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García-Navarrete C, Kretschmar C, Toledo J, Gutiérrez K, Hernández-Cáceres MP, Budini M, Parra V, Burgos PV, Lavandero S, Morselli E, Peña-Oyarzún D, Criollo A. PKD2 regulates autophagy and forms a protein complex with BECN1 at the primary cilium of hypothalamic neuronal cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167256. [PMID: 38782303 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The primary cilium, hereafter cilium, is an antenna-like organelle that modulates intracellular responses, including autophagy, a lysosomal degradation process essential for cell homeostasis. Dysfunction of the cilium is associated with impairment of autophagy and diseases known as "ciliopathies". The discovery of autophagy-related proteins at the base of the cilium suggests its potential role in coordinating autophagy initiation in response to physiopathological stimuli. One of these proteins, beclin-1 (BECN1), it which is necessary for autophagosome biogenesis. Additionally, polycystin-2 (PKD2), a calcium channel enriched at the cilium, is required and sufficient to induce autophagy in renal and cancer cells. We previously demonstrated that PKD2 and BECN1 form a protein complex at the endoplasmic reticulum in non-ciliated cells, where it initiates autophagy, but whether this protein complex is present at the cilium remains unknown. Anorexigenic pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons are ciliated cells that require autophagy to maintain intracellular homeostasis. POMC neurons are sensitive to metabolic changes, modulating signaling pathways crucial for controlling food intake. Exposure to the saturated fatty acid palmitic acid (PA) reduces ciliogenesis and inhibits autophagy in these cells. Here, we show that PKD2 and BECN1 form a protein complex in N43/5 cells, an in vitro model of POMC neurons, and that both PKD2 and BECN1 locate at the cilium. In addition, our data show that the cilium is required for PKD2-BECN1 protein complex formation and that PA disrupts the PKD2-BECN1 complex, suppressing autophagy. Our findings provide new insights into the mechanisms by which the cilium controls autophagy in hypothalamic neuronal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila García-Navarrete
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Odontológicas (ICOD), Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Catalina Kretschmar
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Odontológicas (ICOD), Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jorge Toledo
- Advanced Scientific Equipment Network (REDECA), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Chile
| | - Karla Gutiérrez
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Odontológicas (ICOD), Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - María Paz Hernández-Cáceres
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Odontológicas (ICOD), Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Sciences, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mauricio Budini
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Odontológicas (ICOD), Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Autophagy Research Center, Santiago, Chile
| | - Valentina Parra
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas & Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas & Farmacéuticas & Facultad Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Patricia V Burgos
- Autophagy Research Center, Santiago, Chile; Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile; Centro Científico y Tecnológico de Excelencia Ciencia & Vida, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Avenida Del Valle Norte #725, Huechuraba 8580702, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sergio Lavandero
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas & Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas & Farmacéuticas & Facultad Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Cardiology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Eugenia Morselli
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Sciences, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile; Autophagy Research Center, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniel Peña-Oyarzún
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Odontológicas (ICOD), Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas & Farmacéuticas & Facultad Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Faculty of Odontology and Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidad San Sebastián, Chile.
| | - Alfredo Criollo
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Odontológicas (ICOD), Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Autophagy Research Center, Santiago, Chile; Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas & Farmacéuticas & Facultad Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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2
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Hilgendorf KI, Myers BR, Reiter JF. Emerging mechanistic understanding of cilia function in cellular signalling. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2024; 25:555-573. [PMID: 38366037 PMCID: PMC11199107 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-023-00698-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Primary cilia are solitary, immotile sensory organelles present on most cells in the body that participate broadly in human health, physiology and disease. Cilia generate a unique environment for signal transduction with tight control of protein, lipid and second messenger concentrations within a relatively small compartment, enabling reception, transmission and integration of biological information. In this Review, we discuss how cilia function as signalling hubs in cell-cell communication using three signalling pathways as examples: ciliary G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), the Hedgehog (Hh) pathway and polycystin ion channels. We review how defects in these ciliary signalling pathways lead to a heterogeneous group of conditions known as 'ciliopathies', including metabolic syndromes, birth defects and polycystic kidney disease. Emerging understanding of these pathways' transduction mechanisms reveals common themes between these cilia-based signalling pathways that may apply to other pathways as well. These mechanistic insights reveal how cilia orchestrate normal and pathophysiological signalling outputs broadly throughout human biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keren I Hilgendorf
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
| | - Benjamin R Myers
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
| | - Jeremy F Reiter
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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3
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Rezi CK, Aslanyan MG, Diwan GD, Cheng T, Chamlali M, Junger K, Anvarian Z, Lorentzen E, Pauly KB, Afshar-Bahadori Y, Fernandes EF, Qian F, Tosi S, Christensen ST, Pedersen SF, Strømgaard K, Russell RB, Miner JH, Mahjoub MR, Boldt K, Roepman R, Pedersen LB. DLG1 functions upstream of SDCCAG3 and IFT20 to control ciliary targeting of polycystin-2. EMBO Rep 2024:10.1038/s44319-024-00170-1. [PMID: 38849673 DOI: 10.1038/s44319-024-00170-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Polarized vesicular trafficking directs specific receptors and ion channels to cilia, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Here we describe a role for DLG1, a core component of the Scribble polarity complex, in regulating ciliary protein trafficking in kidney epithelial cells. Conditional knockout of Dlg1 in mouse kidney causes ciliary elongation and cystogenesis, and cell-based proximity labeling proteomics and fluorescence microscopy show alterations in the ciliary proteome upon loss of DLG1. Specifically, the retromer-associated protein SDCCAG3, IFT20, and polycystin-2 (PC2) are reduced in the cilia of DLG1-deficient cells compared to control cells. This phenotype is recapitulated in vivo and rescuable by re-expression of wild-type DLG1, but not a Congenital Anomalies of the Kidney and Urinary Tract (CAKUT)-associated DLG1 variant, p.T489R. Finally, biochemical approaches and Alpha Fold modelling suggest that SDCCAG3 and IFT20 form a complex that associates, at least indirectly, with DLG1. Our work identifies a key role for DLG1 in regulating ciliary protein composition and suggests that ciliary dysfunction of the p.T489R DLG1 variant may contribute to CAKUT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csenge K Rezi
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mariam G Aslanyan
- Department of Human Genetics, Research Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Gaurav D Diwan
- BioQuant, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Biochemistry Center (BZH), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tao Cheng
- Department of Medicine (Nephrology Division) and Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Mohamed Chamlali
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Katrin Junger
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Eberhard Karl University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Zeinab Anvarian
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Esben Lorentzen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics - Protein Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kleo B Pauly
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Eduardo Fa Fernandes
- Center for Biopharmaceuticals, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Feng Qian
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sébastien Tosi
- Danish BioImaging Infrastructure Image Analysis Core Facility (DBI-INFRA IACF), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Stine F Pedersen
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristian Strømgaard
- Center for Biopharmaceuticals, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Robert B Russell
- BioQuant, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Biochemistry Center (BZH), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jeffrey H Miner
- Department of Medicine (Nephrology Division) and Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Moe R Mahjoub
- Department of Medicine (Nephrology Division) and Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Karsten Boldt
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Eberhard Karl University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ronald Roepman
- Department of Human Genetics, Research Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Lotte B Pedersen
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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4
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Larmore M, Palomero OE, Kamat NP, DeCaen PG. A synthetic method to assay polycystin channel biophysics. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.06.592666. [PMID: 38766162 PMCID: PMC11100589 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.06.592666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Ion channels are biological transistors that control ionic flux across cell membranes to regulate electrical transmission and signal transduction. They are found in all biological membranes and their conductive states are frequently disrupted in human diseases. Organelle ion channels are among the most resistant to functional and pharmacological interrogation. Traditional channel protein reconstitution methods rely upon exogenous expression and/or purification from endogenous cellular sources which are frequently contaminated by resident ionophores. Here we describe a fully synthetic method to assay the functional properties of the polycystin subfamily of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels that natively traffic to primary cilia and endoplasmic reticulum organelles. Using this method, we characterize their membrane integration, orientation and conductance while comparing these results to their endogenous channel properties. Outcomes define a novel synthetic approach that can be applied broadly to investigate other channels resistant to biophysical analysis and pharmacological characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Larmore
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Orhi Esarte Palomero
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Neha P Kamat
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering and Applied Science, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
- Center for Synthetic Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Paul G DeCaen
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Center for Synthetic Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
- Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
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5
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Staruschenko A, Alexander RT, Caplan MJ, Ilatovskaya DV. Calcium signalling and transport in the kidney. Nat Rev Nephrol 2024:10.1038/s41581-024-00835-z. [PMID: 38641658 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-024-00835-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
The kidney plays a pivotal role in regulating calcium levels within the body. Approximately 98% of the filtered calcium is reabsorbed in the nephron, and this process is tightly controlled to maintain calcium homeostasis, which is required to facilitate optimal bone mineralization, preserve serum calcium levels within a narrow range, and support intracellular signalling mechanisms. The maintenance of these functions is attributed to a delicate balance achieved by various calcium channels, transporters, and calcium-binding proteins in renal cells. Perturbation of this balance due to deficiency or dysfunction of calcium channels and calcium-binding proteins can lead to severe complications. For example, polycystic kidney disease is linked to aberrant calcium transport and signalling. Furthermore, dysregulation of calcium levels can promote the formation of kidney stones. This Review provides an updated description of the key aspects of calcium handling in the kidney, focusing on the function of various calcium channels and the physiological stimuli that control these channels or are communicated through them. A discussion of the role of calcium as an intracellular second messenger and the pathophysiology of renal calcium dysregulation, as well as a summary of gaps in knowledge and future prospects, are also included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Staruschenko
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
- Hypertension and Kidney Research Center, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
- James A. Haley Veterans Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA.
| | - R Todd Alexander
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Women's and Children's Health Institute, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Michael J Caplan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Daria V Ilatovskaya
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
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6
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Márquez-Nogueras KM, Kuo IY. Cardiovascular perspectives of the TRP channel polycystin 2. J Physiol 2024; 602:1565-1577. [PMID: 37312633 PMCID: PMC10716366 DOI: 10.1113/jp283835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium release from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is predominantly driven by two key ion channel receptors, inositol 1, 4, 5-triphosphate receptor (InsP3R) in non-excitable cells and ryanodine receptor (RyR) in excitable and muscle-based cells. These calcium transients can be modified by other less-studied ion channels, including polycystin 2 (PC2), a member of the transient receptor potential (TRP) family. PC2 is found in various cell types and is evolutionarily conserved with paralogues ranging from single-cell organisms to yeasts and mammals. Interest in the mammalian form of PC2 stems from its disease relevance, as mutations in the PKD2 gene, which encodes PC2, result in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). This disease is characterized by renal and liver cysts, and cardiovascular extrarenal manifestations. However, in contrast to the well-defined roles of many TRP channels, the role of PC2 remains unknown, as it has different subcellular locations, and the functional understanding of the channel in each location is still unclear. Recent structural and functional studies have shed light on this channel. Moreover, studies on cardiovascular tissues have demonstrated a diverse role of PC2 in these tissues compared to that in the kidney. We highlight recent advances in understanding the role of this channel in the cardiovascular system and discuss the functional relevance of PC2 in non-renal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla M Márquez-Nogueras
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Ivana Y Kuo
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
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7
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Huang J, Tao H, Chen J, Shen Y, Lei J, Pan J, Yan C, Yan N. Structure-guided discovery of protein and glycan components in native mastigonemes. Cell 2024; 187:1733-1744.e12. [PMID: 38552612 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Mastigonemes, the hair-like lateral appendages lining cilia or flagella, participate in mechanosensation and cellular motion, but their constituents and structure have remained unclear. Here, we report the cryo-EM structure of native mastigonemes isolated from Chlamydomonas at 3.0 Å resolution. The long stem assembles as a super spiral, with each helical turn comprising four pairs of anti-parallel mastigoneme-like protein 1 (Mst1). A large array of arabinoglycans, which represents a common class of glycosylation in plants and algae, is resolved surrounding the type II poly-hydroxyproline (Hyp) helix in Mst1. The EM map unveils a mastigoneme axial protein (Mstax) that is rich in heavily glycosylated Hyp and contains a PKD2-like transmembrane domain (TMD). Mstax, with nearly 8,000 residues spanning from the intracellular region to the distal end of the mastigoneme, provides the framework for Mst1 assembly. Our study provides insights into the complexity of protein and glycan interactions in native bio-architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhao Huang
- Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structures, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hui Tao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jikun Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yang Shen
- Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structures, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jianlin Lei
- Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structures, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Junmin Pan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
| | - Chuangye Yan
- Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structures, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Nieng Yan
- Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structures, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Institute of Bio-Architecture and Bio-Interactions (IBABI), Shenzhen Medical Academy of Research and Translation (SMART), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China.
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8
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Davis MJ, Zawieja SD. Pacemaking in the lymphatic system. J Physiol 2024. [PMID: 38520402 DOI: 10.1113/jp284752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Lymphatic collecting vessels exhibit spontaneous phasic contractions that are critical for lymph propulsion and tissue fluid homeostasis. This rhythmic activity is driven by action potentials conducted across the lymphatic muscle cell (LMC) layer to produce entrained contractions. The contraction frequency of a lymphatic collecting vessel displays exquisite mechanosensitivity, with a dynamic range from <1 to >20 contractions per minute. A myogenic pacemaker mechanism intrinsic to the LMCs was initially postulated to account for pressure-dependent chronotropy. Further interrogation into the cellular constituents of the lymphatic vessel wall identified non-muscle cell populations that shared some characteristics with interstitial cells of Cajal, which have pacemaker functions in the gastrointestinal and lower urinary tracts, thus raising the possibility of a non-muscle cell pacemaker. However, recent genetic knockout studies in mice support LMCs and a myogenic origin of the pacemaker activity. LMCs exhibit stochastic, but pressure-sensitive, sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium release (puffs and waves) from IP3R1 receptors, which couple to the calcium-activated chloride channel Anoctamin 1, causing depolarisation. The resulting electrical activity integrates across the highly coupled lymphatic muscle electrical syncytia through connexin 45 to modulate diastolic depolarisation. However, multiple other cation channels may also contribute to the ionic pacemaking cycle. Upon reaching threshold, a voltage-gated calcium channel-dependent action potential fires, resulting in a nearly synchronous calcium global calcium flash within the LMC layer to drive an entrained contraction. This review summarizes the key ion channels potentially responsible for the pressure-dependent chronotropy of lymphatic collecting vessels and various mechanisms of IP3R1 regulation that could contribute to frequency tuning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Davis
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Scott D Zawieja
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
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9
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Wang Z, Chen M, Su Q, Morais TDC, Wang Y, Nazginov E, Pillai AR, Qian F, Shi Y, Yu Y. Molecular and structural basis of the dual regulation of the polycystin-2 ion channel by small-molecule ligands. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2316230121. [PMID: 38483987 PMCID: PMC10962963 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2316230121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the PKD2 gene, which encodes the polycystin-2 (PC2, also called TRPP2) protein, lead to autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). As a member of the transient receptor potential (TRP) channel superfamily, PC2 functions as a non-selective cation channel. The activation and regulation of the PC2 channel are largely unknown, and direct binding of small-molecule ligands to this channel has not been reported. In this work, we found that most known small-molecule agonists of the mucolipin TRP (TRPML) channels inhibit the activity of the PC2_F604P, a gain-of-function mutant of the PC2 channel. However, two of them, ML-SA1 and SF-51, have dual regulatory effects, with low concentration further activating PC2_F604P, and high concentration leading to inactivation of the channel. With two cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures, a molecular docking model, and mutagenesis results, we identified two distinct binding sites of ML-SA1 in PC2_F604P that are responsible for activation and inactivation, respectively. These results provide structural and functional insights into how ligands regulate PC2 channel function through unusual mechanisms and may help design compounds that are more efficient and specific in regulating the PC2 channel and potentially also for ADPKD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifei Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. John’s University, Queens, NY11375
| | - Mengying Chen
- Research Center for Industries of the Future, Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang province310024, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang province310024, China
- Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structures, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, China
| | - Qiang Su
- Research Center for Industries of the Future, Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang province310024, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang province310024, China
| | - Tiago D. C. Morais
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. John’s University, Queens, NY11375
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. John’s University, Queens, NY11375
| | - Elianna Nazginov
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. John’s University, Queens, NY11375
| | - Akhilraj R. Pillai
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. John’s University, Queens, NY11375
| | - Feng Qian
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21201
| | - Yigong Shi
- Research Center for Industries of the Future, Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang province310024, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang province310024, China
- Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structures, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, China
| | - Yong Yu
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. John’s University, Queens, NY11375
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10
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Padhy B, Amir M, Xie J, Huang CL. Leucine-Rich Repeat in Polycystin-1 Suppresses Cystogenesis in a Zebrafish ( Danio rerio) Model of Autosomal-Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2886. [PMID: 38474131 PMCID: PMC10932423 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Mutations of PKD1 coding for polycystin-1 (PC1) account for most cases of autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). The extracellular region of PC1 contains many evolutionarily conserved domains for ligand interactions. Among these are the leucine-rich repeats (LRRs) in the far N-terminus of PC1. Using zebrafish (Danio rerio) as an in vivo model system, we explored the role of LRRs in the function of PC1. Zebrafish expresses two human PKD1 paralogs, pkd1a and pkd1b. Knockdown of both genes in zebrafish by morpholino antisense oligonucleotides produced phenotypes of dorsal-axis curvature and pronephric cyst formation. We found that overexpression of LRRs suppressed both phenotypes in pkd1-morphant zebrafish. Purified recombinant LRR domain inhibited proliferation of HEK cells in culture and interacted with the heterotrimeric basement membrane protein laminin-511 (α5β1γ1) in vitro. Mutations of amino acid residues in LRRs structurally predicted to bind laminin-511 disrupted LRR-laminin interaction in vitro and neutralized the ability of LRRs to inhibit cell proliferation and cystogenesis. Our data support the hypothesis that the extracellular region of PC1 plays a role in modulating PC1 interaction with the extracellular matrix and contributes to cystogenesis of PC1 deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Chou-Long Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA (J.X.)
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11
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Lai YS, Chan TW, Nguyen TMH, Lin TC, Chao YY, Wang CY, Hung LY, Tsai SJ, Chiu WT. Store-operated calcium entry inhibits primary ciliogenesis via the activation of Aurora A. FEBS J 2024; 291:1027-1042. [PMID: 38050648 DOI: 10.1111/febs.17024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
The primary cilium is an antenna-like organelle protruding from the cell surface that can detect physical and chemical stimuli in the extracellular space to activate specific signaling pathways and downstream gene expressions. Calcium ion (Ca2+ ) signaling regulates a wide spectrum of cellular processes, including fertilization, proliferation, differentiation, muscle contraction, migration, and death. This study investigated the effects of the regulation of cytosolic Ca2+ levels on ciliogenesis using chemical, genetic, and optogenetic approaches. We found that ionomycin-induced Ca2+ influx inhibited ciliogenesis and Ca2+ chelator BATPA-AM-induced Ca2+ depletion promoted ciliogenesis. In addition, store-operated Ca2+ entry and the endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ sensor stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) negatively regulated ciliogenesis. Moreover, an optogenetic platform was used to create different Ca2+ oscillation patterns by manipulating lighting parameters, including density, frequency, exposure time, and duration. Light-activated Ca2+ -translocating channelrhodopsin (CatCh) is activated by 470-nm blue light to induce Ca2+ influx. Our results show that high-frequency Ca2+ oscillations decrease ciliogenesis. Furthermore, the inhibition of cilia formation induced by Ca2+ may occur via the activation of Aurora kinase A. Cilia not only induce Ca2+ signaling but also regulate cilia formation by Ca2+ signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Shyun Lai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ta-Wei Chan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Thi My Hang Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Chien Lin
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ying Chao
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yih Wang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Yi Hung
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shaw-Jenq Tsai
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Physiology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Tai Chiu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Medical Device Innovation Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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12
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Zheng W, Ziemssen F, Suesskind D, Voykov B, Schnichels S. TRPP2 is located in the primary cilia of human non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cells. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2024; 262:93-102. [PMID: 37378878 PMCID: PMC10806040 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-023-06150-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Mechanosensitive channels (MSCs) and primary cilium possess a possible relevance for the sensation of intraocular pressure (IOP). However, there is only limited data on their expression and localization in the ciliary body epithelium (CBE). The purpose of this study was to characterize the expression and localization of TRPP2 in a human non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (HNPCE) line. METHODS The expression of the TRPP2 was studied by quantitative (q)RT-PCR and in situ hybridization in rat and human tissue. Protein expression and distribution were studied by western blot analysis, immunohistochemistry, and immunoelectron microscopy. Cellular location of TRPP2 was determined in rat and human CBE by immunofluorescence and immunoblot analysis. Electron microscopy studies were conducted to evaluate where and with substructure TRPP2 is localized in the HNPCE cell line. RESULTS The expression of TRPP2 in rat and human non-pigmented ciliary epithelium was detected. TRPP2 was mainly located in nuclei, but also showed a punctate distribution pattern in the cytoplasm of HNPCE of the tissue and the cell line. In HNPCE cell culture, primary cilia did exhibit different length following serum starvation and hydrostatic pressure. TRPP2 was found to be colocalized with these cilia in HNPCE cells. CONCLUSION The expression of TRPP2 and the primary cilium in the CB may indicate a possible role, such as the sensing of hydrostatic pressure, for the regulation of IOP. Functional studies via patch clamp or pharmacological intervention have yet to clarify the relevance for the physiological situation or aqueous humor regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxu Zheng
- Centre for Ophthalmology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Focke Ziemssen
- Centre for Ophthalmology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
- University Eye Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Augenheilkunde, Liebigstr. 10-14, 72072, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Daniela Suesskind
- Centre for Ophthalmology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bogomil Voykov
- Centre for Ophthalmology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sven Schnichels
- Centre for Ophthalmology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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13
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Bannell TAK, Cockburn JJB. The molecular structure and function of fibrocystin, the key gene product implicated in autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD). Ann Hum Genet 2024; 88:58-75. [PMID: 37905714 DOI: 10.1111/ahg.12535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease is an early onset inherited hepatorenal disorder affecting around 1 in 20,000 births with no approved specific therapies. The disease is almost always caused by variations in the polycystic kidney and hepatic disease 1 gene, which encodes fibrocystin (FC), a very large, single-pass transmembrane glycoprotein found in primary cilia, urine and urinary exosomes. By comparison to proteins involved in autosomal dominant PKD, our structural and molecular understanding of FC has lagged far behind such that there are no published experimentally determined structures of any part of the protein. Bioinformatics analyses predict that the ectodomain contains a long chain of immunoglobulin-like plexin-transcription factor domains, a protective antigen 14 domain, a tandem G8-TMEM2 homology region and a sperm protein, enterokinase and agrin domain. Here we review current knowledge on the molecular function of the protein from a structural perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis A K Bannell
- Astbury Centre for Structural and Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Joseph J B Cockburn
- Astbury Centre for Structural and Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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14
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Adamson SE, Li ZA, Hughes JW. Beta cell primary cilia mediate somatostatin responsiveness via SSTR3. Islets 2023; 15:2252855. [PMID: 37660302 PMCID: PMC10478741 DOI: 10.1080/19382014.2023.2252855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Somatostatin is a paracrine modulator of insulin secretion and beta cell function with pleotropic effects on glucose homeostasis. The mechanism of somatostatin-mediated communication between delta and beta cells is not well-understood, which we address in this study via the ciliary somatostatin receptor 3 (SSTR3). Primary cilia are membrane organelles that act as signaling hubs in islets by virtue of their subcellular location and enrichment in signaling proteins such as G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). We show that SSTR3, a ciliary GPCR, mediates somatostatin suppression of insulin secretion in mouse islets. Quantitative analysis of calcium flux using a mouse model of genetically encoded beta cell-specific GCaMP6f calcium reporter shows that somatostatin signaling alters beta cell calcium flux after physiologic glucose stimulation, an effect that depends on endogenous SSTR3 expression and the presence of intact primary cilia on beta cells. Comparative in vitro studies using SSTR isoform antagonists demonstrate a role for SSTR3 in mediating somatostatin regulation of insulin secretion in mouse islets. Our findings support a model in which ciliary SSTR3 mediates a distinct pathway of delta-to-beta cell regulatory crosstalk and may serve as a target for paracrine modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha E. Adamson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA
| | - Zipeng A. Li
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA
| | - Jing W. Hughes
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA
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15
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Gopalakrishnan J, Feistel K, Friedrich BM, Grapin‐Botton A, Jurisch‐Yaksi N, Mass E, Mick DU, Müller R, May‐Simera H, Schermer B, Schmidts M, Walentek P, Wachten D. Emerging principles of primary cilia dynamics in controlling tissue organization and function. EMBO J 2023; 42:e113891. [PMID: 37743763 PMCID: PMC10620770 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2023113891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary cilia project from the surface of most vertebrate cells and are key in sensing extracellular signals and locally transducing this information into a cellular response. Recent findings show that primary cilia are not merely static organelles with a distinct lipid and protein composition. Instead, the function of primary cilia relies on the dynamic composition of molecules within the cilium, the context-dependent sensing and processing of extracellular stimuli, and cycles of assembly and disassembly in a cell- and tissue-specific manner. Thereby, primary cilia dynamically integrate different cellular inputs and control cell fate and function during tissue development. Here, we review the recently emerging concept of primary cilia dynamics in tissue development, organization, remodeling, and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay Gopalakrishnan
- Institute for Human Genetics, Heinrich‐Heine‐UniversitätUniversitätsklinikum DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Kerstin Feistel
- Department of Zoology, Institute of BiologyUniversity of HohenheimStuttgartGermany
| | | | - Anne Grapin‐Botton
- Cluster of Excellence Physics of Life, TU DresdenDresdenGermany
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and GeneticsDresdenGermany
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of the Helmholtz Center Munich at The University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Faculty of Medicine of the TU DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Nathalie Jurisch‐Yaksi
- Department of Clinical and Molecular MedicineNorwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheimNorway
| | - Elvira Mass
- Life and Medical Sciences Institute, Developmental Biology of the Immune SystemUniversity of BonnBonnGermany
| | - David U Mick
- Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Center of Human and Molecular Biology (ZHMB)Saarland School of MedicineHomburgGermany
| | - Roman‐Ulrich Müller
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital CologneUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging‐Associated Diseases (CECAD), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital CologneUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
| | - Helen May‐Simera
- Institute of Molecular PhysiologyJohannes Gutenberg‐UniversityMainzGermany
| | - Bernhard Schermer
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital CologneUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging‐Associated Diseases (CECAD), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital CologneUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
| | - Miriam Schmidts
- Pediatric Genetics Division, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent MedicineUniversity Hospital FreiburgFreiburgGermany
- CIBSS‐Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling StudiesUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | - Peter Walentek
- CIBSS‐Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling StudiesUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
- Renal Division, Internal Medicine IV, Medical CenterUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | - Dagmar Wachten
- Institute of Innate Immunity, Biophysical Imaging, Medical FacultyUniversity of BonnBonnGermany
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16
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Jung HJ, Dixon EE, Coleman R, Watnick T, Reiter JF, Outeda P, Cebotaru V, Woodward OM, Welling PA. Polycystin-2-dependent transcriptome reveals early response of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Physiol Genomics 2023; 55:565-577. [PMID: 37720991 PMCID: PMC11178268 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00040.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is caused by mutations in polycystin genes, Pkd1 and Pkd2, but the underlying pathogenic mechanisms are poorly understood. To identify genes and pathways that operate downstream of polycystin-2 (PC2), a comprehensive gene expression database was created, cataloging changes in the transcriptome immediately following PC2 protein depletion. To explore cyst initiation processes, an immortalized mouse inner medullary collecting duct line was developed with the ability to knock out the Pkd2 gene conditionally. Genome-wide transcriptome profiling was performed using RNA sequencing in the cells immediately after PC2 was depleted and compared with isogenic control cells. Differentially expressed genes were identified, and a bioinformatic analysis pipeline was implemented. Altered expression of candidate cystogenic genes was validated in Pkd2 knockout mice. The expression of nearly 900 genes changed upon PC2 depletion. Differentially expressed genes were enriched for genes encoding components of the primary cilia, the canonical Wnt pathway, and MAPK signaling. Among the PC2-dependent ciliary genes, the transcription factor Glis3 was significantly downregulated. MAPK signaling formed a key node at the epicenter of PC2-dependent signaling networks. Activation of Wnt and MAPK signaling, concomitant with the downregulation of Glis3, was corroborated in Pkd2 knockout mice. The data identify a PC2 cilia-to-nucleus signaling axis and dysregulation of the Gli-similar subfamily of transcription factors as a potential initiator of cyst formation in ADPKD. The catalog of PC2-regulated genes should provide a valuable resource for future ADPKD research and new opportunities for drug development.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common inherited kidney disease. Mutations in polycystin genes cause the disease, but the underlying mechanisms of cystogenesis are unknown. To help fill this knowledge gap, we created an inducible cell model of ADPKD and assembled a catalog of genes that respond in immediate proximity to polycystin-2 depletion using transcriptomic profiling. The catalog unveils a ciliary signaling-to-nucleus axis proximal to polycystin-2 dysfunction, highlighting Glis, Wnt, and MAPK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jun Jung
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Eryn E Dixon
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Richard Coleman
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Terry Watnick
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Jeremy F Reiter
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Patricia Outeda
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Valeriu Cebotaru
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Owen M Woodward
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Paul A Welling
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
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17
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Koyano T, Fujimoto T, Onishi K, Matsuyama M, Fukushima M, Kume K. Pkd2, mutations linking to autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum and regulates calcium signaling in fission yeast. Genes Cells 2023; 28:811-820. [PMID: 37723847 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.13069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a renal disorder caused by mutations in the PKD2 gene, which encodes polycystin-2/Pkd2, a transient receptor potential channel. The precise role of Pkd2 in cyst formation remains unclear. The fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe has a putative transient receptor potential channel, Pkd2, which shares similarities with human Pkd2. In this study, truncation analyses of fission yeast Pkd2 were conducted to investigate its localization and function. The results revealed that Pkd2 localizes not only to the plasma membrane but also to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in fission yeast. Furthermore, Pkd2 regulates calcium signaling in fission yeast, with the transmembrane domains of Pkd2 being sufficient for these processes. Specifically, the C-terminal region of Pkd2 plays a crucial role in the regulation of calcium signaling. Interestingly, human Pkd2 also localized to the ER and had some impact on calcium signaling in fission yeast. However, human Pkd2 failed to suppress the loss of fission yeast Pkd2. These findings indicate that hPkd2 may not completely substitute for cellular physiology of fission yeast Pkd2. This study provides insights into the localization and functional characteristics of Pkd2 in fission yeast, contributing to our understanding of the pathogenesis of ADPKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Koyano
- Division of Cell Biology, Shigei Medical Research Institute, Minami-ku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Takahiro Fujimoto
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kaori Onishi
- Division of Cell Biology, Shigei Medical Research Institute, Minami-ku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Makoto Matsuyama
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Shigei Medical Research Institute, Minami-ku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Masaki Fukushima
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Shigei Medical Research Institute, Minami-ku, Okayama, Japan
- Shigei Medical Research Hospital, Minami-ku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kazunori Kume
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
- Hiroshima Research Center for Healthy Aging (HiHA), Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
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18
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Xiao R, Liu J, Xu XZS. Mechanosensitive GPCRs and ion channels in shear stress sensing. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2023; 84:102216. [PMID: 37595342 PMCID: PMC10528224 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2023.102216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
As a universal mechanical cue, shear stress plays essential roles in many physiological processes, ranging from vascular morphogenesis and remodeling to renal transport and airway barrier function. Disrupted shear stress is commonly regarded as a major contributor to various human diseases such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, and chronic kidney disease. Despite the importance of shear stress in physiology and pathophysiology, our current understanding of mechanosensors that sense shear stress is far from complete. An increasing number of candidate mechanosensors have been proposed to mediate shear stress sensing in distinct cell types, including G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), G proteins, receptor tyrosine kinases, ion channels, glycocalyx proteins, and junctional proteins. Although multiple types of mechanosensors might be able to convert shear stress into downstream biochemical signaling events, in this review, we will focus on discussing the mechanosensitive GPCRs (angiotensin II type 1 receptor, GPR68, histamine H1 receptor, adhesion GPCRs) and ion channels (Piezo, TRP) that have been reported to be directly activated by shear stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Xiao
- Department of Physiology and Aging, Institute on Aging, Center for Smell and Taste, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - Jie Liu
- Neuroscience Program, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - X Z Shawn Xu
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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19
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Yanda MK, Ciobanu C, Guggino WB, Cebotaru L. CFTR and PC2, partners in the primary cilia in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 325:C682-C693. [PMID: 37519231 PMCID: PMC10635646 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00197.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Defects in the primary cilium are associated with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). We used a combination of animal models, Western blotting, and confocal microscopy and discovered that CFTR and polycystin 2 (PC2) are both colocalized to the cilium in normal kidneys, with the levels of both being decreased in cystic epithelia. Cilia were longer in CFTR-null mice and in cystic cells in our ADPKD animal models. We examined septin 2, known to play a role in cilia length, to act as a diffusion barrier and to serve as an enhancer of proliferation. We found that septin 2 protein levels were upregulated and colocalized strongly with CFTR in cystic cells. Application of VX-809, the CFTR corrector, restored CFTR and PC2 toward normal in the cilia, decreased the protein levels of septin 2, and drastically reduced septin 2 colocalization with CFTR. Our data suggest that CFTR is present in the cilia and plays a role there, perhaps through its conductance of Cl-. We also postulate that septin 2 is important for localizing CFTR to the apical membrane in cystic epithelia.NEW & NOTEWORTHY CFTR is present in the primary cilia together with polycystin 2 (PC2). Ablation of CFTR makes cilia longer suggesting that CFTR plays a role there, perhaps through its conductance of Cl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murali K Yanda
- The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Cristian Ciobanu
- The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - William B Guggino
- The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Liudmila Cebotaru
- The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
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20
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Clearman KR, Haycraft CJ, Croyle MJ, Collawn JF, Yoder BK. Functions of the primary cilium in the kidney and its connection with renal diseases. Curr Top Dev Biol 2023; 155:39-94. [PMID: 38043952 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2023.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
The nonmotile primary cilium is a sensory structure found on most mammalian cell types that integrates multiple signaling pathways involved in tissue development and postnatal function. As such, mutations disrupting cilia activities cause a group of disorders referred to as ciliopathies. These disorders exhibit a wide spectrum of phenotypes impacting nearly every tissue. In the kidney, primary cilia dysfunction caused by mutations in polycystin 1 (Pkd1), polycystin 2 (Pkd2), or polycystic kidney and hepatic disease 1 (Pkhd1), result in polycystic kidney disease (PKD), a progressive disorder causing renal functional decline and end-stage renal disease. PKD affects nearly 1 in 1000 individuals and as there is no cure for PKD, patients frequently require dialysis or renal transplantation. Pkd1, Pkd2, and Pkhd1 encode membrane proteins that all localize in the cilium. Pkd1 and Pkd2 function as a nonselective cation channel complex while Pkhd1 protein function remains uncertain. Data indicate that the cilium may act as a mechanosensor to detect fluid movement through renal tubules. Other functions proposed for the cilium and PKD proteins in cyst development involve regulation of cell cycle and oriented division, regulation of renal inflammation and repair processes, maintenance of epithelial cell differentiation, and regulation of mitochondrial structure and metabolism. However, how loss of cilia or cilia function leads to cyst development remains elusive. Studies directed at understanding the roles of Pkd1, Pkd2, and Pkhd1 in the cilium and other locations within the cell will be important for developing therapeutic strategies to slow cyst progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey R Clearman
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Courtney J Haycraft
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Mandy J Croyle
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - James F Collawn
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Bradley K Yoder
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States.
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21
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Malla M, Sinha D, Chowdhury P, Bisesi BT, Chen Q. The cytoplasmic tail of the mechanosensitive channel Pkd2 regulates its internalization and clustering in eisosomes. J Cell Sci 2023; 136:jcs260598. [PMID: 37259828 PMCID: PMC10323245 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.260598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystins are a family of conserved ion channels, mutations of which lead to one of the most common human genetic disorders, namely, autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Schizosacchromyces pombe possesses an essential polycystin homologue, Pkd2, which directs Ca2+ influx on the cell surface in response to membrane tension, but its structure remains unsolved. Here, we analyzed the structure-function relationship of Pkd2 based on its AlphaFold-predicted structure. Pkd2 consists of three domains, the extracellular lipid-binding domain (LBD), nine-helix transmembrane domain (TMD) and C-terminal cytoplasmic domain (CCD). Our genetic and microscopy data revealed that LBD and TMD are essential for targeting Pkd2 to the plasma membrane from the endoplasmic reticulum. In comparison, CCD ensures the polarized distribution of Pkd2 by promoting its internalization and preventing its clustering in the eisosome, a caveolae-like membrane compartment. The domains of Pkd2 and their functions are conserved in other fission yeast species. We conclude that both extracellular and cytoplasmic domains of Pkd2 are crucial for its intracellular trafficking and function. We propose that mechanosensitive channels can be desensitized through either internalization or clustering in low-tension membrane compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamata Malla
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Debatrayee Sinha
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Pritha Chowdhury
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Benjamin Thomas Bisesi
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
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22
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Vien T, Ta M, Kimura L, Onay T, DeCaen P. Primary cilia TRP channel regulates hippocampal excitability. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2219686120. [PMID: 37216541 PMCID: PMC10235993 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2219686120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystins (PKD2, PKD2L1, and PKD2L2) are members of the transient receptor potential family, which form ciliary ion channels. Most notably, PKD2 dysregulation in the kidney nephron cilia is associated with polycystic kidney disease, but the function of PKD2L1 in neurons is undefined. In this report, we develop animal models to track the expression and subcellular localization of PKD2L1 in the brain. We discover that PKD2L1 localizes and functions as a Ca2+ channel in the primary cilia of hippocampal neurons that apically radiate from the soma. Loss of PKD2L1 expression ablates primary ciliary maturation and attenuates neuronal high-frequency excitability, which precipitates seizure susceptibility and autism spectrum disorder-like behavior in mice. The disproportionate impairment of interneuron excitability suggests that circuit disinhibition underlies the neurophenotypic features of these mice. Our results identify PKD2L1 channels as regulators of hippocampal excitability and the neuronal primary cilia as organelle mediators of brain electrical signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuy N. Vien
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL60611
| | - My C. Ta
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL60611
| | - Louise F. Kimura
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL60611
| | - Tuncer Onay
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL60911
| | - Paul G. DeCaen
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL60611
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23
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Márquez-Nogueras KM, Knutila RM, Vuchkosvka V, Kuo IY. TRiPPing the sensors: The osmosensing pathway of Polycystin 2. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.09.540007. [PMID: 37214815 PMCID: PMC10197615 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.09.540007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Mutations to polycystin-2 (PC2), a non-selective cation permeant transient receptor potential channel, results in polycystic kidney disease (PKD). Despite the disease relevance of PC2, the physiological agonist that activates PC2 has remained elusive. As one of the earliest symptoms in PKD is a urine concentrating deficiency, we hypothesized that shifts in osmolarity experienced by the collecting duct cells would activate PC2 and loss of PC2 would prevent osmosensing. We found that mice with inducible PC2 knocked out (KO) in renal tubules had dilute urine. Hyperosmotic stimuli induced a rise in endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-mediated cytosolic calcium which was absent in PC2 KO mice and PC2 KO cells. A pathologic point mutation that prevents ion flux through PC2 inhibited the calcium rise, pointing to the centrality of PC2 in the osmotic response. To understand how an extracellular stimulus activated ER-localized PC2, we examined microtubule-ER dynamics, and found that the osmotically induced calcium increase was preceded by microtubule destabilization. This was due to a novel interaction between PC2 and the microtubule binding protein MAP4 that tethers the microtubules to the ER. Finally, disruption of the MAP4-PC2 interaction prevented incorporation of the water channel aquaporin 2 following a hyperosmotic challenge, in part explaining the dilute urine. Our results demonstrate that MAP4-dependent microtubule stabilization of ER-resident PC2 is required for PC2 to participate in the osmosensing pathway. Moreover, osmolarity represents a bona fide physiological stimulus for ER-localized PC2 and loss of PC2 in renal epithelial cells impairs osmosensing ability and urine concentrating capacity.
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24
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Qiu J, Germino GG, Menezes LF. Mechanisms of Cyst Development in Polycystic Kidney Disease. ADVANCES IN KIDNEY DISEASE AND HEALTH 2023; 30:209-219. [PMID: 37088523 PMCID: PMC10289784 DOI: 10.1053/j.akdh.2023.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease is the most common inherited cause of end-stage kidney disease worldwide. Most cases result from mutation of either of 2 genes, PKD1 and PKD2, which encode proteins that form a probable receptor/channel complex. Studies suggest that a loss of function of the complex below an indeterminate threshold triggers cyst initiation, which ultimately results in dysregulation of multiple metabolic processes and downstream pathways and subsequent cyst growth. Noncell autonomous factors may also promote cyst growth. In this report, we focus primarily on the process of early cyst formation and factors that contribute to its variability with brief consideration of how new studies suggest this process may be reversible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahe Qiu
- Polycystic Kidney Disease Section, Kidney Disease Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD
| | - Gregory G Germino
- Polycystic Kidney Disease Section, Kidney Disease Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD.
| | - Luis F Menezes
- Polycystic Kidney Disease Section, Kidney Disease Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD.
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25
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Huang R, Fu F, Zhou H, Zhang L, Lei T, Cheng K, Yan S, Guo F, Wang Y, Ma C, Li R, Yu Q, Deng Q, Li L, Yang X, Han J, Li D, Liao C. Prenatal diagnosis in the fetal hyperechogenic kidneys: assessment using chromosomal microarray analysis and exome sequencing. Hum Genet 2023; 142:835-847. [PMID: 37095353 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-023-02545-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Fetal hyperechogenic kidneys (HEK) is etiologically a heterogeneous disorder. The aim of this study was to identify the genetic causes of HEK using prenatal chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) and exome sequencing (ES). From June 2014 to September 2022, we identified 92 HEK fetuses detected by ultrasound. We reviewed and documented other ultrasound anomalies, microscopic and submicroscopic chromosomal abnormalities, and single gene disorders. We also analyzed the diagnostic yield of CMA and ES and the clinical impact the diagnosis had on pregnancy management. In our cohort, CMA detected 27 pathogenic copy number variations (CNVs) in 25 (25/92, 27.2%) fetuses, with the most common CNV being 17q12 microdeletion syndrome. Among the 26 fetuses who underwent further ES testing, we identified 7 pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants and 8 variants of uncertain significance in 9 genes in 12 fetuses. Four novel variants were first reported herein, expanding the mutational spectra for HEK-related genes. Following counseling, 52 families chose to continue the pregnancy, and in 23 of them, postnatal ultrasound showed no detectable renal abnormalities. Of these 23 cases, 15 had isolated HEK on prenatal ultrasound. Taken together, our study showed a high rate of detectable genetic etiologies in cases with fetal HEK at the levels of chromosomal (aneuploidy), sub-chromosomal (microdeletions/microduplications), and single gene (point mutations). Therefore, we speculate that combined CMA and ES testing for fetal HEK is feasible and has good clinical utility. When no genetic abnormalities are identified, the findings can be transient, especially in the isolated HEK group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruibin Huang
- Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510620, Guangdong, China
| | - Fang Fu
- Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510620, Guangdong, China
| | - Hang Zhou
- Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510620, Guangdong, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510620, Guangdong, China
| | - Tingying Lei
- Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510620, Guangdong, China
| | - Ken Cheng
- Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510620, Guangdong, China
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, Guangdong, China
| | - Shujuan Yan
- Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510620, Guangdong, China
| | - Fei Guo
- Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510620, Guangdong, China
| | - You Wang
- Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510620, Guangdong, China
- The First Clinical Medical College, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Chunling Ma
- Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510620, Guangdong, China
- The First Clinical Medical College, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Ru Li
- Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510620, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiuxia Yu
- Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510620, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiong Deng
- Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510620, Guangdong, China
| | - Lushan Li
- Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510620, Guangdong, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510620, Guangdong, China
| | - Jin Han
- Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510620, Guangdong, China
| | - Dongzhi Li
- Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510620, Guangdong, China
| | - Can Liao
- Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510620, Guangdong, China.
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26
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Luo L, Roy S, Li L, Ma M. Polycystic kidney disease: novel insights into polycystin function. Trends Mol Med 2023; 29:268-281. [PMID: 36805211 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2023.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a life-threatening monogenic disease caused by mutations in PKD1 and PKD2 that encode polycystin 1 (PC1) and polycystin 2 (PC2). PC1/2 localize to cilia of renal epithelial cells, and their function is believed to embody an inhibitory activity that suppresses the cilia-dependent cyst activation (CDCA) signal. Consequently, PC deficiency results in activation of CDCA and stimulates cyst growth. Recently, re-expression of PCs in established cysts has been shown to reverse PKD. Thus, the mode of action of PCs resembles a 'counterbalance in cruise control' to maintain lumen diameter within a designated range. Herein we review recent studies that point to novel arenas for future PC research with therapeutic potential for ADPKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingfei Luo
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Sudipto Roy
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Proteos, 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore, 138673, Singapore; Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119288, Singapore; Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Li Li
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China; Research Center of Stem cells and Ageing, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China
| | - Ming Ma
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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27
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Davis MJ, Earley S, Li YS, Chien S. Vascular mechanotransduction. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:1247-1421. [PMID: 36603156 PMCID: PMC9942936 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00053.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This review aims to survey the current state of mechanotransduction in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and endothelial cells (ECs), including their sensing of mechanical stimuli and transduction of mechanical signals that result in the acute functional modulation and longer-term transcriptomic and epigenetic regulation of blood vessels. The mechanosensors discussed include ion channels, plasma membrane-associated structures and receptors, and junction proteins. The mechanosignaling pathways presented include the cytoskeleton, integrins, extracellular matrix, and intracellular signaling molecules. These are followed by discussions on mechanical regulation of transcriptome and epigenetics, relevance of mechanotransduction to health and disease, and interactions between VSMCs and ECs. Throughout this review, we offer suggestions for specific topics that require further understanding. In the closing section on conclusions and perspectives, we summarize what is known and point out the need to treat the vasculature as a system, including not only VSMCs and ECs but also the extracellular matrix and other types of cells such as resident macrophages and pericytes, so that we can fully understand the physiology and pathophysiology of the blood vessel as a whole, thus enhancing the comprehension, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Davis
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Scott Earley
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada
| | - Yi-Shuan Li
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, California
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Shu Chien
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, California
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California
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28
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Assimakopoulou M, Christopoulou ME, Karamani V, Aletras AJ, Gatzounis G. Polycystin-2 Associates With Malignancy in Meningiomas. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2023; 31:239-244. [PMID: 36877184 PMCID: PMC10072210 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000001113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
The involvement of polycystin-2 (PC2) in cell survival pathways raises questions about its role in carcinogenesis. Aberrant expression of PC2 has been associated with malignancy in various tumors. No evidence exists referring to PC2 expression in meningiomas. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression levels of PC2 in meningiomas and compare them with normal brain samples including leptomeninges. PC2 immunohistochemical expression was quantitatively analyzed in archival tissue from 60 patients with benign (WHO grade 1) and 22 patients with high-grade (21: WHO grade 2 and 1: grade 3) meningiomas. Specifically, the labeling index [the percentage of positive (labeled) cells out of the total number of tumor cells counted] was determined. PC2 mRNA levels were evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. PC2 immunostaining was not detected in the leptomeninges. Gene expression analysis revealed increased levels of PC2 in WHO grade 1 ( P = 0.008) and WHO grade 2 ( P = 0.0007) meningiomas compared with that of normal brains. PC2 expression was significantly associated with an ascending grade of malignancy by both immunohistochemistry and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction ( P < 0.05). Recurrent meningiomas displayed higher levels of PC2 compared with primary meningiomas ( P = 0.008). Although no significant association of PC2 with the overall survival of the patients was found ( P > 0.05), it was noticed that the patients with WHO grade 2 meningiomas with low expression of PC2 survived longer compared with the patients with WHO grade 1 meningioma with high expression of PC2 (mean survival 49.5 and 28 months, respectively). The above results indicate a possible association of PC2 with malignancy in meningiomas. However, the mechanisms underlying PC2 implication in meningioma pathogenesis should be further elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Alexios J. Aletras
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras
| | - George Gatzounis
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece
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29
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DeMars KM, Ross MR, Starr A, McIntyre JC. Neuronal primary cilia integrate peripheral signals with metabolic drives. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1150232. [PMID: 37064917 PMCID: PMC10090425 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1150232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuronal primary cilia have recently emerged as important contributors to the central regulation of energy homeostasis. As non-motile, microtubule-based organelles, primary cilia serve as signaling antennae for metabolic status. The impairment of ciliary structure or function can produce ciliopathies for which obesity is a hallmark phenotype and global ablation of cilia induces non-syndromic adiposity in mouse models. This organelle is not only a hub for metabolic signaling, but also for catecholamine neuromodulation that shapes neuronal circuitry in response to sensory input. The objective of this review is to highlight current research investigating the mechanisms of primary cilium-regulated metabolic drives for maintaining energy homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly M. DeMars
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Madeleine R. Ross
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Summer Neuroscience Internship Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Alana Starr
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Jeremy C. McIntyre
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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30
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Abstract
Polycystin subunits can form hetero- and homotetrameric ion channels in the membranes of various compartments of the cell. Homotetrameric polycystin channels are voltage- and calcium-modulated, whereas heterotetrameric versions are proposed to be ligand- or autoproteolytically regulated. Their importance is underscored by variants associated with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease and by vital roles in fertilization and embryonic development. The diversity in polycystin assembly and subcellular distribution allows for a multitude of sensory functions by this class of channels. In this review, we highlight their recent structural and functional characterization, which has provided a molecular blueprint to investigate the conformational changes required for channel opening in response to unique stimuli. We consider each polycystin channel type individually, discussing how they contribute to sensory cell biology, as well as their impact on the physiology of various tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orhi Esarte Palomero
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA;
| | - Megan Larmore
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA;
| | - Paul G DeCaen
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA;
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31
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Liu P, Liu Y, Zhou J. Ciliary mechanosensation - roles of polycystins and mastigonemes. J Cell Sci 2023; 136:286945. [PMID: 36752106 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.260565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cilia are surface-exposed organelles that provide motility and sensory functions for cells, and it is widely believed that mechanosensation can be mediated through cilia. Polycystin-1 and -2 (PC-1 and PC-2, respectively) are transmembrane proteins that can localize to cilia; however, the molecular mechanisms by which polycystins contribute to mechanosensation are still controversial. Studies detail two prevailing models for the molecular roles of polycystins on cilia; one stresses the mechanosensation capabilities and the other unveils their ligand-receptor nature. The discovery that polycystins interact with mastigonemes, the 'hair-like' protrusions of flagella, is a novel finding in identifying the interactors of polycystins in cilia. While the functions of polycystins proposed by both models may coexist in cilia, it is hoped that a precise understanding of the mechanism of action of polycystins can be achieved by uncovering their distribution and interacting factors inside cilia. This will hopefully provide a satisfying answer to the pathogenesis of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), which is caused by mutations in PC-1 and PC-2. In this Review, we discuss the characteristics of polycystins in the context of cilia and summarize the functions of mastigonemes in unicellular ciliates. Finally, we compare flagella and molecular features of PC-2 between unicellular and multicellular organisms, with the aim of providing new insights into the ciliary roles of polycystins in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiwei Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology , College of Life Sciences in Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology , College of Life Sciences in Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology , College of Life Sciences in Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China.,College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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32
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Li XW, Ran JH, Zhou H, He JZ, Qiu ZW, Wang SY, Wu MN, Zhu S, An YP, Ma A, Li M, Quan YZ, Li NN, Ren CQ, Yang BX. 1-Indanone retards cyst development in ADPKD mouse model by stabilizing tubulin and down-regulating anterograde transport of cilia. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2023; 44:406-420. [PMID: 35906293 PMCID: PMC9889777 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-022-00937-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common inherited kidney disease. Cyst development in ADPKD involves abnormal epithelial cell proliferation, which is affected by the primary cilia-mediated signal transduction in the epithelial cells. Thus, primary cilium has been considered as a therapeutic target for ADPKD. Since ADPKD exhibits many pathological features similar to solid tumors, we investigated whether targeting primary cilia using anti-tumor agents could alleviate the development of ADPKD. Twenty-four natural compounds with anti-tumor activity were screened in MDCK cyst model, and 1-Indanone displayed notable inhibition on renal cyst growth without cytotoxicity. This compound also inhibited cyst development in embryonic kidney cyst model. In neonatal kidney-specific Pkd1 knockout mice, 1-Indanone remarkably slowed down kidney enlargement and cyst expansion. Furthermore, we demonstrated that 1-Indanone inhibited the abnormal elongation of cystic epithelial cilia by promoting tubulin polymerization and significantly down-regulating expression of anterograde transport motor protein KIF3A and IFT88. Moreover, we found that 1-Indanone significantly down-regulated ciliary coordinated Wnt/β-catenin, Hedgehog signaling pathways. These results demonstrate that 1-Indanone inhibits cystic cell proliferation by reducing abnormally prolonged cilia length in cystic epithelial cells, suggesting that 1-Indanone may hold therapeutic potential to retard cyst development in ADPKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jian-Hua Ran
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jin-Zhao He
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Zhi-Wei Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Shu-Yuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Meng-Na Wu
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Shuai Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yong-Pan An
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Ang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Min Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Ya-Zhu Quan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Nan-Nan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Chao-Qun Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Bao-Xue Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191, China.
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Yu J, Wang G, Chen Z, Wan L, Zhou J, Cai J, Liu X, Wang Y. Deficit of PKHD1L1 in the dentate gyrus increases seizure susceptibility in mice. Hum Mol Genet 2023; 32:506-519. [PMID: 36067019 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddac220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder featuring recurrent, unprovoked seizures, which affect more than 65 million people worldwide. Here, we discover that the PKHD1L1, which is encoded by polycystic kidney and hepatic disease1-like 1 (Pkhd1l1), wildly distributes in neurons in the central nervous system (CNS) of mice. Disruption of PKHD1L1 in the dentate gyrus region of the hippocampus leads to increased susceptibility to pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures in mice. The disturbance of PKHD1L1 leads to the overactivation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/extracellular regulated kinase (ERK)-Calpain pathway, which is accompanied by remarkable degradation of cytoplasmic potassium chloride co-transporter 2 (KCC2) level together with the impaired expression and function of membrane KCC2. However, the reduction of membrane KCC2 is associated with the damaged inhibitory ability of the vital GABA receptors, which ultimately leads to the significantly increased susceptibility to epileptic seizures. Our data, thus, indicate for the first time that Pkhd1l1, a newly discovered polycystic kidney disease (PKD) association gene, is required in neurons to maintain neuronal excitability by regulation of KCC2 expression in CNS. A new mechanism of the clinical association between genetic PKD and seizures has been built, which could be a potential therapeutic target for treating PKD-related seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangning Yu
- Department of Neurology, Institutes of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institute of Biological Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Guoxiang Wang
- Department of Neurology, Institutes of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institute of Biological Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhiyun Chen
- Department of Neurology, Institutes of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institute of Biological Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Li Wan
- Department of Neurology, Institutes of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institute of Biological Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Rehabilitation Center, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital/the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518035, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Institutes of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institute of Biological Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Rehabilitation Center, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital/the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518035, China
| | - Jingyi Cai
- Department of Neurology, Institutes of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institute of Biological Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Department of Neurology, Institutes of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institute of Biological Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Department of Neurology, Institutes of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institute of Biological Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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Liu X, Zhang R, Fatehi M, Wang Y, Long W, Tian R, Deng X, Weng Z, Xu Q, Light PE, Tang J, Chen XZ. Regulation of PKD2 channel function by TACAN. J Physiol 2023; 601:83-98. [PMID: 36420836 DOI: 10.1113/jp283895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease is caused by mutations in the membrane receptor PKD1 or the cation channel PKD2. TACAN (also termed TMEM120A), recently reported as an ion channel in neurons for mechanosensing and pain sensing, is also distributed in diverse non-neuronal tissues, such as kidney, heart and intestine, suggesting its involvement in other functions. In this study, we found that TACAN is in a complex with PKD2 in native renal cell lines. Using the two-electrode voltage clamp in Xenopus oocytes, we found that TACAN inhibits the channel activity of PKD2 gain-of-function mutant F604P. TACAN fragments containing the first and last transmembrane domains interacted with the PKD2 C- and N-terminal fragments, respectively. The TACAN N-terminus acted as a blocking peptide, and TACAN inhibited the function of PKD2 by the binding of PKD2 with TACAN. By patch clamping in mammalian cells, we found that TACAN inhibits both the single-channel conductance and the open probability of PKD2 and mutant F604P. PKD2 co-expressed with TACAN, but not PKD2 alone, exhibited pressure sensitivity. Furthermore, we found that TACAN aggravates PKD2-dependent tail curvature and pronephric cysts in larval zebrafish. In summary, this study revealed that TACAN acts as a PKD2 inhibitor and mediates mechanosensitivity of the PKD2-TACAN channel complex. KEY POINTS: TACAN inhibits the function of PKD2 in vitro and in vivo. TACAN N-terminal S1-containing fragment T160X interacts with the PKD2 C-terminal fragment N580-L700, and its C-terminal S6-containing fragment L296-D343 interacts with the PKD2 N-terminal A594X. TACAN inhibits the function of the PKD2 channel by physical interaction. The complex of PKD2 with TACAN, but not PKD2 alone, confers mechanosensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Liu
- Membrane Protein Disease Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Rui Zhang
- National '111' Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Mohammad Fatehi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Yifang Wang
- National '111' Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wentong Long
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Rui Tian
- National '111' Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaoling Deng
- National '111' Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ziyi Weng
- National '111' Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qinyi Xu
- Membrane Protein Disease Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Peter E Light
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jingfeng Tang
- National '111' Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xing-Zhen Chen
- Membrane Protein Disease Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Poddar A, Hsu YY, Zhang F, Shamma A, Kreais Z, Muller C, Malla M, Ray A, Liu AP, Chen Q. Membrane stretching activates calcium permeability of a putative channel Pkd2 during fission yeast cytokinesis. Mol Biol Cell 2022; 33:ar134. [PMID: 36200871 PMCID: PMC9727806 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e22-07-0248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Pkd2 is the fission yeast homologue of polycystins. This putative ion channel localizes to the plasma membrane. It is required for the expansion of cell volume during interphase growth and cytokinesis, the last step of cell division. However, the channel activity of Pkd2 remains untested. Here, we examined the calcium permeability and mechanosensitivity of Pkd2 through in vitro reconstitution and calcium imaging of pkd2 mutant cells. Pkd2 was translated and inserted into the lipid bilayers of giant unilamellar vesicles using a cell-free expression system. The reconstituted Pkd2 permeated calcium when the membrane was stretched via hypoosmotic shock. In vivo, inactivation of Pkd2 through a temperature-sensitive mutation pkd2-B42 reduced the average intracellular calcium level by 34%. Compared with the wild type, the hypomorphic mutation pkd2-81KD reduced the amplitude of hypoosmotic shock-triggered calcium spikes by 59%. During cytokinesis, mutations of pkd2 reduced the calcium spikes, accompanying cell separation and the ensuing membrane stretching, by 60%. We concluded that fission yeast polycystin Pkd2 allows calcium influx when activated by membrane stretching, representing a likely mechanosensitive channel that contributes to the cytokinetic calcium spikes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Poddar
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606
| | - Yen-Yu Hsu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Faith Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606
| | - Abeda Shamma
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606
| | - Zachary Kreais
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606
| | - Clare Muller
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606
| | - Mamata Malla
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606
| | - Aniruddha Ray
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606
| | - Allen P. Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109,Department of Biophysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109,Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109,*Address correspondence to: Qian Chen (); Allen Liu ()
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606,*Address correspondence to: Qian Chen (); Allen Liu ()
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Zhang Y, Xu S, Jin Q, Luo J, Gao C, Jayaprakash S, Wang H, Zhuang L, He J. Establishment of transgenic pigs overexpressing human PKD2-D511V mutant. Front Genet 2022; 13:1059682. [DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1059682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous missense mutations have been reported in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease which is one of the most common renal genetic disorders. The underlying mechanism for cystogenesis is still elusive, partly due to the lack of suitable animal models. Currently, we tried to establish a porcine transgenic model overexpressing human PKD2-D511V (hPKD2-D511V), which is a dominant-negative mutation in the vertebrate in vitro models. A total of six cloned pigs were finally obtained using somatic cell nuclear transfer. However, five with functional hPKD2-D511V died shortly after birth, leaving only one with the dysfunctional transgenic event to survive. Compared with the WT pigs, the demised transgenic pigs had elevated levels of hPKD2 expression at the mRNA and protein levels. Additionally, no renal malformation was observed, indicating that hPKD2-D511V did not alter normal kidney development. RNA-seq analysis also revealed that several ADPKD-related pathways were disturbed when overexpressing hPKD2-D511V. Therefore, our study implies that hPKD2-D511V may be lethal due to the dominant-negative effect. Hence, to dissect how PKD2-D511V drives renal cystogenesis, it is better to choose in vitro or invertebrate models.
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Wang W, Silva LM, Wang HH, Kavanaugh MA, Pottorf TS, Allard BA, Jacobs DT, Dong R, Cornelius JT, Chaturvedi A, Swenson-Fields KI, Fields TA, Pritchard MT, Sharma M, Slawson C, Wallace DP, Calvet JP, Tran PV. Ttc21b deficiency attenuates autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease in a kidney tubular- and maturation-dependent manner. Kidney Int 2022; 102:577-591. [PMID: 35644283 PMCID: PMC9398994 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2022.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Primary cilia are sensory organelles built and maintained by intraflagellar transport (IFT) multiprotein complexes. Deletion of several IFT-B genes attenuates polycystic kidney disease (PKD) severity in juvenile and adult autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) mouse models. However, deletion of an IFT-A adaptor, Tulp3, attenuates PKD severity in adult mice only. These studies indicate that dysfunction of specific cilia components has potential therapeutic value. To broaden our understanding of cilia dysfunction and its therapeutic potential, we investigate the role of global deletion of an IFT-A gene, Ttc21b, in juvenile and adult mouse models of ADPKD. Both juvenile (postnatal day 21) and adult (six months of age) ADPKD mice exhibited kidney cysts, increased kidney weight/body weight ratios, lengthened kidney cilia, inflammation, and increased levels of the nutrient sensor, O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc). Deletion of Ttc21b in juvenile ADPKD mice reduced cortical collecting duct cystogenesis and kidney weight/body weight ratios, increased proximal tubular and glomerular dilations, but did not reduce cilia length, inflammation, nor O-GlcNAc levels. In contrast, Ttc21b deletion in adult ADPKD mice markedly attenuated kidney cystogenesis and reduced cilia length, inflammation, and O-GlcNAc levels. Thus, unlike IFT-B, the effect of Ttc21b deletion in mouse models of ADPKD is development-specific. Unlike an IFT-A adaptor, deleting Ttc21b in juvenile ADPKD mice is partially ameliorative. Thus, our studies suggest that different microenvironmental factors, found in distinct nephron segments and in developing versus mature stages, modify ciliary homeostasis and ADPKD pathobiology. Further, elevated levels of O-GlcNAc, which regulates cellular metabolism and ciliogenesis, may be a pathological feature of ADPKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Luciane M Silva
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Henry H Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Matthew A Kavanaugh
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Tana S Pottorf
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Bailey A Allard
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Damon T Jacobs
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Rouchen Dong
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Joseph T Cornelius
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Aakriti Chaturvedi
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Katherine I Swenson-Fields
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Timothy A Fields
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Michele T Pritchard
- Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Madhulika Sharma
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Chad Slawson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Darren P Wallace
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - James P Calvet
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Pamela V Tran
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA.
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Liu X, Tang J, Chen XZ. Role of PKD2 in the endoplasmic reticulum calcium homeostasis. Front Physiol 2022; 13:962571. [PMID: 36035467 PMCID: PMC9399649 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.962571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is caused by mutations in the PKD1 or PKD2 gene which encodes membrane receptor PKD1 and cation channel PKD2, respectively. PKD2, also called transient receptor potential polycystin-2 (TRPP2), is a Ca2+-permeable channel located on the membrane of cell surface, primary cilia, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Ca2+ is closely associated with diverse cellular functions. While ER Ca2+ homeostasis depends on different Ca2+ receptors, channels and transporters, the role of PKD2 within the ER remains controversial. Whether and how PKD2-mediated ER Ca2+ leak relates to ADPKD pathogenesis is not well understood. Here, we reviewed current knowledge about the biophysical and physiological properties of PKD2 and how PKD2 contributes to ER Ca2+ homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Liu
- Membrane Protein Disease Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Jingfeng Tang
- National “111” Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, HB, China
| | - Xing-Zhen Chen
- Membrane Protein Disease Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- *Correspondence: Xing-Zhen Chen,
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Padhy B, Xie J, Wang R, Lin F, Huang CL. Channel Function of Polycystin-2 in the Endoplasmic Reticulum Protects against Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease. J Am Soc Nephrol 2022; 33:1501-1516. [PMID: 35835458 PMCID: PMC9342640 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2022010053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations of PKD2, which encodes polycystin-2, cause autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). The prevailing view is that defects in polycystin-2-mediated calcium ion influx in the primary cilia play a central role in the pathogenesis of cyst growth. However, polycystin-2 is predominantly expressed in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and more permeable to potassium ions than to calcium ions. METHODS The trimeric intracellular cation (TRIC) channel TRIC-B is an ER-resident potassium channel that mediates potassium-calcium counterion exchange for inositol trisphosphate-mediated calcium ion release. Using TRIC-B as a tool, we examined the function of ER-localized polycystin-2 and its role in ADPKD pathogenesis in cultured cells, zebrafish, and mouse models. RESULTS Agonist-induced ER calcium ion release was defective in cells lacking polycystin-2 and reversed by exogenous expression of TRIC-B. Vice versa, exogenous polycystin-2 reversed an ER calcium-release defect in cells lacking TRIC-B. In a zebrafish model, expression of wild-type but not nonfunctional TRIC-B suppressed polycystin-2-deficient phenotypes. Similarly, these phenotypes were suppressed by targeting the ROMK potassium channel (normally expressed on the cell surface) to the ER. In cultured cells and polycystin-2-deficient zebrafish phenotypes, polycystin-2 remained capable of reversing the ER calcium release defect even when it was not present in the cilia. Transgenic expression of Tric-b ameliorated cystogenesis in the kidneys of conditional Pkd2-inactivated mice, whereas Tric-b deletion enhanced cystogenesis in Pkd2-heterozygous kidneys. CONCLUSIONS Polycystin-2 in the ER appears to be critical for anticystogenesis and likely functions as a potassium ion channel to facilitate potassium-calcium counterion exchange for inositol trisphosphate-mediated calcium release. The results advance the understanding of ADPKD pathogenesis and provides proof of principle for pharmacotherapy by TRIC-B activators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswajit Padhy
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Jian Xie
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Runping Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Fang Lin
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Chou-Long Huang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
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40
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Caplan MJ. Polycystin-2 in the Endoplasmic Reticulum: Bending Ideas about the Role of the Cilium. J Am Soc Nephrol 2022; 33:1433-1434. [PMID: 35906088 PMCID: PMC9342637 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2022050557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Caplan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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Tran T, Song CJ, Nguyen T, Cheng SY, McMahon JA, Yang R, Guo Q, Der B, Lindström NO, Lin DCH, McMahon AP. A scalable organoid model of human autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease for disease mechanism and drug discovery. Cell Stem Cell 2022; 29:1083-1101.e7. [PMID: 35803227 PMCID: PMC11088748 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2022.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem-cell-derived organoids are models for human development and disease. We report a modified human kidney organoid system that generates thousands of similar organoids, each consisting of 1-2 nephron-like structures. Single-cell transcriptomic profiling and immunofluorescence validation highlighted patterned nephron-like structures utilizing similar pathways, with distinct morphogenesis, to human nephrogenesis. To examine this platform for therapeutic screening, the polycystic kidney disease genes PKD1 and PKD2 were inactivated by gene editing. PKD1 and PKD2 mutant models exhibited efficient and reproducible cyst formation. Cystic outgrowths could be propagated for months to centimeter-sized cysts. To shed new light on cystogenesis, 247 protein kinase inhibitors (PKIs) were screened in a live imaging assay identifying compounds blocking cyst formation but not overall organoid growth. Scaling and further development of the organoid platform will enable a broader capability for kidney disease modeling and high-throughput drug screens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy Tran
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Broad-CIRM Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Cheng Jack Song
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Broad-CIRM Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; Amgen Research, Cardiometabolic Disorders, 1120 Veterans Blvd, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Trang Nguyen
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Broad-CIRM Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Shun-Yang Cheng
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Broad-CIRM Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Jill A McMahon
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Broad-CIRM Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Rui Yang
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Broad-CIRM Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Qiuyu Guo
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Broad-CIRM Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Balint Der
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Broad-CIRM Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Nils O Lindström
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Broad-CIRM Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Daniel C-H Lin
- Amgen Research, Cardiometabolic Disorders, 1120 Veterans Blvd, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Andrew P McMahon
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Broad-CIRM Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
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Cantero MDR, Cantiello HF. Polycystin-2 (TRPP2): Ion channel properties and regulation. Gene 2022; 827:146313. [PMID: 35314260 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Polycystin-2 (TRPP2, PKD2, PC2) is the product of the PKD2 gene, whose mutations cause Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD). PC2 belongs to the superfamily of TRP (Transient Receptor Potential) proteins that generally function as Ca2+-permeable nonselective cation channels implicated in Ca2+ signaling. PC2 localizes to various cell domains with distinct functions that likely depend on interactions with specific channel partners. Functions include receptor-operated, nonselective cation channel activity in the plasma membrane, intracellular Ca2+ release channel activity in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and mechanosensitive channel activity in the primary cilium of renal epithelial cells. Here we summarize our current understanding of the properties of PC2 and how other transmembrane and cytosolic proteins modulate this activity, providing functional diversity and selective regulatory mechanisms to its role in the control of cellular Ca2+ homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Del Rocío Cantero
- Laboratorio de Canales Iónicos, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Salud, Tecnología y Desarrollo (IMSaTeD, CONICET-UNSE), El Zanjón, Santiago del Estero 4206, Argentina.
| | - Horacio F Cantiello
- Laboratorio de Canales Iónicos, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Salud, Tecnología y Desarrollo (IMSaTeD, CONICET-UNSE), El Zanjón, Santiago del Estero 4206, Argentina
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Kleene SJ. Regenerative Calcium Currents in Renal Primary Cilia. Front Physiol 2022; 13:894518. [PMID: 35620606 PMCID: PMC9127361 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.894518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is a leading cause of end-stage renal disease. PKD arises from mutations in proteins, one a Ca2+-conducting channel, expressed in the primary cilia of renal epithelial cells. A common hypothesis is that Ca2+ entering through ciliary ion channels may reduce cystogenesis. The cilia have at least two Ca2+-conducting channels: polycystin-2 (PC2) and TRPV4 (transient receptor potential (TRP) cation channel, subfamily V, member 4), but how substantially they can increase intraciliary Ca2+ is unknown. By recording channel activities in isolated cilia, conditions are identified under which the channels can increase free Ca2+ within the cilium by at least 500-fold through regenerative (positive-feedback) signaling. Ca2+ that has entered through a channel can activate the channel internally, which increases the Ca2+ influx, and so on. Regenerative signaling is favored when the concentration of the Ca2+ buffer is reduced or when a slower buffer is used. Under such conditions, the Ca2+ that enters the cilium through a single PC2 channel is sufficient to almost fully activate that same channel. Regenerative signaling is not detectable with reduced external Ca2+. Reduced buffering also allows regenerative signaling through TRPV4 channels, but not through TRPM4 (TRP subfamily M, member 4) channels, which are activated by Ca2+ but do not conduct it. On a larger scale, Ca2+ that enters through TRPV4 channels can cause secondary activation of PC2 channels. I discuss the likelihood of regenerative ciliary Ca2+ signaling in vivo, a possible mechanism for its activation, and how it might relate to cystogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J. Kleene
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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44
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Paul S, Balakrishnan S, Arumugaperumal A, Lathakumari S, Syamala SS, Vijayan V, Durairaj SCJ, Arumugaswami V, Sivasubramaniam S. Importance of clitellar tissue in the regeneration ability of earthworm Eudrilus eugeniae. Funct Integr Genomics 2022; 22:1-32. [PMID: 35416560 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-022-00849-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Among the annelids, earthworms are renowned for their phenomenal ability to regenerate the lost segments. The adult earthworm Eudrilus eugeniae contains 120 segments and the body segments of the earthworm are divided into pre-clitellar, clitellar and post-clitellar segments. The present study denoted that clitellum plays vital role in the successful regeneration of the species. We have performed histological studies to identify among the three skin layers of the earthworm, which cellular layer supports the blastema formation and regeneration of the species. The histological evidences denoted that the proliferation of the longitudinal cell layer at the amputation site is crucial for the successful regeneration of the earthworm and it takes place only in the presence of an intact clitellum. Besides we have performed clitellar transcriptome analysis of the earthworm Eudrilus eugeniae to monitor the key differentially expressed genes and their associated functions and pathways controlling the clitellar tissue changes during both anterior and posterior regeneration of the earthworm. A total of 4707 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between the control clitellum and clitellum of anterior regenerated earthworms and 4343 DEGs were detected between the control clitellum and clitellum of posterior regenerated earthworms. The functional enrichment analysis confirmed the genes regulating the muscle mass shape and structure were significantly downregulated and the genes associated with response to starvation and anterior-posterior axis specification were significantly upregulated in the clitellar tissue during both anterior and posterior regeneration of the earthworm. The RNA sequencing data of clitellum and the comparative transcriptomic analysis were helpful to understand the complex regeneration process of the earthworm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayan Paul
- Department of Biotechnology, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, Tamilnadu, 627012, India.,Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease, Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine (inStem), Bangalore, 560065, India
| | | | - Arun Arumugaperumal
- Department of Biotechnology, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, Tamilnadu, 627012, India
| | - Saranya Lathakumari
- Department of Biotechnology, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, Tamilnadu, 627012, India
| | - Sandhya Soman Syamala
- Department of Biotechnology, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, Tamilnadu, 627012, India
| | - Vijithkumar Vijayan
- Department of Biotechnology, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, Tamilnadu, 627012, India
| | - Selvan Christyraj Jackson Durairaj
- Department of Biotechnology, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, Tamilnadu, 627012, India.,Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamilnadu, 600 119, India
| | | | - Sudhakar Sivasubramaniam
- Department of Biotechnology, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, Tamilnadu, 627012, India.
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45
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MacKay CE, Floen M, Leo MD, Hasan R, Garrud TAC, Fernández-Peña C, Singh P, Malik KU, Jaggar JH. A plasma membrane-localized polycystin-1/polycystin-2 complex in endothelial cells elicits vasodilation. eLife 2022; 11:e74765. [PMID: 35229718 PMCID: PMC8933003 DOI: 10.7554/elife.74765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystin-1 (PC-1, PKD1), a receptor-like protein expressed by the Pkd1 gene, is present in a wide variety of cell types, but its cellular location, signaling mechanisms, and physiological functions are poorly understood. Here, by studying tamoxifen-inducible, endothelial cell (EC)-specific Pkd1 knockout (Pkd1 ecKO) mice, we show that flow activates PC-1-mediated, Ca2+-dependent cation currents in ECs. EC-specific PC-1 knockout attenuates flow-mediated arterial hyperpolarization and vasodilation. PC-1-dependent vasodilation occurs over the entire functional shear stress range and via the activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and intermediate (IK)- and small (SK)-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels. EC-specific PC-1 knockout increases systemic blood pressure without altering kidney anatomy. PC-1 coimmunoprecipitates with polycystin-2 (PC-2, PKD2), a TRP polycystin channel, and clusters of both proteins locate in nanoscale proximity in the EC plasma membrane. Knockout of either PC-1 or PC-2 (Pkd2 ecKO mice) abolishes surface clusters of both PC-1 and PC-2 in ECs. Single knockout of PC-1 or PC-2 or double knockout of PC-1 and PC-2 (Pkd1/Pkd2 ecKO mice) similarly attenuates flow-mediated vasodilation. Flow stimulates nonselective cation currents in ECs that are similarly inhibited by either PC-1 or PC-2 knockout or by interference peptides corresponding to the C-terminus coiled-coil domains present in PC-1 or PC-2. In summary, we show that PC-1 regulates arterial contractility through the formation of an interdependent signaling complex with PC-2 in ECs. Flow stimulates PC-1/PC-2 clusters in the EC plasma membrane, leading to eNOS, IK channel, and SK channel activation, vasodilation, and a reduction in blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles E MacKay
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science CenterMemphisUnited States
| | - Miranda Floen
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science CenterMemphisUnited States
| | - M Dennis Leo
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science CenterMemphisUnited States
| | - Raquibul Hasan
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science CenterMemphisUnited States
| | - Tessa AC Garrud
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science CenterMemphisUnited States
| | - Carlos Fernández-Peña
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science CenterMemphisUnited States
| | - Purnima Singh
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science CenterMemphisUnited States
| | - Kafait U Malik
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science CenterMemphisUnited States
| | - Jonathan H Jaggar
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science CenterMemphisUnited States
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46
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Sinha D, Ivan D, Gibbs E, Chetluru M, Goss J, Chen Q. Fission yeast polycystin Pkd2p promotes cell size expansion and antagonizes the Hippo-related SIN pathway. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:274457. [PMID: 35099006 PMCID: PMC8919332 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystins are conserved mechanosensitive channels whose mutations lead to the common human renal disorder autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). Previously, we discovered that the plasma membrane-localized fission yeast polycystin homolog Pkd2p is an essential protein required for cytokinesis; however, its role remains unclear. Here, we isolated a novel temperature-sensitive pkd2 mutant, pkd2-B42. Among the strong growth defects of this mutant, the most striking was that many mutant cells often lost a significant portion of their volume in just 5 min followed by a gradual recovery, a process that we termed 'deflation'. Unlike cell lysis, deflation did not result in plasma membrane rupture and occurred independently of cell cycle progression. The tip extension of pkd2-B42 cells was 80% slower than that of wild-type cells, and their turgor pressure was 50% lower. Both pkd2-B42 and the hypomorphic depletion mutant pkd2-81KD partially rescued mutants of the septation initiation network (SIN), a yeast Hippo-related signaling pathway, by preventing cell lysis, enhancing septum formation and doubling the number of Sid2p and Mob1p molecules at the spindle pole bodies. We conclude that Pkd2p promotes cell size expansion during interphase by regulating turgor pressure and antagonizes the SIN during cytokinesis. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debatrayee Sinha
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft St, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Denisa Ivan
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft St, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Ellie Gibbs
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wellesley College, 106 Central Street, Wellesley, MA 02482, USA
| | - Madhurya Chetluru
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft St, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - John Goss
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wellesley College, 106 Central Street, Wellesley, MA 02482, USA
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft St, Toledo, OH 43606, USA,Author for correspondence ()
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47
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Mehta YR, Lewis SA, Leo KT, Chen L, Park E, Raghuram V, Chou CL, Yang CR, Kikuchi H, Khundmiri S, Poll BG, Knepper MA. "ADPKD-omics": determinants of cyclic AMP levels in renal epithelial cells. Kidney Int 2022; 101:47-62. [PMID: 34757121 PMCID: PMC10671900 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2021.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The regulation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels in kidney epithelial cells is important in at least 2 groups of disorders, namely water balance disorders and autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Focusing on the latter, we review genes that code for proteins that are determinants of cAMP levels in cells. We identify which of these determinants are expressed in the 14 kidney tubule segments using recently published RNA-sequencing and protein mass spectrometry data ("autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease-omics"). This includes G protein-coupled receptors, adenylyl cyclases, cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases, cAMP transporters, cAMP-binding proteins, regulator of G protein-signaling proteins, G protein-coupled receptor kinases, arrestins, calcium transporters, and calcium-binding proteins. In addition, compartmentalized cAMP signaling in the primary cilium is discussed, and a specialized database of the proteome of the primary cilium of cultured "IMCD3" cells is provided as an online resource (https://esbl.nhlbi.nih.gov/Databases/CiliumProteome/). Overall, this article provides a general resource in the form of a curated list of proteins likely to play roles in determination of cAMP levels in kidney epithelial cells and, therefore, likely to be determinants of progression of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yash R Mehta
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Spencer A Lewis
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kirby T Leo
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Lihe Chen
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Euijung Park
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Viswanathan Raghuram
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Chung-Lin Chou
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Chin-Rang Yang
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Hiroaki Kikuchi
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Syed Khundmiri
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Brian G Poll
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mark A Knepper
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
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48
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Pastor-Soler NM, Li H, Pham J, Rivera D, Ho PY, Mancino V, Saitta B, Hallows KR. Metformin improves relevant disease parameters in an autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease mouse model. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2022; 322:F27-F41. [PMID: 34806449 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00298.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), caused by mutations in the polycystin 1 (PKD1) or polycystin 2 genes, presents with progressive development of kidney cysts and eventual end-stage kidney disease with limited treatment options. Previous work has shown that metformin reduces cyst growth in rapid ADPKD mouse models via inhibition of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator-mediated fluid secretion, mammalian target of rapamycin, and cAMP pathways. The present study importantly tested the effectiveness of metformin as a therapy for ADPKD in a more clinically relevant Pkd1RC/RC mouse model, homozygous for the R3277C knockin point mutation in the Pkd1 gene. This mutation causes ADPKD in humans. Pkd1RC/RC male and female mice, which have a slow progression to end-stage kidney disease, received metformin (300 mg/kg/day in drinking water vs. water alone) from 3 to 9 or 12 mo of age. As previously reported, Pkd1RC/RC females had a more severe disease phenotype as compared with males. Metformin treatment reduced the ratio of total kidney weight-to-body weight relative to age-matched and sex-matched untreated controls at both 9 and 12 mo and reduced the cystic index in females at 9 mo. Metformin also increased glomerular filtration rate, lowered systolic blood pressure, improved anemia, and lowered blood urea nitrogen levels relative to controls in both sexes. Moreover, metformin reduced gene expression of key inflammatory markers and both gene and protein expression of kidney injury marker-1 and cyclin-dependent kinase-1 versus untreated controls. Altogether, these findings suggest several beneficial effects of metformin in this highly relevant slowly progressive ADPKD mouse model, which may help inform new ADPKD therapies in patients.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Metformin treatment improved ADPKD disease severity in a relevant, slowly progressive ADPKD mouse model that recapitulates a PKD-associated PKD1 mutation. Relative to controls, metformin reduced kidney weight/body weight, cystic index and BUN levels, while improving GFR, blood pressure and anemia. Metformin also reduced key inflammatory and injury markers, along with cell proliferation markers. These findings suggest several beneficial effects of metformin in this ADPKD mouse model, which may help inform new ADPKD therapies in patients.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Disease Models, Animal
- Disease Progression
- Female
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Glomerular Filtration Rate/drug effects
- Inflammation Mediators/metabolism
- Kidney/drug effects
- Kidney/metabolism
- Kidney/pathology
- Kidney/physiopathology
- Kidney Failure, Chronic/metabolism
- Kidney Failure, Chronic/pathology
- Kidney Failure, Chronic/physiopathology
- Kidney Failure, Chronic/prevention & control
- Male
- Metformin/pharmacology
- Mice, 129 Strain
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Mutation
- Polycystic Kidney, Autosomal Dominant/drug therapy
- Polycystic Kidney, Autosomal Dominant/metabolism
- Polycystic Kidney, Autosomal Dominant/pathology
- Polycystic Kidney, Autosomal Dominant/physiopathology
- Renal Agents/pharmacology
- TRPP Cation Channels/genetics
- Time Factors
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria M Pastor-Soler
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine and USC/UKRO Kidney Research Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Hui Li
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine and USC/UKRO Kidney Research Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jessica Pham
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine and USC/UKRO Kidney Research Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Daniel Rivera
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine and USC/UKRO Kidney Research Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Pei-Yin Ho
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine and USC/UKRO Kidney Research Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Valeria Mancino
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine and USC/UKRO Kidney Research Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Biagio Saitta
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine and USC/UKRO Kidney Research Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Kenneth R Hallows
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine and USC/UKRO Kidney Research Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
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49
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Decuypere JP, Van Giel D, Janssens P, Dong K, Somlo S, Cai Y, Mekahli D, Vennekens R. Interdependent Regulation of Polycystin Expression Influences Starvation-Induced Autophagy and Cell Death. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413511. [PMID: 34948309 PMCID: PMC8706473 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is mainly caused by deficiency of polycystin-1 (PC1) or polycystin-2 (PC2). Altered autophagy has recently been implicated in ADPKD progression, but its exact regulation by PC1 and PC2 remains unclear. We therefore investigated cell death and survival during nutritional stress in mouse inner medullary collecting duct cells (mIMCDs), either wild-type (WT) or lacking PC1 (PC1KO) or PC2 (PC2KO), and human urine-derived proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTEC) from early-stage ADPKD patients with PC1 mutations versus healthy individuals. Basal autophagy was enhanced in PC1-deficient cells. Similarly, following starvation, autophagy was enhanced and cell death reduced when PC1 was reduced. Autophagy inhibition reduced cell death resistance in PC1KO mIMCDs to the WT level, implying that PC1 promotes autophagic cell survival. Although PC2 expression was increased in PC1KO mIMCDs, PC2 knockdown did not result in reduced autophagy. PC2KO mIMCDs displayed lower basal autophagy, but more autophagy and less cell death following chronic starvation. This could be reversed by overexpression of PC1 in PC2KO. Together, these findings indicate that PC1 levels are partially coupled to PC2 expression, and determine the transition from renal cell survival to death, leading to enhanced survival of ADPKD cells during nutritional stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Paul Decuypere
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, PKD Research Group, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (D.V.G.); (P.J.); (D.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-16340102
| | - Dorien Van Giel
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, PKD Research Group, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (D.V.G.); (P.J.); (D.M.)
- Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, Biomedical Sciences Group, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
| | - Peter Janssens
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, PKD Research Group, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (D.V.G.); (P.J.); (D.M.)
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospitals Brussels, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ke Dong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; (K.D.); (S.S.); (Y.C.)
| | - Stefan Somlo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; (K.D.); (S.S.); (Y.C.)
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Yiqiang Cai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; (K.D.); (S.S.); (Y.C.)
| | - Djalila Mekahli
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, PKD Research Group, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (D.V.G.); (P.J.); (D.M.)
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, University Hospital of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rudi Vennekens
- Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, Biomedical Sciences Group, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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50
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Jung HJ, Coleman R, Woodward OM, Welling PA. Doxycycline Changes the Transcriptome Profile of mIMCD3 Renal Epithelial Cells. Front Physiol 2021; 12:771691. [PMID: 34803745 PMCID: PMC8602682 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.771691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetracycline-inducible gene expression systems have been used successfully to study gene function in vivo and in vitro renal epithelial models but the effects of the common inducing agent, doxycycline (DOX), on gene expression are not well appreciated. Here, we evaluated the DOX effects on the transcriptome of a widely used renal epithelial cell model, mIMCD3 cells, to establish a reference. Cells were grown on permeable filter supports in the absence and presence of DOX (3 or 6 days), and genome-wide transcriptome profiles were assessed using RNA-Seq. We found DOX significantly altered the transcriptome profile, changing the abundance of 1,549 transcripts at 3 days and 2,643 transcripts at 6 days. Within 3 days of treatment, DOX significantly decreased the expression of multiple signaling pathways (ERK, cAMP, and Notch) that are associated with cell proliferation and differentiation. Genes associated with cell cycle progression were subsequently downregulated in cells treated with DOX for 6 days, as were genes involved in cellular immune response processes and several cytokines and chemokines, correlating with a remarkable repression of genes encoding cell proliferation markers. The results provide new insight into responses of renal epithelial cells to DOX and a establish a resource for DOX-mediated gene expression systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jun Jung
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Richard Coleman
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Owen M Woodward
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Paul A Welling
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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