, Institute for Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500 (ICBS, Campus Centro/UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil.
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20
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Van Battum E, Heitz-Marchaland C, Zagar Y, Fouquet S, Kuner R, Chédotal A. Plexin-B2 controls the timing of differentiation and the motility of cerebellar granule neurons. eLife 2021; 10:60554. [PMID: 34100719 PMCID: PMC8211449 DOI: 10.7554/elife.60554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Plexin-B2 deletion leads to aberrant lamination of cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs) and Purkinje cells. Although in the cerebellum Plexin-B2 is only expressed by proliferating CGN precursors in the outer external granule layer (oEGL), its function in CGN development is still elusive. Here, we used 3D imaging, in vivo electroporation and live-imaging techniques to study CGN development in novel cerebellum-specific Plxnb2 conditional knockout mice. We show that proliferating CGNs in Plxnb2 mutants not only escape the oEGL and mix with newborn postmitotic CGNs. Furthermore, motility of mitotic precursors and early postmitotic CGNs is altered. Together, this leads to the formation of ectopic patches of CGNs at the cerebellar surface and an intermingling of normally time-stamped parallel fibers in the molecular layer (ML), and aberrant arborization of Purkinje cell dendrites. There results suggest that Plexin-B2 restricts CGN motility and might have a function in cytokinesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eljo Van Battum
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | | | - Yvrick Zagar
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Fouquet
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | - Rohini Kuner
- Pharmacology Institute, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alain Chédotal
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
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21
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Mei HF, Dong XR, Chen HY, Lu YL, Wu BB, Wang HJ, Cheng GQ, Wang LS, Cao Y, Yang L, Zhou WH. Genetic etiologies associated with infantile hydrocephalus in a Chinese infantile cohort. World J Pediatr 2021; 17:305-316. [PMID: 33914258 DOI: 10.1007/s12519-021-00429-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infantile hydrocephalus (IHC) is commonly related to other central nervous system diseases, which may have adverse effects on prognosis. The causes of IHC are heterogeneous, and the genetic etiologies are not fully understood. This study aimed to analyze the genetic etiologies of an IHC cohort. METHODS The data for 110 IHC patients who had received exome sequencing at the Clinical Genetic Center of the Children's Hospital of Fudan University between 2016 and 2019 were reviewed and analyzed retrospectively. An exome-wide association analysis (EWAS) was performed within this cohort using IHC as the study phenotype. RESULTS Of the 110 IHC patients, a pathogenic or likely pathogenic variant was identified in 16 (15%) patients, spanning 13 genes. The genes were mainly associated with metabolic disorders, brain abnormalities, and genetic syndromes. IHC patients who had unclear clinical etiology were more likely to possess a genetic etiology. Based on previous studies and on our EWAS results, ZEB1, SBF2, and GNAI2 were over-represented among IHC patients and might affect the signaling pathways involved in IHC formation. CONCLUSIONS Our study showed heterogeneous genetic etiologies in an IHC cohort. It is essential to perform genetic testing on IHC patients who have unclear clinical etiology, and genes associated with metabolic disorders, brain abnormalities, and genetic syndromes should be noted. In addition, when aiming to discover IHC susceptibility genes, genes that might influence the signaling pathways involved in IHC formation should be prioritized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Fang Mei
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin-Ran Dong
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui-Yao Chen
- Center for Molecular Medicine of Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Lan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing-Bing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui-Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Guo-Qiang Cheng
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Lai-Shuan Wang
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Cao
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Clinical Genetic Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, 399 Wan Yuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, China.
| | - Wen-Hao Zhou
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China.,Clinical Genetic Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, 399 Wan Yuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, China
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22
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Li L, Feng Y, Hu S, Du Y, Xu X, Zhang M, Peng X, Chen F. ZEB1 serves as an oncogene in acute myeloid leukaemia via regulating the PTEN/PI3K/AKT signalling pathway by combining with P53. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:5295-5304. [PMID: 33960640 PMCID: PMC8178252 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukaemia is a complex, highly aggressive hematopoietic disorder. Currently, in spite of great advances in radiotherapy and chemotherapy, the prognosis for AML patients with initial treatment failure is still poor. Therefore, the need for novel and efficient therapies to improve AML treatment outcome has become desperately urgent. In this study, we identified the expression of ZEB1 (a transcription factor) and focused on its possible role and mechanisms in the progression of AML. According to the data provided by the Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA), high expression of ZEB1 closely correlates with poor prognosis in AML patients. Additionally, the overexpression of ZEB1 was observed in both AML patients and cell lines. Further functional experiments showed that ZEB1 depletion can induce AML differentiation and inhibit AML proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, ZEB1 expression was negatively correlated with tumour suppressor P53 expression and ZEB1 can directly bind to P53. Our results also revealed that ZEB1 can regulate PTEN/PI3K/AKT signalling pathway. The inhibitory effect of ZEB1 silencing on PTEN/PI3K/AKT signalling pathway could be significantly reversed by P53 small interfering RNA treatment. Overall, the present data indicated that ZEB1 may be a promising therapeutic target for AML treatment or a potential biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanlan Li
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
| | - Yubin Feng
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
| | - Shuang Hu
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
| | - Yan Du
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaoling Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
| | - Meiju Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaoqing Peng
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
| | - Feihu Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
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23
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Ong T, Trivedi N, Wakefield R, Frase S, Solecki DJ. Siah2 integrates mitogenic and extracellular matrix signals linking neuronal progenitor ciliogenesis with germinal zone occupancy. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5312. [PMID: 33082319 PMCID: PMC7576183 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19063-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence is lacking as to how developing neurons integrate mitogenic signals with microenvironment cues to control proliferation and differentiation. We determine that the Siah2 E3 ubiquitin ligase functions in a coincidence detection circuit linking responses to the Shh mitogen and the extracellular matrix to control cerebellar granule neurons (CGN) GZ occupancy. We show that Shh signaling maintains Siah2 expression in CGN progenitors (GNPs) in a Ras/Mapk-dependent manner. Siah2 supports ciliogenesis in a feed-forward fashion by restraining cilium disassembly. Efforts to identify sources of the Ras/Mapk signaling led us to discover that GNPs respond to laminin, but not vitronectin, in the GZ microenvironment via integrin β1 receptors, which engages the Ras/Mapk cascade with Shh, and that this niche interaction is essential for promoting GNP ciliogenesis. As GNPs leave the GZ, differentiation is driven by changing extracellular cues that diminish Siah2-activity leading to primary cilia shortening and attenuation of the mitogenic response. In neural development, progenitors transition from a proliferative to a differentiated state. Here, the authors show that cerebellar granule neurons retract primary cilia as they exit their proliferative niche upon decreased ECM engagement, enabling radial migration due to loss of Shh sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taren Ong
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Niraj Trivedi
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Randall Wakefield
- Cell and Tissue Imaging Center-EM, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Sharon Frase
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - David J Solecki
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA.
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24
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Arefin B, Parvin F, Bahrampour S, Stadler CB, Thor S. Drosophila Neuroblast Selection Is Gated by Notch, Snail, SoxB, and EMT Gene Interplay. Cell Rep 2020; 29:3636-3651.e3. [PMID: 31825841 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In the developing Drosophila central nervous system (CNS), neural progenitor (neuroblast [NB]) selection is gated by lateral inhibition, controlled by Notch signaling and proneural genes. However, proneural mutants still generate many NBs, indicating the existence of additional proneural genes. Moreover, recent studies reveal involvement of key epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) genes in NB selection, but the regulatory interplay between Notch signaling and the EMT machinery is unclear. We find that SoxNeuro (SoxB family) and worniu (Snail family) are integrated with the Notch pathway, and constitute the missing proneural genes. Notch signaling, the proneural, SoxNeuro, and worniu genes regulate key EMT genes to orchestrate the NB selection process. Hence, we uncover an expanded lateral inhibition network for NB selection and demonstrate its link to key players in the EMT machinery. The evolutionary conservation of the genes involved suggests that the Notch-SoxB-Snail-EMT network may control neural progenitor selection in many other systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badrul Arefin
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linkoping University, 58185 Linkoping, Sweden
| | - Farjana Parvin
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linkoping University, 58185 Linkoping, Sweden
| | - Shahrzad Bahrampour
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linkoping University, 58185 Linkoping, Sweden
| | - Caroline Bivik Stadler
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linkoping University, 58185 Linkoping, Sweden
| | - Stefan Thor
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linkoping University, 58185 Linkoping, Sweden; School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
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25
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Goldowitz D. Oxygen Sensing Comes to the Development of the Cerebellum. Neuron 2020; 106:554-555. [PMID: 32437652 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2020.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In this issue of Neuron, Kullmann et al. (2020) demonstrate that the hypoxic state of the developing cerebellum stimulates Hif1a expression to maintain cell proliferation until vascularization creates normoxic conditions, activating Pard polarity signaling complex genes and stimulating cells to cease proliferation and begin migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Goldowitz
- Department of Medical Genetics, Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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26
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ZEB1 Represses Neural Differentiation and Cooperates with CTBP2 to Dynamically Regulate Cell Migration during Neocortex Development. Cell Rep 2020; 27:2335-2353.e6. [PMID: 31116980 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.04.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Zinc-finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (Zeb1) is a key regulator of epithelial-mesenchymal transition and cancer metastasis. Mutation of ZEB1 is associated with human diseases and defective brain development. Here we show that downregulation of Zeb1 expression in embryonic cortical neural progenitor cells (NPCs) is necessary for proper neuronal differentiation and migration. Overexpression of Zeb1 during neuronal differentiation, when its expression normally declines, blocks NPC lineage progression and disrupts multipolar-to-bipolar transition of differentiating neurons, leading to severe migration defects and subcortical heterotopia bands at postnatal stages. ZEB1 regulates a cohort of genes involved in cell differentiation and migration, including Neurod1 and Pard6b. The interaction between ZEB1 and CTBP2 in the embryonic cerebral cortex is required for ZEB1 to elicit its effect on the multipolar-to-bipolar transition, but not its suppression of Neurod1. These findings provide insights into understanding the complexity of transcriptional regulation during neuronal differentiation.
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27
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Differential regulation of lineage commitment in human and mouse primed pluripotent stem cells by the nucleosome remodelling and deacetylation complex. Stem Cell Res 2020; 46:101867. [PMID: 32535494 PMCID: PMC7347010 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2020.101867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Differentiation of mammalian pluripotent cells involves large-scale changes in transcription and, among the molecules that orchestrate these changes, chromatin remodellers are essential to initiate, establish and maintain a new gene regulatory network. The Nucleosome Remodelling and Deacetylation (NuRD) complex is a highly conserved chromatin remodeller which fine-tunes gene expression in embryonic stem cells. While the function of NuRD in mouse pluripotent cells has been well defined, no study yet has defined NuRD function in human pluripotent cells. Here we find that while NuRD activity is required for lineage commitment from primed pluripotency in both human and mouse cells, the nature of this requirement is surprisingly different. While mouse embryonic stem cells (mESC) and epiblast stem cells (mEpiSC) require NuRD to maintain an appropriate differentiation trajectory as judged by gene expression profiling, human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) lacking NuRD fail to even initiate these trajectories. Further, while NuRD activity is dispensable for self-renewal of mESCs and mEpiSCs, hiPSCs require NuRD to maintain a stable self-renewing state. These studies reveal that failure to properly fine-tune gene expression and/or to reduce transcriptional noise through the action of a highly conserved chromatin remodeller can have different consequences in human and mouse pluripotent stem cells.
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28
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Sasaki K, Davies J, Doldán NG, Arao S, Ferdousi F, Szele FG, Isoda H. 3,4,5-Tricaffeoylquinic acid induces adult neurogenesis and improves deficit of learning and memory in aging model senescence-accelerated prone 8 mice. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 11:401-422. [PMID: 30654329 PMCID: PMC6366991 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Caffeoylquinic acid (CQA) is a natural polyphenol with evidence of antioxidant and neuroprotective effects and prevention of deficits in spatial learning and memory. We studied the cognitive-enhancing effect of 3,4,5-tricaffeoylquinic acid (TCQA) and explored its cellular and molecular mechanism in the senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) model of aging and Alzheimer's disease as well as in human neural stem cells (hNSCs). Mice were fed with 5 mg/kg of TCQA for 30 days and were tested in the Morris water maze (MWM). Brain tissues were collected for immunohistochemical detection of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) to detect activated stem cells and newborn neurons. TCQA-treated SAMP8 exhibited significantly improved cognitive performance in MWM compared to water-treated SAMP8. TCQA-treated SAMP8 mice also had significantly higher numbers of BrdU+/glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP+) and BrdU+/Neuronal nuclei (NeuN+) cells in the dentate gyrus (DG) neurogenic niche compared with untreated SAMP8. In hNSCs, TCQA induced cell cycle arrest at G0/G1, actin cytoskeleton organization, chromatin remodeling, neuronal differentiation, and bone morphogenetic protein signaling. The neurogenesis promoting effect of TCQA in the DG of SAMP8 mice might explain the cognition-enhancing influence of TCQA observed in our study, and our hNSCs in aggregate suggest a therapeutic potential for TCQA in aging-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazunori Sasaki
- Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan.,Interdisciplinary Research Center for Catalytic Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), AIST Tsukuba Central 5-2, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan.,Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - Julie Davies
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX13QX, UK
| | - Noelia Geribaldi Doldán
- Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan.,Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX13QX, UK
| | - Sayo Arao
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Japan1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Farhana Ferdousi
- Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Francis G Szele
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX13QX, UK
| | - Hiroko Isoda
- Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan.,Interdisciplinary Research Center for Catalytic Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), AIST Tsukuba Central 5-2, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan.,Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Japan1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
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29
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Kullmann JA, Trivedi N, Howell D, Laumonnerie C, Nguyen V, Banerjee SS, Stabley DR, Shirinifard A, Rowitch DH, Solecki DJ. Oxygen Tension and the VHL-Hif1α Pathway Determine Onset of Neuronal Polarization and Cerebellar Germinal Zone Exit. Neuron 2020; 106:607-623.e5. [PMID: 32183943 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2020.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Postnatal brain circuit assembly is driven by temporally regulated intrinsic and cell-extrinsic cues that organize neurogenesis, migration, and axo-dendritic specification in post-mitotic neurons. While cell polarity is an intrinsic organizer of morphogenic events, environmental cues in the germinal zone (GZ) instructing neuron polarization and their coupling during postnatal development are unclear. We report that oxygen tension, which rises at birth, and the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL)-hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (Hif1α) pathway regulate polarization and maturation of post-mitotic cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs). At early postnatal stages with low GZ vascularization, Hif1α restrains CGN-progenitor cell-cycle exit. Unexpectedly, cell-intrinsic VHL-Hif1α pathway activation also delays the timing of CGN differentiation, germinal zone exit, and migration initiation through transcriptional repression of the partitioning-defective (Pard) complex. As vascularization proceeds, these inhibitory mechanisms are downregulated, implicating increasing oxygen tension as a critical switch for neuronal polarization and cerebellar GZ exit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan A Kullmann
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; Molecular Neurobiology Group, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Philipps University of Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Niraj Trivedi
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Danielle Howell
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Christophe Laumonnerie
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Vien Nguyen
- Department of Pediatrics and Eli and Edythe Broad Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regeneration Medicine Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Shalini S Banerjee
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Daniel R Stabley
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Abbas Shirinifard
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - David H Rowitch
- Department of Pediatrics and Eli and Edythe Broad Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regeneration Medicine Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Pediatrics and Wellcome Trust-MRC Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0AN, UK
| | - David J Solecki
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.
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30
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Wu HT, Zhong HT, Li GW, Shen JX, Ye QQ, Zhang ML, Liu J. Oncogenic functions of the EMT-related transcription factor ZEB1 in breast cancer. J Transl Med 2020; 18:51. [PMID: 32014049 PMCID: PMC6998212 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02240-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1, also termed TCF8 and δEF1) is a crucial member of the zinc finger-homeodomain transcription factor family, originally identified as a binding protein of the lens-specific δ1-crystalline enhancer and is a pivotal transcription factor in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process. ZEB1 also plays a vital role in embryonic development and cancer progression, including breast cancer progression. Increasing evidence suggests that ZEB1 stimulates tumor cells with mesenchymal traits and promotes multidrug resistance, proliferation, and metastasis, indicating the importance of ZEB1-induced EMT in cancer development. ZEB1 expression is regulated by multiple signaling pathways and components, including TGF-β, β-catenin, miRNA and other factors. Here, we summarize the recent discoveries of the functions and mechanisms of ZEB1 to understand the role of ZEB1 in EMT regulation in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Tao Wu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Hui-Ting Zhong
- Changjiang Scholar's Laboratory/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Guan-Wu Li
- Open Laboratory for Tumor Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry, The Key Lab of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Xin Shen
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian-Qian Ye
- Changjiang Scholar's Laboratory/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
- Department of Physiology/Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Man-Li Zhang
- Changjiang Scholar's Laboratory/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Changjiang Scholar's Laboratory/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China.
- Department of Physiology/Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China.
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31
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The multiverse nature of epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 58:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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32
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Hamada H, Yamamura M, Ohi H, Kobayashi Y, Niwa K, Oyama T, Mano Y, Asai M, Tanuma SI, Uchiumi F. Characterization of the human zinc finger nfx‑1‑type containing 1 encoding ZNFX1 gene and its response to 12‑O‑tetradecanoyl‑13‑acetate in HL‑60 cells. Int J Oncol 2019; 55:896-904. [PMID: 31432148 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Human promyelocytic HL‑60 cells can be differentiated into macrophage‑like cells by treatment with 12‑O‑tetra decanoylphorbol‑13‑acetate (TPA). Certain 5' upstream regions of the zinc finger protein (ZNF)‑encoding genes contain duplicated GGAA motifs, which are frequently found in the TPA‑responding gene promoter regions. To examine transcriptional responses to TPA, 5'flanking regions of human zinc finger CCCH‑type containing, antiviral, ZNF252, ZNF343, ZNF555, ZNF782 and zinc finger nfx‑1‑type containing 1 (ZNFX1) genes were isolated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and ligated into a multiple‑cloning site of the pGL4.10[luc2] vector. Transient transfection and a luciferase assay revealed that the ZNFX1 promoter most prominently responded to the TPA treatment. Deletion and point mutation experiments indicated that the duplicated GGAA motif in the 100‑bp region positively responded to TPA. In addition, reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR and western blotting showed that the mRNA and protein of ZNFX1 accumulate during the differentiation of HL‑60 cells. These results indicated that expression of the TPA‑inducible ZNFX1 gene, which belongs to the group of interferon‑responsive genes, is regulated by the cis‑action of the duplicated GGAA motif.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Hamada
- Department of Gene Regulation, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda‑shi, Chiba‑ken 278‑8510, Japan
| | - Mayu Yamamura
- Department of Gene Regulation, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda‑shi, Chiba‑ken 278‑8510, Japan
| | - Hiroto Ohi
- Department of Gene Regulation, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda‑shi, Chiba‑ken 278‑8510, Japan
| | - Yota Kobayashi
- Department of Gene Regulation, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda‑shi, Chiba‑ken 278‑8510, Japan
| | - Kuniyoshi Niwa
- Department of Gene Regulation, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda‑shi, Chiba‑ken 278‑8510, Japan
| | - Takahiro Oyama
- Department of Gene Regulation, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda‑shi, Chiba‑ken 278‑8510, Japan
| | - Yasunari Mano
- Department of Clinical Drug Informatics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda‑shi, Chiba‑ken 278‑8510, Japan
| | - Masashi Asai
- Department of Gene Regulation, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda‑shi, Chiba‑ken 278‑8510, Japan
| | - Sei-Ichi Tanuma
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda‑shi, Chiba‑ken 278‑8510, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Uchiumi
- Department of Gene Regulation, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda‑shi, Chiba‑ken 278‑8510, Japan
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Mawaribuchi S, Aiki Y, Ikeda N, Ito Y. mRNA and miRNA expression profiles in an ectoderm-biased substate of human pluripotent stem cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11910. [PMID: 31417139 PMCID: PMC6695399 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48447-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential applications of human pluripotent stem cells, embryonic stem (ES) cells, and induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells in cell therapy and regenerative medicine have been widely studied. The precise definition of pluripotent stem cell status during culture using biomarkers is essential for basic research and regenerative medicine. Culture conditions, including extracellular matrices, influence the balance between self-renewal and differentiation. Accordingly, to explore biomarkers for defining and monitoring the pluripotent substates during culture, we established different substates in H9 human ES cells by changing the extracellular matrix from vitronectin to Matrigel. The substate was characterised by low and high expression of the pluripotency marker R-10G epitope and the mesenchymal marker vimentin, respectively. Immunohistochemistry, induction of the three germ layers, and exhaustive expression analysis showed that the substate was ectoderm-biased, tended to differentiate into nerves, but retained the potential to differentiate into the three germ layers. Further integrated analyses of mRNA and miRNA microarrays and qPCR analysis showed that nine genes (COL9A2, DGKI, GBX2, KIF26B, MARCH1, PLXNA4, SLC24A4, TLR4, and ZHX3) were upregulated in the ectoderm-biased cells as ectoderm-biased biomarker candidates in pluripotent stem cells. Our findings provide important insights into ectoderm-biased substates of human pluripotent stem cells in the fields of basic research and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuuji Mawaribuchi
- Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Aiki
- Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan
| | - Nozomi Ikeda
- Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan
| | - Yuzuru Ito
- Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan.
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34
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van Mierlo G, Wester RA, Marks H. A Mass Spectrometry Survey of Chromatin-Associated Proteins in Pluripotency and Early Lineage Commitment. Proteomics 2019; 19:e1900047. [PMID: 31219242 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201900047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pluripotency can be captured in vitro in the form of Embryonic Stem Cells (ESCs). These ESCs can be either maintained in the unrestricted "naïve" state of pluripotency, adapted to developmentally more constrained "primed" pluripotency or differentiated towards each of the three germ layers. Epigenetic protein complexes and transcription factors have been shown to specify and instruct transitions from ESCs to distinct cell states. In this study, proteomic profiling of the chromatin landscape by chromatin enrichment for proteomics (ChEP) is used in mouse naive pluripotent ESCs, primed pluripotent Epiblast stem cells (EpiSCs), and cells in early stages of differentiation. A comprehensive overview of epigenetic protein complexes associated with the chromatin is provided and proteins associated with the maintenance and loss of pluripotency are identified. The data reveal major compositional alterations of epigenetic complexes during priming and differentiation of naïve pluripotent ESCs. These results contribute to the understanding of ESC differentiation and provide a framework for future studies of lineage commitment of ESCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido van Mierlo
- Department of Molecular Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University, Nijmegen, 6525GA, The Netherlands.,Department of Molecular Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Oncode Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, 6525GA, The Netherlands
| | - Roelof Alexander Wester
- Department of Molecular Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University, Nijmegen, 6525GA, The Netherlands
| | - Hendrik Marks
- Department of Molecular Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University, Nijmegen, 6525GA, The Netherlands
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35
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Banerjee S, Wei X, Xie H. Recursive Motif Analyses Identify Brain Epigenetic Transcription Regulatory Modules. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2019; 17:507-515. [PMID: 31011409 PMCID: PMC6462766 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation is an epigenetic modification modulating the structure of DNA molecule and the interactions with its binding proteins. Accumulating large-scale methylation data motivates the development of analytic tools to facilitate methylome data mining. One critical phenomenon associated with dynamic DNA methylation is the altered DNA binding affinity of transcription factors, which plays key roles in gene expression regulation. In this study, we conceived an algorithm to predict epigenetic regulatory modules through recursive motif analyses on differentially methylated loci. A two-step procedure was implemented to first group differentially methylated loci into clusters according to their correlations in methylation profiles and then to repeatedly identify the transcription factor binding motifs significantly enriched in each cluster. We applied this tool on methylome datasets generated for mouse brains which have a lack of DNA demethylation enzymes TET1 or TET2. Compared with wild type control, the differentially methylated CpG sites identified in TET1 knockout mouse brains differed significantly from those determined for TET2 knockout. Transcription factors with zinc finger DNA binding domains including Egr1, Zic3, and Zeb1 were predicted to be associated with TET1 mediated brain methylome programming, while Lhx family members with Homeobox domains were predicted to be associated with TET2 function. Interestingly, genomic loci from a co-methylated cluster often host motifs for transcription factors sharing the same DNA binding domains. Altogether, our study provided a systematic approach for epigenetic regulatory module identification and will help throw light on the interplay of DNA methylation and transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharmi Banerjee
- Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.,Biocomplexity Institute of Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Xiaoran Wei
- Biocomplexity Institute of Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.,Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Hehuang Xie
- Biocomplexity Institute of Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.,Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.,School of Neuroscience, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
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36
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Camargo Ortega G, Falk S, Johansson PA, Peyre E, Broix L, Sahu SK, Hirst W, Schlichthaerle T, De Juan Romero C, Draganova K, Vinopal S, Chinnappa K, Gavranovic A, Karakaya T, Steininger T, Merl-Pham J, Feederle R, Shao W, Shi SH, Hauck SM, Jungmann R, Bradke F, Borrell V, Geerlof A, Reber S, Tiwari VK, Huttner WB, Wilsch-Bräuninger M, Nguyen L, Götz M. The centrosome protein AKNA regulates neurogenesis via microtubule organization. Nature 2019; 567:113-117. [PMID: 30787442 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-0962-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The expansion of brain size is accompanied by a relative enlargement of the subventricular zone during development. Epithelial-like neural stem cells divide in the ventricular zone at the ventricles of the embryonic brain, self-renew and generate basal progenitors1 that delaminate and settle in the subventricular zone in enlarged brain regions2. The length of time that cells stay in the subventricular zone is essential for controlling further amplification and fate determination. Here we show that the interphase centrosome protein AKNA has a key role in this process. AKNA localizes at the subdistal appendages of the mother centriole in specific subtypes of neural stem cells, and in almost all basal progenitors. This protein is necessary and sufficient to organize centrosomal microtubules, and promote their nucleation and growth. These features of AKNA are important for mediating the delamination process in the formation of the subventricular zone. Moreover, AKNA regulates the exit from the subventricular zone, which reveals the pivotal role of centrosomal microtubule organization in enabling cells to both enter and remain in the subventricular zone. The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition is also regulated by AKNA in other epithelial cells, demonstrating its general importance for the control of cell delamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Germán Camargo Ortega
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany.,Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany.,Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences, Biocenter, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Sven Falk
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany.,Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Pia A Johansson
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany.,Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany.,Laboratory of Molecular Neurogenetics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Elise Peyre
- GIGA-Stem Cells, Molecular regulation of neurogenesis, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Loïc Broix
- GIGA-Stem Cells, Molecular regulation of neurogenesis, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | | | - William Hirst
- IRI for the Life Sciences, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany.,Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Thomas Schlichthaerle
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany.,Department of Physics and Center for Nanoscience, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Camino De Juan Romero
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Miguel Hernández, Sant Joan d'Alacant, Spain
| | - Kalina Draganova
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany.,Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Stanislav Vinopal
- Laboratory for Axon Growth and Regeneration, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Kaviya Chinnappa
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany.,Instituto de Neurociencias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Miguel Hernández, Sant Joan d'Alacant, Spain
| | - Anna Gavranovic
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Tugay Karakaya
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Steininger
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Juliane Merl-Pham
- Research Unit Protein Science, Helmholtz Centre Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Regina Feederle
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Monoclonal Antibody Core Facility, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany.,SYNERGY, Excellence Cluster of Systems Neurology, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Wei Shao
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,BCMB Allied Graduate Program, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Song-Hai Shi
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,BCMB Allied Graduate Program, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stefanie M Hauck
- Research Unit Protein Science, Helmholtz Centre Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Ralf Jungmann
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany.,Department of Physics and Center for Nanoscience, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Frank Bradke
- Laboratory for Axon Growth and Regeneration, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Victor Borrell
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Miguel Hernández, Sant Joan d'Alacant, Spain
| | - Arie Geerlof
- Protein Expression and Purification Facility, Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Simone Reber
- IRI for the Life Sciences, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany.,University of Applied Sciences, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Wieland B Huttner
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Laurent Nguyen
- GIGA-Stem Cells, Molecular regulation of neurogenesis, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Magdalena Götz
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany. .,Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany. .,Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany. .,SYNERGY, Excellence Cluster of Systems Neurology, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany.
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37
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Besharat ZM, Sabato C, Po A, Gianno F, Abballe L, Napolitano M, Miele E, Giangaspero F, Vacca A, Catanzaro G, Ferretti E. Low Expression of miR-466f-3p Sustains Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition in Sonic Hedgehog Medulloblastoma Stem Cells Through Vegfa-Nrp2 Signaling Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1281. [PMID: 30483126 PMCID: PMC6240675 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
High-throughput analysis has improved the knowledge of medulloblastoma (MB), the leading cause of cancer related death in children, allowing a better comprehension of the key molecular pathways in MB pathogenesis. However, despite these advances, 30% of patients still die from the disease and survivors face severe long-term side effects. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) represent a subset of cells that not only drive tumorigenesis, but are also one of the main determinants of chemoresistance. Epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a hallmark of cancer and up to now few data is available in MB. To give insight into the role of the EMT process in maintaining the mesenchymal phenotype of CSCs, we analyzed the expression of EMT related transcripts and microRNAs in these cells. We firstly isolated CSCs from Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) MB derived from Ptch1 heterozygous mice and compared their expression level of EMT-related transcripts and microRNAs with cerebellar NSCs. We identified two molecules linked to SHH and EMT, Vegfa and its receptor Nrp2, over-expressed in SHH MB CSCs. Inhibition of Vegfa showed impairment of cell proliferation and self-renewal ability of CSCs concurrent with an increase of the expression of the EMT gene, E-cadherin, and a decrease of the EMT marker, Vimentin. Moreover, among deregulated microRNAs, we identified miR-466f-3p, a validated inhibitor of both Vegfa and Nrp2. These results allowed us to describe a new EMT molecular network, involving the down-regulation of miR-466f-3p together with the concordant up-regulation of Vegfa and Nrp2, that sustains the mesenchymal phenotype of SHH MB CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Claudia Sabato
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.,Center for Life NanoScience@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome, Italy
| | - Agnese Po
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Gianno
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Science, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Luana Abballe
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Evelina Miele
- Department of Hematology/Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Rome, Italy
| | - Felice Giangaspero
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Science, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS Neuromed, Isernia, Italy
| | - Alessandra Vacca
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Elisabetta Ferretti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS Neuromed, Isernia, Italy
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38
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Jiang Y, Yan L, Xia L, Lu X, Zhu W, Ding D, Du M, Zhang D, Wang H, Hu B. Zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 1 ( ZEB1) is required for neural differentiation of human embryonic stem cells. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:19317-19329. [PMID: 30337365 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.005498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells hold great promise for improving regenerative medicine. However, a risk for tumor formation and difficulties in generating large amounts of subtype derivatives remain the major obstacles for clinical applications of stem cells. Here, we discovered that zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) is highly expressed upon differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) into neuronal precursors. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated ZEB1 depletion did not impede neural fate commitment, but prevented hESC-derived neural precursors from differentiating into neurons, indicating that ZEB1 is required for neuronal differentiation. ZEB1 overexpression not only expedited neural differentiation and neuronal maturation, which ensured safer neural cell transplantation, but also facilitated the generation of excitatory cortical neurons, which were valuable for managing certain neurological disorders, such as Parkinson's disease (PD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Our study provides useful information on how human neural cells are generated, which may help in forming strategies for developing and improving replacement therapies for treating patients with neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Jiang
- From the State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101 and.,the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Long Yan
- From the State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101 and
| | - Longkuo Xia
- From the State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101 and.,the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Xiaoyin Lu
- From the State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101 and
| | - Wenliang Zhu
- From the State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101 and.,the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Dewen Ding
- From the State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101 and.,the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Mingxia Du
- From the State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101 and
| | - Da Zhang
- From the State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101 and
| | - Hongmei Wang
- From the State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101 and .,the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Baoyang Hu
- From the State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101 and .,the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
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39
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Leduc-Galindo D, Qvist P, Tóth AE, Fryland T, Nielsen MS, Børglum AD, Christensen JH. The effect of hypoxia on ZEB1 expression in a mimetic system of the blood-brain barrier. Microvasc Res 2018; 122:131-135. [PMID: 30144413 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier consists of a tightly sealed monolayer of endothelial cells being vital in maintaining a stable intracerebral microenvironment. The barrier is receptive to leakage upon exposure to environmental factors, like hypoxia, and its disruption has been suggested as a constituent in the pathophysiology of both neurological and psychiatric disorders. The schizophrenia associated ZEB1 gene encodes a transcription factor susceptible to transcriptional control by a hypoxia induced factor, HIF1A, known to be implicated in blood-brain barrier dysfunction. However, whether ZEB1 is also implicated in maintaining blood-brain barrier integrity upon hypoxia is unknown. Here we assessed Hif1a, Zo1 and Zeb1 mRNA expression and ZO1 protein abundancy in a mimetic system of the in vivo blood-brain barrier comprising mouse brain endothelial cells subjected to the norm- and proven hypoxic conditions. Despite that, Hif1a mRNA expression was significantly increased, clearly indicating that the oxygen-deprived environment introduced a hypoxia response in the cells, we found no hypoxia-induced changes in neither ZO1 abundancy nor in the expression of Zo1 and Zeb1 mRNA. However, independent of hypoxia status, we found that Zeb1 and Zo1 mRNA expression is highly correlated. Further studies are warranted that investigate the implication of the ZEB1/ZO1 axis in blood-brain barrier maintenance under different physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desiree Leduc-Galindo
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; iPSYCH, the Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Denmark; iSEQ, Centre for Integrative Sequencing, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Per Qvist
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; iPSYCH, the Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Denmark; iSEQ, Centre for Integrative Sequencing, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Andrea E Tóth
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Tue Fryland
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; iPSYCH, the Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Denmark; iSEQ, Centre for Integrative Sequencing, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Anders D Børglum
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; iPSYCH, the Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Denmark; iSEQ, Centre for Integrative Sequencing, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jane H Christensen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; iPSYCH, the Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Denmark; iSEQ, Centre for Integrative Sequencing, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
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40
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Bryois J, Garrett ME, Song L, Safi A, Giusti-Rodriguez P, Johnson GD, Shieh AW, Buil A, Fullard JF, Roussos P, Sklar P, Akbarian S, Haroutunian V, Stockmeier CA, Wray GA, White KP, Liu C, Reddy TE, Ashley-Koch A, Sullivan PF, Crawford GE. Evaluation of chromatin accessibility in prefrontal cortex of individuals with schizophrenia. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3121. [PMID: 30087329 PMCID: PMC6081462 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05379-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia genome-wide association studies have identified >150 regions of the genome associated with disease risk, yet there is little evidence that coding mutations contribute to this disorder. To explore the mechanism of non-coding regulatory elements in schizophrenia, we performed ATAC-seq on adult prefrontal cortex brain samples from 135 individuals with schizophrenia and 137 controls, and identified 118,152 ATAC-seq peaks. These accessible chromatin regions in the brain are highly enriched for schizophrenia SNP heritability. Accessible chromatin regions that overlap evolutionarily conserved regions exhibit an even higher heritability enrichment, indicating that sequence conservation can further refine functional risk variants. We identify few differences in chromatin accessibility between cases and controls, in contrast to thousands of age-related differential accessible chromatin regions. Altogether, we characterize chromatin accessibility in the human prefrontal cortex, the effect of schizophrenia and age on chromatin accessibility, and provide evidence that our dataset will allow for fine mapping of risk variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Bryois
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Lingyun Song
- Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Alexias Safi
- Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | | | - Graham D Johnson
- Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Annie W Shieh
- Department of Psychiatry, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Alfonso Buil
- Research Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Center Sct. Hans, Roskilde, 4000, Denmark
| | - John F Fullard
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Panos Roussos
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences and Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, 10468, USA
| | - Pamela Sklar
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Schahram Akbarian
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Vahram Haroutunian
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- MIRECC, JJ Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, 10468, USA
| | - Craig A Stockmeier
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Gregory A Wray
- Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Kevin P White
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Chunyu Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Timothy E Reddy
- Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Allison Ashley-Koch
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, NC, 27701, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Patrick F Sullivan
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17177, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7264, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7264, USA.
| | - Gregory E Crawford
- Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.
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41
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Rosmaninho P, Mükusch S, Piscopo V, Teixeira V, Raposo AA, Warta R, Bennewitz R, Tang Y, Herold-Mende C, Stifani S, Momma S, Castro DS. Zeb1 potentiates genome-wide gene transcription with Lef1 to promote glioblastoma cell invasion. EMBO J 2018; 37:e97115. [PMID: 29903919 PMCID: PMC6068449 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201797115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common and aggressive brain tumor, with a subpopulation of stem-like cells thought to mediate its recurring behavior and therapeutic resistance. The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) inducing factor Zeb1 was linked to tumor initiation, invasion, and resistance to therapy in glioblastoma, but how Zeb1 functions at molecular level and what genes it regulates remain poorly understood. Contrary to the common view that EMT factors act as transcriptional repressors, here we show that genome-wide binding of Zeb1 associates with both activation and repression of gene expression in glioblastoma stem-like cells. Transcriptional repression requires direct DNA binding of Zeb1, while indirect recruitment to regulatory regions by the Wnt pathway effector Lef1 results in gene activation, independently of Wnt signaling. Amongst glioblastoma genes activated by Zeb1 are predicted mediators of tumor cell migration and invasion, including the guanine nucleotide exchange factor Prex1, whose elevated expression is predictive of shorter glioblastoma patient survival. Prex1 promotes invasiveness of glioblastoma cells in vivo highlighting the importance of Zeb1/Lef1 gene regulatory mechanisms in gliomagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Rosmaninho
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Susanne Mükusch
- Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute), Frankfurt University Medical School, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Valerio Piscopo
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Vera Teixeira
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Alexandre Asf Raposo
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Rolf Warta
- Division of Experimental Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Romina Bennewitz
- Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute), Frankfurt University Medical School, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yeman Tang
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Christel Herold-Mende
- Division of Experimental Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefano Stifani
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Stefan Momma
- Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute), Frankfurt University Medical School, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Diogo S Castro
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
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42
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Yang S, Toledo EM, Rosmaninho P, Peng C, Uhlén P, Castro DS, Arenas E. A Zeb2-miR-200c loop controls midbrain dopaminergic neuron neurogenesis and migration. Commun Biol 2018; 1:75. [PMID: 30271956 PMCID: PMC6123725 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-018-0080-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Zeb2 is a homeodomain transcription factor that plays pleiotropic functions during embryogenesis, but its role for midbrain dopaminergic (mDA) neuron development is unknown. Here we report that Zeb2 is highly expressed in progenitor cells in the ventricular zone of the midbrain floor plate and downregulated in postmitotic neuroblasts. Functional experiments show that Zeb2 expression in the embryonic ventral midbrain is dynamically regulated by a negative feedback loop that involves miR-200c. We also find that Zeb2 overexpression reduces the levels of CXCR4, NR4A2, and PITX3 in the developing ventral midbrain in vivo, resulting in migration and mDA differentiation defects. This phenotype was recapitulated by miR-200c knockdown, suggesting that the Zeb2-miR-200c loop prevents the premature differentiation of mDA progenitors into postmitotic cells and their migration. Together, our study establishes Zeb2 and miR-200c as critical regulators that maintain the balance between mDA progenitor proliferation and neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanzheng Yang
- Laboratory for Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 9, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Enrique M Toledo
- Laboratory for Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 9, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pedro Rosmaninho
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua da Quinta Grande, 6, 2780-156, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Changgeng Peng
- Laboratory for Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 9, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Uhlén
- Laboratory for Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 9, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Diogo S Castro
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua da Quinta Grande, 6, 2780-156, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Ernest Arenas
- Laboratory for Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 9, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden.
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43
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Laumonnerie C, Solecki DJ. Regulation of Polarity Protein Levels in the Developing Central Nervous System. J Mol Biol 2018; 430:3472-3480. [PMID: 29864442 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2018.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In the course of their development from neuroepithelial cells to mature neurons, neuronal progenitors proliferate, delaminate, differentiate, migrate, and extend processes to form a complex neuronal network. In addition to supporting the morphology of the neuroepithelium and radial glia, polarity proteins contribute to the remodeling of processes and support the architectural reorganizations that result in axon extension and dendrite formation. While a good amount of evidence highlights a rheostat-like regulation by signaling events leading to local activation and/or redistribution of polarity proteins, recent studies demonstrate a new paradigm involving a switch-like regulation directly controlling the availability of polarity protein at specific stage by transcriptional regulation and/or targeted ubiquitin proteasome degradation. During the process of differentiation, most neurons will adopt a morphology with reduced polarity which suggests that polarity complex proteins are strongly repressed during key step of development. Here we review the different mechanisms that directly impact the levels of polarity complex proteins in neurons in relation to the polarization context and discuss why this transient loss of polarity is essential to understand neural development and how this knowledge could be relevant for some neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Laumonnerie
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Blvd, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - David J Solecki
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Blvd, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.
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44
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Balestrieri C, Alfarano G, Milan M, Tosi V, Prosperini E, Nicoli P, Palamidessi A, Scita G, Diaferia GR, Natoli G. Co-optation of Tandem DNA Repeats for the Maintenance of Mesenchymal Identity. Cell 2018; 173:1150-1164.e14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.03.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Abstract
With the growing recognition of the extent and prevalence of human cerebellar disorders, an understanding of developmental programs that build the mature cerebellum is necessary. In this chapter we present an overview of the basic epochs and key molecular regulators of the developmental programs of cerebellar development. These include early patterning of the cerebellar territory, the genesis of cerebellar cells from multiple spatially distinct germinal zones, and the extensive migration and coordinated cellular rearrangements that result in the formation of the exquisitely foliated and laminated mature cerebellum. This knowledge base is founded on extensive analysis of animal models, particularly mice, due in large part to the ease of genetic manipulation of this important model organism. Since cerebellar structure and function are largely conserved across species, mouse cerebellar development is highly relevant to humans and has led to important insights into the developmental pathogenesis of human cerebellar disorders. Human fetal cerebellar development remains largely undescribed; however, several human-specific developmental features are known which are relevant to human disease and underline the importance of ongoing human fetal research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parthiv Haldipur
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Derek Dang
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Kathleen J Millen
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle, WA, United States; Department of Pediatrics, Genetics Division, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.
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46
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Kasioulis I, Das RM, Storey KG. Inter-dependent apical microtubule and actin dynamics orchestrate centrosome retention and neuronal delamination. eLife 2017; 6:e26215. [PMID: 29058679 PMCID: PMC5653239 DOI: 10.7554/elife.26215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Detachment of newborn neurons from the neuroepithelium is required for correct neuronal architecture and functional circuitry. This process, also known as delamination, involves adherens-junction disassembly and acto-myosin-mediated abscission, during which the centrosome is retained while apical/ciliary membranes are shed. Cell-biological mechanisms mediating delamination are, however, poorly understood. Using live-tissue and super-resolution imaging, we uncover a centrosome-nucleated wheel-like microtubule configuration, aligned with the apical actin cable and adherens-junctions within chick and mouse neuroepithelial cells. These microtubules maintain adherens-junctions while actin maintains microtubules, adherens-junctions and apical end-foot dimensions. During neuronal delamination, acto-myosin constriction generates a tunnel-like actin-microtubule configuration through which the centrosome translocates. This movement requires inter-dependent actin and microtubule activity, and we identify drebrin as a potential coordinator of these cytoskeletal dynamics. Furthermore, centrosome compromise revealed that this organelle is required for delamination. These findings identify new cytoskeletal configurations and regulatory relationships that orchestrate neuronal delamination and may inform mechanisms underlying pathological epithelial cell detachment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Kasioulis
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life SciencesUniversity of DundeeDundeeUnited Kingdom
| | - Raman M Das
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life SciencesUniversity of DundeeDundeeUnited Kingdom
| | - Kate G Storey
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life SciencesUniversity of DundeeDundeeUnited Kingdom
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47
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Ong T, Solecki DJ. Seven in Absentia E3 Ubiquitin Ligases: Central Regulators of Neural Cell Fate and Neuronal Polarity. Front Cell Neurosci 2017; 11:322. [PMID: 29081737 PMCID: PMC5646344 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2017.00322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
During neural development, neural precursors transition from a proliferative state within their germinal niches to a migratory state as they relocate to their final laminar positions. Transitions across these states are coupled with dynamic alterations in cellular polarity. This key feature can be seen throughout the developing vertebrate brain, in which neural stem cells give rise to multipolar or unpolarized transit-amplifying progenitors. These transit-amplifying progenitors then expand to give rise to mature neuronal lineages that become polarized as they initiate radial migration to their final laminar positions. The conventional understanding of the cellular polarity regulatory program has revolved around signaling cascades and transcriptional networks. In this review, we discuss recent discoveries concerning the role of the Siah2 ubiquitin ligase in initiating neuronal polarity during cerebellar development. Given the unique features of Siah ubiquitin ligases, we highlight some of the key substrates that play important roles in cellular polarity and propose a function for the Siah ubiquitin proteasome pathway in mediating a post-translational regulatory network to control the onset of polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taren Ong
- Cancer and Developmental Biology Track, Integrated Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States.,Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - David J Solecki
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
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48
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Kalacheva NV, Eliseikina MG, Frolova LT, Dolmatov IY. Regeneration of the digestive system in the crinoid Himerometra robustipinna occurs by transdifferentiation of neurosecretory-like cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182001. [PMID: 28753616 PMCID: PMC5533335 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The structure and regeneration of the digestive system in the crinoid Himerometra robustipinna (Carpenter, 1881) were studied. The gut comprises a spiral tube forming radial lateral processes, which gives it a five-lobed shape. The digestive tube consists of three segments: esophagus, intestine, and rectum. The epithelia of these segments have different cell compositions. Regeneration of the gut after autotomy of the visceral mass progresses very rapidly. Within 6 h after autotomy, an aggregation consisting of amoebocytes, coelomic epithelial cells and juxtaligamental cells (neurosecretory neurons) forms on the inner surface of the skeletal calyx. At 12 h post-autotomy, transdifferentiation of the juxtaligamental cells starts. At 24 h post-autotomy these cells undergo a mesenchymal-epithelial-like transition, resulting in the formation of the luminal epithelium of the gut. Specialization of the intestinal epithelial cells begins on day 2 post-autotomy. At this stage animals acquire the mouth and anal opening. On day 4 post-autotomy the height of both the enterocytes and the visceral mass gradually increases. Proliferation does not play any noticeable role in gut regeneration. The immersion of animals in a 10-7 M solution of colchicine neither stopped formation of the lost structures nor caused accumulation of mitoses in tissues. Weakly EdU-labeled nuclei were observed in the gut only on day 2 post-autotomy and were not detected at later regeneration stages. Single mitotically dividing cells were recorded during the same period. It is concluded that juxtaligamental cells play a major role in gut regeneration in H. robustipinna. The main mechanisms of morphogenesis are cell migration and transdifferentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadezhda V. Kalacheva
- A.V. Zhirmunsky Institute of Marine Biology, National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia
- Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Marina G. Eliseikina
- A.V. Zhirmunsky Institute of Marine Biology, National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia
- Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Lidia T. Frolova
- A.V. Zhirmunsky Institute of Marine Biology, National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Igor Yu. Dolmatov
- A.V. Zhirmunsky Institute of Marine Biology, National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia
- Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
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49
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Kahlert UD, Joseph JV, Kruyt FAE. EMT- and MET-related processes in nonepithelial tumors: importance for disease progression, prognosis, and therapeutic opportunities. Mol Oncol 2017; 11:860-877. [PMID: 28556516 PMCID: PMC5496495 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The epithelial-to mesenchymal (EMT) process is increasingly recognized for playing a key role in the progression, dissemination, and therapy resistance of epithelial tumors. Accumulating evidence suggests that EMT inducers also lead to a gain in mesenchymal properties and promote malignancy of nonepithelial tumors. In this review, we present and discuss current findings, illustrating the importance of EMT inducers in tumors originating from nonepithelial/mesenchymal tissues, including brain tumors, hematopoietic malignancies, and sarcomas. Among these tumors, the involvement of mesenchymal transition has been most extensively investigated in glioblastoma, providing proof for cell autonomous and microenvironment-derived stimuli that provoke EMT-like processes that regulate stem cell, invasive, and immunogenic properties as well as therapy resistance. The involvement of prominent EMT transcription factor families, such as TWIST, SNAI, and ZEB, in promoting therapy resistance and tumor aggressiveness has also been reported in lymphomas, leukemias, and sarcomas. A reverse process, resembling mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET), seems particularly relevant for sarcomas, where (partial) epithelial differentiation is linked to less aggressive tumors and a better patient prognosis. Overall, a hybrid model in which more stable epithelial and mesenchymal intermediates exist likely extends to the biology of tumors originating from sources other than the epithelium. Deeper investigation and understanding of the EMT/MET machinery in nonepithelial tumors will shed light on the pathogenesis of these tumors, potentially paving the way toward the identification of clinically relevant biomarkers for prognosis and future therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulf D Kahlert
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Frank A E Kruyt
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
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50
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Avior Y, Lezmi E, Yanuka D, Benvenisty N. Modeling Developmental and Tumorigenic Aspects of Trilateral Retinoblastoma via Human Embryonic Stem Cells. Stem Cell Reports 2017; 8:1354-1365. [PMID: 28392220 PMCID: PMC5425613 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) provide a platform for studying human development and understanding mechanisms underlying diseases. Retinoblastoma-1 (RB1) is a key regulator of cell cycling, of which biallelic inactivation initiates retinoblastoma, the most common congenital intraocular malignancy. We developed a model to study the role of RB1 in early development and tumor formation by generating RB1-null hESCs using CRISPR/Cas9. RB1−/− hESCs initiated extremely large teratomas, with neural expansions similar to those of trilateral retinoblastoma tumors, in which retinoblastoma is accompanied by intracranial neural tumors. Teratoma analysis further revealed a role for the transcription factor ZEB1 in RB1-mediated ectoderm differentiation. Furthermore, RB1−/− cells displayed mitochondrial dysfunction similar to poorly differentiated retinoblastomas. Screening more than 100 chemotherapies revealed an RB1–/–-specific cell sensitivity to carboplatin, exploiting their mitochondrial dysfunction. Together, our work provides a human pluripotent cell model for retinoblastoma and sheds light on developmental and tumorigenic roles of RB1. RB1-null hESCs were generated using CRISPR/Cas9 RB1−/− hESCs generate large, neural-enriched teratomas, possibly by ZEB1 activation RB1 inactivation triggers aberrant mitochondrial abundance and function Unbiased drug screening found that carboplatin specifically targets RB1-null cells
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Affiliation(s)
- Yishai Avior
- The Azrieli Center for Stem Cells and Genetic Research, Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Givat-Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Elyad Lezmi
- The Azrieli Center for Stem Cells and Genetic Research, Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Givat-Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Dorit Yanuka
- The Azrieli Center for Stem Cells and Genetic Research, Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Givat-Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Nissim Benvenisty
- The Azrieli Center for Stem Cells and Genetic Research, Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Givat-Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel.
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