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Esteban-Collado J, Fernández-Mañas M, Fernández-Moreno M, Maeso I, Corominas M, Serras F. Reactive oxygen species activate the Drosophila TNF receptor Wengen for damage-induced regeneration. EMBO J 2024:10.1038/s44318-024-00155-9. [PMID: 39020149 DOI: 10.1038/s44318-024-00155-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor receptors (TNFRs) control pleiotropic pro-inflammatory functions that range from apoptosis to cell survival. The ability to trigger a particular function will depend on the upstream cues, association with regulatory complexes, and downstream pathways. In Drosophila melanogaster, two TNFRs have been identified, Wengen (Wgn) and Grindelwald (Grnd). Although several reports associate these receptors with JNK-dependent apoptosis, it has recently been found that Wgn activates a variety of other functions. We demonstrate that Wgn is required for survival by protecting cells from apoptosis. This is mediated by dTRAF1 and results in the activation of p38 MAP kinase. Remarkably, Wgn is required for apoptosis-induced regeneration and is activated by the reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced following apoptosis. This ROS activation is exclusive for Wgn, but not for Grnd, and can occur after knocking down Eiger/TNFα. The extracellular cysteine-rich domain of Grnd is much more divergent than that of Wgn, which is more similar to TNFRs from other animals, including humans. Our results show a novel TNFR function that responds to stressors by ensuring p38-dependent regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Esteban-Collado
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mar Fernández-Mañas
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Fernández-Moreno
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute for Biodiversity Research (IRBio), Barcelona, Spain
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ignacio Maeso
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute for Biodiversity Research (IRBio), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Corominas
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Florenci Serras
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain.
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2
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Waghmare I, Gangwani K, Rai A, Singh A, Kango-Singh M. A Tumor-Specific Molecular Network Promotes Tumor Growth in Drosophila by Enforcing a Jun N-Terminal Kinase-Yorkie Feedforward Loop. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1768. [PMID: 38730720 PMCID: PMC11083887 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16091768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells expand rapidly in response to altered intercellular and signaling interactions to achieve the hallmarks of cancer. Impaired cell polarity combined with activated oncogenes is known to promote several hallmarks of cancer, e.g., activating invasion by increased activity of Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and sustained proliferative signaling by increased activity of Hippo effector Yorkie (Yki). Thus, JNK, Yki, and their downstream transcription factors have emerged as synergistic drivers of tumor growth through pro-tumor signaling and intercellular interactions like cell competition. However, little is known about the signals that converge onto JNK and Yki in tumor cells and enable tumor cells to achieve the hallmarks of cancer. Here, using mosaic models of cooperative oncogenesis (RasV12,scrib-) in Drosophila, we show that RasV12,scrib- tumor cells grow through the activation of a previously unidentified network comprising Wingless (Wg), Dronc, JNK, and Yki. We show that RasV12,scrib- cells show increased Wg, Dronc, JNK, and Yki signaling, and all these signals are required for the growth of RasV12,scrib- tumors. We report that Wg and Dronc converge onto a JNK-Yki self-reinforcing positive feedback signal-amplification loop that promotes tumor growth. We found that the Wg-Dronc-Yki-JNK molecular network is specifically activated in polarity-impaired tumor cells and not in normal cells, in which apical-basal polarity remains intact. Our findings suggest that the identification of molecular networks may provide significant insights into the key biologically meaningful changes in signaling pathways and paradoxical signals that promote tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indrayani Waghmare
- Department of Biology, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469, USA; (I.W.); (A.R.); (A.S.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA
| | - Karishma Gangwani
- Department of Biology, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469, USA; (I.W.); (A.R.); (A.S.)
- Computational Biology Department, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Arushi Rai
- Department of Biology, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469, USA; (I.W.); (A.R.); (A.S.)
| | - Amit Singh
- Department of Biology, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469, USA; (I.W.); (A.R.); (A.S.)
- Premedical Programs, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469, USA
- Integrative Science and Engineering Centre (ISE), University of Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469, USA
| | - Madhuri Kango-Singh
- Department of Biology, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469, USA; (I.W.); (A.R.); (A.S.)
- Premedical Programs, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469, USA
- Integrative Science and Engineering Centre (ISE), University of Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469, USA
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3
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Verma D, Singh A, Singh J, Mutsuddi M, Mukherjee A. Regulation of Notch signaling by non-muscle myosin II Zipper in Drosophila. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:195. [PMID: 38653877 PMCID: PMC11039529 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05142-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
The Notch pathway is an evolutionarily conserved signaling system that is intricately regulated at multiple levels and it influences different aspects of development. In an effort to identify novel components involved in Notch signaling and its regulation, we carried out protein interaction screens which identified non-muscle myosin II Zipper (Zip) as an interacting partner of Notch. Physical interaction between Notch and Zip was further validated by co-immunoprecipitation studies. Immunocytochemical analyses revealed that Notch and Zip co-localize within same cytoplasmic compartment. Different alleles of zip also showed strong genetic interactions with Notch pathway components. Downregulation of Zip resulted in wing phenotypes that were reminiscent of Notch loss-of-function phenotypes and a perturbed expression of Notch downstream targets, Cut and Deadpan. Further, synergistic interaction between Notch and Zip resulted in highly ectopic expression of these Notch targets. Activated Notch-induced tumorous phenotype of larval tissues was enhanced by over-expression of Zip. Notch-Zip synergy resulted in the activation of JNK pathway that consequently lead to MMP activation and proliferation. Taken together, our results suggest that Zip may play an important role in regulation of Notch signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipti Verma
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Ankita Singh
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Jyoti Singh
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Mousumi Mutsuddi
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Ashim Mukherjee
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India.
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4
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Bosch PS, Cho B, Axelrod JD. Flamingo participates in multiple models of cell competition. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.09.24.559197. [PMID: 37790459 PMCID: PMC10542155 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.24.559197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
The growth and survival of cells with different fitness, such as those with a proliferative advantage or a deleterious mutation, is controlled through cell competition. During development, cell competition enables healthy cells to eliminate less fit cells that could jeopardize tissue integrity, and facilitates the elimination of pre-malignant cells by healthy cells as a surveillance mechanism to prevent oncogenesis. Malignant cells also benefit from cell competition to promote their expansion. Despite its ubiquitous presence, the mechanisms governing cell competition, particularly those common to developmental competition and tumorigenesis, are poorly understood. Here, we show that in Drosophila, the planar cell polarity (PCP) protein Flamingo (Fmi) is required by winners to maintain their status during cell competition in malignant tumors to overtake healthy tissue, in early pre-malignant cells when they overproliferate among wildtype cells, in healthy cells when they later eliminate pre-malignant cells, and by supercompetitors as they compete to occupy excessive territory within wildtype tissues. "Would-be" winners that lack Fmi are unable to over-proliferate, and instead become losers. We demonstrate that the role of Fmi in cell competition is independent of PCP, and that it uses a distinct mechanism that may more closely resemble one used in other less well-defined functions of Fmi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Sanchez Bosch
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Dr., Stanford CA, 94305, USA
- These authors made equal contributions
| | - Bomsoo Cho
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Dr., Stanford CA, 94305, USA
- These authors made equal contributions
| | - Jeffrey D Axelrod
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Dr., Stanford CA, 94305, USA
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5
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Khan C, Rusan NM. Using Drosophila to uncover the role of organismal physiology and the tumor microenvironment in cancer. Trends Cancer 2024; 10:289-311. [PMID: 38350736 PMCID: PMC11008779 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2024.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Cancer metastasis causes over 90% of cancer patient fatalities. Poor prognosis is determined by tumor type, the tumor microenvironment (TME), organ-specific biology, and animal physiology. While model organisms do not fully mimic the complexity of humans, many processes can be studied efficiently owing to the ease of genetic, developmental, and cell biology studies. For decades, Drosophila has been instrumental in identifying basic mechanisms controlling tumor growth and metastasis. The ability to generate clonal populations of distinct genotypes in otherwise wild-type animals makes Drosophila a powerful system to study tumor-host interactions at the local and global scales. This review discusses advancements in tumor biology, highlighting the strength of Drosophila for modeling TMEs and systemic responses in driving tumor progression and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaitali Khan
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Nasser M Rusan
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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6
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Waghmare I, Gangwani K, Rai A, Singh A, Kango-Singh M. A Tumour-Specific Molecular Network Promotes Tumour Growth in Drosophila by Enforcing a JNK-YKI Feedforward Loop. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.18.561369. [PMID: 37904920 PMCID: PMC10614921 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.18.561369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells expand rapidly in response to altered intercellular and signalling interactions to achieve hallmarks of cancer. Impaired cell polarity combined with activated oncogenes is known to promote several hallmarks of cancer e.g., activating invasion by increased activity of Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and sustained proliferative signalling by increased activity of Hippo effector Yorkie (Yki). Thus, JNK, Yki, and their downstream transcription factors have emerged as synergistic drivers of tumour growth through pro-tumour signalling and intercellular interactions like cell-competition. However, little is known about the signals that converge onto JNK and Yki in tumour cells that enable the tumour cells to achieve hallmarks of cancer. Here, using mosaic models of cooperative oncogenesis ( Ras V12 , scrib - ) in Drosophila , we show that Ras V12 , scrib - tumour cells grow by activation of a previously unidentified network comprising Wingless (Wg), Dronc, JNK and Yki. We show that Ras V12 , scrib - cells show increased Wg, Dronc, JNK, and Yki signalling, and all of these signals are required for the growth of Ras V12 , scrib - tumours. We report that Wg and Dronc converge onto a JNK-Yki self-reinforcing positive feedback signal-amplification loop that promotes tumour growth. We found that Wg-Dronc-Yki-JNK molecular network is specifically activated in polarity-impaired tumour cells and not in normal cells where apical basal polarity is intact. Our findings suggest that identification of molecular networks may provide significant insights about the key biologically meaningful changes in signalling pathways, and paradoxical signals that promote Tumourigenesis.
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7
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Colombani J, Andersen DS. Drosophila TNF/TNFRs: At the crossroad between metabolism, immunity, and tissue homeostasis. FEBS Lett 2023; 597:2416-2432. [PMID: 37567762 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α is a highly conserved proinflammatory cytokine with important functions in immunity, tissue repair, and cellular homeostasis. Due to the simplicity of the Drosophila TNF-TNF receptor (TNFR) system and a broad genetic toolbox, the fly has played a pivotal role in deciphering the mechanisms underlying TNF-mediated physiological and pathological functions. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in our understanding of how local and systemic sources of Egr/TNF contribute to its antitumor and tumor-promoting properties, and its emerging functions in adaptive growth responses, sleep regulation, and adult tissue homeostasis. The recent annotation of TNF as an adipokine and its indisputable contribution to obesity- and cancer-associated metabolic diseases have provoked a new area of research focusing on its dual function in regulating immunity and energy homeostasis. Here, we discuss the role of TNFR signaling in coupling immune and metabolic processes and how this might be relevant in the adaption of host to environmental stresses, or, in the case of obesity, promote metabolic derangements and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Colombani
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ditte S Andersen
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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8
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Voutyraki C, Choromidis A, Meligkounaki A, Vlachopoulos NA, Theodorou V, Grammenoudi S, Athanasiadis E, Monticelli S, Giangrande A, Delidakis C, Zacharioudaki E. Growth deregulation and interaction with host hemocytes contribute to tumor progression in a Drosophila brain tumor model. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2221601120. [PMID: 37549261 PMCID: PMC10438840 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2221601120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumors constantly interact with their microenvironment. Here, we present data on a Notch-induced neural stem cell (NSC) tumor in Drosophila, which can be immortalized by serial transplantation in adult hosts. This tumor arises in the larva by virtue of the ability of Notch to suppress early differentiation-promoting factors in NSC progeny. Guided by transcriptome data, we have addressed both tumor-intrinsic and microenvironment-specific factors and how they contribute to tumor growth and host demise. The growth promoting factors Myc, Imp, and Insulin receptor in the tumor cells are important for tumor expansion and killing of the host. From the host's side, hemocytes, professional phagocytic blood cells, are found associated with tumor cells. Phagocytic receptors, like NimC1, are needed in hemocytes to enable them to capture and engulf tumor cells, restricting their growth. In addition to their protective role, hemocytes may also increase the host's morbidity by their propensity to produce damaging extracellular reactive oxygen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrysanthi Voutyraki
- Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Foundation for Research & Technology Hellas, 70013Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, 70013Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Alexandros Choromidis
- Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Foundation for Research & Technology Hellas, 70013Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, 70013Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Anastasia Meligkounaki
- Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Foundation for Research & Technology Hellas, 70013Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, 70013Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Andreas Vlachopoulos
- Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Foundation for Research & Technology Hellas, 70013Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, 70013Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Theodorou
- Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Foundation for Research & Technology Hellas, 70013Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Sofia Grammenoudi
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Biomedical Sciences Research Center Alexander Fleming, 16672Athens, Greece
| | - Emmanouil Athanasiadis
- Greek Genome Centre, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527Athens, Greece
- Medical Image and Signal Processing Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of West Attica, 12243Athens, Greece
| | - Sara Monticelli
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 67400Strasbourg, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104Strasbourg, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1258Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, 67404Strasbourg, France
| | - Angela Giangrande
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 67400Strasbourg, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104Strasbourg, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1258Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, 67404Strasbourg, France
| | - Christos Delidakis
- Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Foundation for Research & Technology Hellas, 70013Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, 70013Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Evanthia Zacharioudaki
- Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Foundation for Research & Technology Hellas, 70013Heraklion, Crete, Greece
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Markowski AR, Żbikowski A, Zabielski P, Chlabicz U, Sadowska P, Pogodzińska K, Błachnio-Zabielska AU. The Effect of Silencing the Genes Responsible for the Level of Sphingosine-1-phosphate on the Apoptosis of Colon Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087197. [PMID: 37108361 PMCID: PMC10138425 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and ceramides (Cer) are engaged in key events of signal transduction, but their involvement in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer is not conclusive. The aim of our study was to investigate how the modulation of sphingolipid metabolism through the silencing of the genes involved in the formation (SPHK1) and degradation (SGPL1) of sphingosine-1-phosphate would affect the sphingolipid profile and apoptosis of HCT-116 human colorectal cancer cells. Silencing of SPHK1 expression decreased S1P content in HCT-116 cells, which was accompanied by an elevation in sphingosine, C18:0-Cer, and C18:1-Cer, increase in the expression and activation of Caspase-3 and -9, and augmentation of apoptosis. Interestingly, silencing of SGLP1 expression increased cellular content of both the S1P and Cer (C16:0-; C18:0-; C18:1-; C20:0-; and C22:0-Cer), yet inhibited activation of Caspase-3 and upregulated protein expression of Cathepsin-D. The above findings suggest that modulation of the S1P level and S1P/Cer ratio regulates both cellular apoptosis and CRC metastasis through Cathepsin-D modulation. The cellular ratio of S1P/Cer seems to be a crucial component of the above mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam R Markowski
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Polish Red Cross Memorial Municipal Hospital, 79 Henryk Sienkiewicz Street, 15-003 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Żbikowski
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Bialystok, 2C Adam Mickiewicz Street, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Piotr Zabielski
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Bialystok, 2C Adam Mickiewicz Street, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Urszula Chlabicz
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Metabolic Disorders, Medical University of Bialystok, 2C Adam Mickiewicz Street, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Patrycja Sadowska
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Metabolic Disorders, Medical University of Bialystok, 2C Adam Mickiewicz Street, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Karolina Pogodzińska
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Metabolic Disorders, Medical University of Bialystok, 2C Adam Mickiewicz Street, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Agnieszka U Błachnio-Zabielska
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Metabolic Disorders, Medical University of Bialystok, 2C Adam Mickiewicz Street, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland
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10
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Khalili D, Kunc M, Herbrich S, Müller AM, Theopold U. Chitinase-like proteins promoting tumorigenesis through disruption of cell polarity via enlarged endosomal vesicles. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1170122. [PMID: 37188187 PMCID: PMC10175591 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1170122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Chitinase-like proteins (CLPs) are associated with tissue-remodeling and inflammation but also with several disorders, including fibrosis, atherosclerosis, allergies, and cancer. However, CLP's role in tumors is far from clear. Methods Here, we utilize Drosophila melanogaster and molecular genetics to investigate the function of CLPs (imaginal disc growth factors; Idgf's) in RasV12 dysplastic salivary glands. Results and discussion We find one of the Idgf's members, Idgf3, is transcriptionally induced in a JNK-dependent manner via a positive feedback loop mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Moreover, Idgf3 accumulates in enlarged endosomal vesicles (EnVs) that promote tumor progression by disrupting cytoskeletal organization. The process is mediated via the downstream component, aSpectrin, which localizes to the EnVs. Our data provide new insight into CLP function in tumors and identifies specific targets for tumor control.
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11
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Enomoto M, Igaki T. Cell-cell interactions that drive tumorigenesis in Drosophila. Fly (Austin) 2022; 16:367-381. [PMID: 36413374 PMCID: PMC9683056 DOI: 10.1080/19336934.2022.2148828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-cell interactions within tumour microenvironment play crucial roles in tumorigenesis. Genetic mosaic techniques available in Drosophila have provided a powerful platform to study the basic principles of tumour growth and progression via cell-cell communications. This led to the identification of oncogenic cell-cell interactions triggered by endocytic dysregulation, mitochondrial dysfunction, cell polarity defects, or Src activation in Drosophila imaginal epithelia. Such oncogenic cooperations can be caused by interactions among epithelial cells, mesenchymal cells, and immune cells. Moreover, microenvironmental factors such as nutrients, local tissue structures, and endogenous growth signalling activities critically affect tumorigenesis. Dissecting various types of oncogenic cell-cell interactions at the single-cell level in Drosophila will greatly increase our understanding of how tumours progress in living animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Enomoto
- Laboratory of Genetics, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoecho, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tatsushi Igaki
- Laboratory of Genetics, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoecho, Kyoto, Japan,CONTACT Tatsushi Igaki
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12
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Riley JS, Bock FJ. Voices from beyond the grave: The impact of apoptosis on the microenvironment. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2022; 1869:119341. [PMID: 35987283 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2022.119341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Programmed cell death, in particular apoptosis, has vital functions in every healthy organism. In a highly regulated manner cells which are no longer needed or are harmful to the organism undergo suicide. More than just the mere elimination of a cell, apoptosis is increasingly being recognized performing important roles in cellular communication with the microenvironment. These interactions with surrounding cells can have various, and sometimes competing outcomes. Apoptotic cells can promote survival, proliferation and inflammation, but depending on the context also prevent survival and inflammation. In this review, we will summarize the emerging literature on how dying cells can transfer information to their neighbours, and which outcomes this communication has for the whole tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel S Riley
- Institute of Developmental Immunology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Florian J Bock
- Department of Radiotherapy (MAASTRO), GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
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13
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Serras F. The sooner, the better: ROS, kinases and nutrients at the onset of the damage response in Drosophila. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1047823. [PMID: 36353511 PMCID: PMC9637634 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1047823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the main topics in regeneration biology is the nature of the early signals that trigger the damage response. Recent advances in Drosophila point to the MAP3 kinase Ask1 as a molecular hub that integrates several signals at the onset of regeneration. It has been discovered that reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced in damaged imaginal discs and gut epithelia will activate the MAP3 kinase Ask1. Severely damaged and apoptotic cells produce an enormous amount of ROS, which ensures their elimination by activating Ask1 and in turn the pro-apoptotic function of JNK. However, this creates an oxidative stress environment with beneficial effects that is sensed by neighboring healthy cells. This environment, in addition to the Pi3K/Akt nutrient sensing pathway, can be integrated into Ask1 to launch regeneration. Ultimately the activity of Ask1 depends on these and other inputs and modulates its signaling to achieve moderate levels of p38 and low JNK signaling and thus promote survival and regeneration. This model based on the dual function of Ask1 for early response to damage is discussed here.
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14
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Jiang H, Kimura T, Hai H, Yamamura R, Sonoshita M. Drosophila as a toolkit to tackle cancer and its metabolism. Front Oncol 2022; 12:982751. [PMID: 36091180 PMCID: PMC9458318 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.982751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most severe health problems worldwide accounting for the second leading cause of death. Studies have indicated that cancers utilize different metabolic systems as compared with normal cells to produce extra energy and substances required for their survival, which contributes to tumor formation and progression. Recently, the fruit fly Drosophila has been attracting significant attention as a whole-body model for elucidating the cancer mechanisms including metabolism. This tiny organism offers a valuable toolkit with various advantages such as high genetic conservation and similar drug response to mammals. In this review, we introduce flies modeling for cancer patient genotypes which have pinpointed novel therapeutic targets and drug candidates in the salivary gland, thyroid, colon, lung, and brain. Furthermore, we introduce fly models for metabolic diseases such as diabetes mellitus, obesity, and cachexia. Diabetes mellitus and obesity are widely acknowledged risk factors for cancer, while cachexia is a cancer-related metabolic condition. In addition, we specifically focus on two cancer metabolic alterations: the Warburg effect and redox metabolism. Indeed, flies proved useful to reveal the relationship between these metabolic changes and cancer. Such accumulating achievements indicate that Drosophila offers an efficient platform to clarify the mechanisms of cancer as a systemic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Jiang
- Division of Biomedical Oncology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Taku Kimura
- Division of Biomedical Oncology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Department of Oral Diagnosis and Medicine, Graduate school of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Han Hai
- Division of Biomedical Oncology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ryodai Yamamura
- Division of Biomedical Oncology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Global Station for Biosurfaces and Drug Discovery, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- *Correspondence: Ryodai Yamamura, ; Masahiro Sonoshita,
| | - Masahiro Sonoshita
- Division of Biomedical Oncology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Global Station for Biosurfaces and Drug Discovery, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- *Correspondence: Ryodai Yamamura, ; Masahiro Sonoshita,
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15
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Oxidative Stress Is Associated with Overgrowth in Drosophila l(3)mbt Mutant Imaginal Discs. Cells 2022; 11:cells11162542. [PMID: 36010619 PMCID: PMC9406541 DOI: 10.3390/cells11162542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The loss-of-function conditions for an l(3)malignant brain tumour (l(3)mbt) in larvae reared at 29 °C results in malignant brain tumours and hyperplastic imaginal discs. Unlike the former that have been extensively characterised, little is known about the latter. Here we report the results of a study of the hyperplastic l(3)mbt mutant wing imaginal discs. We identify the l(3)mbt wing disc tumour transcriptome and find it to include genes involved in reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism. Furthermore, we show the presence of oxidative stress in l(3)mbt hyperplastic discs, even in apoptosis-blocked conditions, but not in l(3)mbt brain tumours. We also find that chemically blocking oxidative stress in l(3)mbt wing discs reduces the incidence of wing disc overgrowths. Our results reveal the involvement of oxidative stress in l(3)mbt wing discs hyperplastic growth.
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16
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Xu DC, Wang L, Yamada KM, Baena-Lopez LA. Non-apoptotic activation of Drosophila caspase-2/9 modulates JNK signaling, the tumor microenvironment, and growth of wound-like tumors. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110718. [PMID: 35443185 PMCID: PMC9082238 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to apoptosis due to caspase deregulation is considered one of the main hallmarks of cancer. However, the discovery of novel non-apoptotic caspase functions has revealed unknown intricacies about the interplay between these enzymes and tumor progression. To investigate this biological problem, we capitalized on a Drosophila tumor model with human relevance based on the simultaneous overactivation of the EGFR and the JAK/STAT signaling pathways. Our data indicate that widespread non-apoptotic activation of initiator caspases limits JNK signaling and facilitates cell fate commitment in these tumors, thus preventing the overgrowth and exacerbation of malignant features of transformed cells. Intriguingly, caspase activity also reduces the presence of macrophage-like cells with tumor-promoting properties in the tumor microenvironment. These findings assign tumor-suppressing activities to caspases independent of apoptosis, while providing molecular details to better understand the contribution of these enzymes to tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek Cui Xu
- Cell Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-4370, USA; Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Li Wang
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Kenneth M Yamada
- Cell Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-4370, USA.
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17
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Bilder D, Ong K, Hsi TC, Adiga K, Kim J. Tumour-host interactions through the lens of Drosophila. Nat Rev Cancer 2021; 21:687-700. [PMID: 34389815 PMCID: PMC8669834 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-021-00387-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
There is a large gap between the deep understanding of mechanisms driving tumour growth and the reasons why patients ultimately die of cancer. It is now appreciated that interactions between the tumour and surrounding non-tumour (sometimes referred to as host) cells play critical roles in mortality as well as tumour progression, but much remains unknown about the underlying molecular mechanisms, especially those that act beyond the tumour microenvironment. Drosophila has a track record of high-impact discoveries about cell-autonomous growth regulation, and is well suited to now probe mysteries of tumour - host interactions. Here, we review current knowledge about how fly tumours interact with microenvironmental stroma, circulating innate immune cells and distant organs to influence disease progression. We also discuss reciprocal regulation between tumours and host physiology, with a particular focus on paraneoplasias. The fly's simplicity along with the ability to study lethality directly provide an opportunity to shed new light on how cancer actually kills.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Bilder
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - Katy Ong
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Tsai-Ching Hsi
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Kavya Adiga
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Jung Kim
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
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18
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An Open Question: Is Non-Ionizing Radiation a Tool for Controlling Apoptosis-Induced Proliferation? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011159. [PMID: 34681819 PMCID: PMC8537877 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-ionizing radiation is commonly used in the clinical setting, despite its known ability to trigger oxidative stress and apoptosis, which can lead to damage and cell death. Although induction of cell death is typically considered harmful, apoptosis can also be beneficial in the right context. For example, cell death can serve as the signal for new tissue growth, such as in apoptosis-induced proliferation. Recent data has shown that exposure to non-ionizing radiation (such as weak static magnetic fields, weak radiofrequency magnetic fields, and weak electromagnetic fields) is able to modulate proliferation, both in cell culture and in living organisms (for example during tissue regeneration). This occurs via in vivo changes in the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are canonical activators of apoptosis. This review will describe the literature that highlights the tantalizing possibility that non-ionizing radiation could be used to manipulate apoptosis-induced proliferation to either promote growth (for regenerative medicine) or inhibit it (for cancer therapies). However, as uncontrolled growth can lead to tumorigenesis, much more research into this exciting and developing area is needed in order to realize its promise.
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19
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Hounsell C, Fan Y. The Duality of Caspases in Cancer, as Told through the Fly. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8927. [PMID: 34445633 PMCID: PMC8396359 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Caspases, a family of cysteine-aspartic proteases, have an established role as critical components in the activation and initiation of apoptosis. Alongside this a variety of non-apoptotic caspase functions in proliferation, differentiation, cellular plasticity and cell migration have been reported. The activity level and context are important factors in determining caspase function. As a consequence of their critical role in apoptosis and beyond, caspases are uniquely situated to have pathological roles, including in cancer. Altered caspase function is a common trait in a variety of cancers, with apoptotic evasion defined as a "hallmark of cancer". However, the role that caspases play in cancer is much more complex, acting both to prevent and to promote tumourigenesis. This review focuses on the major findings in Drosophila on the dual role of caspases in tumourigenesis. This has major implications for cancer treatments, including chemotherapy and radiotherapy, with the activation of apoptosis being the end goal. However, such treatments may inadvertently have adverse effects on promoting tumour progression and acerbating the cancer. A comprehensive understanding of the dual role of caspases will aid in the development of successful cancer therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yun Fan
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK;
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20
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Dillard C, Reis JGT, Rusten TE. RasV12; scrib-/- Tumors: A Cooperative Oncogenesis Model Fueled by Tumor/Host Interactions. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168873. [PMID: 34445578 PMCID: PMC8396170 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The phenomenon of how oncogenes and tumor-suppressor mutations can synergize to promote tumor fitness and cancer progression can be studied in relatively simple animal model systems such as Drosophila melanogaster. Almost two decades after the landmark discovery of cooperative oncogenesis between oncogenic RasV12 and the loss of the tumor suppressor scribble in flies, this and other tumor models have provided new concepts and findings in cancer biology that has remarkable parallels and relevance to human cancer. Here we review findings using the RasV12; scrib-/- tumor model and how it has contributed to our understanding of how these initial simple genetic insults cooperate within the tumor cell to set in motion the malignant transformation program leading to tumor growth through cell growth, cell survival and proliferation, dismantling of cell-cell interactions, degradation of basement membrane and spreading to other organs. Recent findings have demonstrated that cooperativity goes beyond cell intrinsic mechanisms as the tumor interacts with the immediate cells of the microenvironment, the immune system and systemic organs to eventually facilitate malignant progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Dillard
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway;
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello, 0379 Oslo, Norway
- Correspondence: (C.D.); (T.E.R.)
| | - José Gerardo Teles Reis
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway;
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello, 0379 Oslo, Norway
| | - Tor Erik Rusten
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway;
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello, 0379 Oslo, Norway
- Correspondence: (C.D.); (T.E.R.)
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21
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Castillo Ferrer C, Berthenet K, Ichim G. Apoptosis - Fueling the oncogenic fire. FEBS J 2021; 288:4445-4463. [PMID: 33179432 PMCID: PMC8451771 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis, the most extensively studied form of programmed cell death, is essential for organismal homeostasis. Apoptotic cell death has widely been reported as a tumor suppressor mechanism. However, recent studies have shown that apoptosis exerts noncanonical functions and may paradoxically promote tumor growth and metastasis. The hijacking of apoptosis by cancer cells may arise at different levels, either via the interaction of apoptotic cells with their local or distant microenvironment, or through the abnormal pro-oncogenic roles of the main apoptosis effectors, namely caspases and mitochondria, particularly upon failed apoptosis. In this review, we highlight some of the recently described mechanisms by which apoptosis and these effectors may promote cancer aggressiveness. We believe that a better understanding of the noncanonical roles of apoptosis may be crucial for developing more efficient cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Castillo Ferrer
- Cancer Target and Experimental TherapeuticsInstitute for Advanced BiosciencesINSERM U1209CNRS UMR5309Grenoble Alpes UniversityFrance
- EPHEPSL Research UniversityParisFrance
| | - Kevin Berthenet
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL) INSERM 1052CNRS 5286LyonFrance
- Cancer Cell Death Laboratory, part of LabEx DEVweCANUniversité de LyonFrance
| | - Gabriel Ichim
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL) INSERM 1052CNRS 5286LyonFrance
- Cancer Cell Death Laboratory, part of LabEx DEVweCANUniversité de LyonFrance
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22
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Lam Wong KK, Verheyen EM. Metabolic reprogramming in cancer: mechanistic insights from Drosophila. Dis Model Mech 2021; 14:1-17. [PMID: 34240146 PMCID: PMC8277969 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.048934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells constantly reprogram their metabolism as the disease progresses. However, our understanding of the metabolic complexity of cancer remains incomplete. Extensive research in the fruit fly Drosophila has established numerous tumor models ranging from hyperplasia to neoplasia. These fly tumor models exhibit a broad range of metabolic profiles and varying nutrient sensitivity. Genetic studies show that fly tumors can use various alternative strategies, such as feedback circuits and nutrient-sensing machinery, to acquire and consolidate distinct metabolic profiles. These studies not only provide fresh insights into the causes and functional relevance of metabolic reprogramming but also identify metabolic vulnerabilities as potential targets for cancer therapy. Here, we review the conceptual advances in cancer metabolism derived from comparing and contrasting the metabolic profiles of fly tumor models, with a particular focus on the Warburg effect, mitochondrial metabolism, and the links between diet and cancer. Summary: Recent research in fruit flies has demonstrated that tumors rewire their metabolism by using diverse strategies that involve feedback regulation, nutrient sensing, intercellular or even inter-organ interactions, yielding new molecules as potential cancer markers or drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Kin Lam Wong
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A 1S6, Canada.,Centre for Cell Biology, Development and Disease, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Esther M Verheyen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A 1S6, Canada.,Centre for Cell Biology, Development and Disease, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A 1S6, Canada
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23
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Cong L, Lei MY, Liu ZQ, Liu ZF, Ma Z, Liu K, Li J, Deng Y, Liu W, Xu B. Resveratrol attenuates manganese-induced oxidative stress and neuroinflammation through SIRT1 signaling in mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 153:112283. [PMID: 34029668 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to excess levels of manganese (Mn) leads to neurotoxicity. Increasing evidence demonstrates that oxidative stress and neuroinflammation are important pathological causes of neurotoxicity. Resveratrol (Rsv), a sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) activator, plays an important role in neuroprotection. However, the molecular mechanisms of Rsv alleviating Mn-induced oxidative stress and neuroinflammation are not fully understood. To evaluate whether Rsv treatment relieves the oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in the hippocampus after Mn exposure through SIRT1 signaling, C57BL/6 adult mice were exposed to MnCl2 (200 μmol/kg), Rsv (30 mg/kg), and EX527 (5 mg/kg). Our results showed that administering MnCl2 for 6 weeks caused behavioral impairment and nerve cell injury in hippocampal tissue, which was related to oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. Activating Mn-induced JNK and inhibiting SIRT1 increased the phosphorylated and acetylated levels of NF-κB and STAT3, respectively. However, Rsv reduced the phosphorylated and acetylated levels of NF-κB and STAT3, and attenuated Mn-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines by activating SIRT1 signaling. Most importantly, EX527, a potent SIRT1 inhibitor, inactivated SIRT1, which prevented Rsv from exerting its beneficial effects. Taken together, our findings revealed that Rsv alleviated Mn-induced oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in adult mice by activating SIRT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Cong
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Address:No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang,110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Meng-Yu Lei
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Address:No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang,110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhi-Qi Liu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Address:No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang,110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhuo-Fan Liu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Address:No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang,110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhuo Ma
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Address:No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang,110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Kuan Liu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Address:No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang,110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Address:No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang,110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Yu Deng
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Address:No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang,110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Address:No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang,110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Address:No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang,110122, Liaoning, China.
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24
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Tamamouna V, Rahman MM, Petersson M, Charalambous I, Kux K, Mainor H, Bolender V, Isbilir B, Edgar BA, Pitsouli C. Remodelling of oxygen-transporting tracheoles drives intestinal regeneration and tumorigenesis in Drosophila. Nat Cell Biol 2021; 23:497-510. [PMID: 33972730 PMCID: PMC8567841 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-021-00674-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The Drosophila trachea, as the functional equivalent of mammalian blood vessels, senses hypoxia and oxygenates the body. Here, we show that the adult intestinal tracheae are dynamic and respond to enteric infection, oxidative agents and tumours with increased terminal branching. Increased tracheation is necessary for efficient damage-induced intestinal stem cell (ISC)-mediated regeneration and is sufficient to drive ISC proliferation in undamaged intestines. Gut damage or tumours induce HIF-1α (Sima in Drosophila), which stimulates tracheole branching via the FGF (Branchless (Bnl))-FGFR (Breathless (Btl)) signalling cascade. Bnl-Btl signalling is required in the intestinal epithelium and the trachea for efficient damage-induced tracheal remodelling and ISC proliferation. Chemical or Pseudomonas-generated reactive oxygen species directly affect the trachea and are necessary for branching and intestinal regeneration. Similarly, tracheole branching and the resulting increase in oxygenation are essential for intestinal tumour growth. We have identified a mechanism of tracheal-intestinal tissue communication, whereby damage and tumours induce neo-tracheogenesis in Drosophila, a process reminiscent of cancer-induced neoangiogenesis in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasilia Tamamouna
- University of Cyprus, Department of Biological Sciences, 1 Panepistimiou Avenue, 2109 Aglantzia, Cyprus
| | - M. Mahidur Rahman
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Monika Petersson
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)-Center for Molecular Biology (ZMBH), University of Heidelberg Alliance, Im Neuenheimer Feld 282, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Irini Charalambous
- University of Cyprus, Department of Biological Sciences, 1 Panepistimiou Avenue, 2109 Aglantzia, Cyprus
| | - Kristina Kux
- University of Cyprus, Department of Biological Sciences, 1 Panepistimiou Avenue, 2109 Aglantzia, Cyprus
| | - Hannah Mainor
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Verena Bolender
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)-Center for Molecular Biology (ZMBH), University of Heidelberg Alliance, Im Neuenheimer Feld 282, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Buse Isbilir
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)-Center for Molecular Biology (ZMBH), University of Heidelberg Alliance, Im Neuenheimer Feld 282, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bruce A. Edgar
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA,Corresponding authors ,
| | - Chrysoula Pitsouli
- University of Cyprus, Department of Biological Sciences, 1 Panepistimiou Avenue, 2109 Aglantzia, Cyprus,Corresponding authors ,
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25
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Ding L, Wen Y, Zhang X, Zhao F, Lv K, Shi JH, Shen S, Pan X. Transcriptional network constituted of CBP, Ku70, NOX2, and BAX prevents the cell death of necrosis, paraptosis, and apoptosis in human melanoma. Cell Death Discov 2021; 7:40. [PMID: 33637687 PMCID: PMC7910564 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00417-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
CREB-binding protein (CBP) is an acetyltransferase known to play multiple roles in the transcriptions of genes involving oxidative metabolism, cell cycle, DNA damage checkpoints, and cell death. In this study, CBP was found to positively regulate the expression of Ku70, and both CBP and Ku70 were found to negatively regulate the expression of NOX2, therefore, mitigating the intracellular ROS in human melanoma. Knocking down CBP or Ku70 induced necrotic and paraptotic cell death as indicated by high-level intracellular ROS, cytoplasmic vacuolization, and cell cycle arrest in the S phase. In addition, chromosomal condensations were also observed in the cells proceeding necrotic and paraptotic cell death, which was found to be related to the BAX-associated intrinsic pathway of apoptotic cell death, when Ku70 was decreased either by CBP depletion or by Ku70 depletion directly. Our results, therefore, supported the idea that CBP, Ku70, BAX, and NOX2 have formed a transcriptional network in the prevention of cell death of necrosis, paraptosis, and apoptosis in human melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Ding
- School of Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Yalei Wen
- School of Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- School of Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Fang Zhao
- School of Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Kenao Lv
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijin, 100081, China
| | - Jian-Hong Shi
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Shigang Shen
- School of Chemistry and environmental Science, Hebei University, Baodin, 071002, China
| | - Xuefeng Pan
- School of Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China. .,School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijin, 100081, China. .,School of Chemistry and environmental Science, Hebei University, Baodin, 071002, China.
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26
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Krautz R, Khalili D, Theopold U. Tissue-autonomous immune response regulates stress signaling during hypertrophy. eLife 2020; 9:64919. [PMID: 33377870 PMCID: PMC7880693 DOI: 10.7554/elife.64919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Postmitotic tissues are incapable of replacing damaged cells through proliferation, but need to rely on buffering mechanisms to prevent tissue disintegration. By constitutively activating the Ras/MAPK-pathway via RasV12-overexpression in the postmitotic salivary glands (SGs) of Drosophila larvae, we overrode the glands adaptability to growth signals and induced hypertrophy. The accompanied loss of tissue integrity, recognition by cellular immunity, and cell death are all buffered by blocking stress signaling through a genuine tissue-autonomous immune response. This novel, spatio-temporally tightly regulated mechanism relies on the inhibition of a feedback-loop in the JNK-pathway by the immune effector and antimicrobial peptide Drosomycin. While this interaction might allow growing SGs to cope with temporary stress, continuous Drosomycin expression in RasV12-glands favors unrestricted hypertrophy. These findings indicate the necessity to refine therapeutic approaches that stimulate immune responses by acknowledging their possible, detrimental effects in damaged or stressed tissues. Tissues and organs work hard to maintain balance in everything from taking up nutrients to controlling their growth. Ageing, wounding, sickness, and changes in the genetic code can all alter this balance, and cause the tissue or organ to lose some of its cells. Many tissues restore this loss by dividing their remaining cells to fill in the gaps. But some – like the salivary glands of fruit fly larvae – have lost this ability. Tissues like these rely on being able to sense and counteract problems as they arise so as to not lose their balance in the first place. The immune system and stress responses are crucial for this process. They trigger steps to correct the problem and interact with each other to find a common decision about the fate of the affected tissue. To better understand how the immune system and stress response work together, Krautz, Khalili and Theopold genetically manipulated cells in the salivary gland of fruit fly larvae. These modifications switched on signals that stimulate cells to keep growing, causing the salivary gland’s tissue to slowly lose its balance and trigger the stress and immune response. The experiments showed that while the stress response instructed the cells in the gland to die, a peptide released by the immune system called Drosomycin blocked this response and prevented the tissue from collapsing. The cells in the part of the gland not producing this immune peptide were consequently killed by the stress response. When all the cells in the salivary gland were forced to produce Drosomycin, none of the cells died and the whole tissue survived. But it also allowed the cells in the gland to grow uncontrollably, like a tumor, threatening the health of the entire organism. Mapping the interactions between immune and stress pathways could help to fine-tune treatments that can prevent tissue damage. Fruit flies share many genetic features and molecular pathways with humans. So, the next step towards these kinds of treatments would be to screen for similar mechanisms that block stress activation in damaged human tissues. But this research carries a warning: careless activation of the immune system to protect stressed tissues could lead to uncontrolled tissue growth, and might cause more harm than good.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Krautz
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute (MBW), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dilan Khalili
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute (MBW), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulrich Theopold
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute (MBW), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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27
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Sun G, Ding XA, Argaw Y, Guo X, Montell DJ. Akt1 and dCIZ1 promote cell survival from apoptotic caspase activation during regeneration and oncogenic overgrowth. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5726. [PMID: 33184261 PMCID: PMC7664998 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19068-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis is an ancient and evolutionarily conserved cell suicide program. During apoptosis, executioner caspase enzyme activation has been considered a point of no return. However, emerging evidence suggests that some cells can survive caspase activation following exposure to apoptosis-inducing stresses, raising questions as to the physiological significance and underlying molecular mechanisms of this unexpected phenomenon. Here, we show that, following severe tissue injury, Drosophila wing disc cells that survive executioner caspase activation contribute to tissue regeneration. Through RNAi screening, we identify akt1 and a previously uncharacterized Drosophila gene CG8108, which is homologous to the human gene CIZ1, as essential for survival from the executioner caspase activation. We also show that cells expressing activated oncogenes experience apoptotic caspase activation, and that Akt1 and dCIZ1 are required for their survival and overgrowth. Thus, survival following executioner caspase activation is a normal tissue repair mechanism usurped to promote oncogene-driven overgrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gongping Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
- Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA.
| | - Xun Austin Ding
- Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Yewubdar Argaw
- Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Xiaoran Guo
- Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Denise J Montell
- Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA.
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28
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Amcheslavsky A, Lindblad JL, Bergmann A. Transiently "Undead" Enterocytes Mediate Homeostatic Tissue Turnover in the Adult Drosophila Midgut. Cell Rep 2020; 33:108408. [PMID: 33238125 PMCID: PMC7754855 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
We reveal surprising similarities between homeostatic cell turnover in adult Drosophila midguts and "undead" apoptosis-induced compensatory proliferation (AiP) in imaginal discs. During undead AiP, immortalized cells signal for AiP, allowing its analysis. Critical for undead AiP is the Myo1D-dependent localization of the initiator caspase Dronc to the plasma membrane. Here, we show that Myo1D functions in mature enterocytes (ECs) to control mitotic activity of intestinal stem cells (ISCs). In Myo1D mutant midguts, many signaling events involved in AiP (ROS generation, hemocyte recruitment, and JNK signaling) are affected. Importantly, similar to AiP, Myo1D is required for membrane localization of Dronc in ECs. We propose that ECs destined to die transiently enter an undead-like state through Myo1D-dependent membrane localization of Dronc, which enables them to generate signals for ISC activity and their replacement. The concept of transiently "undead" cells may be relevant for other stem cell models in flies and mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alla Amcheslavsky
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Jillian L Lindblad
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Andreas Bergmann
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
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29
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Csordás G, Grawe F, Uhlirova M. Eater cooperates with Multiplexin to drive the formation of hematopoietic compartments. eLife 2020; 9:57297. [PMID: 33026342 PMCID: PMC7541089 DOI: 10.7554/elife.57297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood development in multicellular organisms relies on specific tissue microenvironments that nurture hematopoietic precursors and promote their self-renewal, proliferation, and differentiation. The mechanisms driving blood cell homing and their interactions with hematopoietic microenvironments remain poorly understood. Here, we use the Drosophila melanogaster model to reveal a pivotal role for basement membrane composition in the formation of hematopoietic compartments. We demonstrate that by modulating extracellular matrix components, the fly blood cells known as hemocytes can be relocated to tissue surfaces where they function similarly to their natural hematopoietic environment. We establish that the Collagen XV/XVIII ortholog Multiplexin in the tissue-basement membranes and the phagocytosis receptor Eater on the hemocytes physically interact and are necessary and sufficient to induce immune cell-tissue association. These results highlight the cooperation of Multiplexin and Eater as an integral part of a homing mechanism that specifies and maintains hematopoietic sites in Drosophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Csordás
- Institute for Genetics and Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ferdinand Grawe
- Institute for Genetics and Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Molecular Cell Biology, Institute I for Anatomy, University of Cologne Medical School, Cologne, Germany
| | - Mirka Uhlirova
- Institute for Genetics and Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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30
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Zhang M, Nagaosa K, Nakai Y, Yasugi T, Kushihiki M, Rahmatika D, Sato M, Shiratsuchi A, Nakanishi Y. Role for phagocytosis in the prevention of neoplastic transformation in Drosophila. Genes Cells 2020; 25:675-684. [PMID: 32865275 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Immunity is considered to be involved in the prevention of cancer. Although both humoral and cellular immune reactions may participate, underlying mechanisms have yet to be clarified. The present study was conducted to clarify this issue using a Drosophila model, in which neoplastic transformation was induced through the simultaneous inhibition of cell-cycle checkpoints and apoptosis. We first determined the location of hemocytes, blood cells of Drosophila playing a role of immune cells, in neoplasia-induced and normal larvae, but there was no significant difference between the two groups. When gene expression pattern in larval hemocytes was determined, the expression of immunity-related genes including those necessary for phagocytosis was reduced in the neoplasia model. We then asked the involvement of phagocytosis in the prevention of neoplasia examining animals where the expression of engulfment receptors instead of apoptosis was retarded. We found that the inhibition of engulfment receptor expression augmented the occurrence of neoplasia induced by a defect in cell-cycle checkpoints. This suggested a role for phagocytosis in the prevention of neoplastic transformation in Drosophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kaz Nagaosa
- Section of Food Sciences, Institute of Regional Innovation, Hirosaki University, Aomori, Japan
| | - Yuji Nakai
- Section of Food Sciences, Institute of Regional Innovation, Hirosaki University, Aomori, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Yasugi
- Mathematical Neuroscience Unit, Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Masako Kushihiki
- Section of Food Sciences, Institute of Regional Innovation, Hirosaki University, Aomori, Japan
| | - Dini Rahmatika
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Makoto Sato
- Mathematical Neuroscience Unit, Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Akiko Shiratsuchi
- Department of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Center for Medical Education, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
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31
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Alvarez-Ochoa E, Froldi F, Cheng LY. Interorgan communication in development and cancer. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2020; 10:e394. [PMID: 32852143 DOI: 10.1002/wdev.394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Studies in model organisms have demonstrated that extensive communication occurs between distant organs both during development and in diseases such as cancer. Organs communicate with each other to coordinate growth and reach the correct size, while the fate of tumor cells depend on the outcome of their interaction with the immune system and peripheral tissues. In this review, we outline recent studies in Drosophila, which have enabled an improved understanding of the complex crosstalk between organs in the context of both organismal and tumor growth. We argue that Drosophila is a powerful model organism for studying these interactions, and these studies have the potential for improving our understanding of signaling pathways and candidate factors that mediate this conserved interorgan crosstalk. This article is categorized under: Establishment of Spatial and Temporal Patterns > Regulation of Size, Proportion, and Timing Early Embryonic Development > Development to the Basic Body Plan Invertebrate Organogenesis > Flies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edel Alvarez-Ochoa
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Francesca Froldi
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Louise Y Cheng
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,The Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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32
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Murcia L, Clemente-Ruiz M, Pierre-Elies P, Royou A, Milán M. Selective Killing of RAS-Malignant Tissues by Exploiting Oncogene-Induced DNA Damage. Cell Rep 2020; 28:119-131.e4. [PMID: 31269434 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Several oncogenes induce untimely entry into S phase and alter replication timing and progression, thereby generating replicative stress, a well-known source of genomic instability and a hallmark of cancer. Using an epithelial model in Drosophila, we show that the RAS oncogene, which triggers G1/S transition, induces DNA damage and, at the same time, silences the DNA damage response pathway. RAS compromises ATR-mediated phosphorylation of the histone variant H2Av and ATR-mediated cell-cycle arrest in G2 and blocks, through ERK, Dp53-dependent induction of cell death. We found that ERK is also activated in normal tissues by an exogenous source of damage and that this activation is necessary to dampen the pro-apoptotic role of Dp53. We exploit the pro-survival role of ERK activation upon endogenous and exogenous sources of DNA damage to present evidence that its genetic or chemical inhibition can be used as a therapeutic opportunity to selectively eliminate RAS-malignant tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lada Murcia
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac, 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Clemente-Ruiz
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac, 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Anne Royou
- Institut Européen de Chimie et Biologie, 2, rue Robert Escarpit, 33607 Pessac, France
| | - Marco Milán
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac, 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain.
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33
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Diwanji N, Bergmann A. Basement membrane damage by ROS- and JNK-mediated Mmp2 activation drives macrophage recruitment to overgrown tissue. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3631. [PMID: 32686670 PMCID: PMC7371875 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17399-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are a major immune cell type infiltrating tumors and promoting tumor growth and metastasis. To elucidate the mechanism of macrophage recruitment, we utilize an overgrowth tumor model ("undead" model) in larval Drosophila imaginal discs that are attached by numerous macrophages. Here we report that changes to the microenvironment of the overgrown tissue are important for recruiting macrophages. First, we describe a correlation between generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and damage of the basement membrane (BM) in all neoplastic, but not hyperplastic, models examined. ROS and the stress kinase JNK mediate the accumulation of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (Mmp2), damaging the BM, which recruits macrophages to the tissue. We propose a model where macrophage recruitment to and activation at overgrowing tissue is a multi-step process requiring ROS- and JNK-mediated Mmp2 upregulation and BM damage. These findings have implications for understanding the role of the tumor microenvironment for macrophage activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Diwanji
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, 364 Plantation Street, LRB 419, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Andreas Bergmann
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, 364 Plantation Street, LRB 419, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.
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34
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Hamaratoglu F, Atkins M. Rounding up the Usual Suspects: Assessing Yorkie, AP-1, and Stat Coactivation in Tumorigenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4580. [PMID: 32605129 PMCID: PMC7370090 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Can hyperactivation of a few key signaling effectors be the underlying reason for the majority of epithelial cancers despite different driver mutations? Here, to address this question, we use the Drosophila model, which allows analysis of gene expression from tumors with known initiating mutations. Furthermore, its simplified signaling pathways have numerous well characterized targets we can use as pathway readouts. In Drosophila tumor models, changes in the activities of three pathways, Jun N-terminal Kinase (JNK), Janus Kinase / Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (JAK/STAT), and Hippo, mediated by AP-1 factors, Stat92E, and Yorkie, are reported frequently. We hypothesized this may indicate that these three pathways are commonly deregulated in tumors. To assess this, we mined the available transcriptomic data and evaluated the activity levels of eight pathways in various tumor models. Indeed, at least two out of our three suspects contribute to tumor development in all Drosophila cancer models assessed, despite different initiating mutations or tissues of origin. Surprisingly, we found that Notch signaling is also globally activated in all models examined. We propose that these four pathways, JNK, JAK/STAT, Hippo, and Notch, are paid special attention and assayed for systematically in existing and newly developed models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mardelle Atkins
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TX 77341, USA
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35
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Vaccaro A, Kaplan Dor Y, Nambara K, Pollina EA, Lin C, Greenberg ME, Rogulja D. Sleep Loss Can Cause Death through Accumulation of Reactive Oxygen Species in the Gut. Cell 2020; 181:1307-1328.e15. [PMID: 32502393 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.04.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The view that sleep is essential for survival is supported by the ubiquity of this behavior, the apparent existence of sleep-like states in the earliest animals, and the fact that severe sleep loss can be lethal. The cause of this lethality is unknown. Here we show, using flies and mice, that sleep deprivation leads to accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and consequent oxidative stress, specifically in the gut. ROS are not just correlates of sleep deprivation but drivers of death: their neutralization prevents oxidative stress and allows flies to have a normal lifespan with little to no sleep. The rescue can be achieved with oral antioxidant compounds or with gut-targeted transgenic expression of antioxidant enzymes. We conclude that death upon severe sleep restriction can be caused by oxidative stress, that the gut is central in this process, and that survival without sleep is possible when ROS accumulation is prevented. VIDEO ABSTRACT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Vaccaro
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yosef Kaplan Dor
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Keishi Nambara
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Cindy Lin
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Dragana Rogulja
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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36
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Abstract
The tumour microenvironment plays a critical role in determining tumour fate. Within that environment, and indeed throughout epithelial tissues, cells experience competition with their neighbours, with those less fit being eliminated by fitter adjacent cells. Herein we discuss evidence suggesting that mutations in cancer cells may be selected for their ability to exploit cell competition to kill neighbouring host cells, thereby facilitating tumour expansion. In some instances, cell competition may help host tissues to defend against cancer, by removing neoplastic and aneuploid cells. Cancer risk factors, such as high-sugar or high-fat diet and inflammation, impact cell competition-based host defences, suggesting that their effect on tumour risk may in part be accounted for by their influence on cell competition. We propose that interventions aimed at modifying the strength and direction of cell competition could induce cancer cell killing and form the basis for novel anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Medhavi Vishwakarma
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Eugenia Piddini
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
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37
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La Marca JE, Richardson HE. Two-Faced: Roles of JNK Signalling During Tumourigenesis in the Drosophila Model. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:42. [PMID: 32117973 PMCID: PMC7012784 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The highly conserved c-Jun N-terminal Kinase (JNK) signalling pathway has many functions, regulating a diversity of processes: from cell movement during embryogenesis to the stress response of cells after environmental insults. Studies modelling cancer using the vinegar fly, Drosophila melanogaster, have identified both pro- and anti-tumourigenic roles for JNK signalling, depending on context. As a tumour suppressor, JNK signalling commonly is activated by conserved Tumour Necrosis Factor (TNF) signalling, which promotes the caspase-mediated death of tumourigenic cells. JNK pathway activation can also occur via actin cytoskeleton alterations, and after cellular damage inflicted by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Additionally, JNK signalling frequently acts in concert with Salvador-Warts-Hippo (SWH) signalling – either upstream of or parallel to this potent growth-suppressing pathway. As a tumour promoter, JNK signalling is co-opted by cells expressing activated Ras-MAPK signalling (among other pathways), and used to drive cell morphological changes, induce invasive behaviours, block differentiation, and enable persistent cell proliferation. Furthermore, JNK is capable of non-autonomous influences within tumour microenvironments by effecting the transcription of various cell growth- and proliferation-promoting molecules. In this review, we discuss these aspects of JNK signalling in Drosophila tumourigenesis models, and highlight recent publications that have expanded our knowledge of this important and versatile pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- John E La Marca
- Richardson Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Helena E Richardson
- Richardson Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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38
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Heslop KA, Rovini A, Hunt EG, Fang D, Morris ME, Christie CF, Gooz MB, DeHart DN, Dang Y, Lemasters JJ, Maldonado EN. JNK activation and translocation to mitochondria mediates mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death induced by VDAC opening and sorafenib in hepatocarcinoma cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 171:113728. [PMID: 31759978 PMCID: PMC7309270 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.113728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The multikinase inhibitor sorafenib, and opening of voltage dependent anion channels (VDAC) by the erastin-like compound X1 promotes oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in hepatocarcinoma cells. Here, we hypothesized that X1 and sorafenib induce mitochondrial dysfunction by increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and activating c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs), leading to translocation of activated JNK to mitochondria. Both X1 and sorafenib increased production of ROS and activated JNK. X1 and sorafenib caused a drop in mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨ), a readout of mitochondrial metabolism, after 60 min. Mitochondrial depolarization after X1 and sorafenib occurred in parallel with JNK activation, increased superoxide (O2•-) production, decreased basal and oligomycin sensitive respiration, and decreased maximal respiratory capacity. Increased production of O2•- after X1 or sorafenib was abrogated by JNK inhibition and antioxidants. S3QEL 2, a specific inhibitor of site IIIQo, at Complex III, prevented depolarization induced by X1. JNK inhibition by JNK inhibitors VIII and SP600125 also prevented mitochondrial depolarization. After X1, activated JNK translocated to mitochondria as assessed by proximity ligation assays. Tat-Sab KIM1, a peptide selectively preventing the binding of JNK to the outer mitochondrial membrane protein Sab, blocked the depolarization induced by X1 and sorafenib. X1 promoted cell death mostly by necroptosis that was partially prevented by JNK inhibition. These results indicate that JNK activation and translocation to mitochondria is a common mechanism of mitochondrial dysfunction induced by both VDAC opening and sorafenib.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Heslop
- Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - A Rovini
- Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - E G Hunt
- Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - D Fang
- Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - M E Morris
- Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - C F Christie
- Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - M B Gooz
- Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - D N DeHart
- Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Y Dang
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - J J Lemasters
- Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States; Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States; Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - E N Maldonado
- Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States; Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.
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39
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Li M, Sun S, Priest J, Bi X, Fan Y. Characterization of TNF-induced cell death in Drosophila reveals caspase- and JNK-dependent necrosis and its role in tumor suppression. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:613. [PMID: 31409797 PMCID: PMC6692325 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1862-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-necrosis factor (TNF) and its superfamily members are pleiotropic cytokines. Activation of TNF can lead to distinct cellular outcomes including inflammation, cell survival, and different forms of cell death, such as apoptosis and necrosis in a context-dependent manner. However, our understanding of what determines the versatile functions of TNF is far from complete. Here, we examined the molecular mechanisms that distinguish the forms of cell death induced by Eiger (Egr), the sole homolog of TNF in Drosophila. We show that expression of Egr in the developing Drosophila eye simultaneously induces apoptosis and apoptosis-independent developmental defects indicated by cellular disorganization, both of which rely on the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling activity. Intriguingly, when effector caspases DrICE and Dcp-1 are defective or inhibited, expression of Egr triggers necrosis which is characterized by loss of cell membrane integrity, translucent cytoplasm, and aggregation of cellular organelles. Moreover, such Egr-induced necrosis depends on the catalytic activity of the initiator caspase Dronc and the input from JNK signaling but is independent of their roles in apoptosis. Further mosaic analysis with mutants of scribble (scrib), an evolutionarily conserved tumor suppressor gene regulating cell polarity, suggests that Egr/JNK-mediated apoptosis and necrosis establish a two-layered defense system to inhibit the oncogenic growth of scrib mutant cells. Together, we have identified caspase- and JNK-dependent mechanisms underlying Egr-induced apoptosis versus necrosis and their fail-safe roles in tumor suppression in an intact organism in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingli Li
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Shiyao Sun
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jessica Priest
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Xiaolin Bi
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yun Fan
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
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Ohsawa S. Elimination of oncogenic cells that regulate epithelial homeostasis in Drosophila. Dev Growth Differ 2019; 61:337-342. [PMID: 30957223 PMCID: PMC6850057 DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Normal epithelial tissues often put anti‐tumorigenic pressure on newly emerged oncogenic cells through cell–cell communications. In Drosophila epithelium, clones of oncogenic cells mutant for evolutionarily conserved apico‐basal polarity genes such as scribble (scrib) and discs large (dlg) are actively eliminated when surrounded by normal cells. It has been reported that c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) signaling in polarity‐deficient cells is crucial for their cell death. However, the mechanism by which normal epithelial tissues exert anti‐tumorigenic effects on polarity‐deficient cells had been elusive. Here, I describe our genetic studies in Drosophila epithelium especially focused on the role of surrounding normal epithelial cells in response to the emergence of polarity‐deficient cells. Furthermore, I also describe recent studies regarding the mechanism by which polarity‐deficient cells are extruded from the tissue, and discuss future perspectives on the study of cell–cell communications in epithelial homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizue Ohsawa
- Laboratory of Genetics, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Centrosome Loss Triggers a Transcriptional Program To Counter Apoptosis-Induced Oxidative Stress. Genetics 2019; 212:187-211. [PMID: 30867197 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.119.302051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Centrosomes play a critical role in mitotic spindle assembly through their role in microtubule nucleation and bipolar spindle assembly. Loss of centrosomes can impair the ability of some cells to properly conduct mitotic division, leading to chromosomal instability, cell stress, and aneuploidy. Multiple aspects of the cellular response to mitotic error associated with centrosome loss appear to involve activation of JNK signaling. To further characterize the transcriptional effects of centrosome loss, we compared gene expression profiles of wild-type and acentrosomal cells from Drosophila wing imaginal discs. We found elevation of expression of JNK target genes, which we verified at the protein level. Consistent with this, the upregulated gene set showed significant enrichment for the AP-1 consensus DNA-binding sequence. We also found significant elevation in expression of genes regulating redox balance. Based on those findings, we examined oxidative stress after centrosome loss, revealing that acentrosomal wing cells have significant increases in reactive oxygen species (ROS). We then performed a candidate genetic screen and found that one of the genes upregulated in acentrosomal cells, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, plays an important role in buffering acentrosomal cells against increased ROS and helps protect those cells from cell death. Our data and other recent studies have revealed a complex network of signaling pathways, transcriptional programs, and cellular processes that epithelial cells use to respond to stressors, like mitotic errors, to help limit cell damage and maintain normal tissue development.
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Banerjee U, Girard JR, Goins LM, Spratford CM. Drosophila as a Genetic Model for Hematopoiesis. Genetics 2019; 211:367-417. [PMID: 30733377 PMCID: PMC6366919 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.118.300223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this FlyBook chapter, we present a survey of the current literature on the development of the hematopoietic system in Drosophila The Drosophila blood system consists entirely of cells that function in innate immunity, tissue integrity, wound healing, and various forms of stress response, and are therefore functionally similar to myeloid cells in mammals. The primary cell types are specialized for phagocytic, melanization, and encapsulation functions. As in mammalian systems, multiple sites of hematopoiesis are evident in Drosophila and the mechanisms involved in this process employ many of the same molecular strategies that exemplify blood development in humans. Drosophila blood progenitors respond to internal and external stress by coopting developmental pathways that involve both local and systemic signals. An important goal of these Drosophila studies is to develop the tools and mechanisms critical to further our understanding of human hematopoiesis during homeostasis and dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Utpal Banerjee
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Juliet R Girard
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Lauren M Goins
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Carrie M Spratford
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
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Two Sides of the Same Coin - Compensatory Proliferation in Regeneration and Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1167:65-85. [PMID: 31520349 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-23629-8_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis has long been regarded as a tumor suppressor mechanism and evasion from apoptosis is considered to be one hallmark of cancer. However, this principle is not always consistent with clinical data which often illustrate a correlation between apoptosis and poor prognosis. Work in the last 15 years has provided an explanation for this apparent paradox. Apoptotic cells communicate with their environment and can produce signals which promote compensatory proliferation of surviving cells. This behavior of apoptotic cells is important for tissue regeneration in several model organisms, ranging from hydra to mammals. However, it may also play an important feature for tumorigenesis and tumor relapse. Several distinct forms of apoptosis-induced compensatory proliferation (AiP) have been identified, many of which involve reactive oxygen species (ROS) and immune cells. One type of AiP, "undead" AiP, in which apoptotic cells are kept in an immortalized state and continuously divide, may have particular relevance for tumorigenesis. Furthermore, given that chemo- and radiotherapy often aim to kill tumor cells, an improved understanding of the effects of apoptotic cells on the tumor and the tumor environment is of critical importance for the well-being of the patient. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of AiP and focus our attention on recent findings obtained in Drosophila and other model organisms, and relate them to tumorigenesis.
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Benhra N, Barrio L, Muzzopappa M, Milán M. Chromosomal Instability Induces Cellular Invasion in Epithelial Tissues. Dev Cell 2018; 47:161-174.e4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2018.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Gudipaty SA, Conner CM, Rosenblatt J, Montell DJ. Unconventional Ways to Live and Die: Cell Death and Survival in Development, Homeostasis, and Disease. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 2018; 34:311-332. [PMID: 30089222 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cellbio-100616-060748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Balancing cell death and survival is essential for normal development and homeostasis and for preventing diseases, especially cancer. Conventional cell death pathways include apoptosis, a form of programmed cell death controlled by a well-defined biochemical pathway, and necrosis, the lysis of acutely injured cells. New types of regulated cell death include necroptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, phagoptosis, and entosis. Autophagy can promote survival or can cause death. Newly described processes of anastasis and resuscitation show that, remarkably, cells can recover from the brink of apoptosis or necroptosis. Important new work shows that epithelia achieve homeostasis by extruding excess cells, which then die by anoikis due to loss of survival signals. This mechanically regulated process both maintains barrier function as cells die and matches rates of proliferation and death. In this review, we describe these unconventional ways in which cells have evolved to die or survive, as well as the contributions that these processes make to homeostasis and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swapna A Gudipaty
- Department of Oncological Sciences and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - Christopher M Conner
- Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA;
| | - Jody Rosenblatt
- Department of Oncological Sciences and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - Denise J Montell
- Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA;
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de Vreede G, Morrison HA, Houser AM, Boileau RM, Andersen D, Colombani J, Bilder D. A Drosophila Tumor Suppressor Gene Prevents Tonic TNF Signaling through Receptor N-Glycosylation. Dev Cell 2018; 45:595-605.e4. [PMID: 29870719 PMCID: PMC5995582 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2018.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Drosophila tumor suppressor genes have revealed molecular pathways that control tissue growth, but mechanisms that regulate mitogenic signaling are far from understood. Here we report that the Drosophila TSG tumorous imaginal discs (tid), whose phenotypes were previously attributed to mutations in a DnaJ-like chaperone, are in fact driven by the loss of the N-linked glycosylation pathway component ALG3. tid/alg3 imaginal discs display tissue growth and architecture defects that share characteristics of both neoplastic and hyperplastic mutants. Tumorous growth is driven by inhibited Hippo signaling, induced by excess Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activity. We show that ectopic JNK activation is caused by aberrant glycosylation of a single protein, the fly tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor homolog, which results in increased binding to the continually circulating TNF. Our results suggest that N-linked glycosylation sets the threshold of TNF receptor signaling by modifying ligand-receptor interactions and that cells may alter this modification to respond appropriately to physiological cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geert de Vreede
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Holly A Morrison
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Alexandra M Houser
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Ryan M Boileau
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Ditte Andersen
- University Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, Inserm, iBV, Nice 06108, France
| | - Julien Colombani
- University Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, Inserm, iBV, Nice 06108, France
| | - David Bilder
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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Amcheslavsky A, Wang S, Fogarty CE, Lindblad JL, Fan Y, Bergmann A. Plasma Membrane Localization of Apoptotic Caspases for Non-apoptotic Functions. Dev Cell 2018; 45:450-464.e3. [PMID: 29787709 PMCID: PMC5972739 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2018.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Caspases are best characterized for their function in apoptosis. However, they also have non-apoptotic functions such as apoptosis-induced proliferation (AiP), where caspases release mitogens for compensatory proliferation independently of their apoptotic role. Here, we report that the unconventional myosin, Myo1D, which is known for its involvement in left/right development, is an important mediator of AiP in Drosophila. Mechanistically, Myo1D translocates the initiator caspase Dronc to the basal side of the plasma membrane of epithelial cells where Dronc promotes the activation of the NADPH-oxidase Duox for reactive oxygen species generation and AiP in a non-apoptotic manner. We propose that the basal side of the plasma membrane constitutes a non-apoptotic compartment for caspases. Finally, Myo1D promotes tumor growth and invasiveness of the neoplastic scrib RasV12 model. Together, we identified a new function of Myo1D for AiP and tumorigenesis, and reveal a mechanism by which cells sequester apoptotic caspases in a non-apoptotic compartment at the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alla Amcheslavsky
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Shiuan Wang
- Baylor College of Medicine, Program in Developmental Biology, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Caitlin E Fogarty
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Jillian L Lindblad
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Yun Fan
- University of Birmingham, School of Biosciences, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Andreas Bergmann
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
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Xu DC, Arthurton L, Baena-Lopez LA. Learning on the Fly: The Interplay between Caspases and Cancer. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:5473180. [PMID: 29854765 PMCID: PMC5949197 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5473180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The ease of genetic manipulation, as well as the evolutionary conservation of gene function, has placed Drosophila melanogaster as one of the leading model organisms used to understand the implication of many proteins with disease development, including caspases and their relation to cancer. The family of proteases referred to as caspases have been studied over the years as the major regulators of apoptosis: the most common cellular mechanism involved in eliminating unwanted or defective cells, such as cancerous cells. Indeed, the evasion of the apoptotic programme resulting from caspase downregulation is considered one of the hallmarks of cancer. Recent investigations have also shown an instrumental role for caspases in non-lethal biological processes, such as cell proliferation, cell differentiation, intercellular communication, and cell migration. Importantly, malfunction of these essential biological tasks can deeply impact the initiation and progression of cancer. Here, we provide an extensive review of the literature surrounding caspase biology and its interplay with many aspects of cancer, emphasising some of the key findings obtained from Drosophila studies. We also briefly describe the therapeutic potential of caspase modulation in relation to cancer, highlighting shortcomings and hopeful promises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek Cui Xu
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX13RE, UK
- Cell Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lewis Arthurton
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX13RE, UK
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Parvy JP, Hodgson JA, Cordero JB. Drosophila as a Model System to Study Nonautonomous Mechanisms Affecting Tumour Growth and Cell Death. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:7152962. [PMID: 29725601 PMCID: PMC5872677 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7152962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The study of cancer has represented a central focus in medical research for over a century. The great complexity and constant evolution of the pathology require the use of multiple research model systems and interdisciplinary approaches. This is necessary in order to achieve a comprehensive understanding into the mechanisms driving disease initiation and progression, to aid the development of appropriate therapies. In recent decades, the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster and its associated powerful genetic tools have become a very attractive model system to study tumour-intrinsic and non-tumour-derived processes that mediate tumour development in vivo. In this review, we will summarize recent work on Drosophila as a model system to study cancer biology. We will focus on the interactions between tumours and their microenvironment, including extrinsic mechanisms affecting tumour growth and how tumours impact systemic host physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Philippe Parvy
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Joseph A. Hodgson
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Julia B. Cordero
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
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50
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Modelling Cooperative Tumorigenesis in Drosophila. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:4258387. [PMID: 29693007 PMCID: PMC5859872 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4258387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The development of human metastatic cancer is a multistep process, involving the acquisition of several genetic mutations, tumour heterogeneity, and interactions with the surrounding microenvironment. Due to the complexity of cancer development in mammals, simpler model organisms, such as the vinegar fly, Drosophila melanogaster, are being utilized to provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms involved. In this review, we highlight recent advances in modelling tumorigenesis using the Drosophila model, focusing on the cooperation of oncogenes or tumour suppressors, and the interaction of mutant cells with the surrounding tissue in epithelial tumour initiation and progression.
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