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Chien CT, Puhl H, Vogel SS, Molloy JE, Chiu W, Khan S. Hub stability in the calcium calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II. Commun Biol 2024; 7:766. [PMID: 38918547 PMCID: PMC11199487 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06423-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The calcium calmodulin protein kinase II (CaMKII) is a multi-subunit ring assembly with a central hub formed by the association domains. There is evidence for hub polymorphism between and within CaMKII isoforms, but the link between polymorphism and subunit exchange has not been resolved. Here, we present near-atomic resolution cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures revealing that hubs from the α and β isoforms, either standalone or within an β holoenzyme, coexist as 12 and 14 subunit assemblies. Single-molecule fluorescence microscopy of Venus-tagged holoenzymes detects intermediate assemblies and progressive dimer loss due to intrinsic holoenzyme lability, and holoenzyme disassembly into dimers upon mutagenesis of a conserved inter-domain contact. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations show the flexibility of 4-subunit precursors, extracted in-silico from the β hub polymorphs, encompassing the curvature of both polymorphs. The MD explains how an open hub structure also obtained from the β holoenzyme sample could be created by dimer loss and analysis of its cryo-EM dataset reveals how the gap could open further. An assembly model, considering dimer concentration dependence and strain differences between polymorphs, proposes a mechanism for intrinsic hub lability to fine-tune the stoichiometry of αβ heterooligomers for their dynamic localization within synapses in neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Ta Chien
- Department of Bioengineering, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, James H. Clark Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Henry Puhl
- Laboratory of Biophotonics and Quantum Biology, National Institutes on Alcohol, Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, 208952, USA
| | - Steven S Vogel
- Laboratory of Biophotonics and Quantum Biology, National Institutes on Alcohol, Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, 208952, USA
| | - Justin E Molloy
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- CMCB, Warwick Medical School, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Wah Chiu
- Department of Bioengineering, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, James H. Clark Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
- CryoEM and Bioimaging Division, Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Light source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA.
| | - Shahid Khan
- Molecular Biology Consortium @ Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
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2
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Sun Y, Hao M, Wu H, Zhang C, Wei D, Li S, Song Z, Tao Y. Unveiling the role of CaMKII in retinal degeneration: from biological mechanism to therapeutic strategies. Cell Biosci 2024; 14:59. [PMID: 38725013 PMCID: PMC11084033 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-024-01236-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is a family of broad substrate specificity serine (Ser)/threonine (Thr) protein kinases that play a crucial role in the Ca2+-dependent signaling pathways. Its significance as an intracellular Ca2+ sensor has garnered abundant research interest in the domain of neurodegeneration. Accumulating evidences suggest that CaMKII is implicated in the pathology of degenerative retinopathies such as diabetic retinopathy (DR), age-related macular degeneration (AMD), retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and glaucoma optic neuropathy. CaMKII can induce the aberrant proliferation of retinal blood vessels, influence the synaptic signaling, and exert dual effects on the survival of retinal ganglion cells and pigment epithelial cells. Researchers have put forth multiple therapeutic agents, encompassing small molecules, peptides, and nucleotides that possess the capability to modulate CaMKII activity. Due to its broad range isoforms and splice variants therapeutic strategies seek to inhibit specifically the CaMKII are confronted with considerable challenges. Therefore, it becomes crucial to discern the detrimental and advantageous aspects of CaMKII, thereby facilitating the development of efficacious treatment. In this review, we summarize recent research findings on the cellular and molecular biology of CaMKII, with special emphasis on its metabolic and regulatory mechanisms. We delve into the involvement of CaMKII in the retinal signal transduction pathways and discuss the correlation between CaMKII and calcium overload. Furthermore, we elaborate the therapeutic trials targeting CaMKII, and introduce recent developments in the zone of CaMKII inhibitors. These findings would enrich our knowledge of CaMKII, and shed light on the development of a therapeutic target for degenerative retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
- College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Mengyu Hao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
- College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
- College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Chengzhi Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
- College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Dong Wei
- Department of Ophthalmology, Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
- College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Siyu Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
- College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Zongming Song
- Department of Ophthalmology, Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, China.
| | - Ye Tao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, China.
- College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
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3
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Nguyen BV, Özden C, Dong K, Torres-Ocampo AP, Dziedzic N, Flaherty D, Huang J, Sankura S, Abromson NL, Tomchick DR, Chen J, Garman SC, Stratton MM. A domain-swapped CaMKII conformation facilitates linker-mediated allosteric regulation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.24.586494. [PMID: 38585726 PMCID: PMC10996533 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.24.586494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Ca2+ signaling plays a key role in physiological processes such as memory formation and cardiac function. Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is the primary kinase that responds to Ca2+ inputs in these cells. There are four CaMKII paralogs in mammals which are alternatively spliced in the variable linker region to create upwards of 70 different variants. In this study, we systematically studied different linker regions and determined that the position of charged residues within the linker region modulates the Ca2+/CaM sensitivity of the holoenzyme. We present an X-ray crystal structure of full-length CaMKIIδ that shows a domain-swapped conformation of the subunits within the dodecameric holoenzyme. In this structure, the kinase domain of one subunit is docked onto the hub domain of a different subunit, providing an additional interface within the holoenzyme. Mutations at the equatorial and lateral interfaces revealed that the kinase-hub interaction dissociates as the hub-hub interfaces are disturbed, which led alterations in the stoichiometry of CaMKII holoenzyme and Ca2+/CaM sensitivity. Molecular dynamics simulations of linker-containing domain-swapped and non-domain-swapped CaMKIIs reveal that the domain-swapped configuration facilitates an interaction between the calmodulin binding domain and the variable linker region, such that dynamic electrostatic forces between charges on these segments can modulate the equilibrium between the compact and extended conformational states of the holoenzyme. Small angle X-ray scattering data confirms that a negatively charged linker CaMKII holoenzyme adopts a more compact conformation compared to a positively charged linker. These data support a model where patches of charged linker residues interact with the calmodulin binding domain to allosterically regulate sensitivity to Ca2+/CaM. Our findings provide a new framework for understanding CaMKII structure and allosteric regulation by the variable linker region in Ca2+-sensitive cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao V. Nguyen
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
- Chemistry-Biology Interface Training Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Can Özden
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Kairong Dong
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Ana P. Torres-Ocampo
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
- Chemistry-Biology Interface Training Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Noelle Dziedzic
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
- Chemistry-Biology Interface Training Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Daniel Flaherty
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Jian Huang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Saketh Sankura
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Nikki Lyn Abromson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Diana R. Tomchick
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jianhan Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Scott C Garman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Margaret M Stratton
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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4
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Rigter PMF, de Konink C, Dunn MJ, Proietti Onori M, Humberson JB, Thomas M, Barnes C, Prada CE, Weaver KN, Ryan TD, Caluseriu O, Conway J, Calamaro E, Fong CT, Wuyts W, Meuwissen M, Hordijk E, Jonkers CN, Anderson L, Yuseinova B, Polonia S, Beysen D, Stark Z, Savva E, Poulton C, McKenzie F, Bhoj E, Bupp CP, Bézieau S, Mercier S, Blevins A, Wentzensen IM, Xia F, Rosenfeld JA, Hsieh TC, Krawitz PM, Elbracht M, Veenma DCM, Schulman H, Stratton MM, Küry S, van Woerden GM. Role of CAMK2D in neurodevelopment and associated conditions. Am J Hum Genet 2024; 111:364-382. [PMID: 38272033 PMCID: PMC10870144 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2023.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type 2 (CAMK2) family consists of four different isozymes, encoded by four different genes-CAMK2A, CAMK2B, CAMK2G, and CAMK2D-of which the first three have been associated recently with neurodevelopmental disorders. CAMK2D is one of the major CAMK2 proteins expressed in the heart and has been associated with cardiac anomalies. Although this CAMK2 isoform is also known to be one of the major CAMK2 subtypes expressed during early brain development, it has never been linked with neurodevelopmental disorders until now. Here we show that CAMK2D plays an important role in neurodevelopment not only in mice but also in humans. We identified eight individuals harboring heterozygous variants in CAMK2D who display symptoms of intellectual disability, delayed speech, behavioral problems, and dilated cardiomyopathy. The majority of the variants tested lead to a gain of function (GoF), which appears to cause both neurological problems and dilated cardiomyopathy. In contrast, loss-of-function (LoF) variants appear to induce only neurological symptoms. Together, we describe a cohort of individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders and cardiac anomalies, harboring pathogenic variants in CAMK2D, confirming an important role for the CAMK2D isozyme in both heart and brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pomme M F Rigter
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015 GD, the Netherlands; ENCORE Expertise Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015 GD, the Netherlands
| | - Charlotte de Konink
- ENCORE Expertise Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015 GD, the Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015 GD, the Netherlands
| | - Matthew J Dunn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Martina Proietti Onori
- ENCORE Expertise Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015 GD, the Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015 GD, the Netherlands
| | - Jennifer B Humberson
- Pediatric Specialty Care, University of Virginia Health, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Matthew Thomas
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia Children's, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Caitlin Barnes
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia Children's, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Carlos E Prada
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Division of Genetics, Genomics, and Metabolism, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Fundacion Cardiovascular de Colombia, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - K Nicole Weaver
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Thomas D Ryan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Oana Caluseriu
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada; Stollery Children's Hospital, Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada
| | - Jennifer Conway
- Stollery Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada
| | - Emily Calamaro
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Chin-To Fong
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Wim Wuyts
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and University Hospital of Antwerp, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Marije Meuwissen
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and University Hospital of Antwerp, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Eva Hordijk
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015 GD, the Netherlands
| | - Carsten N Jonkers
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015 GD, the Netherlands
| | - Lucas Anderson
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015 GD, the Netherlands
| | - Berfin Yuseinova
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015 GD, the Netherlands
| | - Sarah Polonia
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015 GD, the Netherlands
| | - Diane Beysen
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, University Hospital of Antwerp, 2650 Edegem, Belgium; Department of Translational Neurosciences, University of Antwerp, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Zornitza Stark
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; Australian Genomics, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Elena Savva
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Cathryn Poulton
- Genetic Services of Western Australia, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Perth, WA 6008, Australia
| | - Fiona McKenzie
- Genetic Services of Western Australia, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Perth, WA 6008, Australia; School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Bhoj
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Caleb P Bupp
- Corewell Health & Helen DeVos Children's Hospital, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Stéphane Bézieau
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, 44000 Nantes, France; Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Sandra Mercier
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, 44000 Nantes, France; Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, 44000 Nantes, France
| | | | - Ingrid M Wentzensen
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Fan Xia
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jill A Rosenfeld
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Baylor Genetics Laboratories, Houston, TX 77021, USA
| | - Tzung-Chien Hsieh
- Institute for Genomic Statistics and Bioinformatics, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Peter M Krawitz
- Institute for Genomic Statistics and Bioinformatics, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Miriam Elbracht
- Institute for Human Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Danielle C M Veenma
- ENCORE Expertise Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015 GD, the Netherlands; Sophia Children's Hospital, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015 CN, the Netherlands
| | - Howard Schulman
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Panorama Research Institute, Sunnyvale, CA 94089, USA
| | - Margaret M Stratton
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Sébastien Küry
- Corewell Health & Helen DeVos Children's Hospital, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA; Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, 44000 Nantes, France.
| | - Geeske M van Woerden
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015 GD, the Netherlands; ENCORE Expertise Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015 GD, the Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015 GD, the Netherlands.
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5
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Bolton SC, Thompson DH, Kinzer-Ursem TL. Methods optimization for the expression and purification of human calcium calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II alpha. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0285651. [PMID: 38180986 PMCID: PMC10769071 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is a complex multifunctional kinase that is highly expressed in central nervous tissues and plays a key regulatory role in the calcium signaling pathway. Despite over 30 years of recombinant expression and characterization studies, CaMKII continues to be investigated for its impact on signaling cooperativity and its ability to bind multiple substrates through its multimeric hub domain. Here we compare and optimize protocols for the generation of full-length wild-type human calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II alpha (CaMKIIα). Side-by-side comparison of expression and purification in both insect and bacterial systems shows that the insect expression method provides superior yields of the desired autoinhibited CaMKIIα holoenzymes. Utilizing baculovirus insect expression system tools, our results demonstrate a high yield method to produce homogenous, monodisperse CaMKII in its autoinhibited state suitable for biophysical analysis. Advantages and disadvantages of these two expression systems (baculovirus insect cell versus Escherichia coli expression) are discussed, as well as purification optimizations to maximize the enrichment of full-length CaMKII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott C. Bolton
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
| | - David H. Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Tamara L. Kinzer-Ursem
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
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6
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Sharma B, Koren DT, Ghosh S. Nitric oxide modulates NMDA receptor through a negative feedback mechanism and regulates the dynamical behavior of neuronal postsynaptic components. Biophys Chem 2023; 303:107114. [PMID: 37832215 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2023.107114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is known to be an important regulator of neurological processes in the central nervous system which acts directly on the presynaptic neuron and enhances the release of neurotransmitters like glutamate into the synaptic cleft. Calcium influx activates a cascade of biochemical reactions to influence the production of nitric oxide in the postsynaptic neuron. This has been modeled in the present work as a system of ordinary differential equations, to explore the dynamics of the interacting components and predict the dynamical behavior of the postsynaptic neuron. It has been hypothesized that nitric oxide modulates the NMDA receptor via a feedback mechanism and regulates the dynamic behavior of postsynaptic components. Results obtained by numerical analyses indicate that the biochemical system is stimulus-dependent and shows oscillations of calcium and other components within a limited range of concentration. Some of the parameters such as stimulus strength, extracellular calcium concentration, and rate of nitric oxide feedback are crucial for the dynamics of the components in the postsynaptic neuron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhanu Sharma
- Department of Biophysics, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India
| | | | - Subhendu Ghosh
- Department of Biophysics, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India.
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7
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Liu TT, Xu HH, Liu ZJ, Zhang HP, Zhou HT, Zhu ZX, Wang ZQ, Xue JY, Li Q, Ma Y, You HJ, Luo DL. Downregulated calmodulin expression contributes to endothelial cell impairment in diabetes. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2023; 44:2492-2503. [PMID: 37468692 PMCID: PMC10692162 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-023-01127-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction, a central hallmark of cardiovascular pathogenesis in diabetes mellitus, is characterized by impaired endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and NO bioavailability. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here in this study, we aimed to identify the role of calmodulin (CaM) in diabetic eNOS dysfunction. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells and murine endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) treated with high glucose (HG) exhibited downregulated CaM mRNA/protein and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression with impeded eNOS phosphorylation and cell migration/tube formation. These perturbations were reduplicated in CALM1-knockdown cells but prevented in CALM1-overexpressing cells. EPCs from type 2 diabetes animals behaved similarly to HG-treated normal EPCs, which could be rescued by CALM1-gene transduction. Consistently, diabetic animals displayed impaired eNOS phosphorylation, endothelium-dependent dilation, and CaM expression in the aorta, as well as deficient physical interaction of CaM and eNOS in the gastrocnemius. Local CALM1 gene delivery into a diabetic mouse ischemic hindlimb improved the blunted limb blood perfusion and gastrocnemius angiogenesis, and foot injuries. Diabetic patients showed insufficient foot microvascular autoregulation, eNOS phosphorylation, and NO production with downregulated CaM expression in the arterial endothelium, and abnormal CALM1 transcription in genome-wide sequencing analysis. Therefore, our findings demonstrated that downregulated CaM expression is responsible for endothelium dysfunction and angiogenesis impairment in diabetes, and provided a novel mechanism and target to protect against diabetic endothelial injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Tian Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases Related to Metabolic Disturbance, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Huan-Huan Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases Related to Metabolic Disturbance, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Ze-Juan Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases Related to Metabolic Disturbance, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - He-Ping Zhang
- Beijing Friendship Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100065, China
| | - Hai-Tao Zhou
- National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital, and Peaking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Zhi-Xiang Zhu
- National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital, and Peaking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases Related to Metabolic Disturbance, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Jing-Yi Xue
- Department of Pharmacology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases Related to Metabolic Disturbance, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases Related to Metabolic Disturbance, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Yi Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases Related to Metabolic Disturbance, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Hong-Jie You
- Department of Pharmacology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases Related to Metabolic Disturbance, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Da-Li Luo
- Department of Pharmacology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases Related to Metabolic Disturbance, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
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8
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Lučić I, Jiang P, Franz A, Bursztyn Y, Liu F, Plested AJR. Controlling the interaction between CaMKII and Calmodulin with a photocrosslinking unnatural amino acid. Protein Sci 2023; 32:e4798. [PMID: 37784242 PMCID: PMC10588329 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Using unnatural amino acid mutagenesis, we made a mutant of CaMKII that forms a covalent linkage to Calmodulin upon illumination by UV light. Like wild-type CaMKII, the L308BzF mutant stoichiometrically binds to Calmodulin, in a calcium-dependent manner. Using this construct, we demonstrate that Calmodulin binding to CaMKII, even under these stochiometric conditions, does not perturb the CaMKII oligomeric state. Furthermore, we were able to achieve activation of CaMKII L308BzF by UV-induced binding of Calmodulin, which, once established, is further insensitive to calcium depletion. In addition to the canonical auto-inhibitory role of the regulatory segment, inter-subunit crosslinking in the absence of CaM indicates that kinase domains and regulatory segments are substantially mobile in basal conditions. Characterization of CaMKIIL308BzF in vitro, and its expression in mammalian cells, suggests it could be a promising candidate for control of CaMKII activity in mammalian cells with light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iva Lučić
- Institute of Biology, Cellular BiophysicsHumboldt Universität zu BerlinBerlinGermany
- Leibniz Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP)BerlinGermany
| | - Pin‐Lian Jiang
- Leibniz Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP)BerlinGermany
| | - Andreas Franz
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Chemistry and BiochemistryBerlinGermany
| | - Yuval Bursztyn
- Institute of Biology, Cellular BiophysicsHumboldt Universität zu BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Fan Liu
- Leibniz Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP)BerlinGermany
- Charité‐Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Andrew J. R. Plested
- Institute of Biology, Cellular BiophysicsHumboldt Universität zu BerlinBerlinGermany
- Leibniz Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP)BerlinGermany
- NeuroCure, Charité UniversitätsmedizinBerlinGermany
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9
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Barone I, Gilette NM, Hawks-Mayer H, Handy J, Zhang KJ, Chifamba FF, Mostafa E, Johnson-Venkatesh EM, Sun Y, Gibson JM, Rotenberg A, Umemori H, Tsai PT, Lipton JO. Synaptic BMAL1 phosphorylation controls circadian hippocampal plasticity. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadj1010. [PMID: 37878694 PMCID: PMC10599629 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj1010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
The time of day strongly influences adaptive behaviors like long-term memory, but the correlating synaptic and molecular mechanisms remain unclear. The circadian clock comprises a canonical transcription-translation feedback loop (TTFL) strictly dependent on the BMAL1 transcription factor. We report that BMAL1 rhythmically localizes to hippocampal synapses in a manner dependent on its phosphorylation at Ser42 [pBMAL1(S42)]. pBMAL1(S42) regulates the autophosphorylation of synaptic CaMKIIα and circadian rhythms of CaMKIIα-dependent molecular interactions and LTP but not global rest/activity behavior. Therefore, our results suggest a model in which repurposing of the clock protein BMAL1 to synapses locally gates the circadian timing of plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Barone
- Department of Neurology and F.M. Kirby Center for Neurobiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nicole M. Gilette
- Department of Neurology and F.M. Kirby Center for Neurobiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hannah Hawks-Mayer
- Department of Neurology and F.M. Kirby Center for Neurobiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jonathan Handy
- Department of Neurology and F.M. Kirby Center for Neurobiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kevin J. Zhang
- Department of Neurology and F.M. Kirby Center for Neurobiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Fortunate F. Chifamba
- Department of Neurology and F.M. Kirby Center for Neurobiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Engie Mostafa
- Department of Neurology and F.M. Kirby Center for Neurobiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Erin M. Johnson-Venkatesh
- Department of Neurology and F.M. Kirby Center for Neurobiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Neurology and F.M. Kirby Center for Neurobiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jennifer M. Gibson
- Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience, Pediatrics, and Psychiatry, University of Texas at Southwestern, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Alexander Rotenberg
- Department of Neurology and F.M. Kirby Center for Neurobiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hisashi Umemori
- Department of Neurology and F.M. Kirby Center for Neurobiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Peter T. Tsai
- Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience, Pediatrics, and Psychiatry, University of Texas at Southwestern, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jonathan O. Lipton
- Department of Neurology and F.M. Kirby Center for Neurobiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Neurology and Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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10
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Nicoll RA, Schulman H. Synaptic memory and CaMKII. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:2877-2925. [PMID: 37290118 PMCID: PMC10642921 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00034.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) and long-term potentiation (LTP) were discovered within a decade of each other and have been inextricably intertwined ever since. However, like many marriages, it has had its up and downs. Based on the unique biochemical properties of CaMKII, it was proposed as a memory molecule before any physiological linkage was made to LTP. However, as reviewed here, the convincing linkage of CaMKII to synaptic physiology and behavior took many decades. New technologies were critical in this journey, including in vitro brain slices, mouse genetics, single-cell molecular genetics, pharmacological reagents, protein structure, and two-photon microscopy, as were new investigators attracted by the exciting challenge. This review tracks this journey and assesses the state of this marriage 40 years on. The collective literature impels us to propose a relatively simple model for synaptic memory involving the following steps that drive the process: 1) Ca2+ entry through N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors activates CaMKII. 2) CaMKII undergoes autophosphorylation resulting in constitutive, Ca2+-independent activity and exposure of a binding site for the NMDA receptor subunit GluN2B. 3) Active CaMKII translocates to the postsynaptic density (PSD) and binds to the cytoplasmic C-tail of GluN2B. 4) The CaMKII-GluN2B complex initiates a structural rearrangement of the PSD that may involve liquid-liquid phase separation. 5) This rearrangement involves the PSD-95 scaffolding protein, α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors (AMPARs), and their transmembrane AMPAR-regulatory protein (TARP) auxiliary subunits, resulting in an accumulation of AMPARs in the PSD that underlies synaptic potentiation. 6) The stability of the modified PSD is maintained by the stability of the CaMKII-GluN2B complex. 7) By a process of subunit exchange or interholoenzyme phosphorylation CaMKII maintains synaptic potentiation in the face of CaMKII protein turnover. There are many other important proteins that participate in enlargement of the synaptic spine or modulation of the steps that drive and maintain the potentiation. In this review we critically discuss the data underlying each of the steps. As will become clear, some of these steps are more firmly grounded than others, and we provide suggestions as to how the evidence supporting these steps can be strengthened or, based on the new data, be replaced. Although the journey has been a long one, the prospect of having a detailed cellular and molecular understanding of learning and memory is at hand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger A Nicoll
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Howard Schulman
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States
- Panorama Research Institute, Sunnyvale, California, United States
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11
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Lučić I, Héluin L, Jiang PL, Castro Scalise AG, Wang C, Franz A, Heyd F, Wahl MC, Liu F, Plested AJR. CaMKII autophosphorylation can occur between holoenzymes without subunit exchange. eLife 2023; 12:e86090. [PMID: 37566455 PMCID: PMC10468207 DOI: 10.7554/elife.86090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The dodecameric protein kinase CaMKII is expressed throughout the body. The alpha isoform is responsible for synaptic plasticity and participates in memory through its phosphorylation of synaptic proteins. Its elaborate subunit organization and propensity for autophosphorylation allow it to preserve neuronal plasticity across space and time. The prevailing hypothesis for the spread of CaMKII activity, involving shuffling of subunits between activated and naive holoenzymes, is broadly termed subunit exchange. In contrast to the expectations of previous work, we found little evidence for subunit exchange upon activation, and no effect of restraining subunits to their parent holoenzymes. Rather, mass photometry, crosslinking mass spectrometry, single molecule TIRF microscopy and biochemical assays identify inter-holoenzyme phosphorylation (IHP) as the mechanism for spreading phosphorylation. The transient, activity-dependent formation of groups of holoenzymes is well suited to the speed of neuronal activity. Our results place fundamental limits on the activation mechanism of this kinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iva Lučić
- Institute of Biology, Cellular Biophysics, Humboldt Universität zu BerlinBerlinGermany
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare PharmakologieBerlinGermany
| | - Léonie Héluin
- Institute of Biology, Cellular Biophysics, Humboldt Universität zu BerlinBerlinGermany
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare PharmakologieBerlinGermany
| | - Pin-Lian Jiang
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare PharmakologieBerlinGermany
| | - Alejandro G Castro Scalise
- Institute of Biology, Cellular Biophysics, Humboldt Universität zu BerlinBerlinGermany
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare PharmakologieBerlinGermany
| | - Cong Wang
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare PharmakologieBerlinGermany
| | - Andreas Franz
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Florian Heyd
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Markus C Wahl
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität BerlinBerlinGermany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Macromolecular CrystallographyBerlinGermany
| | - Fan Liu
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare PharmakologieBerlinGermany
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Andrew JR Plested
- Institute of Biology, Cellular Biophysics, Humboldt Universität zu BerlinBerlinGermany
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare PharmakologieBerlinGermany
- NeuroCure, Charité UniversitätsmedizinBerlinGermany
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12
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Saha S, Özden C, Samkutty A, Russi S, Cohen A, Stratton MM, Perry SL. Polymer-based microfluidic device for on-chip counter-diffusive crystallization and in situ X-ray crystallography at room temperature. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:2075-2090. [PMID: 36942575 PMCID: PMC10631519 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc01194h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Proteins are long chains of amino acid residues that perform a myriad of functions in living organisms, including enzymatic reactions, signalling, and maintaining structural integrity. Protein function is determined directly by the protein structure. X-ray crystallography is the primary technique for determining the 3D structure of proteins, and facilitates understanding the effects of protein structure on function. The first step towards structure determination is crystallizing the protein of interest. We have developed a centrifugally-actuated microfluidic device that incorporates the fluid handling and metering necessary for protein crystallization. Liquid handling takes advantage of surface forces to control fluid flow and enable metering, without the need for any fluidic or pump connections. Our approach requires only the simple steps of pipetting the crystallization reagents into the device followed by either spinning or shaking to set up counter-diffusive protein crystallization trials. The use of thin, UV-curable polymers with a high level of X-ray transparency allows for in situ X-ray crystallography, eliminating the manual handling of fragile protein crystals and streamlining the process of protein structure analysis. We demonstrate the utility of our device using hen egg white lysozyme as a model system, followed by the crystallization and in situ, room temperature structural analysis of the hub domain of calcium-calmodulin dependent kinase II (CaMKIIβ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarthak Saha
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
| | - Can Özden
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Alfred Samkutty
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Silvia Russi
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Aina Cohen
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Margaret M Stratton
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Sarah L Perry
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
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13
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Cai Q, Chen X, Zhu S, Nicoll RA, Zhang M. Differential roles of CaMKII isoforms in phase separation with NMDA receptors and in synaptic plasticity. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112146. [PMID: 36827181 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII) is critical for synaptic transmission and plasticity. Two major isoforms of CaMKII, CaMKIIα and CaMKIIβ, play distinct roles in synaptic transmission and long-term potentiation (LTP) with unknown mechanisms. Here, we show that the length of the unstructured linker between the kinase domain and the oligomerizing hub determines the ability of CaMKII to rescue the basal synaptic transmission and LTP defects caused by removal of both CaMKIIα and CaMKIIβ (double knockout [DKO]). Remarkably, although CaMKIIβ binds to GluN2B with a comparable affinity as CaMKIIα does, only CaMKIIα with the short linker forms robust dense clusters with GluN2B via phase separation. Lengthening the linker of CaMKIIα with unstructured "Gly-Gly-Ser" repeats impairs its phase separation with GluN2B, and the mutant enzyme cannot rescue the basal synaptic transmission and LTP defects of DKO mice. Our results suggest that the phase separation capacity of CaMKII with GluN2B is critical for its cellular functions in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qixu Cai
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Public Heath, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Xiumin Chen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Shihan Zhu
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Roger A Nicoll
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Mingjie Zhang
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.
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14
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Calcium/Calmodulin-Stimulated Protein Kinase II (CaMKII): Different Functional Outcomes from Activation, Depending on the Cellular Microenvironment. Cells 2023; 12:cells12030401. [PMID: 36766743 PMCID: PMC9913510 DOI: 10.3390/cells12030401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium/calmodulin-stimulated protein kinase II (CaMKII) is a family of broad substrate specificity serine (Ser)/threonine (Thr) protein kinases widely expressed in many tissues that is capable of mediating diverse functional responses depending on its cellular and molecular microenvironment. This review briefly summarises current knowledge on the structure and regulation of CaMKII and focuses on how the molecular environment, and interaction with binding partner proteins, can produce different populations of CaMKII in different cells, or in different subcellular locations within the same cell, and how these different populations of CaMKII can produce diverse functional responses to activation following an increase in intracellular calcium concentration. This review also explores the possibility that identifying and characterising the molecular interactions responsible for the molecular targeting of CaMKII in different cells in vivo, and identifying the sites on CaMKII and/or the binding proteins through which these interactions occur, could lead to the development of highly selective inhibitors of specific CaMKII-mediated functional responses in specific cells that would not affect CaMKII-mediated responses in other cells. This may result in the development of new pharmacological agents with therapeutic potential for many clinical conditions.
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15
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The premetazoan ancestry of the synaptic toolkit and appearance of first neurons. Essays Biochem 2022; 66:781-795. [PMID: 36205407 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20220042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neurons, especially when coupled with muscles, allow animals to interact with and navigate through their environment in ways unique to life on earth. Found in all major animal lineages except sponges and placozoans, nervous systems range widely in organization and complexity, with neurons possibly representing the most diverse cell-type. This diversity has led to much debate over the evolutionary origin of neurons as well as synapses, which allow for the directed transmission of information. The broad phylogenetic distribution of neurons and presence of many of the defining components outside of animals suggests an early origin of this cell type, potentially in the time between the first animal and the last common ancestor of extant animals. Here, we highlight the occurrence and function of key aspects of neurons outside of animals as well as recent findings from non-bilaterian animals in order to make predictions about when and how the first neuron(s) arose during animal evolution and their relationship to those found in extant lineages. With advancing technologies in single cell transcriptomics and proteomics as well as expanding functional techniques in non-bilaterian animals and the close relatives of animals, it is an exciting time to begin unraveling the complex evolutionary history of this fascinating animal cell type.
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16
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The CaMKIIα hub ligand Ph-HTBA promotes neuroprotection after focal ischemic stroke by a distinct molecular interaction. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 156:113895. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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17
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CaMKIIα as a Promising Drug Target for Ischemic Grey Matter. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12121639. [PMID: 36552099 PMCID: PMC9775128 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12121639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is a major mediator of Ca2+-dependent signaling pathways in various cell types throughout the body. Its neuronal isoform CaMKIIα (alpha) centrally integrates physiological but also pathological glutamate signals directly downstream of glutamate receptors and has thus emerged as a target for ischemic stroke. Previous studies provided evidence for the involvement of CaMKII activity in ischemic cell death by showing that CaMKII inhibition affords substantial neuroprotection. However, broad inhibition of this central kinase is challenging because various essential physiological processes like synaptic plasticity rely on intact CaMKII regulation. Thus, specific strategies for targeting CaMKII after ischemia are warranted which would ideally only interfere with pathological activity of CaMKII. This review highlights recent advances in the understanding of how ischemia affects CaMKII and how pathospecific pharmacological targeting of CaMKII signaling could be achieved. Specifically, we discuss direct targeting of CaMKII kinase activity with peptide inhibitors versus indirect targeting of the association (hub) domain of CaMKIIα with analogues of γ-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) as a potential way to achieve more specific pharmacological modulation of CaMKII activity after ischemia.
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18
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Rigter PMF, Wallaard I, Aghadavoud Jolfaei M, Kingma J, Post L, Elgersma M, Elgersma Y, van Woerden GM. Adult Camk2a gene reinstatement restores the learning and plasticity deficits of Camk2a knockout mice. iScience 2022; 25:105303. [PMID: 36304100 PMCID: PMC9593899 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
With the recent findings that mutations in the gene encoding the α-subunit of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CAMK2A) causes a neurodevelopmental disorder (NDD), it is of great therapeutic relevance to know if there exists a critical developmental time window in which CAMK2A needs to be expressed for normal brain development, or whether expression of the protein at later stages is still beneficial to restore normal functioning. To answer this question, we generated an inducible Camk2a mouse model, which allows us to express CAMK2A at any desired time. Here, we show that adult expression of CAMK2A rescues the behavioral and electrophysiological phenotypes seen in the Camk2a knock-out mice, including spatial and conditional learning and synaptic plasticity. These results suggest that CAMK2A does not play a critical irreversible role in neurodevelopment, which is of importance for future therapies to treat CAMK2A-dependent disorders. Generation of an novel mouse model to induce CAMK2A expression in adult mice Adult CAMK2A expression restores all behavior deficits seen in CAMK2A knockout mice Adult CAMK2A expression normalizes hippocampal synaptic plasticity Camk2a is the first NDD-associated gene to show full rescue upon adult reinstatement
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Affiliation(s)
- Pomme M F Rigter
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015GD Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,ENCORE Expertise Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015GD Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ilse Wallaard
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015GD Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,ENCORE Expertise Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015GD Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mehrnoush Aghadavoud Jolfaei
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015GD Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,ENCORE Expertise Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015GD Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jenina Kingma
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015GD Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Laura Post
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015GD Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Minetta Elgersma
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015GD Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,ENCORE Expertise Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015GD Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ype Elgersma
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015GD Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,ENCORE Expertise Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015GD Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Geeske M van Woerden
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015GD Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,ENCORE Expertise Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015GD Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015GD Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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19
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Tian Y, Shehata MA, Gauger SJ, Veronesi C, Hamborg L, Thiesen L, Bruus-Jensen J, Royssen JS, Leurs U, Larsen ASG, Krall J, Solbak SM, Wellendorph P, Frølund B. Exploring the NCS-382 Scaffold for CaMKIIα Modulation: Synthesis, Biochemical Pharmacology, and Biophysical Characterization of Ph-HTBA as a Novel High-Affinity Brain-Penetrant Stabilizer of the CaMKIIα Hub Domain. J Med Chem 2022; 65:15066-15084. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongsong Tian
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mohamed A. Shehata
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stine Juul Gauger
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Carolina Veronesi
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Louise Hamborg
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Louise Thiesen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper Bruus-Jensen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Johanne Schlieper Royssen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ulrike Leurs
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Sofie G. Larsen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jacob Krall
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sara M.Ø. Solbak
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Petrine Wellendorph
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bente Frølund
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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20
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Abstract
Activation of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII) plays a critical role in long-term potentiation (LTP), a long accepted cellular model for learning and memory. However, how LTP and memories survive the turnover of synaptic proteins, particularly CaMKII, remains a mystery. Here, we take advantage of the finding that constitutive Ca2+-independent CaMKII activity, acquired prior to slice preparation, provides a lasting memory trace at synapses. In slice culture, this persistent CaMKII activity, in the absence of Ca2+ stimulation, remains stable over a 2-wk period, well beyond the turnover of CaMKII protein. We propose that the nascent CaMKII protein present at 2 wk acquired its activity from preexisting active CaMKII molecules, which transferred their activity to newly synthesized CaMKII molecules and thus maintain the memory in the face of protein turnover.
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21
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Bredow M, Monaghan J. Cross-kingdom regulation of calcium- and/or calmodulin-dependent protein kinases by phospho-switches that relieve autoinhibition. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 68:102251. [PMID: 35767936 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2022.102251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Mechanisms to sense and respond to calcium have evolved in all organisms. Calmodulin is a universal calcium sensor across eukaryotes that directly binds calcium and associates with many downstream signal transducers including protein kinases. All eukaryotes encode calcium-dependent and/or calmodulin-dependent kinases, however there are distinct protein families across kingdoms. Here, we compare the activation mechanisms of calmodulin-dependent protein kinases (CaMKs), calcium- and calmodulin-dependent protein kinases (CCaMKs) and calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs), noting striking similarities regarding phosphorylation in a regulatory segment known as the autoinhibitory junction. We thus propose that conserved regulation by phosphorylation underlies the activation of calcium-responsive proteins from different kingdoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Bredow
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames IA, USA.
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22
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Khan S. Conformational spread drives the evolution of the calcium-calmodulin protein kinase II. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8499. [PMID: 35589775 PMCID: PMC9120016 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12090-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The calcium calmodulin (Ca2+/CaM) dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) decodes Ca2+ frequency oscillations. The CaMKIIα isoform is predominantly expressed in the brain and has a central role in learning. I matched residue and organismal evolution with collective motions deduced from the atomic structure of the human CaMKIIα holoenzyme to learn how its ring architecture abets function. Protein dynamic simulations showed its peripheral kinase domains (KDs) are conformationally coupled via lateral spread along the central hub. The underlying β-sheet motions in the hub or association domain (AD) were deconvolved into dynamic couplings based on mutual information. They mapped onto a coevolved residue network to partition the AD into two distinct sectors. A second, energetically stressed sector was added to ancient bacterial enzyme dimers for assembly of the ringed hub. The continued evolution of the holoenzyme after AD–KD fusion targeted the sector’s ring contacts coupled to the KD. Among isoforms, the α isoform emerged last and, it alone, mutated rapidly after the poikilotherm–homeotherm jump to match the evolution of memory. The correlation between dynamics and evolution of the CaMKII AD argues single residue substitutions fine-tune hub conformational spread. The fine-tuning could increase CaMKIIα Ca2+ frequency response range for complex learning functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahid Khan
- Molecular Biology Consortium, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA. .,SBA School of Science and Engineering, LUMS, Lahore, Pakistan. .,Laboratory of Cell Biology, NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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23
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Brown CN, Rumian NL, Tullis JE, Coultrap SJ, Bayer KU. Aβ-induced synaptic impairments require CaMKII activity that is stimulated by indirect signaling events. iScience 2022; 25:104368. [PMID: 35620430 PMCID: PMC9127195 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aβ bears homology to the CaMKII regulatory domain, and peptides derived from this domain can bind and disrupt the CaMKII holoenzyme, suggesting that Aβ could have a similar effect. Notably, Aβ impairs the synaptic CaMKII accumulation that is mediated by GluN2B binding, which requires CaMKII assembly into holoenzymes. Furthermore, this Aβ-induced impairment is prevented by CaMKII inhibitors that should also inhibit the putative direct Aβ binding. However, our study did not find any evidence for direct effects of Aβ on CaMKII: Aβ did not directly disrupt CaMKII holoenzymes, GluN2B binding, T286 autophosphorylation, or kinase activity in vitro. Most importantly, in neurons, the Aβ-induced impairment of CaMKII synaptic accumulation was prevented by an ATP-competitive CaMKII inhibitor that would not interfere with the putative direct Aβ binding. Together, our results indicate that synaptic Aβ effects are not mediated by direct binding to CaMKII, but instead require CaMKII activation via indirect signaling events. Aβ and the CaMKII regulatory domain share a region of homology Suppression of CaMKII movement in neurons by Aβ requires CaMKII activity Aβ does not directly affect CaMKII activity, T286 phosphorylation, or GluN2B binding Thus, the Aβ effects on CaMKII in neurons require indirect signaling mechanisms
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24
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Giska F, Mariappan M, Bhattacharyya M, Gupta K. Deciphering the molecular organization of GET pathway chaperones through native mass spectrometry. Biophys J 2022; 121:1289-1298. [PMID: 35189106 PMCID: PMC9034188 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2022.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Get3/4/5 chaperone complex is responsible for targeting C-terminal tail-anchored membrane proteins to the endoplasmic reticulum. Despite the availability of several crystal structures of independent proteins and partial structures of subcomplexes, different models of oligomeric states and structural organization have been proposed for the protein complexes involved. Here, using native mass spectrometry (Native-MS), coupled with intact dissociation, we show that Get4/5 exclusively forms a tetramer using both Get5/5 and a novel Get4/4 dimerization interface. Addition of Get3 to this leads to a hexameric (Get3)2-(Get4)2-(Get5)2 complex with closed-ring cyclic architecture. We further validate our claims through molecular modeling and mutational abrogation of the proposed interfaces. Native-MS has become a principal tool to determine the state of oligomeric organization of proteins. The work demonstrates that for multiprotein complexes, native-MS, coupled with molecular modeling and mutational perturbation, can provide an alternative route to render a detailed view of both the oligomeric states as well as the molecular interfaces involved. This is especially useful for large multiprotein complexes with large unstructured domains that make it recalcitrant to conventional structure determination approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Giska
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Nanobiology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut
| | - Malaiyalam Mariappan
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Nanobiology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut
| | | | - Kallol Gupta
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Nanobiology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut.
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25
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Fujii H, Bito H. Deciphering Ca2+-controlled biochemical computation governing neural circuit dynamics via multiplex imaging. Neurosci Res 2022; 179:79-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2022.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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26
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Buonarati OR, Miller AP, Coultrap SJ, Bayer KU, Reichow SL. Conserved and divergent features of neuronal CaMKII holoenzyme structure, function, and high-order assembly. Cell Rep 2021; 37:110168. [PMID: 34965414 PMCID: PMC8985225 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal CaMKII holoenzymes (α and β isoforms) enable molecular signal computation underlying learning and memory but also mediate excitotoxic neuronal death. Here, we provide a comparative analysis of these signaling devices, using single-particle electron microscopy (EM) in combination with biochemical and live-cell imaging studies. In the basal state, both isoforms assemble mainly as 12-mers (but also 14-mers and even 16-mers for the β isoform). CaMKIIα and β isoforms adopt an ensemble of extended activatable states (with average radius of 12.6 versus 16.8 nm, respectively), characterized by multiple transient intra- and inter-holoenzyme interactions associated with distinct functional properties. The extended state of CaMKIIβ allows direct resolution of intra-holoenzyme kinase domain dimers. These dimers could enable cooperative activation by calmodulin, which is observed for both isoforms. High-order CaMKII clustering mediated by inter-holoenzyme kinase domain dimerization is reduced for the β isoform for both basal and excitotoxicity-induced clusters, both in vitro and in neurons. The CaMKII holoenzyme enables neuronal signal computation. In a comparative structure-function analysis of the neuronal α and β isoforms, Buonarati et al. find evidence for kinase domain dimers within the holoenzyme that enable a cooperative activation mechanism in both isoforms and inter-holoenzyme interactions that enable high-order aggregate formation under ischemic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia R Buonarati
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Adam P Miller
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | - Steven J Coultrap
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - K Ulrich Bayer
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Steve L Reichow
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, OR 97201, USA.
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27
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Tao W, Lee J, Chen X, Díaz-Alonso J, Zhou J, Pleasure S, Nicoll RA. Synaptic memory requires CaMKII. eLife 2021; 10:e60360. [PMID: 34908526 PMCID: PMC8798046 DOI: 10.7554/elife.60360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-term potentiation (LTP) is arguably the most compelling cellular model for learning and memory. While the mechanisms underlying the induction of LTP ('learning') are well understood, the maintenance of LTP ('memory') has remained contentious over the last 20 years. Here, we find that Ca2+-calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII) contributes to synaptic transmission and is required LTP maintenance. Acute inhibition of CaMKII erases LTP and transient inhibition of CaMKII enhances subsequent LTP. These findings strongly support the role of CaMKII as a molecular storage device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wucheng Tao
- Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhouChina
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Joel Lee
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Xiumin Chen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Javier Díaz-Alonso
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Samuel Pleasure
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Roger A Nicoll
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Physiology, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
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28
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Berchtold MW, Munk M, Kulej K, Porth I, Lorentzen L, Panina S, Zacharias T, Larsen MR, la Cour JM. The heart arrhythmia-linked D130G calmodulin mutation causes premature inhibitory autophosphorylation of CaMKII. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2021; 1868:119119. [PMID: 34391760 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.119119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The Ca2+/calmodulin (CaM)-dependent kinase II (CaMKII) is well known for transmitting Ca2+-signals, which leads to a multitude of physiological responses. Its functionality is believed to involve CaMKII holoenzyme dynamics where trans-autophosphorylation of the crucial phosphorylation site, T286 occurs. Phosphorylation of this site does not occur when stimulated exclusively with the arrhythmia associated D130G mutant form of CaM in vitro. Here, we present evidence that the loss-of-CaMKII function correlates with premature phosphorylation of its inhibitory phosphosite T306 in CaMKIIα and T307 in CaMKIIδ as this site was up to 20-fold more phosphorylated in the presence of D130G CaM compared to wildtype CaM. Indeed, changing this phosphosite to a non-phosphorylatable alanine reversed the inhibitory effect of D130G both in vitro and in live cell experiments. In addition, several phosphosites with so far undescribed functions directing the Ca2+-sensitivity of the CaMKII sensor were also affected by the presence of the D130G mutation implicating a role of several additional autophosphosites (besides T286 and T306/T307) so far not known to regulate CaMKII Ca2+ sensitivity. Furthermore, we show that introducing a D130G mutation in the CALM2 gene of the P19CL6 pluripotent mouse embryonic carcinoma cell line using CRISPR/Cas9 decreased the spontaneous beat frequency compared to wildtype cells when differentiated into cardiomyocytes supporting an alteration of cardiomyocyte physiology caused by this point mutation. In conclusion, our observations shed for the first time light on how the D130G CaM mutation interferes with the function of CaMKII and how it affects the beating frequency of cardiomyocyte-like cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mads Munk
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Katarzyna Kulej
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Isabel Porth
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lasse Lorentzen
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Svetlana Panina
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; MonTa Biosciences ApS, Diplomvej 381, 2800 kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Martin R Larsen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
| | - Jonas M la Cour
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; ChemoMetec A/S, Gydevang 43, 3450 Lillerød, Denmark
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29
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Edmonds KA, Jordan MR, Giedroc DP. COG0523 proteins: a functionally diverse family of transition metal-regulated G3E P-loop GTP hydrolases from bacteria to man. Metallomics 2021; 13:6327566. [PMID: 34302342 PMCID: PMC8360895 DOI: 10.1093/mtomcs/mfab046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Transition metal homeostasis ensures that cells and organisms obtain sufficient metal to meet cellular demand while dispensing with any excess so as to avoid toxicity. In bacteria, zinc restriction induces the expression of one or more Zur (zinc-uptake repressor)-regulated Cluster of Orthologous Groups (COG) COG0523 proteins. COG0523 proteins encompass a poorly understood sub-family of G3E P-loop small GTPases, others of which are known to function as metallochaperones in the maturation of cobalamin (CoII) and NiII cofactor-containing metalloenzymes. Here, we use genomic enzymology tools to functionally analyse over 80 000 sequences that are evolutionarily related to Acinetobacter baumannii ZigA (Zur-inducible GTPase), a COG0523 protein and candidate zinc metallochaperone. These sequences segregate into distinct sequence similarity network (SSN) clusters, exemplified by the ZnII-Zur-regulated and FeIII-nitrile hydratase activator CxCC (C, Cys; X, any amino acid)-containing COG0523 proteins (SSN cluster 1), NiII-UreG (clusters 2, 8), CoII-CobW (cluster 4), and NiII-HypB (cluster 5). A total of five large clusters that comprise ≈ 25% of all sequences, including cluster 3 which harbors the only structurally characterized COG0523 protein, Escherichia coli YjiA, and many uncharacterized eukaryotic COG0523 proteins. We also establish that mycobacterial-specific protein Y (Mpy) recruitment factor (Mrf), which promotes ribosome hibernation in actinomycetes under conditions of ZnII starvation, segregates into a fifth SSN cluster (cluster 17). Mrf is a COG0523 paralog that lacks all GTP-binding determinants as well as the ZnII-coordinating Cys found in CxCC-containing COG0523 proteins. On the basis of this analysis, we discuss new perspectives on the COG0523 proteins as cellular reporters of widespread nutrient stress induced by ZnII limitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A Edmonds
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405-7102, USA
| | - Matthew R Jordan
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405-7102, USA.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - David P Giedroc
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405-7102, USA.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
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30
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Zhang X, Connelly J, Levitan ES, Sun D, Wang JQ. Calcium/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase II in Cerebrovascular Diseases. Transl Stroke Res 2021; 12:513-529. [PMID: 33713030 PMCID: PMC8213567 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-021-00901-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cerebrovascular disease is the most common life-threatening and debilitating condition that often leads to stroke. The multifunctional calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is a key Ca2+ sensor and an important signaling protein in a variety of biological systems within the brain, heart, and vasculature. In the brain, past stroke-related studies have been mainly focused on the role of CaMKII in ischemic stroke in neurons and established CaMKII as a major mediator of neuronal cell death induced by glutamate excitotoxicity and oxidative stress following ischemic stroke. However, with growing understanding of the importance of neurovascular interactions in cerebrovascular diseases, there are clearly gaps in our understanding of how CaMKII functions in the complex neurovascular biological processes and its contributions to cerebrovascular diseases. Additionally, emerging evidence demonstrates novel regulatory mechanisms of CaMKII and potential roles of the less-studied CaMKII isoforms in the ischemic brain, which has sparked renewed interests in this dynamic kinase family. This review discusses past findings and emerging evidence on CaMKII in several major cerebrovascular dysfunctions including ischemic stroke, hemorrhagic stroke, and vascular dementia, focusing on the unique roles played by CaMKII in the underlying biological processes of neuronal cell death, neuroinflammation, and endothelial barrier dysfunction triggered by stroke. We also highlight exciting new findings, promising therapeutic agents, and future perspectives for CaMKII in cerebrovascular systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejing Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, E1354 BST, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jaclyn Connelly
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, E1354 BST, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Edwin S Levitan
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, E1354 BST, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Dandan Sun
- Department of Neurology, Pittsburgh Institute For Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh, 7016 Biomedical Science Tower-3, 3501 Fifth Ave., Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA.
| | - Jane Q Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, E1354 BST, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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31
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GHB analogs confer neuroprotection through specific interaction with the CaMKIIα hub domain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2108079118. [PMID: 34330837 PMCID: PMC8346900 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2108079118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
GHB is a natural brain metabolite of GABA, previously reported to be neuroprotective. However, the high-affinity binding site for GHB has remained elusive for almost 40 y. We here unveil CaMKIIα, a highly important neuronal kinase, as the long-sought-after GHB high-affinity target. Via a specific interaction within the central hub domain of CaMKIIα, GHB analogs act to stabilize the hub oligomer complex. This interaction potentially explains pronounced neuroprotective effects of GHB analogs in cultured neurons exposed to a chemical insult and in mice exposed to ischemia. The postischemic treatment effects of GHB analogs underline these compounds as selective and high-affinity potential drug candidates and CaMKIIα as a relevant pharmacological target for stroke therapy. Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II alpha subunit (CaMKIIα) is a key neuronal signaling protein and an emerging drug target. The central hub domain regulates the activity of CaMKIIα by organizing the holoenzyme complex into functional oligomers, yet pharmacological modulation of the hub domain has never been demonstrated. Here, using a combination of photoaffinity labeling and chemical proteomics, we show that compounds related to the natural substance γ-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) bind selectively to CaMKIIα. By means of a 2.2-Å x-ray crystal structure of ligand-bound CaMKIIα hub, we reveal the molecular details of the binding site deep within the hub. Furthermore, we show that binding of GHB and related analogs to this site promotes concentration-dependent increases in hub thermal stability believed to alter holoenzyme functionality. Selectively under states of pathological CaMKIIα activation, hub ligands provide a significant and sustained neuroprotection, which is both time and dose dependent. This is demonstrated in neurons exposed to excitotoxicity and in a mouse model of cerebral ischemia with the selective GHB analog, HOCPCA (3-hydroxycyclopent-1-enecarboxylic acid). Together, our results indicate a hitherto unknown mechanism for neuroprotection by a highly specific and unforeseen interaction between the CaMKIIα hub domain and small molecule brain-penetrant GHB analogs. This establishes GHB analogs as powerful tools for investigating CaMKII neuropharmacology in general and as potential therapeutic compounds for cerebral ischemia in particular.
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32
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The role of CaMKII autophosphorylation for NMDA receptor-dependent synaptic potentiation. Neuropharmacology 2021; 193:108616. [PMID: 34051268 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Potentiation of glutamatergic synaptic transmission is thought to underlie memory. The induction of this synaptic potentiation relies on activation of NMDA receptors which allows for calcium influx into the post-synapse. A key mechanistic question for the understanding of synaptic potentiation is what signaling is activated by the calcium influx. Here, I review evidences that at mature synapses the elevated calcium levels activate primarily calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII) and cause its autophophorylation. CaMKII autophosphorylation leads to calcium-independent activity of the kinase, so that kinase signaling can outlast NMDA receptor-dependent calcium influx. Prolonged CaMKII signaling induces downstream signaling for AMPA receptor trafficking into the post-synaptic density and causes structural enlargement of the synapse. Interestingly, however, CaMKII autophosphorylation does not have such an essential role in NMDA receptor-dependent synaptic potentiation in early postnatal development and in adult dentate gyrus, where neurogenesis occurs. Additionally, in old age memory-relevant NMDA receptor-dependent synaptic plasticity appears to be due to generation of multi-innervated dendritic spines, which does not require CaMKII autophosphorylation. In conclusion, CaMKII autophosphorylation has a conditional role in the induction of NMDA receptor-dependent synaptic potentiation.
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33
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Duda P, Budziak B, Rakus D. Cobalt Regulates Activation of Camk2α in Neurons by Influencing Fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase 2 Quaternary Structure and Subcellular Localization. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4800. [PMID: 33946543 PMCID: PMC8125063 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase 2 (Fbp2) is a gluconeogenic enzyme and multifunctional protein modulating mitochondrial function and synaptic plasticity via protein-protein interactions. The ability of Fbp2 to bind to its cellular partners depends on a quaternary arrangement of the protein. NAD+ and AMP stabilize an inactive T-state of Fbp2 and thus, affect these interactions. However, more subtle structural changes evoked by the binding of catalytic cations may also change the affinity of Fbp2 to its cellular partners. In this report, we demonstrate that Fbp2 interacts with Co2+, a cation which in excessive concentrations, causes pathologies of the central nervous system and which has been shown to provoke the octal-like events in hippocampal slices. We describe for the first time the kinetics of Fbp2 in the presence of Co2+, and we provide a line of evidence that Co2+ blocks the AMP-induced transition of Fbp2 to the canonical T-state triggering instead of a new, non-canonical T-state. In such a state, Fbp2 is still partially active and may interact with its binding partners e.g., Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase 2α (Camk2α). The Fbp2-Camk2α complex seems to be restricted to mitochondria membrane and it facilitates the Camk2α autoactivation and thus, synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemysław Duda
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Wrocław, 50-335 Wrocław, Poland;
| | | | - Dariusz Rakus
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Wrocław, 50-335 Wrocław, Poland;
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34
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Proietti Onori M, van Woerden GM. Role of calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase 2 in neurodevelopmental disorders. Brain Res Bull 2021; 171:209-220. [PMID: 33774142 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Neurodevelopmental disorders are a complex and heterogeneous group of neurological disorders characterized by their early-onset and estimated to affect more than 3% of children worldwide. The rapid advancement of sequencing technologies in the past years allowed the identification of hundreds of variants in several different genes causing neurodevelopmental disorders. Between those, new variants in the Calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase II (CAMK2) genes were recently linked to intellectual disability. Despite many years of research on CAMK2, this proves for the first time that this well-known and highly conserved molecule plays an important role in the human brain. In this review, we give an overview of the identified CAMK2 variants, and we speculate on potential mechanisms through which dysfunctions in CAMK2 result in neurodevelopmental disorders. Additionally, we discuss how the identification of CAMK2 variants might result in new exciting discoveries regarding the function of CAMK2 in the human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Proietti Onori
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, 3015 GD, the Netherlands; The ENCORE Expertise Center for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, 3015 GD, the Netherlands
| | - Geeske M van Woerden
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, 3015 GD, the Netherlands; The ENCORE Expertise Center for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, 3015 GD, the Netherlands.
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35
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Saneyoshi T. Reciprocal activation within a kinase effector complex: A mechanism for the persistence of molecular memory. Brain Res Bull 2021; 170:58-64. [PMID: 33556559 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Synaptic connections in neuronal circuits change in response to neuronal activity patterns. This can induce a persistent change in the efficacy of synaptic transmission, a phenomenon known as synaptic plasticity. One form of plasticity, long-term potentiation (LTP) has been extensively studied as the cellular basis of memory. In LTP, the potentiated synaptic transmission persists along with structural changes in the synapses. Many studies have sought to identify the "memory molecule" or the "molecular engram". Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is probably the most well-studied candidate for the memory molecule. However, consensus has not yet been reached on a very basic aspect: how CaMKII is regulated during LTP. Here, I propose a new model of CaMKII regulation: reciprocal activation within a kinase effector complex (RAKEC) that is made between CaMKII and its effector protein, which is mediated by a persistent interaction between CaMKII and a pseudosubstrate sequence on T-lymphoma invasion and metastasis protein 1 (Tiam1), resulting in reciprocal activation of these two molecules. Through the RAKEC mechanism, CaMKII can maintain memory as biochemical activity in a synapse-specific manner. In this review, the detailed mechanism of the RAKEC and its expansion for the maintenance of LTP is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeo Saneyoshi
- Department of Pharmacology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
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36
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Khan R, Kulasiri D, Samarasinghe S. Functional repertoire of protein kinases and phosphatases in synaptic plasticity and associated neurological disorders. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:1150-1157. [PMID: 33269764 PMCID: PMC8224123 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.300331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation and dephosphorylation are two essential and vital cellular mechanisms that regulate many receptors and enzymes through kinases and phosphatases. Ca2+- dependent kinases and phosphatases are responsible for controlling neuronal processing; balance is achieved through opposition. During molecular mechanisms of learning and memory, kinases generally modulate positively while phosphatases modulate negatively. This review outlines some of the critical physiological and structural aspects of kinases and phosphatases involved in maintaining postsynaptic structural plasticity. It also explores the link between neuronal disorders and the deregulation of phosphatases and kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raheel Khan
- Centre for Advanced Computational Solutions (C-fACS), Lincoln University; Department of Molecular Biosciences, Lincoln University, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Don Kulasiri
- Centre for Advanced Computational Solutions (C-fACS), Lincoln University; Department of Molecular Biosciences, Lincoln University, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Sandhya Samarasinghe
- Centre for Advanced Computational Solutions (C-fACS), Lincoln University, Christchurch, New Zealand
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37
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Nicole O, Pacary E. CaMKIIβ in Neuronal Development and Plasticity: An Emerging Candidate in Brain Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197272. [PMID: 33019657 PMCID: PMC7582470 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is a ubiquitous and central player in Ca2+ signaling that is best known for its functions in the brain. In particular, the α isoform of CaMKII has been the subject of intense research and it has been established as a central regulator of neuronal plasticity. In contrast, little attention has been paid to CaMKIIβ, the other predominant brain isoform that interacts directly with the actin cytoskeleton, and the functions of CaMKIIβ in this organ remain largely unexplored. However, recently, the perturbation of CaMKIIβ expression has been associated with multiple neuropsychiatric and neurodevelopmental diseases, highlighting CAMK2B as a gene of interest. Herein, after highlighting the main structural and expression differences between the α and β isoforms, we will review the specific functions of CaMKIIβ, as described so far, in neuronal development and plasticity, as well as its potential implication in brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Nicole
- CNRS, UMR5293 Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, University of Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France;
| | - Emilie Pacary
- INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, University of Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
- Correspondence:
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38
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Gao M, Mackley IGP, Mesbahi-Vasey S, Bamonte HA, Struyvenberg SA, Landolt L, Pederson NJ, Williams LI, Bahl CD, Brooks L, Amacher JF. Structural characterization and computational analysis of PDZ domains in Monosiga brevicollis. Protein Sci 2020; 29:2226-2244. [PMID: 32914530 DOI: 10.1002/pro.3947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Identification of the molecular networks that facilitated the evolution of multicellular animals from their unicellular ancestors is a fundamental problem in evolutionary cellular biology. Choanoflagellates are recognized as the closest extant nonmetazoan ancestors to animals. These unicellular eukaryotes can adopt a multicellular-like "rosette" state. Therefore, they are compelling models for the study of early multicellularity. Comparative studies revealed that a number of putative human orthologs are present in choanoflagellate genomes, suggesting that a subset of these genes were necessary for the emergence of multicellularity. However, previous work is largely based on sequence alignments alone, which does not confirm structural nor functional similarity. Here, we focus on the PDZ domain, a peptide-binding domain which plays critical roles in myriad cellular signaling networks and which underwent a gene family expansion in metazoan lineages. Using a customized sequence similarity search algorithm, we identified 178 PDZ domains in the Monosiga brevicollis proteome. This includes 11 previously unidentified sequences, which we analyzed using Rosetta and homology modeling. To assess conservation of protein structure, we solved high-resolution crystal structures of representative M. brevicollis PDZ domains that are homologous to human Dlg1 PDZ2, Dlg1 PDZ3, GIPC, and SHANK1 PDZ domains. To assess functional conservation, we calculated binding affinities for mbGIPC, mbSHANK1, mbSNX27, and mbDLG-3 PDZ domains from M. brevicollis. Overall, we find that peptide selectivity is generally conserved between these two disparate organisms, with one possible exception, mbDLG-3. Overall, our results provide novel insight into signaling pathways in a choanoflagellate model of primitive multicellularity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melody Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Western Washington University, Bellingham, Washington, USA
| | - Iain G P Mackley
- Department of Chemistry, Western Washington University, Bellingham, Washington, USA
| | - Samaneh Mesbahi-Vasey
- Institute for Protein Innovation, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Haley A Bamonte
- Department of Chemistry, Western Washington University, Bellingham, Washington, USA
| | - Sarah A Struyvenberg
- Department of Chemistry, Western Washington University, Bellingham, Washington, USA
| | - Louisa Landolt
- Department of Chemistry, Western Washington University, Bellingham, Washington, USA
| | - Nick J Pederson
- Department of Chemistry, Western Washington University, Bellingham, Washington, USA
| | - Lucy I Williams
- Department of Chemistry, Western Washington University, Bellingham, Washington, USA
| | - Christopher D Bahl
- Institute for Protein Innovation, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lionel Brooks
- Department of Biology, Western Washington University, Bellingham, Washington, USA
| | - Jeanine F Amacher
- Department of Chemistry, Western Washington University, Bellingham, Washington, USA
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39
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Karandur D, Bhattacharyya M, Xia Z, Lee YK, Muratcioglu S, McAffee D, McSpadden ED, Qiu B, Groves JT, Williams ER, Kuriyan J. Breakage of the oligomeric CaMKII hub by the regulatory segment of the kinase. eLife 2020; 9:57784. [PMID: 32902386 PMCID: PMC7538161 DOI: 10.7554/elife.57784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is an oligomeric enzyme with crucial roles in neuronal signaling and cardiac function. Previously, we showed that activation of CaMKII triggers the exchange of subunits between holoenzymes, potentially increasing the spread of the active state (Stratton et al., 2014; Bhattacharyya et al., 2016). Using mass spectrometry, we show now that unphosphorylated and phosphorylated peptides derived from the CaMKII-α regulatory segment bind to the CaMKII-α hub and break it into smaller oligomers. Molecular dynamics simulations show that the regulatory segments dock spontaneously at the interface between hub subunits, trapping large fluctuations in hub structure. Single-molecule fluorescence intensity analysis of CaMKII-α expressed in mammalian cells shows that activation of CaMKII-α results in the destabilization of the holoenzyme. Our results suggest that release of the regulatory segment by activation and phosphorylation allows it to destabilize the hub, producing smaller assemblies that might reassemble to form new holoenzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepti Karandur
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States.,California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
| | - Moitrayee Bhattacharyya
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States.,California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
| | - Zijie Xia
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
| | - Young Kwang Lee
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States.,California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
| | - Serena Muratcioglu
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States.,California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
| | - Darren McAffee
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States.,California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
| | - Ethan D McSpadden
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States.,California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
| | - Baiyu Qiu
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States.,California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
| | - Jay T Groves
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States.,California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States.,Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, United States
| | - Evan R Williams
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
| | - John Kuriyan
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States.,California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States.,Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, United States
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40
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Mena EL, Jevtić P, Greber BJ, Gee CL, Lew BG, Akopian D, Nogales E, Kuriyan J, Rape M. Structural basis for dimerization quality control. Nature 2020; 586:452-456. [PMID: 32814905 PMCID: PMC8024055 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2636-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Most quality control pathways target misfolded proteins to prevent toxic aggregation and neurodegeneration 1. Dimerization quality control (DQC) further improves proteostasis by eliminating complexes of aberrant composition 2, yet how it detects incorrect subunits is still unknown. Here, we provide structural insight into target selection by SCFFBXL17, a DQC E3 ligase that ubiquitylates and helps degrade inactive heterodimers of BTB proteins, while sparing functional homodimers. We find that SCFFBXL17 disrupts aberrant BTB dimers that fail to stabilize an intermolecular β-sheet around a highly divergent β-strand of the BTB domain. Complex dissociation allows SCFFBXL17 to wrap around a single BTB domain for robust ubiquitylation. SCFFBXL17 therefore probes both shape and complementarity of BTB domains, a mechanism that is well suited to establish quality control of complex composition for recurrent interaction modules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elijah L Mena
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Predrag Jevtić
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Basil J Greber
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.,Molecular Biophysics and Integrative Bio-Imaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Christine L Gee
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Brandon G Lew
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - David Akopian
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Eva Nogales
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.,California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.,Molecular Biophysics and Integrative Bio-Imaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - John Kuriyan
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.,California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.,Molecular Biophysics and Integrative Bio-Imaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.,Department of Chemistry, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Michael Rape
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA. .,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA. .,California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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41
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Sloutsky R, Dziedzic N, Dunn MJ, Bates RM, Torres-Ocampo AP, Boopathy S, Page B, Weeks JG, Chao LH, Stratton MM. Heterogeneity in human hippocampal CaMKII transcripts reveals allosteric hub-dependent regulation. Sci Signal 2020; 13:eaaz0240. [PMID: 32694170 PMCID: PMC7654443 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aaz0240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) plays a central role in Ca2+ signaling throughout the body. In the hippocampus, CaMKII is required for learning and memory. Vertebrate genomes encode four CaMKII homologs: CaMKIIα, CaMKIIβ, CaMKIIγ, and CaMKIIδ. All CaMKIIs consist of a kinase domain, a regulatory segment, a variable linker region, and a hub domain, which is responsible for oligomerization. The four proteins differ primarily in linker length and composition because of extensive alternative splicing. Here, we report the heterogeneity of CaMKII transcripts in three complex samples of human hippocampus using deep sequencing. We showed that hippocampal cells contain a diverse collection of over 70 CaMKII transcripts from all four CaMKII-encoding genes. We characterized the Ca2+/CaM sensitivity of hippocampal CaMKII variants spanning a broad range of linker lengths and compositions. The effect of the variable linker on Ca2+/CaM sensitivity depended on the kinase and hub domains. Moreover, we revealed a previously uncharacterized role for the hub domain as an allosteric regulator of kinase activity, which may provide a pharmacological target for modulating CaMKII activity. Using small-angle x-ray scattering and single-particle cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM), we present evidence for extensive interactions between the kinase and the hub domains, even in the presence of a 30-residue linker. Together, these data suggest that Ca2+/CaM sensitivity in CaMKII is homolog dependent and includes substantial contributions from the hub domain. Our sequencing approach, combined with biochemistry, provides insights into understanding the complex pool of endogenous CaMKII splice variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Sloutsky
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Noelle Dziedzic
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Matthew J Dunn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Rachel M Bates
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Ana P Torres-Ocampo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Sivakumar Boopathy
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Brendan Page
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - John G Weeks
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Luke H Chao
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
- Department of Genetics Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Margaret M Stratton
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
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42
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Booth DS, King N. Genome editing enables reverse genetics of multicellular development in the choanoflagellate Salpingoeca rosetta. eLife 2020; 9:56193. [PMID: 32496191 PMCID: PMC7314544 DOI: 10.7554/elife.56193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In a previous study, we established a forward genetic screen to identify genes required for multicellular development in the choanoflagellate, Salpingoeca rosetta (Levin et al., 2014). Yet, the paucity of reverse genetic tools for choanoflagellates has hampered direct tests of gene function and impeded the establishment of choanoflagellates as a model for reconstructing the origin of their closest living relatives, the animals. Here we establish CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing in S. rosetta by engineering a selectable marker to enrich for edited cells. We then use genome editing to disrupt the coding sequence of a S. rosetta C-type lectin gene, rosetteless, and thereby demonstrate its necessity for multicellular rosette development. This work advances S. rosetta as a model system in which to investigate how genes identified from genetic screens and genomic surveys function in choanoflagellates and evolved as critical regulators of animal biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Booth
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
| | - Nicole King
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
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43
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Bhattacharyya M, Karandur D, Kuriyan J. Structural Insights into the Regulation of Ca 2+/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase II (CaMKII). Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2020; 12:cshperspect.a035147. [PMID: 31653643 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a035147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is a highly conserved serine/threonine kinase that is ubiquitously expressed throughout the human body. Specialized isoforms of CaMKII play key roles in neuronal and cardiac signaling. The distinctive holoenzyme architecture of CaMKII, with 12-14 kinase domains attached by flexible linkers to a central hub, poses formidable challenges for structural characterization. Nevertheless, progress in determining the structural mechanisms underlying CaMKII functions has come from studying the kinase domain and the hub separately, as well as from a recent electron microscopic investigation of the intact holoenzyme. In this review, we discuss our current understanding of the structure of CaMKII. We also discuss the intriguing finding that the CaMKII holoenzyme can undergo activation-triggered subunit exchange, a process that has implications for the potentiation and perpetuation of CaMKII activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moitrayee Bhattacharyya
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720.,California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), University of California, Berkeley, California 94720.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Deepti Karandur
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720.,California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), University of California, Berkeley, California 94720.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - John Kuriyan
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720.,California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), University of California, Berkeley, California 94720.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720.,Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720.,Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
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44
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Torres‐Ocampo AP, Özden C, Hommer A, Gardella A, Lapinskas E, Samkutty A, Esposito E, Garman SC, Stratton MM. Characterization of CaMKIIα holoenzyme stability. Protein Sci 2020; 29:1524-1534. [PMID: 32282091 PMCID: PMC7255518 DOI: 10.1002/pro.3869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Ca2+ /calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is a Ser/Thr kinase necessary for long-term memory formation and other Ca2+ -dependent signaling cascades such as fertilization. Here, we investigated the stability of CaMKIIα using a combination of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray crystallography, and mass photometry (MP). The kinase domain has a low thermal stability (apparent Tm = 36°C), which is slightly stabilized by ATP/MgCl2 binding (apparent Tm = 40°C) and significantly stabilized by regulatory segment binding (apparent Tm = 60°C). We crystallized the kinase domain of CaMKII bound to p-coumaric acid in the active site. This structure reveals solvent-exposed hydrophobic residues in the substrate-binding pocket, which are normally buried in the autoinhibited structure when the regulatory segment is present. This likely accounts for the large stabilization that we observe in DSC measurements comparing the kinase alone with the kinase plus regulatory segment. The hub domain alone is extremely stable (apparent Tm ~ 90°C), and the holoenzyme structure has multiple unfolding transitions ranging from ~60°C to 100°C. Using MP, we compared a CaMKIIα holoenzyme with different variable linker regions and determined that the dissociation of both these holoenzymes occurs at a higher concentration (is less stable) compared with the hub domain alone. We conclude that within the context of the holoenzyme structure, the kinase domain is stabilized, whereas the hub domain is destabilized. These data support a model where domains within the holoenzyme interact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana P. Torres‐Ocampo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of MassachusettsAmherstMassachusettsUSA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate ProgramUniversity of MassachusettsAmherstMassachusettsUSA
| | - Can Özden
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of MassachusettsAmherstMassachusettsUSA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate ProgramUniversity of MassachusettsAmherstMassachusettsUSA
| | - Alexandra Hommer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of MassachusettsAmherstMassachusettsUSA
| | - Anne Gardella
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of MassachusettsAmherstMassachusettsUSA
| | - Emily Lapinskas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of MassachusettsAmherstMassachusettsUSA
| | - Alfred Samkutty
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of MassachusettsAmherstMassachusettsUSA
| | | | - Scott C Garman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of MassachusettsAmherstMassachusettsUSA
| | - Margaret M Stratton
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of MassachusettsAmherstMassachusettsUSA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate ProgramUniversity of MassachusettsAmherstMassachusettsUSA
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45
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Glu 60 of α-Calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase II mediates crosstalk between the regulatory T-site and protein substrate binding region of the active site. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 685:108348. [PMID: 32198047 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Memory formation transpires to be by activation and persistent modification of synapses. A chain of biochemical events accompany synaptic activation and culminate in memory formation. These biochemical events are steered by interplay and modulation of various synaptic proteins, achieved by conformational changes and phosphorylation/dephosphorylation of these proteins. Calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) and N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) are synaptic proteins whose interactions play a pivotal role in learning and memory process. Catalytic activity of CaMKII is modulated upon its interaction with the GluN2B subunit of NMDAR. The structural basis of this interaction is not clearly understood. We have investigated the role of Glu60 of α-CaMKII, a conserved residue present in the ATP binding region of kinases, in the regulation of catalysis of CaMKII by GluN2B. Mutation of Glu60 to Gly exerts different effects on the kinetic parameters of phosphorylation of GluN2B and GluN2A, of which only GluN2B binds to the T-site of CaMKII. GluN2B induced modulation of the kinetic parameters of peptide substrate was altered in the E60G mutant. The mutation almost abolished the modulation of the apparent Km value for protein substrate. However, although kinetic parameters for ATP were altered by mutating Glu60, modulation of the apparent Km value for ATP by GluN2B seen in WT was exhibited by the E60G mutant of α-CaMKII. Hence our results posit that the communication of the T-site of CaMKII with protein substrate binding region of active site is mediated through Glu60 while the communication of the T-site with the ATP binding region is not entirely dependent on Glu60.
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46
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Rhein C, Mühle C, Lenz B, Richter-Schmidinger T, Kogias G, Boix F, Lourdusamy A, Dörfler A, Peters O, Ramirez A, Jessen F, Maier W, Hüll M, Frölich L, Teipel S, Wiltfang J, Kornhuber J, Müller CP. Association of a CAMK2A genetic variant with logical memory performance and hippocampal volume in the elderly. Brain Res Bull 2020; 161:13-20. [PMID: 32418901 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Calcium/Calmodulin-dependent kinase alpha (αCaMKII) has been shown to play an essential role in synaptic plasticity and in learning and memory in animal models. However, there is little evidence for an involvement in specific memories in humans. Here we tested the potential involvement of the αCaMKII coding gene CAMK2A in verbal logical memory in two Caucasian populations from Germany, in a sample of 209 elderly people with cognitive impairments and a sample of 142 healthy adults. The association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located within the genomic region of CAMK2A with verbal logical memory learning and retrieval from the Wechsler Memory Scale was measured and hippocampal volume was assessed by structural MRI. In the elderly people, we found the minor allele of CAMK2A intronic SNP rs919741 to predict a higher hippocampal volume and better logical memory retrieval. This association was not found in healthy adults. The present study may provide evidence for an association of a genetic variant of the CAMK2A gene specifically with retrieval of logical memory in elderly humans. This effect is possibly mediated by a higher hippocampal volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosima Rhein
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christiane Mühle
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Bernd Lenz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health (CIMH), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Tanja Richter-Schmidinger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Georgios Kogias
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Fernando Boix
- Section for Drug Abuse Research, Department of Forensic Sciences, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anbarasu Lourdusamy
- Division of Child Health, Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Arnd Dörfler
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Oliver Peters
- Department of Psychiatry, Charité-Campus Benjamin Franklin, Eschenallee 3, DE-14050 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alfredo Ramirez
- Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, 50937 Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurodegeneration and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Frank Jessen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Maier
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Hüll
- Emmendingen Center for Psychiatry, Clinic for Geriatric Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lutz Frölich
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Stefan Teipel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, University of Rostock, 18147 Rostock, Germany
| | - Jens Wiltfang
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen 37075, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Von-Siebold-Str. 3a, 37075 Goettingen, Germany; Neurosciences and Signalling Group, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian P Müller
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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Sloutsky R, Stratton MM. Functional implications of CaMKII alternative splicing. Eur J Neurosci 2020; 54:6780-6794. [PMID: 32343011 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Ca2+ /calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is known to be a crucial regulator in the post-synapse during long-term potentiation. This important protein has been the subject of many studies centered on understanding memory at the molecular, cellular, and organismic level. CaMKII is encoded by four genes in humans, all of which undergo alternative splicing at the RNA level, leading to an enormous diversity of expressed proteins. Advances in sequencing technologies have facilitated the discovery of many new CaMKII transcripts. To date, newly discovered CaMKII transcripts have been incorporated into an ambiguous naming scheme. Herein, we review the initial experiments leading to the discovery of CaMKII and its subsequent variants. We propose the adoption of a new, unambiguous naming scheme for CaMKII variants. Finally, we discuss biological implications for CaMKII splice variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Sloutsky
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Margaret M Stratton
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
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48
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Li H, Doruker P, Hu G, Bahar I. Modulation of Toroidal Proteins Dynamics in Favor of Functional Mechanisms upon Ligand Binding. Biophys J 2020; 118:1782-1794. [PMID: 32130874 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2020.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Toroidal proteins serve as molecular machines and play crucial roles in biological processes such as DNA replication and RNA transcription. Despite progress in the structural characterization of several toroidal proteins, we still lack a mechanistic understanding of the significance of their architecture, oligomerization states, and intermolecular interactions in defining their biological function. In this work, we analyze the collective dynamics of toroidal proteins with different oligomerization states, namely, dimeric and trimeric DNA sliding clamps, nucleocapsid proteins (4-, 5-, and 6-mers) and Trp RNA-binding attenuation proteins (11- and 12-mers). We observe common global modes, among which cooperative rolling stands out as a mechanism enabling DNA processivity, and clamshell motions as those underlying the opening/closure of the sliding clamps. Alterations in global dynamics due to complexation with DNA or the clamp loader are shown to assist in enhancing motions to enable robust function. The analysis provides new insights into the differentiation and enhancement of functional motions upon intersubunit and intermolecular interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongchun Li
- Center for Systems Biology, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Department of Computational and Systems Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Research Center for Computer-Aided Drug Discovery, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Pemra Doruker
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Guang Hu
- Center for Systems Biology, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Ivet Bahar
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
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49
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Structure and assembly of calcium homeostasis modulator proteins. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2020; 27:150-159. [PMID: 31988524 PMCID: PMC7015811 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-019-0369-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The biological membranes of many cell types contain large-pore channels through which a wide variety of ions and metabolites permeate. Examples include connexin, innexin and pannexin, which form gap junctions and/or bona fide cell surface channels. The most recently identified large-pore channels are the calcium homeostasis modulators (CALHMs), through which ions and ATP permeate in a voltage-dependent manner to control neuronal excitability, taste signaling and pathologies of depression and Alzheimer's disease. Despite such critical biological roles, the structures and patterns of their oligomeric assembly remain unclear. Here, we reveal the structures of two CALHMs, chicken CALHM1 and human CALHM2, by single-particle cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM), which show novel assembly of the four transmembrane helices into channels of octamers and undecamers, respectively. Furthermore, molecular dynamics simulations suggest that lipids can favorably assemble into a bilayer within the larger CALHM2 pore, but not within CALHM1, demonstrating the potential correlation between pore size, lipid accommodation and channel activity.
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50
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Pharris MC, Patel NM, VanDyk TG, Bartol TM, Sejnowski TJ, Kennedy MB, Stefan MI, Kinzer-Ursem TL. A multi-state model of the CaMKII dodecamer suggests a role for calmodulin in maintenance of autophosphorylation. PLoS Comput Biol 2019; 15:e1006941. [PMID: 31869343 PMCID: PMC6957207 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1006941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) accounts for up to 2 percent of all brain protein and is essential to memory function. CaMKII activity is known to regulate dynamic shifts in the size and signaling strength of neuronal connections, a process known as synaptic plasticity. Increasingly, computational models are used to explore synaptic plasticity and the mechanisms regulating CaMKII activity. Conventional modeling approaches may exclude biophysical detail due to the impractical number of state combinations that arise when explicitly monitoring the conformational changes, ligand binding, and phosphorylation events that occur on each of the CaMKII holoenzyme's subunits. To manage the combinatorial explosion without necessitating bias or loss in biological accuracy, we use a specialized syntax in the software MCell to create a rule-based model of a twelve-subunit CaMKII holoenzyme. Here we validate the rule-based model against previous experimental measures of CaMKII activity and investigate molecular mechanisms of CaMKII regulation. Specifically, we explore how Ca2+/CaM-binding may both stabilize CaMKII subunit activation and regulate maintenance of CaMKII autophosphorylation. Noting that Ca2+/CaM and protein phosphatases bind CaMKII at nearby or overlapping sites, we compare model scenarios in which Ca2+/CaM and protein phosphatase do or do not structurally exclude each other's binding to CaMKII. Our results suggest a functional mechanism for the so-called "CaM trapping" phenomenon, wherein Ca2+/CaM may structurally exclude phosphatase binding and thereby prolong CaMKII autophosphorylation. We conclude that structural protection of autophosphorylated CaMKII by Ca2+/CaM may be an important mechanism for regulation of synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C. Pharris
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Neal M. Patel
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Tyler G. VanDyk
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Thomas M. Bartol
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Terrence J. Sejnowski
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Institute for Neural Computation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Mary B. Kennedy
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, United States of America
| | - Melanie I. Stefan
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- EMBL-European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- ZJU-UoE Institute, Zhejiang University, Haining, China
- * E-mail: (MIS); (TLKU)
| | - Tamara L. Kinzer-Ursem
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
- * E-mail: (MIS); (TLKU)
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